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Desde hace décadas, los científicos estudian qué genes a lo largo de la evolución han sido los más importantes para que los humanos hablemos. Hasta ahora, el principal candidato era el gen llamado FOXP2. Los humanos poseemos una variante del gen FOXP2 que no poseen otros animales relacionados con nosotros, en particular no la poseen chimpancés o gorilas. Esta aparente exclusividad humana hizo creer en un principio que esa variante de FOXP2 era la que nos capacitaba para hablar. Gracias a los progresos en la secuenciación del DNA se ha podido obtener y comparar la secuencia de especies humanoides, como neandertales y denisovanos, así como de gorilas, chimpancés, orangutanes y bonobos. A partir de la comparación de esos genomas, se han identificado 61 genes cuyas variantes aparecen exclusivamente en la especie humana. Una de estas variantes génicas ha atraído mucho la atención de los científicos. Se trata de una variante del gen NOVA1, que produce una proteína que interacciona con el RNA en las neuronas y modula su función.
Desde hace décadas, los científicos estudian qué genes a lo largo de la evolución han sido los más importantes para que los humanos hablemos. Hasta ahora, el principal candidato era el gen llamado FOXP2. Los humanos poseemos una variante del gen FOXP2 que no poseen otros animales relacionados con nosotros, en particular no la poseen chimpancés o gorilas. Esta aparente exclusividad humana hizo creer en un principio que esa variante de FOXP2 era la que nos capacitaba para hablar. Gracias a los progresos en la secuenciación del DNA se ha podido obtener y comparar la secuencia de especies humanoides, como neandertales y denisovanos, así como de gorilas, chimpancés, orangutanes y bonobos. A partir de la comparación de esos genomas, se han identificado 61 genes cuyas variantes aparecen exclusivamente en la especie humana. Una de estas variantes génicas ha atraído mucho la atención de los científicos. Se trata de una variante del gen NOVA1, que produce una proteína que interacciona con el RNA en las neuronas y modula su función.
言語を司る遺伝子は存在する!?「言語と脳の関係-失語症の事例から」「遺伝子変異で時制変化ができなくなる?」「ジャンボリミッキー!お姉さん詐欺」など、言語と脳・遺伝子との関係について話しました。【目次】00:00 言語と脳・言語と遺伝子00:50 言語と脳の研究の歴史09:46 言語を司る遺伝子の正体17:54 現実世界は単純ではない21:54 シンプルな仮説から複雑な理解へ25:04 サムネ問題 華麗なる解決28:10 タイトル詐欺を言語学する31:20 生成文法、難しくなりがち【参考文献のリンク】◯入門ことばの世界https://www.valuebooks.jp/bp/VS0021501063◯脳にいどむ言語学https://amzn.to/4hC3rIy◯Science Fictions あなたが知らない科学の真実https://www.valuebooks.jp/bp/VS0089114584【ゆる学徒ラジオ系列すべての公式グッズ】https://www.valuebooks.jp/shelf-items/folder/4362babbae09d77【サポーターコミュニティへの加入はこちらから!】https://yurugengo.com/support【我々の初の著書『言語沼』はこちら!】https://www.valuebooks.jp/bp/VS0058755147【実店舗プロジェクト:ゆる学徒カフェ】https://www.youtube.com/@yurugakuto【姉妹チャンネル:ゆるコンピュータ科学ラジオ】https://www.youtube.com/@yurucom【Twitterあるよ!】ゆる言語学ラジオのTwitterアカウントがあるので、是非フォローしてください!面白語源ネタなどが流れてきてあなたの知識欲が満たされます。→https://twitter.com/yuru_gengo【おたよりフォーム】https://forms.gle/mTGM7A9QNqgjZMgN7※皆様からの楽しいおたよりをお待ちしています!【お仕事依頼はこちら!】info@pedantic.jp【堀元見プロフィール】慶應義塾大学理工学部卒。専攻は情報工学。理屈っぽいコンテンツを作り散らかすことで生計を立てている。Twitter→https://twitter.com/kenhori2noteマガジン→https://note.com/kenhori2/m/m125fc4524aca個人YouTube→https://www.youtube.com/@kenHorimoto【水野太貴プロフィール】名古屋大学文学部卒。専攻は言語学。出版社で雑誌編集者として勤務。言語学の知識が本業に活きているかと思いきや、そうでもない。Twitter→https://twitter.com/yuru_mizuno【BGM提供】・フリーBGM・音楽素材MusMus様https://musmus.main.jp・OtoLogic様https://otologic.jp/
Did you know that there is a language protein, FOXP2, that signals the brain to higher levels of chatter? Scientists say that humans speak between 7,000 and 20,000 words a day, and the Bible tells us that each of those words we speak over ourselves, over others, over our circumstances, has power. Life and death are in the power of the tongue, Proverbs 18:21 reminds us, and those who love it will eat its fruit. Whether we speak 7K or 20K words today, let's make them count for the kingdom.
This episode (i.e., On the Origin of Human Language, Part V) explores the significant role language has played in human evolution, contrasting it with genetic adaptations and cultural developments. Language, deemed more influential than genetic makeup in recent human evolution, enabled planning, cooperation, and information sharing. Unlike other animals, humans, driven by language, have inhabited diverse environments worldwide. Genetic changes associated with language development, like the FOXP2 gene, indicate its pivotal role in human brain expansion. Additionally, language facilitated the emergence of distinct ethnic groups and cultural diversity. Despite challenges in understanding animal communication, the unique spontaneity and complexity of human language distinguish it from other forms of communication. Through linguistic and genetic perspectives, the intricate relationship between language, biology, and culture becomes evident, highlighting language's profound impact on human evolution and society.
Welcome to the 14th episode of The Brain Podcast - the official podcast of the journals Brain and Brain Communications. In this episode we speak with Fu-Chin Liu, senior author of the article entitled: Speech- and language-linked FOXP2 mutation targets protein motors in striatal neurons. This article explores a potential genetic basis for disordered speech by a mutation in the transcription factor FOXP2. This was discovered in KE family members with speech disturbances was a landmark example of the genetic control of vocal communication in humans. The author and colleagues examine an animal model of the KE family FOXP2R553H mutation to explore cellular pathomechanisms involving intracellular dynein-dynactin ‘protein motors' in the striatum. Check out the full article on the Brain website: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad090 We also hear from our new podcast host, Dr Chaitra Sathyaprakash, who is a post-doctoral fellow at National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan- welcome to the team! This episode was co-hosted by Adam Handel and Chaitra Sathyaprakash, edited and produced by Xin You Tai, co-produced by Antonia Johnston, original music by Ammar Al-Chalabi.
At this week's Round Table, Erina, Jack, and Kenisha spoke with Elena Waidmann, a rising fifth year graduate student in the lab of Dr. Erich Jarvis at Rockefeller University, who studies the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying mouse vocalizations. From participating in a neuroscience program through the Center for Talented Youth during high school to studying the neurological facial recognition processes of macaque monkeys in a lab at the National Institutes of Mental Health, Elena shared how all of her experiences have shaped her lifelong love of neuroscience. As a graduate student, she has learned the value of balancing and prioritizing various tasks because of the numerous projects she simultaneously works on. Everyday is different which keeps Elena on her toes as she is constantly surrounded by cutting edge research! We learned about the relevance Elena's research places on the advancement of gene editing, such as the FOXP2 gene for humans who have trouble producing speech, and the degree to which the research she conducts on mice can be DIRECTLY applied to humans. She also walked us through common misconceptions that individuals have in terms of animal communication systems, such as people underestimating non-primates and overestimating other primates. Neuroscience intersects with MANY other fields of study and has a direct application to our everyday lives. If you or someone else you know are in high school and are interested in learning more about this exciting field of study, apply to the Summer Neuroscience Program at Rockefeller University in New York City. Applications open up in January 2024 for the Summer of 2024 cycle. Thank you for listening! --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nextgenpolitics/message
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.26.546567v1?rss=1 Authors: Ahmed, N. I., Khandelwal, N., Anderson, A. G., Kulkarni, A., Gibson, J., Konopka, G. Abstract: Spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the striatum are critical in integrating neurochemical information to coordinate motor and reward-based behavior. Mutations in the regulatory transcription factors expressed in SPNs can result in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Paralogous transcription factors Foxp1 and Foxp2, which are both expressed in the dopamine receptor 1 (D1) expressing SPNs, are known to have variants implicated in NDDs. Utilizing mice with a D1-SPN specific loss of Foxp1, Foxp2, or both and a combination of behavior, electrophysiology, and cell-type specific genomic analysis, loss of both genes results in impaired motor and social behavior as well as increased firing of the D1-SPNs. Differential gene expression analysis implicates genes involved in autism risk, electrophysiological properties, and neuronal development and function. Viral mediated re-expression of Foxp1 into the double knockouts was sufficient to restore electrophysiological and behavioral deficits. These data indicate complementary roles between Foxp1 and Foxp2 in the D1-SPNs. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
On this episode, Dr. Predrag (Pedja) Radović joins us to talk about The Man from Earth (2007), the story of an academic who tries to convince his colleagues that he is 14,000 years old. This low budget movie was filmed on camcorders and takes place in a single room, and yet it's somehow one of the better movies we've seen! Get in touch with us! Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode: Watch The Man from Earth on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5Fjr658CQs Doggerland: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/doggerland/ Magdalenian Culture: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magdalenian-culture Magdalenian artifacts: http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/01/en/glos_plml/typos7.html Why Call Them Back From Heaven? By Clifford Simak: https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/757061 Panspermia: https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/postcards-from-the-universe/life_traveling_in_space_a/ Alfred Russel Wallace's battle with flat-earthers: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/wallace-8217-s-woeful-wager-how-a-founder-of-modern-biology-got-suckered-by-flat-earthers/ D'Errico et al. (2001). An engraved bone fragment from c. 70,000-year-old Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origin of symbolism and language: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00060968 McBrearty and Brooks (2000). The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behaviour: https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2000.0435 Neanderthals and modern humans share the same FOXP2 “language” gene: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05859-7 QAnon supporters though JFK Jr. would return: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/11/02/qanon-jfk-jr-dallas/ The Nxivm Cult: https://www.nytimes.com/article/nxivm-timeline.html
On this episode, Dr. Predrag (Pedja) Radović joins us to talk about The Man from Earth (2007), the story of an academic who tries to convince his colleagues that he is 14,000 years old. This low budget movie was filmed on camcorders and takes place in a single room, and yet it's somehow one of the better movies we've seen! Get in touch with us!Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Facebook: @SotSAPodcastLetterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode: Watch The Man from Earth on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5Fjr658CQs Doggerland: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/doggerland/ Magdalenian Culture: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magdalenian-culture Magdalenian artifacts: http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/01/en/glos_plml/typos7.html Why Call Them Back From Heaven? By Clifford Simak: https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/757061 Panspermia: https://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/postcards-from-the-universe/life_traveling_in_space_a/ Alfred Russel Wallace's battle with flat-earthers: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/rosetta-stones/wallace-8217-s-woeful-wager-how-a-founder-of-modern-biology-got-suckered-by-flat-earthers/ D'Errico et al. (2001). An engraved bone fragment from c. 70,000-year-old Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origin of symbolism and language: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00060968 McBrearty and Brooks (2000). The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behaviour: https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2000.0435 Neanderthals and modern humans share the same FOXP2 “language” gene: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05859-7 QAnon supporters though JFK Jr. would return: https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/11/02/qanon-jfk-jr-dallas/The Nxivm Cult: https://www.nytimes.com/article/nxivm-timeline.html
We all have lots to say right?Whether its via text, email, in person communications or even on the phone. Whaaaaat talking on the phone, who does that anymore? Lol, right.In fact, research shows that the average person speaks 7,000 words a day with many speaking more than that. Meaning us women, we speak on average 13,000 more words to be precise. Ladies, the next time a man in your life complains you talk too much, silence him with science.Tell him - at length, of course - it is all because of the Foxp2 protein. Which is a long conversation for another time. Now, according to LinkedIn Learning Instructor, Jeff Ansell, in his course on Communicating Confidently Jeff says, “That our words are imprint on the world.” So what in the world are we talking about and are they leaving an indeliable wound or are they used as a witness on the world and I'm talking about your small world at home. REGISTER FOR THE "WHAT'S NEXT" SOLO PARENT CONFERENCE:http://www.shepherdsvillage.com/whatsnextsolos23SUBSCRIBE to this podcast on your favorite podcast platform.https://shepherdsvillage.com/podcastNEED PRAYER: Call 855-822-PRAY or click here.INFORMATION & INSPIRATION: Shepherds Village University
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.08.515541v1?rss=1 Authors: Prakash, N., Matos, H. Y., Sebaoui, S., Tsai, L., Tran, T., Aromolaran, A., Atrachji, I., Campbell, N., Goodrich, M., Hernandez-Pineda, D., Herrero, M., Hirata, T., Lischinsky, J., Martinez, W., Torii, S., Yamashita, S., Sokolowski, K., Esumi, S., Kawasawa, Y. I., Hashimoto-Torii, K., Jones, K. S., Corbin, J. G. Abstract: Olfaction is the primary sensory modality by which most vertebrate species interpret environmental cues for appropriate behavioral outputs. The olfactory system is subdivided into main (MOS) and accessory (AOS) components which process volatile and non-volatile cues. While much is known regarding the molecular diversity of neurons that comprise the MOS, less is known about the AOS. Here, focusing on the AOS which is largely comprised of the peripheral vomeronasal organ (VNO), the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) and the medial subnucleus of the amygdala (MeA), we studied the molecular diversity and neuronal subtype connectivity of this interconnected circuit. We show that populations of neurons of the AOS can be molecularly subdivided based on their current or prior expression of the transcription factors Foxp2 or Dbx1. We show that the majority of AOB neurons that project directly to the MeA are of the Foxp2-lineage. Using single cell patch clamp electrophysiology, we further reveal that in addition to sex-specific differences across lineage, the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to MeA Foxp2-lineage neurons differ between sexes. Together, this work uncovers a novel molecular diversity of AOS neurons and lineage- and sex-differences in patterns of connectivity. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Place order via DM ► https://instagram.com/thehealinghustlas My Heroic Dose ► https://bit.ly/AtlasHeroicDoseYT Support MAPS ► https://maps.org I don’t think Stoned Ape is a hypothesis I think it’s clearly what caused The fusion of chromosomes 2A + 2B And development of FOXP2 protein Enabling evolution of humans from chimps
During the rule of the Ottoman Empire, some of the early Baha'is made the long pilgrimage from Persia to Akka to attain the presence of Baha'u'llah, the Founder of the Baha'i Faith. Haji Mulla Mehdi of Yazd was one such pilgrim, who in the company of his two sons, took the arduous journey on foot to pay homage to his Beloved. This journey of love enflamed the spirit of sacrifice and service in the hearts of Haji Mulla Mehdi's descendants, giving rise to three Hands of the Cause of God, and two Trustees of Huquq'u'llah across three generations. This is the story of their journeys. Faraneh Vargha-Khadem is one of the 22 great, great, grandchildren of Haji Mulla Mehdi Yazdi, and one of the three daughters of the late Hand of the Cause of God, and Trustee of Huquq'u'llah, Dr Ali Muhammad Varqa. Professionally, Faraneh is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health in London, UK. She is also the Clinical Academic Lead for the Department of Neuropsychology at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. Her research is focused on early brain injury and the development of brain circuits that underpin human attributes, such as episodic memory, and speech and language. She was part of the team that identified the FOXP2 gene, the so-called “speech gene” that may explain why humans talk and chimps do not! She is also credited with the discovery of the amnesic syndrome in children. To view the video visit our YouTube channel https://youtu.be/wy0TJyMlChs
We get more technical in this fourth episode of our series on language. We continue with the gradualist theory of the origins of language by looking at three key areas: the brain, speech production and gestures. We consider whether there are regions of the brain associated with language, whether there is a language gene and how the speech apparatus works. We also consider sign language and gestures and discuss whether these could have been the origins of language in humans and hominids like Homo erectus. Show notesThe Here and Now Podcast Language SeriesThe human language faculty as an organ. S. Anderson & D. Lightfoot (2000)Masters of the planet: The search for our human origins. I. Tattersall (2013)Natural language and natural selection. S. Pinker & P. Bloom (1990)The evolution of language – W. T. Fitch (2010)The faculty of language: What is it, who has it and how did it evolve? (Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch, 2002)Internal cranial features of the Mojokerto child fossil (East Java, Indonesia) (2005)Broca's area network in language function. B. Bernal, A. Ardila & M. Rosselli (2015)Birds share language gene with humansFOXP2 - WikipediaLanguage is in the genes Diverse genome upends understanding of how language evolvedEvolution of a single gene led to language Mirror neurons and the evolution of language. M. Corballis (2009)How language began: Gesture and speech in human evolution. D. McNeill (2012)The descended larynx is not uniquely human. W. T. Fitch & D. Reby (2001)From grunting to grabbing: Why humans can talk The truth about language: What it is and where it came from. M. Corballis (2017)The HeSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/thehereandnowpodcast)
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.23.263053v1?rss=1 Authors: Cherian, S., Cui, Q., Pamukcu, A., Berceau, B., Xenias, H., Higgs, M., Rajamanickam, S., Chen, Y., Du, X., Zhang, Y., McMorrow, H., Abecassis, Z., Boca, S., Justice, N., Wilson, C., Chan, C. S. Abstract: We have previously established that PV+ neurons and Npas1+ neurons are distinct neuron classes in the GPe: they have different topographical, electrophysiological, circuit, and functional properties. Aside from Foxp2+ neurons, which are a unique subclass within the Npas1+ class, we lack driver lines that effectively capture other GPe neuron subclasses. In this study, we examined the utility of Kcng4-Cre, Npr3-Cre, and Npy2r-Cre mouse lines (both males and females) for the delineation of GPe neuron subtypes. By using these novel driver lines, we have provided the most exhaustive investigation of electrophysiological studies of GPe neuron subtypes to date. Corroborating our prior studies, GPe neurons can be divided into two statistically distinct clusters that map onto PV+ and Npas1+ classes. By combining optogenetics,, and machine learning-based tracking, we showed that optogenetic perturbation of GPe neuron subtypes generated unique behavioral structures. Our findings further highlighted the dissociable roles of GPe neurons in regulating movement and anxiety. We concluded that Npr3+ neurons and Kcng4+ neurons are distinct subclasses of Npas1+ neurons and PV+ neurons, respectively. Finally, by examining local collateral connectivity, we inferred the circuit mechanisms involved in the motor patterns observed with optogenetic perturbations. In summary, by identifying mouse lines that allow for manipulations of GPe neuron subtypes, we created new opportunities for interrogations of cellular and circuit substrates that can be important for motor function and dysfunction. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.28.121459v1?rss=1 Authors: Clayton, K. K., Williamson, R. S., Watanabe, Y., Hancock, K. E., Tasaka, G.-i., Mizrahi, A., Hackett, T., Polley, D. B. Abstract: During active sensing, neural responses to sensory inputs directly generated by our own movements are suppressed. In the auditory cortex (ACtx), self-initiated movements elicit corollary discharge from secondary motor cortex (M2) that suppresses pyramidal neuron (PyrN) spiking via recruitment of local inhibitory neurons. Here, we observed that ACtx layer (L)6 PyrNs were also activated hundreds of milliseconds prior to movement onset, at approximately the same time as fast spiking inhibitory neurons. Most L6 PyrNs were corticothalamic (CT) cells, which all expressed FoxP2, a protein marker enriched in brain areas that integrate sensory inputs to control vocal motor behaviors. L6 CTs were strongly activated prior to orofacial movements, but not locomotion, and received ten times more direct inputs from the basal ganglia than M2. These findings identify new pathways and local circuits for motor modulation of sound processing and suggest a new role for CT neurons in active sensing. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
This episode of Books and Ideas is an interview with David Shariatmadari author of "Don't Believe a Word: The Surprising Truth About Language." We explore some of the common myths about language. This includes a follow up of our recent discussion on Brain Science about the evidence against the assumption that language is an instinctive. Links and References: Don't Believe a Word: The Surprising Truth About Language by David Shariatmadari Cognitive Gadgets: The Cultural Evolution of Thinking by Cecilia Heyes Interviewed in Brain Science 168 Pullum, GK and Schultz, BC, (2002) Empirical assessment of stimulus of poverty arguments. The Linguistic Review, 19, ?. Hsu, H J, and Bishop, DV (2014) Sequence-specific procedural learning deficits in children with specific language impairment. Developmental Science,17(3), 352-365. Tomblin, J B, Shribirg, L , Murray, J, Patil, S, and Williams, C. (2004). Speech and Language characteristics associated with a 7/13 translocation involving FOXP2. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 130, 97-?. Both books have extensive references. For more please see show notes of BS 168. Announcements: Coming in early May 2020: new expanded edition of re You Sure? The Unconscious Origins of Certainty by Virginia "Ginger" Campbell, MD. Sign up for Brain Science Newsletter for updates. Send email to docartemis@gmail.com or post voice feedback at http://speakpipe.com/docartemis. Books and Ideas is going on hiatus until November 2020 so that Dr. Campbell can work on her neuroscience writing project. Please subscribe in your favorite podcasting app so that you don't miss the next episode. Connect on Social Media: Twitter: @docartemis Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/booksandideas
Living overseas always guarantees new experiences (and new ways to eat cheese?). In this episode, your hosts Big and White welcome guest Seagull to the pod! She talks about her time doing research in Costa Rica, her current job in a research lab studying language learning genes (with cute birds!), and her dreams of moving to Germany. This episode brought to you by your friendly neighborhood vegetable seller (not a real sponsor). For more on FOXP2 research, listen to The Scientist Speaks: Birds on the Brain.
In this month's episode, we explore the neural mechanisms behind birdsong and what they tell us about human vocal learning and speech deficits in diseases such as autism spectrum disorder. Niki Spahich from The Scientist's Creative Services team spoke with Stephanie White, professor of Integrative Biology and physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles, to learn more. The Scientist Speaks is a podcast produced by The Scientist's Creative Services Team. Our podcast is by scientists and for scientists. Once a month, we will bring you the stories behind news-worthy molecular biology research. Special thanks to Dr. Stephanie White from the University of California, Los Angeles for the normal, isolate, FoxP2, and Cntnap2 birdsongs Dr. Yoko Yazaki-Sugiyama from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology for the Bengalese finch cross-fostered birdsongs The Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics at The Ohio State University for the American Robin bird sounds. If you enjoyed this episode, please subscribe to The Scientist Speaks on your favorite podcast platform. Music attribution: Danse Macabre Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Chegamos à segunda parte desse episódio duplo musical. Afinal, por que tem gente que consegue cantar bonito e outras não? Confira no papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza. *** Este é também o último episódio inédito de 2019 -- exceto para os apoiadores, que ainda terão conteúdo extra exclusivo! *** Convidado: Roger Carrer, músico e musicoterapeuta, doutorando no Departamento de Psicobiologia da Unifesp com o tema "Música e sincronização sensório-motora em crianças na idade escolar: relações com o perfil sensorial e o comportamento". OUÇA (40min 07s) Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza. Edição: Reginaldo Cursino. http://naruhodo.b9.com.br PARCERIA: ALURA A Alura tem mais de 50 cursos de gestão de marketing, mais de 100 cursos de inovação e gestão, e centenas de outros cursos em diversas áreas. Os cursos são rápidos, fáceis e estão todos disponíveis numa só matrícula -- e podem fazer a diferença na sua carreira. Aproveite o desconto de 10% para ouvintes Naruhodo no link: https://www.alura.com.br/promocao/naruhodo REFERÊNCIAS Castrati - La Voce Bianca: A Scientific Experiment {Aria, 'Ombra mai fu' from 'Xerxes' by Händel} - BBC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2ruG60IkXg Octavismo (baixo masculino): https://youtu.be/o8qu4OOQ_Dc What Singing Vocal Cords Look Like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6mLc9gOgVA "Weird Al" Yankovic - My Bologna (Audio) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hxLaFJf9Jk What does gender have to do with music, anyway? Mapping the relation between music and gender shorturl.at/cox14 Central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles in humans https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351146/ Laryngeal vibratory mechanisms: the notion of vocal register revisited https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18538982 Expression analysis of the speech-related genes FoxP1 and FoxP2 and their relation to singing behavior in two songbird species https://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/19/3682 Neural systems for vocal learning in birds and humans: a synopsis https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10336-007-0243-0 Molecular Mapping of Movement-Associated Areas in the Avian Brain: A Motor Theory for Vocal Learning Origin https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001768 Human-like brain hemispheric dominance in birdsong learning https://www.pnas.org/content/109/31/12782.short The singing neatherthals: http://tiny.cc/yej6gz Naruhodo #74 - Por que algumas músicas nos arrepiam? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-74-por-que-algumas-musicas-nos-arrepiam/ Naruhodo #181 - Por que soluçamos? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-181-por-que-solucamos/ Naruhodo #149 - Por que damos risada? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-149-por-que-damos-risadas/ Naruhodo #144 - Por que sentimos cócegas? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-144-por-que-sentimos-cocegas/ Naruhodo #206 - Por que choramos? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-206-por-que-choramos/ Naruhodo #179 - Por que ouvimos algumas músicas muitas vezes até cansar? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-179-por-que-ouvimos-algumas-musicas-muitas-vezes-ate-cansar/ Podcasts das #Minas: HOJE TEM #MulheresPodcasters https://open.spotify.com/show/2w3IfCyn2cAVrSrzVkwTcj https://hojetempodcast.com/ APOIE O NARUHODO! Você sabia que pode ajudar a manter o Naruhodo no ar? Ao contribuir, você pode ter acesso ao grupo fechado no Telegram, receber conteúdos exclusivos e ter vantagens especiais. Assine o apoio mensal pelo PicPay: https://assinaturas.picpay.com/naruhodopodcast
Todo mundo conhece alguém que canta tão bem que parece que nasceu pra isso. Já outras pessoas parecem que nunca poderão cantar afinado. Afinal, por que tem gente que consegue cantar bonito e outras não? Confira no papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza. Convidado: Roger Carrer, músico e musicoterapeuta, doutorando no Departamento de Psicobiologia da Unifesp com o tema "Música e sincronização sensório-motora em crianças na idade escolar: relações com o perfil sensorial e o comportamento". OUÇA (36min 00s) Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza. Edição: Reginaldo Cursino. http://naruhodo.b9.com.br PARCERIA: ALURA A Alura tem mais de 50 cursos de gestão de marketing, mais de 100 cursos de inovação e gestão, e centenas de outros cursos em diversas áreas. Os cursos são rápidos, fáceis e estão todos disponíveis numa só matrícula -- e podem fazer a diferença na sua carreira. Aproveite o desconto de 10% para ouvintes Naruhodo no link: https://www.alura.com.br/promocao/naruhodo REFERÊNCIAS Castrati - La Voce Bianca: A Scientific Experiment {Aria, 'Ombra mai fu' from 'Xerxes' by Händel} - BBC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2ruG60IkXg Octavismo (baixo masculino): https://youtu.be/o8qu4OOQ_Dc What Singing Vocal Cords Look Like https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6mLc9gOgVA "Weird Al" Yankovic - My Bologna (Audio) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hxLaFJf9Jk What does gender have to do with music, anyway? Mapping the relation between music and gender shorturl.at/cox14 Central nervous system control of the laryngeal muscles in humans https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1351146/ Laryngeal vibratory mechanisms: the notion of vocal register revisited https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18538982 Expression analysis of the speech-related genes FoxP1 and FoxP2 and their relation to singing behavior in two songbird species https://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/19/3682 Neural systems for vocal learning in birds and humans: a synopsis https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10336-007-0243-0 Molecular Mapping of Movement-Associated Areas in the Avian Brain: A Motor Theory for Vocal Learning Origin https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001768 Human-like brain hemispheric dominance in birdsong learning https://www.pnas.org/content/109/31/12782.short The singing neatherthals: http://tiny.cc/yej6gz Naruhodo #74 - Por que algumas músicas nos arrepiam? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-74-por-que-algumas-musicas-nos-arrepiam/ Naruhodo #181 - Por que soluçamos? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-181-por-que-solucamos/ Naruhodo #149 - Por que damos risada? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-149-por-que-damos-risadas/ Naruhodo #144 - Por que sentimos cócegas? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-144-por-que-sentimos-cocegas/ Naruhodo #206 - Por que choramos? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-206-por-que-choramos/ Naruhodo #179 - Por que ouvimos algumas músicas muitas vezes até cansar? https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-179-por-que-ouvimos-algumas-musicas-muitas-vezes-ate-cansar/ Podcasts das #Minas: MOLHO SHOUJO #MulheresPodcasters http://molhoshoujo.com APOIE O NARUHODO! Você sabia que pode ajudar a manter o Naruhodo no ar? Ao contribuir, você pode ter acesso ao grupo fechado no Telegram, receber conteúdos exclusivos e ter vantagens especiais. Assine o apoio mensal pelo PicPay: https://assinaturas.picpay.com/naruhodopodcast
El “gen del lenguaje” no es el único responsable de nuestra capacidad para hablar. Este gen se descubrió en una familia, llamada K.E., algunos de cuyos miembros no podían producir un lenguaje comprensible. Se descubrió que esta incapacidad se debía a una mutación en un único gen, conocido como FOXP2. El análisis genético de un grupo reducido de humanos, chimpancés, gorilas y orangutanes, reveló que los humanos poseían dos diferencias con respecto al resto de los animales en ese gen, lo que llevó a pensar que esas mutaciones son las que nos dieron la capacidad para hablar y nos hicieron humanos. Ahora, un grupo de científicos ha analizado la secuencia génica de FOXP2 en un grupo mucho más amplio de personas y ha descubierto que las poblaciones asiáticas y europeas sí poseen los dos cambios, pero no sucede lo mismo con la población africana. Dado que tanto unos como otros pueden hablar, la conclusión es que el “gen del lenguaje” no es tal.
This week I’m talking about our understanding of how humans differ genetically in order to have acquired speech, and how that understanding has changed based on current research. Here are the links to the articles I discuss: 1. A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder 2. Molecular evolution of FOXP2, … Continue reading "Episode 5 – Human Speech"
This week I’m talking about our understanding of how humans differ genetically in order to have acquired speech, and how that understanding has changed based on current research. Here are the links to the articles I discuss: 1. A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder 2. Molecular evolution of FOXP2, … Continue reading "Episode 5 – Human Speech"
C’est de voyages – ou plus exactement de séjours linguistiques – dont nous allons parler dans ce dixième épisode de Numériqu(ESS). Alix Paulmier, notre invitée, a fait un constat simple : il n’existe aucune offre adaptée pour que permettre aux jeunes handicapés d'apprendre une langue vivante en partant à l’étranger. Elle a donc décidé d’utiliser le numérique pour résoudre cette inégalité. Sa structure s’appelle FOXP2, un bel exemple de numérique inclusif à découvrir dans cette nouvelle édition de Numériqu(ESS).
La proteína FoxP2 es la encargada de la verborrea y se encuentra en altos niveles en el cerebro femenino
La proteína FoxP2 es la encargada de la verborrea y se encuentra en altos niveles en el cerebro femenino
Self-taught Professor of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Faraneh Vargha-Khadem has spent decades studying children with developmental amnesia. Her mission: to understand how we form memories of the events in our past, from things we've experienced to places we've visited and people we've met. She talks to Jim about the memories we lay down during our lives and the autobiographies stored in our brains that define us as individuals. Faraneh was also part of the team that identified the FoxP2 gene, the so called 'speech gene', that may explain why humans talk and chimps don't. Plus Faraneh discusses how her Baha'i faith informs her scientific thinking.
Center for Advanced Studies (CAS) Research Focus Evolutionary Biology (LMU) - HD
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 07.07.2014 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Evelyne Keitel, Prof. Dr. Marin Trenk | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Eveline Dürr
Center for Advanced Studies (CAS) Research Focus Evolutionary Biology (LMU) - SD
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 07.07.2014 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Evelyne Keitel, Prof. Dr. Marin Trenk | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Eveline Dürr
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 05.06.2014 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Joachim Burger, Prof. Mark Thomas | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Stephan
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 05.06.2014 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Joachim Burger, Prof. Mark Thomas | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Stephan
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 27.05.2014| Speakers: Prof. Dr. Johan Bolhuis, Prof. Dr. Harald Euler | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Beate Sodian
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 27.05.2014| Speakers: Prof. Dr. Johan Bolhuis, Prof. Dr. Harald Euler | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Beate Sodian
Center for Advanced Studies (CAS) Research Focus Evolutionary Biology (LMU) - HD
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 15.05.2014 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Enard, Prof. Dr. Eörs Szathmáry | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Gisela Grupe
Center for Advanced Studies (CAS) Research Focus Evolutionary Biology (LMU) - SD
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 15.05.2014 | Speakers: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Enard, Prof. Dr. Eörs Szathmáry | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Gisela Grupe
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 06.05.2014 | Speakers: Dr. Barbara Fruth, Prof. Henry Harpending | Introduction: Prof. Dr. Christof Rapp | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Wulf Schiefenhövel
In the CAS lecture series "Man in the Holocene: His Environment in the Light of Natural and Cultural Selection" researchers from different disciplines are discussing the questions which natural and cultural factors have influenced the evolution of man and how selection factors made by man might have an impact on biodiversity. | Center for Advanced Studies: 06.05.2014 | Speakers: Dr. Barbara Fruth, Prof. Henry Harpending | Introduction: Prof. Dr. Christof Rapp | Moderation: Prof. Dr. Wulf Schiefenhövel
Mich hat es umgehauen, ich liege flach. Doch nicht nur als Krankheitsvertretung hier ein FoxP2 von dasGehirn.info.: Gehirngerechtes Lehren und Lernen - das ist Inhalt der Neurodidaktik. Prof. Martin Korte spricht über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen, gibt aber auch ganz handfeste Tipps. In diesem ersten Teil des Gesprächs geht es primär um Lehren.
Ich bin immer noch im Schongang. Daher als weitere Krankheitsvertretung hier ein FoxP2 von dasGehirn.info.: Lehrer beklagen häufig, dass sie sich von den Eltern nicht unterstützt fühlen – in Teil 2 geht es darum, was Eltern zum Schulerfolg beitragen können. Und wie die Schüler selbst ihr Gehirn seiner Funktion entsprechend nutzen können.
Neurone vernetzen sich miteinander – das klingt simpel, ist aber ein hochkomplexer Prozess mit vielen Faktoren. Prof. Petra Wahle von der Ruhr-Universität Bochum erklärt, wie Glutamat die Zelle im sich entwickelnden Hirn kitzelt und am Leben hält.
Záznam Science Café o výzkumu a léčbě schizofrenie. SCHIZOFRENIE JAKO PORUCHA ZPRACOVÁNÍ INFORMACÍ Hosté: Prof. MUDr. Cyril Höschl, DrSc., FRCPsych., Psychiatrické centrum Praha, 3. lékařská fakulta UK MUDr. Filip Španiel, Ph.D., Psychiatrické centrum Praha Anotace vystoupení prof. Höschla: Podle neurovývojového modelu je skupina schizofrenních onemocnění definována jako porucha propojení důležitých okruhů v mozku („missconnection syndrome“). Zdá se, že primární poruchou u schizofrenie je skutečně porucha kognitivních funkcí (včetně tzv. kognitivní dysmetrie), zatímco prominentní příznaky jako bludy a halucinace jsou až důsledkem tohoto postižení. Do jisté míry komplementárním a podpůrným modelem této představy je Carlssonovo schéma patofyziologie psychotických poruch, které nastiňuje možný podíl GABA-ergní, dopaminergní, glutamátergní, noradrenergní, serotonergní a cholinergní neurotransmise na rozvoji psychotické symptomatiky. Na výstupu této poruchy je pestrá paleta příznaků, která svádí k představě heterogenní povahy onemocnění (Bleulerova „Gruppe der Schizophrenien“). Z toho důvodu se Centrum neuropsychiatrických studií v Praze zaměřuje na výzkum informačního zpracování jak v animálních modelech, tak v klinice (neuropsychologické testy). Při vypracování animálních modelů schizofrenie bylo naší skupinou zjištěno, že N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamát (NAAG) je neuroaktivní látka s vlastnostmi mediátoru, který v centrálním nervovém systému zajišťuje glutamátergní synaptický mechanizmus reprezentovaný jeho interakcí s NMDA-typem glutamátového receptoru (iGluR), tak i s G-proteiny spřaženými metabotropními glutamátovými receptory (skupina II mGluR). Zvýšené koncentrace tohoto neuropeptidu byly prokázány v mozku schizofreniků a jsou dávány do souvislosti s hypofunkcí glutamátergního systému v hipokampální formaci a ve fronto-parieto-striatální oblasti mozku. Tato hypofunkce je vysvětlována na podkladě inhibice NMDA receptoru vysokými hladinami NAAG v uvedených oblastech mozku schizofrenních nemocných. Výsledky dokládají, že submikromolární dávky NAAG (250 nmol), aplikované do postranních mozkových komor, mohou způsobit poškození až zánik některých populací neuronů, a to především v oblasti gyrus dentatus a v subiculu mladého potkana. Tento zánik neuronů byl charakterizován jednak kvantitativně a jednak na úrovni kvalitativního hodnocení elektronoptických snímků hipokampálních neuronů. Bylo prokázáno, že se jedná o nekrotický a nikoliv o apoptotický typ neuronální buněčné smrti. V rámci Centra se vyšetřují pomocí fMR a magnetické rezonanční spektroskopie (MRS) pacienti s diagnózou schizofrenie, u kterých se sleduje vztah mezi informačním “processingem” a výkonem v neurokognitivních testech v závislosti na klinickém stavu. V našem centru byla zavedena metodika kognitivního stimulačního paradigmatu mj. pomocí testu slovní plynulosti (“Verbal fluence”) a Stroopova testu. V sympoziu budou jednotlivé oblasti studia zpracování informací u schizofrenních pacientů přiblíženy populární a pro širší veřejnost srozumitelnou formou. Literatura: Bubeníková-Valešová V, Horáček J, Vrajová M, Höschl C. Models of schizophrenia in humans and animals based on inhibition of NMDA receptors, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.2008, 32:1014-1023 Horáček J., Bubeníková-Valešová V., Kopeček M., Páleníček T., Dockery C., Mohr P., Höschl C.: Mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs and the neurobiology of schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 20, 2006; 5:389-409 Horáček J. Kognitivní dysfunkce u schizofrenie, mechanismy farmakologického ovlivnění. Psychiatrie 2001; 5(Suppl.1): 14. Horáček J, Kopeček M, Španiel F, Hájek T, Linhartová L, Bělohlávek O. PET u schizofrenie. Psychiatrie 2001; 5(Suppl.1): 14. Horáček J, Španiel F. Terapie schizofrenie z pohledu neurovývojové teorie. Psychiatrie 2001; 5 (Suppl.1): 14. Šťastný F, Tejkalová H, Benešová O. Úloha glutamátergní neurotransmise v neurovývojové hypotéze schizofrenie. Psychiatrie 2001; 5(Suppl.1): 34. Anotace vystoupení dr. Španiela: Schizofrenie, řeč a gen FOXP2 Schizofrenie je multifaktoriální onemocnění, jehož příčiny přesně neznáme. Na nemoc, která má zcela uniformní geografický výskyt, můžeme hledět i z evoluční perspektivy. Schizofrenie je z větší části pod genetickou kontrolou. Nemocní mají zřetelně nižší fertilitu, zanechávají méně potomků. Za normálních okolností by onemocnění s časem z populace vymizelo. Protože se tak neděje, je možné, že disponující geny poskytují zároveň i evoluční výhodu. Příspěvek přináší řadu argumentů podporujících teorii, že onemocnění může mít spojitost s evolucí řeči a rozvojem sociálního mozku. V této souvislosti přináší i výsledky českého výzkumného projektu, který nalézá souvislost mezi změnami v morfologii mozku nemocných a variantou genu FOXP2. Závažné změny v jinak vývojově velmi konzervativním FOXP2 se odehrály na samém počátku speciace Homo sapiens. Podle mnohých byla tato mutace podkladem pro důležitou proměnu struktury mozku, který se takto stal lidským a obdařeným darem řečové komunikace. Platí tedy nemocní se schizofrenií daň za to, že je náš mozek takovým jakým je?
Auf dasGehirn.info gibt es das Interviewformat FoxP2. In der aktuellen Episode spreche ich mit Andreas Dresen über seinen aktuellen Film, "Halt auf freier Strecke". Es geht um Gehirn und Sterben, Banalität und Tragik, Sinn und Evolution.
Los Neandertales se toman nuestro podcast! Invitamos a Cristián Prado, profesor de Antropología de la U. de Chile, para conversar sobre los Neandertales. Evolución, la Antropología Cognitiva y el aporte de la Genética a la comprensión del porqué somos como somos. Cognición Extendida, Modelos Culturales, la “Eva Mitocondrial”, el sexo entre especies y la decodificación del genoma neandertal, el FOXP2 y el Microcephalin y la evolución del lenguaje y la cognición humana, todo al ritmo de Mogwai y Pearl Jam.
Los Neandertales se toman nuestro podcast! Invitamos a Cristián Prado, profesor de Antropología de la U. de Chile, para conversar sobre los Neandertales. Evolución, la Antropología Cognitiva y el aporte de la Genética a la comprensión del porqué somos como somos. Cognición Extendida, Modelos Culturales, la “Eva Mitocondrial”, el sexo entre especies y la decodificación del genoma neandertal, el FOXP2 y el Microcephalin y la evolución del lenguaje y la cognición humana, todo al ritmo de Mogwai y Pearl Jam.