Podcasts about Mbari

Biological oceanographer John Ryan joins Mongabay's podcast to discuss his team's multiyear study that examined vocalizations of baleen whales, including blue (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), and how this science is critical for understanding their feeding habits, and thus informing their conservation. The study found that these whales' songs rise and fall with their food supply, which provides valuable insights into how changing ocean conditions can affect their health and guide management measures. “Some of the research we did tracking the movement and ecology of blue whales helped our sanctuary [to] act on this long-term concern about ship strikes, and to join a program that is called Protecting Blue Whales and Blue Skies,” the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) researcher says. Subscribe to or follow the Mongabay Newscast wherever you listen to podcasts, from Apple to Spotify, and you can also listen to all episodes here on the Mongabay website. This episode is dedicated to the memory of Mongabay's East Africa editor, Ochieng' Ogodo. Read here about his life, legacy and achievements. Audio credit: Blue and humpback whale calls featured in this episode are courtesy of MBARI and John Ryan. Image credit: A humpback whale dips back beneath the surface of the ocean. Image courtesy of Cristina Mittermeier/SeaLegacy. ------- Timecodes (00:00) Marine heatwaves and their impact (06:33) Analyzing whale songs (12:30) A change in tune (20:13) Interspecies communication? (25:16) The reason behind the heat (27:36) Informing conservation (36:52) Credits

Send us a textDr. Marcia McNutt, Ph.D. is President of the National Academy of Sciences ( https://www.nasonline.org/directory-entry/marcia-mcnutt-6apamq/ ), where she also chairs the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and serves a key role in advising our nation on various important issues pertaining to science, technology, and health.From 2013 to 2016, Dr. McNutt served as editor-in-chief of the Science journals. Dr. McNutt is a geophysicist who prior to joining Science, was director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and science adviser to the United States Secretary of the Interior from from 2009 to 2013. During her tenure, the USGS responded to a number of major disasters, including earthquakes in Haiti, Chile, and Japan, and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Dr. McNutt led a team of government scientists and engineers at BP headquarters in Houston who helped contain the oil and cap the well. She directed the flow rate technical group that estimated the rate of oil discharge during the spill's active phase. For her contributions, she was awarded the U.S. Coast Guard's Meritorious Service Medal.Before joining the USGS, Dr. McNutt served as president and chief executive officer of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), in Moss Landing, California. During her time at MBARI, the institution became a leader in developing biological and chemical sensors for remote ocean deployment, installed the first deep-sea cabled observatory in U.S. waters, and advanced the integration of artificial intelligence into autonomous underwater vehicles for complex undersea missions.From 2000 to 2002, Dr. McNutt served as president of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). She was chair of the Board of Governors for Joint Oceanographic Institutions, responsible for operating the International Ocean Drilling Program's vessel JOIDES Resolution and associated research programs.Dr. McNutt is a National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI)-certified scuba diver and trained in underwater demolition and explosives handling with the Underwater Demolition Team (UDT) of the United States Navy and the United States Navy SEALs.Dr. McNutt began her academic career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she was the E.A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics and directed the Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, jointly offered by MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Her research area is the dynamics of the upper mantle and lithosphere on geologic time scales, work that has taken her to distant continents and oceans for field observations. She is a veteran of more than a dozen deep-sea expeditions, on most of which she was chief or co-chief scientist.Dr. McNutt received a B.A. in physics from Colorado College and her Ph.D. in Earth sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. She holds honorary doctoral degrees from the Colorado College, the University of Minnesota, Monmouth University, the Colorado School of Mines, University of Miami, Uppsala University, Michigan State University, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, George Washington University, Boston University, Texas A&M University, Indiana University Bloomington, and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. #MarciaMcNutt #NationalAcademyOfSciences #Convergence #USGeologicalSurvey #ScienceMagazine #MontereyBayAquariumResearchInstitute #AmericanGeophysicalUnion #MIT #Geoscience #EarthScience #Physics #STEM #Innovation #Science #Technology #Research #ProgressPotentialAndPossibilities #IraPastor #Podcast #Podcaster #Podcasting #ViralPodcastSupport the show

With the professor momentarily pinned down in Perth, we thought it would be the ideal moment for him to talk to us all about his local waters, the great Australian deep sea. Did you know that 70% of Australian waters are deeper than 1000m? Now that's a lot of deep sea! We hear from the Minderoo-UWA Deep Sea Research Centre's deputy director, Dr Todd Bond about the huge array of marine geographical features and biodiversity in Australia's waters. Plus, Alan clears up some ongoing Australian-isms that have left him confused. We also check in with our resident squid expert - Dr Kat Bolstad after the highly anticipated Squidtember comes to a close. Did you vote for your favourite squid, and if so, how did they score? We reckon Alan's recent videos from the Tonga Trench (that he teased last episode) might've had a subtle influence… Thanks again for tuning in, we'll deep-see you next time! ------------------------------------------------------------------ Support us by becoming a patron and joining our deep-sea community! We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us: Gaelle | Bharathy Singaravel ------------------------------------------------------------------ Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own comments on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com   Read the show notes and find out more about us at: www.armatusoceanic.com ------------------------------------------------------------------  Further resources NEWS/Articles mentioned New remote sensing technology allows for detailed measurements of deep-sea environments New chimaera just dropped 100 million year old microbes found 75 m below the seabed are still alive Biotwang mystery solved Octopoteuthis - Same sex spermatangea implantation Ceph Ref - Demo site & GoFundMe ‘Puppet' squid Grimalditeuthis - Article and MBARI video   People mentioned Kat Bolstad - Head of AUT Squid Squad lab in Aukland, New Zealand Sarah McAnulty - Squid biologist, science communicator & purveyor of squid facts Meg Mindlin - Cephalopod biologist, illustrator, photographer & science communicator Ryan Howard - Cephalopod vision, AUT Squid Squad Todd Bond - Deep-sea ecologist & Deputy Director of the Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre Andrew Stewart - Curator of Fishes at Te Papa Museum, New Zealand   Song of the month Charlie the Unicorn - In the ocean blue Youtube & Spotify ------------------------------------------------------------------  Credits Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image - The Deep-Sea Podcast Edited by - Georgia Wells

A mile under the ocean, we get to watch an octopus perform a heroic act of heart and determination.First aired back in 2020, this episode follows the story of an octopus living one mile under the ocean as she performs a heroic act of heart and determination.In 2007, Bruce Robison's robot submarine stumbled across an octopus settling in to brood her eggs. It seemed like a small moment. But as he went back to visit her, month after month, what began as a simple act of motherhood became a heroic feat that has never been equaled by any known species on Earth. This episode was reported and produced by Annie McEwen. Special thanks to Kim Fulton-Bennett and Rob Sherlock at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Support Radiolab today at Radiolab.org/donate.  If you need more ocean in your life, check out the incredible Monterey Bay Aquarium live cams (especially the jellies!): www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/live-camsHere's a pic of Octomom sitting on her eggs (© 2007 MBARI), Nov. 1, 2007. We have some exciting news! In the “Zoozve” episode, Radiolab named its first-ever quasi-moon, and now it's your turn! Radiolab has teamed up with The International Astronomical Union to launch a global naming contest for one of Earth's quasi-moons. This is your chance to make your mark on the heavens. Submit your name ideas now through September, or vote on your favorites starting in November: https://radiolab.org/moonSign-up for our newsletter!! It includes short essays, recommendations, and details about other ways to interact with the show. Sign up (https://radiolab.org/newsletter)!Radiolab is supported by listeners like you. Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab (https://members.radiolab.org/) today.Follow our show on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @radiolab, and share your thoughts with us by emailing radiolab@wnyc.org.Leadership support for Radiolab's science programming is provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Science Sandbox, a Simons Foundation Initiative, and the John Templeton Foundation. Foundational support for Radiolab was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

If you're afraid of the dark, you should avoid the “midnight zone” in the oceans. It's so far down that no sunlight ever reaches it. The zone's inhabitants include creatures with bulging eyes and big, sharp teeth, and some with bright, wiggling “lures” to attract prey.One inhabitant also looks like the stuff of nightmares, but it's a threat only to small fish and other tiny creatures: Stygiomedusa gigantea—the giant phantom jelly. Its “body”—known as a bell—is about three feet across. It can expand to several times that size, though, perhaps to wrap up its prey.Four “arms” trail away from the bell. They can be more than 30 feet long, and they wave through the currents like a ripped-up bedsheet in a summer breeze.The arms are classified as “mouth” arms—they sense prey in the dark ocean, then grab it and pull it up to the stomach. But unlike many jellies, the arms don't have stingers.The giant phantom jelly has been spotted in all the world's oceans except the Arctic. But it's not easy to see because it usually stays deep—anywhere from a few thousand feet to about four miles. In fact, since the first one was reported, in 1899, scientists have logged only a few more than a hundred confirmed sightings.Despite the lack of sightings, biologists say the giants may be common—but hidden in the dark waters of the midnight zone.

In this episode, I speak with Irene Mbari-Kirika. Irene shares her story of coming face to face with the challenges of young people with disabilities, and her journey to do something about it. Irene founded InAble over 16 years ago with the mission of helping the visually impaired in schools in Kenya with assistive technology. inAble has reached over 15,000 students, enabling them to learn and to gain the skills today's world demands. Irene talks about the arduous journey of setting up her organisation from scratch, and incrementally growing it with persistence, consistence, creativity and resilience. And we reflect on why helping with disabilities in Africa was a concept that took years to resonate until inclusion became more ‘mainstream' over the past 2 years. Irene mentions the book Creative Leadership: Born from Design by Rama Gheerawo.Recorded on 24 July 2023.Instagram: @at.the.coalfaceConnect with Irene on LinkedIn at linkedin.com/in/irene-mbari-kirika/ and at inable.org.And don't forget to subscribe to At the Coalface for new episodes every two weeks.Help us produce more episodes by becoming a supporter. Your subscription will go towards paying our hosting and production costs. Supporters get the opportunity to join behind the scenes during recordings, early access to episodes and my deep gratitude!Support the show

Our short and to the point PRESSURISED version of episode 38. If you don't have time for the full episode and want to get right to the science without any of our waffle, this is the place to be! Read the show notes and find the full episode here: www.armatusoceanic.com/podcast/038-jellies   The Professor is back on land and Dr Thom is back from Squid Christmas, what a better time to talk about the squishiest of deep sea critters? We talk with George Matsumoto from MBARI all about gelatinous deep sea species. How do we study them? How on earth can we preserve them or even capture their fragile bodies? Plus, we find out exactly what that curious little blue spiky blob was.   We're really trying to make this project self-sustaining so we have started looking for ways to support the podcast. Here's a link to our page on how to support us, from the free options to becoming a patron of the show. We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us: Jay Thompson | Sam Watson | Lucy Goodwin Thanks again for tuning in, we'll deep-see you next time!   DID YOU KNOW WE SELL MERCH? Check it out here!! And please do send in any pics of you wearing the merch!     Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own comments on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com We'd love to actually play your voice so feel free to record a short audio note!   FOLLOW US ON SOCIAL MEDIA! Twitter: @DeepSeaPod, @ArmatusO Facebook:DeepSeaPodcast, ArmatusOceanic Instagram: @deepsea_podcast, @armatusoceanic Keep up with the team on social media Twitter: Alan - @Hadalbloke, Thom - @ThomLinley, Georgia - @geeinthesea Instagram: Georgia - @geeinthesea   Read the show notes and find out more about us at: www.armatusoceanic.com   FURTHER RESOURCES LINKS Our Patreon Megan (@studio_mbj) painted supergiant amphipods feeding on some bait based on one of Alan's images.  MBARI's website MBARI's internship program  MBARI's Deep-Sea Guide MBARI's animals of the deep  MBARI's seminars    MORE INFO ABOUT GEORGE MATSUMOTO George's bio Matsumoto, G.I., L.M. Christianson, B.H. Robison, S.H.D. Haddock, and S.B. Johnson. 2022. Atolla reynoldsi sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Coronatae, Atollidae): A new species of coronate scyphozoan found in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Animals, 12(6): 742. doi.org/10.3390/ani12060742 Matsumoto, G.I., B. Bentlage, R. Sherlock, K. Walz, and B.H. Robison. 2019. “Little Red Jellies” in Monterey Bay, California (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae). Frontiers in Marine Science 6:      doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00798 Raskoff, K.A. and G.I. Matsumoto. 2004. Stellamedusa ventana, a new mesopelagic scyphomedusae from the eastern Pacific representing a new subfamily, the Stellamedusinae. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 84(4274):1-6.DOI:10.1017/S0025315404008884h  Matsumoto, G.I, K.A. Raskoff, and D. Lindsay. 2003. Tiburonia granrojo, a new mesopelagic scyphomedusa from the Pacific Ocean representing the type of a new subfamily (Class Scyphozoa, Order Semaeostomeae, Family Ulmaridae, Subfamily Tiburoniiae subfam nov.). Marine Biology. 143 (1): 73-77. DOI:10.1007/s00227-003-1047-2   CREDITS Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image - PRESSURISED

The Professor is back on land and Dr Thom is back from Squid Christmas, what a better time to talk about the squishiest of deep sea critters? We talk with George Matsumoto from MBARI all about gelatinous deep sea species. How do we study them? How on earth can we preserve them or even capture their fragile bodies? Plus, we find out exactly what that curious little blue spiky blob was. We're really trying to make this project self-sustaining so we have started looking for ways to support the podcast. Here's a link to our page on how to support us, from the free options to becoming a patron of the show. We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us: Jay thompson Sam watson Lucy goodwin Thanks again for tuning in, we'll deep-see you next time!   Check out our podcast merch here! Which now includes Alan's beloved apron and a much anticipated new design...    Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com We'd love to actually play your voice so feel free to record a short audio note!   We are also on: Twitter: @DeepSeaPod, @ArmatusO Facebook: DeepSeaPodcast, ArmatusOceanic  Instagram: @deepsea_podcast, @armatusoceanic   Keep up with the team on social media Twitter:  Alan - @Hadalbloke (https://twitter.com/Hadalbloke) Thom - @ThomLinley (https://twitter.com/ThomLinley)  Georgia - @geeinthesea (https://twitter.com/geeinthesea)    Instagram:  Georgia - @geeinthesea (https://www.instagram.com/geeinthesea/)    Read the show notes and find out more about us at: www.armatusoceanic.com   Links: Kat Bolstad and the Squid Squad @ALCESonline on twitter Read about the latest squid-Christmas here: Fascinating finds from NIWA's annual squid survey | NIWA   Megan Jones - artist and friend of the show @studio_mbj on Instagram   Fragments from beyond our solar system found in the Pacific: https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/avi-loeb-harvard-professor-alien-technology-fragments/ Shot Towers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_tower   Oarfish is spotted which is ‘twice the size of peter crouch' https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/divers-discover-huge-deep-sea-30467032   Cookie cutters sharks go to town on a swordfish: https://www.instagram.com/tkoffshorefishing/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=f7ed8cc8-e207-4684-9ddd-099458087401   Dumbo octopus seen to migrate opposite to diel vertical migration in order to find prey: https://phys.org/news/2023-07-deep-sea-imagery-reveal-octopus-behavior.html   I have been playing Fathomvers! From Fathomnet. You can get on as a beta tester https://www.fathomverse.game/   Guest links - George Matsumoto MBARI's internship program - https://www.mbari.org/about/careers/internships/ MBARI's Deep-Sea Guide - http://dsg.mbari.org/dsg/home MBARI's animals of the deep - https://www.mbari.org/education/animals-of-the-deep/   social https://www.youtube.com/user/MBARIvideo https://twitter.com/MBARI_news https://www.tiktok.com/@mbari_news https://www.linkedin.com/company/monterey-bay-aquarium-research-institute-mbari-/mycompany/ https://www.instagram.com/mbari_news/   papers Matsumoto, G.I., L.M. Christianson, B.H. Robison, S.H.D. Haddock, and S.B. Johnson. 2022. Atolla reynoldsi sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Coronatae, Atollidae): A new species of coronate scyphozoan found in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. Animals, 12(6): 742. doi.org/10.3390/ani12060742   Matsumoto, G.I., B. Bentlage, R. Sherlock, K. Walz, and B.H. Robison. 2019. “Little Red Jellies” in Monterey Bay, California (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae). Frontiers in Marine Science 6: doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00798 Raskoff, K.A. and G.I. Matsumoto. 2004. Stellamedusa ventana, a new mesopelagic scyphomedusae from the eastern Pacific representing a new subfamily, the Stellamedusinae. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 84(4274):1-6.DOI:10.1017/S0025315404008884h   Matsumoto, G.I, K.A. Raskoff, and D. Lindsay. 2003. Tiburonia granrojo, a new mesopelagic scyphomedusa from the Pacific Ocean representing the type of a new subfamily (Class Scyphozoa, Order Semaeostomeae, Family Ulmaridae, Subfamily Tiburoniiae subfam nov.). Marine Biology. 143 (1): 73-77. DOI:10.1007/s00227-003-1047-2     Credits Christmas in July - Millington Snow Miser/Heat Miser Youtube Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image - Johan Swanepoel

 Christopher A. Scholin is the President and CEO of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and has been a driving force behind groundbreaking research since 2009. He started his professional journey as a research assistant professor at the University of South Carolina at Columbia. Driven by a passion for merging molecular biology and ecology, Chris joined the esteemed Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (MIT/WHOI) Joint Program in Biological Oceanography. In 2021, he was honored with the Lockheed Martin Award for Ocean Science and Engineering from the Marine Technology Society. Chris holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Biology with Highest Honors from the University of California, Santa Barbara and a Master of Business Administration degree in Molecular Biology and Immunology from Duke University. Chris continues to engage in research projects and maintains an impressive scientific portfolio. Today, you'll hear Chris and I discuss his childhood fascination with the ocean and how it led him to pursue a career in oceanography. He explains how he accidentally became the CEO of MBARI and delves into his contributions to the development of advanced oceanic technology. He describes his early experiences with scuba diving, his interest in laboratory science and technology, and how he combined these interests to pursue a career in oceanography. He recounts his unconventional path into oceanography and discusses his exposure to molecular biology and biotech and how he saw these fields as a way to combine his passion for oceanography and technology. You'll also learn about the challenges of working in ocean science and the importance of taking risks and being willing to make mistakes. "Sometimes you gotta follow your heart. If it's something you wanna do, give it a try." - Chris Scholin This week on Kathy Sullivan Explores: ●     Chris's childhood fascination with the ocean●     Learning to scuba dive in St. Louis, Michigan●     How a librarian changed the course of Chris's career●     How Chris learned to follow his heart ●     Applying molecular biology and biotech to oceanography●     What algae blooms can teach us ●     How to differentiate between similar-looking organisms ●     The legacy of David Packard on MBARI●     The upside of taking risks ●     How mistakes can lead to important discoveries●     The challenges of overseeing senior scientists Our Favorite Quotes: ●     “Only about 30% of the sea floor of the entire earth has been mapped in any detail.” - Chris Scholin●     “The tide of popular opinion about whether it was even, even feasible was really against me. I just had to stand my ground and keep trying my best and proving it could work.” - Chris Scholin Connect with Chris Scholin: ●     Chris Sholin Website●     Chris Scholin on LinkedIn●     MBARI on LinkedIn Spaceship Not Required I'm Kathy Sullivan, the only person to have walked in space and gone to the deepest point in the ocean. I'm an explorer, and that doesn't always have to involve going to some remote or exotic place. It simply requires a commitment to put curiosity into action. In this podcast, you can explore, reflecting on lessons learned from life so far and from my brilliant and ever-inquisitive guests. We explore together in this very moment from right where you are--spaceship not required. Welcome to Kathy Sullivan Explores. Visit my website at kathysullivanexplores.com to sign up for seven astronaut tips to improving your life on earth and be the first to discover future episodes and learn about more exciting adventures ahead! Don't forget to leave a rating and review wherever you get your podcasts! Spotify I Stitcher I Apple Podcasts I iHeart Radio I TuneIn I Google I Amazon Music.

Welcome back to today's episode! Today we're talking about another recent article about a pod of orcas attacking another boat in Europe. Then I found an interesting study from MBARI about Deep Sea Squid and how they figured out that they have longer life spans then other squids. To finish it off I talk about a video taken back in 2022 when a video suction cup was attached to a humpback whale and the footage they got was amazing! As always be sure to leave us your feedback on out Instagram page or message us. Do you have any topic suggestions for future episodes? We'd love to hear them! If you'd like to help support the podcast you can visit our Patreon page to get additional bonus footage and special perks! https://www.patreon.com/Oceanloverspodcast?fan_landing=true&view_as=public THANK YOU! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/oceanlovers/support

Welcome back to another episode! In today's episode we talk about mysteries of the deep! There's so much to cover when it comes to the deep sea and there's even more we haven't uncovered yet. We mention a few articles from NOAA and MBARI about advanced technology with ROV's, interesting critters found, and mystery holes on the sea floor! We also have a big announcement in the episode so be sure to tune in for that! Thanks so much for listening. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/oceanlovers/support

With better and more affordable remote-operated vehicle and video technology, more data and footage is being collected every day. But that leads to another problem, how do you analyze petabytes worth of data? Join us on this episode of Ocean Science Radio, where we meet one of the minds behind FathomNet, and some of the teams that are using this fantastic big data tool for the ocean. We speak with: Dr. Kakani Katija - FathomNet co-founder and lead of the Bioinspiration Lab for MBARI Megan Cromwell - Research Program Manager for NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Corinne Bassin - Data Solutions Architect with Schmidt Ocean Institute

Sperm Swim Together To Help Each Other Reach The Egg New research is complicating our understanding of how, exactly, sperm are able to reach eggs. The predominant theory is that sperm compete against each other, with the strongest swimmer fertilizing the egg. But a new study, using cow sperm, suggests that sperm might actually swim together, forming clusters to help each other swim upstream to reach the egg. Researchers created a device that has some of the features of a female reproductive tract, which they tested using a polymer substance that mimics cervical mucus. The intensity of the flow of this mucus-like fluid influenced how well the sperm clustered together. The faster the flow, the more likely the sperm were to band together to swim upstream. Ira talks with Dr. Chih-Kuan Tung, associate professor of physics at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University about his research on sperm motility, and how it could improve infertility testing in the future.   Mars Rover, Move Over: Making A Rover To Explore The Deep Sea   When you hear the word ‘rover,' it's likely your brain imagines another planet. Take Mars, for instance, where the steadfast rolling science labs of Perseverance and Curiosity—and the half dozen robotic rovers before them—slowly examine the geology of the Red Planet for signs of past habitability. But Earth has rovers too. The autonomous, deep-sea Benthic Rover II, engineered by researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), trawls a desolate surface too—this one 4,000 meters below the surface of the ocean, on a cold abyssal plain, under the crushing weight of 6,000 pounds per square inch of pressure. Deep beneath the surface, the rover is seeking data about carbon: What carbon sources make it down to such a deep sea floor? And does that carbon return to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, where it might contribute to global warming, or sequestered safely as an inert part of the ocean sediment? Ira Flatow talks to engineer Alana Sherman and ecologist Crissy Hufford, both of MBARI, about the work it takes to make a rover for the deep sea, and the value of its data as we look to the future of our oceans.   Ukraine's Ongoing Tragedy Inspires Teenage Inventor To Locate Landmines Igor Klymenko is a 17-year-old inventor from Ukraine, and he recently won the Chegg.org Global Student Prize—a $100,000 award given to a young change-maker. Klymenko won it for his invention, the Quadcopter Mines Detector, which is designed to locate underground landmines. The issue of unexploded landmines cannot be understated—some estimates show there could be about 100 million of them scattered across the globe. Klymenko is a student at both the University of Alberta in Canada and the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute in Ukraine. He joins Ira this week to talk about the Quadcopter Mines Detector, and how he's trying to help his home country, Ukraine, through engineering.   Getting the Dirt On The World Of Competitive Soil Judging If you're looking for a new sport or hobby to try, forget about rock climbing or kitesurfing. If you don't mind getting a bit dirty, consider competitive soil judging—a contest in which contestants work to best analyze, identify, and describe the layers of soil in a 5-foot-deep trench dug into a field. People can compete either individually, or in a team format, where different members of the team work to describe the soil's characteristics—from color, to grain size, to how it interacts with water. Clare Tallamy, a senior at Virginia Tech majoring in environmental science, recently won the individual competition in an international soil judging contest held in Scotland as part of the 2022 World Congress of Soil Science. She joins Ira to describe how soil judging works, gives an introduction to soil taxonomy, and explains the practical significance of being able to excel at judging a sample of soil.   Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.  

Our short and to the point PRESSURISED version of episode 26. If you don't have time for the full episode and want to get right to the science without any of our waffle, this is the place to be!   Read the show notes and find the full episode here: https://www.armatusoceanic.com/podcast/026-vision   After recovering from you-know-what last episode, we're excited to complete our open-water/pelagic trilogy with this week's guest Professor Justin Marshall. Justin is an expert on all things vision, and talks us through all of the intricacies and oddities of vision in the deep sea. We discuss how fish eyes have evolved in order to adapt to the darkness of the deep, and how exactly they are able to see bioluminescence. Justin's research has been highly influential, so we ask him more about his discoveries of mantis shrimp vision, and how he found out that cephalopods were colour-blind! We also couldn't let him leave without getting some of the stories from his time living in the underwater habitat for weeks, and how this led to somewhat horrifying fungal consequences. The deep sea has seen a flurry of activity this month with lots of news to cover! MBARI has released a fascinating new video of a deep-sea squid brooding eggs. We cover some more paleo-news with surprising historical deep-sea temperatures and the discovery of new brine pools in the Red Sea. It wouldn't be the Deep-Sea Podcast without checking in with Don Walsh as he talks us through the history of submarine windows. And we also hear from a listener and find out how snailfish got their name.   Check out our podcast merch! Which now includes Alan's beloved apron.   Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com We'd love to actually play your voice so feel free to record a short audio note!   We are also on Twitter: @DeepSeaPod, @ArmatusO Facebook: DeepSeaPodcast, ArmatusOceanic Instagram: @deepsea_podcast, @armatusoceanic   Glossary Abyssopelagic – open water 4-6 km (13,000 to 20,000 ft) deep Bathypelagic – also known as the midnight zone, open water roughly 1-4 km (3,300-13,000 ft) deep Bathytheuthis berryi – A deep sea squid which has been observed brooding eggs Euphotic zone – the surface and well-illuminated zone Hadalpelagic – open water >6 km deep Mesopelagic – also called the twilight zone, starts where 1% of light reaches and ends where there is none, roughly 200-1,000 m (656-3,280 ft) deep Pelagic – open ocean, away from the shore and the bottom Photic zone – the depth that light penetrates Rod/Cone cells – two types of photoreceptors which are used by animals to detect light to be able to ‘see'. Underwater habitat – A structure created to allow people to live underwater for extended periods. Often used for research by aquatic biologists.   Links Justin's Research Group News article on the historical temperatures of the deep Atlantic ocean as warm as the Mediterranean Original article published in Science on the historical Mediterranean-like temps of the deep sea MBARI capture incredible video of a brooding squid, Bathytheuthis berryi New brine pool discovered in the Red Sea https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/07/220712102631.htm Scientists discover the reason why deep-sea corals fluoresce The ‘milky' Java sea is caught on camera Justin's article on cephalopod colouration and sensitivity to light   Credits Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image Justin's Research Group

Read the show notes and find out more about us at: https://www.armatusoceanic.com/podcast/026-vision   After recovering from you-know-what last episode, we're excited to complete our open-water/pelagic trilogy with this week's guest Professor Justin Marshall. Justin is an expert on all things vision, and talks us through all of the intricacies and oddities of vision in the deep sea. We discuss how fish eyes have evolved in order to adapt to the darkness of the deep, and how exactly they are able to see bioluminescence. Justin's research has been highly influential, so we ask him more about his discoveries of mantis shrimp vision, and how he found out that cephalopods were colour-blind! We also couldn't let him leave without getting some of the stories from his time living in the Atlantis underwater habitat for weeks, and how this led to somewhat horrifying fungal consequences. The deep sea has seen a flurry of activity this month with lots of news to cover! Our favourite cryptozoologist, Tyler Greenfield is at the epicentre of a monster-misunderstanding. Thom's upset as yet another innocent fish is labelled the ‘ugliest creature ever seen' by fishermen, but this time it's a more familiar face. We also cover some more paleo-news with surprising historical deep-sea temperatures and the discovery of new brine pools in the Red Sea. Alan gives us an insight into his upcoming adventures at sea and we find out why he isn't the biggest fan of documentarians. It wouldn't be the Deep-Sea Podcast without checking in with Don Walsh as he talks us through the history of submarine windows. And we also hear from a listener and find out what snailfish and The Kardashians have in common…     Check out our podcast merch! Which now includes Alan's beloved apron.   Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com We'd love to actually play your voice so feel free to record a short audio note!   We are also on Twitter: @DeepSeaPod, @ArmatusO Facebook: DeepSeaPodcast, ArmatusOceanic Instagram: @deepsea_podcast, @armatusoceanic   Glossary Abyssopelagic – open water 4-6 km (13,000 to 20,000 ft) deep Bathypelagic – also known as the midnight zone, open water roughly 1-4 km (3,300-13,000 ft) deep Bathytheuthis berryi – A deep sea squid which has been observed brooding eggs Coprophage – An animal that eats poop Cryptozoology – The study of species whose existence is rumoured or disputed. Euphotic zone – the surface and well-illuminated zone Hadalpelagic – open water >6 km deep Loch Ness – A loch (large freshwater lake) in the Scottish Highlands which is best known for the alleged sightings of the ‘Loch Ness Monster' since 1933. Mesopelagic – also called the twilight zone, starts where 1% of light reaches and ends where there is none, roughly 200-1,000 m (656-3,280 ft) deep Monkfish – A wide-mouthed commonly-found fish who perhaps isn't the most beautiful, but definitely could be considered tasty. Pelagic – open ocean, away from the shore and the bottom Photic zone – the depth that light penetrates Rod/Cone cells – two types of photoreceptors which are used by animals to detect light to be able to ‘see'. Underwater habitat – A structure created to allow people to live underwater for extended periods. Often used for research by aquatic biologists. Links We Build Spaceships Spotify YouTube   Justin's Research Group Justin also has a citizen science program called Coral Watch which allows divers to report on coral health   Tyler's blog on cryptozoology and his Twitter @TylerGreenfieId   News article dubbing yet another innocent fish as ‘the ugliest thing fisherman has ever seen'.   News article on the historical temperatures of the deep Atlantic ocean as warm as the Mediterranean Original article published in Science on the historical Mediterranean-like temps of the deep sea   MBARI capture incredible video of a brooding squid, Bathytheuthis berryi A paper on this squid   New brine pool discovered in the Red Sea   The ‘milky' Java sea is caught on camera   Justin's article on cephalopod colouration and sensitivity to light   Credits Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image Justin's Research Group

In this episode, Audrow Nash speaks to Ben Raana, who is a software engineer at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). MBARI uses robots to monitor and explore the oceans to better understand climate change and other topics. Ben speaks about how robotics is enabling ocean research, the challenges of putting a robot in the ocean, how their robot platform works, and how they are working towards long–term deployments.EPISODE LINKS:– MBARI’s website: https://www.mbari.org/– MBARI’s Github: https://github.com/mbari–org– LRAUV Simulation Repository: https://github.com/osrf/lrauv– Ben’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ben–yair–raanan–76330a133/PODCAST INFO:– Podcast website: https://sensethinkact.com– Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/sense–think–act/id1582090036– Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/52wK4oMDvgijRk6E82tC5d– RSS: https://sensethinkact.com/itunes.xml– Full episodes: https://www.youtube.com/c/SenseThinkActPodcast– Clips: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChfnCpNwZzYtZ32J–pZvNDgOUTLINE:– (0:00:00) Start– (0:01:15) Introducing Ben and MBARI– (0:06:16) Understanding human impact on the ocean– (0:17:24) Using robots for scalability– (0:32:38) Collecting ocean data– (0:49:19) Describing their ocean robots– (0:51:49) Power management– (0:53:52) Varying the buoyancy– (0:55:57) Their robot's cost– (0:58:09) Communicating with the robot– (1:00:49) Failure management + safety precautions– (1:05:32) Growing the fleet– (1:14:06) Simulation with Gazebo + open source– (1:26:42) Future of missions– (1:32:12) Advice for those looking to contribute to ocean researchSOCIAL:– Twitter: https://twitter.com/sense_think_act– Discourse: https://discourse.ros.org/c/sensethinkact/71

"In order to understand life in the ocean, we need to understand not just the forms of life, but also their environment, their very dynamic environment."A conversation with John Ryan (Sr Research Specialist at MBARI) about the nature of underwater sounds. Presented by Longitude fellow Melisa Acimis. See transcript. Visit our series page. As part of our Longitudes of Imagination theme, we are exploring the roles of individuals, technologies and research in ocean science and space technology. In this series, the fellows share highlights from their conversations with scientists and the members of NOAA's soundscape monitoring project at the U.S. Marine Sanctuaries. What are they hearing underwater? What are they measuring? Who are they? And What are we learning? Tune into Longitude Sound Bytes episodes 105-110 for our conversations and explore the ocean sounds in the SanctSound Data Portal at https://sanctsound.ioos.us.This podcast is a production of Longitude.site, a 501(c)3 nonprofit charitable organization that empowers college students and recent graduates with experiences in leading informational interviews and presenting podcast episodes. If you would like to support/sponsor our programming, we would love to hear from you. Please visit our giving portal at Longitude.site/support or write to us at podcast@longitude.site.If you enjoy our episodes, please share them with your friends and family. Thank you!Support the show

Ethan Slattery joined us to talk about animals, animal trackers, and how they work. Ethan works for Wildlife Computers. They use the Argos Network for data transfer. He was previously at MBARI and worked with Engineers for Exploration as an undergraduate. Ethan is also known as CrustyAuklet on Twitter and Github. He also has an Instagram page.  Things mentioned in the show you might want to know more about: Nautilus Live is a streaming YouTube channel from an ROV exploring the oceans. They have periodic dives where you can ask scientists about what they are seeing, while they are seeing it. Watch discoveries happen in real-time. Or watch the highlight reels on YouTube. Ze Frank also has a YouTube channel about animals called True Facts that it is … not as scientifically minded. And sometimes NSFW. Start with the True Facts about the Ocotupus.  (Note he did a parody of a Nautilus Live dive).  The Genius of Birds by Jennifer Ackerman Penguin, pangolin, whale shark, weta, you might have heard about those but what about the cassowary? In-depth documentary video, people on the internet are idiots video, and Wikipedia. Transcript

Slater and Adam had quite the encounter with some less frequently sighted killer whales in Monterey Bay. They shared their experience on the episode this week. This is also a great time of year to remind everyone of the places you can see whales from shore as they migrate down the coasts of the US and around the Hawaiian islands. You can also see elephant seals from shore in California as they enter their breeding and pupping season.  We wrapped up the episode talking about a recently announced unusual find off the California coast by MBARI - a Columbian mammoth tusk

Nikka interviews Dr. Darrin Schultz, a research scientist at MBARI, about ctenophores, also known as comb jellies. He helps us get to know these beautiful animals - look out for part 2, when we'll learn more about how studying ctenophores can teach us about animal evolution.

This week we talked quite a bit about sound, mostly from the frame of humpback whales. We all have been listening to the MBARI hydrophone off and on this week (let's be honest, we listen to it all the time) and this is the time of year that the humpbacks start to making vocalizations that sound more and more like song.  We are so excited to have Research Specialist John Ryan from MBARI speak at Whalenerds Weekend next month! If you join the trip you can enjoy a dinner with him and Wil Oestrich, and ask them questions after their presentation. In the meantime, listen to the hydrophone like we do. https://www.mbari.org/soundscape-listening-room/   We also talked about some recent research papers about humpback whales singing on a feeding ground in the North Atlantic in the winter time, and some potential universal components of humpback whale calls that are consistent and persistent across time and space.

InABLE's Website: https://inable.org/Irene's LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/irene-mbari-kirika/Facebook Page: https://www.linkedin.com/in/irene-mbari-kirika/Instagram:  @inableorgTwitter:  https://twitter.com/inABLEorg

In this episode of Trivia Talks, We are honored to host Ujjwal Gadhvi. Ujjwal is an MBA in Marketing, Qualified Chartered Accountant, Influencer, Content Creator, Content Writer, TEDx Speaker, and Certified Coach, having reached 8,00,000+ People on Instagram through his content. He spread Motivation and Wisdom in the form of short videos that leave viewers with something to think about. He also hosted events and engaged audiences on multiple occasions. In this episode, we will discuss his Roller Coaster Journey. Listen Now. Follow us on Instagram: www.instagram.com/trivia_talks Ujjwal Gadhvi Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ujjwal_gadhvi/?hl=en : https://www.linkedin.com/in/ujjwal-d-gadhvi-09854582/ Tarun Mundhra LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/tarunmundhra Instagram: www.instagram.com/tarun_mundhra _________________________________________________________________________________ Check out these cool products on Amazon- Maono AU-A04 podcast mic - https://amzn.to/2E9ljNF Mi Headphone - https://amzn.to/3cacdwO Green Screen - https://amzn.to/3hG1efJ Clip Mic - https://amzn.to/32EPK7W #Podcast #podcasts #podcasting #podcaster #podcasters #podcastlife #podcastshow #podcastlove #podcastaddict #podcasthost #podcastersofinstagram #podcastmovement #PodcastJunkie #podcastinglife #podcastnetwork #PodcastSeries #podcastincolor #podcastone #PodcastDay #podcastepisode #podcastrepublic #podcastnews #podcastawards #podcastlifestyle #podcastenespa #podcastlistening #PodcastMafia #podcastapp #podcastinterview #podcaststudio #educator #mba #mbappe #mbapp #mbarmenia #mbakfotokopi #MBALife #mbaawesome #mbandf #mbaddict #mbamg #mbar #mbacosmetics #mbam #MBAND #MbahNun #MBAmbassador #MBaba #MBabaConsulting #mbadiaries #MBARI #mbardot #mbastudent #mbav #mbahman #mbainterview #mbakberto #MBAadmissions #MBAapplicant #MBAapplication #mbafotokopi --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/trivia-talks/message

Alana Sherman of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI, @MBARI_News) spoke with us about engineering for deep sea environments and jelly creatures. Alana’s MBARI page notes that she worked on DeepPIV and the Benthic Rover. She is also a part of the BioInspiration Lab. Larvaceans: image search, short video, or (my favorite!) the long video. It is probably too late to purchase tshirts but… in case it isn’t, here is the link.

Die Namibiese Ministerie van die Omgewing is besig met die rehabilitasie van dele van die padnetwerk in die Etosha Nasionale Park in 'n poging om toeriste en toeroperateurs terug te lok wat die park vermy weens die swak padinfrastruktuur. Die Minister van die Omgewing Pohamba Shifeta sê sowat 190km van die Etosha padnetwerk sal gerehabiliteer word. 50km se grondpad vanaf Mbari na Olifantsrus is reeds gerehabiliteer teen 'n koste van 32 miljoen Namibiese doller. Minister Shifeta...

Have I mentioned that it's been an intense year? Haha! My sense is that it's not going to mellow out any time soon, so in this episode, I explore what it means to me, to go with the flow. Understanding the planetary alignments and the energy that comes with them is a powerful way to interpret the way we're feeling and also have compassion for the people around us. Understanding how to work with the energy in a beneficial way instead of resisting it can allow more flow, grace, and ease in our lives. After a week of feeling very heavy, stuck, and unmotivated, I thought it would be helpful to share how I processed this energy and allowed myself to rest when needed. Taking small steps towards the bigger dreams and vision right now is key. We may not get the instant gratification we'd like, but we will lay the foundation for realizing these visions in the future. No matter what's going on in your life right now, it's important to know how to respond with actions that will work with the energy instead of reacting and resisting the energy. If you've found yourself frustrated or aggravated lately, just know that there are bigger forces at play and we can choose to go with the flow or swim against the riptide. It's up to you. Mentioned in the episode:Third Eye Science episode #18 with Dr. Peg Capers.Rose Theodora's podcast.To Be Magnetic with Danielle Beinstein on Navigating Astrology for 2020.The Astrology Hub Podcast: September Forecast: Hold your fire with Rick Levine.Paramatma Siri Sadhana's Space Weather Transmissions.MBARI's Deep RelaxOcean playlist.Check out the sustainable yoga products I mentioned in the episode at shaktiwarriorshop.com and use the promo code WARRIORSUSAN at check out for 10% off. If you would like to work one-on-one with me, learn more here. I've recently become a Kundalini Reiki master and will be offering kundalini diamond reiki, reiki to heal karmic bands, specific situations, past lives, DNA, birth trauma, location healing. Please check out my session options and contact me if you are interested. Get updates about my offerings directly to your inbox by signing up for my newsletter. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and enter your email address. Follow the journey on Instagram @thirdeyescience and like the Facebook page where you'll find resources on yoga, meditation, the science of spirituality, and self-care.To help support the show, please tell a friend, share on social media, subscribe, rate, and review on your favorite podcast platform.

In every moment, we have a choice in how we are perceiving the world. Amidst the chaos, we can choose to see the magic and miracles happening every day, every moment, all around us. Whether it's not knowing exactly how you feel about this whole pandemic, or homeschooling, working from home, or unexpectedly not working at all, you have the choice to interpret the situation. It's up to you whether the tumult we are experiencing is lifting you up or bringing you down. I share some of the magical—even miraculous—things happening in my life in the last couple of weeks and some of the not-so-magical things that I've chosen to infuse with some of my own intentional magic. Good or bad, or irrelevant, it depends on the perspective you bring. Mentioned in the episode:Check out last week's episode with Sat Devibir.Episode #8 with Sat Devbir Singh and the Bonus episode #8 Healing Transmission from Archangel Metatron.Check out this Deep RelaxOcean, featuring a beautiful deep-sea comb jelly accompanied by a guided mediation by yours truly!Treasure and Turmoil in the Deep Sea: An NYT OpEd on the impacts of deep-sea mining by MBARI deep-sea biologist Stave Haddock and Scripps oceanographer Anela Choy. Check out those world's most comfortable yoga leggings and other sustainable yoga products at shaktiwarrior.com and use the promo code WARRIORSUSAN at check out for 10% off. If you would like to work one-on-one with me, learn more here. I've recently become a Kundalini Reiki master and will be offering kundalini diamond reiki, reiki to heal karmic bands, specific situations, past lives, DNA, birth trauma, location healing. Please check out my session options and contact me if you are interested. Get updates about my offerings directly to your inbox by signing up for my newsletter. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and enter your email address. Follow the journey on Instagram @thirdeyescience and like the Facebook page where you'll find resources on yoga, meditation, the science of spirituality, and self-care.To help support the show, please tell a friend, share on social media, subscribe, rate, and review on your favorite podcast platform.

Dave traveled to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) earlier this summer where he learned about many of the institute's scientific programs. In this episode we look at the use of sound to study the oceans and the life that inhabits them. MacArthur Foundation Fellow Kelly Benoit Bird uses sonar for her MBARI research to study how animals find food sources in the vast oceanic environment.

Far below the surface of the Pacific Ocean is a lab run by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, MBARI. From here, scientists have been studying deep-sea communities, and they’ve been at it now for over 30 years. This was cause for a special issue of the journal Deep-Sea Research Part II , in which marine scientists published 16 papers about their findings.

In 2007, Bruce Robison’s robot submarine stumbled across an octopus settling in to brood her eggs. It seemed like a small moment. But as he went back to visit her, month after month, what began as a simple act of motherhood became a heroic feat that has never been equaled by any known species on Earth. This episode was reported and produced by Annie McEwen.  Special thanks to Kim Fulton-Bennett and Rob Sherlock at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Center. And thanks to the Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra for the use of their piece, “Concerto for Bassoon & Chamber Orchestra: II. Beautiful.”  Support Radiolab today at Radiolab.org/donate.   If you need more ocean in your life, check out the incredible Monterey Bay Aquarium live cams (especially the jellies!): www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/live-cams  Here’s a pic of Octomom sitting on her eggs, Nov. 1, 2007.   (© 2007 MBARI)  

In 2007, Bruce Robison’s robot submarine stumbled across an octopus settling in to brood her eggs. It seemed like a small moment. But as he went back to visit her, month after month, what began as a simple act of motherhood became a heroic feat that has never been equaled by any known species on Earth.  This episode was reported and produced by Annie McEwen.  Special thanks to Kim Fulton-Bennett and Rob Sherlock at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. And thanks to the Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra for the use of their piece, “Concerto for Bassoon & Chamber Orchestra: II. Beautiful.”  Support Radiolab today at Radiolab.org/donate.   If you need more ocean in your life, check out the incredible Monterey Bay Aquarium live cams (especially the jellies!): www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/live-cams  Here’s a pic of Octomom sitting on her eggs, Nov. 1, 2007.   (© 2007 MBARI)  

Most of us feel good about recycling. But many of us are "aspirational" recyclers—when you're not sure if it's recyclable, you put it in the recycle bin, including plastic bags, plastic wrap and anything that looks remotely recyclable. In reality, that low-quality, flimsy plastic isn't really recyclable and we're mucking up recycling plants with it, making it harder for the processing of the real recyclables. Even more alarming: much of our waste never makes it to the recycling plant or the landfill. On the long journey to those destinations, much of our waste winds up on the streets, then in storm drains and into our waterways. You know where all waterways lead, right? To the ocean. Recent studies are finding that our plastic waste is making its way to the furthest reaches of the ocean, from the deep seafloor, to the guts of deep-sea fish and other animals. So what can we do about this and what does all of this have to do with our spiritual evolution? I believe that we came here not only to evolve as individual souls, but to also help planet Earth—Gaia— evolve. How can life on earth evolve when we are choking it in plastic? As stewards of this beautiful, blue planet, we owe it to ourselves, to our environment and to our children to clean things up. The only sure-fire way to make sure your waste doesn't get into the ocean is to create less waste. That means not only carrying reusable bags, bottles and utensils, but choosing products that are NOT wrapped in plastic. I know it's hard, but we have so much power as consumers and this is the only way we will see change. Resources for this episode:Great read from The Atlantic: Is this the end of recycling? MBARI research on trash in the deep sea: I was a co-author, on this 2013 article, which was one of the first studies to report trash on the deep seafloor. Watch the video.MBARI and Monterey Bay Aquarium researchers reported in this 2019 article, for the first time, that just as much microplastic is found in the deep midwater as at the sea surface. Watch the video, which I co-produced. MBARI research on plastic in the ocean. Why the Ocean Cleanup Project isn't working. Learn more about my journey on Instagram @thirdeyescience—be sure to check out the stories, which are updated daily! You can also like our Facebook page where you'll find resources on yoga, meditation, the science of spirituality, and self care. I offer intuitive healing sessions in which I use energy work, crystals healing, reiki, and my intuitive gifts to empower you to connect with your Greater Being and heal your Self. Please contact me on Instagram, Facebook, or email to schedule a session either in person or as a distance session over the phone.To help support the show, please tell a friend, share on social media, subscribe, rate and review on your favorite podcast platform. More information on www.thirdeyescience.comMusic by www.bensound.com

In this episode, just like the previous ones, we would be exploring the Igbo Alusi. Our focus in this episode is Amadioha. Amadioha, (also known as Kamalu) is a major Igbo god, considered as the god of Thunder/War. He is the most popular Igbo Deity, among all the gods in Igbo cosmology.AMADIOHA (god of thunder) belongs to the category or group of divinities which is said to manifest the wrath of the Supreme Being, and they symbolize the thunderbolt or the meteorite stone with which God hurls to strike to death the wicked or evildoers.Thus, Amadioha falls into the class of gods known as war divinities often depicted in the Mbari house by a statue of a man holding a gun. Other ethnic groups in Nigeria have their own local names for war divinities or gods of thunder just like the Igbos. Sokogba, Ogiuwu, Eto, Itiri, Egba, Sango, Jakuta, Oramfe, and many more.You can listen to this episode of Story of the gods at Jamit.fm.

In this episode, just like the previous ones, we would be exploring the Igbo Alusi. Our focus in this episode is Amadioha. Amadioha, (also known as Kamalu) is a major Igbo god, considered as the god of Thunder/War. He is the most popular Igbo Deity, among all the gods in Igbo cosmology.AMADIOHA (god of thunder) belongs to the category or group of divinities which is said to manifest the wrath of the Supreme Being, and they symbolize the thunderbolt or the meteorite stone with which God hurls to strike to death the wicked or evildoers.Thus, Amadioha falls into the class of gods known as war divinities often depicted in the Mbari house by a statue of a man holding a gun. Other ethnic groups in Nigeria have their own local names for war divinities or gods of thunder just like the Igbos. Sokogba, Ogiuwu, Eto, Itiri, Egba, Sango, Jakuta, Oramfe, and many more.You can listen to this episode of Story of the gods at Jamit.fm.

In this episode, just like the previous ones, we would be exploring the Igbo Alusi. Our focus in this episode is Amadioha. Amadioha, (also known as Kamalu) is a major Igbo god, considered as the god of Thunder/War. He is the most popular Igbo Deity, among all the gods in Igbo cosmology.AMADIOHA (god of thunder) belongs to the category or group of divinities which is said to manifest the wrath of the Supreme Being, and they symbolize the thunderbolt or the meteorite stone with which God hurls to strike to death the wicked or evildoers.Thus, Amadioha falls into the class of gods known as war divinities often depicted in the Mbari house by a statue of a man holding a gun. Other ethnic groups in Nigeria have their own local names for war divinities or gods of thunder just like the Igbos. Sokogba, Ogiuwu, Eto, Itiri, Egba, Sango, Jakuta, Oramfe, and many more.You can listen to this episode of Story of the gods at Jamit.fm.

Two part show, 1st half, Dr. Steven Haddock of MBARI talks about the mysterious and alien world of jellies, specifically "By the Wind Sailors" that wash ashore in mass in spring time on the west coast. 2nd half of the show, Geoff Shester of Oceana talks about protecting forage fish (sardines) in CA and whats happening with conservation and management of these commercially valuable but ocean food web valuable species.

In this episode of Beneath the Subsurface we turn back time with Daniel Orange, our ONE Partner for multibeam technology and seafloor mapping - and incredible storyteller - and Duncan Bate, our Director of Project Development in the Gulf of Mexico and Geosciences. Dan takes Duncan and Erica on an expansive journey through time to meet a special variety of archea that dwell in the impossible oases surrounding sea bottom vents. We also explore the relatively recent discoveries in geoscience leading to seafloor mapping and how seep hunting offshore can enrich the exploration process today. TABLE OF CONTENTS00:00 - Intro03:35 - What is a seep?09:06 - The impossible oasis11:45 - Chemotrophic life24:15 - Finding seeps26:51 - The invention of multibeam technology30:11 - Seep hunting with multibeam32:48 - Seismic vs. multibeam34:43 - Acquiring multibeam surveys44:32 - The importance of navigation46:20 - Water column anomalies49:12 - Seeps sampling and exploration56:23 - Multibeam targets59:12 - Multibeam strategy1:03:11 - Reservoir content1:06:44 - A piece of the puzzle1:10:21 - ConclusionEXPLORE MORE FROM THE EPISODELearn more about TGS in the Gulf of MexicoOtos MultibeamEPISODE TRANSCRIPTErica Conedera:00:00:12Hello and welcome to Beneath the Subsurface a podcast that explores the intersection of Geoscience and technology. From the Software Development Department here at TGS. I'm your host, Erica Conedera. For our fourth episode, we'll welcome a very special guest speaker who offers a uniquely broad perspective on the topic of sea floor mapping. We'll learn about the technology of multibeam surveys, why underwater oil seeps are the basis of life as we know it and how the answer to the age old question of which came first, the chicken or the egg is the Sun. I'm here today with Duncan Bate, our director of projects for the US and Gulf of Mexico. Do you want to go ahead and introduce yourself Duncan?Duncan Bate:00:00:56Sure, yeah, thanks. I basically look after the development of all new projects for TGS in the, in the Gulf of Mexico. I'm here today because a few years ago we worked on a multi beam seep hunting project in the Gulf of Mexico. So I can share some of my experiences and - having worked on that project.Erica:00:01:15Awesome. And then we have our special guest star, Dan Orange. He is a geologist and geophysicist with Oro Negro exploration. Hi Dan.Dan Orange:00:01:24Good morning.Erica:00:01:25Would you like to introduce yourself briefly for us?Dan:00:01:28Sure. Let's see, I grew up in New England, Texas, so I went to junior high school, just a few miles from where we're recording this. But I did go to MIT where I got my bachelor's and master's degree in geology, then went out to UC Santa Cruz to do my PhD and my PhD had field work both onshore and offshore and involved seeps. So we'll come back to that. And also theoretical work as well. I had a short gig at Stanford and taught at Cal State Monterey Bay and spent five years at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. Again, pursuing seeps. I left MBARI and started working with the oil patch in 1997 and it was early days in the oil industry pushing off the shelf and heading toward deep water and seeps were both a bug and a feature. So we started applying seep science to the oil industry and have been doing that for oh, now 21-22 years.Dan:00:02:32The entire time that I was at Embargin, and working with the oil patch. And in fact, ongoing, I do research for the US Navy through the Office of Naval Research. It started out involving seeps and canyon formation and it's evolved into multibeam seafloor mapping and acoustics. And that continues. So in the oil patch I was with AOA geophysics, we formed a company AGO to commercialize controlled source EM sold that to Schlumberger. And then we formed an oil company, Black Gold Energy, that would use seeps as a way to, go into oil exploration. And we sold that to NYKO, since leaving Black Gold with Oro Negro. We've been teaming with TGS since 2014 so now going on five years mapping the sea floor, I think we just passed one and a quarter million square kilometers, mapping with TGS as we mapped the sea floor and sample seeps, pretty much around the world for exploration.Erica:00:03:35Awesome. So let's begin our discussion today with what is a seep, if you can elucidate that for us.Dan:00:03:41So a seep is just what it sounds like. It's, it's a place on the earth's surface where something leaks out from beneath. And in our case it's oil and gas. Now seeps have been around since the dawn of humanity. The seeps are referenced in the Bible and in multiple locations seeps were used by the ancient Phoenicians to do repairs on ships they use as medicines and such. And in oil exploration seeps have been used to figure out where to look for oil since the beginning of the oil age. In fact that, you know, there seeps in, in Pennsylvania near Titusville where colonel Drake drilled his first well, where Exxon, had a group of, of people that they call the rover boys that went around the world after World War II looking for places on the Earth's surface that had big structures and oil seeps.Dan:00:04:39Because when you have a seep at the sea floor with or on the Earth's surface with oil and gas, you know that you had organic matter that's been cooked the right amount and it's formed hydrocarbons and it's migrating and all those things are important to findings, you know, economic quantities of oil and gas. So seeps have been used on land since the beginning of oil and gas exploration. But it wasn't until the 1990s that seeps began to affect how we explore offshore. So that's seeps go back to since the dawn of humanity, they were used in oil exploration from the earliest days, the 1870's and 80's onward. But they've been used offshore now since the mid 1990s. So that's, that's kind of, that seeps in context.Duncan:00:05:31But it's actually the, I, the way I like to think about it, it's the bit missing from the, "What is Geology 101" that every, everyone in the oil and gas industry has to know. They always show a source rock and a migration to a trap and a seal. But that actually misses part of the story. Almost every basin in the world has leakage from that trap, either, either directly from the source rock or from the trap. It either fills to the spill point or it just misses the trap. Those hydrocarbons typically make their way to the surface at some point-Dan:00:06:04at some point and somewhere. The trick is finding them.Duncan:00:06:08Yeah, that's the seep. And thus what we're interested in finding.Erica:00:06:12As Jed Clampett from the Beverly hillbillies discovered.Erica:00:06:15Exactly.Dan:00:06:15I was going to include that!Erica:00:06:19Yes.Dan:00:06:19Jed was out hunting for some food and up from the ground came a bubbling crude. That's it.Erica:00:06:27Oil that is.Dan:00:06:29Black gold.Erica:00:06:29Texas tea.Dan:00:06:30That's right. So that's that seep science. So today what we're going to do is we're going to talk about seep communities offshore because what I hope to be able to, you know, kind of convince you of is if oil and gas leak out of the sea floor, a seep community can form. Okay. Then we're going to talk about this thing called multibeam, which is a technique for mapping the sea floor because where you get a seep community, it affects the acoustic properties of the sea floor. And if we change the acoustic properties of sea floor or the shape of the sea floor with this mapping tool, we can identify a potential seep community and then we can go sample that.Dan:00:07:14And if we can sample it, we can analyze the geochemistry and the geochemistry will tell us whether or not we had oil or gas or both. And we can use it in all sorts of other ways. But that's where we're going to go to today. So that's kind of, that's kind of a map of our discussion today. Okay. So as Duncan said, most of the world, he Duncan talked about how in- if we have, an oil basin or gas basin with charge, there's going to be some leakage somewhere. And so the trick is to find that, okay. And so, we could, we could look at any basin in the world and we can look at where wells have been drilled and we can, we can look at where seeps leak out of the surface naturally. And there's a correlation, like for example, LA is a prolific hydrocarbon basin. Okay. And it has Labrea tar pits, one of the most charismatic seeps on earth cause you got saber tooth tigers bubbling outDuncan:00:08:18It's literally a tourist attraction.Dan:00:08:20Right there on Wilshire Boulevard. Okay. And it's a hundred meters long by 50 meters wide. So a hundred yards long, 50 yards wide. And it, that is an oil seep on, on the earth surface in LA okay.Duncan:00:08:32Now, it's important to mention that they're not all as big as that.Dan:00:08:34No, no. Sometimes they're smaller. It could just literally be a patch of oil staining in the sand.Erica:00:08:41Really, that's little.Duncan:00:08:41Oh yeah. I mean, or just an area where there's a cliff face with something draining out of it or it, you know, it could be really, really small, which is easy to find onshore. You know, you send the rover boys out there like you mentioned, and you know, geologists working on the ground, they're going to find these things eventually. But the challenge, which we've been working on with, with the guys from One for the last few years, and now is finding these things offshore.Dan:00:09:06So let's, let's turn the clock back to 1977. Alvin, a submarine, a submersible with three people in it went down on a Mid-ocean Ridge near the Galapagos Islands. And what they found, they were geologists going down to map where the oceanic crust is created. But what they found was this crazy community, this incredible, oasis of life with tube worms and these giant columns with what looked like black smoke spewing into the, into the ocean. And so what they found are what we now call black smokers or hot vents, and what was so shocking is the bottom of the ocean is it's a desert. There's no light, there's very little oxygen, there's not a lot of primary food energy. So what was this incredible, oasis of life doing thousands of meters down on, near the Galapagos Island? Well, it turns out that the base of the food chain for those hot vents are sulfide rich fluids, which come spewing out of the earth and they fuel a chemically based, community that thrives there and is an oasis as there because there's so much energy concentrated in those hot sulfide rich fluids that it can support these chemically based life forms.Dan:00:10:34So that's 1977 in 1985 in the same summer, chemically based life forms, but based on ambient temperature, water, not hot water were found in the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of Oregon that same summer, 1985 in the Gulf of Mexico, the base of the food chain, what was fueling this chemical energy was hydrocarbons, oil and gas, and off the coast of Oregon, what was fueling it was hydrogen sulfide. So this is 1985, the year I graduated college. And so I started graduate school in 1986 and part of my research was working with the group that was trying to figure out the plumbing that was bringing these chemically rich fluids up to the earth's surface that were feeding this brand new community of life. You know, what we now call cold seeps. So, we, you know, depending on what you had for breakfast today, you know, eggs or pancakes or had your coffee, all the energy that we've got coursing through our veins right now is based upon photosynthesis.Dan:00:11:45We're either eating plants that got their energy from sunlight or we're eating eggs that came from chickens that eat the plants that can, where the came from, sunlight. Everything in our world up here is based upon photosynthesis. So, but the seep communities, the hot vents and the black smokers and the cold seeps, the base of the food pyramid is chemical energy. So they're called chemosynthetic communities or chemoautotrophic because the bacteria get their trophic energy, the energy that they need to live from chemicals. And so the bacteria utilize the chemicals and organisms have evolved to host these bacteria inside their bodies. And the bacteria metabolize the chemical energy to produce the enzymes that these larger organisms need to live. So these larger organisms can include clams, tube worms, the actual bacteria themselves. But, so the kind of how does this work is- let's get, because if we understand how seeps work and we know that seeps can be based upon oil and gas seepage, then you'll understand why we're using these seeps to go out and impact, oil and gas exploration.Dan:00:13:09So the- at the bottom of the ocean, we have a little bit of oxygen, but as we go down into the sediments, below the surface, we, we consume all that oxygen and we get to what's called the redox boundary to where we go from sulfate above it to hydrogen sulfide below it. And so below this redox boundary, we can have methane, we can have oil, but above that redox boundary, the methane will oxidize and the oil will be biodegraded and eaten by critters and whatnot. Now, living at that boundary, are bacteria who metabolize these compounds, and that's where they get the energy they need to live. These bac- Okay, now kind of turned the clock even farther back before the earth had an oxygen atmosphere, the only way that organisms got energy to live was from chemicals. Okay? So before we had algae and we created this oxygen atmosphere that we breathe billions of years ago, the organisms that lived on earth were chemosynthetic.Dan:00:14:13So these bacteria survive today and they live everywhere where we cross this redox boundary. Okay? So there they're actually archaea, which are some of the most primitive forms of bacteria, and I'm not a biologist, so I can't tell you how many billions of years ago they formed, but they're ancient and they're living down there.Erica:00:14:33So they haven't changed since then. They're basically the same?Dan:00:14:36Nope.Erica:00:14:36Wow.Dan:00:14:36They figured out a way to get energy to survive. It works.Erica:00:14:40Why change it?Dan:00:14:41If you're an Archea, right? So they're living down there at that redox boundary. Now, if we have seepage-seepage, is the flow of liquids. You actually lift that redox boundary. And if you have enough seepage, you can lift that boundary right to the sediment water interface. If you step in a pond and you smell that, sulfide, that rotten egg smell, your foot has gone through the redox boundary.Dan:00:15:08Okay? And you've disturbed some archaea down there and they'll get nudged aside. They'll go find someplace else. Okay? So with seepage, we lift the redox boundary to the sediment water interface and, and the bacteria are there and they're ready to utilize the reduced fluids as their source of energy. And so you can see them, we have pictures. You can do an internet search and say, you know, bacteria chemosynthetic bacteria and images and look at and look at photos of them. They it, they look like, okay, when you put the Guacamole in the back of the fridge and you forget it for three weeks and you open it up, that's what they look like. It's that fuzzy. It's this fuzzy mat of bacteria. And those are the bacteria. They're out there. They're metabolizing these fluids. Okay. Now in the process of metabolizing these fluids, they produce the bacteria, produce enzymes like ATP.Dan:00:16:01And I wish my partner John Decker, was here because he would correct me. I think it's adinase triphosphate and it's an enzyme that your body produces and sends out to basically transmit chemical energy. Okay. Now at some point in geologic time, and I'll, I'll actually put a number on this in a second. The larger fauna like clams and tube worms, evolve to take advantage of the fact that the bacteria are producing energy. And so they then evolve to use the bacteria within themselves to create the energy that they need to live. Okay? So, what happens is these seep fauna produce larva, the larva go into, you know, kind of a dormant stage and they're flowing around the ocean. And if they sense a seep, okay. They settle down and they start to grow and as, and then they, they, they, the bacteria become part of them.Dan:00:16:56They're the, the clams. You open a clam in the bacteria live in the gills. Okay. And so they'd grow and, and so these clams and tube worms start to grow and they form a community. Okay. So that a clam, what a clam does these clams, they stick their foot into the, into the sediment and they absorb the reduced fluids into their circulation system. They bring that, that circulating fluid to their gills where the bacteria then metabolize these reduced fluids and send the enzymes out to the tissues of the clam so it can grow. So this clam does not filter feed like every other clam on the planet. The tube worms that host these bacteria in them don't filter feed. So the base of the food chain is chemosynthetic. But the megafauna themselves, don't get their energy directly from methane or hydrogen sulfide. They get their energy from the bacteria, which in the bacteria, you know, the bacteria happy, they'll live anywhere.Dan:00:17:59But sitting here in a clam, they get the reduced fluids they need to live and they grow. Now it's what's cool for us as, as seep hunters is different species have evolved to kind of reflect different types of fluids. So if you know a little bit about seep biology, when you pick up like a batheum Modiolus mussel, you go, Huh? There could be oil here. Okay. Because that particular mussel is found in association with, with oil seeps. Okay. So that we won't go too far down that path, but there are different organisms. The important thing is that these communities, form again an oasis of life, a high concentration of life where we have a seep. Now, the oldest seep community that I'm aware of is Devonian. So that's between 420 and 360 million years. It's found in the high atlas mountains of Morocco.Dan:00:18:58And that seep community, a fossil seep community includes the same types of clams in tube worms that we find today. Okay. But they're also found with authigenic carbonate. Okay. Which is like limestone. And so, and that limestone in cases, this fossil seep community and has preserved it for hundreds of millions of years. So where does limestone come from? So remember we've got methane, CH4 in our, in some of our seep fluids. Well, if that's oxidized by bacteria, cause they're going to get energy from the methane they produced bicarbonate, which is HCO3 as a negative charge on it. And that bicarbonate, if it sees calcium, they like each other. And so they'll form calcium carbonate, limestone. And since sea water is everywhere saturated with calcium, if we have a natural gas seep, the bacteria will oxidize in natural gas and the bicarbonate will grab the calcium to form this cement.Dan:00:20:04Now deep enough in the ocean, it actually is acidic enough that that cement will start to dissolve. So we just have this, we have a factory of of bacteria. It might be dissolving some places, but most of the places we look, the carbonate doesn't dissolve. So we've got clams, tube worms, we've got the limestone authigenic carbonate, and if the pressure and temperature are in the right field, that methane can also form this really cool substance called gas hydrate and gas hydrate is a clathrate the, it's a combination of water and methane where the water forms an ice-like cage and the methane sits in that cage. And so you can light this on fire in your hand and the gas will burn. Nice yellow flame will go up from your hand and the cage will melt. The ice melts. So you get cold water on your hand with flames going up. It, it's cool stuff.Erica:00:21:03Did you bring one of these to show us today?Dan:00:21:06The pressure and temperature in this room are not, methane's not an equilibrium. You need hot, you need high pressure, moderately high pressure and you need very low temperatures. So, if we had-Duncan:00:21:20Neither are common in Houston, (Laughter)Dan:00:21:22No, and we wouldn't be terribly comfortable if that was what it was like here in this room. But the, the important thing for us now as we think about seep science and, and seep hunting is that this, this limestone cement, the authigenic carbonate, the gas hydrate, the shells of a clam, okay. Are All harder. Okay? Harder, I will knock on the table. They're harder than mud. So the sea floor, most of the most of the world's ocean is gray-green mud and ooze from all sorts of sediment and diatoms and plankton raining down onto the ocean floor. So most of the world's oceans is kind of just muddy sandy some places, but sediment, it's where you get these seep communities that now we've, we've formed a spot that some that's harder and rougher than the area around it. And that's our target when we, deploy technologies to go out and, and look at seeps.Dan:00:22:26So, so hot smokers, hot vents were discovered in 1977. Cold seeps were discovered in 1985 and were found to be associated, in the Gulf of Mexico with oil and gas seepage. That's 1985. Those were discovered with human beings in a sub in submersibles. Later, we deployed robotic submersibles to go look at seeps, ROV's and even later we developed tools to go sample seeps without needing to have eyes on the bottom and we'll come and talk and we'll come back and talk about that later.Dan:00:22:57But for kind of recap, a seep is a place where something is leaking out of the earth surface. When we talk about seeps, we're talking about offshore seepage of oil and gas that supports this profusion of chemically-based life forms as well as these precipitants, the authigenic carbonate limestone and gas hydrate. And the important thing is they change the acoustic properties of the sea floor.Duncan:00:23:28Yeah. Then the key thing is that you've gone from having, seeps onshore, which are relatively easy to walk up to and see, but hard to find, to seeps offshore, which are impossible to walk up to or very difficult. You need a submersible to do it. But because of this, chemosynthetic communities that build up around it and our knowledge of that and now gives us something to look for geophysically. So we can apply some geophysics, which we'll get on to talk about next in terms of the multibeam, to actually hunt for these things in a very cost effective way and a very fast manner. So we can cover, as Dan said, right at the start, hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, even over a million now, in a cost effective, timely manner and identify these seeps from the sea surface.Dan:00:24:15Now fishermen, know where seeps are because all of this limestone provides places for fish to leave their larva where they might live, they call them refugia. It's a, it's a place where, you know, lots of little fish and where you have lots of little fish, you have lots of big fish. And since we're also increasing this primary productivity, you get, you get profusions of fish around seep communities. So we've found authigenic carbonate in the front yards of fishermen in areas where that we've gone to study seeps. And if you chip a little bit off it, you can go and analyze it in the lab or if you can get somebody who fishes for a living to tell you their spots. And that involves convincing them that you're not going to steal their spots and you're not gonna tell everybody where their spots are. But if you go into a frontier area, if you can get somebody who fishes for a living to talk to you, you might have some ideas of where to go look for them.Dan:00:25:14So it kind of, one other point that I wanted to make here about seeps is, remember I talked about how seep organism creates kind of a larva, which is dormant and it's kind of flowing through the world's ocean, looking for a seep community, doing some back of the envelope calculations. If, if a larva can survive for about a month. Okay. And you have a one knot current that larva can move about 1300 kilometers in a month, which is about the length of the island of Java. And it might be about the length of the state of California. So if you think now, so if you think about that, then all you need is a seep community somewhere to be sending out larva. Most of which of course never gonna survive. And then if we get a seep somewhere else, the odds are that there's going to be a larva bouncing along the sea floor that is going to see that and start growing.Dan:00:26:08So for us as explorationists as the, the important thing is if there's a seep, there's a pretty good chance that, that a seep community will start to form, if the seepage lasts long enough, it will form a community depending, you know, might be large, might be medium size, but it changes the acoustic properties of the sea floor. Okay, so that, remember we're going to talk about seeps what they, what, what's a seep and that is how it's related to hydrocarbon seepage out of the or natural gas oil, you know, reduced fluids. What we were going to talk about, and now we're going to talk about how offshore we use this technology called multibeam to go and find them. Okay.Dan:00:26:51So back in, back in the Cold War, the air force came up with a tool to map the former Soviet Union called synthetic aperture radar. And when the navy saw the air forces maps, they said, we want a map of the sea floor. And at the time, you know, if you remember your World War II movies, the submarine sends out a Ping, somebody listening on, their, on their headphones and and the ping comes back and the amount of time that it took for the ping to go out and the ping come back is how deep the water is. If you know the speed of sound in water. But that's, that's just one point directly beneath you, that's not good enough to get a detailed map of the sea floor. So, driven by these cold war needs, the navy contracted a company called general instruments to develop a tool to map the sea floor and they develop what's called SASS, the sonar array sounding system, which we now call multibeam.Dan:00:27:49In the 1960s, it was unveiled to the world during a set of, submersible dives to the mid Ocean Ridge, I believe in 1975 as part of the famous project. And the geoscientist looked at that map and it was a contour map of the mid ocean region. They said, holy smokes, what's that? Where'd that come from? And the navy said, well, we kind of developed a new technology and it was first commercialized in 1977 the same year hot smokers were discovered on the world's oceans. And it has been continuously developed since then. And in about the 1990s, it got resolute enough for, for us to take this, this kind of seeps, seep hunting science and take it offshore. So until then, 1980s, we were deploying submersibles. We were going down and looking at them. We had very crude maps. We had some side scan shows, a little bit about, the acoustic properties of the sea floor.Dan:00:28:46But it wasn't until the mid 1990s that we realized that with these tools, these sea floor mapping tools that had acoustic, analyzing techniques that we could identify areas that were harder and rougher and had a different shape, that allowed us to start, instead of just driving around and, and, we're finding one by, by luck or chance actually saying, Huh, there's a, there's an interesting acoustic signature over there. Let's go take a look at it. And deploying submersibles and ROVs and realizing that yes, we had tools that could, be used to, to map the sea floor and identify seeps and driven by their own interests. The Navy, the US navy was very interested in these and, was, was a early, early funder of seep science and they've continued with it as well as academic institutions around the world that got very interested in seep communities.Dan:00:29:45And in fact, NASA, NASA is really interested in seep communities because they're chemically based life forms in what are basically extreme environments. And so if NASA wants to figure out what life is going to look like on a different planet, or a different moon on it, or surrounding a different planet that doesn't have an oxygen atmosphere, here's a, a laboratory on earth that, that they can use. So NASA has been funding seep science as well.Dan:00:30:11So multibeam what is it and how does it apply to, to, to hunting seeps. So multibeam, which is this technology that was developed by and funded by the navy in the 1960s and commercialized in the 70s uses two acoustic arrays of transducers. one array is mounted parallel to the length of a ship. And when you fire off all those transducers, it sends out a ping. And the longer the array is, the narrower that beam is. That's how antennas work. So that that long array sends out a ping, which is narrow along track and a shape, kind of like a saucer. So if you can imagine two dinner plates put together, that's what this, ping of energy looks like. And that's what we call the transmit beam. So then if you listen to the sea floor with an array that's perpendicular to the transmitter ray, we are now listening to an area that's, that's narrow across track. Okay. And it's long elongate a long track. So we've got this narrow transmit beam in one direction that's, that's now perpendicular to the ship. And we've got a narrow receive beam that's parallel to the ship and where those two intersect is what we call a beam. And so with, with lots of different, transducers mounted, perpendicular to the ship, we can listen from all the way out to the port about 65 degrees down below the ship and all the way over to starboard, again, about 65 degrees. And we have lots of beams.Dan:00:31:51So right now the system that we're using, on our project has 455 beams across track. So every time we send out a ping, we ensonify the sea floor on, on these 455 beams. And as we go along, we send out another ping and another ping. And we're basically, we're painting the sea floor. It's, it's like mowing the lawn with a big lawn mower or using a Zamboni to drive around an ice rink. You can just think of it as as a ship goes along. We are ensonifying and listening to a wide patch of sea floor and we typically map, about a five kilometer, about a three mile, a wide swath, and we send out a ping every six or 10 seconds. Depends how, you know, depends on the water depth. And so we're able to map 1000 or 2000 square kilometers a day with this technique. This multibeam technique.Duncan:00:32:48Since a lot of our podcast listeners might be familiar with seismic is that's probably the biggest percentage of the, the geophysical industry. This is not too different. It's an acoustic based technique. I guess the main difference is are we live working in a different, frequency bandwidth. And also that we have both the receiver and the transmitter both mounted on the same boat. So we're not dealing with a streamer out the back of a boat. we have transmitter and receiver are both whole mounted. But after that it's all pretty similar to seismic. We go backwards and forwards, either in 2D lines or in a, in a 3D grid and we build up a picture. Now because of the frequencies we're working with, we don't penetrate very deep into the sea floor. but as, as we mentioned, we're interested in seeing those seep communities on the sea floor. So that's why we this, this is the perfect technology for, for that application.Erica:00:33:40Oh, can you talk a little bit about the post-processing that's involved with multibeam?Dan:00:33:44Well, let me- Erica, Great question. Let me, come back to that later cause I want to pay, I want to pick up on what Duncan talked about in and add one very important wrinkle. So first of all, absolutely correct, the frequencies are different. In seismic, we're down in the hertz to tens of Hertz and in Multibeam we're in the tens of kilohertz and in very shallow water, maybe even over higher than a hundred kilohertz. In seismic, we have air guns that send that radiate out energy. And we, we designed the arrays so that we get most of the energy in the direction that we're looking with multi beam. We have a narrow, remember it's one degree wide in here. If you got kids, see if anybody still has a protractor anymore, grab a protractor and look at how wide one degree is. It's very narrow.Duncan:00:34:39There's probably an iPhone app for that. (Laughter) see what one used to look like.Dan:00:34:43But with, with seismic, the air guns sends out energy and we listened to the reflected energy out on the streamer back behind the ship or on a node somewhere else. It's reflected energy. With multibeam, the energy goes out and it interacts with the sea floor and the shallow subsurface. Most of it gets reflected away and we don't, we don't, hear that it, but some of it actually comes back in the same direction that the sound went out and we call that backscatter. So backscatter energy comes back to you and it's that backscatter that, can increase when we have hard and rough material either on the sea floor or buried below the sea floor. So the way that we process it is since we know the time of length, the time of path on how long it took to get out, hit the sea floor and come back, or you can correct for path lengths, energy radiates outward and spherical patterns. So we correct for spherical spreading. we know the angle that it hit the sea floor, so we correct for angle of ensonification. And then the next and most important things are where was the ship, when the pulse went out? And where is the ship when the pulse comes back, including what's the orientation of the ship? So we need to know the location, the position of the ship in X, Y, and Z to centimeters. And we need to know the orientation of the ship to tenths of a degree or better on both the transmit and the receive. But the key thing is, if we know that path length in the spherical spreading and we correct for all of that and we get a response that's much greater than we expected, we get higher backscatter energy and it's, it's those clams and tube worms authigenic carbonate gas hydrate that can increase the hardness and the roughness of the sea floor that kicked back the backscatter energy.Dan:00:36:46Okay. Now what happens if the oil and gas, or the reduced fluids if they shut off? Well, I'm sorry to say for the clams and the tube worms that they will eventually die. The bacteria will still live at that redox boundary as it settles back below the sediment. And then when we pile some sediment on top of that dead seep community, it's still there. The shells are there, the carbonate's still there. So with the, with multibeam that the frequencies, we use 12 and 30 kilohertz penetrate between two, three 10 meters or so into the sediment. So if you shut off the seepage and bury that seep community, they're still there. And if we can sample that below that redox boundary at that location, chances are we're going to get a oil or gas in, in our sample. And in fact, we encounter live seep communities very, very, very, very rarely, you know, kind of one in a thousand.Dan:00:37:50But, we, we encounter seep fauna down in our sample cores, which we'll talk about later, much more frequently. And, and we, we find hydrocarbons, we are very successful at finding hydrocarbons. And the key thing is we're using seep science to go look in, in basins or extend outward from basins in areas where there may be no known oil or gas production. And that's why the seeps are useful. So multibeam unlike a seismic, we got to collect the data, then we got it and you to do all sorts of processing and it takes a while to, to crank the computers and whatnot. Multibeam we can, we can look at it as it comes in and we can see the backscatter strength. We can see what the swath that it's mapping every ping, every six seconds. And it takes about, it takes less than a day to process a days worth of multibeam.Dan:00:38:47So when our ships are out there working every morning, when we get the daily report from the ship, we see another thousand or 2000 square kilometers of data that were mapped just the previous day. So it's for, those who can't wait, it's really satisfying. But for those of us who are trying to accelerate projects, it's great because when the data come off the ship, they're already processed. We can start picking targets and we can be out there, you know, in weeks sampling. So that's so multibeam it's, it's bathymetry, it's backscatter, but we're also imaging the water column. So if there's, a gas plume, coming out of the sea floor, naturally we can see that gas plume and, so that we can see the water column. We can see the sea floor or the bathymetry, and the backscatter. Erica, you asked, you know, about the processing and I talked about how we have to know the position and the orientation, of the ship, that means that we have to survey in using a laser theodolight.Dan:00:39:54We have to survey in every component of the system on the ship to, you know, fractions of a millimeter. And we drive the surveyors nuts because we are, we are more demanding than the, the BMW plant in South Carolina. And they point that out to us every time. Yes, we're more demanding. But if they have a problem with, with a robot in the BMW plant, they can go out and survey it again, once we put this ship in the water, I can't go survey the array that's now welded to the bottom of the ship. It's there. And so that's why we make them do three replicate surveys and do loop ties and convince us that we've got incredibly accurate and precise system. So that's when we survey the ship. We use, well we go back and we go and we check their math and we make sure all the numbers are entered into the system correctly.Dan:00:40:46We, measure the water column every day so that we have the best velocity data that we use to correct the, that position. We measure the salinity in the water column because it affects how energy is absorbed. It's called the absorption coefficient. We measure the acoustic properties of the ship. So we understand maybe we need to turn off the starboard side pump in order to get better multibeam data. And we evaluate every component of the ship. Something. Sometimes they'll have, you know, the, the waste unit was, was mounted onto the, onto the deck of the ship and nobody thought about putting a rubber bushing between that unit and the hall to isolate the sound. And it just so happens it's at 12 kilohertz. So it swamps your acoustic energy or degrades our data quality because it's all about data quality so that we can find these small, interesting high backscatter targets. We polish the hull. We send divers down every eight weeks or 12 weeks or 16 weeks because you get biofouling you get, you get these barnacles growing in a barnacle in between your acoustic array in the sea floor is going to affect the data. So we send divers down to go scrape the hull and scraped the prop.Duncan:00:42:05So it's probably worth mentioning that this is the same type of multibeam or multibeam data is the same data that is used in other parts of the oil and gas industry as well. So I mean, any pipeline that's ever been laid in the last few decades has had a multibeam survey before it. Any bit of marine infrastructure that an oil and gas company wants to put in the Gulf of Mexico. Certainly you have to have a multibeam survey ahead of time. what's different here is that we're, we're trying to cover big areas and we're trying to get a very specific resolution. So maybe it's worth talking a bit about that. Dan what we're actually trying to achieve in terms of the resolution to actually find seeps.Dan:00:42:42You got it. So we, we can, we can control the resolution because we can control how wide a swath we go and how fast we go. So, if you're really interested in, if you want to do a site survey and you want to get incredibly detailed data of a three kilometer by three kilometer square, you could deploy an autonomous underwater vehicle or an ROV and get very, very, very resolute, like smaller than half a meter of bin size. for what we do, where our goal is exploration, the trade off is between, do I want more resolute data or do I want more data and it that that is a tradeoff and it's something that we struggle with. And we think that the sweet spot is mapping that five kilometers swath and three miles wide, swath at about oh eight to 10 knots. So let's say about 16 kilometers an hour.Dan:00:43:40That gets us a thousand to 2000 square kilometers a day. And by acquiring data in that manner, we get a 15 meter bathymetric bin independent of water depth and our backscatter since we subsample that bathymetric bin for the backscatter, we can get a five meter backscatter pixel. So now if I have four, if I have four adjacent pixels, you know, shaped like a square, that's a 10 meter by 10 meter spot on the sea floor, it's slightly larger than this room. We could, you could see that now you might need a couple of more to be larger than that. So to have a target actually stand out, and that's about how accurate our sampling is with the core barrel. So, the long answer to your question is about a 15 meter bathymetric bin and a five meter backscatter pixel is what we're currently doing for our exploration work.Dan:00:44:32Now we pay attention to what's going on in the navigation and the positioning world because it affects our data quality. So the higher the quality of, of our navigation, the higher the quality of our data on the sea floor. So about a decade ago, the world's airlines asked if they could fly their airplanes closer together and the FAA responded and said, not unless you improve GPS and so sponsored by the world's airlines. They set up ground stations all in, in the, in the most heavily traveled parts of the world that improve the GPS signal by having an independent orbital corrections. What that means is for us working off shore, we take advantage of it. It's called wide area augmentation. And, using this system, which is now it's a, it's add on for a GPS receiver, we're able to get six centimeter accuracy of a ship that's out there in the ocean that surveying.Dan:00:45:27So that's six centimeters. What's that? About two and a half inches. And for those of us who grew up with low ran and very, you know, where you were lucky if you knew where you were to within, you know, a quarter of a mile. it's, it's just astonishing to me that this box can produce data of that quality, but that flows through to the quality of the data that we get on our surveys, which flows through to our ability to find targets. So I think, I told you about sub sampling, the bathymetry for backscatter and I've told, I told you about the water column and we've talked about the resolution. I think we've, we've pretty much hit what multibeam is. It's, it's a real time near real time acquisition, high frequency narrow beam. We image the sea floor and the shallow subsurface. Okay and we use that to find anomalous backscatter targets.Duncan:00:46:20Well, let's talk about the water column a little bit more done because I know we've published some pictures and images from our surveys. Showing the water column anomalies. The backscatter data, in the water column itself can actually help us find seeps. The right mixture of oil and gas coming out of this, an active seep and migrating up through the water column can actually be picked up on these multibeam data also. So that's, a real direct hit that you've got to see and that it's actually still producing oil today,Dan:00:46:53Right, so when, when gas and oil leak out of the sea floor, the gas bubble begins to expand as it comes up, just like a would in a, in a carbonated beverage because there's less pressure. So that gap, that bubble is expanding. If there's oil present, the oil coats the outside of the bubble and actually protects it from dissolving into the water column. And so the presence of gas with a little bit of oil leaking out of the sea floor creates these bubbles that, are big enough to see with these 12 and 30 kilohertz systems. And so when we see a plume coming out of the sea floor, that's natural, a seepage of gas, possibly with a little bit of oil and it provides a great target for us to go and hit. Now those seeps are flowing into the water column and the water column has currents and the currents aren't the same from one day to the next and one week to the next.Dan:00:47:47So if we image a seep a couple of different times, one day it will be flowing in one direction and the next time we see it flowing in a different direction. The area in common between the two is pointing us toward the origin point on the sea floor. And that's what we're going to target. And if you, if you hunt around, look for NOAA studies of, of the US Gulf of Mexico, over Mississippi Canyon near where the deep water horizon, went down because there are, the, NOAA has published, images of the gas seeps in that area where there are natural oil and gas seeps leaking, leaking other, the sea floor. And these natural seeps occur all over the world. Okay? And they're bringing oil and gas into the water column. But remember, nature has basically provided, the cleanup tool, which is the bacteria. So where oil and gas settle onto the sea floor, there are bacteria that will consume it. You don't want a lot of it in one place, cause then then you've got, you know, a real environmental disaster. But natural oil and gas seepage goes hand in hand with natural seep consuming organisms that metabolize these fluids. So a multi beam seeps backscatter okay. That I think we've, we've talked about what the target looks like. Let's talk about how we go in and sample it.Duncan:00:49:12Yeah, no, I think that's the real key thing. Particularly here in the Gulf of Mexico. I mean we talked at the start about how I'm using seeps can tell you whether a basin has hydrocarbons in it or not. Clearly we're decades past the point of knowing whether there's oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico. So even in the deep water gulf of Mexico, especially here in the US side, we know that there's oil and gas, so that information is long gone. We don't, we don't need an update on that anymore. What we need to know is information about the type of oil, the age of the oil, the deep positional environment that the oil is deposited in. And if we can actually get a sample from these seeps, then that's the sort of information that modern geochemistry can start to pull out for us.Dan:00:49:57we've sat in the same meetings where the, the potential client companies have said, why are you, why are you gonna map the deepest part of the Gulf of Mexico? There's no oil out there. And lo and behold, we found anomalous backscatter targets on a diapirs, which are areas, mounds out in the deepest parts of the Gulf of Mexico. And lo and behold, if you, if you look at the data, know that that statement was incorrect. There is oil and gas out there in other parts of the world. We've had companies say, oh, this part's all oil and this part's gas. Well, how do you know that? Well, because we've drilled for oil out here and we don't think there's any oil. Once you get out there and you don't know, you don't know what you don't know until you go map it and sample it and then you come back, you put the data on their desk and they go, huh, hey, we were wrong man. I guess there's oil out there. And, and in other parts of the world where you know, we've done all our exploration close to land or in shallow water, we go out into the deepest part and nobody's ever drilled a well out there. So, you use the seep science to go to basically fill that in.Dan:00:51:09So in order to make money exploring for oil, you had to have organic matter. Originally it had to be, it had to be buried and cooked. Okay. So you needed temperature and pressure. You need time takes time to do that, then it needs to migrate. Okay. With the exception of unconventionals, we're not gonna talk about unconventional today with the exception of unconventionals, the hydrocarbons have to migrate, so they're concentrated so that you can go drill them and recover them. And they need to be in a reservoir.Dan:00:51:41And it has to be sealed. And so when we find a seep and all of that goes into what we talk about in oil exploration as the risk equation, like what's the probability of success? If you don't know whether you have a migration, you have maximum uncertainty and that flows through into your, into your risk. Well, if we find a seep, remember we've proven that there was organic matter. We've proven that it was buried and cooked for the right amount of time to create oil and gas and that it's migrated. We can't tell you anything about reservoir or seal or timing, but we can, we can materially impact the risk equation by finding a seep. Okay. So right before you drill a well, wouldn't you like to know whether or not there's oil or gas in the neighborhood? Cause a well can be a can be $100 million risk.Dan:00:52:34Okay. Usually you wouldn't, wouldn't you like to know? So remember when we started looking at seeps, 1977 for the hot vents 85 for the cold vents, we used human beings in a submersible. Later we shifted to using robotic submersibles where a human being sit on a ship in a control room, operate the ROV with joysticks, and you watch the videos come through. Well, those are great, but they're really expensive and you can't look at much sea floor on any given day because you're limited to how fast you can move across the sea floor and how much you can look at. So if we surveyed 2000 square kilometers in a day, we want to be able to evaluate that in less than 20 years. We want to be able to evaluate that in, you know, in a similar length of time, a day or two. So what we've done is we've shifted toward using what we, what's called a piston core, which, which is a six meter long, 20 foot long tube with about a thousand kilos on a 2,000 pounds.Dan:00:53:37And we lower it through the sea floor, operating it with a winch from a ship. And by putting a navigation beacon on that core, we can track it through the water column in real time. And if we have this high backscatter target on the sea floor, we can lower it to the water column. Once we're about fit and we're within 50 meters, 150 feet of the sea floor, we can see whether we're on target and then we let it go. When the pist- when the, it has a trigger weight on it, you can look this up, how to, how do piston cores work, that the core, lets go and it free falls that last little bit and it penetrates the sea floor. You haul it back to the surface. Now if it had gas hydrate in it, if it has oil in it, if it has gas in it, you can see it right away. when you pull the clear liner out of the core, and there it is, you know, whether or not you've got success, for most cores, there's no visual evidence of hydrocarbons that we sample that core tube, three different samples. One of them, we take a sample into what we call a gas can and seal that. And then we put a couple of hockey puck size chunks of sediment into Ziploc bags and everything goes into the freezer. And you ship that back, from the next port call. And about a month later you get a spreadsheet in your email, that says, oh, guess what you found methane, ethane, propane, butane, and Pentane. And look at this, you've got enough fluorescents that this is a guaranteed oil hit. So, again, you think about the time we map a couple thousand square kilometers a day.Dan:00:55:18We mapped for a month, we'll look the data for a month. We go out and core for a couple of weeks and a month later the Geochemistry starts flowing in. So real quick, multibeam as we've, as we've discussed as a way to get a detailed map of the sea floor, both the shape of it and the hardest roughness, acoustic properties. So any company laying a fiber optic cable across the world's oceans is acquiring multibeam data. Any, municipality that's worried about how deep their ports are and whether there's enough space for the ships to come in, is acquiring multibeam data. The corps of engineers who pays companies to dredge sand in the Mississippi River has to have a before and after multibeam a map, when MH370 went down and needed to be hunted for before they deployed the real high resolution tools. They needed a map of the sea floor and that was a part of the ocean that has never been mapped in detail before.Dan:00:56:23So most of the world's oceans have net have never been mapped in the detail that we're mapping them. We're using the tool to go hunt seeps. But there are all sorts of other uses of, of that multi beam technology. So, what are we looking for when we, when we, when we're looking for seeps, you know, what have, where have people found oil and gas leaking out of the sea floor? What does it look like? Or what are the targets? Well, if the gas burps out of the sea floor, it creates a pockmark. And those are targets, in many parts of the world, the Apennines of Italy, Azerbaijan, there are what we call mud volcanoes, where over pressured mud from deep down in the earth is kind of spewing out gently, slowly and continuously at the earth's surface. And lo and behold, it's bringing up oil and gas along with it. So mud volcanoes are known, oil and gas seeps onshore. Of course we're going to use them, offshore. Any place where we have a fault, you can create fracture permeability that might let oil and gas up. Faults can also seal, but a fault would be a good target, an anticline, a big fold that has a, can have seeps coming out of the crest of, it's similar to the seeps that were discovered early in late 18 hundreds. And in, in the USA, we can have areas where we have oil and gas leaking out of the sea floor, but it's not enough to change the shape of the sea floor. So we get high backscatter but no relief. Those, those are targets. So when we go out and we sample potential seep targets, we don't focus on only one type of target because that might only tell you one thing.Dan:00:58:04So we spread our, our targets around on different target types and we'll spread our targets around an area. Even if we, if we have more targets in one area than another area, we will spread our targets all the way around. Because the one thing that we've learned in decades of seep hunting is we're not as smart as we think we are. Nature always throws a curve ball. And you should, you should not think that you knew, know everything before you go into an area to analyze it because you might, you probably will find something that's, that startles you. And you know, as someone who's been looking at seeps since 1986, I continue to find things that we've never seen before. like our recent projects in the Gulf of Mexico, we found two target types that we've never seen before. The nearest analog on earth, on the surface is called a Pingo, which is when ice forms these really weird mountains up in the Arctic. And the one thing I can guarantee you that's not on the bottom of the world's ocean is an ice mound similar to what's forming the Arctic. But, but it had that shape. So we went and analyzed it and lo and behold, it told us something about the hydrocarbon system.Dan:00:59:12So those are all different types of target types so that the core comes back, we send it to the lab, we get first the very, what call the screening geochemistry, which is a light gases, methane through Pentane. We look at how fluorescent it is, cause that'll tell you whether or not you, you have a chance of of having a big oil hit. And we also look at what's called the chromatogram, which is a gas chromatography. And that tells us between about C15 and C36 C being the carbon length. So the, all your alkanes. And by looking at a Chromatogram, a trained professional will look that and say, oh, that's biodegraded oil. Or, oh, that's really fresh oil cause really fresh oil. All the, alkane peaks get smaller as they get bigger. So it has a very, very distinctive shape. Or they can look at it and they can tell you, you can, you can figure out the depositional environment. You can figure out whether the organic matter came from a lake, lacustrine, or maybe it's marine algal. We can say something about the age of it because flowering plants didn't evolve on earth till about the end of the age of dinosaurs. So at the end of the cretaceous, we got flowering plants. And so flowering plants create a molecule called oleanane. And so if there's no oleanane in the oil, that oil is older than cretaceous. So now we're telling something about a depositional environment.Dan:01:00:39We're saying something about the age, we can say the, the geochemist can say something about the maturity of the oil by looking at the geochemistry data. So all of this information, is now expanding what we know about what's in the subsurface and everything we know about seepage is that it is episodic in time. And it is distributed on earth's surface, not in kind of a random scattered, fashion. You get seepage above above a mud mud volcano, but for the surrounding hundred square kilometers around this mud volcano, we don't find any seep targets. Okay. So, our philosophy is that in order to find, in order to analyze the seats, we have to go find where we've got the highest probability of seepage and leakage. And that's where we target. So if you went out and just dropped a random grid over an area, you have a very, very low chance of hitting a concentrated site of seepage. And so, our hit rate, our success rate is, is high because we're using these biological and chemical indicators of seepage to help us guide where we sample. We have very precisely located sampling instruments this core with this acoustic beacon on it. And so we have, we have a very, very high success rates. And when we get hydrocarbons, we get enough hydrocarbons that we can do all of this advanced geochemistry on it.Duncan:01:02:13That's a good point Dan, even with- even without just doing a random grid of coring, piston coring has been done in the the US Gulf of Mexico for a long time now. And using seismic information, to target it. So like you say, looking for the faults and the anticlines and those type of features and very shallow anomalies on the seismic data. Even even guiding it with that information, typically a, a 5% hit rate might be expected. So you take two or 300 cores you know, you're going to get maybe 5%-10% hit rate, where you can actually look at the oils, and the geochemistry from the samples that you get. Using the multibeam, we were more like a 50 to 60% hit rate. And that's even with like Dan said, we're targeting some features where we know we're not going to find oil. so we could probably do even better than that if we, if we really focused in on finding oil. But obviously we're trying to assemble all the different types of seeps.Dan:01:03:11One of the things that we're asked and that we've heard from managers since we started working in the oil industry is what is this sea floor seep tell me about what's in my reservoir. And there's only, there have been very few, what we, what we call the holy grail studies published where a company has published the geochemistry at the reservoir level and the geochemistry on a seep that they can tie to that reservoir in the Gulf of Mexico. We collected dozens of seeps that can be tied to the same basin where there is known production. So in that Gulf of Mexico Dataset, a company that purchased that data and who had access to the reservoir oils could finally have a sufficient number of correlations that they could answer that question. What is the sea floor seep? Tell me about the reservoir. Because once you're comfortable in the Gulf of Mexico, that that seep is really telling you what's down in your reservoir.Dan:01:04:08Now you go into other parts of the world where you don't know what's in the reservoir before you drill and you find a good, a fresh seep with fresh oil right at the sea floor. Now you're confident that when you go down into the reservoir that you're going to find something, something similar. So let me talk a little bit about other things that you can do with these cores. And I'll start by kind of looking at these mud volcanoes. So this mud volcano, it had over pressured mud at depth. It came up to the surface of the earth and as it came up, it grabbed wall rock on its way up. So by analyzing a mud volcano, if we then go look at, say the microfossils, in all the class in a mud volcano, we can tell you about the age of the rocks that mud volcano came through without ever drilling a well.Dan:01:04:54So you can look at, at the, at the vitrinite reflectance, you can look at the maturity of the, of these wall rocks that are brought to you on the surface. You can look at heavy minerals. And when we go out and we do field geology, you know, you remember you're a geologist has a rock pick they and they go, the geologist goes up to the cliff and, and she or he chips a rock out and they take it back to lab and take a look at it. And that's how they tell something about what's in the outcrop. Well, it's hard to do field geology on the bottom of the ocean using a multibeam map and - acoustically guided core. We can now go and do field work on the, on the ocean floor and expand our knowledge of what's going on in a field area.Duncan:01:05:42So maybe it's worth talking a bit Dan about how we're jointly using these technologies or this group of technologies, at TGS, to put together projects. So the, I think generally the approach has been to look at, basin wide study areas. So we're not just carving off little blocks and doing, one of these, one of these projects over, over a particular block. We'll take on the whole Gulf of Mexico. So we, we broke it up into two. We looked at the Mexico side and the US side. But in total, I think it was nearly a million square kilometers that we covered and, about 1500 cores that I think we took, so we were putting these packages together in different basins all over the world, whether they're in mature basins like the Gulf of Mexico or frontier areas like places we're working in West Africa at the moment. But I think we're, we're looking to put more and more of these projects together. I think the technology applies to lots of different parts of the world. Both this side of the Atlantic and the eastern side of the Atlantic as well.Dan:01:06:44So since 2014, five years, we've mapped, we as in One and TGS have mapped, I believe over 1,250,000 square kilometers. We've acquired over 2000 cores. Oh. We also measure heat flow. We can use - is how the earth is shedding heat. And it's concentrated in some areas in, and you want to know heat flow if you're looking for oil, cause you got to know how much your organic matter has been cooked. So we've, we've collected thousands of cores, at dramatic success rates and we've used them. We've used these projects in areas of known hydrocarbon production, like the shallow water Gulf of Mexico, but we've, we've extended out into areas of completely unknown hydrocarbon production, the deep water Gulf of Mexico, the east coast of Mexico over in the Caribbean. We're looking at northwest Africa, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and the area, that's a jointly operated AGC. And we're looking at other frontier areas where we can apply this to this technology in concert with traditional tools, multichannel, seismic, gravity and magnetics to help, our clients get a better feel for the hydrocarbon prospectivity. You've got to have the seismic cause you've got to see what the subsurface looks like. But the, the multibeam which leads to seep targets, which leads ultimately to the geochemistry is what then affects the risk going forward into a basin.Duncan:01:08:20That's a good point, Dan. We don't see this as a technology that replaces seismic or gravity or magnetics or anything else, but it's another piece in the puzzle. And it's a very complimentary piece as well.Dan:01:08:31It is. And any areas you could argue that probably the best places to go look are where, your colleagues and other companies have said, oh, there's no oil there. Well, how do you know? Well, we don't think there's oil because we don't think there was a organic matter or we don't think that it was cooked enough. Well, you don't know until you go there and you find, so if you found one seep in that field area that had live oil and gas in it, you would know that that premise was incorrect. And now you have a competitive edge, you have knowledge that others don't and that can, that can affect your exploration, strategy in your portfolio. we haven't talked about cost. Multi beam is arguably one of the least expensive tools per square kilometer in the geophysical toolkit. Just because we don't need chase boats. We're not towing the streamer, we're going 10 knots. We're covering a couple of thousand square kilometers a day. So it's, it's, it's a tool that's useful in frontier exploration. It is complimentary to seismic, and it's a tool that, that you can use to guide where you want to spend money and how much money if you, if we survey a huge area and let's say half of it has no evidence of oil and gas and half of it has excellent hydrocarbon seeps, both oil and gas. I would argue that as a company you might want to spend less money on the first and more money on the second. You migh

In this episode, I discuss how many of us doubt ourselves and compare our spiritual journey to others'. We often try to please people while judging them and ourselves. Tuning in to our own intuition and listening to it can lead us in the right way more than any spiritual teacher can. You are here to live a completely unique human experience and it's time to be your own guru and empower yourself to trust yourself! If you want to learn more about my work in ocean science, follow @MBARI_news and @SOCCOMproject.For more on Sat Devbir and his offerings like Crystal Academy, check out his website: https://www.satdevbirsingh.comLearn how we tune in before a kundalini practice. I mentioned this yoga set and meditations: Nabhi Kriya and Tershula Kriya.Learn more about my journey on my Instagram @thirdeyescience (be sure to check out the stories, which update almost daily!)To help support the show, please tell a friend, share on social media, and rate/review on your favorite podcast platform. More information on www.thirdeyescience.comMusic by www.bensound.com

Meditation has changed my life in so many positive ways. I believe that EVERYONE can (and should) meditate. In this episode, I discuss some of the compelling, scientific evidence on the benefits of meditation and share my own experience with a daily practice. If you have never meditated, but have heard about the benefits and don't know where to start, this episode is for you! If you are already an avid meditator like me, you may learn some of the really cool science about its benefits. And if you're just one of those people that is sort of interested in it, listening to the episode just might give you the motivation to commit to a daily practice. Meditation is the #1 place where science and spirituality do mix. You can see a presentation I gave to my colleagues at MBARI on this subject here: Meditation for EveryoneTo help support the show, please tell a friend, share on social media, and rate/review on your favorite podcast platform. More information on www.thirdeyescience.comMusic by www.bensound.com

David Clague is our guest on Planet Watch. He is a senior scientist and volcanologist at MBARI, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. He talks about how Kilauea and other large active volcanoes help us learn more about our planet. Dave’s research interests are nearly all related to the formation and degradation of oceanic volcanoes, particularly Hawaiian volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, and isolated seamounts. Topics of interest include: compositions of mantle sources for basaltic magmas and conditions of melting; development and evolution of magma chambers beneath spreading centers and Hawaiian volcanoes; volatile and rare-gas components in basaltic magmas and their degassing history; chronostratigraphic studies of eruption sequence and evolution of lava chemistry during volcano growth; subsidence of ocean volcanoes and its related crustal flexure, plate deformation, and magmatic activity; formation of cumulate xenoliths during different stages of Hawaiian volcanism; transport of volcaniclastic sediment on submarine slopes of volcanoes; geologic setting of hydrothermal activity; origin of isolated seamounts; monitoring of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal activity at submarine and subaerial volcanoes; emplacement dynamics of subaerial and submarine lava flows; slope instability on volcanoes. Other guests include Tim Goncharoff of Santa Cruz County Public Works Department, talking about the changes to recycling post China's ruling on zero imported waste. Air Date: June 10, 2018on KSCO radio station AM1080.

The brainchild of the Packard family and built out of the enormous success that has been the Monterey Bay Aquarium, MBARI is a global leader in oceanography, with an extensive array of equipment and the leadership and R&D to back it up. In this 35-minute podcast, Judith Connor discusses MBARI's origins and mission, the specificities and advantages of Monterey Canyon,  technological advances allowing autonomous and remote research (min. 5), climate change impacts (min. 8), international cooperation (min. 16), communicating the importance of oceans to the general public (min. 18), two of her most challenging dives (min. 26), her getaway island and descending a 20-foot ice shaft in Antartica.  Throughout it, Judith shows both her love and respect for the ocean and demonstrates the key role that it plays, either directly or indirectly, in our lives.  Next up - The Fairchild Notebooks with David Laws of the Computer History Museum. Those notebooks changed everything....    Feed your soul. Keep listening. 

  Septième de la vingt-et-unième session !   Cette semaine, seulement trois groupes...Ça débute jazz tendance afrobeat, puis avant-garde !   En musique:   Skerik's Bandalabra sur l'album Live At The Royal Room (Royal Potato Family, 2012);   Julius Hemphill sur l'album Dogon A.D. (Mbari, 1972, réédition 2011);   Franco D'Andrea sur l'album Traditions and Clusters (El Golo Rojo, 2012)...

  Septième de la vingt-et-unième session !   Cette semaine, seulement trois groupes...Ça débute jazz tendance afrobeat, puis avant-garde !   En musique:   Skerik's Bandalabra sur l'album Live At The Royal Room (Royal Potato Family, 2012);   Julius Hemphill sur l'album Dogon A.D. (Mbari, 1972, réédition 2011);   Franco D'Andrea sur l'album Traditions and Clusters (El Golo Rojo, 2012)...

Melting glaciers, rising temperatures and droughts - all are impacts of global warming. What receives much less attention is the toll that climate change is taking on the health of our oceans. The sea, it turns out, absorbs carbon dioxide emissions, which are causing it to become more acidic. Changing pH levels threaten the entire marine food chain from coral reefs to salmon.

A huge potential for our energy needs lies at the bottom of the ocean in the form of methane hydrates. But what happens when the ocean burps and large amounts of natural gas are liberated into the atmosphere? On this program, MBARI scientist Charles Paull discusses how these greenhouse gases could be abruptly released.