ODI podcasts

At a time of major geopolitical turbulence, Europe finds itself at a crossroads. Long regarded as a pillar of stability and multilateralism, the continent's role in today's increasingly divided world is being tested in numerous ways – as are its key institutions.There is a new fragility to Europe's external relationships – underscored by Trump's threats to impose tariffs on EU imports, and by disagreements on security guarantees for Ukraine.This episode dissects Europe's changing role and influence in the world today. Experts explore how European nations can come together to face external threats effectively, and identify some immediate opportunities for change.Among our guests is ODI Europe's Board Chair, Ambassador João Vale de Almeida, who shares ideas put forward in his thought-provoking new book The Divorce of Nations: A Diplomat's Inside View as the Global Order Collapses. We also hear from historian and political writer Timothy Garton Ash, and Anand Menon, Professor of European Politics and Foreign Affairs at King's College London.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalTimothy Garton Ash, Professor of European Studies, University of OxfordAnand Menon, Professor of European Politics and Foreign Affairs, King's College London & Director, UK in a Changing EuropeJoão Vale de Almeida, Chair of the ODI Europe Board and a former European Union Ambassador to the United States and the United NationsRelated resourcesThe Divorce of Nations: A Diplomat's Inside View as the Global Order Collapses (João Vale de Almeida, The History Press, 2025)Homelands: A Personal History of Europe (Timothy Garton Ash, Penguin Random House, 2023)How is Ukraine redefining global security? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)Europe and the new world order: an updated approach to foreign engagement (Briefing paper, ODI Global)Can ‘the West' be trusted? The future of European humanitarian aid (Insight, ODI Global)Navigating aid and national interest in Ukraine: the development toolbox of European donors (Insight, ODI Global)

Since 2011, Syria has been ravaged by conflict, foreign interventions and political fragmentation – leaving millions displaced and communities in crisis.But amidst the devastation, a new conversation is taking shape.Just months after the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime, a new interim government led by Ahmed al-Sharaa has formed. A recent poll shows 70% of Syrians feel hopeful, but that hope is colliding with hard realities.More than 1,300 people – many believed to be civilians – have been killed in Syria's worst violence since the fall of the Assad regime, as clashes erupt between forces loyal to the new government and Assad holdouts. Meanwhile, reconstruction is stalled. Western sanctions, unpaid civil servants, and new US tariffs risk deepening the crisis.In this episode, we ask whether this fragile but hopeful moment for Syria can endure. Can international partners support recovery without repeating the mistakes of the past? And how can we centre the voices of Syrians in the process of rebuilding their country?GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalSana Kikhia, Executive Director, Syrian Legal Development Programme (SLDP) Leen Fouad, Senior Research Officer, Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG), ODI Global Amy Rodgers, Coordinator, Middle East Durable Solutions Platform Related resourcesSyria's chance to build better, not backward (Insight, ODI Global)Lifting sanctions on Syria: a bumpy path (Insight, ODI Global)Tens of thousands of people forcibly disappeared: will the international community step up for Syrians? (Insight, ODI Global)Syria's pursuit of justice: navigating accountability amidst ongoing turmoil (Insight, ODI Global)Revolution and rupture: humanitarianism and human rights in Syria and Myanmar (Event video, ODI Global)

Minerals like lithium, cobalt and rare earth are not just commodities. They are strategic assets which are shaping global power and the future of the energy transition.As US-China trade tensions escalate, countries across Africa (and elsewhere) where these minerals are found are now renegotiating their role in an increasingly fragmented global economy.This episode asks how Africa's mineral wealth can truly benefit its people and future generations. Guests discuss the challenges countries face in adding value domestically, and whether there's an opportunity to push for a more equitable, sustainable governance of the mineral supply chain.Drawing on the latest developments in the South China sea, Greenland and the new US-Ukraine minerals deal, we also hear how resource scarcity, trade, and geopolitical and economic interests are closely intertwined today against a backdrop of ongoing violence and instability.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalAkim Daouda, Founder and CEO, Mwaana Inc.Rebecca Nadin, Director, Global Risks and Resilience team, ODI GlobalSilas Olan'g, Africa Energy Transition Advisor, Natural Resource Governance InstituteRelated resourcesThe critical minerals race to net zero (Event recording, ODI Global)Critical minerals, critical moment: Africa's role in the AI revolution (Insight, ODI Global)The ‘strategic mirage' of Africa's green minerals wealth (Insight, ODI Global)Why China is seeking greater presence in Africa – the strategy behind its financial deals (Insight, ODI Global)

With economic uncertainty, rising debt burdens, and a growing share of the world's poorest people living in fragile contexts, the stakes for the upcoming 4th Financing for Development Conference (FfD4) in Seville have never been higher.According to a recent OECD report, the gap between development financing needs and available resources could reach $6.4 trillion by 2030 if the global financing system isn't significantly overhauled.The conference in June present a pivotal opportunity to ignite reform. It's a vital forum where UN members, international institutions, businesses, and civil society come together at the highest level to rethink how we fund global development.In this episode, we dissect the key questions set to shape discussions at FfD4. How can we mobilise the trillions needed to meet the SDGs? How can the global financial architecture be made more inclusive and responsive? And what bold steps must be taken to unlock investment where it's needed most?Development finance experts share insights on multilateral development bank reform, the role of concessional finance, and opportunities to build a more sustainable, equitable future.  GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalMónica Colomer, Ambassador at Large for Financing for Development, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, Spain   Alvaro Lario, President, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)Annalisa Prizzon, Principal Research Fellow, ODI Global  Related resourcesDevelopment finance needs major overhaul to achieve global goals (OECD report)Financing development at a crossroads: What's at stake and what reforms are needed? (Development Policy Review)ODI Global at the Spring Meetings (resources hub)Are Southern-led MDBs the future of development finance? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)MDB Insights Spring Meetings 2025 (Newsletter, ODI Global)Unlocking the potential of blended concessional finance: making aid work harder (Event video, ODI Global)Maximising operational effectiveness and impact: key priorities for multilateral development banks (Report, ODI Global)

Development finance is no longer just about aid. It's about power, priorities, and who gets to decide.For decades, institutions like the World Bank and IMF have set the agenda, with high-income countries holding the reins. But a shift is underway. Southern-led multilateral development banks (MDBs) – where borrowing nations are also the majority shareholders – are rewriting the rules.These banks, like CAF (Development Bank of Latin America) and the Trade and Development Bank (TDB) Group, bring something different to the table: speed, flexibility, and a laser focus on local needs. But they also face hurdles: higher borrowing costs, limited global visibility, and the challenge of financing a just climate transition in economies still grappling with poverty.With the Spring Meetings taking place later this month, this episode dives into the rise of these institutions. Are they the future of development finance? Can they complement – or even challenge – traditional MDBs? And what reforms are needed to unlock their full potential?GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalAlejandra Botero, Director of Strategy and Development, CAFChris Humphrey, Senior Research Associate, ODI GlobalAdmassu Tadesse, Group President and Managing Director, TDB GroupRelated resourcesODI Global resources on multilateral development banksSouthern-led multilateral channels for climate finance (Working paper, ODI Global)What makes an MDB an MDB? Southern-led multilateral banks and the sovereign debt crisis (Working paper, ODI Global)Climate-smart reform of multilateral development banks: priorities for the G20 (Policy brief, ODI Global)Investing for resilience: a panel discussion with Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank President Jin Liqun (Event video, ODI Global)What do borrowing countries think of MDB reform? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)

Trade policies are more than economic levers. Today they are instruments of influence, competition and – at times – conflict. We have seen how Trump's recent tariff hikes on Mexico, Canada and China have heightened geopolitical tensions.The global trade system is also undergoing a deeper transformation. Countries are diversifying supply chains and rethinking alliances. Regional trade agreements are gaining momentum. Take the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which is vital for strengthening Africa's resilience. This episode takes stock of this changing global trade landscape. What direction is it heading? Are we on the brink of a new era of economic fragmentation, or can innovative trade mechanisms and agreements provide stability?GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalPamela Coke-Hamilton, Executive Director, International Trade Centre.Teddy Soobramanien, Chief Executive Officer, COMESA Business CouncilJodie Keane, Senior Research Fellow, ODI GlobalRelated resourcesResponding to Trump's tariffs: the EU needs a new trade weapon to protect its economic security (Insight, ODI Global)Supporting Investment and Trade in Africa (Project, ODI Global)Implementing the Digital Trade Protocol of the African Continental Free Trade Area: expected impacts, early experiences and challenges ahead (Publication, ODI Global)Remaking global trade: how does the UK measure up to the Villars Framework? (Insight, ODI Global)

As the world shifts toward a more regionally driven order, where power and security are dictated by strength rather than law, multilateralism faces an existential crisis.This has been made strikingly clear by recent events in the US. Oscillating between retreat and selective engagement, the US now sees global cooperation in transactional terms – as a business not a shared responsibility.This shift has created uncertainty and left a vacuum. From Africa to Asia, nations are adapting. Some are welcoming a less interventionist US, others are seizing opportunities in a lawless landscape.This episode examines what's at stake for multilateralism as this new global order unravels. We hear what practical steps that can be taken to strengthen and reinvent multilateralism, including through a new coalition of smaller powers. Our guests also examine the role of China, and the significance of next year's UN Secretary-General election.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalLord Mark Malloch-Brown, Advisor, Bretton Woods at 80 initiativeAmbassador Antônio Patriota, Brazil's Ambassador to the UKYunnan Chen, ODI Global Research FellowRelated resourcesOut of the rubble (Insight, ODI Global)Reimagining multilateralism: seizing the opportunity for change (Insight, ODI Global)Navigating fragility: the new multilateral agenda (Event video and podcast, ODI Global)What are the costs and impacts of shutting down USAID? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)ODI Global's work on China

Ukraine stands at a pivotal point as its war with Russia enters its third year. With high-stakes talks between the US and Russia taking place in Saudi Arabia, Ukraine finds itself excluded from crucial discussions, which raises alarms in Kyiv and Europe. As Western unity begins to fracture, the debate intensifies over whether to prioritise negotiations or continue military support. With NATO under increasing pressure, shifting US positions and growing concerns from Europe about future defence strategies, can Ukraine harness its resources for US support for peace talks and reconstruction, or will they further complicate its future? What will be the far-reaching implications for global security and economic stability?In this episode of Think Change, our host and Chief Executive Sara Pantualiano was joined by: Nathalie Tocci (Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali) Ann Linde (ODI Europe Board Member and former Minister for Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Nordic Cooperation)  Olena Borodyna (Senior Geopolitical Risks Advisor, ODI Global)  Related resourcesNavigating humanitarian dilemmas in the Ukraine crisis (Publication, ODI Global) As the war grinds on, political risks in Ukraine are heightening (Insight, ODI Global) The systemic impacts of the war in Ukraine: a triple shock (Insight, ODI Global) A war on many fronts: disinformation around the Russia-Ukraine war (Insight, ODI Global) Think Change episode 3: will the war in Ukraine cause a food crisis? (Think Change Podcast, ODI Global) Navigating aid and national interest in Ukraine: the development toolbox of European donors (Insight, ODI Global) Supporting Ukraine is costly – but Europe should be clear on the risks of letting Russia win (Insight, ODI Global) Securing Europe's Future: financing defence, supporting Ukraine, and navigating the Russia-China challenge (Insight, ODI Global) Condemnation of Russia's invasion isn't enough – Ukraine needs stronger European support now (Insight, ODI Global) Economic vulnerability to the Russia–Ukraine War: which low- and middle-income countries are most vulnerable? (Publication, ODI Global) 

For decades, US foreign aid has played a vital role in humanitarian assistance, development and global security.But last month, the US government – the world's biggest aid donor – announced a sudden 90-day freeze on foreign aid. This will have a devastating impact on communities globally who depend on it to survive. It has triggered widespread uncertainty across the global development sector.In the days following the decision, the harm was already visible. Reports show that antiretroviral drugs for HIV patients ran out, landmine clearance efforts stopped, and critical humanitarian operations were left in limbo.Although an exemption was later introduced for “life-saving humanitarian assistance”, its scope remains unclear. Many organisations are scrambling to understand the full implications of USAID's brutal shutdown.This episode examines these developments in detail. Experts formerly at USAID join us to assess what the freeze means for communities dependent on this funding and the global development sector, and what should come next.GuestsSara Pantuliano (Chief Executive, ODI Global)Elizabeth Campbell (Executive Director, ODI Global Washington and former Deputy Assistant Secretary, US State Department, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration)Sarah Charles (Former Assistant to the Administrator, Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance, USAID)Kate Almquist Knopf (Senior Advisor, Former Director of the Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, US Department of Defense, and Former Assistant Administrator for Africa, USAID)Related resourcesOut of the rubble (Insight, ODI Global)Donors In A Post-Aid World January 2025 update (Newsletter, ODI Global)What role should donors play in a post-aid world? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)Investing in frontier economies – what can public-private collaboration achieve? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)

Nearly a decade ago, nations worldwide committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with the first goal focused on ending poverty in all its forms by 2030. Whilst some progress has been made, we remain well off track to reach this ambitious target. Poverty reduction has stalled, whilst a new report by Oxfam – launched during the recent World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos – highlights how rising inequality is being driven by today's colonial economic system. It finds billionaire wealth rose three times faster in 2024 than in 2023, and most of this is taken – not earned. What's driving these worrying trends? Are policy-makers addressing the root causes, or are systemic issues being overlooked? And what must be done to shift the course, especially amidst rising global uncertainties that could reshape international cooperation? GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalAnthony Kamande, Inequality and Policy Research Advisor, Oxfam International. Anthony was also one of the key authors of Oxfam's annual inequality report this year.Sofía Sprechmann Sineiro, Chair, Pledge for Change on Decolonising Aid and former Secretary General, CARE InternationalKevin Watkins, Distinguished Fellow and former Executive Director, ODI Global. Kevin has long been a key voice on education, development finance, and the need for equitable public policy.Related resourcesRethinking policy for a new era of poverty (Event video, ODI Global)Takers Not Makers: The unjust poverty and unearned wealth of colonialism (Report, Oxfam International)SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs)Financing the fight against poverty and hunger - mobilising resources for a sustainable development goal reset (Report, ODI Global)What does poverty really mean today? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)

The term ‘fragility' is used to describe various complex challenges including protracted conflicts, weak state capacity, and vulnerability to climate-related shocks.Development progress has been the hardest in these contexts. But the landscape is changing, with new development players emerging – notably in the private sector. Private capital is reaching frontier economies (those in low- and middle-income countries impacted by so-called fragility), fuelled by an impact investing market of more than $1 trillion.Ahead of next week's World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, this episode examines who is shaping this new vision of development in frontier markets. Guests dissect the innovative approaches and collaborations needed to strengthen development efforts in areas affected by conflict and instability.Guests Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalJake Cusack, Co-Founder and Managing Partner, CrossBoundary GroupHeike Harmgart, Managing Director for Sub-Saharan Africa, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)Andrej Kirn, Head of International Organisations and Humanitarian Agenda, World Economic ForumSurer Mohamed, Research Fellow, Politics and Governance programme, ODI GlobalRelated resourcesHumanitarian and Resilience Investing Initiative (World Economic Forum)Mobilising European Institutional Investors into Emerging Markets and Developing Economies: three critical areas to address (Insight, ODI Global)Trillions or billions? Reassessing the potential for European institutional investment in emerging markets and developing economies (Report, ODI Global)Blended finance's broken promise and how to fix it (Event, ODI Global)Trillions or billions? The Future of European Institutional Investment in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (Event video, ODI Global)

Fast fashion has transformed how we consume clothing. A staggering 11.3 million tonnes of textile waste ends up in US landfills alone every year. This global fashion waste crisis has far-reaching consequences for the environment, economy and local communities. Sites which often appear like dumping grounds for unused goods can transform themselves into major sources of creativity and livelihoods. One such place is Kantamanto market in Ghana, a vibrant community and trading hub where waste is reimagined into beautiful, sustainable fashion. But Kantamanto is also a site of environmental hazards. On 2 January 2025, shortly after recording this episode, the market was hit by a devastating fire that has left over 100 shops and many livelihoods in ruins. It's the latest of several incidents, and illustrates the complex and precarious nature of daily life in Kantamanto.  This episode examines this reality in closer detail. Millions of second-hand garments are sent to Kantamanto from the West every week. Many are repaired, altered and resold by local businesses, whilst others are sent unusable, but at a cost to local traders.  Guests dissect what we can learn from Kantamanto market about how fast fashion and consumer behaviour is impacting African countries. We hear about how to create a fairer, more sustainable fashion industry, and why it's so critical the voices and realities of communities most directly impacted by fashion's waste problem are at the heart of solutions.  Guests Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalMarta Foresti, Founder and CEO, LAGO & Visiting Senior Fellow, ODI GlobalEkaette (Eka) Ikpe, ODI Global Board Member & Director, African Leadership CentreYayra Agbofah, Founder and Creative Director, the RevivalRelated resourcesLAGO Collective website: https://www.lagocollective.org/The Revival website: https://www.therevival.earth/Under the tangerine sun: the creative economy in global cities: https://odi.org/en/publications/under-the-tangerine-sun-the-creative-economy-in-global-cities/ (Insight, ODI Global)Tensions and duality in developing a circular fashion economy in Kenya: https://academic.oup.com/cjres/article/17/3/577/7721557 (Paper, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society)Fashion designers as lead firms from below: creative economy, state capitalism and internationalization in Lagos and Nairobi: https://url.uk.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/lWrXCE92zc3qnonCBCkI7tf_Q?domain=journals.sagepub.com (Paper, Sage Journals)Can art and design change the world? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)Creating our collective future: what the arts and design can do for development: https://odi.org/en/insights/creating-our-collective-future-what-the-arts-and-design-can-do-for-development/ (Insight, ODI Global)

2024 was a year of significant transitions – characterised by rapid technological progress, shifting geopolitical landscapes, and ongoing crises and conflicts. In this final episode of the year, we reflect on its defining moments and look ahead to the key trends likely to shape 2025.As the world becomes increasingly multipolar, the shift towards a more balanced global power structure brings both new perspectives and opportunities for collaboration. But this transition also presents challenges, with competing interests potentially impeding global cooperation. The redistribution of power may also deepen economic inequality and instability, and shift priorities in unexpected ways.In the face of these changes, leading commentators give their take on what to expect from the year ahead.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalJeremy Bowen, International Editor of BBC NewsBright Simons, Visiting Senior Fellow, ODI Global and President of mPedigreeLinda Yueh, Fellow in Economics, University of OxfordRelated resourcesRising China-US tensions fuel global economic slowdown ahead of Trump's inauguration (Insight, ODI Global)Tens of thousands of people forcibly disappeared: will the international community step up for Syrians? (Insight, ODI Global)Holding states to account: do humanitarians undermine civil society? (Insight, ODI Global)Europe and the new world order: an updated approach to foreign engagement (Briefing paper, ODI Global)Will China's influence in Africa's AI revolution undermine its sovereignty? (Insight, ODI Global)The environmental risks of generative AI: why better global governance is urgently needed (Insight, ODI Global)

Since April last year, Sudan has been engulfed in a brutal civil war which has claimed over 150,000 lives, displaced over 11 million people and created acute food insecurity.It is arguably the world's most devastating conflict. So why, over 600 days on, is Sudan still not getting the media and international attention it needs? And what can be done to spur more recognition and action for the people of Sudan, at a time when other crises like those in Gaza and Ukraine dominate the headlines?Journalists from Al Jazeera and the BBC join us to give their take and share lesser reported stories that highlight both the suffering and unwavering strength of Sudanese people.Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalHiba Morgan, Reporter, Al Jazeera EnglishJames Copnall, Newsday Presenter, BBC World ServiceMohanad Hashim, Journalist, BBC World ServiceRelated resourcesEvent recap: Sudan's humanitarian crisis slips further from sight (Event video, ODI Global)Event recap: Sounding the alarm on Sudan's hunger crisis (Event video, ODI Global)Remembering Darfur – marking 20 years of conflict and its fallout (Disasters journal, ODI Global)The politics of hunger – can famine in Gaza and Sudan be stopped? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)Three months into Sudan's conflict: humanitarian leaders on the violence, the humanitarian response and the future (Event video, ODI Global)Sudan conflict – how did we get here and what next? (Think Change podcast, ODI Global)From El-Fasher to Khartoum: The fallout from 20 years of conflict in Darfur (Event video, ODI Global)Have your say on Think ChangeWe'd love to get your feedback so we can continue to improve and grow the show. Please take this short survey. 

Our new Donors in a Post-Aid World (DPAW) dialogue series provides an informal space for reimagining the functions of Northern bilateral donors in an evolving global landscape. Last month, our first dialogue focused on creating a new narrative for Northern ‘donorship,' identifying opportunities for a refreshed approach to development cooperation.This episode discusses key takeaways from the first dialogue. Guests examine the challenges Northern donor institutions face in a post-aid world, and how they might redefine their roles for the future.Why does this matter? Today, Official Development Assistance (ODA) is expected to address a growing array of complex agendas: countering China, managing migration, tackling the climate crisis, and more.As demands grow for concessional public finance, donors lack the scaffolding of a single 'story' that they once had. What's more, as the lines between ‘developed' and ‘developing' countries blur, and the donor-recipient model of aid as charity is increasingly rejected, the traditional rationale for aid has reached its limits.In this episode, guests discuss how to navigate these challenges and build momentum for reforms that could influence key global policy processes.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalNilima Gulrajani, Principal Research Fellow, ODI GlobalHeba Aly, former CEO of The New HumanitarianFadhel Kaboub, Senior Advisor, Power Shift AfricaOmar Bargawi, Deputy Director and Head of the Development Policy & Partnerships Department, FCDOEngage with usWe want to hear from voices that do not get heard yet have deep insights and knowledge to reimagine donorship for the 21st century. Please do reach out to Nilima Gulrajani if you have any ideas or would like to write for us.The second dialogue will take place early in 2025, with four to take place over the next 18 months. Sign up to our Donors in a Post-Aid World newsletter to get updates about the dialogue series. Related resourcesDonors in a Post-Aid World (Project, ODI Global)Should a Northern donor exist in the 21st century? Introducing a new dialogue series (Insight, ODI Global)Donors In A Post-Aid World – January 2024 update (Insight, ODI Global)Crafting development power: evolving European approaches in an age of polycrisis (Report, ODI Global)Boosting gender equality with finance and fiscal policy (Project, ODI Global)Have your say on Think ChangeWe'd love to get your feedback on the show so we can continue to improve and grow it. Please take this 5 minute survey.

The world is experiencing significant shifts, and the recent US election stands as one of the most influential. This could introduce a new level of unpredictability to global politics, economic relations and social dynamics worldwide.Donald Trump's decisive victory has surprised many, and his re-election raises several important questions about how it will impact on global dynamics. A continued focus on "America First" could strain international alliances and fragment global cooperation, if US interests overshadow multilateral agreements.As Trump prepares to take office for the second time, he may also adopt a more assertive approach to foreign policy, likely impacting NATO relations and potentially intensifying tensions with China, Iran and Russia. His previous scepticism about the climate crisis may see reduced federal action which will hinder global climate agreements and slow carbon reduction efforts.In this episode guests analyse what to expect from Trump's return to the White House, both for the US and the world, including potential shifts across foreign, security, development, climate and migration policies.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI GlobalKarin Von Hippel, Director-General, Royal United Services Institute (RUSI)Ramsey Day, ODI Global Washington Board member and former USAID Assistant Administrator for Africa Jeremy Konyndyk, President, Refugees InternationalRelated resourcesManaging anti-immigration populism (Insight, ODI Global)Public narratives and attitudes towards refugees and other migrants: US country profile (Briefing paper, ODI Global)Four cost-effective ways the U.S. can pay its “fair share” of climate finance (Insight, ODI Global)Institutional misogyny is a threat to reproductive justice everywhere (Insight, ODI Global)Global approaches to refugee response: what difference can they make? (Insight, ODI Global)American journeys (Feature, ODI Global)

In the wake of our decision at ODI to suspend all activity on X (formerly Twitter), this episode examines the polarisation and hate so prevalent in today's social media landscape and what is driving it.Since Elon Musk took ownership of X two years ago there has been a rise of hate speech, mis- and disinformation on the platform. The UK riots, which we dissected in a recent episode, are a case in point. This worrying trend – alongside the commercialisation of its validation functions – led many politicians and organisations to stop using X.But are we just putting plasters on a much deeper issue? To what extent has this divide in society already existed?This episode examines these questions, and asks what action is needed to build safer, fairer digital societies. Guests explore the potential of social media to tackle subconscious biases, and take a stand against misinformation and online hate.We hear about the role policy-makers should play in tackling fake news and misinformation as well as social media platforms themselves, and what role AI could play in influencing these dynamics.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODINanjala Nyabola, Kenyan author, political analyst and and activistSandra Pepera, Chief Strategy and Governance Officer, ODIRelated resourcesODI suspends activity on X (Statement, ODI)Riots, race and misinformation – has alarmist rhetoric on migration gone too far? (Think Change podcast, ODI)How to tackle mis/disinformation with a human centred approach (Insight, ODI)10 things to know about misinformation and disinformation (Graphics/Briefing note, ODI)Has AI ushered in an existential crisis of trust in democracy? (Insight, ODI)Influencers and incumbency: digital disinformation and discontent in Nigeria's Presidential elections (Insight, ODI)Misinformation in Brazilian elections: can the judiciary stem the tide of political misinformation? (Insight, ODI)A war on many fronts: disinformation around the Russia-Ukraine war (Insight, ODI)How can AI become a force for social good? (Think Change podcast, ODI)Hidden in plain sight: how social media infrastructure shapes gender norms (Report, ODI/ALIGN)

Income inequality is high or worsening within many countries globally. This not only raises serious moral concerns. It also contributes to political instability and undermines inclusive economic growth.Governments can use taxation to reduce inequality. They do this by taxing people fairly and spending a share of the revenue on social safety nets for the poor, sick, unemployed or those most impacted by negative shocks, such as Covid-19 the climate emergency, and by investing in human capital through education and health. But many lower income countries cannot afford comprehensive social safety nets. Their options are limited because of rising costs of borrowing and narrow tax bases. This means not enough revenue is collected and not everyone pays their fair share.In this episode, guests examine how lower income countries can build more effective tax and transfer systems that can support fairer, more resilient and sustainable societies. The episode unpacks what is really meant by tax systems and social spending, why equitable taxation is critical, how governments can go about improving tax and social protection systems in practice. Guests Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIHazel Granger ( Senior Research Fellow, ODI)Professor Andrés Velasco (Dean of the School of Public Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and former Minister of Finance, Chile) Alex Cobham (Chief Executive, Tax Justice Network)Related resourcesTaxDev - The centre for tax analysis in developing countriesIncome inequality, gender and the role of tax and transfers (Event video and podcast, ODI)Fiscal policy and gender income inequality: the role of taxes and social spending (Report, ODI)The problem with tax potential estimates – key considerations to develop sustainable tax systems (Insight, ODI)Inflation, incomes and inequality – how can lower-income countries use fiscal policy to the greatest effect? (Insight, ODI)

As conflicts continue to spiral in many parts of the world, from those who dominate the headlines daily to the ones that we barely hear about, global instability is increasing in the context of rising food insecurity, forced displacement, and climate change. We need to step up our collective commitment to building peaceful societies.  In September 2024, the United Nations hosted the Summit of the Future, bringing together world leaders to create a new international consensus on how to address global challenges and create a better future, with the aim to settle conflicts peacefully and expand youth participation in global decision-making, amongst others. This episode discusses how we can prevent conflict and rebuild solidarity and accountability in a fragmented world. What are the challenges and how can we mitigate against them?  How can we involve marginalised groups to build an inclusive global architecture that serves those on the ground working on peacebuilding initiatives? Disclaimer: This episode was recorded in advance of the Summit. Guests Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODI Elizabeth Spehar, Elizabeth Mary Spear, Assistant Secretary-General for Peacebuilding Support, UN Department of Political Affairs Joyce Mendez, United Nations Secretary General's Youth Advisory Group Jago Salmon, Senior Research Associate, Politics and Governance Resources:https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/content/2025-review-un-peacebuilding-architecture (Peacebuilding Architecture Review, UN) https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future (Summit of the Future, UN) https://odi.org/en/insights/a-pact-for-the-future-needs-a-stronger-awareness-of-un-financing-in-the-present/ (Blog, ODI) https://odi.org/en/events/women-at-the-forefront-the-transformative-impact-of-the-unscr-1325-on-women-peace-and-security/ (Event, ODI) https://odi.org/en/publications/working-with-humanitarians-is-a-nightmare-dynamics-surrounding-locally-led-peacebuilding-in-somalia/ (Report, ODI) https://odi.org/en/insights/event-recap-community-engagement-armed-actors/ (Event, ODI) https://odi.org/en/publications/meeting-report-security-and-climate-change-implications-for-hdp-programmes-in-somalia/ (Meeting Report, ODI) https://odi.org/en/publications/community-engagement-protection-and-peacebuilding-reviewing-evidence-and-practice/ (Journal article, ODI) https://odi.org/en/insights/physician-heal-thyself-a-new-agenda-for-peace-must-look-inwards-first-to-address-institutional-obstacles-to-building-and-preventing-peace/ (Expert Comment, ODI) 

The fatal stabbing of three young girls in Southport by 17-year-old Axel Rudakubana back in July ignited riots which have swept across the UK and made global headlines.What followed from the tragedy was a racist, Islamophobic and anti-migrant campaign fuelled by misinformation and disinformation, which spilled into the streets with targeted attacks on mosques and ethnic minorities.This senseless violence again cast a spotlight on systemic issues of racism and inequality, and highlighted the potentially deadly consequences of our collective failure to tackle false information online, as well as the demonisation of migrants.This episode dissects these problems, asking what the recent riots reveal about the rise of the far right in the UK and elsewhere, and how to counter alarmist rhetoric on migration. Our guests discuss how we can move forward towards a place of greater solidarity, understanding and trust.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIAfua Hirsch, JournalistFizza Qureshi, CEO, Migrants' Rights NetworkMarvin Rees, Visiting Senior Fellow, ODI and former Mayor of BristolKathryn Nwajiaku-Dahou, Director, Politics and Governance programme, ODIRelated resourcesMigration and Displacement Hub (ODI)Migration decision-making: beyond political rhetoric and guesswork (Event, ODI)As UK public attitudes toward migration are increasingly positive, it's time for more balanced and evidence-based narratives (Blog, ODI)Public narratives and attitudes towards refugees and other migrants: UK country profile (Briefing, ODI)Public and political narratives and attitudes towards refugees and other migrants: implications for action (Project, ODI)Hearts and minds: How Europeans think and feel about immigration (Data visualisation, ODI)Why many policies to lower migration actually increase it (Blog, The Conversation)Humanitarian hypocrisy, double standards and the law in Gaza (Blog, ODI)Navigating narratives in Ukraine: humanitarian response amid solidarity and resistance (Blog, ODI)How to tackle mis/disinformation with a human centred approach (Blog, ODI)10 things to know about misinformation and disinformation (Briefing, ODI)

This episode examines the challenges leaders at the forefront of tackling today's multiple crises are facing, and the leadership skills and approaches desperately needed to navigate these uncertain times.We are teaming up with Tandem for this episode – ODI's Global Executive Leadership Programme. Tandem is building a community of humanitarian and development leaders around the world, equipping them with the skills and connections to address today's most pressing global challenges and build a brighter future for all.Fresh from graduating from the Tandem programme, two inspirational leaders join our host Sara Pantuliano to reflect on the unique challenges facing humanitarian leaders today – at a time when political instability, conflicts, geopolitical tensions and climate crisis are all creating increasingly complex operating environments.We hear about what their experiences with Tandem over the past nine months have taught them, and how these are reshaping their own approach to leading in crisis settings.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODISasha Kapadia, Director of Global Advisory, ODIGaurav Ray, Head of the Bangladesh Office, German Red CrossLisa Jean, Iraq Country Director, Mines Advisory Group Related resourcesTandem Leadership LinkedIn pageTandem websiteLeading through crisis: what works and what doesn't (event video/podcast)Better leadership, better world: introducing Tandem (ODI blog)Humanitarian leadership: learning from the past and directions for the future (Tandem/ODI paper)Refugee leadership – how do we move from talk to action? (Think Change podcast)

To mark World Humanitarian Day, this episode examines how the rules of war have changed in our increasingly polarised world and asks how we can better protect the delivery of life-saving humanitarian assistance.World Humanitarian Day recognises and raises awareness of the courageous work of humanitarians around the world. It was established by the UN to commemorate the anniversary of a bomb attack on UN headquarters in Baghdad on 19 August 2003, which killed 22 humanitarian workers including the UN's chief humanitarian in Iraq Sergio Vieira de Mello.Last year was the deadliest on record for humanitarian workers, and 2024 could be even worse. The past few months have seen egregious attacks against aid workers in Gaza and in lesser reported conflicts, including in Sudan and South Sudan. International Humanitarian Law – designed to protect aid workers and civilians – has been repeatedly flouted.This episode puts these crises under the spotlight. We reflect on what these worrying trends reveal about the humanitarian aid system and the evolution of armed conflict today, as well as state of our global rules-based order.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODISorcha O'Callaghan, Director of the Humanitarian Policy Group, ODIAbby Stoddard, Partner, Humanitarian OutcomesOla Mohammed, Gaza Programme Manager, Muslim AidRelated resourcesHumanitarians in the line of fire: when acting for humanity proves deadlyThe meeting of humanitarian and civic space in Sudan: lessons for localisationEvent recap: Sounding the alarm on Sudan's hunger crisisWhatever happens now, South–South solidarity with Gaza has already exposed the WestGaza: a litmus test for the humanitarian sector's commitment to decolonisation?Humanitarian hypocrisy, double standards and the law in Gaza

We are taking a break from our regular schedule this month to look back on some of the most popular episodes released since Think Change first aired back in March 2022.This episode revisits a conversation we released last year, and the halfway point of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals deadline to end poverty and reduce inequalities.We asked what poverty really means today, and if old notions of ending poverty simply by increasing individual income above an arbitrary line are even useful anymore.This year we have looked closely at trends across a range of issues – both globally and by region – which has revealed just how much effort is needed if we want to meet these targets by 2030, with no one left behind.With the so-called ‘polycrisis' pushing more people into poverty, and the World Bank's Poverty and Inequality Platform's global poverty estimates at 712 million people living below the $2.15 per day poverty line, we asked our guests how we define and fight poverty today.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIRathin Roy, Visiting Senior Fellow and former Managing Director, ODIYamini Aiyar, President and Chief Executive, Centre for Policy ResearchRicardo Fuentes-Nieva, Chief Economist for DataPop Alliance and former Director of the Equity and Social Policy Programme, ODI

This episode revisits some of our favourite conversations since the first Think Change podcast aired back in March 2022.Since that time we have released over 50 episodes and been lucky to host some brilliant guests, who have shared their analysis and stories with us on a range of critical global issues – from MDB reform and the debt crisis in the Global South to the future of the Africa-China relationship and the latest concerning developments in Gaza.The themes examined across all episodes are incredibly diverse, but they share a focus on reimagining a new vision for international cooperation in our polarised world – and a hope for building a more equal, peaceful and resilient planet.Browse and listen back to all episodes of the Think Change podcast.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIAchim Steiner, UNDP AdministratorIan Bremmer, President and Founder, Eurasia GroupKathryn Nwajiaku-Dahou, Director, Politics and Governance programmeAlexis Akwagyiram, Managing Editor, Semafor AfricaMavis Owusu-Gyamfi, Executive Vice President, African Center for Economic TransformationArancha González, Dean of the Paris School of International AffairsLinda Calabrese, Research Fellow, ODIYunnan Chen, Research Fellow, ODIRonak Gopaldas, Director, Signal RiskAlex de Waal, Executive Director, World Peace FoundationRelated resourcesODI in conversation with Achim SteinerThink Change episode 22: On borrowed time? The sovereign debt crisis in the Global SouthThink Change episode 25: Africa-China – where is the relationship heading?Think Change episode 37: what trends will shape 2024? Part 1Think Change episode 38: what trends will shape 2024? Part 2Think Change episode 31: what do borrowing countries think of MDB reform?Think Change episode 40: will the ICJ ruling change anything for Gaza?

The impacts of the climate crisis are widely known and have rightfully spurred international action, but the hastening collapse of global biodiversity receives far less attention.Biodiversity is the life support system of our planet. We also depend on intact ecosystems for our food and water supplies, medical advances and disease prevention, climate stability, shelter and so much more.In financial terms, a staggering 55% of global GDP depends on high-functioning biodiversity.But nearly all species on earth are currently undergoing population declines, at speeds far quicker than scientists would expect.Reversing the decline of nature depends on international cooperation. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework represents a watershed moment for multilateral governance and action to conserve biodiversity and restore ecosystems. One of the goals of the framework is to "invest and collaborate", but currently, the biodiversity finance gap stands at $700 billion a year.So what can be done to mobilise resources to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity? Experts examine ways forward and reflect on what must be done to reduce the harmful incentives that fuel biodiversity loss.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODILaetitia Pettinotti, Research Fellow, ODIAnaid Velasco, Environmental Lawyer and Mexico Director, Climate Finance Group for Latin America and the CaribbeanJeremy Eppel, Co-Founder, Eppel Sustainability and Senior Adviser, Nature FinanceRelated resourcesA fair share of biodiversity finance: apportioning responsibility for the $20 billion target by 2025Biodiversity finance in MexicoBiodiversity finance in NepalBiodiversity finance in NamibiaWhat do we have to lose? Understanding and responding to climate-induced loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services

The recent European elections came at a pivotal time for Europe and its relations with the rest of the world. In the continent, the economic squeeze, along with the public's concern around security and migration, drove the outcome of the elections. Across the world, the rise in protectionist and nationalist ideology threatens the future of the multilateral system. At risk is the global commitment to the climate crisis and human rights.  The Brussels policy debate is highly Eurocentric, but has extraterritorial impact, often with unanticipated consequences, across the globe. There is an urgent need for European Institutions and Member States to navigate these challenges effectively, to shape a European response. In this episode of the Think Change podcast we discuss the outcome of the European elections and how this will influence the EU's foreign policy; the future of the multilateral system; and how dialogue and more equal partnerships with the rest of the world is essential to maintain Europe's standing in the world. Guests:Sara Pantuliano, Chief Executive, ODIAmbassador João Vale de Almeida, previously Ambassador of the European Union to the United Nations; Ambassador of the European Union to the United States; and following Brexit, the first head of the future EU delegation to the UK.Professor Carlos Lopes, Honorary Professor at the Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance Faculty of Commerce at the University of Cape TownSuzanne Lynch, journalist and author of POLITICO's Global PlaybookRelated resources: Where next for feminist foreign policy on funding feminist movements?Supporting Ukraine is costly – but Europe should be clear on the risks of letting Russia winCan the Displaced Talent for Europe pilot address green skills shortages in Europe?Can ‘the West' be trusted? The future of European humanitarian aid

Small island developing states (SIDS) suffer disproportionately from external shocks. They face an existential threat from the climate emergency, while global economic uncertainty and geopolitical shifts have derailed recent progress that SIDS have made towards achieving growth and resilience.That's why governments of SIDS and their international partners met in Antigua and Barbuda a fortnight ago for the SIDS4 conference, which aimed to formulate a 10-year action plan intended to chart ‘the course toward resilient prosperity' for small island nations.In this episode, guests review this seminal conference, setting it in context of the unique challenges that SIDS face. We hear about the strengths of the Antigua and Barbuda Plan (ABAS) that emerged from it and what is missing from this framework. Guests outline reforms that are urgently needed to drive meaningful change for SIDS.GuestsSara Pantuliano, Chief Executive, ODIAmbassador Walton Webson, Permanent Representative of Antigua and Barbuda to the UNEmily Wilkinson, Senior Research Fellow, ODIJean-Paul Adam, Director for Technology, Climate Change and Natural Resources Management in the UN Economic Commission for AfricaRelated resourcesResilient and Sustainable Islands Initiative (RESI)Small Islands Big Picture podcast: Will the 4th UN International Conference on SIDS generate ‘resilient prosperity'?Small Islands Big Picture podcast (all episodes)The SIDS Future Forum 2024: Shaping the future of Small Island Developing StatesPreparatory meetings for the Fourth International Conference on Small Island Developing States: participation, priorities and outcomesFinancing resilient prosperity in SIDSWhy small islands need their own Marshall Plan

Time is running out to keep the climate goals set out in the Paris Agreement within reach. Wealthy countries have introduced new industrial and green trade policy measures, but there are concerns that some of these are having adverse effects – hitting countries that have contributed the least to the climate crisis the hardest.This episode examines the concept of the ‘green squeeze' – the notion that climate-related trade policies are negatively impacting low-income countries, unfairly putting the burden of adjustment on them. We ask what the ‘green squeeze' means, both at a broader policy level and on the ground for producers having to adapt to these new trade measures.What can be done to help exporting countries navigate such measures? Would the Villars Framework enable a more equitable way forward?At a time when geopolitical tensions are running high and countries are fighting for leadership on green technology, guests discuss what action is needed to drive fair and sustainable progress on green trade.GuestsSara Pantuliano, Chief Executive, ODIFaizel Ismail, Director of the Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance, University of Cape TownJan Yves Remy, Director of the Shridath Ramphal Centre for International Trade Law, Policy and Services (the SRC), University of the West IndiesJodie Keane, Senior Research Fellow, ODIRelated resourcesNew EU trade rules could put poor countries in a billion dollar ‘green squeeze' (ODI blog)The ‘green squeeze': an explainer (ODI paper)Navigating green trade measures: avoiding a “green squeeze” (ODI event video)Leading experts gather at ODI to reimagine global trade for a sustainable future (ODI statement)COP28 side event | Enabling a “green seize” of new trade opportunities for LDCs: learning from the Covid-19 response to address the climate emergency (ODI event video)Avoiding a “green squeeze” and advancing new trade opportunities for LDCs (ODI event video)Africa's green trade opportunities: policy insights for aligning trade and climate action (ODI blog and event video)Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms: clarity needed on support for adjustment (ODI blog)Air Miles 2.0? How to ensure Africa is not penalised by net-zero policy spillovers (ODI blog)

The Declaration on Climate, Relief, Recovery and Peace was signed last year at COP28 in Dubai. This recognised the unique challenge of addressing the climate emergency in areas affected by conflict and fragility, and called for “bolder, collective action” to support them.But what does this look like in practice?Despite being among the most vulnerable to climate change, conflict-affected countries receive just a fraction of the climate finance that is allocated to more stable regions.As we build up to the UN Summit for the Future and COP29, this episode examines what can be done to address this critical conflict blind spot in climate action.Guests assess the security impacts of the climate crisis, and the urgent need to scale up funding and support where it is most needed to avoid deepening instability.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIHanna Serwaa Tetteh, UN Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Horn of AfricaKatarina Kertysova, Climate Security Officer, NATORosita Najmi, Co-Founder, CIFAR and ODI Board MemberResourcesCOP28 Declaration on Climate, Relief, Recovery and PeaceClimate Innovations for Adaptation and Resilience (CIFAR) AllianceCall to Action: Responsible Digital Payments to Accelerate Climate Action (Better Than Cash Alliance)Bolstering Women's Climate Resilience and Adaptation through Financial Services (CGAP)Climate Landscape Series (BFA Global)COP28 finally shines a spotlight on conflict-affected countries (ODI blog)Building Forward Better: a pathway to climate-resilient development in fragile and conflict-affected situations (ODI report)Climate adaptation in no-man's land: research bridging the conflict-climate gap (ODI report)What the case of Somalia can show us about financing climate action in conflict-affected countries (ODI blog)A New Agenda For Peace (UN brief)

The question of how multilateral development banks need to reform themselves so they are fit to face today's global challenges was again high on the agenda at the recent World Bank/IMF Spring Meetings in Washington, D.C.These debates and recommendations for reform can be technical and complex, but what do the people these financial institutions were set up to serve think about what changes are needed?This episode, which was recorded from the sidelines of the Spring Meetings in Washington, D.C., considers whether development finance is really reaching those who need it most. We ask how we can harness recent trends and technological advances so they work for – rather than against – the most vulnerable.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODILiesbet Steer, President and CEO of the Education Development Center & Chair of the ODI North America BoardAndrew Herscowitz, Executive Director, ODI North AmericaSheila Warren, CEO, Crypto Council for Innovation and ODI North America Board MemberRelated resourcesODI's Spring Meetings resources hubHow to better reach underserved borrowers (ODI event)Towards an MDB agenda for reform in FCV (ODI paper)Navigating fragility: the new multilateral agenda (ODI event)Matching finance to need (ODI event)Do we need a new Bretton Woods agreement for the post-Covid era? (Think Change podcast)Will early blooms bear fruit? Key takeaways from the 2024 World Bank Spring Meetings (ODI blog)MDB Insights: 2024 Spring Meetings previewed (ODI blog)

The crises of hunger in Sudan and Gaza are grave humanitarian emergencies with profound consequences for affected communities.A recent UN briefing to the Security Council stated that Sudan is set to face the “world's worst hunger crisis”, while an international committee of experts issued a dire warning that famine is not only imminent in Northern Gaza, but a risk across the entire territory.While man-made famine continues to be used as a weapon of war for political gain, the prevailing response from international humanitarian agencies is to provide food aid. But is this really the solution? And how does it affect local humanitarian efforts?This episode dives into these questions and seeks to hold those responsible for these hunger crises to account.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIAlex de Waal, Executive Director of the World Peace FoundationOmima Omer Jabal, Khartoum State ERR Jabal Awliya Program OfficeHamish Young, Senior Emergency Coordinator in Gaza, State of PalestineNuha Yousif, ERR Sennar state, Programme officeRelated resourcesSounding the alarm on Sudan's hunger crisis (ODI event recap)Sudan conflict – how did we get here and what next? (Think Change podcast) From El-Fasher to Khartoum: The fallout from 20 years of conflict in Darfur (ODI event) Sudan's humanitarian crisis slips further from sight (ODI event recap)Humanitarian hypocrisy, double standards and the law in Gaza (ODI blog)Will the ICJ ruling change anything for Gaza? (Think Change podcast)

Global public debt is at unprecedented levels. The UN has reported that nearly half of the world's population lives in countries that spend more paying off debts to other countries than they spend on healthcare for their own people.While needs soar as countries try to address the impact of the poly-crisis and invest significantly to transform their economies and societies, economic growth is in sharp retreat in many nations in the Global South.The World Bank is calling for donor governments to step up. They have put ‘IDA replenishment' top of the agenda at this month's Spring Meetings in Washington, D.C.But why is the World Bank calling for this record replenishment? Join us as we explore the case for the IDA to become more effective and efficient at a time of soaring needs.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIAnnalisa Prizzon, Principal Research Fellow, ODISeynabou Sakho, Director of Strategy and Operations for the World Bank Office of the Managing Director of OperationsGregory Chen, MD of Ultra-Poor Graduation Initiative, BRAC InternationalRelated resourcesODI on multilateral development banksODI Day at the 2024 Spring Meetings Bigger, but also better: why MDB reform must go further (ODI blog)One year on, the World Bank must focus on how to implement its Evolution Roadmap (ODI blog)Matching finance to need (Davos 2024 event video)Strengthening MDBs: the triple agenda (Annual Meetings 2023 event video)What do borrowing countries think of MDB reform? (Think Change podcast)

When it comes to development, creative and cultural practitioners are too often overlooked and underestimated as agents of change.  According to UNESCO, the creative and cultural sector is one of the most powerful engines of global development. It accounts for nearly 50 million jobs worldwide, representing 6.2% of all existing employment and 3.1% of global GDP.  On this episode, our guests discuss the immense potential of art, design and creativity to inspire social development and tackle global injustices. They unveil the ways in which creative projects are more than aesthetic pursuits – they are at the heart of change and testament to our shared humanity, fostering human connections and challenging the status quo. Join us as we explore the intersection of creativity and development, and ask why – and how – creative and policy communities must work more closely together to change the world. This episode was produced in partnership with LAGO. Guests Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIFederica Fragapane, Information Designer and ODI Research Associate  Adama Sanneh,  CO-Founder and CEO, Moleskine Foundation  Marta Foresti, Visiting Senior Fellow, ODIRelated resourcesCreating our collective future: what the arts and design can do for developmentOn Freedom of Movement (wi de muv) trailer (youtube.com) Hearts and minds | How Europeans think and feel about immigrationKey workers: migrants' contribution to the COVID-19 responseThe Beauty of Movement: arts and research for new migration narratives | ODI: Think change Data and design: making stories visible The ALIGN - Advancing Learning and Innovation on Gender Norms - Platform | Align Platform

Between 2008 and 2016, 21.5 million people a year were forcibly displaced from their homes by weather-related events, and the UNHCR predicts that globally, 1.2 billion people could be displaced by 2050 due to climate change.This represents a hugely impactful but often overlooked consequence of climate change – one we are ill equipped to deal with.With immigration expected to dominate the elections happening throughout 2024, today we are discussing how and why our changing climate is creating a new wave of migration and what this means for approaches to immigration policy and the rise of nativism.GuestsSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIGaia Vince, Environmental Journalist and Author of Nomad Century: How climate migration will reshape our worldMichai Robertson, Research Fellow, ODIClaire Kumar, Senior Research Fellow, ODI Europe

Femicide – the intentional killing of women and girls with a gender-related motivation – affects every society around the world.According to UN Women, nearly 89,000 women and girls were killed intentionally in 2022 – the highest number recorded in the past 20 years. And over half of all female homicides were committed by family members or intimate partners.This episode puts a spotlight on this global atrocity. Experts from Italy, Kenya and Mexico share insights on how femicide is impacting their countries. We examine its root causes, how women's movements are countering it, and what further action is urgently needed to bring about truly lasting change.While comprehensive legislation is a critical starting point, we hear why challenging gender norms which make misogyny so deeply entrenched in society is fundamental if we are to curb femicide and see transformational change.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIDinah Musindarwezo, Co-CEO, Womankind WorldwideDiana Jiménez Thomas Rodriguez, Senior Research Officer, ODINicoletta Mandolini, Researcher, CECS, Universidade do Minho, PortugalRelated resourcesGender-related killings of women and girls (femicide/feminicide): Global estimates of female intimate partner/family-related homicides in 2022 (UN Women report)10 ways to transform gender norms (ALIGN booklet)Transforming gender norms for women's economic rights and empowerment (ALIGN report)Is no space safe? Working to end gender-based violence in the public sphere (ALIGN briefing paper)Mobilising for change: how women's social movements are transforming gender norms (ALIGN report)Think Change podcast: how can we counter the anti-feminist backlash? (ODI)From allyship to action: how men can step up to end violence against women (ODI event video/podcast)ODI in conversation with Emma Dabiri: can coalitions counter the anti-feminist backlash? (ODI event video/podcast)Women's organisations and feminist mobilisation: supporting the foundational drivers of gender equality (ODI briefing paper)

In November, South Africa approached the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to call for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and to consider whether Israel is committing genocide.All eyes were on the Hague last month as the ICJ made its interim ruling, calling for Israel to "take all measures within its powers" to prevent civilian deaths in Gaza. But it stopped short of ordering a ceasefire.The court also ruled that aid must be allowed into Gaza. But since then, allegations from Israel that some employees of UNRWA – Gaza's biggest aid agency – were involved in the 7 October Hamas attacks has resulted in 16 donor countries suspending UNRWA funding.In this episode, legal, humanitarian and foreign policy experts take stock of these events and dissect what the ICJ ruling really means for Israel, Gaza and wider geopolitical relations.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIKate Mackintosh, Executive Director, UCLA Law Promise Institute EuropeRaz Segal, Associate Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Stockton UniversityRonak Gopaldas, Director, Signal RiskSorcha O'Callaghan, Director of Programme, Humanitarian Policy GroupRelated resourcesSouth Africa's ICJ case has already altered its foreign policy space (Institute for Security Studies)Humanitarian hypocrisy, double standards and the law in Gaza (ODI insight)Gaza | The politics of narrative (ODI event)Israel/OPT crisis - what's needed to stop the bloodshed? (ODI podcast)Palestine and Israel - How can justice prevail? (ODI podcast)

Artificial intelligence (AI) dominated conversations at the recent World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos.The release of ChatGPT to the public in December 2022 put AI firmly in the spotlight. And today it is all around us, promising to transform how we live our lives. But there are plenty of concerns and warnings about how it could impact the world. Many have sounded the alarm, even the so-called “Godfather of AI” Geoffrey Hinton, who has been vocal about the dangers of the technology he helped to create.In this episode, experts reflect on the ethical implications of these technological advances. We ask how AI can become a force for social good which empowers people globally rather than entrenching inequalities. And with over half the world due to go to the polls in 2024, what impact will AI have on politics in this major election year and beyond?SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIVilas Dhar, President, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, and advocate of data and AI for goodGabriela Ramos, Assistant Director-General, Social and Human Sciences, UNESCOStephanie Diepeveen, Senior Research Fellow, ODIResourcesHas AI ushered in an existential crisis of trust in democracy? (ODI insight)International AI Governance must be truly global (ODI insight)

Last year was a bumpy one for the global economy, with sluggish growth, high inflation, tightened monetary policy and instability in the financial sector. This all played out against a backdrop of increased geopolitical tensions and fiscal pressures.This second podcast in our two-part mini-series on 2024 trends examines the global economic outlook for the year ahead. Will the next 12 months be defined by more uncertainty, or are there reasons to be optimistic about changes ahead?Experts discuss the big economic trends and developments to watch out for in 2024, including the outlook for global trade, prospects for India's economy and green investment, and what needs to happen to tackle persistent income inequality within and between countries.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIArancha González Laya, Dean of the Paris School of International AffairsRathin Roy, Visiting Senior Fellow, ODIMichael Jacobs, Professor of Political Economy, University of Sheffield & ODI Visiting Senior FellowRelated resourcesThink Change episode 37: what trends will shape 2024? Part 1

2023 has been another year marked by major crises. This final episode reflects on where we are now, and the major global themes shaping 2024.The world is at a pivotal moment as we try to cope with multiple, interconnected crises. The number of people fleeing war, persecution and violence is at an estimated 114 million, against a backdrop of rising geo-political tensions, carbon emissions, food and energy crises, and economic instability.All this comes at a time when systems are overwhelmed, and international cooperation remains fragmented. But are there reasons for optimism?Next year will be the biggest election year in history with more than half the world due to exercise their right to vote, putting the spotlight on the state of global democracy.In this episode our guests share their unique perspective on the major themes and forces shaping 2024.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIIan Bremmer, President and Founder, Eurasia GroupAlexis Akwagyiram, Managing Editor, Semafor AfricaKathryn Nwajiaku-Dahou, Director of Programme, Politics and Governance, ODI

An increase in modern slavery in the last five years has been met with a decrease in the political will needed to address it.But what can consumers do to make more ethical choices this holiday season and beyond? In this episode we navigate the intricate web of human trafficking, exploitation and forced labour within global supply chains. We put the spotlight on the retail industry, exposing its role in the disproportionate vulnerability of women and children to forced labour.Our guests delve into the evolving response of the world to human trafficking challenges, exploring the complexities tied to migration and government policies. As the discussion unfolds, the conversation draws crucial links to the theme of sustainability and provides practical advice for consumers.~Join Sara Pantuliano and guests in this exploration of ethical consumerism, human rights and the collective responsibility to create a sustainable world.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODINasreen Sheikh, Survivor, Author and Social EntrepreneurGrace Forrest, Founding Director, Walk FreeEkaette Ikpe, Director, African Leadership Centre, Kings College London, and ODI board member

The rights and treatment of refugees is never far from the media headlines. Hostile narratives and politicised rhetoric dominate the news at a time when globally, solidarity for refugees continues to decline.But with devastating conflict and climate hazards forcing more and more people from their homes, is the international community failing on its shared commitment to refugees?It's been five years since the global compact on refugees was established in 2018, a commitment that enshrines responsibility to governments, international organisations, and other stakeholders to support refugees and host communities.With the Global Refugee Forum due to take place in Geneva this December, on this episode we look critically at the difference these agreements can make and how can we hold signatories to account. We ask our guests if the vision of global solidarity for refugees and their hosts is still achievable.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIShaza Alrihawi, Human Rights Activist, Global Refugee NetworkZoe Gardner, Migration Policy SpecialistAmanda Gray Meral, Research Fellow, ODILauren Post Thomas, Senior Advocacy Officer, Hilton Foundation

The Global Food Security Summit is about to get under way, where political leaders and experts will come together to discuss how to make urgent progress on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: to achieve zero hunger and end all forms of malnutrition by 2030.Around 345 million people experience acute food insecurity according to the World Food Programme – an increase of 200 million compared to pre-pandemic levels. And the UN has warned we are not on track to achieve this global goal.So how did we get here? And do these alarming numbers mask longer-term progress towards achieving SDG 2?This episode paints a full picture of global hunger and malnutrition today. We ask whether the food system is really broken, and how the humanitarian system can better respond to food crises around the world. Our guests also share their hopes for what can be achieved at the upcoming Summit.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIValerie Guarnieri, Deputy Executive Director, Programme and Policy Development, World Food ProgrammeDr Stella Nordhagen, Senior Technical Specialist, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)Dr Luka Biong Deng Kuol, Adjunct professor at Institute of Peace, Development and Security Studies, University of Juba, South SudanSteve Wiggins, Principal Research Fellow, ODI

The world today is grappling with a multitude of conflicts, each of which different levels of global attention.In this episode, we shine a spotlight on a deeply under-reported humanitarian crisis in Nagorno-Karabakh (also known as Artsakh), situated in the South Caucasus. Historically predominantly inhabited by Armenians, Nagorno-Karabakh falls within the internationally recognised borders of Azerbaijan.On September 19, 2023, after decades of simmering tension and warfare, Azerbaijan launched an offensive against the ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. This offensive came after more than nine months of a complete blockade imposed by Azerbaijan, resulting in the displacement of over 100,000 ethnic Armenians. Prominent experts and humanitarian organisations have condemned this offensive as an act of ethnic cleansing.This episode delves into the dire humanitarian situation in the region in the wake of these events and explores the future prospects for its ethnic Armenian population.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODILara Setrakian, journalist and Founder, Applied Policy Research Institute of ArmeniaGeoffrey Robertson, Human Rights barrister and co-head of Doughty Street ChambersSiranush Sargysan, freelance journalist from Nagorno-KarabakhResourcesLessons from an unending conflict (The Daily podcast, New York Times)Resolution on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan's attack and the continuing threats against Armenia (European Parliament)Nagorno-Karabakh resources (Human Rights Watch)Azerbaijan: Blockade of Lachin corridor putting thousands of lives in peril must be immediately lifted (Amnesty International)A humanitarian disaster is under way in Nagorno-Karabakh (The Economist)What cultural genocide looks like for Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh (TIME)

We are now two weeks into the latest escalation of the long and bloody conflict between Israel and Hamas. A humanitarian catastrophe is unfolding in Gaza, prompting UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to call for an immediate ceasefire to stop the indiscriminate bombing of civilians and civilian objects.But on the same day, a UN Security Council Resolution calling for a ‘humanitarian pause' was blocked by the US government – with the UK and Russia abstaining. Political action is needed now but global leaders are in a diplomatic gridlock, which risks further destabilising the region.In this episode, experts discuss the horrifying situation in Gaza and what action is needed immediately to uphold international humanitarian law and stop the bloodshed.Speakers:Sara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIRobert Mardini, Director-General, ICRCSari Bashi, Program Director, Human Rights WatchIhsan Adel, Founder and Chair of Law for Palestine, international lawyerSorcha O'Callaghan, Director of Humanitarian Policy Group, ODI

The question of how multilateral development banks (MDBs) must transform themselves to address today's most pressing global challenges will again be under the spotlight at next week's World Bank/IMF Annual Meetings in Marrakech.Business as usual will no longer do. In this episode – produced in collaboration with the Center for Global Development – we ask what the countries these banks were set up to serve think about how MDBs should adapt and evolve. After all, their demands and preferences should shape the lending volumes, strategies and operations of MDBs.But the reality is we know little about these preferences, what client countries value about MDBs, and what they think the banks' weaknesses are – potentially curbing their demand for assistance in the medium to long term.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIMasood Ahmed, President of the Center for Global DevelopmentAnnalisa Prizzon, Principal Research Fellow, ODIMavis Owusu-Gyamfi, Executive Vice President of the African Center for Economic TransformationAmadou Hott, Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, AfDB and former Minister of Economy, Planning, and Cooperation of SenegalIyabo Masha, Director and Head of Secretariat, G24Related resourcesODI at the Annual MeetingsMDBs can drive transformative change – now the G20 must inject urgency and sustain its supportCountry perspectives on multilateral development banks: a survey analysisA fair share of climate finance? An appraisal of past performance, future pledges and prospective contributorsMDB Reform Accelerator (Center for Global Development) Interactive African Transformation Index (African Center for Economic Transformation)

The High-Level Week of the UN General Assembly is about to get under way. This is a significant year because it marks a halfway point in the delivery of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs or ‘Global Goals'), which were adopted in a 2015 UN resolution known as Agenda 2030.These goals were designed to provide a "shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future.” Following the Covid-19 pandemic and other compounding shocks which we've come to call the “poly-crisis”, there has been much debate about how to get the SDGs back on track. But were they achievable in the first place? And as governments face stark trade-offs in the face of multiple crises, how useful are the SDGs as a framework for navigating them?This episode examines what collective progress has been made towards Agenda 2030, and what a post-Agenda 2030 could look like.SpeakersSara Pantuliano, Chief Executive, ODI (host)Ambassador David Donoghue, ODI Distinguished FellowRachel Kyte, the 14th Dean of the Fletcher School at Tufts UniversityAmbassador Macharia Kamau, Kenya's Principal Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign AffairsRelated resourcesWhat are the Sustainable Development Goals? (UN Development Programme)

Following the Israeli government's recent attacks in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and against its own Supreme Court, our new Think Change podcast explores the growing threat to human rights for all those affected.According UN experts, the recent Israeli air strikes and ground operations in the occupied West Bank focussing on the Jenin refugee camp, which left many dead and displaced 4000 people, constitute war crimes and a violation of international law.As Israel's far-right government continues to attack its own checks and balances, we look at the chilling effect this could have on democratic values around the world. After five decades of occupation, what are the implications of a ‘one state reality' for human rights and the rule of law?SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIKenneth Roth, attorney, human rights activist, and writerFrancesca Albanese, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territoriesIhsan Adel, lawyer, PhD researcher and Founder and Chair of Law for PalestineRelated resourcesSpecial Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967

On the cusp of the Women Deliver Conference in Kigali, Rwanda this episode explores the growing anti-rights agenda relating to women and sexual minorities.Women's rights and freedoms are being compromised and are under threat in many parts of the world. Well-funded, ultra conservative forces are pushing a narrative which directly targets the liberties of women, girls and sexual minorities.How can we counter the anti-feminist backlash in a coordinated and effective way? Can advocates for women's rights work together to confront and dismantle this dangerous trend? And what role can global pacts and policy movements play in the face of landmark legislation such as Roe v Wade being overturned? We speak to four experts heading to Kigali about the challenges, and reflect on how feminists movements might come together to present a coordinated response.SpeakersSara Pantuliano, Chief Executive, ODIMaliha Khan, President and CEO, Women DeliverEvelyne Opondo, Director of the International Center for Research on Women, AfricaAlvaro Bermejo, Director General, International Planned Parenthood FederationAyesha Khan, Senior Research Fellow, ODIRelated resourcesFacing the backlash: what is fuelling anti-feminist and anti-democratic forces? (Align platform)LGBTQI+ rights are not just for Pride MonthODI in conversation with Emma Dabiri: can coalitions counter the anti-feminist backlash?Think Change episode 5: how can global feminists help fight back on Roe?From allyship to action: how men can step up to end violence against womenHow to partner with feminist movements for transformative change

To mark Refugee Week, we highlighting the transformational impact that refugee leadership and expertise can bring to refugee responses.The importance of refugee leadership is now widely recognised. It is a key focus of the Global Compact on Refugees, which pledges to support refugee-led organisations (RLOs) and enable meaningful participation.But is this rhetoric materialising into practical action on the ground? Is refugee leadership taken seriously at an international level? Why is there a gap between theoretical pledges and tangible support? And what needs to happen now to strengthen refugee leadership and drive meaningful change?Experts from some of the world's leading refugee-led organisations discuss the opportunities and challenges they face.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODIRez Gardi, international lawyer, human rights advocate & Co-Managing Director of Refugees Seeking Equal Access at the Table (R-SEAT)Jean Marie Ishimwe, refugee advocate, journalist, and Partnerships Lead & Co-Founder At Youth Voices CommunityAnila Noor, refugee activist, speaker, researcher and Founder of New Women ConnectorsRelated resourcesWhat do Europeans really think about migrants? (ODI podcast)To address complex refugee problems, the refugee regime should be accountable to the population it serves (ODI blog)Refugees and IDPs need to be included in public services, how do we do this in practice? (ODI blog)

Next week, world head to Paris for the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact.In the words of French President Emmanuel Macron, the Summit will ‘provide a forum to take stock on all the means and ways of increasing financial solidarity within the South.'It builds on the so-called Bridgetown Initiative launched at COP by Prime Minister of Barbados, Mia Mottley, but goes beyond Bridgetown's climate focus to cover a broad range of issues, from poverty and human development to the debt crisis.Politically, the message is clear: this Summit will be different from the others. This time, there will be true pledges and concrete deliverables. This time, it is all about building a new contract between the North and the South.Is this realistic? Can we expect a true dialogue this time? And what is at stake if this Summit doesn't deliver on its promises?Related resourcesWhere has the money come from to finance rising climate ambition? (ODI emerging analysis)Multilateral development banks as catalysts for private sector mobilisation: in conversation with EBRD President Odile Renaud-Basso (ODI event video)The time is now: what the World Bank's (R)evolution Roadmap should look like (ODI insight)Open letter to new World Bank President Ajay Banga: be the catalyst for reform the World Bank so urgently need (ODI insight)~Governance of multilateral development banks: Options for reform (ODI report)Think Change episode 22: On borrowed time? The sovereign debt crisis in the Global South (ODI podcast)

African countries have had close economic relationships with China for many years. China is a major trade and investment partner, technology and infrastructure collaborator and development finance player in Africa.This has challenged traditional Western donors who had colonial relationships with many African countries as well as the US, until now the unquestionable dominant security and military power interacting with the continent.Earlier this year Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said that ‘leaving Africa in China's hands is a big mistake'. Just last month, the UK's Minister of State for Development Andrew Mitchell hinted at the competition in Africa between the West on one side, and China and Russia on the other side.But as always, the reality is way more complex than this simple narrative. African countries entertain relationships with Europe, North America and Asia at the same time. What does the partnership with China mean for African countries? Will this mean a boost to Africa's economic diversification and manufacturing growth? Will it bring greater independence and autonomy to African actors?In this episode we explore how African countries are shaping their own relationship with China beyond big infrastructure projects and the role the Chinese private sector is playing in fuelling investment and growth on the African continent.SpeakersSara Pantuliano (host), Chief Executive, ODITin Hinane el Kadi, political economy researcher, London School of Economics and Political ScienceYuezhou Yang, researcher, London School of Economics and Political ScienceLinda Calabrese, Research Fellow, ODI & Doctoral Fellow, Lau China Institute, King's College LondonAnzetse Were, Senior Economist at Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) Kenya