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Hey guys, what you are about to listen to is an extremely graphic episode that will contain many scenes of gore, rape, human experimentation, honestly it will run the gambit. If you got a weak stomach, this episode might not be for you. You have been warned.  I just want to take a chance to say a big thanks to all of you guys who decided to join the patreon, you guys are awesome! Please leave a comment on this episode to let me know what more you want to hear about in the future. With all of that said and done lets jump right into it.   Where to begin with this one? Let start off with one of the major figures of Unit 731, Shiro Ishii. Born June 25th, 1892 in the village of Chiyoda Mura in Kamo District of Chiba Prefecture, Ishii was the product of his era. He came from a landowning class, had a very privileged childhood. His primary and secondary schoolmates described him to be brash, abrasive and arrogant. He was a teacher's pet, extremely intelligent, known to have excellent memory. He grew up during Japans ultra militarism/nationalism age, thus like any of his schoolmates was drawn towards the military. Less than a month after graduating from the Medical department of Kyoto Imperial University at the age of 28, he began military training as a probation officer in the 3rd regiment of the Imperial Guards division. Within 6 months he became a surgeon 1st Lt. During his postgraduate studies at Kyoto Imperial university he networked successfully to climb the career ladder. As a researcher he was sent out to help cure an epidemic that broke out in Japan. It was then he invented a water filter that could be carried alongside the troops.   He eventually came across a report of the Geneva Protocol and conference reports of Harada Toyoji as well as other military doctors. He became impressed with the potential of chemical and biological warfare. During WW1 chemical warfare had been highly explored, leading 44 nations to pass the Geneva Protocol or more specifically  “Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare”. Representatives from Japan were present at this conference and were involving in the drafting and signing of the Geneva Protocol, but it was not ratified in Japan at the time. Ishii's university mentor, Kiyano Kenji suggested he travel western countries and he did so for 2 years. Many nations were secretive about their research, but some places such as MIT were quite open. After his visit Ishii came to believe Japan was far behind everyone else in biological warfare research. After returning to Japan Ishii became an instructor at the Imperial Japanese Army Medical School. Japan of course lacked significant natural resources, thus it was a perfect nation to pursue biological weapons research. Ishii began lobbying the IJA, proposing to establish a military agency to develop biological weapons. One of his most compelling arguments was “that biological warfare must possess distinct possibilities, otherwise, it would not have been outlawed by the League of Nations.”   Ishii networked his way into good favor with the Minister of Health, Koizumi Chikahiko who lended his support in August of 1932 to allow Ishii to head an Epidemic Prevention Laboratory. Ishii secured a 1795 square meter complex at the Army Medical College. Yet this did not satisfy Ishii, it simply was not the type of work he wanted to do. The location of Tokyo allowed too many eyes on his work, he could not perform human experimentation. For what he wanted to do, he had to leave Japan, and in the 1930's Japan had a few colonies or sphere's of influence, the most appetizing one being Manchuria. In 1932 alongside his childhood friend Masuda Tomosada, Ishii took a tour of Harbin and he fell in love with the location.   During the 1930's Harbin was quite a cosmopolitan city, it was a major trading port and diverse in ethnicities and religions. Here there were Mongols, Russians, Chinese, Japanese, various other western groups in lesser numbers. Just about every religion was represented, it was a researcher's paradise for subjects. Ishii sought human experimentation and needed to find somewhere covert with maximum secrecy. He chose a place in the Nan Gang District of Beiyinhe village, roughly 70 kms southeast of Harbin. It was here and then he began human experimentation. One day in 1932, Ishii and the IJA entered the village and evacuated an entire block where Xuan Hua and Wu Miao intersected. They began occupying a multi-use structure that had been supporting 100 Chinese vendors who sold clothes and food to the locals. They then began drafting Chinese laborers to construct the Zhong Ma complex to house the “Togo Unit” named after the legendary admiral, Togo Heihachiro. The Chinese laborers were underpaid and under constant watch from Japanese guards, limiting their movement and preventing them from understanding what they were building, or what was occurring within the complex. The complex was built in under a year, it held 100 rooms, 3 meter high brick walls and had an electric fence surrounding the perimeter. One thousand captives at any given time could be imprisoned within the complex. To ensure absolute secrecy, security guards patrolled the complex 24/7. Saburo Endo, director of Operations for the Kwantung Army once inspected the Togo Unit and described it in his book “The Fifteen Years' Sino-Japanese War and Me”, as such:   [It was] converted from a rather large soy sauce workshop, surrounded by high rammed earth wall. All the attending military doctors had pseudonyms, and they were strictly regulated and were not allowed to communicate with the outsiders. The name of the unit was “Tōgō Unit.” One by one, the subjects of the experiments were imprisoned in a sturdy iron lattice and inoculated with various pathogenic bacteria to observe changes in their conditions. They used prisoners on death row in the prisons of Harbin for these experiments. It was said that it was for national defense purposes, but the experiments were performed with appalling brutality.The dead were burned in high-voltage electric furnaces, leaving no trace.    A local from the region added this about the complex “We heard rumors of people having blood drawn in there but we never went near the place. We were too afraid. When the construction started, there were about forty houses in our village, and a lot of people were driven out. About one person from each home was taken to work on the construction. People were gathered from villages from all around here, maybe about a thousand people in all. The only things we worked on were the surrounding wall and the earthen walls. The Chinese that worked on the buildings were brought in from somewhere, but we didn't know where. After everything was finished, those people were killed.”    Despite all the secrecy, it was soon discovered prisoners were being taken, primarily from the CCP and bandits who were being subjected to tests. One such test was to gradually drain a victim of blood to see at what point they would die. The unit drew 500 cc of blood from each prisoner every 3-5 days. As their bodies drew weaker, they were dissected for further research, the average prisoner lasted a maximum of a month. Due to the climate of Manchuria, it was soon established that finding methods to treat frostbite would benefit the Kwantung army. Ishii's team gathered human subjects and began freezing and unfreezing them. Sometimes these experiments included observing test subjects whose limbs had been frozen and severed. The Togo team reported to General Okamura Yasuji, the deputy commander in chief of the Kwantung army from 1933-1934 that the best way to treat frostbite was to soak a limb in 37 degree water. According to the testimony of a witness named Furuichi at trial done in Khabarovsk , “Experiments in freezing human beings were performed every year in the detachment, in the coldest months of the year—November, December, January and February. The experimental technique was as follows: the test subjects were taken out into the frost at about 11 o'clock at night, compelled to dip their hands into a barrel of cold water and forced to stand with wet hands in the frost for a long time. Alternatively, some were taken out dressed, but with bare feet and compelled to stand at night in the frost during the coldest period of the year. When frostbite had developed, the subjects were taken to a room and forced to put their feet in water of 5 degrees Celsius, after which the temperature was gradually increased.”   Sergeant Major Kurakazu who was with Unit 731 later on in 1940 and taken prisoner by the Soviets in 1945 stated during the Khabarovsk trial , “I saw experiments performed on living people for the first time in December 1940. I was shown these experiments by researcher Yoshimura, a member of the 1st Division. These experiments were performed in the prison laboratory. When I walked into the prison laboratory, ve Chinese experimentees were sitting there; two of these Chinese had no fingers at all, their hands were black; in those of three others the bones were visible. They had fingers, but they were only bones. Yoshimura told me that this was the result of freezing experiments.”   According to Major Karasawa during the same trial Ishii became curious about using plague as a weapon of war and captured plague infected mice to test on subjects in the Zhong Ma Complex “Ishii told me that he had experimented with cholera and plague on the mounted bandits of Manchuria during 1933-1934 and discovered that the plague was effective.”   According to Lt General Endo Saburo's diary entry on November 16th of 1933, at the Zhong Ma complex “The second squad which was responsible for poison gas, liquid poison; and the First Squad which was responsible for electrical experiments. Two bandits were used by each squad for the experiments.  Phosgene gas—5-minute injection of gas into a brick-lined room; the subject was still alive one day aer inhalation of gas; critically ill with pneumonia.  Potassium cyanide—the subject was injected with 15 mg.; subject lost consciousness approximately 20 minutes later.  20,000 volts—several jolts were not enough to kill the subject; injection of poison required to kill the subject.  5000 volts—several jolts were not enough; aer several minutes of continuous current, subject was burned to death.”    The Togo Unit established a strict security system to keep its research highly confidential. Yet in 1934, 16 Chinese prisoners escaped, compromising the Zhong Ma location. One of the guards had gotten drunk and a prisoner named Li smashed a bottle over his head and stole his keys. He freed 15 other prisoners and of them 4 died of cold, hunger and other ailments incurred by the Togo unit. 12 managed to flee to the 3rd route army of the Northeast Anti Japanese united Army. Upon hearing the horrifying report, the 3rd route army attacked the Togo unit at Beiyinhe and within a year, the Zhong Ma complex was exploded.    After the destruction of the Zhong Ma complex, Ishii needed a better structure. The Togo unit had impressed their superior and received a large budget. Then on May 30th of 1936 Emperor Hirohito authorized the creation of Unit 731. Thus Ishii and his colleagues were no longer part of the Epidemic Prevention Institute of the Army Medical School, now they were officially under the Kwantung Army as the Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department. Their new HQ was located in Pingfan, closer to Harbin. Their initial budget was 3 million yen for the personnel, 200-300 thousand yen per autonomous unit and 6 million yen for experimentation and research. Thus their new annual budget was over 10 million yen.    Pingfan was evacuated by the Kwantung army. Hundreds of families were forced to move out and sell their land at cheap prices. To increase security this time, people required a special pass to enter Pingfan. Then the airspace over the area became off-limits, excluding IJA aircraft, all violators would be shot down. The new Pingfan complex was within a walled city with more than 70 buildings over a 6 km tract of land. The complex's huge size drew some international attention, and when asked what the structure was, the scientists replied it was a lumber mill. Rather grotesquely, prisoners would be referred to as “maruta” or “logs” to keep up the charade. Suzuki, a Japanese construction company back then, worked day and night to construct the complex.    Now many of you probably know a bit about Unit 731, but did you know it's one of countless units?  The Army's Noborito Laboratory was established (1937) The Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the North China Army/ Unit 1855 was established (1938)  The Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of Central China/ Unit 1644 (1939)  Thee Guangzhou Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of South China Army/ Unit 8604 (1942)  The Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Southern Expeditionary Army/ Unit 9620 (1942).    There were countless others, detachments included Unit 1855 in Beijing, Unit Ei 1644 in Nanjing, Unit 8604 in Guangzhou, and later Unit 9420 in Singapore. All of these units comprised Ishii's network, which, at its height in 1939, oversaw over 10,000 personnel.   Victims were normally brought to Pingfan during the dead of night within crammed freight cars with number logs on top. They were brought into the building via a secret tunnel. According to a witness named Fang Shen Yu, technicians in white lab coats handled the victims who were tied in bags. The victims included anyone charge with a crime, could be anti-japanese activity, opium smoking, espionage, being a communist, homelessness, being mentally handicap, etc. Victims included chinese, Mongolians, Koreans, White Russians, Harbin's jewish population and any Europeans accused of espionage. During the Khabarovsk trial, Major Iijima Yoshia admitted to personally subjecting 40 Soviet citizens to human experimentation. Harbin's diversity provided great research data. Each prisoner was assigned a number starting with 101 and ending at 1500. Onec 1500 was reached, they began again at 101, making it nearly impossible to estimate the total number of victims. Since the complex had been labeled a lumber mill to the locals, most did not worry about it or were too afraid to do so. The prison's warden was Ishii's brother Mitsuo who made sure to keep it all a secret.    Ethics did not exist within Ishii's network of horrors. Everything was done efficiently in the name of science. Pingfang was equipped for disposing the evidence of their work in 3 large incinerators. As a former member who worked with the incinerators recalled “the bodies always burned up fast because all the organ were gone; the bodies were empty”. Human experimentation allowed the researchers their first chance to actually examine the organs of a living person at will to see the progress of a disease. Yeah you heard me right, living person, a lot of the vivisections were done on live people. As one former researcher explained "the results of the effects of infection cannot be obtained accurately once the person dies because putrefactive bacteria set in. Putrefactive bacteria are stronger than plague germs. So, for obtaining accurate results, it is important whether the subject is alive or not." Another former researcher said this “"As soon as the symptoms were observed, the prisoner was taken from his cell and into the dissection room. He was stripped and placed on the table, screaming, trying to fight back. He was strapped down, still screaming frightfully. One of the doctors stuffed a towel into his mouth, then with one quick slice of the scalpel he was opened up." Witnesses of some of these vivisections reported that victims usually let out a horrible scream when the initial cuts were made, but that the voice stops soon after. The researchers often removed the organ of interest, leaving others in the body and the victims usually died of blood loss or because of the removed organ. There are accounts of experiments benign carried out on mothers and children, because yes children were in fact born in the facilities. Many human specimens were placed in jars to be viewed by Tokyo's army medical college. Sometimes these jars were filled with limbs or organs but some giant ones had entire bodies.   Vivisection was conducted on human beings to observe how disease affected each organ once a human dies. According to testimony given by a technician named Ogawa Fukumatsu “I participated in vivisections. I did them every day. I cannot remember the amount of people dissected. At first, I refused to do it. But then, they would not allow me to eat because it was an order; gradually I changed.” Another technician Masakuni Kuri testified  “I did vivisection at the time. Experiments were conducted on a Chinese woman with syphilis. Because she was alive, the blood poured out like water from a tap.”   A report done by Shozo Kondo studied the effects of bubonic plague on humans. The number of subjects was 57 with age ranging from toddlers to 80 years old with mixed gender. The study used fleas carrying plague that were dispersed upon the local population in June of 1940 at Changchun. 7 plague victims were Japanese residents. The report stated the plague spread because of lack of immunity by the townspeople. Subjects' survival time ranged from 2-5 days, with only 3 surviving 12, 18 and 21 days. The subjects were infected with Glandular, Cutaneous or Septicemic plague, but most had the Glandular variety.     In addition to the central units of Pingfang were others set up in Beijing, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Singapore. The total number of personnel was 20,000. These satellite facilities all had their own unique horror stories. One was located in Anda, 100km from Pingfang where outdoor tests for plague, cholera and other pathogens were down. They would expose human subjects to biological bombs, typically by putting 10-40 people in the path of a biological bomb. A lot of the research was done to see the effective radius of the bombs, so victims were placed at different distances. At Xinjing was Unit 100 and its research was done against domesticated animals, horses particularly. Unit 100 was a bacteria factory producing glanders, anthrax and other pathogens. They often ran tests by mixing poisons with food and studied its effects on animals, but they also researched chemical warfare against crops. At Guangzhou was unit 8604 with its HQ at Zhongshan medical university. It is believed starvation tests ran there, such as the water test I mentioned. They also performed typhoid tests and bred rats to spread plague. Witness testimony from a Chinese volunteer states they often dissolved the bodies of victims in acid. In Beijing was Unit 1855 which was a combination of a prison and experiment center. They ran plague, cholera and typhus tests. Prisoners were forced to ingest mixtures of germs and some were vaccinated against the ailments. In Singapore after its capture in February of 1942 there was a secret laboratory. One Mr. Othman Wok gave testimony in the 1990s that when he was 17 years old he was employed to work at this secret lab. He states 7 Chinese, Indian and Malay boys worked in the lab, picking fleas from rats and placing them in containers. Some 40 rat catchers, would haul rats to the lab for the boys to do their work. The containers with fleas went to Japanese researchers and Othman says he saw rats being injected with plague pathogens. The fleas were transferred to kerosene cans which contained dried horse blood and an unidentified chemical left to breed for weeks. Once they had plague infected fleas in large quantity Othman said "A driver who drove the trucks which transported the fleas to the railway station said that these bottles of fleas were sent off to Thailand." If this is true, it gives evidence to claims Unit 731 had a branch in Thailand as well. Othman stated he never understood or knew what was really going on at the lab, but when he read in 1944 about biological attacks on Chongqing using fleas, he decided to leave the lab. Othman states the unit was called Unit 9240.  As you can imagine rats and insects played a large role in all of this. They harvested Manchuria rat population and enlisted schoolchildren to raise them. In the 1990s the Asahi Broadcasting company made a documentary titled “the mystery of the rats that went to the continent”. It involved a small group of high school children in Saitama prefecture asked local farmers if they knew anything about rat farming during the war years. Many stated everybody back then was raising rats, it was a major source of income. One family said they had rat cages piled up in a shed, each cage built to carry 6 rat, but they had no idea what the rats were being used for. Now hear this, after the war, the US military kept these same families in business. The US army unit 406 which was established in Tokyo to research viruses wink wink, would often drive out to these farms in their american jeeps collecting rats.  Getting fleas was a much tricker task. One method was taking older Chinese prisoners and quarantining them with clothes carrying flea or flea eggs and allowing them to live in isolated rooms to cultivate more fleas. These poor guys had to live in filth and not shave for weeks to produce around 100 fleas a day. Now Unit 731 dealt with numerous diseases such as Cholera.  Some experiments used dogs to spread cholera to villages. They would steal dogs from villages, feed them pork laced with cholera germs and return them to the villages. When the disease finished incubating the dogs would vomit and other dogs would come and eat the vomit spread it more and more. The dogs were also stricken with diarrhea and the feces spread it to other dogs as well. 20% of the people in villages hit by this died of the disease. Former army captain Kojima Takeo was a unit member involved in a Cholera campaign and added this testimony "We were told that we were going out on a cholera campaign, and we were all given inoculations against cholera ten days before starting out. Our objective was to infect all the people in the area. The disease had already developed before we got there, and as we moved into the village everyone scattered. The only ones left were those who were too sick to move. The number of people coming down with the disease kept increasing. Cholera produces a face like a skeleton, vomiting, and diarrhea. And the vomiting and defecating of the people lying sick brought flies swarming around. One after the other, people died." I've mentioned it a lot, Plague was a staple of Unit 731. The IJA wanted a disease that was fast and fatal, Cholera for instance took about 20 days, plague on the other hand starts killing in 3 days. Plague also has a very long history of use going back to the medieval times. It was one of the very first diseases Ishii focused on. In october of 1940 a plague attack was conducted against the Kaimingjie area in the port city of Ningbo. This was a joint operation with Unit 731 and the Nanjing based Unit 1644. During this operation plague germs were mixed with wheat, corn, cloth scraps and cotton and dropped from the air. More than 100 people died within a few days of the attack and the affected area was sealed off from the public until the 1960s.  Another horrifying test was the frostbite experiments. Army Engineer Hisato Yoshimura conducted these types of experiments by taking prisoners outside, dipping various appendages into water of varying temperatures and allowing the limbs to freeze. Once frozen, Yoshimura would strike their affected limbs with a short stick and in his words “they would emit a sound resembling that which a board gives when it is struck”. Ice was then chipping away with the affected area being subjected to various treatments, such as being doused in water, exposed to heat and so on. I have to mentioned here, that to my shock there is film of these specific frostbite experiments and one of our animators at Kings and Generals found it, I have seen a lot of things in my day, but seeing this was absolute nightmare fuel. If you have seen the movie or series Snowpiercer, they pretty much nail what it looked like.  Members of Unit 731 referred to Yoshimura as a “scientific devil” and a “cold blooded animal” because he would conduct his work with strictness. Naoji Uezono another member of Unit 731, described in a 1980s interview a disgusting scene where Yoshimura had "two naked men put in an area 40–50 degrees below zero and researchers filmed the whole process until [the subjects] died. [The subjects] suffered such agony they were digging their nails into each other's flesh". Yoshimuras lack of any remorse was evident in an article he wrote for the Journal of Japanese Physiology in 1950 where he admitted to using 20 children and 3 day old infant in experiments which exposed them to zero degree celsius ice and salt water. The article drew criticism and no shit, but Yoshimura denied any guilt when contacted by a reporter from the Mainichi Shimbun. Yoshimura developed a “resistance index of frostbite” based on the mean temperature of 5 - 30 minutes after immersion in freezing water, the temperature of the first rise after immersion and the time until the temperature first rises after immersion. In a number of separate experiments he determined how these parameters depended on the time of day a victim's body part was immersed in freezing water, the surrounding temperature and humidity during immersion, how the victim had been treated before the immersion ("after keeping awake for a night", "after hunger for 24 hours", "after hunger for 48 hours", "immediately after heavy meal", "immediately after hot meal", "immediately after muscular exercise", "immediately after cold bath", "immediately after hot bath"), what type of food the victim had been fed over the five days preceding the immersions with regard to dietary nutrient intake ("high protein (of animal nature)", "high protein (of vegetable nature)", "low protein intake", and "standard diet"), and salt intake. Members of Unit 731 also worked with Syphilis, where they orchestrated forced sex acts between infected and noninfected prisoners to transmit the disease. One testimony given by a prisoner guard was as follows “Infection of venereal disease by injection was abandoned, and the researchers started forcing the prisoners into sexual acts with each other. Four or five unit members, dressed in white laboratory clothing completely covering the body with only eyes and mouth visible, rest covered, handled the tests. A male and female, one infected with syphilis, would be brought together in a cell and forced into sex with each other. It was made clear that anyone resisting would be shot.” After victims were infected, they would be vivisected at differing stages of infection so that the internal and external organs could be observed as the disease progressed. Testimony from multiple guards blamed the female victims as being hosts of the diseases, even as they were forcibly infected. Genitals of female prisoners were infected with syphilis and the guards would call them “jam filled buns”. Even some children were born or grew up in the walls of Unit 731, infected with syphilis. One researcher recalled “one was a Chinese women holding an infant, one was a white russian woman with a daughter of 4 or 5 years of age, and the last was a white russian women with a boy of about 6 or 7”. The children of these women were tested in ways similar to the adults.  There was also of course rape and forced pregnancies as you could guess. Female prisoners were forced to become pregnant for use in experiments. The hypothetical possibility of transmission from mother to child of diseases, particularly syphilis was the rationale for the experiments. Fetal survival and damage to the womans reproductive organs were objects of interest. A large number of babies were born in captivity and there had been no accounts of any survivor of Unit 731, children included. It is suspected that the children of the female prisoners were killed after birth or aborted. One guard gave a testimony “One of the former researchers I located told me that one day he had a human experiment scheduled, but there was still time to kill. So he and another unit member took the keys to the cells and opened one that housed a Chinese woman. One of the unit members raped her; the other member took the keys and opened another cell. There was a Chinese woman in there who had been used in a frostbite experiment. She had several fingers missing and her bones were black, with gangrene set in. He was about to rape her anyway, then he saw that her sex organ was festering, with pus oozing to the surface. He gave up the idea, left and locked the door, then later went on to his experimental work.” In a testimony given on December 28 by witness Furuichi during the Khabarovsk Trial, he described how “a Russian woman was infected with syphilis to allow the scientists to and out how to prevent the spread of the disease.  Many babies were born to women who had been captured and become experimental subjects. Some women were kidnapped while pregnant; others became pregnant aer forced sex acts in the prisons, enabling researchers to study the transmission of venereal disease   Initially Unit 731 and Unit 100 were going to support Japan's Kantokuen plan. The Kantokuen plan an operation plan to be carried out by the Kwantung army to invade the USSR far east, capitalizing on the success of operation barbarossa. Unit 731 and 100 were to prepare bacteriological weapons to help the invasion. The plan was created by the IJA general staff and approved by Emperor Hirohito. It would have involved three-steps to isolate and destroy the Soviet Army and occupy the eastern soviet cities over the course of 6 months. It would have involved heavy use of chemical and biological weapons. The Japanese planned to spread disease using three methods; direct spraying from aircraft, bacteria bombs and saboteurs on the ground. This would have included plague, cholera, typhus and other diseases against troops, civilian populations, livestocks, crops and water supplies. The main targets were Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, Voroshilov, and Chita. If successful the Soviet Far East would be incorporated into Japan's greater east asia co-prosperity sphere. Within Kantokuen documents, Emperor Hirohtio instructed Ishii to increase production rate at the units, for those not convinced Hirohito was deeply involved in some of the worst actions of the war. Yet in the end both Emperor Hirohito and Hideki Tojo pulled their support for the invasion of the USSR and opted for the Nanshin-ron strategy instead.    On August 9th of 1945 the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria. In response, the Japanese government ordered all research facilities in Manchuria to be destroyed and to erase all incriminating materials. A skeleton crew began the liquidation of unit 731 on August 9th or 10th, while the rest of the unit evacuated. All test subjects were killed and cremated so no remains would be found. The design of the facilities however, made them hard to destroy via bombing, several parts of the buildings left standing when the Soviets arrived. While most of the unit's staff managed to escape, including Ishii, some were captured by the soviets. Some of these prisoners told the Soviets about the atrocities committed at Pingfang and Changchun. At first the claims seemed so outrageous, the Soviets sent their own Biological Weapons specialists to examine the ruins of Ping Fang. After a thorough investigation, the Soviet experts confirmed the experiments had been done there. The real soviet investigation into the secrets of Unit 731 and 100 began in early 1946, thus information was not readily available during the Tokyo Tribunal. Both the Americans and SOviets had collected evidence during the war that indicated the Japanese were in possession of bacteriological weapons though. Amongst the 600,000 Japanese prisoners of war in the USSR, Major General Kiyoshi Kawashima and Major Tomoio Karasawa would become essential to uncovering the Japanese bacteriological warfare secrets and opening the path to hold the Khabarovsk trial. The Soviets and Americans spent quite a few years performing investigations, many of which led to no arrests. The major reason for this was similar to Operation Paperclip. For those unaware, paperclip was a American secret intelligence program where 1600 German scientists were taken after the war and employed, many of whom were nazi party officials. The most famous of course was Wernher von Braun. When the Americans looked into the Japanese bacteriological work, they were surprised to find the Japanese were ahead of them in some specific areas, notably ones involving human experimentation. General Charles Willoughby of G-2 american intelligence called to attention that all the data extracted from live human testing was out of the reach of the USA. By the end of 1947, with the CCP looking like they might defeat Chiang Kai-Shek and the Soviet Union proving to be their new enemy, the US sought to form an alliance with Japan, and this included their Bacteriological specialists. From October to December, Drs Edwin Hill and Joseph Victor from Camp Detrick were sent to Tokyo to gather information from Ishii and his colleagues. Their final conclusion laid out the importance of continuing to learn from the Japanese teams, and grant them immunity. The British were also receiving some reports from the Americans about the Japanese Bacteriological research and human experimentation. The British agreed with the Americans that the information was invaluable due to the live human beings used in the tests. The UK and US formed some arrangements to retain the information and keep it secret. By late 1948 the Tokyo War Crimes Trial was coming to an end as the cold war tension was heating up in Korea, pushing the US more and more to want to retain the information and keep it all under wraps.  With formal acceptance, final steps were undertaken, much of which was overseen by General Douglas MacArthur. On May 6, 1947, Douglas MacArthur wrote to Washington that "additional data, possibly some statements from Ishii probably can be obtained by informing Japanese involved that information will be retained in intelligence channels and will not be employed as 'War Crimes' evidence.” Ishii and his colleagues received full immunity from the Tokyo War Crimes Trial. Ishii was hired by the US government to lecture American officers at Fort Detrick on bioweapons and the findings made by Unit 731. During the Korean War Ishii reportedly traveled to Korea to take part in alleged American biological warfare activities. On February 22nd of 1952, Ishiiwas explicitly named in a statement made by the North Korean FOreign Minister, claiming he along with other "Japanese bacteriological war criminals had been involved in systematically spreading large quantities of bacteria-carrying insects by aircraft in order to disseminate contagious diseases over our frontline positions and our rear". Ishii would eventually return to Japan, where he opened a clinic, performing examinations and treatments for free. He would die from laryngeal cancer in 1959 and according to his daughter became a Roman Catholic shortly before his death.  According to an investigation by The Guardian, after the war, former members of Unit 731 conducted human experiments on Japanese prisoners, babies, and mental patients under the guise of vaccine development, with covert funding from the U.S. government. Masami Kitaoka, a graduate of Unit 1644, continued performing experiments on unwilling Japanese subjects from 1947 to 1956 while working at Japan's National Institute of Health Sciences. He infected prisoners with rickettsia and mentally ill patients with typhus. Shiro Ishii, the chief of the unit, was granted immunity from prosecution for war crimes by American occupation authorities in exchange for providing them with human experimentation research materials. From 1948 to 1958, less than five percent of these documents were transferred to microfilm and stored in the U.S. National Archives before being shipped back to Japan.

Our guest this week is Othman (Adam) Hamdan. His story of being persecuted, detained, and imprisoned because of his race, ideas, and kindness by the government of kkkanada and all of the vast resources at their command. Is he bitter? Hard to sense even a slight bitterness when, in my mind, he has every right to bitterness and resentment. To fill his cups so to speak based on how these entities treated him. He is not bitter. He is focused on sharing his story in hopes that he can be of use to those still suffering within the system and to help him sort through the pain left by being falsely imprisoned. He sheds light on the immigration system, or as it is applied to those kkkanada deems threatening. Check out all that you can about The Imprisoned Blogger; Instagram, Facebook, and tiktok. Check out the website as well! Thank you Othman!

Othman Choufani is a big wave surfer from Morocco. He's spent thousands of kilometres in a car with Tom Curren driving through the Saharan desert in search of waves. He's earned his stripes at Jaws and on the North Shore of Oahu where he recently earned a spot as an alternate to The Eddie. He's part of the pioneering paddle crew at Nazare. And he is one of surfing's better known underground characters and good times guys. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Live from Time Out Market Dubai, James Knight-Paccheco sits down with one of the city's most daring culinary innovators: Chef Reif Othman. Known for blending humor with haute cuisine (yes, he's the guy behind the viral toilet roll cake), Reif shares his journey from creative concept to culinary cult favorite. But this episode is about much more than viral dishes - it's about how to stay consistent, adapt to a fast-changing food scene, and build a brand that balances innovation with business smarts. Expect real talk on: - Dubai's evolving food culture - The creative process behind his most talked-about dishes - Building a sustainable, scalable restaurant brand - Lessons every aspiring chef should hear 00:00 Introduction 01:06 Dubai's Culinary Scene and Trends 02:14 Meet Chef Reif Othman 03:56 Reif's Culinary Journey & Viral Creations 12:08 Business Advice for Young Chefs 16:33 Navigating New Culinary Experiences 17:44 Mastering Consistency 19:26 Building a Strong Brand 21:41 Upcoming Projects 22:38 Signature Dishes & Fan Favorites 23:55 Quick Fire Round 27:07 Final Thoughts Follow Chef Reif on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/reifo.kee This episode is proudly brought to you by Time Out Market Dubai.

In deze aflevering van Life Dreamers schuift Hamza Othman aan acteur, maker en dromer met een missie. Hij vertelt openhartig over de échte weg achter de schermen: de twijfels, de hustle, en het vuur dat hem drijft. Want dromen najagen klinkt mooi, maar wat kost het écht?

Grieß, Thielko www.deutschlandfunk.de, Interviews

Grieß, Thielko www.deutschlandfunk.de, Interviews

Most AI in healthcare promises superintelligence—but what if that's the wrong goal entirely?In this episode, Michael and Halle speak with Othman Laraki, co-founder and CEO of Color Health, to talk about why real-world care doesn't need a perfect model—it needs a better system. Othman breaks down how Color evolved from a consumer genetics startup into a nationwide virtual cancer clinic, why most diagnostics businesses fail, and how AI can actually support clinicians without trying to replace them.We cover:

IDM samples the new Dubai chocolate that's all the rage on TikTok. Shorts drives one of Othman's family members home from the airport. And the boys share their latest deep dives into TV and pop culture.

IDM opens by rating hot Mormon who'ers from a hit new reality show. O's fuh-china is gaslighting him mere minutes before job interviews. Othman describes everything that's wrong with the new Brett Favre documentary on Netflix.

Regardez BFM Story Week-end tous les week-ends sur BFMTV.

Entourée des journalistes de la rédaction d'Europe 1 et de ses invités, Pascale de La Tour du Pin analyse, mène les débats et remet en perspective les dernières actualités. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Tous les vendredis, samedis et dimanche soir, Pascale de La Tour du Pin reçoit deux invités pour des débats d'actualités. Avis tranchés et arguments incisifs sont au programme. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Othello's getting nervous as his wait to hear back on his new job stretches into Week 4. Bob The Builder offers to take his mind off things. Othman On The Job Site? And is DoorDash offering a sign of things to come?

Zum 3. Sonntag in der Fastenzeit "Oculi-Sonntag"

Othman Ktiri nos cuenta su apasionante historia, y cómo llegó a España y con solo 23 años fundó su propia empresa. Hoy OK Mobility Group, con sede en Mallorca, está presente en 21 mercados, factura más de 500 millones de € y cuenta con más de 850 empleados. En este episodio Othman nos cuenta sus comienzos, su crecimiento por las islas, España y Europa y cómo ha conseguido posicionar a OK Mobility como una plataforma de movilidad de referencia a nivel mundial.

Othman has a beef with a friend who's stuck in the past. IDM reviews Mark Zuckerberg's cool guy turn and Mel Gibson's appearance on Rogan.

Trois heures de direct à l'écoute de celles et ceux qui font le monde : le raconter, le décrypter et l'analyser pour donner des clés de lecture et de compréhension aux auditeurs.

Othman Nasrou, Premier secrétaire général délégué des Républicains, répond aux questions de Romain Desarbres au sujet de la lutte contre l'immigration clandestine, du droit du sol à Mayotte, ou encore de l'attaque à la Nouvelle-Orléans.

Othman Nasrou, Premier secrétaire général délégué des Républicains, affirme au micro de Romains Desarbres qu'"aujourd'hui acheter de la drogue c'est armer les trafiquants de drogue". Une déclaration faite en réponse à la proposition de légalisation de la drogue faite par le député LFI Sébastien Delogu. Une interview Europe-CNews à retrouver en intégralité sur le site d'Europe1.

durée : 00:20:36 - 8h30 franceinfo - Le premier secrétaire général délégué Les Républicains était l'invité du "8h30 franceinfo" le jeudi 26 décembre 2024.

Tiffany Eslick and Devina Divecha are closing out the year with a fun conversation with award-winning chef Reif Othman. Chef Reif shares it all—from his current favourite ingredient to his love for shopping. He also talks about his work with the CR Hope Foundation in Zanzibar. We'll be back again in the new year with more learning players in the food community. Until then, happy holidays!

Pejam celik dah lebih 10 tahun Amira Othman berada dalam industri sebagai seorang penyanyi, mesti banyak dugaan dan cabaran untuk stay relevant sampai sekarang kan? #jomsembang

Tous les soirs, la rédaction d'Europe 1 vous livre le concentré de l'actualité du jour, tout en gardant un œil sur les événements à venir avec les Unes de la presse du lendemain.

Deux heures de direct à l'écoute de celles et ceux qui font le monde : le raconter, le décrypter et l'analyser pour donner des clés de lecture et de compréhension aux auditeurs.

Othman Nasrou, secrétaire d'État à la Citoyenneté et à la Lutte contre les discriminations, répond aux questions de Romain Desarbres au sujet de l'immigration, de la drogue, de l'hommage à Samuel Paty et d'Israël.

In the ever-evolving landscape of technology and entrepreneurship, few stories are as multifaceted and inspiring as that of Othman Laraki. This interview dives into Othman's story, offering a deep exploration of the world of building, scaling, and transforming companies. Othman relates his experiences working in healthcare and artificial intelligence and eventually building Color Health. This venture has attracted funding from top-tier investors like General Catalyst Partners, Viking Global Investors, Emerson Collective, and T. Rowe Price.

Othman "Otto" Haddad is an expert in accessing your higher self particularly through the medium of sound. Otto started his career as a software engineer and in his words, released "good money" and a predictable path to pursue the guidance of his higher self. Otto is an incredibly open and honest soul with so much wisdom to share on how we can access the wisdom of our higher self, trust in courageous action, and make life leaps in all areas!*Please note that the discussion on accessing your intuition through traumatic experiences includes references to sexual trauma and suicide.* Host, Alicia SuttonAlicia's Website - https://www.aliciajanesutton.comAlicia's LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/aliciajanesutton/Connect with Alicia on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/aliciajanesutton/Connect with Alicia on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AliciaSuttonFB/Guest, Othman HaddadOtto's Website - https://www.othmanhaddad.comOtto's LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/othmanhaddad/Connect with Otto on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/othman.haddad.7Support the show

Deux heures de direct à l'écoute de celles et ceux qui font le monde : le raconter, le décrypter et l'analyser pour donner des clés de lecture et de compréhension aux auditeurs.

Othman Nasrou, secrétaire d'État à la Citoyenneté et à la Lutte contre les discriminations, répond aux questions de Sonia Mabrouk au sujet de la polémique au sujet du second prénom de Gérald Darmanin, du meurtre de Philippine pour lequel un Marocain sous OQTF et déjà condamné pour viol a été arrêté, des premières tensions au sein du gouvernement et du lien entre immigration et insécurité.

Datuk Seri Azalina Othman Said is the current minister in the PM's department in charge of law and institutional reform. On this Breakfast Grille, she reflects on her years in politics with the unique insight of having served under three different administrations - Barisan Nasional, Perikatan Nasional & Pakatan Harapan - as well as why it is so difficult to pass the institutional reforms promised in the manifestos of the coalition which eventually took control of Putrajaya.

Nasser provides updates and information on the International Justice Court's ruling against Israel's settlement polices, the Oslo Accords (1993), and Israel's breach of Article 3 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Nasser then speaks with Dr. Bushra Othman, a Palestinian-Australian woman and surgeon who recently reurned from volunteering at Shuhada al-Aqsa Hospital hospital in Deir Al-Balah, Gaza, with the Palestinian Australian New Zealand Medical Association (PANZMA). Dr. Othman speaks about her family life and history, the process of entering Gaza and the conditions she encountered, and her experiences of performing surgeries during her medical mission. Donate to PANZMA via panzma.org.Free Palestine Melbourne rally, State Library Victoria, Sundays 12pm.Info on upcoming events and actions via Free Palestine Melbourne Instagram.Daily broadcast updates via Let's Talk Palestine. 

Aujourd'hui, Mehdi Ghezzar, Elina Dumont et Emmanuel de Villers débattent de l'actualité autour d'Alain Marschall et Olivier Truchot.

Please join us at patreon.com/tortoiseshack Deanna Othman is a Palestinian American, who is both a journalist and educator. She is from the West Bank, but has traveled to Gaza twice, most recently in June 2023. In this episode of PalCast, she shares her experience of visiting Gaza and how the world has changed since then. Othman speaks of the feelings of being a Palestinian-American in the diaspora during Eid and the impact the genocide has had on her, especially as a mother. This year's Eid is different for both Palestinians in the diaspora and those trapped in Gaza. Othman shares her thoughts on the legacy of Refaat Alareer who visited Chicago in 2014 as part of a speaking tour. Yousef Aljamal, Helena Cobban and Tony Groves also discuss the latest updates from Gaza. The Gaza Appeal is here:https://www.patreon.com/posts/nuseirat-dr-105860337 The Eamon Ryan standing down podcast is here:https://www.patreon.com/posts/patron-exclusive-106432774

Please join us at patreon.com/tortoiseshack Deanna Othman is a Palestinian American, who is both a journalist and educator. She is from the West Bank, but has traveled to Gaza twice, most recently in June 2023. In this episode of PalCast, she shares her experience of visiting Gaza and how the world has changed since then. Othman speaks of the feelings of being a Palestinian-American in the diaspora during Eid and the impact the genocide has had on her, especially as a mother. This year's Eid is different for both Palestinians in the diaspora and those trapped in Gaza. Othman shares her thoughts on the legacy of Refaat Alareer who visited Chicago in 2014 as part of a speaking tour. Yousef Aljamal, Helena Cobban and Tony Groves also discuss the latest updates from Gaza. The Gaza Appeal is here:https://www.patreon.com/posts/nuseirat-dr-105860337 The Eamon Ryan standing down podcast is here:https://www.patreon.com/posts/patron-exclusive-106432774

Elettra Giunta and Adam Othman are a creative duo whose 2023 film To Hold My Love has been creating waves in the dance and cinema world. The two met by chance on a music video shoot and as they discuss with Anthony, connected creatively to capture choreography on film. Elettra is an Italian choreographer, movement director and producer based in London. She works across a range of sectors from film and music video, to fashion, live performances and installation settings. Adam Othman is a visual artist whose creative practice includes the direction of music videos, fashion, features and commercial films. Recently, Elettra, Adam, and Anthony sat down to think through the unique process employed to realize 'To Hold My Love', the importance of movement in all aspects of creativity, the trials and tribulations of fundraising independent projects and what the future has in store for their collaboration.About Elettra & Adamhttps://elettragiunta.com/https://adamothman.online/IG: @elettra.giuntaIG: @wmn.eventWatch To Hold My Love hereWMN* The Female Gaze at Reference Point London, 14 June 2024UpcomingInventory Art Book Fair, Cromwell Place, London, 7-9 June 2024Support Into the Paint on Patreon Support Into the Paint on Acast+ https://plus.acast.com/s/in-the-paint-1. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The name's Othman… or as fellow big wave surfers call him, Hot Man. The eccentric Moroccan can often be found in small airports or humungous barrels worldwide, dancing, high-fiving, and tracking swells to his next destination like a comet, forlorn damsels trailing close behind. Hot Man had a two-day layover in LA before he flew to Teahupoo, Tahiti, to place himself inside the throat of some scary oceanic cylinders. So, he crashed on my couch and we talked story. Follow him on the gram. Just don't fall in love… like I did. (Sigh.)If you dig this podcast, will you please leave a short review on Apple Podcasts? It takes less than 60 seconds and makes a difference when I drop to my knees and beg hard-to-get guests on the show. I read them all. You can join my newsletter on Substack. It's glorious.  Get full access to Kyle Thiermann at thiermann.substack.com/subscribe

 SZ.3/EP.32 of OZ Media's The Movement Podcast is now live! On today's episode we have Ali Algabri and Othman Alaansi on the show to talk about the community service work that they do. We will also compare older generation trends to newer generation trends and see if the changes are a good or bad thing.Be sure to tune in and check the episode out! This show was sponsored by:-Sidr Bees https://sidrbees.com/-Qahwah House https://www.qahwahhouse.com/-BC Adhesives https://www.bcadhesives.com/-Balkan House Restaurant https://www.thebalkanhouse.com/-Specialty Medical Center https://specialtymc.com/locations-dearborn-Juice Box Juiceboxblend.com-Hanley International Academy Hanleyacademy.com

In this episode, Jen Knox Shanahan delves into the intricacies of servant leadership and managing others with Adam Othman, Sales Associate Zone Leader at PepsiCo. Adam emphasizes the vital role of trust while navigating diverse teams, advocating for values-driven leadership that fosters impactful transformations within organizations.

Si vous aimez "Dans les yeux d'Olivier", le podcast qui donne la parole à ceux qui ne l'ont jamais, laissez des étoiles et des commentaires sur votre plateforme d'écoute préférée !Olivier Delacroix part à la rencontre de Zahra. Cette résidente du quartier de Bassens, au nord de Marseille, a été témoin d'une terrible fusillade dans sa cité. Elle a accepté de se confier sur son quotidien dans cet épisode du podcast "Dans les yeux d'Olivier" produit par Europe 1 Studio. Le 2 avril 2016, une fusillade, probablement liée au trafic de stupéfiants, survient aux abords d'une épicerie de la cité Bassens. Trois personnes sont tuées dans l'attaque et parmi elles, Othman. Un jeune homme de 21 ans qui n'a aucun lien avec ce règlement de comptes. Pour les habitants du quartier, c'est le choc. Zahra, mère de famille, a elle aussi grandi dans cette cité et ce soir-là, elle est témoin du drame. Employée comme ATSEM dans une crèche, elle a été forcée d'arrêter d'exercer après l'attaque, en raison de ses angoisses. Malgré les réclamations et les appels à l'aide, aucun suivi psychologique n'a été mis en place pour les familles témoins. La colère et le sentiment d'abandon sont palpables dans les rues du quartier de Bassens. Les adolescents ne sortent plus dans le quartier, par peur. Pour pallier le manque de centre social, Zahra a fondé l'association "Femmes de Bassens" afin de créer un lieu de partage pour les femmes et les enfants du quartier. Une initiative qui sert de pilier et de lieu de réconfort aux habitants. Dans cet épisode du podcast "Dans les yeux d'Olivier" produit par Europe 1 Studio, les résidents de ce quartier de Marseille confient leurs révoltes, leurs peurs mais aussi leurs actions pour l'avenir. Dans les yeux d'Olivier est un podcast Europe 1 StudioPrésentateur : Olivier Delacroix - Réalisateur : Kevin Housty - Productrice : Fannie Rascle et Clémence Olivier - Rédaction et diffusion : Lisa Soster - Graphisme : Cosa Vostra

Episode Notes Today's guest is Jamal Othman, the managing director for the Ice Academy of Montreal and Markey International Arts. Jamal was the 2009 Swiss national champion. In his post-competitive career, he has combined his interest in international business with his love of skating. In this episode, we talk about marketing and branding, the Olympic cycle, and how ice dance can fit between sports, art, and entertainment. This is also the first video episode for the Future of Figure Skating, so make sure to check out and subscribe to our YouTube channel to watch this conversation and future episodes. Thank you again to Jamal for sharing his thoughts and experiences with us. As always, the episode transcript is available: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bTCEZLBswkXeYA9fyBiWu_7Cgil6m8UYQSLgCV36-wY/edit You can follow Jamal's work at @iceacademyofmontreal and @markeyintlarts on Instagram. You can reach me with comments or suggestions for topics and people I should talk to, by email at fsfuturepodcast@gmail.com or on Instagram and Twitter @futurefspodcast . We are also now on YouTube, so make sure to subscribe there too for video episodes! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHbYK7VLpHJSCbfQwEcqGhg Special thanks to Ivan Danilyuk for editing and technical assistance. If you appreciate the podcast, you can also support my work with the Tip Jar at https://futureoffigureskating.pinecast.co Remember to subscribe and review The Future of Figure Skating podcast on whatever platform you use, and share it with your friends! Support The Future of Figure Skating by contributing to their tip jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/futureoffigureskating Find out more at https://futureoffigureskating.pinecast.co This podcast is powered by Pinecast.

Top Lithium and Hydrogen Stocks. Prepare for a carbon-free future with these lithium and hydrogen stocks. Investors like these socially responsible ESG ETFs and funds. Transcript & Links, Episode 114, September 22, 2023 Hello, Ron Robins here. So, welcome to this podcast episode 114 titled “Top Lithium and Hydrogen Stocks.” It's presented by Investing for the Soul. Investingforthesoul.com is your site for vital global ethical and sustainable investing mentoring, news, commentary, information, and resources. And look at my newly revised website at investingforthesoul.com! Tell me what you think. Now, remember that you can find a full transcript, and links to content – including stock symbols and bonus material – on this episode's podcast page located at investingforthesoul.com/podcasts. Also, a reminder. I do not evaluate any of the stocks or funds mentioned in these podcasts, nor do I receive any compensation from anyone covered in these podcasts. Furthermore, I will reveal to you any personal investments I have in the investments mentioned herein. Additionally, quotes about individual companies are brief. Please go to this podcast's webpage for links to the actual articles for more company and stock information. Also, some companies might be covered more than once and there is also 1 article link below that time didn't allow me to review here. ------------------------------------------------------------- 1) Top Lithium and Hydrogen Stocks Now many ethical and sustainable investors are excited about investing in battery metals, so I thought to begin this podcast with this article. It's titled What are the top five largest lithium companies in the world? It's by Joseph Morton and found on mugglehead.com. Here's some of what he has to say. “1. Ganfeng Lithium (SZSE: 002460) (SEHK: 1772) Largest lithium salt producer in China, and third in the world Ganfeng Lithium is a global company specializing in the production of lithium, lithium-based products, various metals and batteries. Established by Li Liangbin in the year 2000, the company is headquartered in Xinyu, Jiangxi, China and operates both domestically and internationally… With a market capitalization of approximately $35 billion, it holds a significant presence in the lithium industry. The company doesn't just have one property, but instead actively engages in overseas investments in lithium companies and projects as part of its strategy to secure long-term competitive resources. The company holds ownership of three lithium brine projects located in Argentina and serves as the largest shareholder of Lithium Americas (TSX: LAC) (NYSE: LAC). 2. Albemarle (NYSE: ALB) World's largest supplier of lithium for EV Albemarle Corporation is a U.S.-based specialty chemicals manufacturing company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. The company operates in three main divisions: lithium, bromine specialties, and catalysts… When it comes to global lithium and lithium storage product production, Albemarle, along with lithium companies SQM  Sociedad Quimica y Minr de Chile SA  (NYSE: SQM) and Livent Corporation (NYSE: LTHM), collectively account for slightly over half of the total production. Meanwhile, just under half of the world's lithium supply is produced by various entities within China. Greenbushes in Western Australia is one of Albemarle's largest projects. It's a joint venture mine shared with Talison Lithium, a subsidiary of the Tianqi Lithium Corporation (SZSE: 002466) (SEHK: 9696)… Albemarle's market capitalization is roughly $30 billion. 3. SQM (Sociedad Quimica y Minera de Chile SA) Largest lithium producer in the world (SQM) is a Chilean chemical company renowned for its role as a prominent supplier of plant nutrients, iodine, lithium and various industrial chemicals… For the fiscal year 2019, SQM reported lithium-related revenues amounting to USD$505 million. Notably, in 2021, the company witnessed a substantial increase in its lithium revenues, reaching a total of USD$936.1 million. 4. Tianqi Lithium Controls over 46 per cent of global lithium production The Tianqi Lithium Corporation hails from Sichuan, China, and operates primarily in mining and manufacturing… The company has a market cap of approximately $16.5 billion. 5. Mineral Resources (ASX: MIN) Operates two significant properties in Western Australia In recognition of its significant market presence and capitalization, Mineral Resources earned a coveted spot in the S&P/ASX 50 in June 2022, designating it as one of the 50 largest companies trading on the ASX. Its market capitalization is in the range of $11 billion. Mineral Resources operates primarily in the iron ore sector, but is also actively engaged in the mining of hard rock lithium, with operations in two significant locations within Western Australia: Mount Marion in the Goldfields and Wodgina in the Pilbara.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Top Lithium and Hydrogen Stocks A second article with a related theme is this one titled EV Stocks vs. Battery Metal: Which Green Investment Should You Choose? It's written by Adam Othman and seen on fool.ca. Here's some of what Mr. Othman says. “1. Lion Electric (TSX:LEV) … is a $559.76 million market capitalization vehicle manufacturer, primarily focusing on the production of electric school buses, trucks, and other commercial vehicles. With little competition in the EV space in Canada, its focus on commercial EVs gives it a niche it can enjoy without competing against industry giants… That said, it is not a profitable company right now… Despite its small presence, this EV stock can deliver stellar long-term returns as the broader industry grows. 2. American Lithium (TSXV:LI) … is a metals and mining company primarily engaged in the exploration stage. The Canada-based company focuses on acquiring, exploring, and developing lithium deposits. A small name in the mining industry, it has a $450.78 million market capitalization. American Lithium stock is not the biggest Canadian lithium stock, but it's worth watching closely.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Canadian ESG Stocks for Ethical Investors Diversifying internationally is often considered a good idea, hence I bring these articles from Canada, for investors both inside and outside Canada. This article is titled 2 Canadian ESG Stocks for Ethical Investors. It's by Christopher Liew and also found on fool.ca. These are some comments by Mr. Liew. “1. Capital Power Corporation's (TSX:CPX) mission is to provide responsible energy to the world. The $4.7 billion growth-oriented company is well-positioned to support the low-carbon energy system. Its thermal and renewable assets have a combined generating capacity of around 7,500 MW. On March 13, 2023, Ethisphere named the Edmonton-based power producer one of the World's Most Ethical Companies for the fifth straight year… In the first half of 2023, revenue and net income rose 76.9% and 88.7% year over year respectively to $2.1 billion and $370 million. Capital Power has raised dividends for 10 consecutive years and provided dividend growth guidance of 6% annually through 2025. Capital Power pays a hefty 6.12% dividend. 2. Magna International Inc. (TSX:MG) is at the front and centre in the automotive industry's drive to deliver more electric vehicles (EVs). The Canadian auto parts maker raised its sales forecast for fiscal 2025 because of the sustained, if not increasing, demand for parts, sensors, and electrified powertrain systems. The $22.8 billion company's primary goal is to create a better world of mobility and achieve net-zero by 2050. According to its CEO, Swamy Kotagiri, Magna can achieve the target by addressing the emissions in their manufacturing facilities and the entire supply chain… Magna will use 100% renewable electricity in Europe and globally by 2025 and 2030, respectively… In the first half of 2023, Magna's sales rose 14% year over year to US$21.7 billion, while income jumped 128% to US$548 million… Magna also pays a decent 3.06% dividend.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Top Lithium and Hydrogen Stocks Now this next article talks about the opportunities in the hydrogen industry. It's titled These 2 Dividend Stocks Are Investing in This Niche Industry. Should You Do the Same? It's by James Brumley and found on fool.com. Now here are some quotes from Mr. Brumley. “Market veterans will likely recall that hydrogen fuel cell stocks like Plug Power (PLUG) and Ballard Power Systems (BLDP) were all the rage at one time. This alternative energy was going to change the world, after all. And then, nothing happened. As it turns out, the world wasn't quite ready for fuel cells. This industry's stocks have mostly struggled for the past couple of decades. You might want to put these tickers back on your radar, though. A couple of major oil companies recently made investments in hydrogen-based power solutions, thinking the movement will eventually displace the oil and gas business… Chevron (CVX) recently acquired a majority stake in a young company called ACES (Advanced Clean Energy Storage) Delta, while BP (BP) just led a wave of funding for Advanced Ionics, which develops energy-efficient electrolyzers that ultimately generate hydrogen, which can then be converted into electricity… Carmakers are on board, too, and have been for a while. They're ramping up development, and Toyota (TM) is leading the way. With its hydrogen engine technology now well refined, the company hopes to sell 200,000 such vehicles by 2030. If the concept proves successful, look for other automakers to augment their current EVs with yet another alternative to carbon-fuel cars. Pragma Market Research estimates the world's hydrogen-powered vehicle market will swell from last year's $1 billion to more than $43 billion by 2030… One hydrogen fuel cell stock to buy now So if hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen power in general are finally moving into the mainstream, which of the related stocks are worth owning? The aforementioned Ballard Power Systems and Plug Power are two tickers at least worth adding to your long-term watch list. Anyone interested in jumping into the hydrogen power movement at its current stage, however, might do best with… Bloom Energy (BE) It's not one of the more familiar names in the business, although it arguably should be. It's a $3.5 billion organization, and while not currently profitable, it's nearing that point. In fact, the analyst community is calling for a swing to a per-share profit of $0.39 on revenue growth of 30%. Then things are projected to really start to take off… Bloom's systems are also readily scalable, meaning their users can fine-tune the amount of power they're producing, and then add or subtract capacity as needed. Its customers include Honda Motor (HMC), Alphabet's Google (GOOG), Walmart (WMT), and IBM (IBM). The advent of artificial intelligence and the giant data centers it requires is proving a particular boon for Bloom. Although most of its customers only need these fuel cells for backup power now, as hydrogen production initiatives like BP's Advanced Ionics and Chevron's ACES Delta gain traction, don't be surprised to see hydrogen fuel cells evolve into a primary power source… The only catch with Bloom or its rivals? Buckle up for plenty of continued volatility, and be prepared to hang on to any of these stocks for a while. Hydrogen power is here to stay, but it's hardly on a reliably firm footing yet.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Best Socially Responsible Funds Now our last article brings us back to familiar territory. It's titled 7 Best Socially Responsible Funds. It's by Jeff Reeves and found on money.usnews.com. Here is a quote from Mr. Reeves and his picks. “There are no easy answers when it comes to how to invest in a world like this. But thankfully, there are a group of socially responsible funds out there that try to focus your cash behind some of the better companies and leave out some of the bad actors. It's not perfect, of course, and the goal of most investors remains to make money and not just feel good about their portfolio. That said, the following investments are well-established and diversified ways to invest with environmental, social and governance priorities in mind – or ESG for short. FUND ASSETS EXPENSE RATIO iShares ESG Aware MSCI USA ETF (ticker: ESGU) $12.8 billion 0.15% Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF (ESGV) $6.8 billion 0.09% Nuveen ESG Large-Cap Growth ETF (NULG) $1.3 billion 0.26% Nuveen ESG Large-Cap Value ETF (NULV) $1.6 billion 0.26% iShares ESG Aware MSCI EAFE ETF (ESGD) $7.3 billion 0.20% iShares Global Clean Energy ETF (ICLN) $3.5 billion 0.41% Parnassus Core Equity Fund (PRBLX) $27.4 billion 0.82%” End quotes ------------------------------------------------------------- One Other Honorable Mention Title: Solar Power Stocks: The Winners and Losers of 2023 So Far on barrons.com. By Avi Salzman. ------------------------------------------------------------- Ending Comment Well, these are my top news stories with their stock and fund tips -- for this podcast titled: “Top Lithium and Hydrogen Stocks.” Now, please be sure to click the like and subscribe buttons on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or wherever you download or listen to this podcast. That helps bring these podcasts to others like you. And please click the share buttons to share this podcast with your friends and family. Let's promote ethical and sustainable investing as a force for hope and prosperity in these very troubled times! Contact me if you have any questions. Thank you for listening. And, again, please look at my new totally revised website at investingforthesoul.com. Tell me what you think! Talk to you next on October 6th! Bye for now.   © 2023 Ron Robins, Investing for the Soul

Trois heures de direct à l'écoute de celles et ceux qui font le monde : le raconter, le décrypter et l'analyser pour donner des clés de lecture et de compréhension aux auditeurs.

Al Fadi and Dr. Jay Smith discuss what the Muslim leaders of early centuries of Islam and what Muslim leaders of today say about the Preservation of the Quran.  Today's leaders including Shabir Ali, Abdula Yusef Ali, and Yasir Qadi, to name a few, claim the perfect preservation of the Quran; They say that today's Quran is the same exact Quran of Othman days to the letter.  Going back to the first centuries of Islam ; Muslims did not claim that at all; in fact substitution (abrogation) was normal. Some of the early leaders that said that are Bukhari, Ibn Abi Dawood, Aisha, just to name a few.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Al Fadi and Dr. Jay raise more questions about the origin of the Quran which create more problems about the Quran: 6. How can you have a dialectic problem in the mid 7th century unless you have a written text? 7.Why did Othman burn the other copies? 8. How can you burn a dialect? 9. If the Quran that Othman asked Zaid ibn Thabit to write in the Qurashi dialect was the second compilation of the Quran, why do we have 37 different Qurans today? They conclude that tradition says that Othman sent five copies to five cities/provinces, yet Muslims can not come with a manuscript from the five copies of the seventh century Quran(Othman's).See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This week we are loving up on Thanksgiving once again, this time talking about a favorite dessert, and that is of course pumpkin pie. Who doesn't love it when your waistband is so stretched out from that fabulous Thanksgiving dinner and yet you still find a little bit more room for a tiny little slice of pumpkin pie? Today we discuss pumpkin, and the effects of pumpkin on the periodontium.    Quotes:    “In fact, pumpkin is extremely dense in vitamin A. We know that vitamin A plays a critical role in being able to create sustainability in health in the oral cavity. In fact, vitamin A plays a key role in the maintenance of our oral epithelium.”   “We actually found conclusively in this study that pumpkin seed oil is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that can be used topically for the treatment of gingivitis without any subsequent side effects.”     Resources:   DentistRX: https://www.dentistrx.com  More Fast Facts: https://www.ataleoftwohygienists.com/fast-facts/    Katrina Sanders Website: https://www.katrinasanders.com  Katrina Sanders Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thedentalwinegenist/  Moynihan, P., & RPHNutr, S. R. D. (2008). Update on nutrition and periodontal disease. inflammation, 6,7.Othman, A. A., Saleh, M. F., & Saleh, T. M. (2019). The Anti Inflammatory Effect of Pumpkin Seeds Oil in Treatment of Gingivitis; Clinical Study. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development,10(10).

Brendan Cooney joins the Bee-Man in studio to discuss the phenomena that is Brendan Schaub. We explore the Bapa-verse and the TFATK subreddit along with Fart Simpson and Cooney's friend Othman along for the ride. Join the Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/worldrecordpodcast Buy merch, etc here: https://worldrecordpodcast.com/ Check out Brendan Cooney's "10 Minutes of Schaub" every week here: https://www.youtube.com/c/BrendanCooney Watch the Gringo Papi here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4zH9mu_0Oc&t=1135s TFATK subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/thefighterandthekid/