Podcasts about pyy

I've got something extra special for you—Serene and Pearl, the powerhouse sister duo behind the Trim Healthy Mama movement, are joining me to get real about navigating hormones, aging, and conquering that stubborn menopausal midsection. We're diving into their brand new book, "Trim Healthy Wisdom," and trust me, this isn't just another diet guide—it's a full-on roadmap (with humor and heart!) for thriving in perimenopause, menopause, and beyond. They open up about their personal battles with weight gain, fatigue, and libido woes, sharing how tweaking their approach to bioidentical hormones and fueling (not starving) their bodies completely transformed their lives. We unpack the truth about protein, muscle loss, and why your "bat wings" might actually be a sign you need more, not less, on your plate. Plus, we break down the magic of incretin hormones (hello, GLP-1, PYY, and CCK) for natural appetite and weight control—no prescription needed! The Trim Healthy approach to eating and moving gets a super-smart update, including clever hacks like using psyllium husk and baobab for appetite management, and the real story behind hormone replacement and GLP-1 meds (hint: it's not just about quick fixes). Whether you're stuck with your weight, confused about what fuels actually work, or just want to reclaim your badass vitality, this episode promises practical strategies and fresh wisdom to empower your journey. Book: Trim Healthy Wisdom: https://store.trimhealthymama.com/product-category/books/ Use code: amie4THW for $5 off Trim Healthy Mama store: store.trimhealthymama.com WHAT DO MY LABS MEAN?! Try the ultimate tool to Decode Your Labs: Understand your thyroid, hormones, and blood sugar numbers to transform your health https://dramie.com/labs/ We prescribe to all 50 states!  When you're ready to FINALLY get the help you deserve… Book a free application call: https://dramie.com/book-a-call/ Shop ALL of Dr. Amie's Fixxr® Supplements: https://betterlifedoctor.com/ EARN CE Credits: "Nurses, hold-on  – here comes the exciting part: you can earn nursing CE credits by listening to our podcasts! That's right—RNegade has teamed up with podcast hosts like me who are delivering amazing content that doesn't limit you to “thinking outside-the box,” it challenges you to BLOW-UP the box by learning from innovators, pioneers, and RENEGADES in the field of health and medicine WHILE EARNING YOUR CEs!” https://rnegade.thinkific.com/?ref=4d98d0 RATE, REVIEW AND FOLLOW ON APPLE PODCASTS If you made it this far I'm impressed! That means you really love the show and I love you for that!  So I'm going to ask you for a favor. Would you please leave a quick review or even 5⭐️. I DO read them and can't tell you how much I appreciate it! Thank you in advance!❤️  Just click here it's quick and easy : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-thyroid-fixer/id1529800263,  Ok ONE MORE favor…would you please subscribe and follow the show? This is a win-win! It tells the podcast powers that be that you like The Thyroid Fixer Podcast AND it lets you catch all the new episodes that come out every week. Follow with this link: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-thyroid-fixer/id1529800263 and never miss out on a moment of the journey! CONNECT WITH ME ON SOCIAL MEDIA: Want to get your labs reviewed and your questions answered LIVE by me? Join my exclusive Facebook group, Just Fix Your Thyroid – a supportive and empowering community designed to give you the tools, guidance, and HOPE you need on your thyroid and hormone journey.

I'm exposing the truth about how high-protein foods can mimic the appetite-suppressing effects of weight loss drugs but with benefits instead of side effects. When you use Ozempic or similar medications, up to 40% of your weight loss can come from muscle, devastating your metabolism and setting you up for rebound fat gain. Protein, however, works naturally with your body's hunger hormones—slashing ghrelin for 3+ hours, maintaining healthy leptin levels, and boosting PYY—all while providing essential amino acids for mood-regulating neurotransmitters. I'm sharing my complete Ozempic-mimicking protein protocol, including the magic combination with fiber that naturally stimulates GLP-1 production (the same hormone triggered by those expensive medications). Plus, protein's thermogenic effect means you'll burn more calories digesting it, and when paired with resistance training, you'll maintain or even build metabolism-boosting muscle rather than losing it.   What you'll learn: How protein naturally controls hunger through three key hormonal pathways Why Ozempic and similar drugs can cause dangerous muscle loss (up to 40%) The specific protein amounts needed at morning and evening "bumper meals" to control cravings Which protein sources provide the best metabolic benefits How to pair protein with fiber for maximum GLP-1 production The importance of resistance training in a protein-focused weight loss approach Why protein shakes outperformed Ozempic in a recent study for fat loss while preserving muscle Love the Podcast? Here's what to do: Make My Day & Share Your Thoughts! Subscribe to the podcast & leave me a review Text a screenshot to 813-565-2627 Expect a personal reply because your voice is so important to me. Join 55,000+ followers who make this podcast thrive. Want to listen to the show completely ad-free?  Go to subscribetojj.com Enjoy the VIP experience for just $4.99/month or $49.99/year (save 17%!) Click “TRY FREE” and start your ad-free journey today! Full show notes (including all links mentioned): https://jjvirgin.com/naturesozempic Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I brushed this off like every other “Nature's GLP1” claim flooding my inbox. But once I sat down, looked at the clinical data and tried it myself, I changed my mind. In this episode, I talk with Sarah Kennedy, the CEO powerhouse behind Calocurb, a science-backed bitter hops extract shown to stimulate GLP-1, CCK, and PYY naturally. We break down the clinical trials, how it works through the gut-brain axis, and why it might be one of the most overlooked tools for appetite control, metabolic resilience, and post-GLP-1 recovery.  This isn't another trendy “natural” supplement. It's clinically studied, gut-activated, and worth your attention. Go to Calocurb.com/DRTYNA and use code DRTYNA for 10% off  Topics Discussed:  How does Calocurb help increase GLP-1 naturally? What does clinical research say about Calocurb's effectiveness for appetite control? Can Calocurb help with cravings related to PMS? How does Calocurb impact blood sugar and insulin regulation? Is Calocurb safe for long-term use? Sponsored By:  Momentous | Head to livemomentous.com and use code DRTYNA for 35% off your first subscription. Nutrisense | Get up to 30% off on nutrisense plans with the code TYNA at nutrisense.io/drtyna  Timeline | Timeline is offering 10% off your order of Mitopure Go to timeline.com/drtyna. Manukora | Head to manukora.com/DRTYNA to get $25 off the Starter Kit, which comes with an MGO 850+ Manuka Honey jar  LVLUP | Head over to LVLUPHealth.com and use code DRTYNA at checkout to get 20% off your order sitewide.  Maui Nui Venison | Head to mauinuivenison.com/DRTYNA to secure your access now. On This Episode We Cover:  00:00:00 - Introduction  00:02:08 - Natural GLP1s 00:03:41 - The story of Calocurb  00:08:41 - Calorie reduction & aging  00:10:40 - Appetite suppression 00:14:14 - GLP1 stimulation  00:15:43 - Studies and data  00:20:04 - PMS and appetite  00:21:09 - Hunger and craving  00:25:24 - Suppression of natural GLP1 production  00:27:45 - The gut-brain axis  00:34:21 - Achieving homeostasis  00:36:19 - Healing your relationship with food  00:40:30 - L Cells & titration  00:47:01 - Natural safety of Calocurb  00:50:10 - Hops & estrogen  Show Links: Effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide versus placebo treatment on circulating proglucagon-derived peptides that mediate improvements in body weight, insulin secretion and action: A randomized controlled trial GLP1s Done Right  Further Listening:  GLP1s Uncovered  Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast is for informational purposes only. This information is NOT intended as a substitute for the advice provided by your physician or other healthcare professional, or any information contained on or in any product. Do not use the information provided in this podcast for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing medication or other treatment. Always speak with your physician or other healthcare professional before taking any medication or nutritional, herbal or other supplement, or using any treatment for a health problem. Information provided in this blog/podcast and the use of any products or services related to this podcast by you does not create a doctor-patient relationship between you and Dr. Tyna Moore. Information and statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent ANY disease.

IQBAR is offering our special podcast listeners 20% OFF all IQBAR products, plus get FREE shipping. To get your 20% off, text VANESSA to 64000.  That's VANESSA to sixty-four thousand. Message and data rates may apply. See terms for details. Jump straight to the studies breakdown: 14:36  In this episode of The Optimal Protein Podcast, we dive deep into two groundbreaking studies that reveal powerful insights into appetite regulation, fat loss, and muscle maintenance. You'll learn how weight loss impacts hunger hormones — and how a strategic focus on protein intake can help you stay fuller for longer, improve metabolic health, and preserve lean muscle mass. Key Topics Covered:

The Chief Scientific Advisor at Novo Nordisk, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, was the key force who pushed hard to develop GLP-1 drugs for treating obesity and subsequently for Alzheimer's. She was recently recognized by the 2024 Lasker Medical Research Award, and the 2024 AAAS Bhaumik Breakthrough of the Year Award. That recognition is richly deserved, since it is unclear if the GLP-1 drug path to obesity treatment, and all of the associated benefits, would have been seen at this time without her influence. That's especially true given the mystery for why people with Type 2 diabetes (for which these drugs were used for many years) did not exhibit much in the way of weight loss. We discussed that and the future of these drugs, including their potential to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. And about dressing up in pink!The Ground Truths podcasts are also available on Apple and Spotify.Our entire conversation can also be seen by video at YouTube along with all of the Ground Truths podcasts. If you like the video format, please subscribe to this channel. Even if you prefer video, please take a look at the transcript with graphics and useful links to citations.A Video Clip below on the barriers of a woman scientist to push Novo Nordisk to develop GLP-1 for obesity. “I was always just been a nerdy little scientist who kind of found home here in this company for 35 years.”—Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, 60 MinutesTranscript with Links to audio and external referencesEric Topol (00:06):Well, hello, it's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and I have with me a special guest. She's the Chief Science Officer of Novo Nordisk and it's Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, and we're delighted to have her. She's a recent recipient of the Lasker Award, which I think is considered like the pre-Nobel Award here in the United States. And I was involved with her in terms of researching who was the principal person who brought the GLP-1 drugs to the forefront for obesity, and it turned out to be Lotte. So welcome, Lotte.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (00:48):Thank you very much. And also very, very happy to be here. I'm not the Chief Science Officer for Novo Nordisk, I'm the Chief Scientific Advisor of working for the Chief Science Officer of Novo Nordisk, but maybe too many people, not so different, right?From Laundry Detergents to GLP-1 DrugsEric Topol (01:06):Yes. Thank you, I actually meant to say advisor, but yes, I'm glad you cleared that up. I know from speaking to some of your colleagues, I actually spoke to Robin yesterday that you are looked to very highly, the most highly regarded person in science there, so not surprisingly. What I want to do is first talk about the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that got its legs back in, I guess 1984. So we're going way back. And what's also interesting is that you go way back at Novo Nordisk to 35 years in 1989. And so, there had been this work with this extraordinary hormone and neurotransmitter with a very short half-life that you knew about. But when you first started in Novo Nordisk, you weren't working on this. As I understand it, you're working on laundry detergent enzymes. How did you make this pivot from the laundry enzymes to getting into the GLP-1 world?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (02:16):Yeah, thank you for that question. I'm from the technical University of Denmark, so I'm trained in biotechnology, and we're a small country, so not that many companies to work for. And I always had my mind set on, I wanted to work for Novo as it was called back then, and it just happened to be in the industrial enzyme part that I got my foot in first. And then I had a very interesting boss at the time. Unfortunately, he's not alive anymore, but he was both a medical doctor as well as a chemist. So he was actually put in charge of actually, let's see if we can do something new in diabetes. And then since he hired me and I had not been there that long, I simply tagged along as the youngest scientist on the team, and then suddenly I became a diabetes researcher. Around the same time, I think you remember that all of pharma was interested in obesity in the early 90s, everyone wanted to do diabetes as well as obesity, but they were separate teams and they all wanted to do small molecules, but it just happens to be so that the best idea we could find at that time was actually GLP-1, because we actually had clinical data relatively early that GLP-1 was a really good candidate as a treatment for diabetes because of the glucose sensitivity of the actions.(03:43):So you'd have efficient lowering of glucose through a dual mechanism with increasing insulin, lowering glucagon, and then it was safe because there wasn't this hypoglycemia you get from insulin. But then I had other colleagues who were working on obesity, and I was just kind of listening, right, what's going on there? And then also a colleague that I had, we had, I don't know if you remember the old Hagedorn Research Institute, but Novo actually had kind of like an academic research institute that was affiliated with us. And there was this group that were working on this glucagon tumor model that produced high levels of glucagon, GLP-1 and PYY. And these rats, they starved themselves to death. And I knew about that from 1994. So that actually inspired my thinking. So when Stephen Bloom's paper came out in January of 1996, and he was the first one to call GLP-1 a neurotransmitter, I think, but I was already way into actually screening these kind of molecules that later then became liraglutide.No One Else Thought About This [Obesity](04:54):And then I thought, why on earth should we not actually do both things at the same time? If we have an idea that can both work in diabetes in a much safer way than in insulin, and then also at the same time work in obesity. But the reality is that no one else thought about this, or if they thought about it, they didn't really think that it would a good idea. But I think I had the luxury of being in a biotech company, so everyone was working with peptides and proteins. So I don't think I got the same challenge that the other people in the other pharma's got when they all wanted small molecules.Eric Topol (05:36):Well, also just to set the foundation here, which you alluded to, there had been so many attempts to come up with a drug that would work, not just of course in diabetes where there are many classes of drugs, but moreover, to treat the condition of obesity. Actually, I was involved with one of them, Rimonabant and did the large trial, which as you know, led to having to stop the drug, discontinue it because it was associated with suicidal ideation and actual some suicide. So there had been such a long history of checkered inability to come up with a drug. But what was striking is the challenge, and this is one of the first important questions about, when you had the extended half-life of the first GLP-1 drug, that instead of having to take multiple times a day, you could actually, with liraglutide get to a point where you were starting to get to an extended half-life. This is now going back to 1997 with approval in 2010, still 14 years ago. But when you came up with this drug, because this was certainly one of your great contributions, this drug was just a step along the way in this kind of iterative process, wouldn't you say? It wasn't the long half-life and the potency that eventually got us to where we are today. Is that true?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (07:15):Yeah, it was a stepwise process. And what's super interesting about this class of medicines is that they're actually so different. If you talk about a class of medicine where small molecules, they can be different, but they're usually more alike than they're different. And when it comes to this class with these medium-sized peptides, people tried a whole bunch of different things. So they're actually really, really different. Some are simple peptides. So the idea that I came up with was to use this fatty acid isolation principle, and that's then a subclass in the class. And then the first, once weekly, for example, was an antibody-based molecule liraglutide. So they're much, much, much larger molecule compared to the small peptides. So they're very different. And neither the simple peptides nor the really big antibody derived molecules, they don't give a lot of weight loss. So we actually get more weight loss with these kinds of molecules, which is also why you can now see that it has actually kind of inspired a whole industry to kind of try and go and make similar kinds of molecules.Eric Topol (08:27):Well, inspired a whole industry is an understatement. It's become the most extraordinary class of drugs, I think in medical history, having been a student of various, I mean obviously statins have been a major contribution, but this seems to have transcended that already. We're going to talk about more about where things are headed, but this fatty acid acetylation was a major step forward in extending the half-life of the drug, whereby today you can give semaglutide once a week. And this, I think, of course, there are many ways that you might've been able to extend the half-life, but you were starting with a hormone, a natural hormone neurotransmitter that had such an exquisitely short half-life of basically second or minutes rather than that you could give for a week. So I know there were many different ways you could have protected or extended the half-life one way or another, but this seemed to be a breakthrough of many along the chain of breakthroughs. But the question I have is when you were giving this to the diabetics, which was the precedent, that was really what these drugs were first intended, they didn't lose that much weight, and they never, still today when it's looked at for obese non-diabetics versus diabetics, there's a gap in weight loss. Why is that at the exact same dose, with the exact same peptide that the weight loss differs for people with type 2 diabetes as compared to those who have pure obesity?The Mystery of Why People With Type 2 Diabetes Don't Lose Weight Like Those With Obesity Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (10:09):Yeah, I can't give you a molecular answer to that, right. But I think the notion, I think it's the same for example with metformin, even though it gives less weight loss because that has also been tried in both people with diabetes and people without diabetes. So I think it's just for somehow people with diabetes are more resistant to weight loss. I think it's a really good question that I'm hoping maybe we could get through, for example, with proteomics and actually comparing people with diabetes and people without diabetes and looking at people who have the similar kind of weight loss. That could be really interesting. But I really don't have a good molecular answer for you, but it's just a really, really strong fact. But it also leads me to wanting to say it's interesting, because if that had been our motivation to actually say, oh, there's weight loss in diabetes, let's pursue it in people with obesity, I don't think we would've done that because the weight loss in people with diabetes wasn't that impressive. So it was very important for our chain of thought and decision early on that we actually knew that GLP-1 had these separate effects and that they could work in the brain and have a separate effect on well-known pathways in the brain. And that was more our motivation to actually continue to invest in obesity.Eric Topol (11:42):Yeah, no, I think this is when we did the research on the committee for the American Association for Advancement of Science (AAAS) award, the Mani L. Bhaumik Award, that you were recognized for the breakthrough of the year, this year. We tried to scour all the work and we actually had to hit Danish translations and all sorts of other papers they reviewed. And we learned through that process working on this committee that you were the one to be the champion of pushing this towards obesity, and it would've easily been missed because as we've been discussing, the weight loss in people with diabetes was small, but you push for it. And this was an extraordinarily important push because what it has resulted in, of course, has been spectacular. And obviously as we're going to get into much more than just obesity and obesity related conditions. But before we get to those other conditions, and as you've been known in the medical community as “the mother of GLP-1”, you were dubbed that term. The GLP-1 receptor is expressed in many parts of the body. Maybe you could just tell us about the distribution because this, I think is tied into these central nervous system effects that are not just related to the gut hormone type of axis.GLP-1 Receptors and the BrainLotte Bjerre Knudsen (13:17):So I spent a lot of time on that together with my amazing colleague, Charles Pyke, who's an histology expert because it turned out to be so very important. In general, when you're trying to make new medicines, understanding the mechanism, sometimes people say, yeah, who cares? But actually, it should matter, I think because where it becomes really important can be an understanding what they do not do. We've had to do a lot of proving the negatives for GLP-1. We went through these issues with thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, pancreas cancer. In all of that work, it was actually really important that we could show where the GLP-1 receptor was not expressed. So in the pancreas, we know that it's primarily on the insulin producing cells, and then we also have them in the intestine where they're probably involved in regulating inflammation and really creating a much healthier gut.(14:15):And then we have a lot of receptors in the brain. They're typically expressed on neurons, but they're also on astrocytes, they're also on smooth muscle cells. We have them on the heart and the sinus node. That's why there's a small increase in heart rate. We have them in the kidney, on again some smooth muscle cells that are renin positive. So there we can start thinking blood pressure and other things. So it turns out that you can go around the body and there are all of these specific GLP-1 receptor population, that you can see how they tie into the pharmacology. But obviously in physiology, they're not as important as they have turned out to be in pharmacology when we suddenly come with 24 hours a day exposure for a day or a week or for as long as the administration interval is. So, but specifically for obesity, I think it's in the vein, it's hard to, you should always be careful.(15:18):That's something I've learned to never say never. Of course, there could be a contribution from the peripheral nervous system as well to the effects in obesity. But I do think there are so many important and well described neuronal populations that have the GLP-1 receptor and which are accessible from the periphery. So just to mention, maybe one of the most, well-known is a POMC/CART neuron in the hypothalamus. They have the GLP-1 receptor, they're activated, but there also is an inhibitory tone on the AgRP and NPY neurons, and it fits very well with that. We know that people report that they feel more sated, they feel less hungry. But then there are also effects in the hindbrain and in some of the reward centers also have GLP-1 receptors. And we know that also now, we have really good actually clinical studies that show that there is a change in food choice and people can control their food intake better. So I think that fits very well with effects on the reward system. So it's a whole myriad, or maybe you could say that GLP-1 orchestrates a number of different neuronal populations to have these overall effects that reduce energy intake.Eric Topol (16:42):Yeah, it's pretty striking. It's almost like we're all walking around with GLP-1 deficiency, that if we had this present at higher levels around the clock, and of course eventually we'll see things that are well beyond obesity, how well this has an impact. Now, there was an extraordinary review in Cell Metabolism on the brain and GLP-1, and not just the brain, but the essential nervous system, the neurovascular, it's called the “GLP-1 programs and neurovascular landscape.”(17:20):And in this review, it got into the brain effects that were well beyond, I think what are generally appreciated. Not only the protection of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, this whole neuroglial vascular unit, the myelin sheath protection, reducing inflammation within the brain, improving the glymphatic flow, which is of course critical for clearing waste and promoting cerebral vascular remodeling and more, so the brain effects here is what it seems to be. You mentioned the reward circuit, of course, but the brain effects here seem to be diverse, quite a bit of breath and extraordinary. And as we've seen in the clinic now with the work that's been done, we're seeing things about addiction, even gambling, alcohol, drugs, I mean neuropsychiatric impact, it's pretty profound. Maybe you could comment about that.On to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's DiseasesLotte Bjerre Knudsen (18:23):Yeah. I haven't read that paper yet, but I just saw it earlier. And I have been following this for about actually more than 10 years because when I was kind of over the big work of actually getting the approval for diabetes and obesity. I thought I had a little bit of capacity to actually look at Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease because I just thought there's such an insane unmet need and what if GLP-1 could actually make a difference? And the first big paper that talked about this was actually in Nature Medicine in 2003, and it was originally, I think I should credit Nigel Greig. Greig, he's from NIH or from NIA, I can't remember, right. But he was actually the first one, I think to say if GLP-1 has all of these important effects in the pancreas and to protect cells, and there are all these GLP-1 receptors in the brain, maybe it also protects neurons.(19:25):So that was the first hypothesis. And the paper on Nature Medicine in 2003 describes how the GLP-1 receptor in the hippocampus is involved in cognition. And then we did a couple of studies in different animal models, and I was, to be honest, really confused. But then there was a new paper in Nature Medicine in 2018 that started to focus in on neuroinflammation. And by that time, I knew much more about inflammation and knew GLP-1 actually lower CRP by about 50% in the different trials. So I was really tuned into the potential importance of that in cardiovascular and kidney disease. But I was like, oh, what if that's also something that is important in the brain? Then it made more sense to me to try and build some evidence for that. So that was how we actually started looking at a hypothesis for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.(20:21):And we now have a really large phase three study ongoing, but of course, it's a hypothesis, right? And no one has yet, I think, proven that GLP-1 has really important effects on these indications, but we are testing it in 4,000 people with Alzheimer's disease. So our hypothesis is around neuroinflammation, but defined in a way where you could say it's both peripheral inflammation and the effect it has on the vasculature, it's the effect on the blood-brain barrier. It's the astrocytes and the microglia, and there are probably also some T cells that have the GLP-1 receptor that could be important. And then couple that up also with some of the new information from neurons, because there are two papers to think in the last year that has highlighted neurons either in the hindbrain or a little bit further on. Both of them are probably hindbrain populations that actually seem to be really important in regulating both peripheral as well as central information.(21:27):So what if neurons are actually also an overlooked mechanism here, and both of these neuronal populations have the GLP-1 receptor and are accessible from the periphery, even though the child super paper in Nature doesn't mention that, but they do have the GLP-1 receptor. So there are all these different mechanisms that GLP-1 can have an impact on the broad definition maybe of neuroinflammation. And maybe the way one should start thinking about it is to say it's not an anti-inflammatory agent, but maybe it induces homeostasis in these systems. I think that could maybe be a good way to think about it, because I think saying that GLP-1 is anti-inflammatory, I think that that's wrong because that's more for agents that have a really strong effect on one particular inflammatory pathway.Eric Topol (22:22):That's a very important point you're making because I think we conceive of these drugs as anti-inflammatory agents from these more diverse actions that we've just been reviewing. But I like this restoring homeostasis. It's an interesting way to put it. This brings us, you mentioned about the Parkinson's, and when I reviewed the three randomized Parkinson's trials, they're all small, but it appears to be the first disease modifying drug ever in Parkinson's. Of course, these were done with different drugs that were older drugs. We haven't seen the ones that yet to be with semaglutide or other agents. And I wondered if you pushed, just like you did for obesity within Novo Nordisk, you pushed to go into obesity. Did you also force to push for Alzheimer's?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (23:19):Yes. So that is also me who had to argue for that. I'm happy to do these things. I was born brave. I am happy to do these things.Eric Topol (23:31):That's wonderful. Without you, we would be way behind, and it took decades to get to this point. But look where we are now, especially with all the rigorous trials, the large clinical trials. You're into one right now of some 20,000 participants to see whether not just people with prior heart disease, but people without known heart disease to see whether or not this will have an effect. And there's so much data now, of course, already a completed trial with reduction of heart attacks and strokes. But now to extend this to people who are not such high risk, but these large trials, we keep learning more. Like for example, the reduction of inflammatory markers is occurring even before the weight loss that starts to manifest. So we learned a lot from the trials that are just even beyond some of the major primary outcomes. Would you agree about that?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (24:34):So I'm not sure we can say that it comes before the weight loss because the energy intake reduction happens instantly. The glycemic response happens instantly. And all of these improvements will of course also have an effect to dampen inflammation. We do not have data that supports that it comes before because we haven't sampled that much in the beginning.Eric Topol (25:04):Okay.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (25:05):I wouldn't be able to say that, and I don't think there are any, well, it's hard to keep up that the entire literature on GLP-1 these days, but I don't think anyone has actually shown that there is a separation because it's super hard to separate when things are occurring at the same time.Eric Topol (25:24):Yeah, I'm just citing the heart disease trial where in the New England Journal that point was made. But I think your point also that there was already a change in energy intake immediately is apropos for sure. Now, when we get into this new paper of yours, the proteomics, can you tell us about that because that's really exciting. We're in a high throughput proteomics era right now that we can analyze thousands of plasma proteins in any given individual. What are you learning about proteomics with the GLP-1 drug?The GLP-1 Drug Impact on ProteomicsLotte Bjerre Knudsen (26:07):Yeah, yeah. So I'm also the super excited about omics, right? Because I have worked in a wonderful organization of people who can do these large scale clinical trials, and we used to not collect a lot of samples for future use, but we've done that for some years now. So now we have this amazing collection of samples we can learn from and actually both inform the patients and the physicians, but also inform future research. So we have been doing that in our semaglutide trials, and we've just published the proteomics data from the step one and step two trials. So the phase 3a trials that supported the approval of semaglutide for the treatment of obesity. So one of them in people with obesity and one in people with obesity and diabetes, and those data are now published in Nature Medicine. [3 January 2025]. And we were learning a lot of things because you can compare the proteome effects to what has been done in the decode cohort.(27:11):So they have all these disease signature. So that's one thing that you can for sure see, and you can see a lot of things there with hints towards addiction. And then also you can take more predefined signatures also to look into what actually might be driving the cardiovascular risk. So I think there are so many things that you can learn from this, and of course it can also inform when you look at what's actually mediating the effect and probably something around inflammation is important. We have already also shown a more standard mediation analysis that shows that actually the most explainable factor for the effect on MACE [major adverse cardiovascular events] in the select trial is inflammation. It doesn't explain everything, but it actually looks like it's more important than BMI and weight loss. So that's really interesting how much we can learn from there. We're making the data are available at the summary statistic level so people can go and play with them ourselves.(28:23):And I think as we have more different kinds of medicines available in obesity, it's also a way to kind of compare how these different medicines work. And as we get more and more better at maybe also characterizing people with obesity, because I think that's a great thing that's going to happen now is there's going to be more funding for obesity research. Because I think that's what the attention that we are seeing right now is also giving. Then we can better start to understand. We always, we've been saying that people probably have different kinds of obesity, but we don't really know. So now we can actually start to understand that much better and maybe also understand how these different classes of medicines will work if we have the proteome data from different trials.Eric Topol (29:10):No, I'm absolutely fascinated about the proteomics. I call it a quiet revolution because many people don't know about it. [My recent post on this topic here.](29:18):The ability to assess thousands of proteins in each individual, and it's giving us new insights about cause and effect as you alluded to, the relationship with as you said, MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events) and the actions of this drug class. I mean, there's just so much we can learn here from the proteomics. Another thing that's fascinating about the GLP-1 is its effect on epigenetic clocks. And recently at one of the meetings it was presented, this is Steven Horvath that we had on Ground Truths not long ago. He talked about at this talk that for the first time to see that you could basically slow the epigenetic clock with a GLP-1. Is there any further information about that?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (30:16):Yeah, no. We've never had enough of a sample size to actually be able to look at it, so unfortunately, no. But there is something else, right, because there is this group at the Stanford, Tony Wyss-Coray or something.Eric Topol (30:33):Yes, Tony Wyss-Coray.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (30:35):Now he published a paper, is it two years ago? Where he did it using proteomics. He defined an anti-aging signature for various different organs.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (30:46):We are in the process of trying to see if we could take those signatures and apply them on to our data.Eric Topol (30:55):Well, what's interesting is we're pretty close friends, and he, not only that paper you mentioned on organ clocks, which is a phenomenal contribution, but he has a paper coming out soon in Nature Medicine, the preprint is up, and what he showed was that the brain and the immune system was the main organ clocks that were associated with longevity. And so, it takes another step further and it's looking at 11,000 plasma proteins. So it's really interesting how this field is evolving because the omics, as you put it, whether it's proteomics, and now we're learning also about the epigenome and what brings us to the potential that this class of drugs would have an impact on health span in all people, not just those who are obese. Would you project that's going to be possible in the years ahead?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (32:02):I don't know about health span, but because certainly there's been so many studies with metformin and there's been a lot of wonderful data showing an effect on the epigenetic clocks, but not really an effect on lifespan because that metformin is so widely used. If that was the case, it would be easy to dig those data out of different registries. But certainly a healthier aging is the most obvious one because when you have one class of medicine that actually has so many different effects. Right now we are looking at them at a one by one case, but we really should be looking at them so you are getting the benefits on the heart and the vasculature on the brain and the kidneys and the diabetes and the knees. You're getting all of that at the same time, and that certainly should lead to much, much healthier lives. And then of course, we just need to get people to eat healthier. Also, maybe we should talk a little bit about the food industry. I heard you did that in some of your podcast, right?Eric Topol (33:17):Yes. That is the big food, if you will. It's a big problem, a very big problem, and the ultra-processed foods. And so, lifestyle is not good and trying to compensate for that with a drug intervention strategy is like chasing your tail. So you're absolutely right about that. I mean, I guess what I'm getting into here is that whereas today we keep seeing the effects, whether it's the liver, the kidney, the heart, obesity, and people with diabetes. But for example, in the Alzheimer's trial, do you have to be obese to be enrolled in the Alzheimer's trial, or is it just people who are at risk for developingAlzheimer's?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (34:01):Yeah, no, you do not have to be obese. It's a standard Alzheimer's trial.GLP-1 PillsEric Topol (34:07):So this will be one of the really important trials to get a readout in people who are not having an obesity background. Now, the future, of course, gets us to oral GLP-1 drugs, which obviously you have there at Novo Nordisk. And it seems to me once that happens, if it can simulate the effects we see with the injectables, that would be another big step forward. What do you think about that?Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (34:39):Yeah. Isn't it interesting, what we've learned is that people actually don't mind the injections, right? Also, because I think it's simple, once a week injection and the needles are so small, obviously there are people who really have needle phobia, but take those aside, it's relatively few. I would argue if you close your eyes and somebody else used this needle on you, you would not be able to feel where it was inserted, right? They're so small. So it becomes maybe a personal preference. Would you like to have once a day or maybe twice a day tablets, or are you fine with once a week injection? And I think there probably will be quite a few once they've tried it. And now so many have tried it and they actually, maybe it gives us a simple lifestyle. You don't have to do it every day, right? You can just have a weekly reminder.Eric Topol (35:46):Yeah, no, I think that's really interesting what you're bringing up. I never thought we would evolve to a point where injectables were becoming some common, and I even have some physician colleagues that are taking three different injectable drugs.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (36:00):That's also just mentioned Richard DiMarchi, who I shared the Breakthrough Prize with, and also Svetlana Mojsov, who I was one of the other two recipients for the Lasker prize because they both been at Rockefeller, and they both have worked a lot with peptides, and they both say the same thing. They were told so many times, this is not medicines, these kinds of molecules just they're not medicines. Forget about it. It turns out people were wrong. And peptides can be medicines, and they can even be produced also in a sustainable manner with fermentation, which is not a bad way of producing medicines. And people actually don't mind. Maybe some people actually even like it because it's once a week and then it's done.Confronting BarriersEric Topol (36:58):Yeah, no, that's a very important point. And the quest for the oral, which have more issues with bioavailability versus the peptides that are having such pronounced impact is really interesting to ponder. Well, before we wrap up, it's very clear the impact you've had has been profound, not just obviously at Novo Nordisk, but for the world of advancing health and medicine. And you've mentioned some of the key other people who have made seminal contributions, but I think you stand out because when we went deep into who took this field forward into obesity and who might also wind up being credited for Alzheimer's, it was you. And as a woman in science, especially in an era that you've been at Novo now for three and a half decades, there weren't many women in science leaders. And for one to be, as you said, you're brave for the good old boys to listen to the woman in science. Tell us about that challenge. Was this ever an issue in your career? Because obviously we want to have this whole landscape change. It is in the midst of change, but it's certainly still a ways to go. So maybe you can give us insight about that.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (38:27):Yeah. Well, it for sure was a thing. It was a very male dominated world, and in a way, it might have prevented other people from doing it. But then, as I said, I was born brave for some reason. I'm not really sure why. It actually motivated me to kind of like, yeah, I'm going to show them. I'm going to show them. So it never really got to me that people, not everyone was nice to say. There was the first 10 years of my career, I think they were quite lonely, but then I was really inspired. I was so happy to be allowed to work on this. I thought it was super fun. And I did find people who wanted to play with me. And I also have to say that the CSO back then, Mads Krogsgaard Thomsen, he always supported me. So maybe I didn't get everything I wanted, but I always got what I needed in order to progress.(39:29):So on the women's side, and I think that yes, and there's still a change to be made, and I'm actually a little bit on behalf of my generation, maybe not too proud of the change we made because we didn't do a lot of change. It was all the women coming from the arts and the culture. They were the ones who actually make the big change here like 5 or 10 years ago. So I've also started to be more open about sharing my journey and advocating for women in science. So that's why I show up in pink to some of these award sessions just to be a little bit different and to maybe also just show that you don't have to be a certain type in order to fit into a certain job. But there is still a change to be made where people should be better at listening to what a person say and what ideas they say.(40:28):And they should be mindful about not always labeling women as passionate. When people call me passionate, I say like, no, thank you. I'm actually not too happy about the mother of either, because men always are being told. They're being told that they're brave and ambitious and courageous and strategic, whereas we we're, oh, you're so passionate. No, thank you. I'm also brave and strategic and ambitious and all of that. So we simply put different vocabulary on. I don't think people don't do it on purpose. I think we need to be better at actually giving people at work the same kind of vocabulary for their contributions. And I think that would mean that we get listened to in the same way. And that would be important. And then I also have to say that science, whether it comes from men or women, doesn't really matter.(41:32):Successful science is always the work of many. And I hope that some of you will actually listen to my last speech because that's what I speak about, how it's always the work of the many. And also, how if you want to do something novel, then you actually have to do it at a time when no one else is doing it, and you should believe in your ideas. So believe in it, listen to the critique, but believe in it, and then come back with new arguments or give up if you can't come up with any new arguments, right?Eric Topol (42:05):Well, we'll definitely put a link to the Lasker Awards speech that you gave. And I just want to say that the parallels here, for example, with Kati Karikó , my friend who had the Nobel Award for mRNA, she spent three decades trying to get people to listen to her and never got a grant from the NIH or other places [our conversation here]. And it was a really tough battle. And as you already touched on Svetlana Mojsov, who did some of the seminal work at Rockefeller to isolate the portion of GLP-1, that really was the key part peptide, and it was overlooked for years. And so, it's a tough fight, but you're paving the way here. And I think the contributions you've made are just so extraordinary. And I hope that over the years we will continue to see this momentum because people like what you've done, deserve this extraordinary recognition. I'm glad to see. And the Lasker Award is really capping off some of that great recognition that is so well deserved. We've covered a lot of ground today, and I want to make sure if I missed anything that you wanted to get into before we wrap up.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (43:30):I think we've been around all the exciting biology of GLP-1, both in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, kidney, potential in Alzheimer's and addiction. We'll see, we need the clinical data and we've put out a message to inspire people to do new science. There's still a lot of unmet need out there. There's a lot of diseases that don't have good treatments. Even in the diseases we've talked about there's a lot of money for diabetes. There are no disease modifying therapies for diabetes. It's not really changing the course of the disease. So there's a lot of things that needs great scientists.Eric Topol (44:17):And I guess just in finishing the discovery of this class of drugs and what it's led to, tells us something about that, there's so much more to learn that is, this has taken on perhaps the greatest obstacle in medicine, which was could you safely treat obesity and have a marked effect. Which decades, many decades were devoted to that and gotten nowhere. It's like a breakthrough in another way is that here you have an ability to triumph over such a frustrating target, just like we've seen with Alzheimer's, of course, which may actually intersect with Alzheimer's, with a graveyard of failed drugs. And the ones that it were approved so far in certain countries, like the US are so questionable as to the safety and efficacy. But it gives us an inspiration about what is natural that can be built on the basic science that can lead to with people like you who push within the right direction, give the right nudges and get the support you need, who knows what else is out there that we're going to be discovering in the years ahead. It's a broad type of lesson for us.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (45:38):Yeah, there is another hormone that's also in phase three clinical development, right? The amylin hormone. We've had pramlintide on the market for years, but we have this long-acting version that is in phase three clinical development. That could be the same kind of story because there's also additional biology on that one.Eric Topol (45:58):Yeah, this is what grabs me Lotte, because these gut hormone, we've known about them, and there's several more out there, of course. And look what they're having. They're not just gut hormones, like you said, they're neurotransmitters and they're body-wide receptors waiting to be activated, so it's wild. It's just wild. And I'm so glad to have had this conversation with you. Now, congratulations on all that you've done, and I know the Nature Medicine paper that just came out is going to be just one of many more to come in your career. So what a joy to have the chance to visit with you, and we'll be following the work that you and your colleagues are doing with great interest.Lotte Bjerre Knudsen (46:45):And thank you very much, and thank you for your wonderful podcast. They're really great to listen to on the go. Very easy listening.*****************************************Please complete the quick poll question above.Thank you for reading, listening and subscribing to Ground Truths.If you found this podcast informative please share it!All content on Ground Truths—its newsletters, analyses, and podcasts, are free, open-access.Paid subscriptions are voluntary and of course appreciated. All proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. I welcome all comments from paid subscribers and will do my best to respond to each of them and any questions.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and to Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.Ground Truths now has subscribers in 203 countries! Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone naturally produced in the intestines during meals. It helps regulate blood sugar and weight by increasing insulin, slowing stomach emptying, and promoting fullness. Medications like Ozempic® and Wegovy® mimic the effects of GLP-1 but can be expensive and have unpleasant side effects. Listen in this week as Dee explores research on foods and probiotics that naturally boost GLP-1, offering similar benefits without the high costs and side effects.References:De Silva, A., & Bloom, S. R. (2012). Gut hormones and appetite control: A focus on PYY and GLP-1 as therapeutic targets in obesity. Gut and Liver, 6(1), 10–20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3286726/Hira, T., Trakooncharoenvit, A., Taguchi, H.;,Hara, H. (2021). Improvement of glucose tolerance by food factors having glucagon-like peptide-1 releasing activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6623. https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6623Perraudeau, F., McMurdie, P., Bullard, J., Cheng, A., Cutcliffe, C., Deo, A., Eid, J., Gines, J., Iyer, M., Justice, N., Loo, W. T., Nemchek, M., Schicklberger, M., Souza, M., Stoneburner, B., Tyagi, S., & Kolterman, O. (2020). Improvements to postprandial glucose control in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of a novel probiotic formulation. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 8(1), e001319. https://drc.bmj.com/content/8/1/e001319Link to purchase GLP-1 Probiotic: https://pendulumlife.com/products/glp-1-probiotic

Welcome to a groundbreaking episode of The Pulse Podcast! In this edition, our Director of Product Development, Elie Goldstein, takes a deep dive into the world of TRi-M*L*T™, a revolutionary product by New U Life designed to transform your body by supporting three crucial hormones: Leptin, Ghrelin, and PYY.Joined by esteemed guests, Rachael Cabreira, President of the Scientific Advisory Board, and Dr. Stephen Legate, Scientific Advisory Board Member, Elie explores the science behind TRi-M*L*T and its unique SomaTech™ approach. SomaTech, a one-of-a-kind scientific method developed by New U Life, integrates cutting-edge research, key ingredient blends, and products to address hormone imbalances linked to aging.Discover how TRi-M*L*T supports PYY, enhancing fat utilization for energy, reducing fatigue during exercise, and optimizing performance. Uncover the secrets of Leptin, the appetite suppressant that regulates hunger and promotes the sensation of satiety for long-term weight management. Delve into Ghrelin, known as "The Hunger Hormone," and learn how TRi-M*L*T's key ingredients like CitriSlim, Inulin, and Fucoxanthin work synergistically to decrease ghrelin levels, promoting lasting satiety and supporting your body transformation journey.Join us for an engaging and informative discussion on The Pulse Podcast, where we unravel the science behind TRi-M*L*T and SomaTech™, empowering you with the knowledge to enhance your well-being and unlock the secrets to a healthier, more balanced life.

In today's episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman delves into the fascinating topic of GLP-1, a hormone of significant interest in metabolic research. Dr. Bikman sets the stage by expanding the discussion beyond GLP-1 to include other incretions, defining them as a class of hormones produced by the small intestine. These hormones play crucial roles in nutrient metabolism, satiety, and hunger regulation.The discovery of incretions stemmed from observations following gastric bypass surgeries, where elevated levels of these hormones were found in the bloodstream, leading to improvements in diabetes. Dr. Bikman highlights GLP-1's well-known effect on insulin secretion and glucagon suppression, which contribute to its ability to rapidly correct high glucose levels and improve diabetes. However, he notes the ongoing debate regarding GLP-1's direct insulin secretagogue effect in humans, contrasting findings from cell culture and animal models with recent human studies.Moving beyond GLP-1, Dr. Bikman discusses other incretions like GIP, PYY, and cholecystokinin, outlining their roles in glucose regulation, appetite control, and digestion. He explores the pharmacological applications of GLP-1 agonists in managing diabetes and obesity, detailing various drugs and their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, he touches upon natural methods to enhance GLP-1 secretion, including dietary factors like protein, fat, and sugars. The session concludes with insights into the live Q&A session, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between science and audience participation in The Metabolic Classroom.Learn more at: https://www.insuliniq.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.06.519331v1?rss=1 Authors: Iyer, S., Montmayeur, J.-P. R., Zolotukhin, S., Dotson, C. Abstract: The availability of high-calorie foods is likely a causative factor for high rates of obesity and metabolic disorders, which have been linked to food intake dysregulation. Several gut peptides have been implicated in feeding modulation and body mass accumulation. For example, glucagon peptide-like 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) have been shown to mediate satiety and reduce food intake. While systemic administration of such peptides has been explored as a therapy for metabolic disease, the effects of these hormones on taste signaling should also be considered given the importance of taste to feeding decisions. Peptide signaling systems are present in taste buds and oral GLP-1 and PYY signaling has been shown to influence taste responsiveness and feeding. Indeed, we previously demonstrated that genetic knockout of PYY in mice can impact on taste responsiveness and feeding and that viral overexpression of PYY in the salivary glands of these mice can rescue responsiveness. The present work uses AAV-mediated salivary gland treatment of both GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 and PYY encoding vectors to explore the impact of the presence of these peptides on taste and body-mass accumulation in wild-type mice with intact peptide signaling systems. Results showed a significant effect of salivary gland treatment on responsiveness to multiple taste qualities. Treatment with a vector designed to overexpress both peptides in saliva resulted in substantial reduction in body mass accumulation. These findings show taste modulation and impacts on body mass accumulation by the targeting of salivary glands with vectors designed to overexpress metabolic peptides in wild-type mice and suggest that the taste bud is a promising substrate for food intake modulation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Have you heard of a peptide that keeps popping up in the news that has been shown to help with hunger and enable people to lose weight more easily? It's called, Peptide YY, or PYY for short, and believe it or not, our bodies make it naturally – It's just that some people's bodies make more of it than others for very specific reasons… So on today's #CabralConcept 2189 I'd like to share with you how to curb cravings and hunger naturally with PYY – Enjoy the show and let me know if you have any questions! - - - Show Notes & Resources: http://StephenCabral.com/2189 - - - Dr. Cabral's New Book, The Rain Barrel Effect https://amzn.to/2H0W7Ge - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: http://CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Sleep & Hormones Test (Run your adrenal & hormone levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels)

Have you heard of a peptide that keeps popping up in the news that has been shown to help with hunger and enable people to lose weight more easily?    It's called, Peptide YY, or PYY for short, and believe it or not, our bodies make it naturally - It's just that some people's bodies make more of it than others for very specific reasons…   So on today's #CabralConcept 2189 I'd like to share with you how to curb cravings and hunger naturally with PYY - Enjoy the show and let me know if you have any questions! - - - Show Notes & Resources: http://StephenCabral.com/2189 - - - Dr. Cabral's New Book, The Rain Barrel Effect https://amzn.to/2H0W7Ge - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: http://CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Sleep & Hormones Test (Run your adrenal & hormone levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels)

Have you heard of a peptide that keeps popping up in the news that has been shown to help with hunger and enable people to lose weight more easily?    It's called, Peptide YY, or PYY for short, and believe it or not, our bodies make it naturally - It's just that some people's bodies make more of it than others for very specific reasons…   So on today's #CabralConcept 2189 I'd like to share with you how to curb cravings and hunger naturally with PYY - Enjoy the show and let me know if you have any questions! - - - Show Notes & Resources: http://StephenCabral.com/2189 - - - Dr. Cabral's New Book, The Rain Barrel Effect https://amzn.to/2H0W7Ge - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: http://CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Sleep & Hormones Test (Run your adrenal & hormone levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels)

Have you ever wondered if it could be your hormones that are making weight loss so difficult? Have you ever thought – “It's got to be my thyroid. I just don't get it. I'm barely eating anything, I've exercising 5 days a week. It just doesn't make any sense that I'm not losing weight.” (Only to have your doctor tell you your thyroid levels are normal) ? On today's podcast, I break down exactly which hormones are involved in weight regulation and appetite within your body, and what that means for your weight loss journey. Because we all know that “calories in, calories out” isn't working…. We review ghrelin (the hunger hormone), satiety signals like CCK, PYY, GLP1, the energy barometer leptin, and the famous one: insulin. I'll explain how these signals come together to communicate with your brain and drive appetite, energy balance and your weight. We take a look at the three layers of the human appetite system within the brain and what you can do to override ancient, evolutionary biology that is driving your weight gain Obesity is a complex chronic medical condition, established by our, and influenced by psychology, our food environment, our behaviours, other medical conditions and medications that one may be taking. But that doesn't mean you can't do something about it.

Before I dive into my 5 favorite tips for IF, I want to touch on a few of the beneficial hormonal adaptations that occur as a result of fasting...Regular fasting, in addition to lowering insulin levels, has also been shown to improve insulin sensitivity significantly. This is the missing link in the weight-loss puzzle. Most diets reduce highly insulin-secreting foods, but do not address the insulin resistance issue. Growth hormone secretion decreases steadily with age. One of the most potent stimuli to growth hormone secretion is fasting.   Long term studies of intermittent fasting prove that the fasting strategy is more than 4 times better at preserving lean mass percentage compared to caloric restriction.Noradrenaline levels are increased so that we have plenty of energy to go get more food. For example, 48 hours of fasting produces a 3.6% increase in metabolic rate, not the dreaded metabolic ‘shut-down'. In response to a 4-day fast, resting energy expenditure increased up to 14%. Rather than slowing the metabolism, instead the body revs it up. Presumably, this is done so that we have energy to go out and find more food.So my 5 favorite tips to make your fast effective and easy...Eat Clean - Lack of hunger when eating low carb has been linked to ketosis, a metabolic state in which your body runs mainly on fat — at least some of which is body fat — and breakdown products of fat called ketones. Studies clearly show that these diets reduce hunger, though the mechanisms via which ketones reduce hunger are only partly understood. Said more simply, low-carb diets higher in protein, fat, and fiber-filled veggies increase “fullness” hormones, like CCK and PYY, and decrease “hunger” hormones, like ghrelin. Eating whole foods is a good rule of thumb. Low carb (veggies and moderate fruit) - High Protein (grass fed, grass finished nose to tail) - Moderate Fat (cook in tallow, grass-fed butter)Stay Busy - Trick the mind. Find things to do like work, read or perhaps go for a walk. The busier the day the easier it is to fast and stay out of the kitchen.Start Slow - Push back breakfast an hour every few days. Go at your own pace.Stay Hydrated - Eating less often provides less water. If you make the switch to a low-carb diet, you are probably eliminating processed foods from your diet, which contain high amounts of sodium. Second, low-carb diets are diuretic in nature, meaning the kidneys excrete electrolytes at a higher rate. This is normal and not something to be worried about, but it is important to replace these electrolytes. By properly supplementing your electrolytes, adding salt to water, and/or drinking mineral water commonly contains substances like magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc, and, according to recent research, they're actually a pretty effective way to boost your mineral intake. At its core, mineral water provides minerals the human body can't create itself.Ride out hunger waves - Ghrelin is the so-called hunger hormone. So, if you want to lose weight on a long-term basis, you need to tune down ghrelin. Hunger can be a learned response. We are used to eating three meals per day, so we begin to get hungry just because it is ‘time to eat'. But if you don't eat at those times, ghrelin DOES NOT CONTINUALLY INCREASE. After the initial wave of hunger, it recedes, even if you don't eat. Hunger comes as a wave. After it passes, it loses much of its power. Ghrelin spontaneously decreases after approximately two hours without food consumption. If you simply ignore hunger and don't eat, it will disappear. The average ghrelin levels over 24 hours of fasting decreases! In other words, eating nothing makes you less hungry.There you have it, my favorite tips to make fasting a breeze! -Always be sure to consult with a physician before you start fasting.-Have a great day!If you love the Get Lean Eat Clean Podcast, we'd love for you to subscribe, rate, and give a review on iTunes. Until next time!Links:Watch Get Lean Eat Clean podcast video episodes on YouTube!https://www.21dayfastingchallenge.com/X3 Bar: Variable Resistance Technology allows for a full body workout in only 10 minutes! Use discount code "Save50" for $50 off your purchase! | https://www.anrdoezrs.net/click-100286468-13650338Interested in becoming a Keto Coach - Here's a certification for you!https://kate-jaramillo.mykajabi.com/a/13557/nwzmzvre| Listen to the Get Lean Eat Clean Podcast |►iTunes | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/get-lean-eat-clean/id1540391210►Spotify | https://open.spotify.com/show/0QmJzYZsdV6tUNbDxaPJjS| Connect with Brian |►Website | https://www.briangryn.com►Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/bdgryn►Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/getleanandeatclean►Twitter | https://twitter.com/grynnerwinner

Is a high-protein diet the best diet you could follow? If so, what are the health benefits? Are there any risks? Read on, and you'll understand why I believe a high-protein diet is the best diet for health, fitness, and even supporting quality-of-life later in life. What is a High-Protein Diet? Researchers categorize diets as "high-protein" based on the percentage of calories coming from protein or the measured amount of protein you eat compared with your body weight. Percentage-Based Calculation: According to The Institute of Medicine, a high-protein diet consists of more than 30-35% of its total calories as protein. If you eat 2000 calories per day and consume more than 600-700 calories from protein, you'd eat a "high-protein diet." Weight-Based Calculation: The Institute of Medicine also set the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for protein at 0.8 grams per kilogram of bodyweight. That's 0.36 grams per pound bodyweight. Using this method, if you weigh 200 pounds and eat more than 72 grams of protein per day, according to the IOM, you'd eat a "high-protein diet." The weight-based calculation generates a better recommendation. For example, a 200-pound athlete that trains five hours per day requires far more calories than a 200-pound couch potato. Yet, most of the additional calories should come from fat or carbohydrates to fuel exercise. That said, 0.8 grams per kilogram is the Recommended Daily Intake, which is an "adequate amount for most people to avoid deficiency." It is not an optimal amount. In the United States, the average adult male eats 98 grams of protein per day, and the average female eats 68 grams. That's pretty close to the Recommended Daily Intake. Yet, the RDI is well-below optimal. From my experience, experimentation, and based on an increasing amount of evidence, the optimal protein intake is about one gram per pound ideal body weight. I always include the phrase "ideal body weight," because if you weigh 250 pounds today, but should be closer to 150 pounds, 150 grams of protein would be optimal. It's not that 250 grams would be detrimental; it's unnecessary to eat the extra 100 grams. The ‘lay’ recommendation to consume 1 g protein/lb of body weight (2.2 g/kg/day) while resistance training has pervaded for years. Nutrition professionals often deem this lay recommendation excessive and not supported by research. However, as this review shows, this ‘lay’ recommendation aligns well with research that assesses applied outcome measures of strength and body composition in studies of duration > 4 weeks.Bosse JD, Dixon BM, 2012 What are the health benefits of a high-protein diet? High-protein diets don't just help you look better. They also impact your overall health. The following are some of the most significant ways high-protein diets enhance your wellbeing. Supports fat and weight loss In one type of study, researchers create a specific dietary protocol, where protein makes up 30-35% of calorie intake in one group, and less in another. They equalize total calories between the groups, relative to each individual’s metabolic rate. In such studies, the higher-protein group experiences more of an improvement in body composition. In another study design, participants follow an ad libitum diet. They must eat a set level of protein, but get no other dietary recommendations. In this type of study, higher-protein intake favors better body composition as well. When I work with online personal training clients on their nutrition, my first recommendation is to increase protein intake. I don't care what other carbs and fat they eat, as long as they eat more protein. They almost always eat fewer carbs and less fat without thinking about it, and get leaner without feeling like they're on "diets." High-protein diets: Increase satiety: Protein stimulates the release of cholecystokinin, PYY, and GLP-1, which reduce feelings of hunger, as well as increase satiety,

A gente está satisfeito, mas daí vem a hora da sobremesa.E, mesmo com a barriga cheia, é comum alguém dizer:- Ah, pro doce tem espaço, porque é outra gaveta!Faz sentido essa afirmação?Confira no papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.OUÇA (48min 12s)*Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.Edição: Reginaldo Cursino.http://naruhodo.b9.com.br*PARCERIA: ALURAA Alura tem mais de 1.000 cursos de diversas áreas e é a maior plataforma de cursos online do Brasil -- e você tem acesso a todos com uma única assinatura.Aproveite o desconto de R$100 para ouvintes Naruhodo no link:https://www.alura.com.br/promocao/naruhodo *REFERÊNCIASHabituation as a determinant of human food intakehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2703585/A high carbohydrate, but not fat or protein meal attenuates postprandial ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 responses in Chinese menhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792004/Changes in brain activity related to eating chocolate: From pleasure to aversionhttps://academic.oup.com/brain/article/124/9/1720/303201The Smell of Healthy Choices: Cross-Modal Sensory Compensation Effects of Ambient Scent on Food Purchaseshttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0022243718820585The functions of the orbitofrontal cortexhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S027826260300277X?via%3DihubThe cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memoryhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00429-019-01945-2Good practice in food-related neuroimaginghttps://academic.oup.com.sci-hub.tw/ajcn/article-abstract/109/3/491/5369498Cafeteria diet impairs expression of sensory-specific satiety and stimulus-outcome learninghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4146395/Sensory-specific satiety-related olfactory activation of the human orbitofrontal cortexhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.33.7049&rep=rep1&type=pdfEffect of exposure to similar flavours in sensory specific satiety: Implications for eating behaviourhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666318301764Commentary: Cafeteria diet impairs expression of sensory-specific satiety and stimulus-outcome learninghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415321/Role of ghrelin in food reward: impact of ghrelin on sucrose self-administration and mesolimbic dopamine and acetylcholine receptor gene expressionhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21309956/Variety in a meal enhances food intake in manhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031938481900147The Role of Ghrelin in Regulating Synaptic Function and Plasticity of Feeding-Associated Circuitshttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00205/fullWhat Is the Evidence for “Food Addiction?” A Systematic Reviewhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946262/Food after deprivation rewards the earlier eatinghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666312002383The dark side of food addictionhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21557958/#:~:text=Animal%20models%20indicate%20that%20repeated,aversive%20consequences%2C%20and%20relapse%20toFood cravings in food addiction: The distinct role of positive reinforcementhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471015312000116?via%3DihubNaruhodo #179 - Por que ouvimos algumas músicas muitas vezes até cansar?https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-179-por-que-ouvimos-algumas-musicas-muitas-vezes-ate-cansar/Naruhodo #197 - Adoçantes artificiais podem fazer mal?https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-197-adocantes-artificiais-podem-fazer-mal/ Naruhodo #195 - Beber suco de frutas aumenta o risco de câncer?https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-195-beber-suco-de-frutas-aumenta-o-risco-de-cancer/Naruhodo #159 - A ciência consegue explicar tudo? - Parte 1 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-159-a-ciencia-consegue-explicar-tudo-parte-1-de-2/Naruhodo #160 - A ciência consegue explicar tudo? - Parte 2 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-160-a-ciencia-consegue-explicar-tudo-parte-2-de-2/Podcasts das #Minas: HOJE TEM#MulheresPodcastershttps://open.spotify.com/show/2w3IfCyn2cAVrSrzVkwTcjhttps://hojetempodcast.com/*APOIE O NARUHODO!Você sabia que pode ajudar a manter o Naruhodo no ar?Ao contribuir, você pode ter acesso ao grupo fechado no Telegram, receber conteúdos exclusivos e ter vantagens especiais.Assine o apoio mensal pelo PicPay: https://picpay.me/naruhodopodcast

Please help us keep this podcast free! Become a supporter on Patreon by clicking here! There is a pathway in the brain that promotes weight gain Orexigenic Pathway Decreases movement throughout the day (you don’t even notice it!) Increased appetite Stimulated by Ghrelin, cortisol (stress) Sleep deprivation And a pathway to promote weight loss Anorexigen Pathway Increases spontaneous movement NEAT (the biggest thing linked with weight loss) Stimulated by Leptin, Insulin, Serotonin One reason overweight folks with leptin resistance are more hungry Stimulated by a whole host of hormones we will talk about briefly later Stimulated by Stomach stretch Your body sends signals that stimulate one of these pathways.   Hormones that Make that decrease your appetite Insulin From the pancreas in response to food Stops the hunger pathway directly A problem if you are insulin resistant Also causes your body to store nutrients (glycogen in muscle / liver) Stores fat as well Leptin Secreted by the fat cell Stimulates the pathway making you full, Inhibits the pathway making  you hungry. This is at the level of the brain Proportional to body fat (less than leaner you are) Serotonin We talked about this on another podcast CCK (cholecystokinin) From your small bowel In response to fat and protein Decreases stomach emptying (making you feel full longer) Decreases Ghrelin (your hunger hormone) *Weight Loss leads to CCK NOT elevating as much after food BUT if in Ketosis, normal response of CCK after eating is maintained   GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide) Small bowel Stimulated by by carbs Lower levels in folks affected by obesity, and people with pre-diabetes / diabetes Dec liver making glucose (gluconeogenesis) Reduces appetite Decrease gastric emptying. E.g Trulicity is an example of drug modeled after this. Others from the small bowel:; PYY, OXM, etc.   Things that make you more hungry Ghrelin is the more powerful What stimulates Ghrelin and makes you more hungry Stress, sleep deprivation, The expectation of food WEIGHT LOSS (any) Fasting Ketones (SIDE NOTE) Ketones inhibit the rise in ghrelin that occurs with weight loss The pathway that makes you hungry is inhibited by many of the hormones that make you full   Other side notes Fructose does not help your brain to register that it is full E.g candy Fruit has fructose but also fiber which causes stomach stretch So, How can you regulate your appetite When you do eat: Protein > Fat > carbohydrates Eat carbohydrates with fiber Bulk helps (stomach stretch) Sleep More Stress Reduction   Mindfulness has its place but intuitive eating may not be a good approach if you have metabolic dysfunction Plan your day / meal times So you are not just eating out of boredom or stress If you just ate, you probably are not hungry Why do you want to eat?  

Eläinten maailmasta löytyy monta sanontaa, joista Kielipuolen kielenhuoltajat saavat kysymyksiä. Mistä tulee sanonta Ellun kanat? Onko kuitti ostoskuitti vai väsynyt? Rutikuiva, sokeriserkku ja stöpseli. Mikä on yliö tai yläkertakirjoitus? Mikä on äimän käki? Kuppila ja kapakka, mikä ero niissä on? Mistä tulee sanonta selvä pyy? Ja mitä anekdootti oikein tarkoittaa? Kielipuoli kielipuoli@sverigesradio.se

In this episode, Dr Tommy Wood turns the mic on one of our favourite podcast hosts, Mike Mutzel. Mike has a B.S. in Biology and M.S. in Clinical Nutrition and is a graduate of the Institute for Functional Medicine. He is an independent consultant for one of the world’s leading professional nutrition companies (XYMOGEN) and the host of the High Intensity Health show. Sign up for our Highlights email and every week we’ll send you a short (but sweet) email containing the following: One piece of simple, actionable advice to improve your health and performance, including the reference(s) to back it up. One item we read or saw in the health and fitness world recently that we would like to give a different perspective on, and why. One remarkable thing that we think you’ll enjoy! Here’s the outline of this interview with Mike Mutzel: [00:00:26] High Intensity Health. [00:00:37] Book: Belly Fat Effect: The Real Secret About How Your Diet, Intestinal Health, and Gut Bacteria Help You Burn Fat. [00:01:07] Health history. [00:01:59] Biotics Research. [00:02:36] University of Colorado medical school. [00:03:27] XYMOGEN supplements. [00:08:13] Finding a practitioner. [00:09:48] Incretins. [00:10:13] Bariatric surgery. [00:11:05] GLP-1, GLP-2, GIP-1, PYY. [00:11:57] L-cells. [00:13:08] Metformin. [00:13:25] Berberine. [00:13:30] Whey protein. [00:13:42] Dietary fat and CCK. [00:13:52] Polyphenols. [00:14:42] Chew your food. [00:15:58] Unprocessed food. [00:17:30] Mike's home environment. [00:19:25] Chickens and dogs. [00:20:30] Podcast: Social isolation Bryan Walsh, ND. [00:20:40] Tommy’s IHS talk. [00:23:13] Managing your spouse [00:25:35] Men who get married live longer but women don't. [00:26:27] Circadian biology. [00:26:38] Alessandro Ferretti. [00:27:13] HRV. [00:28:35] Ketogenic diet mood changes. [00:30:21] Angela Poff in Dominic D'Agostino’s lab. [00:33:03] Spreading the word. [00:33:27] PHAT FIBRE. [00:34:43] Eating junk food on a plane. [00:35:58] Mark Hyman, MD. [00:36:37] Time restricted feeding. [00:38:37] Raymond Edmunds of Optimal Ketogenic Living. [00:39:55] Jason Fung, MD. [00:41:31] Maintaining strength. [00:41:51] Ron Rosedale, MD. [00:42:57] Morning routine. [00:45:26] Traveling. [00:46:37] Stuck in a elevator with a politician. [00:48:11] Modern agriculture and community gardening. [00:49:08] Detroit grocery stores. [00:50:19] Mouth taping. [00:50:54] High Intensity Health on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram.

We’ll start this episode by talking about clocks, but not the type of clock that ticks away on your wall. Instead, we’ll talk about the biological clocks that tick inside us. Clifford Saper of the Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center in Boston will explain some of the research on circadian rhythm and will share his theory about the best way to deal with the disruption of the biological clock caused by jet travel. If you’re traveling this holiday season, or anytime in the near future, give a listen. (Begins at 3:14)Do you have a tendency to overeat during the holidays? A new study finds that exercise affects the release of two hormones that help regulate appetite, ghrelin and peptide YY. This may help explain why exercise is often, even if only briefly, associated with suppression of appetite. David Stensel of Loughborough University in the United Kingdom will talk about his study, which appears in the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. (Begins at 11:54)Total Time: 20:27