Podcasts about Nature Medicine

Listen to FULL RUNDOWN at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/full-rundown-the-%24730-billion-reality-check-openais/id1684415169?i=1000752770917

This episode critically examines a recent Nature Medicine paper on the timing of immune therapy infusion in lung cancer, exploring the scientific plausibility, methodological concerns, and implications for future research. Tom, Brian and David McDermott debate the validity of the findings, the review process, and the need for rigorous prospective trials.

This week on Pulse: Hot Topics, Louise and George tackle big shifts in medicines safety and the accelerating global AI race in healthcare.Australia moves toward a National Medicines RecordThe Federal Government announces reforms requiring medicines prescribed via online platforms to be uploaded to My Health Record — including clinical context. With medication-related harm accounting for around 250,000 hospital admissions annually, is this the safety infrastructure Australia has needed for decades?AI predicts 130 diseases from one night of sleepA new Nature Medicine study claims a sleep foundation model trained on 585,000 hours of data can predict future risk of more than 130 diseases. Breakthrough preventative medicine — or promising science with important caveats.China's AI healthcare surgeChina's Ant Group health chatbot reaches 30 million monthly users, embedded inside Alipay's super-app ecosystem. Meanwhile, China announces a $2–3 billion national AI healthcare strategy targeting population-scale deployment by 2030. Are we witnessing two divergent AI healthcare futures — cautious and regulated versus centralised and scaled?We are on tour!Charlotte Blease of #DrBot book fame and Louise are hitting the road together. Come see them in person and get your booked signed by Charlotte!Sydney: Tuesday 3rd March 6pm, Gleebooks, Glebe. Get tickets hereMelbourne: Tuesday 10th March 6.30pm, Mary Martin Bookshop, Southbank. Get tickets hereResourcesDr Sara Riggare's Checklist and Resources for Meaningful Engagement of Patients LinkVisit Pulse+IT.news to subscribe to breaking digital news, weekly newsletters and a rich treasure trove of archival material. People in the know, get their news from Pulse+IT – Your leading voice in digital health news.Follow us on LinkedIn Louise | George | Pulse+ITFollow us on BlueSky Louise | George | Pulse+ITSend us your questions pulsepod@pulseit.newsProduction by Octopod Productions | Ivan Juric

Psychedelic medicine is moving from the margins to mainstream neuroscience.

Impact sur l'emploi, utilisation malveillante, perte de contrôle... L'intelligence artificielle soulève toujours autant d'interrogations et d'inquiétudes. Des démissions jettent le trouble et alimentent les questionnements. Et aussi : l'actu de la semaine.

About the Guest(s): Dr. Kristin Hieshetter is the host of Functional Health Radio, an established healthcare professional with expertise in functional medicine, chiropractic care, and neuroinflammation. With a rich background in educating medical, chiropractic, and dental professionals, Dr. Kristin is dedicated to translating complex medical research into practical knowledge for both her peers and the general public. She regularly integrates insights from reputable medical journals into her work and travels to share her knowledge at various continuing education events for healthcare providers. Episode Summary: In this engaging episode of Functional Health Radio, Dr. Kristin Hieshetter delves into the implications of COVID-19 as a brain disease, discussing its impact on long-term neurological health and offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies. Highlighting the struggles faced by the 225 million individuals worldwide known as "Covid long haulers," Dr. Kristin shares her expertise on the often debilitating neurological symptoms that persist in many patients well after recovery from the initial infection. Throughout the episode, Dr. Kristin explores the science behind COVID-19's effects on the brain, emphasizing the structural impact of the virus's spike proteins and their lingering presence. By referencing several studies, including those published in top-tier journals such as Molecular Neurobiology and Nature Medicine, she discusses the immune-mediated pathways that lead to neuroinflammation, cognitive deficits, and reduced gray matter in COVID-19 patients. She sheds light on the necessity for personalized protocols when treating long-haul symptoms, combined with the use of low-level lasers, supplements, and lifestyle changes to promote healing and brain health. Key Takeaways: COVID-19 can have long-term neurological effects, leading to symptoms such as brain fog, memory loss, and anxiety. Spike proteins from the virus remain in the body, contributing to neuroinflammation and facilitating long-term cognitive issues. Integral therapeutic approaches include tailored supplementation, regular exercise, low-level laser therapy, and controlled doses of methylene blue. Variability in patient responses necessitates highly individualized treatment plans to manage and potentially reverse symptoms. Maintaining brain health requires attention to exercise, nutrition, and supplementation to combat the inflammatory effects of the virus. Notable Quotes: "Both long Covid and COVID vaccine can sometimes create things like brain fog, neuroinflammation, and long term sequelae." "We have more abnormal than normal brains in the world." "The COVID spike proteins, they hang out at the base of the skull, throughout the skull, in a system called the duromeningeal system." "COVID long haulers have way too much inflammation. Low-level laser can help you with that." "For every nerve that goes from the brain to the stomach, nine go back up." Resources: PubMed: Molecular Neurobiology, July 2021 Journal Article: Cell Host and Microbe, Volume 32, 2024 Dr. Greg Fors - BioSpec Nutritionals: Mito Detox 3 Nature Medicine, Volume 31, 2025 Listeners are encouraged to dive into this informative episode to understand fully the complex nature of COVID-19 as a brain disease and its long-term implications on health. Join Dr. Kristin as she prepares to address these pertinent challenges faced by many today and provides tools for navigating them. Stay tuned for more episodes of Functional Health Radio for continued learning and insight.

Uno studio pubblicato su Nature Medicine dal Bambino Gesù mostra risultati promettenti nell'uso delle cellule CAR-T, già impiegate per alcuni tumori, per trattare malattie autoimmuni gravi nei bambini. In questa puntata di Obiettivo Salute Risveglio, il Prof. Fabrizio De Benedetti, responsabile dell'area di ricerca in Immunologia, Reumatologia e Malattie Infettive, ci spiega come funziona questa terapia e quali sono le potenziali implicazioni per la cura dei più piccoli.

durée : 00:00:53 - Le billet sciences - Les résultats de ces travaux ont été publiés dans la revue scientifique "Nature Medicine". Les nouveaux modèles d'intelligence artificielle sont loin d'être totalement fiables pour poser un diagnostic crédible. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

What if we could take the guesswork out of cancer treatment—and move from try and hope to test and know? In this episode of Med Tech Gurus, we sit down with Jim Foote, CEO and Founder of First Ascent Biomedical, whose mission began after losing his son to cancer. That experience became the driving force behind Functional Precision Medicine (FPM)—a groundbreaking approach that combines tumor testing, genomics, and AI to rank the most effective drugs for each patient in just ten days Backed by a Nature Medicine study showing an 83% patient benefit rate, First Ascent is proving that personalization saves lives. With automation reducing lab times from hours to minutes and new CLIA-certified labs accelerating access, Jim and his team are reshaping how cancer care is delivered. From building trust with clinicians to leading through loss, Jim shares a powerful story of innovation, resilience, and purpose that every medtech leader can learn from.

Heute in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Ungesundes Essen hat viele Gemeinsamkeiten mit Zigaretten +++ Homeoffice macht wohl produktiver +++ Viele Krebserkrankungen wären vermeidbar +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:From Tobacco to Ultraprocessed Food: How Industry Engineering Fuels the Epidemic of Preventable Disease, The Milbank Quarterly, 02.02.2026Höhere Produktivität im Homeoffice? Eine Analyse der Vorteile und der Grenzen intensiver Nutzung von Homeoffice auf Basis einer Produktivitätsmessung bei der Techniker Krankenkasse, 2026Global and regional cancer burden attributable to modifiable risk factors to inform prevention, Nature Medicine, 03.02.2026Das kanadisch-französische Forschungsteam will 15.000 Graffiti-Fotos bald hier online stellenWie kann gesunde Tiefkühlpizza aussehen?, Hochschule Bremerhaven, 03.02.2026Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

The vagus nerve, also known as the Great Nerve, connects the brain to all parts of the body, like an internet (Figure below). Every week we're learning more about its importance for health and disease. Until recent years the brain and immune system were thought to be in separate “firewalled” compartments. But that turned out to be far from the truth.Dr. Kevin Tracey, who directs the Feinstein Institute at Northwell Health, has been studying the vagus nerve for more than 3 decades. In the early 1990's he made the seminal observation that stimulating the vagus reduces the inflammatory cytokine known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), what he described at the time as a “holy s**t” moment. In 2025 he published the book THE GREAT NERVE with many rich patient anecdotes and the history for how this field developed.I wrote about the brain-immune axis previously on Ground Truths, spotlighting the vagus nerve's role. That included much more on depth of the pathways if you are interested.We discussed the recent FDA July approval for refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA)(unresponsive to medications or intolerance to medical therapy) based on a sham-controlled randomized trial published in December 2025 in Nature Medicine. It is striking that the benefits were derived from 1 minute of vagal stimulation per day. That stimulation is barely perceived (tingling, many not at all) by device recipients. The surgery takes one hour to implant the tiny stimulator device along side the vagus nerve in the neck. But this is much bigger than a treatment for RA. It is now being tested for lupus, Crohn's disease, and other autoimmune conditions. That's beyond the role vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has played for epilepsy and depression, independent of VNS's anti-inflammatory impact (Tracey named it “the inflammatory reflex”).We also discussed handheld VNS devices, potential use for Long Covid and POTS, cold plunges, heart rate variability, stress, and other topics related to the vagus nerve and parasympathetic nervous system (the brakes, “rest and digest” as opposed to the sympathetic nervous system (the gas, “fight or flight”).Most people are not aware of this device approved treatment for an autoimmune disease. Our treatments are so drug-centric but they are immunosuppressive, have important side-effects, and are expensive. It's good to see a non-drug approach get compelling data as an alternative. Moreover, as I recently wrote about, there's a shift ongoing from treatment to cures vs autoimmune diseases that will be adding to the mix.Here are some very recent papers about the vagus nerve to give you a sense about how its prominence is getting appreciated more all the timeGut-brain-vagus axis for reward circuit and addiction, 30 Jan 2026, Science AdvancesRandomized trial of VNS for depression , Int J of Neuropsychopharm 2026 The vagus nerve role in heart function after a heart attack, Cell, February 2026Vagus receptors and hemorrhage, blood volume, Nature, 28 Jan 2026A Quick PollThank you Harshi Peiris, Ph.D., Tay MacIntyre, David Dansereau, MSPT, Max Manwaring-Mueller, RJ, and over 600 others for tuning into my live video with Kevin J. Tracey, MD! Join me for my next live video with Robert Wachter Feb 4th, 12:30 PM PT in the app.**********************************************Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (approaching 200,000) from every US state and 210 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join!If you found this interesting PLEASE share it!Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don't hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered.Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. It enabled us to accept and support 47 summer interns in 2025! We aim to accept even more of the several thousand who will apply for summer 2026. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

La maladie d'Alzheimer touche davantage les femmes que les hommes. Aujourd'hui, près de deux tiers des personnes atteintes sont des femmes. Longtemps, cette différence a été expliquée presque uniquement par un facteur simple : les femmes vivent plus longtemps. Or, les recherches récentes montrent que cette explication est insuffisante. Même à âge égal, les femmes présentent un risque plus élevé de développer la maladie.Une étude de référence publiée dans la revue scientifique Nature Medicine montre que le cerveau féminin vieillit différemment face aux mécanismes d'Alzheimer. Les chercheurs ont mis en évidence des différences biologiques profondes, notamment dans la manière dont les protéines toxiques associées à la maladie s'accumulent et se propagent.Le premier facteur clé est hormonal. Les œstrogènes, hormones sexuelles féminines, jouent un rôle protecteur pour le cerveau. Elles favorisent la plasticité neuronale, soutiennent la mémoire et aident à réguler l'utilisation du glucose par les cellules cérébrales. Or, lors de la ménopause, les niveaux d'œstrogènes chutent brutalement. Cette transition hormonale pourrait rendre le cerveau plus vulnérable aux lésions liées à Alzheimer, en particulier si elle survient précocement ou sans compensation hormonale.Le deuxième facteur est génétique. Le principal gène de risque connu pour Alzheimer, appelé APOE ε4, n'a pas le même impact selon le sexe. Plusieurs études montrent que les femmes porteuses de ce gène présentent un risque plus élevé que les hommes porteurs du même variant. Autrement dit, à patrimoine génétique égal, le cerveau féminin semble plus sensible aux mécanismes pathologiques de la maladie.Troisièmement, le métabolisme cérébral diffère entre les sexes. Les études d'imagerie montrent que, chez les femmes, certaines régions du cerveau impliquées dans la mémoire consomment l'énergie différemment au cours du vieillissement. Cette adaptation, efficace plus jeune, pourrait devenir un point de fragilité avec l'âge.Enfin, des facteurs sociaux entrent aussi en jeu. Les femmes âgées aujourd'hui ont souvent eu, dans leur jeunesse, un accès plus limité à l'éducation ou à des carrières intellectuellement stimulantes. Cela peut réduire la « réserve cognitive », c'est-à-dire la capacité du cerveau à compenser les lésions avant l'apparition des symptômes.En résumé, si les femmes sont plus touchées par Alzheimer, ce n'est pas seulement parce qu'elles vivent plus longtemps. C'est le résultat d'une combinaison de facteurs hormonaux, génétiques, métaboliques et sociaux. Comprendre ces différences est essentiel pour développer, à l'avenir, des stratégies de prévention et de traitement mieux adaptées aux femmes comme aux hommes. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In this episode of Let's Talk Micro, we break down metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and how it's changing the way we diagnose complex infectious diseases. I'm joined by Steve Miller, MD, PhD—Chief Medical Officer at Delve Bio—to discuss how unbiased metagenomics moved from research labs into real-world clinical practice. We cover what metagenomics is, how it differs from targeted PCR and sequencing, and where it adds the most value—especially in meningitis and encephalitis, immunocompromised patients, and cases where routine testing comes back negative. Dr. Miller shares insights from years of clinical experience, including how mNGS can improve diagnostic yield, shorten time to diagnosis, guide targeted therapy, and reduce unnecessary testing and hospital stays. We also touch on challenges like cost, result interpretation, diagnostic stewardship, and where metagenomics is headed next—including its role in public health and emerging infections.    Links & Resources Clinical metagenomics for meningitis and encephalitis (Nature Medicine) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03275-1    Stay connected with Let's Talk Micro: Website: letstalkmicro.com Questions or feedback? Email me at letstalkmicro@outlook.com Interested in being a guest on Let's Talk Micro? Fill out the form here: https://forms.gle/V2fT3asjfyusmqyi8 Support the podcast: Venmo Buy me a Ko-fi  

10,000 – that's the magic number of steps often recommended for a healthy lifestyle. With recent research looking into whether that number is an accurate benchmark for health, could the number of steps taken per day have an impact on brain health and, specifically, cognitive decline? That's precisely what a new study from Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham sought to examine, looking at how physical activity, specifically step count, impacted cognitive decline for those living with Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Bri Breidenbach and Sarah Lose join the podcast to break down the results of this new study, as well as share what current research says about the effect of other kinds of physical activity, such as different intensity exercises, on the brain and Alzheimer's progression. Guests: Bri Breidenbach, PhD, scientist, exercise physiologist, Okonkwo Lab, and Sarah Lose, MS, research program manager, exercise physiologist, Okonkwo Lab, UW School of Medicine and Public Health   Show Notes Read the study, “Physical activity as a modifiable risk factor in preclinical Alzheimer's disease,” published by the journal Nature Medicine on their website. Learn more about Dr. Breidenbach and Sarah Lose's work on the Okonkwo Lab website. Read “Association of Daily Step Count and Intensity With Incident Dementia in 78 430 Adults Living in the UK,” mentioned by Dr. Breidenbach at 12:01, on JAMA Neurology's website. Listen to Sarah Lose's previous episode, “Building the Brain: Finding the Cognitive Benefits of Physical Activity,” on our website. Learn more about physical activity and the six pillars of brain health on our website. Complete the Dementia Matters Feedback Survey to let us know what our show is doing well and how we can improve in the New Year! This anonymous survey is estimated to take about 5 minutes to complete and is open to all.   Connect with us Find transcripts and more at our website. Email Dementia Matters: dementiamatters@medicine.wisc.edu Follow us on Facebook and Twitter. Subscribe to the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center's e-newsletter. Enjoy Dementia Matters? Consider making a gift to the Dementia Matters fund through the UW Initiative to End Alzheimer's. All donations go toward outreach and production.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ in Süddeutschland steigt die Sterblichkeit, weil Pflegefachkräfte abwandern +++ was wir tun können, damit uns im Winter weniger kalt ist +++ Viele nehmen Hund und Katze mit ins Bett +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Multi-omic definition of metabolic obesity through adipose tissue–microbiome interactions, Nature Medicine, 02.01.2026Genius Chimpanzee Ai Dies at Age 49, Primate Known for Enthusiastic Role in Research on Learning, Memory, Japan News, 11.01.26Wie Personalmangel in Krankenhäusern Leben kostet, ifo Schnelldienst, 2025, 78, Nr. 11 04-07 ifo Institut MünchenHERODOTUS ON THE EXPEDITION OF DATIS AND ARTAPHRENES: ATHENIAN IMPERIALISM MIRRORED IN THE FIRST PERSIAN WAR, 17.12.26**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .

Covid 19 yalnızca sosyal yaşantımızı değil, vücudumuzdaki bir çok organı da değiştirdi, tahrip etti. Bilim insanlarının yaptıkları inceleme sonucunda, Covid 19 geçirenlerin beyinlerinin yaklaşık 4 yıl yaşlandığı sonucuna vardı. Araştırma tıp dergisi Nature Medicine'de yayılandı. Hastalığı ağır geçiren ve hastaneye kaldırılan hastalarda bu değişimlerin daha belirgin olduğu tespit edildi. Peki Covid-19 beyni neden ve nasıl bu kadar etkiledi? Nöroloji Uzmanı Prof. Dr. Dilek Necioğlu Örken'e sorduk.

This special episode brings together the moments from 2025 that listeners told us had the biggest impact on how they eat, think, and feel. It's been a year full of surprising insights, practical shifts, and ideas that made healthy eating feel a little more doable. From gut health breakthroughs to simple food habits that spark real change, these clips highlight the advice that resonated most - that people returned to, shared, and said genuinely helped them feel better. Whether you're pausing to take stock of the year or simply looking for small ideas to weave into everyday life, this episode offers some science-backed inspiration you can carry forward in your own way. Unwrap the truth about your food

Send us a textSummary: Microplastics are showing up in our water, food, air—and in human tissues. In this episode, I unpack what the best studies actually show (and don't), why risk is plausible but not proven, and the realistic steps you can take today without panic. In this episode, I cover:What microplastics are and why they're everywhere—from packaging and clothing to tire dust—and why production is still projected to rise ~70% by 2040 (OECD). OECD+2OECD+2The signal that caught my attention: patients with microplastics in carotid artery plaque had a markedly higher 3-year risk of heart attack, stroke, or death (NEJM). Association, not proof—but concerning. The Guardian+3New England Journal of Medicine+3PubMed+3What's turning up in the brain: autopsy work suggests rising microplastic loads in brain tissue, though causality remains unknown (Nature Medicine coverage). Nature+2Nature+2Everyday exposure: a liter of bottled water can contain ~240,000 plastic particles—mostly nanoplastics—using newer detection methods (NIH Research Matters). TIME+3National Institutes of Health (NIH)+3NCBI+3Indoor vs. outdoor air: estimates suggest we inhale tens of thousands of microplastic particles daily, with higher indoor concentrations (PLOS One). PLOS+1My takeaways for you (progress, not perfection):Respect the signal without catastrophizing. Human data are early, but cardiovascular and neurologic signals merit attention. New England Journal of Medicine+1Make the easy swaps: store food in glass, don't microwave plastic, favor loose-leaf tea over plastic-based tea bags, and replace plastic cutting boards with wood or glass. (These trim exposure; they don't eliminate it.) Air matters: consider a HEPA purifier for main living/sleeping areas and vacuum regularly; natural-fiber clothing sheds fewer synthetic particles. Water choices: where safe, use tap water with a quality home filter and a reusable (non-plastic) bottle—especially given the nanoplastic findings in some bottled waters. National Institutes of Health (NIH)Listener corner: You asked for more quick-hit myth busters (yes, we'll do “Does chicken soup speed recovery?”), and thanks for the reminder to wear a

L'intelligence artificielle transforme l'analyse médicale en révélant des motifs cellulaires invisibles à l'œil humain et en améliorant diagnostic, recherche scientifique et développement de nouveaux traitements contre le cancer.Interview : Jean-Frédéric Petit-Nivard, Chief Business Development Officer d'OwkinComment l'IA peut-elle concrètement améliorer les soins en oncologie ?Chez Owkin, notre objectif est d'utiliser l'intelligence artificielle pour mieux comprendre les maladies et améliorer la prise en charge des patients. Un exemple marquant remonte à 2019, avec notre publication dans Nature Medicine autour du projet Maisonnette. Nous avons montré qu'à partir d'images de biopsies – où l'on observe cellules cancéreuses et immunitaires – l'IA pouvait prédire la survie des patients. Là où cela devient passionnant, c'est que le modèle a redécouvert des critères connus des anatomopathologistes, mais aussi identifié de nouveaux motifs invisibles à l'œil humain, car nécessitant d'analyser des millions d'images. L'IA devient ainsi un véritable outil de recherche, capable de révéler des mécanismes biologiques que l'on n'avait jamais explorés.Aujourd'hui, vos technologies sont-elles réellement utilisées dans les hôpitaux ?Oui, et c'est une grande fierté. Certains de nos outils diagnostiques ont obtenu un marquage CE et sont désormais utilisés en pratique clinique. Ils aident les médecins à mieux diagnostiquer certaines pathologies et à orienter les patients vers les traitements les plus adaptés. Ce travail a été possible grâce à nos collaborations étroites avec de nombreux centres hospitaliers et de recherche, comme Gustave Roussy, l'Institut Bergonié, l'AP-HP ou encore des hôpitaux en Angleterre et en Allemagne. L'impact sur la vie des patients est réel, même si le développement de nouveaux traitements nécessite encore plus de temps et de validations.Quelles technologies d'IA utilisez-vous et comment les appliquez-vous à la santé ?Nous nous appuyons sur des architectures variées : CNN, LLM, modèles fondation… Beaucoup ont été initialement développées par les grands acteurs technologiques tels que Google DeepMind ou Meta AI, mais nous les adaptons à nos données biomédicales. L'un des enjeux majeurs consiste à transformer des images ou des données biologiques brutes en représentations mathématiques de qualité. C'est ce travail de representation learning qui rend possible des prédictions fiables et interprétables. Nous avons aussi beaucoup contribué au federated learning, permettant d'entraîner des modèles sur des données distribuées, un sujet décrit dans plusieurs de nos publications disponibles sur le site d'Owkin.Et demain : quelles sont les prochaines étapes pour Owkin ?Nous venons de lancer K-Pro, une nouvelle plateforme qui facilite la recherche biomédicale grâce aux agents et aux LLM. L'autre étape déterminante sera la publication des résultats de notre premier essai clinique, aujourd'hui en phase 1, mené en Australie, en Europe et aux États-Unis. Nous avons beaucoup d'espoir : confirmer notre hypothèse thérapeutique donnerait un sens immense à notre travail. Par ailleurs, de nouveaux outils diagnostiques arrivent, renforçant encore notre ambition d'accélérer la recherche et d'améliorer la vie des patients.-----------♥️ Soutien : https://mondenumerique.info/don

Christmas is a time of celebration, when friends and family gather to enjoy meals together. However, many of us overindulge, which leaves us feeling tired, bloated, and guilty. What actually happens to our bodies when we overeat, drink more, and swap fibre for sugar? And is there a way to enjoy the season's pleasures without starting January full of regret? In this episode, ZOE's Head Nutritionist, Dr Federica Amati, joins Jonathan to explore how festive food traditions shape our health and how to navigate them without guilt or restriction. Dr Federica shares practical suggestions for gut-friendly food swaps, festive traditions worth reviving, and the one ingredient she always includes on her own Christmas table. This episode is full of helpful advice on how to care for your body in a season that often asks us to do the opposite. Unwrap the truth about your food

Send us a textIn this conversation, Dr. Amy Killen discusses her exploration of hormone optimization therapy and the evolving landscape of women's health. Dr. Killen and Dr. Smeaton also discuss:The multifaceted impact of progesterone and estrogen on women's health, particularly in relation to brain and bone health Multi-omic studies and how they can aid in understanding longevityOngoing research in ovarian aging and the role of ovarian aging in women's healthThe potential of stem cell therapy in promoting longevityThe future of women's health and the need for greater access to hormone therapyShow Notes:Learn more about Dr. Amy Killen and follow her on Instagram @dr.amybkillen!Check out the brain and immune system aging study from Nature Medicine and the transdermal estradiol study from Menopause mentioned in this episode.Become a DUTCH Provider to learn more about how the DUTCH Test can profoundly change the lives of your patients.

Plastic is everywhere. In our homes, on our streets, in our oceans. But recent research suggests it's also inside us: in our blood, our organs, even our brain. So how concerned should we be? Today, Jonathan and Dr. Federica Amati are joined by longevity doctor and clinician Dr. Sabine Donnai to explore one critical question: what does plastic exposure mean for our long-term health?  Dr. Donnai breaks down how microplastics travel from packaging, food, and air into our bloodstream, and why their size means they may cross biological barriers once thought impenetrable, including the blood-brain barrier. The conversation also looks at the broader health implications of plastic-associated chemicals like BPA, their potential links to hormone disruption, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk, and why avoiding them may be especially important for those living in urban areas. For listeners keen to take practical steps, this episode offers simple and empowering guidance. Dr. Donnai shares specific tools that can reduce your exposure without creating unnecessary fear or overwhelm. You'll also hear how diet plays a key role in supporting your body's natural detox processes and why a colourful, fibre-rich diet may help us all manage the modern plastic burden. If plastics are entering your brain and bloodstream, what does it mean for your future health? And how much control do we really have in a world built on plastic? Unwrap the truth about your food

On March 29, 2023, we released an episode titled, “The 4 PCOS Phenotypes”. That was in 2023! Now, on 29 October 2025, in the journal Nature Medicine, researchers have published, “Data-driven (FOUR) subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome and their association with clinical outcomes”. PCOS is not ONE condition: is a constellation of metabolic, endocrine, and ovulatory dysregulation. We covered these 4 phenotypes back then. Is this what the “new data” found? Or what it something else? And how does these affect IVF or pregnancy outcomes? Listen in for details!1. Gao, X., Zhao, S., Du, Y. et al. Data-driven subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome and their association with clinical outcomes. Nat Med (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03984-12. Mar 29, 2023; SPOTIFY: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/profile/dr-hector-chapa/episodes/The-4-PCOS-Phenotypes-e217vv0/a-a9ipgjsSTRONG COFFEE PROMO: 20% Off Strong Coffee Company https://strongcoffeecompany.com/discount/CHAPANOSPINOBG

Today, Jenny and Mr. John dig into some new research and more real talk yet again! From optimal resistance training or results to ultraprocessed foods and putting an end to type 1 diabetes, the research is coming in hot! And don;t miss John's Real Talk about education in the fitness fields- it comes in many shapes and ways! Happy listening!References: 1. Comparable Strength and Hypertrophic Adaptations to Low-Load and High-Load Resistance Exercise Training in Trained Individuals: Many Roads Lead to RomeKristoffer Toldnes Cumming, Ingrid Cecelia Elvatun, Richard Kalenius, Gordan Divljak, Truls Raastad, Niklas Psilander, Oscar Horwath bioRxiv 2025.04.28.650925; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.28.6509252. Samuel J. Dicken, Friedrich C. Jassil, Adrian Brown, Monika Kalis, Chloe Stanley, Chaniqua Ranson, Tapiwa Ruwona, Sulmaaz Qamar, Caroline Buck, Ritwika Mallik, Nausheen Hamid, Jonathan M. Bird, Alanna Brown, Benjamin Norton, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Mark Hamer, Chris van Tulleken, Kevin D. Hall, Abigail Fisher, Janine Makaronidis, Rachel L. Batterham. Ultraprocessed or minimally processed diets following healthy dietary guidelines on weight and cardiometabolic health: a randomized, crossover trial. Nature Medicine, 2025; DOI: 10.1038/s41591-025-03842-03. Mayo Clinic. "This sugar molecule could stop type 1 diabetes, by fooling the immune system." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/08/250802022917.htm (accessed August 2, 2025).

La inflamación silenciosa o de bajo grado es uno de los procesos más estudiados de los últimos años, y se ha convertido en la base común de muchas patologías modernas: desde la resistencia a la insulina, el hígado graso o las enfermedades cardiovasculares, hasta trastornos del ánimo, alteraciones digestivas o incluso ciertos tipos de cáncer. En este episodio te explico qué es exactamente esta inflamación crónica, qué la causa y por qué puede pasar desapercibida durante años. Hablaremos del papel del estrés, el sueño, la microbiota, la alimentación y el sedentarismo, y de cómo pequeños cambios en tu estilo de vida pueden reducir los marcadores inflamatorios y mejorar tu salud a largo plazo. Una guía completa para entender qué significa realmente “comer y vivir de forma antiinflamatoria” y por qué este enfoque puede marcar la diferencia entre tener energía o arrastrar cansancio constante, entre salud y enfermedad.

Daniel Månsson is a clinical psychologist and co-founder of Flow Neuroscience, a medical device comapny which produces transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) headsets for depression. Today we discuss: What may be happening neurologically in certain cases of depressionDifferent research studies that have looked into the effectiveness of TDCS treatment for depressionThe ethical challenges of studying, producing and selling medical devicesHow these devices may complement psychological treatments like psychotherapy Studies mentioned:Transcranial direct current stimulation as an additional treatment to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adults with major depressive disorder in Germany (DepressionDC): a triple-blind, randomised, sham-controlled, multicentre trial - The Lancet - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)00640-2/abstractHome-based transcranial direct current stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder: a fully remote phase 2 randomized sham-controlled trial | Nature Medicine -  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03305-yHome-Use Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of a Major Depressive Episode: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Depressive Disorders | JAMA Psychiatry | JAMA Network https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2813623Northamptonshire NHS study:https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=131358--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Interviewed by Dr. Alex Curmi with Dr. Anya Borissova. Dr. Alex is a consultant psychiatrist and a UKCP registered psychotherapist in-training. Dr. Anya is a academic registrar psychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley trust. If you would like to invite Alex to speak at your organisation please email alexcurmitherapy@gmail.com with "Speaking Enquiry" in the subject line.Alex is not currently taking on new psychotherapy clients, if you are interested in working with Alex for focused behaviour change coaching , you can email - alexcurmitherapy@gmail.com with "Coaching" in the subject line.Check out The Thinking Mind Blog on Substack: https://substack.com/home/post/p-174371597Give feedback here - thinkingmindpodcast@gmail.com Follow us here: Twitter @thinkingmindpod Instagram @thinkingmindpodcast

On today's episode we discuss the latest hot topic in the fitness industry - weight loss drug, Retatrutide. What are the benefits? Are there potential side effects? What does this mean for bikini competitors in prep, dieting hard for a show? Follow us on IG @preplifepodcast @glamgirlbikini @amyehinger @leemarie183 Watch on YouTube: Glam Girl Bikini   Join the team: https://www.glamgirlbi...   1st Phorm Supplements we use: https://1stphorm.com/?... Key references • Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity. N Engl J Med / related publications (phase-2 reports). • Sanyal AJ, et al. Retatrutide and liver fat/liver outcomes. Nature Medicine 2024. • Wilding JPH, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP). N Engl J Med 2021. • Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for obesity (SURMOUNT) and related reports. PubMed/NEJM/SURMOUNT analyses. • Conceição-Furber E, et al. Is glucagon receptor activation the thermogenic solution? Frontiers in Endocrinology, review of GCGR and energy expenditure mechanisms. • Frampton J, et al. The acute effect of glucagon on components of energy expenditure. Int J Obes / Nature Metabolism meta-

Send comments and feedbackSomatic genetic epilepsies arise from mutations that occur early in fetal development. They are usually only detectable by genetic sequencing of tissue. For these epilepsies, the timing of the mutation is key: For example, research has shown that focal cortical dysplasia type IIB and hemimegaloencephaly are genetically the same disease, but arise from somatic mutations at different developmental time points. This relatively new area of research is discussed by Dr. Alina Ivaniuk and Dr. Christian Bosselmann.Resources:Analysis of 1,386 epileptogenic brain lesions reveals association with DYRK1A and EGFR (Nature Communications 2024 - C. Bosselmann et al.)Neocortical development and epilepsy: Insights from focal cortical dysplasia and brain tumours (The Lancet Neurology 2021 - I. Blumcke et al.)Contribution of somatic Ras/Raf/Mitogen-activated protein kinase variants in the hippocampus in drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (JAMA Neurology 2023 - S. Khoshkhoo et al.)Somatic mosaicism and neurodevelopmental disease (Nature Neuroscience 2018 - AM D'Gama and CA Walsh)BRAF somatic mutation contributes to intrinsic epileptogenicity in pediatric brain tumors (Nature Medicine 2018 - HY Koh et al.)SLC35A2 loss-of-function variants affect glycomic signatures, neuronal fate and network dynamics (Brain 2025 - D Lai et al.)Precise detection of low-level somatic mutation in resected epilepsy brain tissue (Acta Neuropathologica 2019 - NS Sim et al.)Toward a better definition of focal cortical dysplasia: An iterative histopathological and genetic agreement trial (Epilepsia 2021 - I Blumcke et al.)Seizure outcome and use of antiepileptic drugs after epilepsy surgery according to histopathological diagnosis: A retrospective multicentre cohort study (The Lancet Neurology 2020 - HJ Lamberink et al.) Sharp Waves episodes are meant for informational purposes only, and not as clinical or medical advice.Let us know how we're doing: podcast@ilae.org.The International League Against Epilepsy is the world's preeminent association of health professionals and scientists, working toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy. Visit us on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.

Microplastics are a growing concern in the field of environmental health, but their impact on the brain is only beginning to be understood. Joining the podcast to share the latest research on these tiny particles, which have been found in the brain and other parts of the body, is Dr. Matthew Campen, a leading researcher in the field whose work is helping to uncover how environmental exposures like the accumulation of microplastics could affect neurological health, dementia risk and more. Guest: Matthew Campen, PhD, MSPH, director, New Mexico Center for Metals in Biology and Medicine, director, University of New Mexico Clinical and Translational Sciences Center KL2 Mentored Career Development Program, deputy director, Training Core director, UNM Metal Exposure and Toxicity Assessment on Tribal Lands in the Southwest (UNM METALS) Superfund Research Program Center, professor, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Show Notes Learn more about Dr. Campen and his research at his profile on the University of New Mexico website.  Read Dr. Campen's article, “Bioaccumulation of microplastics in decedent human brains,” published by Nature Medicine on Nature's website. Read “Nanoplastic concentrations across the North Atlantic,” the research article Dr. Campen mentioned at 23:08, on Nature's website. Read “The Story You've Been Told About Recycling is a Lie,” the opinion piece Dr. Campen mentioned at 25:40, on The New York Times website. Connect with us Find transcripts and more at our website. Email Dementia Matters: dementiamatters@medicine.wisc.edu Follow us on Facebook and Twitter. Subscribe to the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center's e-newsletter. Enjoy Dementia Matters? Consider making a gift to the Dementia Matters fund through the UW Initiative to End Alzheimer's. All donations go toward outreach and production.

Microplastics aren't just an environmental problem; they're a hidden human health crisis. In this eye-opening episode of the Starrcast Podcast, host Lisa Starr speaks with Dr. Gerry Bodeker (Oxford public health researcher and Global Wellness Institute leader) and Trent Munday (Senior Vice President International, Mandara Spa) about the alarming presence of microplastics in our air, food, water, and even our brains. Discover how these invisible particles impact mental wellness, what new science reveals about Alzheimer's and inflammation, and how AI-powered tools are helping track and fight this global threat.   What You'll Learn: The hidden pathways of exposure – How microplastics enter the body through air, water, food, and everyday objects like car tires and kitchen utensils. The brain connection – Groundbreaking research linking microplastic accumulation to Alzheimer's disease and neurological decline. Practical defenses – Simple actions to reduce personal exposure, from boiling water to replacing common household items. Global policy & wellness implications – Why the UN Plastics Treaty failed to cap production and how wellness leaders can drive health-focused advocacy. AI for public health – How the new Microplastics Watch Initiative and AI tools are transforming massive data streams into actionable insights. Episode Highlights: 03:15 – A shocking Nature Medicine study finds 10x more plastic in Alzheimer's brains 12:40 – The surprising top source of airborne microplastics: car tires 21:05 – Why boiling water can reduce microplastics by up to 90% 29:18 – Everyday habits that accelerate microplastic ingestion and absorption 38:52 – Inside the UN Plastics Treaty debate: capping production vs. recycling 47:36 – The birth of the Microplastics Watch Initiative and AI-powered research tools 56:10 – Wellness action steps: from spa operations to personal lifestyle choices   Meet the Guests: Dr. Gerry Bodeker is a public health researcher with two decades at Oxford University, adjunct professor at Columbia, and co-chair of the Global Wellness Institute's Mental Wellness Initiative. Trent Munday is Senior Vice President International for Mandara Spa and co-founder of the Microplastics Watch Initiative, leveraging AI to track global microplastics research.   Tools, Frameworks, or Strategies Mentioned: Microplastics Watch Initiative – A Global Wellness Institute project aggregating daily research and news. Lucient AI Suite – Trent's custom-built AI toolkit for creating a dynamic, continuously updated white paper. Boiling + Metal Filtration Method – A simple household practice that removes up to 95% of microplastics from drinking water.   Closing Insight: “Microplastics are not just polluting our oceans, they're infiltrating our brains and bodies. Measurement, awareness, and collective action are the next frontier in wellness.” – Dr. Gerry Bodeker   Looking for expert advice in Spa Consulting, with live training and online learning? Spa Consulting wynnebusiness.com/spa-management-consulting Live Training wynnebusiness.com/live-education Online Learning wynnebusiness.com/spa-management-courses Other Links: Contact Dr. Gerry Bodeker: https://my.linkedin.com/in/gerrybodeker Contact Trent Munday: https://my.linkedin.com/in/trentmunday Follow Lisa on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lisastarrwynnebusiness, Listen on Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/at/podcast/starrcast/id1565223226 Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/00tW92ruuwangYoLxR9WDd Watch the StarrCast on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@wynnebusiness Join us on Facebook: facebook.com/wynnebusiness/?ref=bookmarks Join us on Instagram: instagram.com/wynnebusiness

Recently a new trial was published in Nature Medicine comparing the effect of ultra-processed versus minimally processed diets. Specifically, the UPDATE trial compared these two diets in the context of a healthy dietary pattern (in line with the UK's EatWell Guide). This eight-week randomized, crossover trial generated a lot of discussion and was largely seen as being a really useful addition to the evidence base, and providing answers to some previously unexamined questions. In this episode the study's lead author, Dr. Samuel Dicken, explains the background context for the UPDATE trial, provides an insight into its execution, and puts some of the results in context. There is also a discussion about the current state of evidence more broadly and the leading hypotheses around the mechanisms that drive the observations seen with consuming ultra-processed foods. This episode is particularly noteworthy because it provides fresh evidence on an important question: does following dietary guidelines with minimally processed foods confer extra benefits over following the same guidelines with ultra-processed foods? Timestamps [02:48] Interview with Dr. Samuel Dicken [03:08] Background and research interests of Dr. Samuel Dicken [04:31] Details of the update trial [09:48] Trial design and methodology [15:45] Results and findings of the update trial [18:46] Secondary outcomes and craving control [25:43] Hypotheses and mechanisms behind UPF effects [40:28] Policy implications and future research directions Related Resources Subscribe to Sigma Nutrition Premium Go to episode page Join the Sigma email newsletter for free Enroll in the next cohort of our Applied Nutrition Literacy course Study: Dicken et al., 2025 – Ultraprocessed or minimally processed diets following healthy dietary guidelines on weight and cardiometabolic health: a randomized, crossover trial LinkedIn: Samuel Dicken X: @SamuelDickenUK

Welcome to the Olink® Proteomics in Proximity podcast!  Below are some useful resources mentioned in this episode:  Olink tools and software·       Olink® Explore HT, Olink's most advanced solution for high-throughput biomarker discovery, measuring 5400+ proteins simultaneously with a streamlined workflow and industry-leading specificity: https://olink.com/products-services/exploreht/  UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP), one of the world's largest scientific studies of blood protein biomarkers conducted to date, https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/learn-more-about-uk-biobank/news/uk-biobank-launches-one-of-the-largest-scientific-studies  World Health Organization (2003). Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action (PDF). Geneva: World Health Organisation. ISBN 978-92-4-154599-0 Research articles and news·       Thermo Fisher Scientific's Olink Platform Selected for World's Largest Human Proteome Studyhttps://ir.thermofisher.com/investors/news-events/news/news-details/2025/Thermo-Fisher-Scientifics-Olink-Platform-Selected-for-Worlds-Largest-Human-Proteome-Study/default.aspx·       Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh et al 2025. Plasma proteomics links brain and immune system aging with healthspan and longevityhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-03798-1. Nature Medicine (2025)·       Song, Y., Abuduaini, B., Yang, X. et al. Identification of inflammatory protein biomarkers for predicting the different subtype of adult with tuberculosis: an Olink proteomic study. Inflamm. Res. 74, 60 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-025-02020-9·       Ferhan Qureshi et al 2023. Analytical validation of a multi-protein, serum-based assay for disease activity assessments in multiple sclerosis. Proteomics clinical application 2023·       Dhindsa, R.S., Burren, O.S., Sun, B.B. et al. Rare variant associations with plasma protein levels in the UK Biobank. 2023 Nature, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06547-xhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06547-x·       Sun, B.B., Chiou, J., Traylor, M. et al.  Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank. 2023 Nature, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06592-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06592-6 https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac495/6676779·       Eldjarn GH, et al. Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations. Nature. 2023 Oct;622(7982):348-358. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06563-xhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06563-x#Sec44·        Carrasco-Zanini et al 2024 Proteomic prediction of common and rare diseases. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03142-z . NatureMedicine volume 30,  pages2489–2498 (2024)·       Watanabe K, Wilmanski T, Diener C, et al. Multiomic signatures of body mass index identify heterogeneous health phenotypes and responses to a lifestyle intervention.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02248-0·       Petrera A, von Toerne C, Behlr J, et al. Multiplatform Approach for Plasma Proteomics: Complementarity of Olink Proximity Extension Assay Technology to Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Profiling. (2020) Journal of Proteome Research, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00641·       Multicenter Collaborative Study to Optimize Mass Spectrometry Workflows of Clinical Specimens. Kardell O, von Toerne C, Merl-Pham J, König AC, Blindert M, Barth TK, Mergner J, Ludwig C, Tüshaus J, Eckert S, Müller SA, Breimann S, Giesbertz P, Bernhardt AM, Schweizer L, Albrecht V, Teupser D, Imhof A, Kuster B, Lichtenthaler SF, Mann M, Cox J, Hauck SM. J Proteome Res. 2024 Jan 5;23(1):117-129. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00473. Epub 2023 Nov 28. PMID: 38015820 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00473·       Wei, S., Shen, R., Lu, X. et al. Integrative multi-omics investigation of sleep apnea: gut microbiome metabolomics, proteomics and phenome-wide association study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 22, 57 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00925-0·       Liu, L., Li, M., Qin, Y. et al. Childhood obesity and insulin resistance is correlated with gut microbiome serum protein: an integrated metagenomic and proteomic analysis. Sci Rep 15, 21436 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07357-z·       Zhang, Xiaotao et al.Modulating a prebiotic food source influences inflammation and immune-regulating gut microbes and metabolites: insights from the BE GONE trial. eBioMedicine, Volume 98, 104873 (2023.).  10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104873·      &nb...

Inflammation is the body's natural way of healing, but when it becomes chronic and hidden, it quietly drives many of today's most common health problems—heart disease, diabetes, dementia, cancer, autoimmune conditions, and more. Unlike the redness and swelling from a cut or sprain, this “silent inflammation” often goes unnoticed while slowly damaging tissues and speeding up aging. Modern life fuels the fire: processed foods, food additives, pollution, plastics, chronic stress, too much sitting, and poor sleep. The good news is inflammation can be calmed by simple daily choices—eating colorful whole foods like berries, leafy greens, beans, nuts, seeds, and omega-3 rich fish; adding herbs and spices like turmeric and cumin; moving regularly; practicing relaxation; and repairing gut health. Even small shifts, like climbing stairs, eating within a shorter window, or reducing sugar, can make a big difference. By lowering inflammation, the body finds balance again, opening the door to more energy, resilience, and healthy aging. In this episode, I discuss, along with Dr. Shilpa Ravella and Dr. David Furman, why it's important to be aware of systemic inflammation and how to address it. Dr. Ravella is a gastroenterologist and Assistant Professor of Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center. She is the author of A Silent Fire: The Story of Inflammation, Diet & Disease, which investigates inflammation—the hidden force at the heart of modern disease. Her writing has appeared in The Atlantic, New York Magazine, The Wall Street Journal, TIME, Slate, Discover, and USA Today, among other publications.  Dr. David Furman is Associate Professor and Director of the Bioinformatics Core at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, as well as the Director of the Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project. He obtained his doctoral degree in immunology from the School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, for his work on cancer immune-surveillance. During his postdoctoral training at the Stanford School of Medicine, Dr. Furman focused on the application of advanced analytics to study the aging of the immune system in humans. He has published nearly thirty scientific articles in top-tier journals such as Cell, Nature Medicine, PNAS, The Lancet, and others.  This episode is brought to you by BIOptimizers. Head to bioptimizers.com/hyman and use code HYMAN to save 15%. Full-length episodes can be found here:What Causes Inflammation And How Can You Treat It? The Silent Killer: Inflammation And Chronic Disease How Silent Inflammation Accelerates Aging

For weight loss, complete avoidance of ultra-processed foods outperforms mere “healthy diet” comprising minimally-processed items; Research fraud undermines anti-dementia drug pipeline; Comprehensive lifestyle modification program scores against cognitive decline; Women's brains especially vulnerable to Omega-3 deficiencies; Bible says “Lame shall walk again” and 21st century science may soon bring about this miracle; Breakthroughs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

【欢迎订阅】每天早上5:30，准时更新。【阅读原文】标题： Scientists Perform First Pig-to-Human Lung TransplantResearchers in China placed a lung from a genetically modified pig into a brain-dead man, with mixed results.正文：Scientists have dreamed for centuries about using animal organs to treat ailing humans. In recent years, those efforts have begun to bear fruit : Researchers have begun transplanting the hearts and kidneys of genetically modified pigs into patients, with varying degrees of success.But lungs are notoriously difficult to transplant, even from human to human, and mortality rates are high. Now, in the first procedure of its kind, Chinese scientists on Monday reported transplanting a lung from a pig into a brain-dead man. The organ sustained damage after it was transplanted but functioned to some degree, scientists at Guangzhou Medical University reported in the journal Nature Medicine. The organ was removed after nine days.知识点： bear fruit /beə fruːt/，phr. v.produce fruit; lead to successful results or outcomes.（结果实；产生成果，奏效）• The apple tree we planted three years ago finally began to bear fruit this spring.（我们三年前种的那棵苹果树，今年春天终于开始结果了。）• All their hard work in developing the new product started to bear fruit when it became popular.（他们研发新产品的所有努力开始奏效，这款产品逐渐走红。）获取外刊的完整原文以及精讲笔记，请关注微信公众号「早安英文」，回复“外刊”即可。更多有意思的英语干货等着你！【节目介绍】《早安英文-每日外刊精读》，带你精读最新外刊，了解国际最热事件：分析语法结构，拆解长难句，最接地气的翻译，还有重点词汇讲解。所有选题均来自于《经济学人》《纽约时报》《华尔街日报》《华盛顿邮报》《大西洋月刊》《科学杂志》《国家地理》等国际一线外刊。【适合谁听】1、关注时事热点新闻，想要学习最新最潮流英文表达的英文学习者2、任何想通过地道英文提高听、说、读、写能力的英文学习者3、想快速掌握表达，有出国学习和旅游计划的英语爱好者4、参加各类英语考试的应试者（如大学英语四六级、托福雅思、考研等）【你将获得】1、超过1000篇外刊精读课程，拓展丰富语言表达和文化背景2、逐词、逐句精确讲解，系统掌握英语词汇、听力、阅读和语法3、每期内附学习笔记，包含全文注释、长难句解析、疑难语法点等，帮助扫除阅读障碍。

Lots of talk these days about ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Along with confusion about what in the heck they are or what they're not, how bad they are for us, and what ought to be done about them. A landmark in the discussion of ultra-processed foods has been the publication of a book entitled Ultra-processed People, Why We Can't Stop Eating Food That Isn't Food. The author of that book, Dr. Chris van Tulleken, joins us today. Dr. van Tulleken is a physician and is professor of Infection and Global Health at University College London. He also has a PhD in molecular virology and is an award-winning broadcaster on the BBC. His book on Ultra-processed People is a bestseller. Interview Summary Chris, sometimes somebody comes along that takes a complicated topic and makes it accessible and understandable and brings it to lots of people. You're a very fine scientist and scholar and academic, but you also have that ability to communicate effectively with lots of people, which I very much admire. So, thanks for doing that, and thank you for joining us. Oh, Kelly, it's such a pleasure. You know, I begin some of my talks now with a clipping from the New York Times. And it's a picture of you and an interview you gave in 1995. So exactly three decades ago. And in this article, you just beautifully communicate everything that 30 years later I'm still saying. So, yeah. I wonder if communication, it's necessary, but insufficient. I think we are needing to think of other means to bring about change. I totally agree. Well, thank you by the way. And I hope I've learned something over those 30 years. Tell us, please, what are ultra-processed foods? People hear the term a lot, but I don't think a lot of people know exactly what it means. The most important thing to know, I think, is that it's not a casual term. It's not like 'junk food' or 'fast food.' It is a formal scientific definition. It's been used in hundreds of research studies. The definition is very long. It's 11 paragraphs long. And I would urge anyone who's really interested in this topic, go to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization website. You can type in NFAO Ultra and you'll get the full 11 paragraph definition. It's an incredibly sophisticated piece of science. But it boils down to if you as a consumer, someone listening to this podcast, want to know if the thing you are eating right now is ultra-processed, look at the ingredients list. If there are ingredients on that list that you do not normally find in a domestic kitchen like an emulsifier, a coloring, a flavoring, a non-nutritive sweetener, then that product will be ultra-processed. And it's a way of describing this huge range of foods that kind of has taken over the American and the British and in fact diets all over the world. How come the food companies put this stuff in the foods? And the reason I ask is in talks I give I'll show an ingredient list from a food that most people would recognize. And ask people if they can guess what the food is from the ingredient list. And almost nobody can. There are 35 things on the ingredient list. Sugar is in there, four different forms. And then there are all kinds of things that are hard to pronounce. There are lots of strange things in there. They get in there through loopholes and government regulation. Why are they there in the first place? So, when I started looking at this I also noticed this long list of fancy sounding ingredients. And even things like peanut butter will have palm oil and emulsifiers. Cream cheese will have xanthum gum and emulsifiers. And you think, well, wouldn't it just be cheaper to make your peanut butter out of peanuts. In fact, every ingredient is in there to make money in one of two ways. Either it drives down the cost of production or storage. If you imagine using a real strawberry in your strawberry ice cream. Strawberries are expensive. They're not always in season. They rot. You've got to have a whole supply chain. Why would you use a strawberry if you could use ethyl methylphenylglycidate and pink dye and it'll taste the same. It'll look great. You could then put in a little chunky bit of modified corn starch that'll be chewy if you get it in the right gel mix. And there you go. You've got strawberries and you haven't had to deal with strawberry farmers or any supply chain. It's just you just buy bags and bottles of white powder and liquids. The other way is to extend the shelf life. Strawberries as I say, or fresh food, real food - food we might call it rots on shelves. It decays very quickly. If you can store something at room temperature in a warehouse for months and months, that saves enormous amounts of money. So, one thing is production, but the other thing is the additives allow us to consume to excess or encourage us to consume ultra-processed food to excess. So, I interviewed a scientist who was a food industry development scientist. And they said, you know, most ultra-processed food would be gray if it wasn't dyed, for example. So, if you want to make cheap food using these pastes and powders, unless you dye it and you flavor it, it will be inedible. But if you dye it and flavor it and add just the right amount of salt, sugar, flavor enhancers, then you can make these very addictive products. So that's the logic of UPF. Its purpose is to make money. And that's part of the definition. Right. So, a consumer might decide that there's, you know, beneficial trade-off for them at the end of the day. That they get things that have long shelf life. The price goes down because of the companies don't have to deal with the strawberry farmers and things like that. But if there's harm coming in waves from these things, then it changes the equation. And you found out some of that on your own. So as an experiment you did with a single person - you, you ate ultra-processed foods for a month. What did you eat and how did it affect your body, your mood, your sleep? What happened when you did this? So, what's really exciting, actually Kelly, is while it was an n=1, you know, one participant experiment, I was actually the pilot participant in a much larger study that we have published in Nature Medicine. One of the most reputable and high impact scientific journals there is. So, I was the first participant in a randomized control trial. I allowed us to gather the data about what we would then measure in a much larger number. Now we'll come back and talk about that study, which I think was really important. It was great to see it published. So, I was a bit skeptical. Partly it was with my research team at UCL, but we were also filming it for a BBC documentary. And I went into this going I'm going to eat a diet of 80% of my calories will come from ultra-processed food for four weeks. And this is a normal diet. A lifelong diet for a British teenager. We know around 20% of people in the UK and the US eat this as their normal food. They get 80% of their calories from ultra-processed products. I thought, well, nothing is going to happen to me, a middle-aged man, doing this for four weeks. But anyway, we did it kind of as a bit of fun. And we thought, well, if nothing happens, we don't have to do a bigger study. We can just publish this as a case report, and we'll leave it out of the documentary. Three big things happened. I gained a massive amount of weight, so six kilos. And I wasn't force feeding myself. I was just eating when I wanted. In American terms, that's about 15 pounds in four weeks. And that's very consistent with the other published trials that have been done on ultra-processed food. There have been two other RCTs (randomized control trials); ours is the third. There is one in Japan, one done at the NIH. So, people gain a lot of weight. I ate massively more calories. So much so that if I'd continued on the diet, I would've almost doubled my body weight in a year. And that may sound absurd, but I have an identical twin brother who did this natural experiment. He went to Harvard for a year. He did his masters there. During his year at Harvard he gained, let's see, 26 kilos, so almost 60 pounds just living in Cambridge, Massachusetts. But how did you decide how much of it to eat? Did you eat until you just kind of felt naturally full? I did what most people do most of the time, which is I just ate what I wanted when I felt like it. Which actually for me as a physician, I probably took the breaks off a bit because I don't normally have cocoa pops for breakfast. But I ate cocoa pops and if I felt like two bowls, I'd have two bowls. It turned out what I felt like a lot of mornings was four bowls and that was fine. I was barely full. So, I wasn't force feeding myself. It wasn't 'supersize' me. I was eating to appetite, which is how these experiments run. And then what we've done in the trials. So, I gained weight, then we measured my hormone response to a meal. When you eat, I mean, it's absurd to explain this to YOU. But when you eat, you have fullness hormones that go up and hunger hormones that go down, so you feel full and less hungry. And we measured my response to a standard meal at the beginning and at the end of this four-week diet. What we found is that I had a normal response to eating a big meal at the beginning of the diet. At the end of eating ultra-processed foods, the same meal caused a very blunted rise in the satiety hormones. In the 'fullness' hormones. So, I didn't feel as full. And my hunger hormones remained high. And so, the food is altering our response to all meals, not merely within the meal that we're eating. Then we did some MRI scans and again, I thought this would be a huge waste of time. But we saw at four weeks, and then again eight weeks later, very robust changes in the communication between the habit-forming bits at the back of the brain. So, the automatic behavior bits, the cerebellum. Very conscious I'm talking to YOU about this, Kelly. And the kind of addiction reward bits in the middle. Now these changes were physiological, not structural. They're about the two bits of the brain talking to each other. There's not really a new wire going between them. But we think if this kind of communication is happening a lot, that maybe a new pathway would form. And I think no one, I mean we did this with very expert neuroscientists at our National Center for Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, no one really knows what it means. But the general feeling was these are the kind of changes we might expect if we'd given someone, or a person or an animal, an addictive substance for four weeks. They're consistent with, you know, habit formation and addiction. And the fact that they happened so quickly, and they were so robust - they remained the same eight weeks after I stopped the diet, I think is really worrying from a kid's perspective. So, in a period of four weeks, it re-altered the way your brain works. It affected the way your hunger and satiety were working. And then you ended up with this massive weight. And heaven knows what sort of cardiovascular effects or other things like that might have been going on or had the early signs of that over time could have been really pretty severe, I imagine. I think one of the main effects was that I became very empathetic with my patients. Because we did actually a lot of, sort of, psychological testing as well. And there's an experience where, obviously in clinic, I mainly treat patients with infections. But many of my patients are living with other, sort of, disorders of modern life. They live with excess weight and cardiovascular disease and type two diabetes and metabolic problems and so on. And I felt in four weeks like I'd gone from being in my early 30, early 40s at the time, I felt like I'd just gone to my early 50s or 60s. I ached. I felt terrible. My sleep was bad. And it was like, oh! So many of the problems of modern life: waking up to pee in the middle of the night is because you've eaten so much sodium with your dinner. You've drunk all this water, and then you're trying to get rid of it all night. Then you're constipated. It's a low fiber diet, so you develop piles. Pain in your bum. The sleep deprivation then makes you eat more. And so, you get in this vicious cycle where the problem didn't feel like the food until I stopped and I went cold turkey. I virtually have not touched it since. It cured me of wanting UPF. That was the other amazing bit of the experience that I write about in the book is it eating it and understanding it made me not want it. It was like being told to smoke. You know, you get caught smoking as a kid and your parents are like, hey, now you finish the pack. It was that. It was an aversion experience. So, it gave me a lot of empathy with my patients that many of those kinds of things we regard as being normal aging, those symptoms are often to do with the way we are living our lives. Chris, I've talked to a lot of people about ultra-processed foods. You're the first one who's mentioned pain in the bum as one of the problems, so thank you. When I first became a physician, I trained as a surgeon, and I did a year doing colorectal surgery. So, I have a wealth of experience of where a low fiber diet leaves you. And many people listening to this podcast, I mean, look, we're all going to get piles. Everyone gets these, you know, anal fishes and so on. And bum pain it's funny to talk about it. No, not the... it destroys people's lives, so, you know, anyway. Right. I didn't want to make light of it. No, no. Okay. So, your own experiment would suggest that these foods are really bad actors and having this broad range of highly negative effects. But what does research say about these things beyond your own personal experience, including your own research? So, the food industry has been very skillful at portraying this as a kind of fad issue. As ultra-processed food is this sort of niche thing. Or it's a snobby thing. It's not a real classification. I want to be absolutely clear. UPF, the definition is used by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization to monitor global diet quality, okay? It's a legitimate way of thinking about food. The last time I looked, there are more than 30 meta-analyses - that is reviews of big studies. And the kind of high-quality studies that we use to say cigarettes cause lung cancer. So, we've got this what we call epidemiological evidence, population data. We now have probably more than a hundred of these prospective cohort studies. And they're really powerful tools. They need to be used in conjunction with other evidence, but they now link ultra-processed food to this very wide range of what we euphemistically call negative health outcomes. You know, problems that cause human suffering, mental health problems, anxiety, depression, multiple forms of cancer, inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and dementia. Of course, weight gain and obesity. And all cause mortality so you die earlier of all causes. And there are others too. So, the epidemiological evidence is strong and that's very plausible. So, we take that epidemiological evidence, as you well know, and we go, well look, association and causation are different things. You know, do matches cause cancer or does cigarettes cause cancer? Because people who buy lots of matches are also getting the lung cancer. And obviously epidemiologists are very sophisticated at teasing all this out. But we look at it in the context then of other evidence. My group published the third randomized control trial where we put a group of people, in a very controlled way, on a diet of either minimally processed food or ultra-processed food and looked at health outcomes. And we found what the other two trials did. We looked at weight gain as a primary outcome. It was a short trial, eight weeks. And we saw people just eat more calories on the ultra-processed food. This is food that is engineered to be consumed to excess. That's its purpose. So maybe to really understand the effect of it, you have to imagine if you are a food development engineer working in product design at a big food company - if you develop a food that's cheap to make and people will just eat loads of it and enjoy it, and then come back for it again and again and again, and eat it every day and almost become addicted to it, you are going to get promoted. That product is going to do well on the shelves. If you invent a food that's not addictive, it's very healthy, it's very satisfying, people eat it and then they're done for the day. And they don't consume it to excess. You are not going to keep your job. So that's a really important way of understanding the development process of the foods. So let me ask a question about industry and intent. Because one could say that the industry engineers these things to have long shelf life and nice physical properties and the right colors and things like this. And these effects on metabolism and appetite and stuff are unpleasant and difficult side effects, but the foods weren't made to produce those things. They weren't made to produce over consumption and then in turn produce those negative consequences. You're saying something different. That you think that they're intentionally designed to promote over consumption. And in some ways, how could the industry do otherwise? I mean, every industry in the world wants people to over consume or consume as much of their product as they can. The food industry is no different. That is exactly right. The food industry behaves like every other corporation. In my view, they commit evil acts sometimes, but they're not institutionally evil. And I have dear friends who work in big food, who work in big pharma. I have friends who work in tobacco. These are not evil people. They're constrained by commercial incentives, right? So, when I say I think the food is engineered, I don't think it. I know it because I've gone and interviewed loads of people in product development at big food companies. I put some of these interviewees in a BBC documentary called Irresistible. So rather than me in the documentary going, oh, ultra-processed food is bad. And everyone going, well, you are, you're a public health bore. I just got industry insiders to say, yes, this is how we make the food. And going back to Howard Moskovitz, in the 1970s, I think he was working for the Campbell Soup Company. And Howard, who was a psychologist by training, outlined the development process. And what he said was then underlined by many other people I've spoken to. You develop two different products. This one's a little bit saltier than the next, and you test them on a bunch of people. People like the saltier ones. So now you keep the saltier one and you develop a third product and this one's got a bit more sugar in it. And if this one does better, well you keep this one and you keep AB testing until you get people buying and eating lots. And one of the crucial things that food companies measure in product development is how fast do people eat and how quickly do they eat. And these kind of development tools were pioneered by the tobacco industry. I mean, Laura Schmidt has done a huge amount of the work on this. She's at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in California. And we know the tobacco industry bought the food industry and for a while in the '80s and '90s, the biggest food companies in the world were also the biggest tobacco companies in the world. And they used their flavor molecules and their marketing techniques and their distribution systems. You know, they've got a set of convenience tools selling cigarettes all over the country. Well, why don't we sell long shelf-life food marketed in the same way? And one thing that the tobacco industry was extremely good at was figuring out how to get the most rapid delivery of the drug possible into the human body when people smoke. Do you think that some of that same thing is true for food, rapid delivery of sugar, let's say? How close does the drug parallel fit, do you think? So, that's part of the reason the speed of consumption is important. Now, I think Ashley Gearhardt has done some of the most incredible work on this. And what Ashley says is we think of addictive drugs as like it's the molecule that's addictive. It's nicotine, it's caffeine, cocaine, diamorphine, heroin, the amphetamines. What we get addicted to is the molecule. And that Ashley says no. The processing of that molecule is crucially important. If you have slow-release nicotine in a chewing gum, that can actually treat your nicotine addiction. It's not very addictive. Slow-release amphetamine we use to treat children with attention and behavioral problems. Slow-release cocaine is an anesthetic. You use it for dentistry. No one ever gets addicted to dental anesthetics. And the food is the same. The rewarding molecules in the food we think are mainly the fat and the sugar. And food that requires a lot of chewing and is slow eaten slowly, you don't deliver the reward as quickly. And it tends not to be very addictive. Very soft foods or liquid foods with particular fat sugar ratios, if you deliver the nutrients into the gut fast, that seems to be really important for driving excessive consumption. And I think the growing evidence around addiction is very persuasive. I mean, my patients report feeling addicted to the food. And I don't feel it's legitimate to question their experience. Chris, a little interesting story about that concept of food and addiction. So going back several decades I was a professor at Yale, and I was teaching a graduate course. Ashley Gerhardt was a student in that course. And, she was there to study addiction, not in the context of food, but I brought up the issue of, you know, could food be addictive? There's some interesting research on this. It's consistent with what we're hearing from people, and that seems a really interesting topic. And Ashley, I give her credit, took this on as her life's work and now she's like the leading expert in the world on this very important topic. And what's nice for me to recall that story is that how fast the science on this is developed. And now something's coming out on this almost every day. It's some new research on the neuroscience of food and addiction and how the food is hijacking in the brain. And that whole concept of addiction seems really important in this context. And I know you've talked a lot about that yourself. She has reframed, I think, this idea about the way that addictive substances and behaviors really work. I mean it turns everything on its head to go the processing is important. The thing the food companies have always been able to say is, look, you can't say food is addictive. It doesn't contain any addictive molecules. And with Ashley's work you go, no, but the thing is it contains rewarding molecules and actually the spectrum of molecules that we can find rewarding and we can deliver fast is much, much broader than the traditionally addictive substances. For policy, it's vital because part of regulating the tobacco industry was about showing they know they are making addictive products. And I think this is where Ashley's work and Laura Schmidt's work are coming together. With Laura's digging in the tobacco archive, Ashley's doing the science on addiction, and I think these two things are going to come together. And I think it's just going to be a really exciting space to watch. I completely agree. You know when most people think about the word addiction, they basically kind of default to thinking about how much you want something. How much, you know, you desire something. But there are other parts of it that are really relevant here too. I mean one is how do you feel if you don't have it and sort of classic withdrawal. And people talk about, for example, being on high sugar drinks and stopping them and having withdrawal symptoms and things like that. And the other part of it that I think is really interesting here is tolerance. You know whether you need more of the substance over time in order to get the same reward benefit. And that hasn't been studied as much as the other part of addiction. But there's a lot to the picture other than just kind of craving things. And I would say that the thing I like about this is it chimes with my. Personal experience, which is, I have tried alcohol and cigarettes and I should probably end that list there. But I've never had any real desire for more of them. They aren't the things that tickle my brain. Whereas the food is a thing that I continue to struggle with. I would say in some senses, although I no longer like ultra-processed food at some level, I still want it. And I think of myself to some degree, without trivializing anyone's experience, to some degree I think I'm in sort of recovery from it. And it remains that tussle. I mean I don't know what you think about the difference between the kind of wanting and liking of different substances. Some scientists think those two things are quite, quite different. That you can like things you don't want, and you can want things you don't like. Well, that's exactly right. In the context of food and traditional substances of abuse, for many of them, people start consuming because they produce some sort of desired effect. But that pretty quickly goes away, and people then need the substance because if they don't have it, they feel terrible. So, you know, morphine or heroin or something like that always produces positive effects. But that initial part of the equation where you just take it because you like it turns into this needing it and having to have it. And whether that same thing exists with food is an interesting topic. I think the other really important part of the addiction argument in policy terms is that one counterargument by industrial scientists and advocates is by raising awareness around ultra-processed food we are at risk of driving, eating disorders. You know? The phenomenon of orthorexia, food avoidance, anorexia. Because all food is good food. There should be no moral value attached to food and we mustn't drive any food anxiety. And I think there are some really strong voices in the United Kingdom Eating Disorder scientists. People like Agnes Ayton, who are starting to say, look, when food is engineered, using brain scanners and using scientific development techniques to be consumed to excess, is it any wonder that people develop a disordered relationship with the food? And there may be a way of thinking about the rise of eating disorders, which is parallel to the rise of our consumption of ultra-processed food, that eating disorders are a reasonable response to a disordered food environment. And I think that's where I say all that somewhat tentatively. I feel like this is a safe space where you will correct me if I go off piste. But I think it's important to at least explore that question and go, you know, this is food with which it is very hard, I would say, to have a healthy relationship. That's my experience. And I think the early research is bearing that out. Tell us how these foods affect your hunger, how full you feel, your microbiome. That whole sort of interactive set of signals that might put people in harmony with food in a normal environment but gets thrown off when the foods get processed like this. Oh, I love that question. At some level as I'm understanding that question, one way of trying to answer that question is to go, well, what is the normal physiological response to food? Or maybe how do wild animals find, consume, and then interpret metabolically the food that they eat. And it is staggering how little we know about how we learn what food is safe and what food nourishes us. What's very clear is that wild mammals, and in fact all wild animals, are able to maintain near perfect energy balance. Obesity is basically unheard of in the wild. And, perfect nutritional intake, I mean, obviously there are famines in wild animals, but broadly, animals can do this without being literate, without being given packaging, without any nutritional advice at all. So, if you imagine an ungulate, an herbivore on the plains of the Serengeti, it has a huge difficulty. The carnivore turning herbivore into carnivore is fairly easy. They're made of the same stuff. Turning plant material into mammal is really complicated. And somehow the herbivore can do this without gaining weight, whilst maintaining total precision over its selenium intake, its manganese, its cobalt, its iron, all of which are terrible if you have too little and also terrible if you have too much. We understand there's some work done in a few wild animals, goats, and rats about how this works. Clearly, we have an ability to sense the nutrition we want. What we understand much more about is the sort of quantities needed. And so, we've ended up with a system of nutritional advice that says, well, just eat these numbers. And if you can stick to the numbers, 2,500 calories a day, 2300 milligrams of sodium, no more than 5% of your calories from free sugar or 10%, whatever it is, you know, you stick to these numbers, you'll be okay. And also, these many milligrams of cobalt, manganese, selenium, iron, zinc, all the rest of it. And obviously people can't really do that even with the packaging. This is a very long-winded answer. So, there's this system that is exquisitely sensitive at regulating micronutrient and energy intake. And what we understand, what the Academy understands about how ultra-processed food subverts this is, I would say there are sort of three or four big things that ultra-processed does that real food doesn't. It's generally very soft. And it's generally very energy dense. And that is true of even the foods that we think of as being healthy. That's like your supermarket whole grain bread. It's incredibly energy dense. It's incredibly soft. You eat calories very fast, and this research was done in the '90s, you know we've known that that kind of food promotes excessive intake. I guess in simple terms, and you would finesse this, you consume calories before your body has time to go, well, you've eaten enough. You can consume an excess. Then there's the ratios of fat, salt, and sugar and the way you can balance them, and any good cook knows if you can get the acid, fat, salt, sugar ratios right, you can make incredibly delicious food. That's kind of what I would call hyper palatability. And a lot of that work's being done in the states (US) by some incredible people. Then the food may be that because it's low in fiber and low in protein, quite often it's not satiating. And there may be, because it's also low in micronutrients and general nutrition, it may be that, and this is a little bit theoretical, but there's some evidence for this. Part of what drives the excess consumption is you're kind of searching for the nutrients. The nutrients are so dilute that you have to eat loads of it in order to get enough. Do you think, does that, is that how you understand it? It does, it makes perfect sense. In fact, I'm glad you brought up one particular issue because part of the ultra-processing that makes foods difficult for the body to deal with involves what gets put in, but also what gets taken out. And there was a study that got published recently that I think you and I might have discussed earlier on American breakfast cereals. And this study looked at how the formulation of them had changed over a period of about 20 years. And what they found is that the industry had systematically removed the protein and the fiber and then put in more things like sugar. So there, there's both what goes in and what gets taken out of foods that affects the body in this way. You know, what I hear you saying, and what I, you know, believe myself from the science, is the body's pretty capable of handling the food environment if food comes from the natural environment. You know, if you sit down to a meal of baked chicken and some beans and some leafy greens and maybe a little fruit or something, you're not going to overdo it. Over time you'd end up with the right mix of nutrients and things like that and you'd be pretty healthy. But all bets are off when these foods get processed and engineered, so you over consume them. You found that out in the experiment that you did on yourself. And then that's what science shows too. So, it's not like these things are sort of benign. People overeat them and they ought to just push away from the table. There's a lot more going on here in terms of hijacking the brain chemistry. Overriding the body signals. Really thwarting normal biology. Do you think it's important to add that we think of obesity as being the kind of dominant public health problem? That's the thing we all worry about. But the obesity is going hand in hand with stunting, for example. So, height as you reach adulthood in the US, at 19 US adults are something like eight or nine centimeters shorter than their counterparts in Northern Europe, Scandinavia, where people still eat more whole food. And we should come back to that evidence around harms, because I think the really important thing to say around the evidence is it has now reached the threshold for causality. So, we can say a dietary pattern high in ultra-processed food causes all of these negative health outcomes. That doesn't mean that any one product is going to kill you. It just means if this is the way you get your food, it's going to be harmful. And if all the evidence says, I mean, we've known this for decades. If you can cook the kind of meal, you just described at home, which is more or less the way that high income people eat, you are likely to have way better health outcomes across the board. Let me ask you about the title of your book. So, the subtitle of your book is Why We Can't Stop Eating Food That Isn't Food. So, what is it? The ultra-processed definition is something I want to pay credit for. It's really important to pay a bit of credit here. Carlos Montero was the scientist in Brazil who led a team who together came up with this definition. And, I was speaking to Fernanda Rauber who was on that team, and we were trying to discuss some research we were doing. And every time I said food, she'd correct me and go, it is not, it's not food, Chris. It's an industrially produced edible substance. And that was a really helpful thing for me personally, it's something it went into my brain, and I sat down that night. I was actually on the UPF diet, and I sat down to eat some fried chicken wings from a popular chain that many people will know. And was unable to finish them. I think our shared understanding of the purpose of food is surely that its purpose is to nourish us. Whether it's, you know, sold by someone for this purpose, or whether it's made by someone at home. You know it should nourish us spiritually, socially, culturally, and of course physically and mentally. And ultra-processed food nourishes us in no dimension whatsoever. It destroys traditional knowledge, traditional land, food culture. You don't sit down with your family and break, you know, ultra-processed, you know, crisps together. You know, you break bread. To me that's a kind of very obvious distortion of what it's become. So, I don't think it is food. You know, I think it's not too hard of a stretch to see a time when people might consider these things non-food. Because if you think of food, what's edible and whether it's food or not is completely socially constructed. I mean, some parts of the world, people eat cockroaches or ants or other insects. And in other parts of the world that's considered non-food. So just because something's edible doesn't mean that it's food. And I wonder if at some point we might start to think of these things as, oh my God, these are awful. They're really bad for us. The companies are preying on us, and it's just not food. And yeah, totally your book helps push us in that direction. I love your optimism. The consumer facing marketing budget of a big food company is often in excess of $10 billion a year. And depends how you calculate it. I'll give you a quick quiz on this. So, for a while, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation was by far the biggest funder of research in the world on childhood obesity. And they were spending $500 million a year to address this problem. Just by which day of the year the food industry has already spent $500 million just advertising just junk food just to children. Okay, so the Robert V. Wood Foundation is spending it and they were spending that annually. Annually, right. So, what's, by what day of the year is the food industry already spent that amount? Just junk food advertising just to kids. I'm going to say by somewhere in early spring. No. January 4th. I mean, it's hysterical, but it's also horrifying. So, this is the genius of ultra-processed food, of the definition and the science, is that it creates this category which is discretionary. And so at least in theory, of course, for many people in the US it's not discretionary at all. It's the only stuff they can afford. But this is why the food industry hate it so much is because it offers the possibility of going, we can redefine food. And there is all this real food over there. And there is this UPF stuff that isn't food over here. But industry's very sophisticated, you know. I mean, they push back very hard against me in many different ways and forms. And they're very good at going, well, you're a snob. How dare you say that families with low incomes, that they're not eating food. Are you calling them dupes? Are you calling them stupid? You know, they're very, very sophisticated at positioning. Isn't it nice how concerned they are about the wellbeing of people without means? I mean they have created a pricing structure and a food subsidy environment and a tax environment where essentially people with low incomes in your country, in my country, are forced to eat food that harms them. So, one of the tells I think is if you're hearing someone criticize ultra-processed food, and you'll read them in the New York Times. And often their conflicts of interest won't be reported. They may be quite hidden. The clue is, are they demanding to seriously improve the food environment in a very clear way, or are they only criticizing the evidence around ultra-processed food? And if they're only criticizing that evidence? I'll bet you a pound to a pinch of salt they'll be food-industry funded. Let's talk about that. Let's talk about that a little more. So, there's a clear pattern of scientists who take money from industry finding things that favor industry. Otherwise, industry wouldn't pay that money. They're not stupid in the way they invest. And, you and I have talked about this before, but we did a study some years ago where we looked at industry and non-industry funded study on the health effects of consuming sugar sweetened beverages. And it's like the ocean parted. It's one of my favorites. And it was something like 98 or 99% of the independently funded studies found that sugar sweetened beverages do cause harm. And 98 or 99% of the industry funded studies funded by Snapple and Coke and a whole bunch of other companies found that they did not cause harm. It was that stark, was it? It was. And so you and I pay attention to the little print in these scientific studies about who's funded them and who might have conflicts of interest. And maybe you and I and other people who follow science closely might be able to dismiss those conflicted studies. But they have a big impact out there in the world, don't they? I had a meeting in London with someone recently, that they themselves were conflicted and they said, look, if a health study's funded by a big sugary drink company, if it's good science, that's fine. We should publish it and we should take it at face value. And in the discussion with them, I kind of accepted that, we were talking about other things. And afterwards I was like, no. If a study on human health is funded by a sugary drink corporation, in my opinion, we could just tear that up. None of that should be published. No journals should publish those studies and scientists should not really call themselves scientists who are doing it. It is better thought of as marketing and food industry-funded scientists who study human health, in my opinion, are better thought of as really an extension of the marketing division of the companies. You know, it's interesting when you talk to scientists, and you ask them do people who take money from industry is their work influenced by that money? They'll say yes. Yeah, but if you say, but if you take money from industry, will your work be influenced? They'll always say no. Oh yeah. There's this tremendous arrogance, blind spot, whatever it is that. I can remain untarnished. I can remain objective, and I can help change the industry from within. In the meantime, I'm having enough money to buy a house in the mountains, you know, from what they're paying me, and it's really pretty striking. Well, the money is a huge issue. You know, science, modern science it's not a very lucrative career compared to if someone like you went and worked in industry, you would add a zero to the end of your salary, possibly more. And the same is true of me. I think one of the things that adds real heft to the independent science is that the scientists are taking a pay cut to do it. So how do children figure in? Do you think children are being groomed by the industry to eat these foods? A senator, I think in Chile, got in hot water for comparing big food companies to kind of sex offenders. He made, in my view, a fairly legitimate comparison. I mean, the companies are knowingly selling harmful products that have addictive properties using the language of addiction to children who even if they could read warning labels, the warning labels aren't on the packs. So, I mean, we have breakfast cereals called Crave. We have slogans like, once you stop, once you pop, you can't stop. Bet you can't just eat one. Yeah, I think it is predatory and children are the most vulnerable group in our society. And you can't just blame the parents. Once kids get to 10, they have a little bit of money. They get their pocket money, they're walking to school, they walk past stores. You know, you have to rely on them making decisions. And at the moment, they're in a very poor environment to make good decisions. Perhaps the most important question of all what can be done. So, I'm speaking to you at a kind of funny moment because I've been feeling that a lot of my research and advocacy, broadcasting... you know, I've made documentaries, podcasts, I've written a book, I've published these papers. I've been in most of the major newspapers and during the time I've been doing this, you know, a little under 10 years I've been really focused on food. Much less time than you. Everything has got worse. Everything I've done has really failed totally. And I think this is a discussion about power, about unregulated corporate power. And the one glimmer of hope is this complaint that's been filed in Pennsylvania by a big US law firm. It's a very detailed complaint and some lawyers on behalf of a young person called Bryce Martinez are suing the food industry for causing kidney problems and type two diabetes. And I think that in the end is what's going to be needed. Strategic litigation. That's the only thing that worked with tobacco. All of the science, it eventually was useful, but the science on its own and the advocacy and the campaigning and all of it did no good until the lawyers said we would like billions and billions of dollars in compensation please. You know, this is an exciting moment, but there were a great many failed lawsuits for tobacco before the master settlement agreement in the '90s really sort of changed the game. You know, I agree with you. Are you, are you optimistic? I mean, what do you think? I am, and for exactly the same reason you are. You know, the poor people that worked on public health and tobacco labored for decades without anything happening long, long after the health consequences of cigarette smoking were well known. And we've done the same thing. I mean, those us who have been working in the field for all these years have seen precious little in the ways of policy advances. Now tobacco has undergone a complete transformation with high taxes on cigarettes, and marketing restrictions, and non-smoking in public places, laws, and things like that, that really have completely driven down the consumption of cigarettes, which has been a great public health victory. But what made those policies possible was the litigation that occurred by the state attorneys general, less so the private litigating attorneys. But the state attorneys general in the US that had discovery documents released. People began to understand more fully the duplicity of the tobacco companies. That gave cover for the politicians to start passing the policies that ultimately made the big difference. I think that same history is playing out here. The state attorneys general, as we both know, are starting to get interested in this. I say hurray to that. There is the private lawsuit that you mentioned, and there's some others in the mix as well. I think those things will bring a lot of propel the release of internal documents that will show people what the industry has been doing and how much of this they've known all along. And then all of a sudden some of these policy things like taxes, for example, on sugared beverages, might come in and really make a difference. That's my hope. But it makes me optimistic. Well, I'm really pleased to hear that because I think in your position it would be possible. You know, I'm still, two decades behind where I might be in my pessimism. One of the kind of engines of this problem to me is these conflicts of interest where people who say, I'm a physician, I'm a scientist, I believe all this. And they're quietly paid by the food industry. This was the major way the tobacco industry had a kind of social license. They were respectable. And I do hope the lawsuits, one of their functions is it becomes a little bit embarrassing to say my research institute is funded [by a company that keeps making headlines every day because more documents are coming out in court, and they're being sued by more and more people. So, I hope that this will diminish the conflict, particularly between scientists and physicians in the food industry. Because that to me, those are my biggest opponents. The food industry is really nice. They throw money at me. But it's the conflicted scientists that are really hard to argue with because they appear so respectable. Bio Dr. Chris van Tulleken is a physician and a professor of Infection and Global Health at University College London. He trained at Oxford and earned his PhD in molecular virology from University College London. His research focuses on how corporations affect human health especially in the context of child nutrition and he works with UNICEF and The World Health Organization on this area. He is the author of a book entitled Ultraprocessed People: Why We Can't Stop Eating Food That Isn't Food. As one of the BBC's leading broadcasters for children and adults his work has won two BAFTAs. He lives in London with his wife and two children.

Il y a quelques jours, je me suis plongée dans le livre de mon invitée, No More Plastic: comment le plastique ruine notre santé.  Je croyais avoir compris l'enjeu du plastique, sujet que j'avais traité plusieurs fois dans des épisodes de Demain N'attend Pas. Et pourtant… en trois heures de lecture, ma vision a basculé. J'ai levé les yeux du livre, j'ai regardé mon appartement, mes placards… et j'ai pris conscience de l'ampleur des dégâts : nous vivons littéralement dans le plastique.  Ses fonctionnalités extraordinaires (résistance, durabilité, légereté, imperméabilisation, brillance...) en ont fait un matériaux de base pour toutes les industries.  Résultat : le plastique est partout autour de nous. Dans nos bouteilles et nos contenants, dans nos vêtements et nos chaussures, dans nos crèmes, nos vernis et nos shampooings, dans nos produits ménagers, et jusque dans notre nourriture... Partout.  Aujourd'hui, je suis ravie d'accueillir Rosalie Mann, fondatrice de la No More Plastic Foundation, une ONG engagée contre la pollution plastique, et autrice du livre No More Plastic, comment le plastique ruine notre santé publié aux éditions La Plage.Rosalie nous rappelle la réalité des chiffres : 

Newt talks with Dr. Nolan Williams, M.D., Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University and co-author of the Stanford Medicine study, “Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries.” Stanford Medicine researchers have discovered that ibogaine, a plant-based psychoactive drug, combined with magnesium, can safely and effectively reduce PTSD, anxiety, and depression, while improving functioning in veterans with traumatic brain injury. Published in Nature Medicine, the study included detailed data on 30 U.S. Special Forces veterans who underwent supervised ibogaine treatments. One-month post-treatment, participants showed average reductions of 88% in PTSD symptoms, 87% in depression symptoms, and 81% in anxiety symptoms, alongside cognitive improvements. Dr. Williams discusses the potential of ibogaine for neural repair and addiction treatment, highlighting its ability to reestablish critical periods of brain plasticity and unbiased choice in addiction recovery. Despite cardiac risks, mitigated by magnesium, ibogaine offers promising results, with ongoing efforts to gain FDA approval and integrate it into veteran healthcare. The study suggests ibogaine could revolutionize treatment for PTSD, addiction, and traumatic brain injury, offering long-lasting benefits from a single dose.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this groundbreaking episode, Jonathan, Tim, and guest researcher Professor Quirijn de Mast explore a landmark clinical trial conducted in partnership with Tanzanian scientists and community members at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). Published in Nature Medicine, the study investigates what happens when people switch between Western-style eating and a traditional diet from the Kilimanjaro region of Northern Tanzania — rich in fermented foods, legumes, ancient grains, and green vegetables. The results? Rapid, measurable changes to immune function, inflammation, and gut health — with powerful implications for global disease risk.We dive into the science behind millet porridge, fermented banana beer, and the fibre-rich meals that Tanzanian communities have eaten for generations. Quirijn shares insights from his 20-year collaboration with local researchers. This episode explores scientific research on traditional East African diets and inflammation, led by Quirijn in close collaboration with Tanzanian scientists and participants. As Western scientists and hosts, we are aware of the need for humility when discussing cultural traditions not our own, and we approach this conversation with respect and curiosity.

What if your blood pressure — even just a little too high — is quietly damaging your brain? What if it's increasing your risk of a heart attack or stroke, without you ever feeling a thing? In this episode, Professor Tim Spector reveals why blood pressure is one of the most overlooked – and most dangerous – health issues today. He explains why “normal for your age” might not be safe at all, why medication alone isn't the full answer, and how small, daily changes could dramatically reduce your risk of serious disease. Can your gut microbes raise your blood pressure? Can a banana be as powerful as a pill? Is beetroot juice really three times more effective than cutting salt? You'll also learn why 80% of the salt we eat isn't from the shaker, how stress and sleep secretly push your pressure up, and what most doctors still miss when treating hypertension. If you've ever been told your blood pressure's “fine” — or never measured it at all — this episode might change the way you think about your future health.

n this episode of Psychedelics Today, kicking of Psychedelic Science 2025 week in Denver, we sit down with Jonathan Dicksinson, Chief Executive Officer, and Trevor Millar, Chief Operations Officer of Ambio Life Sciences – one of the world's leading ibogaine clinics – to explore the potential of ibogaine for addiction, neuroregeneration, and how ethics, honoring experience, and sustainability will be key to delivering ibogaine at scale.  Trevor shares his early work supporting marginalized populations in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside, which led to the founding of Liberty Root, one of Canada's first ibogaine clinics. Jonathan reflects on his apprenticeship in Mexican clinics, years of international advocacy with the Global Ibogaine Therapy Alliance, and drafting the first set of clinical guidelines for ibogaine detoxification. Together with paramedic and ibogaine safety protocols expert Jose Inzunza, they co-founded Ambio in Tijuana in 2021. They discuss: The unique safety standards Ambio has pioneered – including industry-wide clinical protocols and magnesium therapy to mitigate cardiac risk. Their scale: over 3,000 patients treated, with 100+ clients per month across five dedicated houses in Baja California. Ambio's groundbreaking neuroregenerative program for Parkinson's, MS, and traumatic brain injury – which has already drawn patients like Brett Favre and Clay Walker. How ibogaine appears to drive profound physiological change – including evidence of TBI reversal as shown in Stanford's 2024 study on Special Forces veterans. Why ibogaine isn't just a molecule – it opens a long-lasting “critical period” of neuroplasticity that must be supported with preparation, integration, and holistic care. The deeper story of sourcing: through his company Terragnosis, Jonathan is the only person with a legal export license for Tabernanthe iboga from Gabon, and Ambio is setting a precedent for reciprocal and ethical global supply chains. Their cautionary perspective on Texas' $50M push toward ibogaine clinical trials – and why the traditional “one drug, one indication” model misses the complexity and promise of psychedelic healing. They also make a compelling case that Ambio is already modeling what the future of psychedelic care should look like – not a single drug in a sterile clinical setting, but a comprehensive, integrated protocol combining preparation, medical oversight, and deep integration. “Start with the end in mind,” Trevor urges – Ambio isn't just part of the movement; it's the blueprint for how ibogaine could be delivered worldwide. Links: Ambio Website: https://ambio.life/ Significant lesion reduction and neural structural changes following ibogaine treatments for multiple sclerosis (Frontiers in Immunology, Feb 2025) Magnesium–ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries (Nature Medicine, Jan 2024) Ibogaine reduced severe neuropathic pain associated with a case of brachial plexus nerve root avulsion (Frontiers in Pain Research, Aug 2023) Novel treatment of opioid use disorder using ibogaine and iboga in two adults (Journal of Psychedelic Studies, Jan 2020) Clinical Guidelines for Ibogaine-Assisted Detoxification Ambio Life Sciences Launches World's First Clinical Ibogaine Program for Patients With Neurodegenerative Conditions Bios:  Jonathan Dickinson is the Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of Ambio Life Sciences. One of the world's leading experts on ibogaine, Jonathan brings over 15 years of experience in clinical care, traditional practice, and psychedelic research to his leadership at Ambio. A Mexico-licensed psychologist and former Executive Director of the Global Ibogaine Therapy Alliance, he authored the field's foundational safety guidelines and has published widely on ibogaine's therapeutic, cultural, and ecological significance. He holds the only active export license for Tabernanthe iboga root, led the first Nagoya-compliant export from Gabon, and was initiated into the Dissoumba/Fang tradition of Bwiti in 2014 and the Missoko tradition in 2022. He has co-authored peer-reviewed research on ibogaine's potential for trauma, TBI, pain, MS, and Parkinson's. At Ambio, he leads strategy, research, and innovation – advancing a globally scalable model of care that bridges tradition, science, and integrity. Trevor Millar is the Chief Operating Officer and Co-Founder of Ambio Life Sciences. A social entrepreneur and pioneer in ibogaine advocacy and treatment, Trevor brings over a decade of experience supporting individuals through addiction recovery, trauma healing, and post-treatment integration. His background includes co-founding the Canadian Psychedelic Association and serving as Chair of the Board for MAPS Canada. He has co-authored peer-reviewed research on ibogaine's applications for trauma, TBI, and opioid use disorder, and has been featured in award-winning documentaries including DOSED and In Waves and War. Grounded in personal experience and guided by a philosophical approach to healing, Trevor is helping shape a new model for ethical, integrative psychedelic care on a global scale. At Ambio, Trevor leads operations, strategic partnerships, and client experience – bridging clinical care with systems design, education, and public advocacy.

It is now known that the Covid 19 epidemic of early 2020 resulted from an accidental release of the virus from the Wuhan lab funded by the US Defense Department and Tony Fauci through the EcoHealth Alliance. Join our Happy Warrior community www.WeHappyWarriors.com But eminent scientists wrote in Lancet Magazine and in Nature Medicine magazine early in 2020 that Covid came from the so-called Wet Market in Wuhan and thinking otherwise is crazy conspiracy theory. Take a look at the wonderful Tower of Power course:  https://www.wehappywarriors.com/offers/L6KwuaXh?coupon_code=MEMORIAL15 .  As late as October 2023 the New York Times was still insisting that the Wuhan Virology Lab escape story was nonsense. For Memorial Day, America's Real War eBook – only $10. America's Real War (Paperback) – now just $15  Wuhan was operating with the same biosecurity levels you'd find at your dentist instead of hi level security needed for lethal viruses.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices