Podcasts about dietary protein

Matters Microbial #87: Dietary Protein and the Microbiome April 17, 2025 Today, Dr. Manuel Kleiner, Associate Professor of Microbiomes and Complex Microbial Communities at North Carolina State University,  joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss how diet can influence the microbiome in fascinating ways. Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Manuel Kleiner Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode An overview of “pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs,” which can lead to wonderful “leaf prints.” Gnotobiotic versus “germ-free” animals. A solid review of the gut microbiome and the relationship to health. An article describing how proteins are digested by the microbiota. A description of glycan degrading enzymes and the gut microbiome. An overview of mucin. Description of metaproteomics by Dr. Kleiner. Description of metagenomics. Gut microbiota and dysbiosis. An overview of inflammatory bowel disease. An overview of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. An overview of Akkermansia muciniphila. The possibility of microbes “farming” us for mucus! The wide ranging and deeply fascinating website for Dr. Kleiner's research group. Dr. Kleiner's faculty website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Today, we're diving into one of the most misunderstood, wrongly demonized, and yet most important pieces of your nutrition strategy: PROTEIN.We're going deep into:Why so many people still believe protein is dangerous — especially for your kidneysWhere these outdated beliefs came fromThe role of protein in muscle gain, fat loss, aging, and long-term healthWhy the RDA is setting you up for failureWhat YOU can do today to get the benefits of a high-protein lifestyleResources:1. High-Protein Diets and Kidney Function in Healthy Adults:Study: A Systematic Review of Renal Health in Healthy Individuals Consuming High Protein DietsFindings: This review analyzed multiple randomized controlled trials and found that increased protein intake led to higher glomerular filtration rates (GFR), all within normal kidney function ranges. The data suggest that higher protein consumption does not adversely affect kidney health in healthy adults. ​Study: Effect of a High-Protein Diet on Kidney Function in Healthy Adults: Results from the OmniHeart TrialFindings: This study concluded that a healthy diet rich in protein increased estimated GFR. However, it noted that the long-term effects of high-protein diets on kidney health remain uncertain.2. Protein Intake and Sarcopenia (Muscle Loss) in Older Adults:Study: Protein Intake and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisFindings: The meta-analysis indicated that older adults with sarcopenia consumed significantly less protein than their non-sarcopenic peers, suggesting that inadequate protein intake may be associated with muscle loss in the elderly. ​Study: Role of Dietary Protein in the Sarcopenia of AgingFindings: The study suggests that moderately increasing daily protein intake beyond 0.8 g/kg/day may enhance muscle protein anabolism, potentially mitigating age-related muscle loss. ​Protein & Kidney Health in Healthy IndividualsSystematic Review: High Protein Diets & Renal FunctionConclusion: No negative effects on kidney function in healthy adults.

In this episode, Dr. Eric Helms and I discuss:How much protein should you eat if you lift weights and you're in a caloric deficit?How important is protein intake relative to all other variables in a deficit?How much protein should you eat at maintenance or when bulking?The conversation arises from a recent systematic review with meta-regression on protein intake in a deficit, which Dr. Helms contributed to alongside Dr. Martin Refalo and Dr. Eric Trexler.Links and resources:Read the original research paper: “Effect of Dietary Protein on Fat-Free Mass in Energy Restricted, Resistance-Trained Individuals: An Updated Systematic Review With Meta-Regression” by Refalo and colleagues – https://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/fulltext/9900/effect_of_dietary_protein_on_fat_free_mass_in.179.aspx Check out Eric's IG account @helms3dmj for more posts on this paper: https://www.instagram.com/helms3dmj/ Check out the MASS Research Review: ⁠https://massresearchreview.com⁠Visit the 3DMJ website: https://3dmusclejourney.com/ Sign up for one on one coaching with me: ⁠https://www.fittotransformtraining.com/coaching.html⁠Follow me on Instagram @nikias_fittotransform: ⁠http://instagram.com/nikias_fittotransform/⁠Visit my website: ⁠https://www.fittotransformtraining.com⁠Sign up for my free newsletter: ⁠https://mailchi.mp/157389602fb0/mailinglist⁠Sign up for the No Quit Kit email series on retraining your mindset for long-term fat loss success: ⁠https://mailchi.mp/4b368c26baa8/noquitkitsignup⁠

IQBAR is offering our special podcast listeners 20% OFF all IQBAR products, plus get FREE shipping. To get your 20% off, text VANESSA to 64000.  That's VANESSA to sixty-four thousand. Message and data rates may apply. See terms for details. Jump straight to the studies breakdown: 14:36  In this episode of The Optimal Protein Podcast, we dive deep into two groundbreaking studies that reveal powerful insights into appetite regulation, fat loss, and muscle maintenance. You'll learn how weight loss impacts hunger hormones — and how a strategic focus on protein intake can help you stay fuller for longer, improve metabolic health, and preserve lean muscle mass. Key Topics Covered:

Timeline: Get 10% off Mitopure, clinically proven to boost mitophagy.  Go to timeline.com/vanessa. In this episode of The Optimal Protein Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Martin Refalo to discuss his brand-new study: Effect of Dietary Protein on Fat-Free Mass in Energy-Restricted, Resistance-Trained Individuals: An Updated Systematic Review With Meta-Regression (Refalo, Trexler, & Helms, 2025). This research provides an updated analysis of how dietary protein intake impacts muscle retention during fat loss in resistance-trained individuals. If you've ever wondered how much protein you really need while cutting to preserve muscle mass, this episode is for you! What We Cover in This Episode: -What does the latest meta-regression reveal about protein intake and fat-free mass during caloric restriction? -How does protein intake affect lean muscle retention across different levels of caloric deficits? -Does going above the commonly recommended 1.6 g/kg improve muscle retention? -What are the potential upper limits of protein intake for maximizing muscle preservation? -How does resistance training influence protein requirements during a diet? -Differences between male and female subjects—should women aim for different targets? -Practical recommendations for athletes, bodybuilders, and general fitness enthusiasts looking to optimize fat loss while keeping their muscle gains. Dr. Refalo, along with co-authors Dr. Eric Trexler and Dr. Eric Helms, has compiled the most up-to-date evidence to help you make data-driven decisions about your diet and training. Get 20% off on the Tone LUX Crystal Red Light Therapy Mask Ketogenicgirl.com with the code VANESSA Join the Community! Follow Vanessa on instagram to see her meals, recipes, informative posts and much more! Click here @ketogenicgirl Follow @optimalproteinpodcast on Instagram to see visuals and posts mentioned on this podcast. Link to join the facebook group for the podcast: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2017506024952802/

In this episode of Iron Culture, hosts Dr. Eric Helms and Dr. Eric Trexler are joined by Dr. Martin Refalo to discuss their recent meta-regression study on protein intake and its effects on muscle hypertrophy. They cover Martin's background, the initiation of the project, the methods used, and key findings, followed by a discussion of some critiques that have been generating discussion on social media platforms. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding statistical approaches in research and the implications of their findings for the fitness community. In this conversation, the Erics and Martin discuss the complexities of statistical modeling in nutrition research, the importance of parsimony, the risks of overfitting, and the challenges of controlling for covariates. The conversation also touches on the debate surrounding scaling protein recommendations by fat-free mass versus total mass, critiques of previous research on protein requirements for hypertrophy, and the ways in which these new findings support (and contradict) the authors' previously held biases. Throughout the episode, they reflect on the evolution of research in the fitness industry and the importance of engaging with critiques and feedback. Ultimately, they emphasize the need for thoughtful, contextualized, individualized application of their findings while acknowledging key limitations of their work. Time stamps: 00:00 Music 13:00 Introducing Dr Martin Refalo Iron Culture Ep. 197- Training To Failure: A Comprehensive Overview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa8Z-fUuiNU 18:23 How did we get to the meta-regression and an overview of the methods Refalo 2025 Effect of Dietary Protein on Fat-Free Mass in Energy Restricted, Resistance-Trained Individuals: An Updated Systematic Review With Meta-Regression https://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/fulltext/9900/effect_of_dietary_protein_on_fat_free_mass_in.179.aspx Helms 2014 A systematic review of dietary protein during caloric restriction in resistance trained lean athletes: a case for higher intakes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24092765/ 33:44 The main findings 43:53 Addressing the critiques 57:03 Scaling protein recommendations to fat-free mass vs body mass and why there was no break-point analysis Morton 2018 A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28698222/ Tagawa 2020 Dose-response relationship between protein intake and muscle mass increase: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33300582/ Nunes 2022 Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35187864/ 1:20:40 The practical recommendations 1:35:44 Types and the categorization of data and the secondary analyses Murphy 2022 Energy deficiency impairs resistance training gains in lean mass but not strength: A meta-analysis and meta-regression https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34623696/ 1:51:57 Quick Q&A Software for systematic reviews and meta-analyses 1:53:40 Final thoughts on the research and closing out Where to find Martin: Instagram @mrfitness__ https://www.instagram.com/mrfitness__/?hl=en

In today's episode of Iron Culture, co-hosts Eric Helms and Eric Trexler are joined by MASS colleague Dr. Mike Zourdos. After a brief chat about bodybuilding, powerlifting, and college football news, the crew addresses a number of questions about topics including optimal protein intake, what soreness can (or can't) tell us, detraining & retraining, vegan protein sources, heavy metals in protein supplements, training volume recommendations, pre-sleep meal guidelines, and much more. The MASS crew records Iron Culture LIVE on YouTube, Monday nights at 7pm eastern time. Be sure to join us for a future episode and say hello in the live chat! Time stamps: 0:00 Intro music 2:25 Introduction to an episode with a rare Mike Zourdos sighting Ask your questions here: https://massresearchreview.com/ironculture/ 6:30 Helms brings some bodybuilding news (with some college football chat) 17:15 2025 2025 Sheffield Powerlifting Championships recap 20:35 Preview for a future episode with Dr Refalo on recently published protein meta-regression Refalo 2025 Effect of Dietary Protein on Fat-Free Mass in Energy Restricted, Resistance-Trained Individuals: An Updated Systematic Review With Meta-Regression https://journals.lww.com/nsca-scj/fulltext/9900/effect_of_dietary_protein_on_fat_free_mass_in.179.aspx 21:55 Q&A 1 Rapid bounce back from a series of unfortunate events 27:51 Q&A 2 Is soreness useful for determining volume? Gomes 2019 High-Frequency Resistance Training Is Not More Effective Than Low-Frequency Resistance Training in Increasing Muscle Mass and Strength in Well-Trained Men https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29489727/ 40:25 Q&A 3 Protein ‘rapid fire': vegan options, protein supplementation, and heavy metal contamination Nunes 2022 Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35187864/ 1:06:10 Q&A 4 Strength progress, muscle growth and neurological adaptations Pelland 2024 The Resistance Training Dose-Response: Meta-Regressions Exploring the Effects of Weekly Volume and Frequency on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Gain https://sportrxiv.org/index.php/server/preprint/view/460 Ralston 2017 The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28755103/ 1:13:06 Q&A 5 Individual volume recommendation specificity 1:25:01 Q&A 6 Pre-sleep meal timing and other habits for sleep quality 1:36:07 Closing out and a preview for next week's live episode --- Music credit: Airport Lounge - Disco Ultralounge by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100806 Artist: http://incompetech.com/

A leader for conducting rigorous randomized trials of humans along with animal models for understanding nutrition and metabolism, Dr. Kevin Hall is a Senior Investigator at the National Institutes of Health, and Section Chief of the Integrative Physiology Section, NIDDK. In this podcast, we reviewed his prolific body of research a recent publications. The timing of optimizing our diet and nutrition seems apropos, now that we're in in the midst of the holiday season!Below is a video snippet of our conversation on his ultra-processed food randomized trial.Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The current one is here. If you like the YouTube format, please subscribe! The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Note: I'll be doing a Ground Truths Live Chat on December 11th at 12 N EST, 9 AM PST, so please mark your calendar and join!Transcript with links to publications and audioEric Topol (00:05):Well, hello. This is Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and I'm really delighted to have with me today, Dr. Kevin Hall from the NIH. I think everybody knows that nutrition is so important and Kevin is a leader in doing rigorous randomized trials, which is not like what we usually see with large epidemiologic studies of nutrition that rely on food diaries and the memory of participants. So Kevin, it's really terrific to have you here.Kevin Hall (00:34):Thanks so much for the invitation.Ultra-Processed FoodsEric Topol (00:36):Yeah. Well, you've been prolific and certainly one of the leaders in nutrition science who I look to. And what I thought we could do is go through some of your seminal papers. There are many, but I picked a few and I thought we'd first go back to the one that you published in Cell Metabolism. This is ultra-processed diets cause excessive caloric intake and weight gain. (Main results in graph below.) So maybe you can take us through the principle findings from that trial.Kevin Hall (01:10):Yeah, sure. So that was a really interesting study because it's the first randomized control trial that's investigated the role of ultra-processed foods in potentially causing obesity. So we've got, as you mentioned, lots and lots of epidemiological data that have made these associations between people who consume diets that are very high in ultra-processed foods as having greater risk for obesity. But those trials are not demonstrating causation. I mean, they suggest a strong link. And in fact, the idea of ultra-processed foods is kind of a new idea. It's really sort of appeared on the nutrition science stage probably most prominently in the past 10 years or so. And I first learned about this idea of ultra-processed foods, which is really kind of antithetical to the way most nutrition scientists think about foods. We often think about foods as nutrient delivery vehicles, and we kind of view foods as being the fraction of carbohydrates versus fats in them or how much sodium or fiber is in the foods.Kevin Hall (02:17):And along came this group in Brazil who introduced this new way of classifying foods that completely ignores the nutrient composition and says what we should be doing is classifying foods based on the extent and purpose of processing of foods. And so, they categorize these four different categories. And in the fourth category of this so-called NOVA classification scheme (see graphic below) , they identified something called ultra-processed foods. There's a long formal definition and it's evolved a little bit over the years and continues to evolve. But the basic ideas that these are foods that are manufactured by industries that contain a lot of purified ingredients made from relatively cheap agricultural commodity products that basically undergo a variety of processes and include additives and ingredients that are not typically found in home kitchens, but are typically exclusively in manufactured products to create the wide variety of mostly packaged goods that we see in our supermarkets.Kevin Hall (03:22):And so, I was really skeptical that there was much more about the effects of these foods. Other than that they typically have high amounts of sugar and saturated fat and salt, and they're pretty low in fiber. And so, the purpose of this study was to say, okay, well if there's something more about the foods themselves that is causing people to overconsume calories and gain weight and eventually get obesity, then we should do a study that's trying to test for two diets that are matched for these various nutrients of concern. So they should be matched for the macronutrients, they should be matched for the sugar content, the fat, the sodium, the fiber, and people should just be allowed to eat whatever they want and they shouldn't be trying to change their weight in any way. And so, the way that we did this was, as you mentioned, we can't just ask people to report what they're eating.Kevin Hall (04:19):So what we did was we admitted these folks to the NIH Clinical Center and to our metabolic ward, and it's a very artificial environment, but it's an environment that we can control very carefully. And so, what we basically did is take control over their food environment and we gave them three meals a day and snacks, and basically for a two-week period, they had access to meals that were more than 80% of calories coming from ultra-processed foods. And then in random order, they either received that diet first and give them simple instructions, eat as much as little as you want. We're going to measure lots of stuff. You shouldn't be trying to change your weight or weight that gave them a diet that had no calories from ultra-processed foods. In fact, 80% from minimally processed foods. But again, both of these two sort of food environments were matched for these nutrients that we typically think of as playing a major role in how many calories people choose to eat.Kevin Hall (05:13):And so, the basic idea was, okay, well let's measure what these folks eat. We gave them more than double the calories that they would require to maintain their weight, and what they didn't know was that in the basement of the clinical center where the metabolic kitchen is, we had all of our really talented nutrition staff measuring the leftovers to see what it was that they didn't eat. So we knew exactly what we provided to them and all the foods had to be in our nutrition database and when we compute what they actually ate by difference, so we have a very precise estimate about not only what foods they chose to ate, but also how many calories they chose to eat, as well as the nutrient composition.And the main upshot of all that was that when these folks were exposed to this highly ultra-processed food environment, they spontaneously chose to eat about 500 calories per day more over the two-week period they were in that environment then when the same folks were in the environment that had no ultra-processed foods, but just minimally processed foods. They not surprisingly gained weight during the ultra-processed food environment and lost weight and lost body fat during the minimally processed food environment. And because those diets were overall matched for these different nutrients, it didn't seem to be that those were the things that were driving this big effect. So I think there's a couple of big take homes here. One is that the food environment really does have a profound effect on just the biology of how our food intake is controlled at least over relatively short periods of time, like the two-week periods that we were looking at. And secondly, that there's something about ultra-processed foods that seem to be driving this excess calorie intake that we now know has been linked with increased risk of obesity, and now we're starting to put some of the causal pieces together that really there might be something in this ultra-processed food environment that's driving the increased rates of obesity that we've seen over the past many decades.Eric Topol (07:18):Yeah, I mean I think the epidemiologic studies that make the link between ultra-processed foods and higher risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disease. They're pretty darn strong and they're backed up by this very rigorous study. Now you mentioned it short term, do you have any reason to think that adding 500 calories a day by eating these bad foods, which by the way in the American diet is about 60% or more of the average American diet, do you have any inkling that it would change after a few weeks?Kevin Hall (07:54):Well, I don't know about after a few weeks, but I think that one of the things that we do know about body weight regulation and how it changes in body weight impact both metabolism, how many calories were burning as well as our appetite. We would expect some degree of moderation of that effect eventually settling in at a new steady state, that's probably going to take months and years to achieve. And so the question is, I certainly don't believe that it would be a 500 calorie a day difference indefinitely. The question is when would that difference converge and how much weight would've been gained or lost when people eventually reached that new plateau? And so, that's I think a really interesting question. Some folks have suggested that maybe if you extrapolated the lines a little bit, you could predict when those two curves might eventually converge. That's an interesting thought experiment, but I think we do need some longer studies to investigate how persistent are these effects. Can that fully explain the rise in average body weight and obesity rates that have occurred over the past several decades? Those are open questions.Eric Topol (09:03):Yeah. Well, I mean, I had the chance to interview Chris van Tulleken who wrote the book, Ultra-Processed People and I think you might remember in the book he talked about how he went on an ultra-processed diet and gained some 20, 30 pounds in a short time in a month. And his brother, his identical twin brother gained 50, 60 pounds, and so it doesn't look good. Do you look at all the labels and avoid all this junk and ultra-processed food now or are you still thinking that maybe it's not as bad as it looks?Kevin Hall (09:38):Well, I mean I think that I certainly learned a lot from our studies, and we are continuing to follow this up to try to figure out what are the mechanisms by which this happen. But at the same time, I don't think we can throw out everything else we know about nutrition science. So just because we match these various nutrients in this particular study, I think one of the dangers here is that as you mentioned, there's 60% of the food environment in the US and Great Britain and other places consist of these foods, and so they're unavoidable to some extent, right? Unless you're one of these privileged folks who have your backyard garden and your personal chef who can make all of your foods, I'm certainly not one of those people, but for the vast majority of us, we're going to have to incorporate some degree of ultra-processed foods in our day-to-day diet.Kevin Hall (10:24):The way I sort of view it is, we really need to understand the mechanisms and before we understand the mechanisms, we have to make good choices based on what we already know about nutrition science, that we should avoid the foods that have a lot of sugar in them. We should avoid foods that have a lot of saturated fat and sodium. We should try to choose products that contain lots of whole grains and legumes and fruits and vegetables and things like that. And there's some of those, even in the ultra-processed food category. I pretty regularly consume a microwavable ready meal for lunch. It tends to be pretty high in whole grains and legumes and low in saturated fat and sugar and things like that. But to engineer a food that can heat up properly in a microwave in four minutes has some ultra-processing technology involved there. I would be pretty skeptical that that's going to cause me to have really poor health consequences as compared to if I had the means to eat homemade French fries every day in tallow. But that's the kind of comparison that we have to think about.Eric Topol (11:36):But I think what you're touching on and maybe inadvertently is in that NOVA class four, the bad ultra-processed foods, there's a long, long list of course, and some of those may be worse than others, and we haven't seen an individual ranking of these constituents. So as you're alluding to what's in that microwave lunch probably could be much less concerning than what's in these packaged snacks that are eaten widely. But I would certainly agree that we don't know everything about this, but your study is one of the most quoted studies ever in the ultra-processed food world. Now, let me move on to another trial that was really important. This was published in Nature Medicine and it's about a plant-based diet, which is of course a very interesting diet, low-fat versus an animal-based ketogenic diet. Also looking at energy intake. Can you take us through that trial?Plant-Based, Low Fat Diet vs Animal-Based, Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic DietKevin Hall (12:33):Sure. So it's actually interesting to consider that trial in the context of the trial we just talked about because both of these diets that we tested in this trial were relatively low in ultra-processed foods, and so both of them contained more than a kilogram of non-starchy vegetables as a base for designing these, again, two different food environments. Very similar overall study design where people again were exposed to either diets that were vegan plant-based diet that was really high in starches and was designed to kind of cause big insulin increases in the blood after eating the meals. And the other diet had very, very few carbohydrates of less than 10% in total, and we built on that kind of non-starchy vegetable base, a lot of animal-based products to kind of get a pretty high amount of fat and having very low carbohydrates. Both diets in this case, like I mentioned, were pretty low in ultra-processed foods, but what we were really interested in here was testing this idea that has come to prominence recently, that high carbohydrate diets that lead to really large glucose excursions after meals that cause very high insulin levels after meals are particularly obesogenic and should cause you to be hungrier than compared to a diet that doesn't lead to those large swings in glucose and insulin and the prototypical case being one that's very low in carbohydrate and might increase the level of ketones that are floating around in your blood, which are hypothesized to be an appetite suppressant. Same sort of design, these minimally processed diets that one was very high in carbs and causes large swings in insulin and the other that's very low in carbs and causes increases in ketones.Kevin Hall (14:22):We ask people, again, while you're in one food environment or the other, don't be trying to gain weight or lose weight, eat as much or as little as you'd like, and we're going to basically measure a lot of things. They again, don't know what the primary outcome of the study is. We're measuring their leftovers afterwards. And so, the surprise in this particular case was that the diet that caused the big swings in glucose and insulin did not lead to more calorie consumption. In fact, it led to about 700 calories per day less than when the same people were exposed to the ketogenic diet. Interestingly, both food environments caused people to lose weight, so it wasn't that we didn't see the effect of people over consuming calories on either diet, so they were reading fewer calories in general than they were when they came in, right. They're probably eating a pretty ultra-processed food diet when they came in. We put them on these two diets that varied very much in terms of the macronutrients that they were eating, but both were pretty minimally processed. They lost weight. They ended up losing more body fat on the very low-fat high carb diet than the ketogenic diet, but actually more weight on the ketogenic diet than the low-fat diet. So there's a little bit of a dissociation between body fat loss and weight loss in this study, which was kind of interesting.Eric Topol (15:49):Interesting. Yeah, I thought that was a fascinating trial because plant-based diet, they both have their kind of camps, you know.Kevin Hall (15:57):Right. No, exactly.Immune System Signatures for Vegan vs Ketogenic DietsEric Topol (15:58):There are people who aren't giving up on ketogenic diet. Of course, there's some risks and some benefits and there's a lot of interest of course with the plant-based diet. So it was really interesting and potentially the additive effects of plant-based with avoidance or lowering of ultra-processed food. Now, the more recent trial that you did also was very interesting, and of course I'm only selecting ones that I think are particularly, there are a lot of trials you've done, but this one is more recent in this year where you looked at vegan versus ketogenic diets for the immune signature, immune response, which is really important. It's underplayed as its effect, and so maybe you can take us through that one.[Link to a recent Nature feature on this topic, citing Dr. Hall's work]Kevin Hall (16:43):Yeah, so just to be clear, it's actually the same study, the one that we just talked about. This is a secondary sort of analysis from a collaboration we had with some folks at NIAID here at the NIH to try to evaluate immune systems signatures in these same folks who wonder what these two changes in their food environment. One is vegan, high carbohydrate low-fat diet and the other, the animal-based ketogenic diet. And again, it was pretty interesting to me that we were able to see really substantial changes in how the immune system was responding. First of all, both diets again seem to have improved immune function, both adaptive and innate immune function as compared to their baseline measurements when they came into the study. So when they're reading their habitual diet, whatever that is typically high in ultra-processed foods, they switched to both of these diets.Kevin Hall (17:39):We saw market changes in their immune system even compared to baseline. But when we then went and compared the two diets, they were actually divergent also, in other words, the vegan diet seemed to stimulate the innate immune system and the ketogenic diet seemed to stimulate the adaptive immune system. So these are the innate immune system can be thought of. Again, I'm not an immunologist. My understanding is that this is the first line defense against pathogens. It happens very quickly and then obviously the adaptive immune system then adapts to a specific pathogen over time. And so, this ability of our diet to change the immune system is intriguing and how much of that has to do with influencing the gut microbiota, which obviously the gut plays a huge role in steering our immune system in one direction versus another. I think those are some really intriguing mechanistic questions that are really good fodder for future research.Eric Topol (18:42):Yeah, I think it may have implications for treatment of autoimmune diseases. You may want to comment about that.Kevin Hall (18:51):Yeah, it's fascinating to think about that the idea that you could change your diet and manipulate your microbiota and manipulate your gut function in a way to influence your immune system to steer you away from a response that may actually be causing your body damage in your typical diet. It's a fascinating area of science and we're really interested to follow that up. I mean, it kind of supports these more anecdotal reports of people with lupus, for example, who've reported that when they try to clean up their diet for a period of time and eliminate certain foods and eliminate perhaps even ultra-processed food products, that they feel so much better that their symptoms alleviate at least for some period of time. Obviously, it doesn't take the place of the therapeutics that they need to take, but yeah, we're really interested in following this up to see what this interaction might be.Eric Topol (19:46):Yeah, it's fascinating. It also gets to the fact that certain people have interesting responses. For example, those with epilepsy can respond very well to a ketogenic diet. There's also been diet proposed for cancer. In fact, I think there's some even ongoing trials for cancer of specific diets. Any comments about that?Kevin Hall (20:10):Yeah, again, it's a really fascinating area. I mean, I think we kind of underappreciate and view diet in this lens of weight loss, which is not surprising because that's kind of where it's been popularized. But I think the role of nutrition and how you can manipulate your diet and still you can have a very healthy version of a ketogenic diet. You can have a very healthy version of a low-fat, high carb diet and how they can be used in individual cases to kind of manipulate factors that might be of concern. So for example, if you're concerned about blood glucose levels, clearly a ketogenic diet is moderating those glucose levels over time, reducing insulin levels, and that might have some positive downstream consequences and there's some potential downsides. Your apoB levels might go up. So, you have to kind of tune these things to the problems and the situations that individuals may face. And similarly, if you have issues with blood glucose control, maybe a high carbohydrate diet might not be for you, but if that's not an issue and you want to reduce apoB levels, it seems like that is a relatively effective way to do that, although it does tend to increase fasting triglyceride levels.Kevin Hall (21:27):So again, there's all of these things to consider, and then when you open the door beyond traditional metabolic health markers to things like inflammation and autoimmune disease as well as some of these other things like moderating how cancer therapeutics might work inside the body. I think it's a really fascinating and interesting area to pursue.Eric Topol (21:55):No question about it. And that also brings in the dimension of the gut microbiome, which obviously your diet has a big influence, and it has an influence on your brain, brain-gut axis, and the immune system. It's all very intricate, a lot of feedback loops and interactions that are not so easy to dissect, right?Kevin Hall (22:16):Absolutely. Yeah, especially in humans. That's why we rely on our basic science colleagues to kind of figure out these individual steps in these chains. And of course, we do need human experiments and carefully controlled experiments to see how much of that really translates to humans, so we need this close sort of translational partnership.On the Pathogenesis of Obesity, Calories In and Calories OutEric Topol (22:35):Yeah. Now, you've also written with colleagues, other experts in the field about understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis of obesity and papers that we'll link to. We're going to link to everything for what we've been discussing about calories in, calories out, and that's been the longstanding adage about this. Can you enlighten us, what is really driving obesity and calories story?Kevin Hall (23:05):Well, I co-organized a meeting for the Royal Society, I guess about a year and a half ago, and we got together all these experts from around the world, and the basic message is that we have lots of competing theories about what is driving obesity. There's a few things that we all agree on. One is that there is a genetic component. That adiposity in a given environment is somewhere between 40% to 70% heritable, so our genes play a huge role. It seems like there's certain genes that can play a major role. Like if you have a mutation in leptin, for example, or the leptin receptor, then this can have a monogenic cause of obesity, but that's very, very rare. What seems to be the case is that it's a highly polygenic disease with individual gene variants contributing a very, very small amount to increased adiposity. But our genes have not changed that much as obesity prevalence has increased over the past 50 years. And so, something in the environment has been driving that, and that's where the real debates sort of starts, right?Kevin Hall (24:14):I happen to be in the camp that thinks that the food environment is probably one of the major drivers and our food have changed substantially, and we're trying to better understand, for example, how ultra-processed foods which have risen kind of in parallel with the increased prevalence of obesity. What is it about ultra-processed foods that tend to drive us to overconsume calories? Other folks focus maybe more on what signals from the body have been altered by the foods that we're eating. They might say that the adipose tissue because of excess insulin secretion for example, is basically driven into a storage mode and that sends downstream signals that are eventually sensed by the brain to change our appetite and things like that. There's a lot of debate about that, but again, I think that these are complementary hypotheses that are important to sort out for sure and important to design experiments to try to figure out what is more likely. But there is a lot of agreement on the idea that there's something in our environment has changed.Kevin Hall (25:17):I think there's even maybe a little bit less agreement of exactly what that is. I think that there's probably a little bit more emphasis on the food environment as opposed to there are other folks who think increased pollution might be driving some of this, especially endocrine disrupting chemicals that have increased in prevalence. I think that's a viable hypothesis. I think we have to try to rank order what we think are the most likely and largest contributors. They could all be contributing to some extent and maybe more so in some people rather than others, but our goal is to try to, maybe that's a little simple minded, but let's take the what I think is the most important thing and let's figure out the mechanisms of that most important thing and we'll, number one, determine if it is the most important thing. In my case, I think something about ultra-processed foods that are driving much of what we're seeing. If we could better understand that, then we could both advise consumers to avoid certain kinds of foods because of certain mechanisms and still be able to consume some degree of ultra-processed foods. They are convenient and tasty and relatively inexpensive and don't require a lot of skill and equipment to prepare. But then if we focus on the true bad guys in that category because we really understand the mechanisms, then I think that would be a major step forward. But that's just my hypothesis.Eric Topol (26:43):Well, I'm with you actually. Everything I've read, everything I've reviewed on ultra-processed food is highly incriminating, and I also get frustrated that nothing is getting done about it, at least in this country. But on the other hand, it doesn't have to be either or, right? It could be both these, the glycemic index story also playing a role. Now, when you think about this and you're trying to sort out calories in and calories out, and let's say it's one of your classic experiments where you have isocaloric proteins and fat and carbohydrate exactly nailed in the different diets you're examining. Is it really about calories or is it really about what is comprising the calorie?Kevin Hall (27:29):Yeah, so I think this is the amazing thing, even in our ultra-processed food study, if we asked the question across those people, did the people who ate more calories even in the ultra-processed diet, did they gain more weight? The answer is yes.Kevin Hall (27:44):There's a very strong linear correlation between calorie intake and weight change. I tend to think that I started my career in this space focusing more on the metabolism side of the equation, how the body's using the calories and how much does energy expenditure change when you vary the proportion of carbs versus fat, for example. The effect size is there, they might be there, but they're really tiny of the order of a hundred calories per day. What really struck me is that when we just kind of changed people's food environments, the magnitude of the effects are like we mentioned, 500 to 700 calories per day differences. So I think that the real trick is to figure out how is it that the brain is regulating our body weight in some way that we are beginning to understand from a molecular perspective? What I think is less well understood is, how is that food intake control system altered by the food environment that we find ourselves in?The Brain and GLP-1 DrugsKevin Hall (28:42):There are a few studies now in mice that are beginning to look at how pathways in the brain that have been believed to be related to reward and not necessarily homeostatic control of food intake. They talk to the regions of the brain that are related to homeostatic control of food intake, and it's a reciprocal sort of feedback loop there, and we're beginning to understand that. And I think if we get more details about what it is in our foods that are modulating that system, then we'll have a better understanding of what's really driving obesity and is it different in different people? Are there subcategories of obesity where certain aspects of the food environment are more important than others, and that might be completely flipped in another person. I don't know the answer to that question yet, but it seems like there are certain common factors that might be driving overall changes in obesity prevalence and how they impact this reward versus homeostatic control systems in the brain, I think are really fascinating questions.Eric Topol (29:43):And I think we're getting much more insight about this circuit of the reward in the brain with the food intake, things like optogenetics, many ways that we're getting at this. And so, it's fascinating. Now, that gets me to the miracle drug class GLP-1, which obviously has a big interaction with obesity, but of course much more than that. And you've written about this as well regarding this topic of sarcopenic obesity whereby you lose a lot of weight, but do you lose muscle mass or as you referred to earlier, you lose body fat and maybe not so much muscle mass. Can you comment about your views about the GLP-1 family of drugs and also about this concern of muscle mass loss?Kevin Hall (30:34):Yeah, so I think it's a really fascinating question, and we've been trying to develop mathematical models about how our body composition changes with weight gain and weight loss for decades now. And this has been a long topic, one of the things that many people may not realize is that people with obesity don't just have elevated adiposity, they also have elevated muscle mass and lean tissue mass overall. So when folks with obesity lose weight, and this was initially a pretty big concern with bariatric surgery, which has been the grandfather of ways that people have lost a lot of weight. The question has been is there a real concern about people losing too much weight and thereby becoming what you call sarcopenic? They have too little muscle mass and then they have difficulties moving around. And of course, there are probably some people like that, but I think what people need to realize is that folks with obesity tend to start with much higher amounts of lean tissue mass as well as adiposity, and they start off with about 50% of your fat-free mass, and the non-fat component of your body is skeletal muscle.Kevin Hall (31:45):So you're already starting off with quite a lot. And so, the question then is when you lose a lot of weight with the GLP-1 receptor agonist or with bariatric surgery, how much of that weight loss is coming from fat-free mass and skeletal muscle versus fat mass? And so, we've been trying to simulate that using what we've known about bariatric surgery and what we've known about just intentional weight loss or weight gain over the years. And one of the things that we found was that our sort of expectations for what's expected for the loss of fat-free mass with these different drugs as well as bariatric surgery, for the most part, they match our expectations. In other words, the expected amount of fat loss and fat free mass loss. The one outlier interestingly, was the semaglutide study, and in that case, they lost more fat-free mass than would be expected.Kevin Hall (32:44):Now, again, that's just raising a little bit of a flag that for whatever reason, from a body composition perspective, it's about a hundred people underwent these repeated DEXA scans in that study sponsored by Novo Nordisk. So it's not a huge number of people, but it's enough to really get a good estimate about the proportion of weight loss. Whether or not that has functional consequences, I think is the open question. There's not a lot of reports of people losing weight with semaglutide saying, you know what? I'm really having trouble actually physically moving around. I feel like I've lost a lot of strength. In fact, it seems to be the opposite, right, that the quality of the muscle there seems to be improved. They seem to have more physical mobility because they've lost so much more weight, that weight had been inhibiting their physical movement in the past.Kevin Hall (33:38):So it's something to keep an eye on. It's an open question whether or not we need additional therapies in certain categories of patients, whether that be pharmacological, there are drugs that are interesting that tend to increase muscle mass. There's also other things that we know increase muscle mass, right? Resistance exercise training, increase this muscle mass. And so, if you're really concerned about this, I certainly, I'm not a physician, but I think it's something to consider that if you go on one of these drugs, you might want to think about increasing your resistance exercise training, maybe increasing the protein content of your diet, which then can support that muscle building. But I think it's a really interesting open question about what the consequences of this might be in certain patient populations, especially over longer periods of time.Dietary Protein, Resistance Exercise, DEXA ScansEric Topol (34:30):Yeah, you've just emphasized some really key points here. Firstly, that resistance exercise is good for you anyway. And get on one of these drugs, why don't you amp it up or get it going? The second is about the protein diet, which it'd be interesting to get your thoughts on that, but we generally have too low of a protein diet, but then there are some who are advocating very high protein diets like one gram per pound, not just one gram per kilogram. And there have been studies to suggest that that very high protein diet could be harmful, but amping up the protein diet, that would be a countering thing. But the other thing you mentioned is a DEXA scan, which can be obtained very inexpensively, and because there's a variability in this muscle mass loss if it's occurring, I wonder if that's a prudent thing or if you just empirically would just do the things that you mentioned. Do you have any thoughts about that?Kevin Hall (35:32):Yeah, that's really a clinical question that I don't deal with on a day-to-day basis. And yeah, I think there's probably better people suited to that. DEXA scans, they're relatively inexpensive, but they're not readily accessible to everyone. I certainly wouldn't want to scare people away from using drugs that are now known to be very effective for weight loss and pretty darn safe as far as we can tell, just because they don't have access to a DEXA scanner or something like that.Eric Topol (36:00):Sure. No, that makes a lot of sense. I mean, the only reason I thought it might be useful is if you're concerned about this and you want to track, for example, how much is that resistant training doing?Kevin Hall (36:13):But I think for people who have the means to do that, sure. I can't see any harm in it for sure.Continuous Glucose Sensors?Eric Topol (36:19):Yeah. That gets me to another metric that you've written about, which is continuous glucose tracking. As you know, this is getting used, I think much more routinely in type one insulin diabetics and people with type 2 that are taking insulin or difficult to manage. And now in recent months there have been consumer approved that is no prescription needed, just go to the drugstore and pick up your continuous glucose sensor. And you've written about that as well. Can you summarize your thoughts on it?Kevin Hall (36:57):Yeah, sure. I mean, yeah, first of all, these tools have been amazing for people with diabetes and who obviously are diagnosed as having a relative inability to regulate their glucose levels. And so, these are critical tools for people in that population. I think the question is are they useful for people who don't have diabetes and is having this one metric and where you target all this energy into this one thing that you can now measure, is that really a viable way to kind of modulate your lifestyle and your diet? And how reliable are these CGM measurements anyway? In other words, do they give the same response to the same meal on repeated occasions? Does one monitor give the same response as another monitor? And those are the kinds of experiments that we've done. Again, secondary analysis, these trials that we talked about before, we have people wearing continuous glucose monitors all the time and we know exactly what they ate.Kevin Hall (37:59):And so, in a previous publication several years ago, we basically had two different monitors. One basically is on the arm, which is the manufacturer's recommendation, the other is on the abdomen, which is the manufacturer's recommendation. They're wearing them simultaneously. And we decided just to compare what were the responses to the same meals in simultaneous measurements. And they were correlated with each other thankfully, but they weren't as well predictive as you might expect. In other words, one device might give a very high glucose reading to consuming one meal and the other might barely budge, whereas the reverse might happen for a different meal. And so, we asked the question, if we were to rank the glucose spikes by one meal, so we have all these meals, let's rank them according to the glucose spikes of one device. Let's do the simultaneous measurements with the other device.Kevin Hall (38:53):Do we get a different set of rankings? And again, they're related to each other, but they're not overlapping. They're somewhat discordant. And so, then the question becomes, okay, well if I was basically using this one metric to kind of make my food decisions by one device, I actually start making different decisions compared to if I happen to have been wearing a different device. So what does this really mean? And I think this sort of foundational research on how much of a difference you would need to make a meaningful assessment about, yeah, this is actionable from a lifestyle perspective, even if that is the one metric that you're interested in. That sort of foundational research I don't think has really been done yet. More recently, we asked the question, okay, let's ignore the two different devices. Let's stick to the one where we put it on our arm, and let's ask the question.Kevin Hall (39:43):We've got repeated meals and we've got them in this very highly regimented and controlled environment, so we know exactly what people ate previously. We know the timing of the meals, we know when they did their exercise, we know how much they were moving around, how well they slept the night before. All of these factors we could kind of control. And the question that we asked in that study was, do people respond similarly to the same meal on repeated occasions? Is that better than when you actually give them very different meals? But they match overall for macronutrient content, for example. And the answer to that was surprisingly no. We had as much variability in the glucose response to the same person consuming the same meal on two occasions as a whole bunch of different meals. Which suggests again, that there's enough variability that it makes it difficult to then recommend on for just two repeats of a meal that this is going to be a meal that's going to cause your blood glucose to be moderate or blood glucose to be very high. You're going to have to potentially do this on many, many different occasions to kind of figure out what's the reliable response of these measurements. And again, that foundational research is typically not done. And I think if we're really going to use this metric as something that is going to change our lifestyles and make us choose some meals other than others, then I think we need that foundational research. And all we know now is that two repeats of the same meal is not going to do it.Eric Topol (41:21):Well, were you using the current biosensors of 2024 or were you using ones from years ago on that?Kevin Hall (41:27):No, we were using ones from several years ago when these studies were completed. But interestingly, the variability in the venous measurements to meal tests is also very, very different. So it's probably not the devices per se that are highly variable. It's that we don't really know on average how to predict these glucose responses unless there's huge differences in the glycemic load. So glycemic load is a very old concept that when you have very big differences in glycemic load, yeah, you can on average predict that one kind of meal is going to give rise to a much larger glucose excursion than another. But typically these kind of comparisons are now being made within a particular person. And we're comparing meals that might have quite similar glycemic loads with the claim that there's something specific about that person that causes them to have a much bigger glucose spike than another person. And that we can assess that with a couple different meals.Eric Topol (42:31):But also, we know that the spikes or the glucose regulation, it's very much affected by so many things like stress, like sleep, like exercise. And so, it wouldn't be at all surprising that if you had the exact same food, but all these other factors were modulated that it might not have the same response. But the other thing, just to get your comment on. Multiple groups, particularly starting in Israel, the Weizmann Institute, Eran Segal and his colleagues, and many subsequent have shown that if you give the exact same amount of that food, the exact same time to a person, they eat the exact same amount. Their glucose response is highly heterogeneous and variable between people. Do you think that that's true? That in fact that our metabolism varies considerably and that the glucose in some will spike with certain food and some won't.Kevin Hall (43:29):Well, of course that's been known for a long time that there's varying degrees of glucose tolerance. Just oral glucose tolerance tests that we've been doing for decades and decades we know is actually diagnostic, that we use variability in that response as diagnostic of type 2 diabetes.Eric Topol (43:49):I'm talking about within healthy people.Kevin Hall (43:53):But again, it's not too surprising that varying people. I mean, first of all, we have a huge increase in pre-diabetes, right? So there's various degrees of glucose tolerance that are being observed. But yeah, that is important physiology. I think the question then is within a given person, what kind of advice do we give to somebody about their lifestyle that is going to modulate those glucose responses? And if that's the only thing that you look at, then it seems like what ends up happening, even in the trials that use continuous glucose monitors, well big surprise, they end up recommending low carbohydrate diets, right? So that's the precision sort of nutrition advice because if that's the main metric that's being used, then of course we've all known for a very long time that lower carbohydrate diets lead to a moderated glucose response compared to higher carbohydrate diets. I think the real question is when you kind of ask the issue of if you normalize for glycemic load of these different diets, and there are some people that respond very differently to the same glycemic load meal compared to another person, is that consistent number one within that person?Kevin Hall (45:05):And our data suggests that you're going to have to repeat that same test multiple times to kind of get a consistent response and be able to make a sensible recommendation about that person should eat that meal in the future or not eat that meal in the future. And then second, what are you missing when that becomes your only metric, right? If you're very narrowly focused on that, then you're going to drive everybody to consume a very low carbohydrate diet. And as we know, that might be great for a huge number of people, but there are those that actually have some deleterious effects of that kind of diet. And if you're not measuring those other things or not considering those other things and put so much emphasis on the glucose side of the equation, I worry that there could be people that are being negatively impacted. Not to mention what if that one occasion, they ate their favorite food and they happen to get this huge glucose spike and they never eat it again, their life is worse. It might've been a complete aberration.Eric Topol (46:05):I think your practical impact point, it's excellent. And I think one of the, I don't know if you agree, Kevin, but one of the missing links here is we see these glucose spikes in healthy people, not just pre-diabetic, but people with no evidence of glucose dysregulation. And we don't know, they could be up to 180, 200, they could be prolonged. We don't know if the health significance of that, and I guess someday we'll learn about it. Right?Kevin Hall (46:36):Well, I mean that's the one nice thing is that now that we have these devices to measure these things, we can start to make these correlations. We can start to do real science to say, what a lot of people now presume is the case that these spikes can't be good for you. They must lead to increased risk of diabetes. It's certainly a plausible hypothesis, but that's what it is. We actually need good data to actually analyze that. And at least that's now on the table.Eric Topol (47:04):I think you're absolutely right on that. Well, Kevin, this has been a fun discussion. You've been just a great leader in nutrition science. I hope you'll keep up your momentum because it's pretty profound and I think we touched on a lot of the uncertainties. Is there anything that I didn't ask you that you wish I did?Kevin Hall (47:23):I mean, we could go on for hours, I'm sure, Eric, but this has been a fascinating conversation. I really appreciate your interest. Thank you.Eric Topol (47:30):Alright, well keep up the great stuff. We'll be following all your work in the years ahead, and thanks for joining us on Ground Truths today.**************************************Footnote, Stay Tuned: Julia Belluz and Kevin Hall have a book coming out next September titled “WHY WE EAT? Thank you for reading, listening and subscribing to Ground Truths.If you found this fun and informative please share it!All content on Ground Truths—its newsletters, analyses, and podcasts, are free, open-access.Paid subscriptions are voluntary. All proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. I welcome all comments from paid subscribers and will do my best to respond to them and any questions.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and to Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.Note on Mass Exodus from X/twitter:Many of you have abandoned the X platform for reasons that I fully understand. While I intend to continue to post there because of its reach to the biomedical community, I will post anything material here in the Notes section of Ground Truths on a daily basis and cover important topics in the newsletter/analyses. You can also find my posts at Bluesky: @erictopol.bsky.social, which is emerging as an outstanding platform for sharing life science. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

Protein — how much do we need? What's the healthiest way to consume it? Can we get enough from plant-based diets? Until recent decades, protein hasn't been quite as prominent in public health discussions as sugar and fats.  However, with longer lifespans emphasizing the importance of protein for long-term health, and growing confusion around the quality and quantity of protein needed, it has become a highly debated macronutrient. In ‘Your Brain On… Protein', we explore: • The brain health benefits (and general health benefits) of protein • Plant-based protein vs. meat protein, and supplements like protein powders • How much protein we really need to eat every day • Ways we can all introduce more protein into our diets • Why ‘health' influencers are suddenly recommending unusually  high levels of protein consumption • How we measure the quality of proteins, including digestibility and absorption In this episode, we're joined by two fantastic nutrition experts: DR. MATTHEW NAGRA, nutritionist and science communicator. DR. ALAN FLANAGAN, esteemed nutrition scientist (previously featured in ‘Your Brain On… Sugar' and ‘Your Brain On… Fats' ‘Your Brain On' is hosted by neurologists, scientists and public health advocates Ayesha and Dean Sherzai. Drs. Ayesha and Dean are now welcoming patients via the Brain Health Institute: https://brainhealthinstitute.com/ ‘Your Brain On... Protein' • SEASON 3 • EPISODE 10 (SEASON 3 FINALE!) ——— LINKS: Dr. Matt Nagra Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dr.matthewnagra Website: https://drmatthewnagra.com/  Dr. Alan Flanagan Alan on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenutritionaladvocate Alinea Nutrition: https://www.alineanutrition.com/ ——— REFERENCES: Dietary Patterns and Risk of Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9516-4 Dietary fat composition and dementia risk. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.038 Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6893534/ Animal vs Plant-Based Meat: A Hearty Debate. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38934982/ High-Protein Plant-Based Diet Versus a Protein-Matched Omnivorous Diet to Support Resistance Training Adaptations: A Comparison Between Habitual Vegans and Omnivores. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33599941/ Vegan and Omnivorous High Protein Diets Support Comparable Daily Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Young Adults. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36822394/ Digestibility issues of vegetable versus animal proteins: protein and amino acid requirements--functional aspects. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23964409/ Soy and Isoflavone Consumption and Multiple Health Outcomes: Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies and Randomized Trials in Humans. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900751 No Difference Between the Effects of Supplementing With Soy Protein Versus Animal Protein on Gains in Muscle Mass and Strength in Response to Resistance Exercise. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29722584/ Neither soy nor isoflavone intake affects male reproductive hormones: An expanded and updated meta-analysis of clinical studies. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33383165/ The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9410752/ The Effect of Plant-Based Protein Ingestion on Athletic Ability in Healthy People—A Bayesian Meta-Analysis with Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/16/2748 Effects of high-quality protein supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.013 Vegan and Omnivorous High Protein Diets Support Comparable Daily Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy in Young Adults. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36822394/

Protein-rich diets have been popular for some time. Everything from chocolate bars to ice cream promises to be ‘high protein'. Influencers and media outlets seem to rave about the weight loss and muscle building potential of eating a lot of protein. But when it's added as an extra ingredient - sometimes with emulsifiers and sugar - is it really helping our muscles grow? Today, ZOE's Head Nutritionist Dr. Federica Amati reveals the truth about protein bars and shakes, cutting through the marketing noise to find out how useful these products really are.

For your 7 day free trial of STRONG IN 60, click HERE. Protein Consumption Studies Recent Perspectives Regarding the Role of Dietary Protein for the Promotion of Muscle Hypertrophy with Resistance Exercise Training How much protein can the body use in a single meal for muscle-building? Implications for daily protein distribution Meditation Study Effects of Mental Imagery on Muscular Strength in Healthy and Patient Participants: A Systematic Review Adam Eason: Hypnosis For Running: Training Your Mind To Maximise Your Running Performance

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Gabrielle Lyon, D.O., a board-certified physician who did her clinical and research training at Washington University in geriatrics and nutrition. She is also an expert in how diet and exercise impact muscle and whole-body health and longevity. Dr. Lyon is a bestselling author and public educator. We discuss how healthy skeletal muscle promotes longevity, brain health, disease prevention, ideal body composition, and the health of other organs and bodily systems. She makes specific nutritional recommendations for optimal health: what to eat, how much to eat, the timing of meals, the essential need for adequate quality protein (including animal and plant-based options), supplementation, and how our dietary requirements change with age. She explains why specific types of resistance training are essential to build and maintain muscle and overall metabolic health. She also describes how to include resistance training as part of your exercise regimen — regardless of age or sex.  She also provides specific mindset tools to encourage sustained adherence to healthy eating and exercise practices. Women and men of all ages will benefit from Dr. Lyon's practical, evidence-based protocols to improve muscle and whole-body appearance, function, and health. Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, books, people mentioned, and additional resources at hubermanlab.com. Andrew's New Book Protocols: An Operating Manual for the Human Body: https://protocolsbook.com Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Maui Nui Venison: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman  Levels: https://levels.link/huberman  Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman  Timestamps 00:00:00 Protocols Book; Dr. Gabrielle Lyon 00:03:23 Sponsors: Maui Nui, Levels & Helix Sleep 00:07:40 Skeletal Muscle & Longevity 00:11:25 “Under-muscled”, Leucine & Muscle Health 00:15:55 Muscle Health 00:19:45 Tool: Carbohydrate Consumption & Activity, Glycogen 00:25:14 Tools: Nutrition for Healthy Skeletal Muscle, First Meal 00:31:57 Sponsor: AG1 00:33:46 Quality Protein, Animal & Plant-Based Proteins 00:37:36 Dietary Protein Recommendations, Meal Threshold 00:41:19 Muscle Health & Aging 00:46:02 Supplements & Creatine; Dietary Protein 00:50:07 Tool: Dietary Protein Recommendation; Gout & Cancer Risk 00:52:43 Effects of Dietary Protein & Exercise on Body Composition 01:03:06 Thermic Effects, Protein  01:05:02 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:06:14 Protein & Satiety, Insulin & Glucose 01:12:04 Tool: Older Adults, Resistance Training & Dietary Protein 01:17:48 Dietary Protein, mTOR & Cancer Risk 01:21:36 Muscle Span & Aging, Sedentary Behaviors 01:24:00 Mixed Meals, Protein Quality, Fiber 01:29:21 Inactivity & Insulin Resistance, Inflammation 01:38:43 Exercise & Myokines, Brain Health & BDNF 01:44:11 Tool: Resistance Training Protocols, Hypertrophy, “High Ground” 01:52:51 High Ground Exercises; Tendon Strength; Training Duration, Blue Zones 01:58:19 Movement, Exercise & Older Adults 02:04:25 Tool: Protein Timing & Resistance Training; VO2 Max, Aging, Blood Work 02:11:13 Supplements: Creatine, Urolithin A, Whey Protein, Fish Oil, Collagen 02:20:18 Fasting, Older Adults; Tool: Meal Timing 02:25:18 Animal Proteins & Dairy; Organ Meats, Vegan; Magnesium, Zinc 02:30:59 Medications & Muscle Health 02:32:49 Obesity & GLP-1 Analogs, Ozempic, Mounjaro, Skeletal Muscle 02:40:48 Benefits of Skeletal Muscle & Aging 02:42:16 Tools: Nutrition & Resistance Training for Muscle Health 02:45:44 Mindset Tools: Standards vs. Goals; Vulnerability Points 02:52:00 Mindset Tools: Neutrality; Health & Worth 03:01:14 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter, Protocols Book Disclaimer

The BRAND NEW 2nd Generation Tone Devices are NOW SHIPPING!!  Order HERE Hi friends! This episode is all about a NEW STUDY on Higher Dietary Protein Intake in WOMEN & Health Aging! Check out the new study HERE Click HERE for 25% OFF SITEWIDE for the Memorial Day Weekend Sale! This includes the brand new Tone Device and any of the Tone LUX Red Light Therpay Panels or Crystal Mask! Or use the code MEMORIALDAY25 at Ketogenicgirl.com Sale ends Monday, May 27th at MIDNIGHT!

In this episode, Ashleigh and Rachel answer a listener's question about a recent study claiming that high leucine (and dietary protein) intake can cause atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease. The links below provide more information on the study and their response.  The ladies also chat about some recent injuries, Ashleigh's upcoming trip to San Diego, and more. If you have questions, comments, feedback, or want to add a topic for "Ashleigh's Rant Corner," send it to musclescience4women@gmail.com. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley. They make amazing healthy snacks, like 100% grassfed and fermented beef sticks and Superfood bars made with bone broth protein and packed with plant-based superfoods (while still managing to taste like a delicious treat). They also have a range of real-food supplements, like Fish Roe and an Organ Complex. This company doesn't cut corners, they combine the best that plants and animals have to offer for our health, and it shows - get 15% off your order at https://paleovalley.com/musclescience Sign up for our new Strong & Sculpted Shoulders workshop: https://www.rgfit.com/shoulders Get fit with us in 2024 - sign up for the Grow Your Glutes Workshop: https://www.rgfit.com/glutes  Or our flagship strength training program, Muscle Science for Women: http://www.musclescienceforwomen.com  Link to the study discussed in this episode: 1. Zhang X, Kapoor D, Jeong SJ, et al. Identification of a leucine-mediated threshold effect governing macrophage mTOR signalling and cardiovascular risk. Nat Metab. 2024;6(2):359-377. Link to Dr. Peter Attia's response, also mentioned: https://peterattiamd.com/protein-and-ascvd/  

Discover why protein isn't just for athletes but a vital nutrient for everyone. I discuss with you the best and worst protein sources, from seafood to nuts, offering practical advice for integrating optimal protein intake into your diet. Whether you're a gym enthusiast or a casual listener, learn how protein serves your body, aiding in repair, hormone production, and overall well-being, and find out daily intake recommendations. Inquire About Becoming a 1-2-1 Online Fitness MemberInstagramX (Twitter)ThreadsYouTube ChannelArticlesFree Workout PlanFree Nutrition for Fat Loss GuideFree Meal Plan GuideFree Protein Cheat SheetSubscribe to My Email ListCalorie CalculatorEmail me at leo@kairos.online Timestamps(02:27) The basics of protein(04:24) The best and worst seafood protein sources(05:26) The best and worst meat and egg protein sources(06:42) The best and worst dairy protein sources(07:51) The best and worst beans and nuts protein sources(08:43) The best and worst common substitute protein sources(09:42) How much protein should you have?(10:35) Protein tips to bear in mind

About the guest: Luc van Loon, PhD is a Professor of Physiology of Exercise and Nutrition and Head of the M3-research group at the Department of Human Biology at Maastricht University. His lab focuses on the skeletal muscle adaptive response to physical (in)activity, the impact of nutrition on metabolism, and related topics.Episode summary: Nick and Dr. van Loon discuss: amino acid biology; branched chain amino acids like leucine; atypical amino acids like taurine; muscle growth & muscle biology; dietary protein and plant vs. animal protein sources; resistance training and anabolic growth; the limits of dietary protein on muscle growth; and more.*This content is never meant to serve as medical advice.Support the showAll episodes (audio & video), show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Try Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase.Try SiPhox Health—Affordable, at-home bloodwork w/ a comprehensive set of key health marker. Use code TRIKOMES for a 10% discount.Try the Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for $50 off.Learn all the ways you can support my efforts

This week on the podcast, Britt chats with Dietitian Jordan Dubie about everything PROTEIN related. Jordan specializes in prenatal and pediatric nutrition care. She is passionate about helping families feel their best and navigate the numerous nutrition challenges that arise during these critical phases on life. In this episode, Jordan and Britt chat about;What is protein and who needs to make sure they're prioritizing it in their dietCalculating how much protein you need per dayProtein in pregnancy How you can sneak protein into your dietProtein & the blood sugar rollercoasterWhy protein is so important at breakfast Vegetarian sources of proteinCommon protein myths and misconceptionsIf you would like to connect with Jordan, you can check out her website &  find her on Instagram or Facebook.Connect with Britt

Sick vs. healthy muscle. (2:36) The best test for looking at the health of skeletal muscle. (8:30) The difference between fat and its influence on your hormones. (10:20) Why the way we have intellectualized medicine is backwards! (15:00) “The wider the waistline, the lower the brain volume.” (20:57) Why you are never too old to build muscle. (25:02) Why the food pyramid is the worst social experiment we've ever had. (29:52) Going down the scary direction of becoming more planet-based from animal-based sources. (31:50) Have we been misled with sodium? (39:18) Does fasting affect men and women differently? (40:54) Diagnosing the different avatars she sees in her practice. (46:02) Concierge vs. Western medicine. (54:52) The misconception that physicians are paid to prescribe. (57:04) Should people stop seeing their doctor if they're obese? (59:00) Her take on GLP-1 antagonists/semaglutide. (1:00:51) Her favorite peptides and why. (1:10:10) The newest technology available for providers to look at skeletal muscle health. (1:12:29) The different training archetypes. (1:17:38) The resistance training revolution is here! (1:21:50) Related Links/Products Mentioned Forever Strong Summit - January 14, 2024 in Austin, TX For a limited time only, Mind Pump listeners get a free LMNT Sample Pack with any purchase: Visit DrinkLMNT.com/MindPump Special Launch: MAPS 40+ ** Code 40LAUNCH at checkout ** Promotion ends December 24th, act now for $80 off + 2 FREE eBooks! December Promotion: MAPS Old Time Strength | MAPS OCR 50% off! ** Code DECEMBER50 at checkout ** Forever Strong: A New, Science-Based Strategy for Aging Well – Book by Dr. Gabrielle Lyon D3 -Creatine dilution and the importance of accuracy in the assessment of skeletal muscle mass Effects of Dietary Protein on Body Composition in Exercising Individuals The Association between Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivore Diet Quality and Depressive Symptoms in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Research finds semaglutide treatment is associated with remarkable reductions in alcohol use disorder symptoms Mind Pump #2192: Dr. Jordan Shallow & Dr. Adeel Khan The Resistance Training Revolution – Book by Sal Di Stefano Mind Pump Podcast – YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources Featured Guest/People Mentioned Dr. Gabrielle Lyon (@drgabriellelyon) Instagram Bret H. Goodpaster, PhD | AdventHealth Research Institute Layne Norton, Ph.D. (@biolayne) Instagram Adeel Khan, MD (@dr.akhan) Instagram Jordan Shallow D.C (@the_muscle_doc) Instagram DON SALADINO (@donsaladino) Instagram Bedros Keuilian (@bedroskeuilian) Instagram

LET'S TALK THE WALK! ***NEW*** Facebook Group for Our Community! Join here for support, motivation and fun! Wellness While Walking Facebook page Wellness While Walking on Instagram Wellness While Walking on Twitter Wellness While Walking website for show notes and other information wellnesswhilewalking@gmail.com Wellness While Walking on Threads RESOURCES AND SOURCES (some links may be affiliate links) BLUE ZONES: DIET AND WHAT TO TAKE AWAY Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones Documentary Series on Netflix The Blue Zones Secrets for Living Longer: Lessons from the Healthiest Places on Earth, Dan Buettner Supercentarians and the oldest-old are concentrated into regions with no birth certificates and short lifespans, biorxiv.org Longevity Brand Blue Zones Purchased, clubindustry.com Food Industry Influence Could Cloud the US Dietary Guidelines, a New Report Says, nyt.com Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets – A Review, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Industry-Funded Study of the Week, foodpolitics.com Can Vegans Get Enough Omega-3 From Plants Alone? mygenefood.com Meat Supplementation Improves Growth, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in Kenyan Children, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov An Egg a Day Enhances Growth in Resource-Poor Communities, jpeds.com   PARTNERSHIP WITH HEROIC! Heroic is a social training platform that integrates ancient wisdom, modern science, and world-class, scientifically-validated behavioral design tools to help you show up as the best, most Heroic version of yourself. Heroic Coach – an unbelievable value for a comprehensive 300-day coaching training program – you'll benefit as much as your future clients will! Heroic Coach First Module Free Trial! ARETE: Activate Your Heroic Potential Book – Pre-order Heroic Premium -- self-development and social connection on the go with this life-changing app - try for free! ERIN SKINNER RD FROM EP. 198 Empowered Nutrition Lean For Life Program Empowered Nutrition on Instagram  Podcast: Empowered Nutrition Erin's Paper on Blue Zones (I downloaded it safely, but you need to determine for yourself if downloads are safe – a fascinating read) HOW TO SHARE WELLNESS WHILE WALKING Tell a friend or family member about Wellness While Walking, maybe while you're walking together or lamenting not feeling 100% Follow up with a quick text with more info, as noted below! (My favorite is pod.link/walking because it works with all the apps!) Screenshot a favorite episode playing on your phone and share to social media or to a friend via text or email! Wellness While Walking on Apple – click the up arrow to share with a friend via text or email, or share to social media Wellness While Walking on Spotify -- click the up arrow to share with a friend via text or email, or share to social media Use this universal link for any podcast app: pod.link/walking – give it to friends or share on social media Tell your pal about the Wellness While Walking website Thanks for listening and now for sharing! : )       DISCLAIMER Neither I nor many of my podcast guests are doctors or healthcare professionals of any kind, and nothing on this podcast or associated content should be considered medical advice. The information provided by Wellness While Walking Podcast and associated material, by Whole Life Workshop and by Bermuda Road Wellness LLC is for informational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment, and before undertaking a new health care regimen, including walking.   Thanks for listening to Wellness While Walking, a walking podcast and a "best podcast for walking"!  

Protein is a hotly debated topic - too much is bad, you need more, you need plant based, no you need animal based…what should you do? Protein is vital to health.  There are 20 amino acids that make up proteins. 9 must be obtained from food because we cannot make them.  This makes them essential.  When we consume protein, our digestive system breaks them down into the individual amino acids that can be used to make new proteins inside the body.  Protein isn't just about muscles, but also hormones, enzymes, brain function, organ health, bones, blood sugar management, immune cells and antibodies, and so much more.  Protein even helps with sleep and decreases inflammation. For full show notes and information: click here.Did you know my practice is entirely virtual? You don't have to live near me to get help with fatigue, stubborn weight, hypertension, prediabetes or more?Schedule a free call Free Metabolic Mastery ManualFree Facebook Community

There's been a growing emphasis in the fitness community on protein consumption – but do we have all the facts? Dr. Emily Lantz, a professor of nutrition, breaks down how our body uses protein, how much protein we need in a day, and who needs extra supplementation. Learn More: https://radiohealthjournal.org/kitchen-chemistry-the-facts-and-myths-of-dietary-protein Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Let's talk about protein. We often think that increasing protein helps build muscle because muscle is made of protein. But this doesn't always work. Some people that eat more protein may even suffer from amino acid deficiency. You need sufficient amounts of protein to build muscle, but, more importantly, you need sufficient amino acids. The general thought is that you need .8 grams of protein per kilogram of lean body mass—not overall weight. This might look like around 50 grams of protein per day. A moderate amount of protein would be between 1.2 and 1.7 grams per kilogram of lean body mass. High protein would be about 2 grams per kilogram of lean body mass. It's essential to focus on consuming quality protein from eggs, meat, fish, and dairy. It's not ideal to rely on getting your protein from plant sources or protein powder to build healthy muscles. Factors that influence the production of muscle protein: 1. Insulin resistance What to do: • Get on a low-carb diet (Healthy Keto®) • Do intermittent fasting 2. Growth hormone What to do: • Intense exercise • Get plenty of sleep • Do intermittent fasting 3. Testosterone What to do: • Consume zinc (red meat, shellfish, seafood) • Avoid refined carbs and sugar • Lower your stress • Avoid soy protein isolates, soy milk, beer, and alcohol 4. Stress What to do: • Take a look at my other videos on how to lower stress 5. The microbiome What to do: • Consume probiotic foods 6. Low stomach acid What to do: • Take betaine hydrochloride 7. Low enzymes in the pancreas or small intestine What to do: • Consume enzyme-rich foods • Take an amino acid supplement 8. Lean protein What to do: • Consume fattier protein sources

Today we have one of the world's foremost authorities on dietary protein and amino acids, Dr. Donald Layman. He is known for his extensive research on muscle development as well as his studies of metabolic regulation for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Don is a professor emeritus in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He spent 31 years on the faculty before stepping away in 2012. Much of Don's research over the years investigated the impact of diet and exercise on adult health problems related to obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. His lab at Illinois particularly focused on understanding metabolism. He conducted clinical trials for nearly two decades that helped create a new understanding about how to optimize people's macronutrient balance and metabolism. In addition to his work on metabolism, Don has also conducted extensive research into ways to enhance body composition, increase energy levels and monitor blood sugar. Today Don works as Director of Research for the American Egg Board and is a nutrition consultant for the National Dairy Council and The National Cattlemen's Beef Association. He also is the Chief Science Officer for Qivana, a natural products marketing company that promotes the weight-loss program that Don developed in his lab at the University of Illinois. Show notes: [00:04:02] Marcas asks Don what it was like growing up on a farm in a small town in northern Illinois. [00:04:29] Marcas asks how small the town was that Don grew up in. [00:05:16] Don explains how he first became interested in science. [00:05:39] Don talks about how he realized in college that he wasn't as good at math as he thought he was. He shares how this shifted his focus away from chemical engineering. [00:06:27] Marcas asks if Don's natural intuition and interest for biochemistry stemmed from growing up on a farm. [00:07:10] Ken mentions that as Don was studying biochemistry, he started looking into protein synthesis with a professor by the name of Arlen Richardson, who was known for his aging research. Ken asks Don to talk about this period and how his interest in protein and muscle evolved. [00:08:27] Marcas asks Don to explain for listeners the importance of protein as it relates to metabolism and what he means when he talks about protein turnover. [00:09:36] Marcas mentions that we hear a lot about the need to maintain muscle as we grow older, but that back in the ‘70s and ‘80s when Don was starting his career, there wasn't much of a focus on muscle, except in terms of athletic performance. Marcas goes on to explain that largely because of Don's research, we now know that protein is critical in terms of helping people stay healthier as they age. Marcas asks Don to give a sense of just how important protein is for our health span and aging. [00:12:35] Ken asks if it is true that the inefficiency in muscle protein synthesis begins as early as one's thirties. [00:14:11] Ken asks Don to talk about the right amount of protein an individual should consume and mentions that there is much confusion on this issue, largely due to the food pyramid's recommended daily allowance for protein of 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. [00:15:51] Ken mentions that Don has talked in the past about how 40 percent of women who are 60 and older consume less than the RDA for protein, which is likely the bare minimum. Ken asks if it is reasonable to say that a plant-based diet for older women could be risky. [00:17:13] Ken asks Don to address the claims that high-protein diets are not good for you, and that too much protein can harm your liver and kidney. [00:18:47] Marcas shifts gears to talk about the quality of protein consumed. Marcas explains that it is much easier for carnivores to get the right amount of protein than vegans, largely because the amino acid leucine is vital for muscle repair and replacement,...

Whether you want to learn how to prevent muscle loss or how to build muscle—this podcast is for you. Take the Dr. Berg 30-Day Fasting Challenge: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bit.ly/drberg30daychallenge⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Berg's Keto and IF Lab: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/groups/drbergslab/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ADD YOUR SUCCESS STORY HERE: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bit.ly/3zZgZKm⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Find Your Body Type: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.drberg.com/body-type-quiz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Talk to a Product Advisor to find the best product for you! Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Dr. Berg's products. Product Advisors are available Monday through Friday 8 am - 6 pm and Saturday 9 am - 5 pm EST. At this time, we no longer offer Keto Consulting and our Product Advisors will only be advising on which product is best for you and advise on how to take them. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. Dr. Berg's Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/37AV0fk⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Berg's Recipe Ideas: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/37FF6QR⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Berg's Reviews: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/3hkIvbb⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Berg's Shop: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/3mJcLxg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Berg's Bio: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/3as2cfE⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Berg's Health Coach Training: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/3as2p2q⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/drericberg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Messenger: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/drericberg/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ YouTube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/37DXt8C⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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ReferencesWe considered the effect of a high protein diet and potential metabolic acidosis on kidney function. This review is of interest by Donald Wesson, a champion for addressing this issue and limiting animal protein: Mechanisms of Metabolic Acidosis-Induced Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney DiseaseHostetter explored the effect of a high protein diet in the remnant kidney model with 1 ¾ nephrectomy. Rats with reduced dietary acid load (by bicarbonate supplementation) had less tubular damage. Chronic effects of dietary protein in the rat with intact and reduced renal massWesson explored treatment of metabolic acidosis in humans with stage 3 CKD in this study. Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with fruits and vegetables or oral bicarbonate reduces urine angiotensinogen and preserves glomerular filtration rateIn addition to the effect of metabolic acidosis from a diet high in animal protein, this diet also leads to hyperfiltration. This was demonstrated in normal subjects; ingesting a protein diet had a significantly higher creatinine clearance than a comparable group of normal subjects ingesting a vegetarian diet. Renal functional reserve in humans: Effect of protein intake on glomerular filtration rate.This finding has been implicated in Brenner's theory regarding hyperfiltration: The hyperfiltration theory: a paradigm shift in nephrologyOne of multiple publications from Dr. Nimrat Goraya whom Joel mentioned in the voice over: Dietary Protein as Kidney Protection: Quality or Quantity?We wondered about the time course in buffering a high protein meal (and its subsequent acid load on ventilation) and Amy found this report:Effect of Protein Intake on Ventilatory Drive | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists Roger mentioned that the need for acetate to balance the acid from amino acids in parenteral nutrition was identified in pediatrics perhaps because infants may have reduced ability to generate acid. Randomised controlled trial of acetate in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition - PMCHe also recommended an excellent review on the complications of parenteral nutrition by Knochel https://www.kidney-international.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0085-2538%2815%2933384-6 which explained that when the infused amino acids disproportionately include cationic amino acids, metabolism led to H+ production. This is typically mitigated by preparing a solution that is balanced by acetate. Amy mentioned this study that explored the effect of protein intake on ventilation: Effect of Protein Intake on Ventilatory Drive | Anesthesiology | American Society of AnesthesiologistsAnna and Amy reminisced about a Skeleton Key Group Case from the renal fellow network Skeleton Key Group: Electrolyte Case #7JC wondered about isolated defects in the proximal tubule and an example is found here: Mutations in SLC4A4 cause permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis with ocular abnormalitiesAnna's Voiceover re: Gastric neobladder → metabolic alkalosis and yes, dysuria. The physiology of gastrocystoplasty: once a stomach, always a stomach but not as common as you might think Gastrocystoplasty: long-term complications in 22 patientsSjögren's syndrome has been associated with acquired distal RTA and in some cases, an absence of the H+ ATPase, presumably from autoantibodies to this transporter. Here's a case report: Absence of H(+)-ATPase in cortical collecting tubules of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosisCan't get enough disequilibrium pH? Check this out- Spontaneous luminal disequilibrium pH in S3 proximal tubules. Role in ammonia and bicarbonate transport.Acetazolamide secretion was studied in this report Concentration-dependent tubular secretion of acetazolamide and its inhibition by salicylic acid in the isolated perfused rat kidney. | Drug Metabolism & DispositionIn this excellent review, David Goldfarb tackles the challenging case of a A Woman with Recurrent Calcium Phosphate Kidney Stones (spoiler alert, many of these patients have incomplete distal RTA and this problem is hard to treat). Molecular mechanisms of renal ammonia transport excellent review from David Winer and Lee Hamm. OutlineOutline: Chapter 11- Regulation of Acid-Base Balance- Introduction - Bicarb plus a proton in equilibrium with CO2 and water - Can be rearranged to HH - Importance of regulating pCO2 and HCO3 outside of this equation - Metabolism of carbs and fats results in the production of 15,000 mmol of CO2 per day - Metabolism of protein and other “substances” generates non-carbonic acids and bases - Mostly from sulfur containing methionine and cysteine - And cationic arginine and lysine - Hydrolysis of dietary phosphate that exists and H2PO4– - Source of base/alkali - Metabolism of an ionic amino acids - Glutamate and asparatate - Organic anions going through gluconeogenesis - Glutamate, Citrate and lactate - Net effect on a normal western diet 50-100 mEq of H+ per day - Homeostatic response to these acid-base loads has three stages: - Chemical buffering - Changes in ventilation - Changes in H+ excretion - Example of H2SO4 from oxidation of sulfur containing AA - Drop in bicarb will stimulate renal acid secretion - Nice table of normal cid-base values, arterial and venous- Great 6 bullet points of acid-base on page 328 - Kidneys must excrete 50-100 of non-carbonic acid daily - This occurs by H secretion, but mechanisms change by area of nephron - Not excreted as free H+ due to minimal urine pH being equivalent to 0.05 mmol/L - No H+ can be excreted until virtually all of th filtered bicarb is reabsorbed - Secreted H+ must bind buffers (phosphate, NH3, cr) - PH is main stimulus for H secretion, though K, aldo and volume can affect this.- Renal Hydrogen excretion - Critical to understand that loss of bicarb is like addition of hydrogen to the body - So all bicarb must be reabsorbed before dietary H load can be secreted - GFR of 125 and bicarb of 24 results in 4300 mEq of bicarb to be reabsorbed daily - Reabsorption of bicarb and secretion of H involve H secretion from tubular cells into the lumen. - Thee initial points need to be emphasized - Secreted H+ ion are generated from dissociation of H2O - Also creates OH ion - Which combine with CO2 to form HCO3 with the help of zinc containing intracellular carbonic anhydrase. - This is how the secretion of H+ which creates an OH ultimately produces HCO3 - Different mechanisms for proximal and distal acidification - NET ACID EXCRETION - Free H+ is negligible - So net H+ is TA + NH4 – HCO3 loss - Unusually equal to net H+ load, 50-100 mEq/day - Can bump up to 300 mEq/day if acid production is increased - Net acid excretion can go negative following a bicarb or citrate load - Proximal Acidification - Na-H antiporter (or exchanger) in luminal membrane - Basolateral membrane has a 3 HCO3 Na cotransporter - This is electrogenic with 3 anions going out and only one cation - The Na-H antiporter also works in the thick ascending limb of LOH - How about this, there is also a H-ATPase just like found in the intercalated cells in the proximal tubule and is responsible for about a third of H secretion - And similarly there is also. HCO3 Cl exchanger (pendrin-like) in the proximal tubule - Footnote says the Na- 3HCO3 cotransporter (which moves sodium against chemical gradient NS uses negative charge inside cell to power it) is important for sensing acid-base changes in the cell. - Distal acidification - Occurs in intercalated cells of of cortical and medullary collecting tubule - Three main characteristics - H secretion via active secretory pumps in the luminal membrane - Both H-ATPase and H-K ATPase - H- K ATPase is an exchange pump, k reabsorption - H-K exchange may be more important in hypokalemia rather than in acid-base balance - Whole paragraph on how a Na-H exchanger couldn't work because the gradient that H has to be pumped up is too big. - H-ATPase work like vasopressin with premise H-ATPase sitting on endocarditis vesicles a=which are then inserted into the membrane. Alkalosis causes them to be recycled out of the membrane. - H secretory cells do not transport Na since they have few luminal Na channels, but are assisted by the lumen negative tubule from eNaC. - Minimizes back diffusion of H+ and promotes bicarb resorption - Bicarbonate leaves the cell through HCO3-Cl exchanger which uses the low intracellular Cl concentration to power this process. - Same molecule is found on RBC where it is called band 3 protein - Figure 11-5 is interesting - Bicarbonate resorption - 90% in the first 1-22 mm of the proximal tubule (how long is the proximal tubule?) - Lots of Na-H exchangers and I handed permeability to HCO3 (permeability where?) - Last 10% happens distally mostly TAL LOH via Na-H exchange - And the last little bit int he outer medullary collecting duct. - Carbonic anhydrase and disequilibrium pH - CA plays central role in HCO3 reabsorption - After H is secreted in the proximal tubule it combines with HCO# to form carbonic acid. CA then dehydrates it to CO2 and H2O. (Step 2) - Constantly moving carbonic acid to CO2 and H2O keeps hydrogen combining with HCO3 since the product is rapidly consumed. - This can be demonstrated by the minimal fall in luminal pH - That is important so there is not a luminal gradient for H to overcome in the Na-H exchanger (this is why we need a H-ATPase later) - CA inhibitors that are limited tot he extracellular compartment can impair HCO3 reabsorption by 80%. - CA is found in S1, S2 but not S3 segment. See consequence in figure 11-6. - The disequilibrium comes from areas where there is no CA, the HH formula falls down because one of the assumptions of that formula is that H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is a transient actor, but without CA it is not and can accumulate, so the pKa is not 6.1. - Bicarbonate secretion - Type B intercalated cells - H-ATPase polarity reversed - HCO3 Cl exchanger faces the apical rather than basolateral membrane- Titratable acidity - Weak acids are filtered at the glom and act as buffers in the urine. - HPO4 has PKA of 6.8 making it ideal - Creatinine (pKa 4.97) and uric acid (pKa 5.75) also contribute - Under normal cinditions TA buffers 10-40 mEa of H per day - Does an example of HPO4(2-):H2PO4 (1-) which exists 4:1 at pH of 7.4 (glomerular filtrate) - So for 50 mEq of Phos 40 is HPO4 and 10 is H2PO4 - When pH drops to 6.8 then the ratio is 1:1 so for 50 - So the 50 mEq is 25 and 25, so this buffered an additional 15 mEq of H while the free H+ concentration increased from 40 to 160 nanomol/L so over 99.99% of secreted H was buffered - When pH drops to 4.8 ratio is 1:100 so almost all 50 mEq of phos is H2PO4 and 39.5 mEq of H are buffered. - Acid loading decreases phosphate reabsorption so more is there to act as TA. - Decreases activity of Na-phosphate cotransporter - DKA provides a novel weak acid/buffer beta-hydroxybutyrate (pKa 4.8) which buffers significant amount of acid (50 mEq/d).- Ammonium Excretion - Ability to excrete H+ as ammonium ions adds an important amount of flexibility to renal acid-base regulation - NH3 and NH4 production and excretion can be varied according to physiologic need. - Starts with NH3 production in tubular cells - NH3, since it is neutral then diffuses into the tubule where it is acidified by the low pH to NH4+ - NH4+ is ionized and cannot cross back into the tubule cells(it is trapped in the tubular fluid) - This is important for it acting as an important buffer eve though the pKa is 9.0 - At pH of 6.0 the ratio of NH3 to NH4 is 1:1000 - As the neutral NH3 is converted to NH4 more NH3 from theintracellular compartment flows into the tubular fluid replacing the lost NH3. Rinse wash repeat. - This is an over simplification and that there are threemajor steps - NH4 is produced in early proximal tubular cells - Luminal NH4 is partially reabsorbed in the TAL and theNH3 is then recycled within the renal medulla - The medullary interstitial NH3 reaches highconcentrations that allow NH3 to diffuse into the tubular lumen in the medullary collecting tubule where it is trapped as NH4 by secreted H+ - NH4 production from Glutamine which converts to NH4 and glutamate - Glutamate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate - Alpha ketoglutarate is converted to 2 HCO3 ions - HCO3 sent to systemic circulation by Na-3 HCO3 transporter - NH4 then secreted via Na-H exchanger into the lumen - NH4 is then reabsorbed by NaK2Cl transporter in TAL - NH4 substitutes for K - Once reabsorbed the higher intracellular pH causes NH4 to convert to NH3 and the H that is removed is secreted through Na-H exchanger to scavenge the last of the filtered bicarb. - NH3 diffuses out of the tubular cells into the interstitium - NH4 reabsorption in the TAL is suppressed by hyperkalemia and stimulated by chronic metabolic acidosis - NH4 recycling promotes acid clearance - The collecting tubule has a very low NH3 concentration - This promotes diffusion of NH3 into the collecting duct - NH3 that goes there is rapidly converted to NH4 allowing more NH3 to diffuse in. - Response to changes in pH - Increased ammonium excretion with two processes - Increased proximal NH4 production - This is delayed 24 hours to 2-3 days depending on which enzyme you look at - Decreased urine pH increases diffusion of ammonia into the MCD - Occurs with in hours of an acid load - Peak ammonium excretion takes 5-6 days! (Fig 11-10) - Glutamine is picked up from tubular fluid but with acidosis get Na dependent peritublar capillary glutamine scavenging too - Glutamine metabolism is pH dependent with increase with academia and decrease with alkalemia - NH4 excretion can go from 30-40 mEq/day to > 300 with severe metabolic acidosis (38 NaBicarb tabs) - Says each NH4 produces equimolar generation of HCO3 but I thought it was two bicarb for every alpha ketoglutarate?- The importance of urine pH - Though the total amount of hydrogren cleared by urine pH is insignificant, an acidic urine pH is essential for driving the reactions of TA and NH4 forward.- Regulation of renal hydrogen excretion - Net acid excretion vary inverse with extracellular pH - Academia triggers proximal and distal acidification - Proximally this: - Increased Na-H exchange - Increased luminal H-ATPase activity - Increased Na:3HCO3 cotransporter on the basolateral membrane - Increased NH4 production from glutamine - In the collecting tubules - Increased H-ATPase - Reduction of tubular pH promotes diffusion of NH3 which gets converted to NH4…ION TRAPPING - Extracellular pH affects net acid excretion through its affect on intracellular pH - This happens directly with respiratory disorders due to movement of CO2 through the lipid bilayer - In metabolic disorders a low extracellular bicarb with cause bicarb to diffuse out of the cell passively, this lowers intracellular pH - If you manipulate both low pCO2 and low Bicarb to keep pH stable there will be no change in the intracellular pH and there is no change in renal handling of acid. It is intracellular pH dependent - Metabolic acidosis - Ramps up net acid secretion - Starts within 24 hours and peaks after 5-6 days - Increase net secretion comes from NH4 - Phosphate is generally limited by diet - in DKA titratable acid can be ramped up - Metabolic alkalosis - Alkaline extracellular pH - Increased bicarb excretion - Decrease reabsorption - HCO3 secretion (pendrin) in cortical collecting tubule - Occurs in cortical intercalated cells able to insert H-ATPase in basolateral cells (rather than luminal membrane) - Normal subjects are able to secrete 1000 mmol/day of bicarb - Maintenance of metabolic alkalosis requires a defect which forces the renal resorption of bicarb - This can be chloride/volume deficiency - Hypokalemia - Hyperaldosteronism - Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis - PCO2 via its effect on intracellular pH is an important determinant of renal acid handling - Ratios he uses: - 3.5 per 10 for respiratory acidosis - 5 per 10 for respiratory alkalosis - Interesting paragraph contrasting the response to chronic metabolic acidosis vs chronic respiratory acidosis - Less urinary ammonium in respiratory acidosis - Major differences in proximal tubule cell pH - In metabolic acidosis there is decreased bicarb load so less to be reabsorbed proximally - In respiratory acidosis the increased serum bicarb increases the amount of bicarb that must be reabsorbed proximally - The increased activity of Na-H antiporter returns tubular cell pH to normal and prevents it from creating increased urinary ammonium - Mentions that weirdly more mRNA for H-Na antiporter in metabolic acidosis than in respiratory acidosis - Net hydrogen excretion varies with effective circulating volume - Starts with bicarb infusions - Normally Tm at 26 - But if you volume deplete the patient with diuretics first this increases to 35+ - Four factors explain this increased Tm for bicarb with volume deficiency - Reduced GFR - Activation of RAAS - Ang2 stim H-Na antiporter proximally - Ang2 also stimulates Na-3HCO3 cotransporter on basolateral membrane - Aldosterone stimulates H-ATPase in distal nephron - ALdo stimulates Cl HCO3 exchanger on basolateral membrane - Aldo stimulates eNaC producing tubular lumen negative charge to allow H secretion to occur and prevents back diffusion - Hypochloremia - Increases H secretion by both Na-dependent and Na-independent methods - If Na is 140 and Cl is 115, only 115 of Na can be reabsorbed as NaCl, the remainder must be reabsorbed with HCO3 or associated with secretion of K or H to maintained electro neutrality - This is enhanced with hypochloridemia - Concurrent hypokalemia - Changes in K lead to trans cellular shifts that affect inctracellular pH - Hypokalemia causes K out, H in and in the tubular cell the cell acts if there is systemic acidosis and increases H secretion (and bicarbonate resorption) - PTH - Decreases proximal HCO3 resorption - Primary HyperCard as cause of type 2 RTA - Does acidosis stim PTH or does PTH stim net acid excretion

To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Join us this episode as Douglas Taren speaks with co-authors Ino van der Heijden and Benjamin Wall from the Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom, to hear more from them on their research and findings.

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter Don Layman is a Professor of Food Science and Human Nutrition at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He has spent the past 40 years investigating the role of dietary protein in muscle protein synthesis. In this episode, Don describes how his decades of research have shaped his thinking around protein, muscle, anabolic factors, metabolism, and more. He explains the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein: what it is, how it came about, and how it should serve only as a guide for the minimum protein necessary for survival rather than as an optimal level of protein intake. He provides an overview of the essential amino acids, explains the nuances of animal versus plant protein, and provides insights for determining protein quality, absorption rates, and how to best track your intake. He discusses the ideal timing of protein intake in relation to resistance exercise, how protein should be distributed among meals, and how limitations in protein utilization per sitting can impact those practicing time-restricted eating. Additionally, Don shares results from his clinical trials, including how a high-protein diet fared in terms of fat loss, and explains the differences in protein utilization between adolescents and adults and how the problem of reduced efficiency of protein utilization in older adults can be overcome. We discuss: Don's background: from growing up on a farm to studying nutritional biochemistry [2:30]; Don's philosophy on nutrition, muscle, and metabolism [6:30]; The controversial relationship between saturated fat and atherosclerosis [18:15]; The basics of protein and amino acids [25:45]; Origin and limitations of the current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein intake [32:15]; Protein sources: determining quality, absorption rates, and how to track intake [41:15]; Leucine, lysine, and methionine: three important essential amino acids [48:00]; The vital role of ruminant animals in the production of quality protein [53:15]; The differing needs and impacts of dietary protein for a 16-year old compared to a 65-year old [59:30]; Consequences of protein deficiency in childhood [1:06:30]; Muscle protein synthesis: ideal timing, small meals vs. big meals, and more [1:12:45]; Protein needs of children [1:19:45]; How important is timing protein intake around training? [1:24:15]; The role of leucine in fatty acid oxidation by muscle [1:28:15]; High protein diets for fat loss: Results from Don's clinical trials [1:31:30]; Influence of industry funding on nutrition studies [1:43:45]; Don's thoughts on plant-based and synthetic “meats” [1:48:45]; Problems with epidemiological studies of dietary protein [1:56:30]; More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

In this clip of a discussion with Gavin Meenan, I discuss the role of dietary protein in weight loss and in the optimization of body composition. Specifically, I note that dietary protein enhances nutrient partitioning between fat and muscle but plays only a minor role in the regulation of body weight.===Like, comment, subscribe.For more, find me at:PODCAST The Kevin Bass ShowYOUTUBE https://www.youtube.com/user/kbassphiladelphiaSUBREDDIT www.reddit.com/r/kevinbassWEBSITE http://thedietwars.comTWITTER https://twitter.com/kevinnbass/https://twitter.com/healthmisinfo/INSTAGRAM https://instagram.com/kevinnbass/TIKTOK https://tiktok.com/@kevinnbassAnd above all, please donate to support what I do:PATREON https://patreon.com/kevinnbass/DONATE https://thedietwars.com/support-me/

This episode is for the vegans who say that plant-based diets provide enough protein. Not only do they provide less protein than omnivorous diets. But in old age, even omnivorous diets could benefit from a much higher protein intake. I discuss a large randomized controlled trial published in the British Medical Journal that clearly demonstrates this.Vegans would have you believe that there are no benefits whatsoever to consuming animal products.And believe me, I sympathize with the vegans. I have eaten very little meat for the past 15 years. For 3, I was a vegan. And for the past several years, I have been a pescatarian.So I want for it to be true that eating animal products is not healthy for anyone. That would be awfully convenient because it would make the story of health and my personal belief system line up perfectly!Unfortunately, that is not how reality works. And if we want to make the best decisions, we have to acknowledge REALITY.In this video I talk about an important study published last year. In a randomized controlled trial, 7195 nursing home residents (average age 86 years old) were randomized to receive supplemental yogurt, milk, and cheese, or their usual menu.What happened?Daily intake of calcium doubled. Protein intake increased by 20%.And those receiving supplemental dairy reduced their rate of:1. Hip fracture by HALF;2. All bone fractures by a THIRD; and3. Falls by 11%.This effect may have been mediated in part by favorable differences in bone characteristics in the group receiving supplemental dairy versus the control group.The bones of the group receiving supplements were much denser at the end of the study.Likewise, the group receiving protein supplements saw a slight increase in muscle mass, while the control group lost almost 2 kilograms, or 5 pounds, of muscle.And this was from a protein intake supplemented on top of an intake already in excess of the intake recommended by official government dietary guidelines!This may have impacted the risk of falling.Impressively, the impact of the intervention was seen within 6 months!It is possible that plant protein with calcium rather than dairy protein could have achieved the same effects. But what is for sure is that supplemental dairy has been shown to play an important role in preventing debilitating bone fractures in the elderly.Vegans, pay attention! It is better to accept these findings and try to build something out of them than to wave your hands and try to deny them. Link to the study: https://www.bmj.com/content/375/bmj.n236===Like, comment, subscribe.For more, find me at:PODCAST The Kevin Bass ShowYOUTUBE search: kbassphiladelphiaWEBSITE http://thedietwars.comTWITTER https://twitter.com/kevinnbass/https://twitter.com/healthmisinfo/INSTAGRAM https://instagram.com/kevinnbass/TIKTOK https://tiktok.com/@kevinnbassPlease donate to support what I do:PATREON https://patreon.com/kevinnbass/DONATE https://thedietwars.com/support-me/

This episode runs through four studies evaluating the impact of dietary protein % on energy intake. While some studies find that dietary protein reduces energy intake, there is no dose-response relationship, the effect occurs over different ranges of protein intake depending on the study, and it is unclear if other aspects of study design might have confounded causal inference. Likewise, one of the most well-conducted and carefully controlled studies find no impact of dietary protein % on energy intake.Higher dietary protein intakes are of unambiguous importance for body composition and nutrient partitioning, especially when in an energy deficit (i.e. during weight loss) and when undergoing physical training. However, what these studies show is that the impact of dietary protein on energy intake per se is quite unclear, and the effect relative to other effects of food on satiety, if it does exist is quite modest.While replacing ultra-processed foods with higher protein foods may reduce energy intake, this may be unrelated to protein's special satiating characteristics and more related to the fact that ultra-processed foods disproportionately encourage excess intake of energy/calories. In minimally processed diets, modifying protein % may produce little additional impact on satiety. To induce an energy deficit, it is usually not enough to add additional protein or attempt to replace food with protein shakes unless dietary quality is already poor. Other strategies are needed, and attempts should be made not merely to increase protein % but to actively reduce absolute energy intake. In other words, the protein:energy ratio (P/E ratio) as popularized by Ted Naiman's P:E diet is by no means magical and does not by itself necessarily have any substantial impact on weight loss.Part 2 will look at meta-analyses of the effects on weight loss of dietary protein % in long-term randomized controlled trials.The following studies were referenced in this episode:PMID: 21272705, 22022472, 23221572, 24760974, 25183991 (search for each of these numbers on PubMed to find the appropriate study)===Like, comment, subscribe.For more, find me at:PODCAST The Kevin Bass ShowYOUTUBE https://www.youtube.com/user/kbassphiladelphiaWEBSITE http://thedietwars.comTWITTER https://twitter.com/kevinnbass/https://twitter.com/healthmisinfo/INSTAGRAM https://instagram.com/kevinnbass/TIKTOK https://tiktok.com/@kevinnbassAnd above all, please donate to support what I do:PATREON https://patreon.com/kevinnbass/DONATE https://thedietwars.com/support-me/

It's Dr. Ben Bikman's third time on the Muscle Intelligence Podcast, and with good reason: Dr. Bikman's knowledge of human metabolism is matched by few.  He is among the world's foremost scientists on metabolic health and insulin resistance.  Much of Dr. Bikman's recent lab work is focused on the pathogenicity of chronically elevated insulin. On today's interview, Dr. Bikman breaks down the mechanisms behind optimizing the process of fat loss, debunks macronutrient myths, and reveals the truth about aging well. You'll learn: The MOST IMPORTANT fuel for the brain (and how to produce it in your body). Where the calories in/calories out model of weight loss can be invoked. The macronutrient you should prioritize at every meal, to optimize body composition. A simple, immediate lever you can pull to manage insulin levels. The ultimate longevity myths and the KEY to supporting your health as you age. Learn more from Dr. Bikman: Why We Get Sick Dr. Bikman's HLTH Code supplements: getHLTH.com - use code MUSCLE for 15% off Instagram @benbikmanphd Insulin vs Glucagon: The Relevance of Dietary Protein with Dr. Ben Bikman   Get the episode guide for full details of the knowledge shared in this episode.  If you're the type of person who enjoys helping others live happy, healthy lives, share this episode with at least one person.   ======   Thank you to today's show sponsor, Ned Full Spectrum Hemp Oil!  Muscle Intelligence listeners get 15% off with code MUSCLE at helloned.com/muscle. Ned's CBD is of the utmost highest quality.  These products are science-backed, nature-based solutions that offer an alternative to prescription and over-the-counter drugs.  Ned's full spectrum hemp oil nourishes the body's endocannabinoid system to offer functional support for stress, sleep, inflammation and balance.  ====== Thank you to today's sponsor, BiOptimizers Kapex!  Get 10% off at https://kenergize.com/muscle OR use code MUSCLE10 for 10% off EVERYTHING at https://bioptimizers.com Kapex boosts AMPK (an enzyme that promotes energy production) in muscles by 52% and fat cells by 300%.  It also ups ATP in your liver by 22%, which makes the liver better at ketogenesis and detoxification.  Kapex also works well to reduce "keto flu," activates anti-aging pathways, and can help with fat loss in tandem with diet and nutrition.

In Episode #10 I review the top 7 myths (8 if I counted all of them properly!) of the plant protein problem, and discuss what to do about it. The number 1 question most vegans and vegetarians get is, “where do you get your protein from?”. The top plant protein myths that I discuss include:- You need meat.  - Plants are a poor source of complete proteins and essential amino acids.- It's TOO difficult to get ENOUGH protein without eating meat. - You need to eat a lot of FAKE MEAT to get enough protein.    - Going meatless will cause ANEMIA from iron deficiency.- It's hard to build muscle and retain it while on a plant based diet.- Plant protein is going to cause LOW ENERGY and negatively impact your endurance exercises.- Plant “anti-nutrients” and soy protein creates inflammation and interferes with the benefits of protein.Resources:Mariotti F, Gardner CD. Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets-A Review. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2661. Published 2019 Nov 4. doi:10.3390/nu11112661Fanelli NS, Bailey HM, Thompson TW, Delmore R, Nair MN, Stein HH. Digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) is greater in animal-based burgers than in plant-based burgers if determined in pigs. Eur J Nutr. 2022;61(1):461-475. doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02658-1Craddock JC, Genoni A, Strutt EF, Goldman DM. Limitations with the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) with Special Attention to Plant-Based Diets: a Review. Curr Nutr Rep. 2021;10(1):93-98. doi:10.1007/s13668-020-00348-8Zheng J, Zhu T, Yang G, et al. The Isocaloric Substitution of Plant-Based and Animal-Based Protein in Relation to Aging-Related Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):272. Published 2022 Jan 9. doi:10.3390/nu14020272Gorissen SHM, Crombag JJR, Senden JMG, et al. Protein content and amino acid composition of commercially available plant-based protein isolates. Amino Acids. 2018;50(12):1685-1695. doi:10.1007/s00726-018-2640-5Nyakayiru J, Jonvik KL, Trommelen J, et al. Beetroot Juice Supplementation Improves High-Intensity Intermittent Type Exercise Performance in Trained Soccer Players. Nutrients. 2017;9(3):314. Published 2017 Mar 22. doi:10.3390/nu9030314Want to support the show? Help us by subscribing and leaving a review on Apple podcasts or wherever you listen to your podcasts. It only takes a few minutes and helps more people find the episodes.About your host: Dr. Travis Cox - BA, DC, MSc is a Doctor of Chiropractic with a focus on Functional Medicine and plant-based nutrition. He is the creator of PBandHealthy.com and host of the Plant-Based and Healthy podcast. Connect with him on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook @yourvegandoc #pbandhealthy. And remember, individuals inspire and communities create change!Audio credit: Thank you @katetrajanmusic for your lovely voice on the intro/outro and @craigritchiemusic for the super catchy music track for the intro/outro... many thanks!

Leveraging Dietary Protein * Why is protein needed? * What kind of protein? * How much? Why is Protein Needed? Obesity Prevention: The American diet tends to be high in carbohydrates and fats.  Excessive intake of these nutrients is driving an epidemic of obesity, diabetes, heart disease and cancer.  If protein intake is increased, it crowds out carbohydrates and fats and also makes you less hungry between meals.  The result, less obesity, heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Skeletal Health: Many adults don't have enough protein in their diet to support minimal health of the skeleton.  A diet low in protein cannot provide the amino acids necessary for all body systems.  The consequence?  Loss of muscle mass becomes a serious problem.  When you lose muscle, your risk of injury from falls increases.  For example, hip fractures are related to lower leg weakness (the result of reduced muscle mass).  Furthermore, normal spine shape depends on the muscles in the back to resist forward bending.  When muscles along the spine are lost, a forward bend in the  spine occurs, creating back pain and decreasing lung volume, which increases your risk of pneumonia or respiratory failure if you get sick.   Glucose Metabolism:  Beyond its importance for your skeleton, muscle plays a huge role in energy metabolism. Muscle in your skeleton is an essential consumer of glucose .  When you have less muscle, blood glucose gets out of control and the risk of diabetes increases.   CONCLUSION: We need protein for muscle health and all of its benefits. What Kind of Protein?  There are both plant and animal sources of protein.  Is one better than the other? A recent study from China points the the value of having dietary proteins from a wide range of plant and animal sources.  In this study,  people  who consumed protein from a wide variety of sources experienced fewer problems with high blood pressure.  CONCLUSIONI: Get Protein from Variety of Sources:   How much protein do you need?   The answer for people with regular intentional physical activity: 1 g of dietary protein for each kilogram of body weight.  So if you weigh 180 pounds (82 kg), you need 82 g of dietary protein each day.  Let's consider an average eating scenario to see if it will deliver this much. Breakfast: poultry egg x 2 (12 g) slice of whole wheat toast (3.6 g) sausage patties  x 2 (10 g) greek yogurt x 1 cup (16 g) blueberries 4 oz (0.5 g) Lunch: Flour tortilla (for taco) x 2 (8 g) chicken filling x 6 oz (52 g) spinach leaf x 2 (1 g) Dinner Salmon filet x 6 oz (34 g) brussel sprouts x 6 oz (1 g) dinner roll x 1 (2 g) Total: 140 g! If that a typical meal plan for you, then you can easily get 100 g of protein daily. If you are doing resistance exercise to build strength, you need more protein.  Studies indicate that you will need approximately 2 grams of dietary protein per kilogram of body weight to make strength gains.  That could be tough to do without inserting some concentrated protein shakes into your daily meal plan.   Summary: Dietary Protein Is Essential! A wide variety of protein is best for your health; You should aim to consume 1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight - double that if you are working to get stronger. Want to learn more?  Here are some references that will make interesting reading! Protein - Which is Best?  Hoffman et al, 2004 Dietary protein intake and human health.  Wu, 2016 Dietary Reference Intakes, NIH #backpocketdoc #affordableaccessiblecare Let's Talk About Your Health! All Posts Leveraging Dietary ProteinTake Control of Diabetes!Get Online Acne Treatment Now!What is Chronic Disease?

The Case:  Eliana is dealing with stubborn weight issues.  She's also experiencing bloating and weight gain around her period. She worked with several dieticians and found that a calorie restricted diet did reduce her weight but it wasn't sustainable and left her feeling tired.    The Investigation Eliana's challenge is a common one. Many women find that despite eating right and being active, they struggle with unexplained weight gain or an inability to lose weight. There are a lot of things that can cause weight gain or make weight loss very difficult. To find out what was the root of Eliana's weight loss mystery, we needed to explore the most common causes.  Esther Blum is an Integrative Dietitian and High-Performance Coach who has helped thousands of women permanently treat the root cause of their health struggles and find joy in their lives once again. Esther is the bestselling author of Cavewomen Don't Get Fat as well as The Eat, Drink, and Be Gorgeous Project.   Doing Everything With No Weight Loss Millions of people looking to lose weight often find themselves frustrated. So many of them feel like they're doing everything they can by eating clear, reducing calories, and exercising regularly but they can't lose weight. In fact, despite their best efforts, some even gain weight. This is because weight loss is more complex than just calories in and calories out.  Esther Blum shares the most common 5 culprits when someone can't lose weight.   Estrogen Dominance. Your hormones may be the reason you can't lose weight, specifically estrogen dominance. Estrogen dominance can take place in your body during different times in your life. It happens when your progesterone bottoms out and the estrogen is chronically elevated. Aside from age-related hormone shifts, there are several other potential causes of estrogen dominance:  Stress Gut Inflammation Poor Detoxification Pathways Extra Weight Constipation Estrogen-based Birth Control (NuvaRing or the pill) Xenoestrogen Exposure (through some beauty products, cleaning products, perfumes, and plastics) Symptoms of Estrogen Dominance. Aside from the difficulty to lose weight, there are many symptoms to look for. In men, it might be ‘man boobs'. In women, it could be heavy, painful periods, ,longer cycles, water retention and headaches around the menstrual cycle.  Testing for Estrogen Dominance. The most common test for determining estrogen dominance is the DUTCH test. This is a urine test that shows hormone levels and can be used to track progress as you work toward getting out of estrogen dominance.  Supporting Estrogen Dominance. The key is to determine the root cause of the dominance and work on that. It might mean hormone replacement therapy, shifting diet and lifestyle, opening up detoxification pathways, and/or taking supplements like DIM (Diindolylmethane).    Adrenal Dysfunction. Adrenal dysfunction is often caused by chronically elevated cortisol levels. This can be brought on by chronic stress, poor sleep, low or high blood sugar, and/or environmental toxins.Symptoms of Adrenal Dysfunction: Exhaustion Insomnia or Poor Sleep Feeling Frazzled or Burnt Out Skipping or Doing Ineffective Workouts Supporting Adrenal Dysfunction. The main way to treat adrenal dysfunction and get the adrenals balanced again is through lifestyle changes and getting stress levels down with self-care and stress releasing practices. There are some supplements and adaptogenic herbs that may help, including:  Ashwagandha Holy Basil Tulsi Tea Phos Serine It's also important to get to the root cause of the stress and address that.    Toxins / Low Thyroid. Exposure to certain toxins can cause the thyroid to underperform. When this happens, the metabolism slows down and it can be very difficult to lose weight. Common toxins that can contribute to this include: Molds Heavy Metals Goitrogenic Chemicals  Diagnosing and Treating Toxin Triggered Low Thyroid The best way to detect toxins in the system is through a urine metabolite test. Blood tests will provide a picture of the thyroid. Treating the thyroid may require medication however, bringing down toxins like mercury could shift the need for thyroid medication. Detoxing mercury can be done through chelation, glutathione-vitamin C IV therapy, and also through specific detoxification protocols. Infrared saunas and epsom salt baths are also good for the detoxification process.    High Stress & Insomnia An inability to sleep and having high stress can be a bit of a vicious circle when it comes to weight loss. A lack of sleep can contribute to weight gain (and make weight loss difficult) because it affects blood sugar, cortisol levels, and causes the body to store fat while breaking down muscle. The key is to determine the root cause of the insomnia. Common causes include: Stress Arguments Before Bed Poor Sleep Hygiene Doing Cardio Too Close to Bedtime Eating or Drinking Too Close to Bedtime Eating Insufficient Amounts of Dietary Protein   Gut Dysfunction and Parasites You need a healthy gut to lose weight. Your gut health can be affected by inflammation and leaky gut syndrome (which can lead to nutritional deficiencies even if you eat healthy). Another way the body gets robbed of nutrition is when you are harboring a parasite. Many think that parasites only come from third-world countries but they can be found on food in North America and can also come from restaurant employees not washing their hands. H. Pylori is also a consideration because it can cause real issues with digestion including gas, bloating, heartburn, acid reflux, and low digestive enzymes and stomach acid.  Some easy ways to increase digestive enzymes are to chew food more thoroughly, drink a celery and aloe smoothie before breakfast, and avoid eating in a hurry or while distracted.    Conclusion If you are struggling to lose weight and you know you're eating well and moving enough, one of these 5 causes might be at play. Be sure to check with a functional medicine doctor or practitioner to find out.  As for Eliana, I looked at her thyroid, hormones, toxins, GI, and lifestyle to see which areas needed support. Her thyroid was all good but when we ran a DUTCH test to look at her hormones, we found our answer.  Her less favorable estrogen (4-hydroxy) was high.  We also did a heavy metal test and found mercury.    Next Steps We used DIM along with Calcium-D Glucarate. We also used BroccoProtect by Designs for Health.  To help reduce the mercury in her system we did a Push Catch Detox and she took Glutathione for 6 months.  While she was taking these supplements, we also worked on improving some of her lifestyle routines.   After 3 months, she was feeling better but the weight has not moved a ton. We had one more area to address still and that was her gut. We did a stool test and discovered dysbiosis (there weren't enough good bugs and too many bad bugs in her microbiome. She also had low digestive enzymes.) Eliana worked on chewing better, and we made sure she was getting enough pre-biotics and probiotics to support her gut health.   Happy Ending Eliana lost 5 pounds after we started supporting her gut, and lost another 10 the next month!    Eliminating Health Mysteries For Eliana we were able to find that missing piece of the health puzzle and help her lose that stubborn weight. Could one of these 5 causes be the missing clue for you or someone in your life?    Links: Resources mentioned Thanks to my guest Esther Blum.  You can connect with on Instagram, book a call with her or access her free training through her website.  You may also be interested in her books.    Suggested Products DIM  Calcium-D BroccoProtect  Push Catch Detox Related Podcast Episodes:   The Case of Hidden Mold w/ Dr. Tim Jackson The Case of Mercury Fillings w/ Dr. Kourosh Maddahi The Case of Bloating, Gas, and Irregular Bowel Movements Thanks for Listening If you like what you heard, please rate and review this podcast. Every piece of feedback not only helps me create better shows, it helps more people find this important information.   Never miss an episode -  Subscribe NOW to Health Mysteries Solved with host, Inna Topiler on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher or Google Podcasts and remember to rate and review the show! Find out more at http://healthmysteriessolved.com PLEASE NOTE All information, content, and material on this podcast is for informational purposes only and is not intended to serve as a substitute for the consultation, diagnosis, and/or medical treatment of a qualified physician or healthcare provider. Some of the links provided are affiliate links. This means we may make a very small amount of money should you choose to buy after clicking on them. This will in no way affect the price of the product but it helps us a tiny bit in covering our expenses.

Hi friends!! This episode is part of the special Protein Series we are featuring this summer with some of the TOP experts in the world on protein! Every week we will be playing the BEST of episodes on protein that you may have missed including Dr. Stu Phillips, Dr. Ted Naiman, Dr. Jose Antonio, Dr. Don Layman (his first episode on Fast Keto) and more! It will also include some of the episodes that I have done on my high protein experiment as I still get a LOT of questions on this! Stuart Phillips obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo in Human Physiology in 1995. He joined McMaster University in 1999 and is currently a full Professor in the Department of Kinesiology and School of Medicine at McMaster University. He is Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Skeletal Muscle Health. He is also the Director of the McMaster Centre for Nutrition, Exercise, and Health Research and the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence. Dr. Phillips has authored more than 200 original research papers and 75 reviews. In 2018 and 2019, he was named to Clarivate's Highly Cited Researchers list as a being in the top 1% of all cited researchers in nutrition and exercise research. Dr. Phillips is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Follow @ketogenicgirl on Instagram to see visuals and posts mentioned on this podcast. Try the FREE calorie & macro calculator HERE Get Your FREE ebook on keto here: https://www.ketogenicgirl.com/pages/free-ebook Try the High Protein Keto Meal Plans & Coaching: https://www.ketogenicgirl.com Special thank you to Fast Keto sponsors: Try Proper Good's new Keto line of Soups! They are made with good for you ingredients and fit your keto macros! Easy, portable and ready to eat in just 90 minutes! Use the code KETOGENIC15 for 15% off your order at www.eatpropergood.com - Try Athletic Greens! ONE tasty scoop of Athletic Greens contains 75 vitamins, minerals and whole food-sourced ingredients, including a multivitamin, multimineral, probiotic, greens superfood blend and more, that all work together to fill the nutritional gaps in your diet, increase energy and focus, aid with digestion and supports a healthy immune system, all without the need to take multiple products or pills. Visit www.athleticgreens.com/ketogenicgirl and join health experts, athletes and health conscious go-getters around the world who make a daily commitment to their health every day. Again, simply visit www.athleticgreens.com/ketogenicgirl and get your FREE year supply of Vitamin D and 5 free travel packs today. Pregnant or nursing women should seek professional medical advice before taking this or any other dietary supplement. - Prior to beginning a ketogenic diet you should undergo a health screening with your physician to confirm that a ketogenic diet is suitable for you and to rule out any conditions and contraindications that may pose risks or are incompatible with a ketogenic diet, including by way of example: conditions affecting the kidneys, liver or pancreas; muscular dystrophy; pregnancy; breast-feeding; being underweight; eating disorders; any health condition that requires a special diet [other conditions or contraindications]; hypoglycemia; or type 1 diabetes. A ketogenic diet may or may not be appropriate if you have type 2 diabetes, so you must consult with your physician if you have this condition. Anyone under the age of 18 should consult with their physician and their parents or legal guardian before beginning such a diet]. Use of Ketogenic Girl videos are subject to the Ketogenicgirl.com Terms of Use and Medical Disclaimer. All rights reserved. If you do not agree with these terms, do not listen to, or view any Ketogenic Girl podcasts or videos.  

Perhaps you and/or your loved one with Parkinson's disease have read about protein intake and possible interactions with dopamine therapy. You may have read articles recommending a diet low in protein if you have Parkinson's disease. On this episode, I discuss the facts and science behind dietary protein intake and Parkinson's disease. I discuss proper timing of levodopa or dopamine therapy and protein intake. I present some cases from my clinic illustrating these concepts. As a care partner or caregiver, it is important to be familiar with proper protein intake and timing of medication around protein intake to help your loved one achieve the most from their medication and find stability and consistency in the benefits of their medication dosing. The Parkinson's disease Caring Podcast is produced and hosted by Dr. Kevin Klos. Please visit www.pdcaring.com for more resources and information. 

Episode 162 of the Institute of Performance Nutrition's "We Do Science" podcast! In this episode, I (Laurent Bannock) discuss "Protein and Weight Loss in Exercisers & Athletes" with Professor Kevin Tipton (The Institute of Performance Nutrition, UK).Discussion Topics Include:Overview of the concept of weight loss, energy balance, caloric restriction and impact on training adaptations and performanceGeneral weight loss vs quality weight loss: importance of body composition focussed strategiesOptimal protein intake during caloric restriction in elite athletesHow much protein?Protein timing and quality: does it matter?Protein supplements: value and practicality beyond a "first first approach"Podcast Episode Transcript: Download PDF CopyKey Paper(s) Discussed / Referred to:Protein Recommendations for Weight Loss in Elite Athletes: A Focus on Body Composition and PerformanceRecent Advances in the Characterization of Skeletal Muscle andWhole-Body ProteinResponses to Dietary Protein and Exercise during Negative Energy BalanceRelated Podcast Episodes:#153 - "Muscle Protein Synthesis and Response to Exercise & Nutrition" with Professor Kevin Tipton#152 - "Making Weight in Combat Sports" with Dr Carl Langan-Evans and Joseph Matthews PhD(c)#145 - "Nighttime Feeding: Impact on Body Composition & Performance" with Michael Ormsbee PhD#100 - 'Diets and Body Composition' with Alan Aragon MS and Brad Schoenfeld PhD#77 - 'Body Composition & Assessment' with Shawn Arent PhDCheck out our other podcasts, publications, events, and professional education programs for current and aspiring sports nutritionists at www.TheIOPN.com and follow our social media outputs via @TheIOPN

INTRODUCTION TO EPISODE #5 In this episode, I talked to Melanie Betz, a registered dietitian who is board certified in renal nutrition and works in the nephrology department at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Melanie is passionate about helping people with kidney stones and Chronic Kidney Disease understand that healthy eating does not have to be complicated and can be delicious! Her research interests include ways to increase patient knowledge and adherence to healthy eating, frailty and ways to reduce risk for poor health outcomes in older adults, and plant-based diets. In her free time, she enjoys cooking, yoga, wine tasting and cheering on her Michigan State Spartans! She also volunteers with the National Kidney Foundation of Illinois and the Healthy Aging Dietetic Practice Group. Check out Melanie’s blog here or connect with her on Instagram, Facebook or Twitter! Melanie and I talked about the effects of dietary protein on kidney stone formation, as well as the effects of sugar intake. In addition, Melanie also took the time to answer some questions from the Low Oxalate Kitchen Facebook group. If you liked this episode, please let us know! SHOW NOTES [02:03] How Melanie got into nutrition and dietetics [05:05] Transitioning into nephrology [07:20] Research that Melanie is involved in [09:14] Urine chemistry basics – supersaturation and pH [13:25] Recommendations for daily water intake [16:23] “Alkaline diets” and Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) [21:01] Protein and the formation and prevention of kidney stones [30:00] Recommendations for not overdoing it on dietary protein [32:42] Protein and oxalate production in the liver [33:03] Protein, purines, and kidney stones [38:30] Sugar and kidney stone formation [44:50] Low oxalate lists [48:39] Low oxalate snack ideas [52:46] How dietary phosphorous affects blood and urine phosphorous [53:41] What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [54:34] Vitamin D’s affect on urine calcium and kidney stones [57:10] General recommendations for protein with PKD, MSK [62:40] Tips for maintaining a low oxalate diet   LINKS The Kidney Dietitian – Melanie’s Blog Melanie’s Instagram Melanie’s Facebook Page Kidney Healthy Recipes Michigan State University Rush University Dietetics University of Chicago Medical Center Melanie’s Publications and Presentations What is supersaturation? What is PRAL & How Does it Affect Kidneys? 24 Hour Urine Collection – LithoLink Harvard Oxalate List Melanie’s version of Harvard Oxalate List Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) Medullary sponge kidney (MSK)

What's more important for weight loss: exercise or protein? We take on this topic in this special episode of JIMMY RANTS on The LLVLC Show Episode 1658. “I’m becoming more and more convinced that protein intake is more important than we’ve thought thus far.” – Jimmy Moore Are you one of those people who is fearful of consuming a higher amount of protein in your diet? Then you’ll be pleased to hear about a brand new study that was published in the journal Nutrients in June 2020 called “Effects of Dietary Protein on Body Composition in Exercising Individuals” that finds protein and resistance training exercise work in tandem to promote fat loss, muscle gain, bone support, and more. This is a very important study that everyone in the ketogenic world needs to see ASAP! Listen in today as Jimmy tackles this tricky topic of protein intake on a ketogenic diet and why in some cases your intake needs might vary.

Dietary Protein..it’s one of the most important topics when it comes to aesthetics, and more importantly, making some added improvements to it. However, there can be some myths and misconceptions surrounding it. In today's episode, Julian sits down with Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialists and Nutritionist, Danny Matranga, as they sift through some of the myths and misconceptions surrounding dietary protein intake and tips for preserving muscle mass, and maintaining athletic/ strength qualities during this pandemic.TALKING POINTS:Myths:More Protein= More MusclePost workout is where protein ingestion should be prioritizedTiming doesn’t matterPlant protein is equal to animal proteinBCAA’s are the best intra-workout supplement Excess protein turns to fatHigh-protein diets are bad for you, especially your kidneysWhy is it important to get enough protein in our diets?How much do we need? What about women? Are there any tips for those struggling to get enough dietary protein within their nutrition plans? What about high-level athletes? Is there a difference in how much they should be ingesting?Valuable tips for maintaining muscle mass and athletic/ strength qualities during the pandemic. Lightening Round Questions:What are some things you wished you had known when you first started out in this profession?What are you currently most curious about right now in the health/wellness/fitness industry?What is something you failed at as a health/wellness professional, but learned from it?Is there anything I should’ve asked, but didn’t?Don't forget to follow for more free content!!Danny MatrangaIG: https://www.instagram.com/danny.matranga/?hl=enTwitter: https://twitter.com/coachdannym?lang=enPodcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dynamic-dialogue-with-danny-matranga/id1502403282Julian Lo CastoIG: https://www.instagram.com/julianlocasto/Twitter: https://twitter.com/JulianLoCasto

Stuart Phillips obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo in Human Physiology in 1995. He joined McMaster University in 1999 and is currently a full Professor in the Department of Kinesiology and School of Medicine at McMaster University. He is Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Skeletal Muscle Health. He is also the Director of the McMaster Centre for Nutrition, Exercise, and Health Research and the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence. Dr. Phillips has authored more than 200 original research papers and 75 reviews. In 2018 and 2019, he was named to Clarivate’s Highly Cited Researchers list as a being in the top 1% of all cited researchers in nutrition and exercise research. Dr. Phillips is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Get Your FREE ebook on Keto Reset by Vanessa Spina, SNS https://www.ketogenicgirl.com/pages/free-ebook Try the 28 Day Ketogenic Girl Challenge: https://www.ketogenicgirl.com Special thank you to Fast Keto sponsors: Try BLUBLOX Blue Light Blocking Glasses! Use the code “FASTKETO” to save 15% on all glasses at https://www.blublox.com/ - To help out, BiOptimizers is giving away a free bottle of their patented proteolytic probiotic P3-OM until the end of this month. This is truly a generous offer! Go to www.p3om.com/fastketofree . You will automatically get access to your unique coupon code to claim your free bottle. This is limited to one per household and this offer is only available at www.p3om.com/fastketofree Prior to beginning a new diet you should undergo a health screening with your physician to confirm that a ketogenic diet is suitable for you and to rule out any conditions and contraindications that may pose risks or are incompatible, including by way of example: conditions affecting the kidneys, liver or pancreas; muscular dystrophy; pregnancy; breast-feeding; being underweight; eating disorders; any health condition that requires a special diet [other conditions or contraindications]; hypoglycemia; or type 1 diabetes. A ketogenic diet may or may not be appropriate if you have type 2 diabetes, so you must consult with your physician if you have this condition. Anyone under the age of 18 should consult with their physician and their parents or legal guardian before beginning such a diet]. Use of Ketogenic Girl media are subject to the Ketogenicgirl.com Terms of Use and Medical Disclaimer. All rights reserved. If you do not agree with these terms, do not listen to, or view any Ketogenic Girl podcasts or videos.  

Talk to a Dr. Berg Keto Consultant today and get the help you need on your journey (free consultation). Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Keto, Intermittent Fasting or the use of Dr. Berg products. Consultants are available Monday through Friday from 8:30 am to 9 pm EST. Saturday & Sunday 9 am to 5 pm EST. USA Only. Join my FREE 30-Day Low-Carb, No-Cheat Challenge Here! http://bit.ly/30-DayKetoChallenge Take the Free Keto Mini-Course: https://bit.ly/2Cpb03l Download Keto Essentials https://m.me/drericberg?ref=w2128577 Take Dr. Berg's Advanced Evaluation Quiz: http://bit.ly/EvalQuiz Essential Amino Acids: https://shop.drberg.com/keto-essentia... In this podcast, we're going to cover protein and muscle loss. How much dietary protein do you need to avoid muscle loss? RDA - the recommended dietary allowance for protein is .8g of protein per kg or .36 times your pounds. For example, I weigh 185, so I would do .36 times 185, which is 67g of protein I should have per day. However, there are many problems with the above recommendation. It might be shocking, but a small portion of the protein you eat actually turns into muscle or body tissue. For example, 100g (or 3 oz) of steak only provides 25g of actual protein. If someone exercises intensely, that could affect the amount of protein they need. But the quality of protein is also important—especially since certain proteins do not turn into body tissue at any significant level. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. FACEBOOK: fb.me/DrEricBerg?utm_source=Podcast TWITTER: http://twitter.com/DrBergDC?utm_source=Podcast YOUTUBE: http://www.youtube.com/user/drericberg123?utm_source=Podcast DR. BERG'S SHOP: https://shop.drberg.com/?utm_source=Podcast MESSENGER: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg?utm_source=Podcast DR. BERG'S VIDEO BLOG: https://www.drberg.com/blog?utm_source=Podcast

#004 - This episode takes a look at one of the three essential macronutrients, Protein.  We discuss Jesus and his sources of protein.  Did Jesus eat meat and if so, what type of meat did he eat?  Plant-based sources of protein.  The recommended dietary daily allowance.  Is it possible to eat too much protein?  We also discuss the age old question, " If you are a vegetarian, how do you get your protein?"  Is animal protein the best source to consume to maintain good health?   Join us as we consider a unique perspective on proteins.  Happy-Music by Aden.  Comment:  http://veganemagination.com/protein .  

Q&A #72 - Hill repeats and long runs; Protein for endurance athletes What are the different kinds of hill workouts to incorporate in running?  At what point in a workout should hill repeats be done?  Can hill repeats be combined with a long run? What's the reasoning behind the recommendation of aiming for higher than research-backed amounts of daily protein intake?    LINKS AND RESOURCES: That Triathlon Show website  Coaching Training Plans Improve your running speed, endurance, and performance with Pete Magill | EP#203 Injury prevention and rehabilitation with James Debenham, PhD | EP#209 Nutrition Strategies for Triathlon - Louise Burke ACSM Position Statement: Nutrition and Athletic Performance Mettler S, Mitchell N, Tipton KD. Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2010; 42(2): 326–337. Phillips SM, Van Loon LJ. Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2011; 29(Suppl 1): S29–38. Witard OC, Garthe I, Phillips SM. Dietary Protein for Training Adaptation and Body Composition Manipulation in Track and Field Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019 Feb 25:1-10. Epub ahead of print Phillips SM, Chevalier S, Leidy HJ. Protein "requirements" beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(5):565-72.   SPONSORS: Precision Hydration - One-size doesn't fit all when it comes to hydration. Take Precision Hydration's FREE sweat test and learn how you should hydrate. Use the discount code THATTRIATHLONSHOW15 to get 15% off your order OR use the code THATTRIATHLONSHOW and get your first box for free.   ROKA - The finest triathlon wetsuits, apparel, equipment, and eyewear on the planet. Trusted by Javier Gómez, Gwen Jorgensen, Flora Duffy, Mario Mola, Lucy Charles and others. Visit roka.com/tts for 20% off your order.   RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing.    CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

SHR # 2398 :: Dispelling Myths About Dietary Protein - Dr. Jose Antonio - Myths about protein seem to never go away. Is 30 grams the most the body can digest in a singe meal? Does high protein damage your kidneys? What about bone minerals? Is plant-based protein as effective as animal protein? How much protein do you really need to build lean muscle? I ask the most trusted person in this space these and other questions related to protein intake and its effects on the human body.

SHR # 2398 :: Dispelling Myths About Dietary Protein - Dr. Jose Antonio - Myths about protein seem to never go away. Is 30 grams the most the body can digest in a singe meal? Does high protein damage your kidneys? What about bone minerals? Is plant-based protein as effective as animal protein? How much protein do you really need to build lean muscle? I ask the most trusted person in this space these and other questions related to protein intake and its effects on the human body.

We are back after a 2 week wedding hiatus and we have some great articles for you all this week! Aquaman (Jason Mamoa) has been fat shamed for his out of shape (LOL) beach bod, and we discuss the benefits of prison workouts. We also chat veganism and whether eating insects is a viable option for our health and the environment. Thank you for listening and, if you enjoyed today's episode, please do leave us a review! All the best, Michael & Jason

Our guest today Dr. Stuart Phillips, a professor of kinesiology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, who is best known for his research into muscle health and the benefits of dietary protein. Stu is the director of the McMaster Physical Activity Centre of Excellence, a state-of-the-art exercise research and training center. It is devoted to studying and improving the health and well-being of older adults as well as people with chronic diseases and disabilities. In addition to his work in the kinesiology department at McMaster, Stu is adjunct professor in the university’s School of Medicine. He is a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine and the American College of Nutrition. He received the New Investigator Award from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Ontario Premier's Research Excellence Award, and the Young Investigator Award from Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology.  In today’s interview we discuss:  [00:08:19] Dawn introduces the importance of dietary protein and its role in muscle health, and tissue regeneration more generally, which makes it one of the only macro nutrients we need on a daily basis. [00:10:59] A recent study (2017) showed that whole eggs promoted a greater amount of muscle protein synthesis than egg whites, suggesting that there may be benefits to the extra nutrients found in the egg yolk. [00:12:53] Why Stu believes the recommended daily allowance for protein is too low. [00:14:06] The differences between animal and plant-based protein. [00:16:31] The phenomenon of muscle synthesis (anabolism) and catabolism. [00:17:54] Highlights of the recent findings coming out of Kevin Tipton’s group which indicates that the dose-response relationship may depend on the amount of muscle tissue that was recruited during exercise, with the ingestion of 40 g protein further increasing muscle protein. [00:20:43]A 2013 paper from Stu’s group titled, “Dose-dependent responses of myofibrillar protein synthesis with beef ingestion are enhanced with resistance exercise in middle-aged men.” [00:27:52] Stu’s thoughts on the recommendation of pre-sleep protein feeding. [00:37:52] An overview of the Physical Activity Centre of Excellence, a state-of-the-art, exercise research and training lab at McMaster. [00:43:37] The importance of maintaining healthy functional muscle mass and function as we move into middle and later life. [00:46:56] Stu’s paper,  “Muscle Disuse as a Pivotal Problem in Sarcopenia-Related Muscle Loss and Dysfunction.” [00:50:25] The need to add more protein to our diets as we get older, which is something that Dr. Valter Longo discussed on episode 64 of STEM-Talk. [00:56:24 How fasting affects muscle protein turnover, which were topics covered in episode 7 of STEM-Talk, an interview with Mark Mattson, and episode 79, which was an interview with Satchin Panda, author of the “The Circadian Code.” [00:57:32] Whether a ketogenic diet with sufficient protein would in any way be detrimental to muscle mass. [01:05:47] Stu’s thoughts on a study that was conducted on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine that found supplementation with HMB failed to enhance body composition to a greater extent than a placebo. Show notes [0:02:51] Stu talks about being born in the UK but growing up in Canada. [00:03:09] Dawn asks about Stu’s passions for all kinds of sports as a kid. [00:03:27] Stu recalls his high school science teacher, who was responsible for getting him interested in biology and chemistry. [00:03:44] Dawn asks what led Stu to choose McMaster University after high school. [00:04:19] Ken brings up that Stu was captain of the Ruby team his senior year, and while it looked as though he was headed to a great season, things didn’t turn out as planned. He asks how that season led to Stu’s decision to focus on nutritional biochemistry. [00:05:16] Stu explains how he ended up at Waterloo University to...

We’re kicking this new show off by asking seemingly basic questions about diet and nutrition. First up, “What is (dietary) protein anyway?" After a quick catch up session, we talk through the “facts” of what we think we know about this question – which, of course raises even more questions like... How much protein do you really need? What’s a complete protein? How many essential amino acids are there? Then, we bring in Eric Helms, PhD. to give us the low down. Eric has a BS in fitness and wellness, an MS in exercise science, a second masters in sports nutrition, a PhD in strength and conditioning, and is a research fellow for AUT at the Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand. Our ideas about the question start around 10:10. Eric runs down the facts starting at around 20:25. Huge thanks to Eric for being our expert. You can find him at 3DMuscleJourney.com and on Instagram: @helms3dmj Hosted by Mike Farr (@silentmikke) and Jim McDonald (@thejimmcd). Produced by Jim McDonald Production assistance by Connor O’Neal.

In this passionate podcast, I want to promote the need to stop the bashing that is going on around all the different styles and WOEs that are out there, and talk about how we can come together, perhaps maybe even support each other, even so far as helping each other no matter what our WOE. I divulge that perhaps Nutrition is only 1/3 of human physiology and biology, and there are many other factors of life that make up the 2/3rds we should REALLY focus our attention on. Rather than trying to be "right", let's choose to appreciate our diversity and come together on what really matters with human physiology that we have FORGOTTEN ABOUT. I think I might blow your mind with what I have to say. In a good way.... Please consider joining me at www.patreon.com/jodelle for more exclusive content you won't find here. And please join me @getfitwithjodelle on IG, and @jodellefit on Twitter. And my website, where you can find lots of coaching options, www.getfitwithjodelle.com Also, Below you will find the links to the studies I've cited. Studies on protein and meat based diets: https://academic.oup.com/aje/advance-... Dietary Protein and Preservation of Physical Functioning Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in the Framingham Offspring Study This study demonstrates that dietary protein intakes above the current RDA may slow functional decline in older adults. And the big myth that meat causes heart disease, Georgia Edes, a prominent researcher helps us understand the truth behind this myth as well… http://www.diagnosisdiet.com/all-meat... - studies on vegetarians and vegans - Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: findings from the Adventist cohorts. “Vegetarian diets confer protection against cardiovascular diseases, cardiometabolic risk factors, some cancers and total mortality. Compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, vegan diets seem to offer additional protection for obesity, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality. Males experience greater health benefits than females.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... Vegan triple-ironman (raw vegetables/fruits). “The vegan athlete showed no signs of dietary deficiencies or impaired health. In comparison with the control group, the vegan athlete showed a higher oxygen intake at the respiratory compensation point. This case demonstrates that even top-class sporting performance, like that of a three-time Ironman, is possible on a vegan diet. Whether a vegan diet offers advantages or disadvantages for the performance of endurance athletes remains an open question.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. “This comprehensive meta-analysis reports a significant protective effect of a vegetarian diet versus the incidence and/or mortality from ischemic heart disease (-25%) and incidence from total cancer (-8%). Vegan diet conferred a significant reduced risk (-15%) of incidence from total cancer.” What about Both? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... Isocaloric Diets High in Animal or Plant Protein Reduce Liver Fat and Inflammation in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. In a prospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes, we found diets high in protein (either animal or plant) significantly reduced liver fat independently of body weight, and reduced markers of insulin resistance and hepatic necroinflammation. The diets appear to mediate these changes via lipolytic and lipogenic pathways in adipose tissue

In this passionate podcast, I want to promote the need to stop the bashing that is going on around all the different styles and WOEs that are out there, and talk about how we can come together, perhaps maybe even support each other, even so far as helping each other no matter what our WOE. I divulge that perhaps Nutrition is only 1/3 of human physiology and biology, and there are many other factors of life that make up the 2/3rds we should REALLY focus our attention on. Rather than trying to be "right", let's choose to appreciate our diversity and come together on what really matters with human physiology that we have FORGOTTEN ABOUT. I think I might blow your mind with what I have to say. In a good way.... Please consider joining me at www.patreon.com/jodelle for more exclusive content you won't find here. And please join me @getfitwithjodelle on IG, and @jodellefit on Twitter. And my website, where you can find lots of coaching options, www.getfitwithjodelle.com Also, Below you will find the links to the studies I've cited. Studies on protein and meat based diets: https://academic.oup.com/aje/advance-... Dietary Protein and Preservation of Physical Functioning Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in the Framingham Offspring Study This study demonstrates that dietary protein intakes above the current RDA may slow functional decline in older adults. And the big myth that meat causes heart disease, Georgia Edes, a prominent researcher helps us understand the truth behind this myth as well… http://www.diagnosisdiet.com/all-meat... - studies on vegetarians and vegans - Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: findings from the Adventist cohorts. “Vegetarian diets confer protection against cardiovascular diseases, cardiometabolic risk factors, some cancers and total mortality. Compared to lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, vegan diets seem to offer additional protection for obesity, hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular mortality. Males experience greater health benefits than females.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... Vegan triple-ironman (raw vegetables/fruits). “The vegan athlete showed no signs of dietary deficiencies or impaired health. In comparison with the control group, the vegan athlete showed a higher oxygen intake at the respiratory compensation point. This case demonstrates that even top-class sporting performance, like that of a three-time Ironman, is possible on a vegan diet. Whether a vegan diet offers advantages or disadvantages for the performance of endurance athletes remains an open question.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies. “This comprehensive meta-analysis reports a significant protective effect of a vegetarian diet versus the incidence and/or mortality from ischemic heart disease (-25%) and incidence from total cancer (-8%). Vegan diet conferred a significant reduced risk (-15%) of incidence from total cancer.” What about Both? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... Isocaloric Diets High in Animal or Plant Protein Reduce Liver Fat and Inflammation in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. In a prospective study of patients with type 2 diabetes, we found diets high in protein (either animal or plant) significantly reduced liver fat independently of body weight, and reduced markers of insulin resistance and hepatic necroinflammation. The diets appear to mediate these changes via lipolytic and lipogenic pathways in adipose tissue

Is dietary protein good or bad for your bones? Dr. Karl Insogna’s research focused on answering this question and investigates the factors that put women at a greater risk for osteoporosis.

Interview with George A. Bray, MD, author of Effect of Dietary Protein Content on Weight Gain, Energy Expenditure, and Body Composition During Overeating: A Randomized Controlled Trial