Podcast appearances and mentions of Joseph Priestley

Nitrous oxide, also sometimes known as “laughing gas,” is used in medicine for its sedative and anesthetic (pain prevention) properties. Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, and multidisciplinary scholar, first synthesized nitrous oxide, which has the chemical formula N2O, in 1772. After Priestley's initial discovery of this substance, fellow chemist Humphry Davy performed various tests on the substance, including breathing the gas alone, with oxygen, and with air. Through this testing, it became clear that nitrous oxide had psychogenic properties, including as a sedative and anesthetic (pain-preventer). At first, nitrous oxide was not used for its medicinal properties; it was sold recreationally as “laughing gas.” However, it was established for use in dentistry in the mid-1860s to relieve discomfort from tooth extractions and other painful dental procedures. By the 1880s, it was used for anesthesia during labor and childbirth. Today, nitrous oxide is still used in dentistry, during labor and childbirth, as well as in emergency medicine. When used medicinally, nitrous oxide is delivered with 30-70% oxygen so a person is never breathing in 100% nitrous oxide. Breathing in 100% nitrous oxide displaces oxygen from the lungs and can result in asphyxiation, damage the body's organs, and even death. Nitrous oxide is sometimes misused recreationally for its euphoric, pleasurable and hallucinogenic effects. However, inhaling nitrous oxide outside of medical settings can be dangerous and even deadly, particularly when used heavily. Although it's not common, repeated use of inhalants like nitrous oxide and whippets can also result in addiction, or substance use disorder. (CREDITS)

QUOTES FOR REFLECTION“…wisdom is the spring of joy, for the joy breaks out whenever and wherever the Creator's wisdom is exercised.”~Derek Kidner (1913-2008), British Old Testament scholar “You are happy when God blesses you, but not as happy as God is.”~C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892), famed London preacher “People don't get depressed when they face threats collectively; they get depressed when they feel isolated, lonely, or useless.”~Jonathan Haidt in The Anxious Generation “To me there is in happiness an element of self-forgetfulness. You lose yourself in something outside yourself when you are happy; just as when you are desperately miserable you are intensely conscious of yourself, are a solid little lump of ego weighing a ton.”~Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), English chemist, philosopher, and educator “There cannot be done so great an injury and displeasure to almighty God our Father, as to tread underfoot Christ, His only-begotten and well-beloved Son. All other sins in the world, gathered together in one, be not so heinous and detestable in the sight of God. And no wonder, for in Christ crucified, God doth show Himself most noble and glorious, even an almighty God, and most loving Father, in His only dear and chosen blessed Son. And therefore I count myself one of the most wicked and miserable sinners, because I have been so much contrary to Christ my Savior…. “But, now, what maketh me so bold and hardy, to presume to come to the Lord with such audacity and boldness, being so great a sinner? Truly, nothing but His own Word: for He saith, ‘Come to me all ye that labor, and are burdened, and I shall refresh you.' What gentle, merciful, and comfortable words are these, to all sinners! What a most gracious, comfortable, and gentle saying was this, with such pleasant and sweet words to allure His enemies to come unto Him! Is there any worldly prince or magistrate that would show such clemency and mercy to their disobedient and rebellious subjects…? I suppose they would not with such words allure them…. But even as Christ is Prince of Princes and Lord of Lords, so His charity and mercy surmounteth all others.”~Katharine Parr, the final wife of Henry VIII, in “Lamentations of a Sinner” “Only the unconditional love of God for sinners will inspire sinners to love God more than their sin.”~Dr. John Ashley Null, English Reformation scholarSERMON PASSAGEProverbs 8 (ESV)1 Does not wisdom call?  Does not understanding raise her voice?2 On the heights beside the way,  at the crossroads she takes her stand;3 beside the gates in front of the town,  at the entrance of the portals she cries aloud: 4  “To you, O men, I call,  and my cry is to the children of man….22 “The Lord possessed me  at the beginning of his work,  the first of his acts of old.23 Ages ago I was set up,  at the first, before the beginning of the earth.24 When there were no depths I was brought forth,  when there were no springs abounding with water.25 Before the mountains had been shaped,  before the hills, I was brought forth,26 before he had made the earth with its fields,  or the first of the dust of the world.27 When he established the heavens, I was there;  when he drew a circle on the face of the deep,28 when he made firm the skies above,  when he established the fountains of the deep,29 when he assigned to the sea its limit,  so that the waters might not transgress his command,  when he marked out the foundations of the earth,30 then I was beside him, like a master workman,and I was daily his delight,  rejoicing before him always,31 rejoicing in his inhabited world  and delighting in the children of man.32  “And now, O sons, listen to me:   blessed are those who keep my ways.33 Hear instruction and be wise,   and do not neglect it.34 Blessed is the one who listens to me,   watching daily at my gates,   waiting beside my doors.35 For whoever finds me finds life   and obtains favor from the Lord,36 but he who fails to find me injures himself;   all who hate me love death.” John 1 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. 4 In him was life, and the life was the light of men. 5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. 14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.

Lindsay Graham from History Daily explores the human side of two topics we often discuss on the show: Meteors and Oxygen.On November 30, 1954, Alabama resident Ann Hodges becomes the first person struck by a meteorite, an event that will upend the 34-year-old's life.On August 1, 1774, English philosopher and chemist, Joseph Priestley, discovers a mysterious new gas, which will come to be known as “oxygen”.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.Join us at www.patreon.com/iknowdino for dinosaur requests, bonus content, ad-free episodes, and more.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

August 1, 1774. English philosopher and chemist, Joseph Priestley, discovers a mysterious new gas, which will come to be known as “oxygen”. This episode originally aired in 2022.Support the show! Join Into History for ad-free listening and more.History Daily is a co-production of Airship and Noiser.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Support Bionic Planet: https://www.patreon.com/bionicplanet Books referenced in this episode: "The Discovery of Global Warming" by Spencer Weart (Hypertext version): https://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm "Lavoisier in the Year One" by Madison Smartt Bell: https://wwnorton.com/books/Lavoisier-in-the-Year-One/ "The Life and Letters of Joseph Black, M. D." by William Ramsay (Hypertext version): https://archive.org/details/lifelettersofjos00ramsrich/page/n5/mode/2up    In this episode of Bionic Planet, we delve into the history of the science underpinning Nature-based Climate Solutions (NbCS), beginning in the 1620s, in the Flemish village of Vilvoorde. The episode kicks off with the story of Jan Baptist van Helmont, a physician who conducted an experiment planting a five-pound baby willow tree in a 200-pound pot of soil, launching a sequence of events that solved the riddle of where trees come from, accelerated the Industrial Revolution that propelled us to our current state of ecological overshoot, and planted the seeds of our eventual salvation.   The narrative then takes us through the evolution of scientific thought, from the ancient Greek philosophers to the alchemists of the Middle Ages, and eventually to the pioneers of modern chemistry like Joseph Black and Antoine Lavoisier. We explore the concepts of phlogiston, fixed air, and the discovery of oxygen, shedding light on the gradual unraveling of the mysteries of the natural world. The episode also highlights the contributions of individuals like Joseph Priestley and Jan Ingenhousz, who made key observations about the role of plants in purifying air and the process of photosynthesis. These discoveries laid the foundation for our understanding of how plants breathe in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, shaping our knowledge of the interconnectedness of ecosystems. The episode wraps up with a brief segue into the concept of latent heat, as elucidated by Joseph Black, and its pivotal role in the development of steam engines. This technological advancement sparked the Industrial Revolution, which delivered previously unimaginable wealth to the world but pushed our planet to the brink of ecological collapse.  As the host, I aim to provide a comprehensive and engaging exploration of the historical milestones that have shaped our understanding of climate and biodiversity finance. By unraveling the untold story of the voluntary carbon market, I seek to dispel myths, challenge simplistic narratives, and foster a deeper appreciation for the complexities of environmental science. Join me on this enlightening journey through the annals of scientific discovery, as we uncover the threads that connect past breakthroughs to present-day challenges and solutions. Together, we can gain a deeper insight into the intricate web of relationships that sustain life on our bionic planet. Thank you for tuning in to Bionic Planet, where we explore the past to illuminate the path forward.

1669'da, Hennig Brandt'ın idrardan altın elde etme çabası, büyük bir keşifler zincirinin ilk halkasıydı. 1800'lerin sonuna geldiğimizde elektriğin gücünü de arkasına alan bilim insanları inanılmaz keşiflere imza atıyordu. Madde dediğimiz puzzle'ın parçaları çok daha hızlı bulunuyordu artık. Ancak genç bir bilim insanı, Henry Jeffreys Moseley, tüm eksik parçaları tek bir keşifle bulacaktı. Hiçbir Şey Tesadüf Değil'de başladığımız Maddenin Hikayesi serimizin üçüncü ve final bölümünde Moseley'in hikayesine odaklanıyoruz. Elementlerin hikayesine noktayı koyarken, atomun keşif hikayesine de giriş yapıyoruz.Hazırsanız maddenin, yani “her şeyin” hikayesindeki üçüncü ve son perdeye buyurun.Jenerik Müziği: Cemre Dalyan, Özgür Yılgür------- Podbee Sunar -------Bu podcast, Hiwell hakkında reklam içerir.Hiwell'i indirmek ve pod10 koduyla size özel indirimden faydalanmak için tıklayınız.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Maddenin Hikayesi serisinin ikinci bölümünde İngiltere'nin ücra bir köyünden, Londra'nın merkezine uzanan bir yolculuğa tanıklık ediyoruz. Hayatını kimyaya ve yeni elementlere adamış Humphry Davy'nin hikayesine ortak oluyoruz. İçinden güçlü bir elektrik akımının geçtiği bu macerada, doğanın gizemlerini çözmeye çalışıyoruz.Hazırsanız, maddenin, yani “her şeyin” hikayesindeki ikinci perdeye buyurun.Jenerik Müziği: Cemre Dalyan, Özgür Yılgür------- Podbee Sunar -------Bu podcast, Hiwell hakkında reklam içerir.Hiwell'i indirmek ve pod10 koduyla size özel indirimden faydalanmak için tıklayınız.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Simyacılar, demiri altına dönüştürecek formülü ararken hiç ummadıkları bir devrimi başlatmıştı. İdrarla yapılan bir deneme çok uzun bir hikayenin başlangıç noktasıydı. İşte bu hikaye, Hiçbir Şey Tesadüf Değil'in yeni serisine de ilham oldu. Üç bölüm boyunca bol bol elementlerden, kimyadan, bu keşiflerin arkasındaki adı bilinen veya bilinmeyen birçok dev isimden bahsedeceğiz. Ve bu hikaye bizi birçok farklı noktaya götürecek.Hazırsanız buyurun… İşte maddenin, yani “her şeyin” hikayesi!Jenerik Müziği: Cemre Dalyan, Özgür Yılgür------- Podbee Sunar -------Bu podcast, Hiwell hakkında reklam içerir.Hiwell'i indirmek ve pod10 koduyla size özel indirimden faydalanmak için tıklayınız.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

QUOTES FOR REFLECTION“To me there is in happiness an element of self-forgetfulness. You lose yourself in something outside yourself when you are happy; just as when you are desperately miserable you are intensely conscious of yourself, are a solid little lump of ego weighing a ton.”~Joseph Priestley (1733-1804), English chemist, philosopher, and educator “God has not been trying an experiment on my faith or love in order to find out their quality. He knew it already. It was I who didn't. In this trial He makes us occupy the dock, the witness box, and the bench all at once. He always knew that my temple was a house of cards. His only way of making me realize the fact was to knock it down.”~CS Lewis (1898-1963), A Grief Observed “When God guides us down paths of grief, He isn't leading us away from hope. He's trying to lead us to the point where those streets intersect, so that we never believe the lie that our joy is tied to our circumstances.”~John Onwuchekwa, pastor and author “All those who do not in all their works or suffering, life and death, trust in God's favor, grace and good-will, but rather seek His favor in other things or in themselves, do not keep the First Commandment, and practice real idolatry, even if they were to do the works or all the other Commandments, and in addition had all the prayers, fasting, obedience, patience, chastity, and innocence of all the saints combined.” ~Martin Luther in his Treatise Concerning Good Works (1520) “How did Christ welcome us? By taking on our human flesh, by living with a bunch of sinners, and most stunningly of all, by dying on a Roman cross, so you and I could live with him forever.”~Rebecca McLaughlin (PhD, Cambridge), speaker and author “He who thinks lightly of sin thinks lightly of the Savior.”~C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892)SERMON PASSAGEGalatians 4:21-31 (ESV) 1 I mean that the heir, as long as he is a child, is no different from a slave, though he is the owner of everything, 2 but he is under guardians and managers until the date set by his father. 3 In the same way we also, when we were children, were enslaved to the elementary principles of the world. 4 But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, 5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. 6 And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!” 7 So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God. 8 Formerly, when you did not know God, you were enslaved to those that by nature are not gods. 9 But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless elementary principles of the world, whose slaves you want to be once more? 10 You observe days and months and seasons and years! 11 I am afraid I may have labored over you in vain. 12 Brothers, I entreat you, become as I am, for I also have become as you are. You did me no wrong. 13 You know it was because of a bodily ailment that I preached the gospel to you at first, 14 and though my condition was a trial to you, you did not scorn or despise me, but received me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus. 15 What then has become of your blessedness? For I testify to you that, if possible, you would have gouged out your eyes and given them to me. 16 Have I then become your enemy by telling you the truth? 17 They make much of you, but for no good purpose. They want to shut you out, that you may make much of them. 18 It is always good to be made much of for a good purpose, and not only when I am present with you, 19 my little children, for whom I am again in the anguish of childbirth until Christ is formed in you! 20 I wish I could be present with you now and change my tone, for I am perplexed about you. 21 Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not listen to the law? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by a slave woman and one by a free woman. 23 But the son of the slave was born according to the flesh, while the son of the free woman was born through promise. 24 Now this may be interpreted allegorically: these women are two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children for slavery; she is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia; she corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written,    “Rejoice, O barren one who does not bear;       break forth and cry aloud, you who are not in labor!      For the children of the desolate one will be more      than those of the one who has a husband.” 28 Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise. 29 But just as at that time he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. 30 But what does the Scripture say? “Cast out the slave woman and her son, for the son of the slave woman shall not inherit with the son of the free woman.” 31 So, brothers, we are not children of the slave but of the free woman.

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/critical-theory

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lenora Hanson's The Romantic Rhetoric of Accumulation (Stanford UP, 2022) provides an account of the long arc of dispossession from the British Romantic period to today. Lenora Hanson glimpses histories of subsistence (such as reproductive labor, vagrancy and criminality, and unwaged labor) as figural ways of living that are superfluous—simultaneously more than enough to live and less than what is necessary for capitalism. Hanson treats rhetorical language as an archive of capital's accumulation through dispossession, in works by S.T. Coleridge, Edmund Burke, Mary Robinson, William Wordsworth, Benjamin Moseley, Joseph Priestley, and Alexander von Humboldt, as well as in contemporary film and critical theory. Reading riots through apostrophe, enclosure through anachronism, superstition and witchcraft through tautology, and the paradoxical coincidence of subsistence living with industrialization, Hanson shows the figural to be a material record of the survival of non-capitalist forms of life within capitalism. But this survival is not always-already resistant to capitalism, nor are the origins of capital accumulation confined to the Romantic past. Hanson reveals rhetorical figure as entwined in deeply ambivalent ways with the circuitous, ongoing process of dispossession. Reading both historically and rhetorically, Hanson argues that rhetorical language records histories of dispossession and the racialized, gendered distribution of the labor of subsistence. Romanticism, they show, is more contemporary than ever. Lenora Hanson is Assistant Professor of English at New York University. Morteza Hajizadeh is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory; Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies; 18th and 19th Century British Literature. YouTube channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

The desire to replicate natural effervescence led a lot of people to try to figure out how to carbonate water. But Jacob Schweppe was able to achieve brand recognition and establish a company that has endured despite early setbacks. Research: Burros, Marian. “Carbonated Water: More Than a Matter of Taste.” New York Times. April 27, 1983. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/27/garden/carbonated-water-more-than-a-matter-of-taste.html Donovan, Tristan. “Fizz: How Soda Shook Up the World.” Chicago Review Press. 2013. Simmons, Douglas A. “Schweppes: The First 200 Years.” Acropolis Books. 1983. “Joseph Priestley.” Science History Institute Museum and Library. https://www.chemheritage.org/education/scientific-biographies/joseph-priestley/ Laskow, Sarah. “The Great Soda-water Shake Up.” The Atlantic. Oct. 1, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/10/the-great-soda-water-shake-up/380932/ McCloughlin, Thomas. “Lost and Found: The Nooth Aparatus.” Volume 45, Issues 1–2. 2021,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100763 McEvoy, John G.. "Joseph Priestley". Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Priestley Priestley, Joseph. “Directions for impregnating water with fixed air : in order to communicate to it the peculiar spirit and virtues of Pyrmont water, and other mineral waters of a similar nature.” London : Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, in St. Paul's Church-Yard. 1772. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/b30364978/page/10/mode/2up Schwarcz, Joe, PhD. “The Origins of Soda Water.” McGill Office for Science and Society. May 15, 2018. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history/origins-soda-water Sharp, Ari. “Schweppes Sold for $1.2 bn.” The Sydney Morning Herald.  26, 2008. https://www.smh.com.au/business/schweppes-sold-for-12bn-20081225-7558.html Zuck, D.”Dr. Nooth and His Apparatus.” British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1978. Vol. 50. https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(17)45198-1/pdf See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Theo một báo cáo của Cơ quan dược phẩm châu Âu (EMA) hồi cuối năm 2022, việc sử dụng khí cười đang gia tăng một cách đáng lo ngại tại nhiều quốc gia thành viên Liên Âu, trong đó có cả Pháp, và nhất là ở giới trẻ. Điều đáng lưu ý hơn là thông tin về những tác dụng phụ nguy hiểm, thậm chí có thể gây tử vong, của khí cười lại ít được công chúng biết đến, trong khi loại khí này lại rất dễ mua. Riêng tại Pháp, gần đây nhất, theo AFP, cảnh sát hôm 22/07/2023 đã thu giữ được số lượng cao kỷ lục - 21 tấn khí cười tại Vénissieux, vùng Lyon. Để hiểu thêm về loại khí được gọi là khí cười, được giới trẻ ngày càng dùng nhiều, nhưng cũng đã bị chính quyền Pháp cấm bán cho trẻ vị thành niên, RFI Tiếng Việt đã có cuộc phỏng vấn phó giáo sư, tiến sĩ hóa học Phạm Quốc Nghị, đại học Paris-Saclay của Pháp.  RFI : Khí cười cụ thể là gì ? Chất này ra đời từ khi nào ? Ứng dụng chính là gì ? TS. Phạm Quốc Nghị : Khí cười có công thức hóa học là N2O, với tên gọi là dinitơ oxít. Trong điều kiện thường, chất này tồn tại dạng khí, không mầu, có mùi và vị hơi ngọt. Khí N2O do nhà khoa học người Anh, Joseph Priestley, khám phá ra vào năm 1772. Khí này được sử dụng trong lĩnh vực y khoa, pha trộn cùng với khí oxy, để gây mê hoặc giảm đau. Trong chế biến ăn uống, khí này cũng được sử dụng trong các bình kem chantilly. Khí N2O có ảnh hưởng rất lớn đến môi trường. Khí này có hiệu ứng nhà kính rất mạnh (gấp gần 300 lần so với CO2). Đây là khí phá hủy tầng ozone nhiều nhất. Theo 1 nghiên cứu gần đây của Tổ chức Khí tượng Thế giới (World Meteorological Organization), khí này có nguồn gốc 60% từ tự nhiên (ví dụ như liên quan đến các vi sinh vật) và 40% từ các hoạt động của con người (các nguồn phân bón nông nghiệp).Cơ chế tác dụng dược lý của N2O trong y khoa vẫn chưa hoàn toàn được hiểu rõ. Theo các nghiên cứu thì N2O can thiệp vào các đường truyền tín hiệu lên não. Khí này chặn 1 phần các kênh nhận tín hiệu như Niconitic, AMPA, GABA … Lấy ví dụ trường hợp cụ thể khí N2O tác động lên các tế bào GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) có chức năng kìm hãm những tế bào thần kinh gây buồn ngủ. Chất khí này cũng đồng thời can thiệp vào quá trình sản sinh ra các tế bào liên lạc thần kinh nội sinh như opioid peptide và serotonin - một loại hormone có khả năng tạo ra cảm giác hưng phấn và hạnh phúc. Chính việc giải phóng các tế bào liên lạc thần kinh nội sinh đã kìm hãm sự phát ra cảm giác đau đớn trong não và kích hoạt khả năng giảm đau. RFI : Vậy tại sao khí cười lại được gọi là ma túy của người nghèo ? Đâu là những tác hại chính của việc lạm dụng khí cười ?TS. Phạm Quốc Nghị : Đến nay, chưa có nghiên cứu y khoa nào chỉ rõ sự lệ thuộc vào khí cười, do đó khái niệm ma túy, chất gây nghiện vẫn còn gây tranh cãi. Tuy nhiên, do giá thành rẻ (khoảng 25€ một lít khí, tương đương gần 400 lượt dùng), và các hiệu ứng kích thích giảm nhanh, nên nhiều người có xu hướng lạm dụng. Ngoài ra, các bình nhỏ khí N2O được rao bán tràn lan trên mạng, chẳng hạn trên các trang Amazon, Cdiscount, nên người dùng có thể mua bán dễ dàng.Theo một báo cáo của tổ chức ANSES, Pháp, năm 2020 có 134 trường hợp ngộ độc ở Pháp liên quan đến khí cười, tăng nhiều so với 46 trường hợp thống kê vào năm 2019. Theo 1 nghiên cứu khác gần đây vào tháng 06/2022 của 1 tổ chức y tế thì số ca bệnh với các triệu chứng nặng liên quan đến khí cười tăng gấp 10 lần so với năm 2019.Điều đặc biệt là độ tuổi trung bình là 22 tuổi và có 10% số ca này là trẻ em. Một nửa các bệnh nhân khai báo là có sử dụng khí cười hàng ngày. Vào ngày 06/08/2022, tại Vitry-sur-Seine, ngoại ô Paris, một nam thanh niên tử vong do sử dụng khí cười dẫn đến suy tim.Thông thường, hiệu ứng gây cười sẽ biến mất sau 2 phút sử dụng và các hiệu ứng phụ sẽ biến mất sau khi sử dụng khoảng 15 phút. Tuy nhiên, nếu lạm dụng quá liều, các hiệu ứng phụ này có thể kéo dài nhiều giờ, thậm chí nhiều ngày. Các biểu hiện nhẹ bao gồm : buồn nôn, đau đầu, đau bụng, tiêu chảy, mất tập trung, hoa mắt. Nặng hơn thì có nhầm lẫn mất phương hướng, khó nói và khó cử động, yếu cơ.Khi sử dụng khí cười, thì có các nguy cơ chính sau : bị bỏng lạnh, nếu dùng khí trực tiếp từ bình (chính vì vậy, mọi người thường cho vào quả bóng bay để sử dụng), thiếu oxy nên có nguy cơ dẫn đến tử vong (như đã đề cập ở trên, trong y học thường trộn lẫn với oxy theo tỷ lệ 1/1 khi dùng để gây mê hoặc giảm đau), mất kiểm soát dẫn đến ngã và chấn thương, hoặc rất dễ gây tai nạn khi tham gia giao thông. Ngoài ra, nếu sử dụng liên tục thì sẽ dẫn đến các triệu chứng như giảm trí nhớ, chứng hoang tưởng, tụt huyết áp, rối loạn cương dương ở nam giới.RFI : Pháp có chính sách gì để hạn chế tác hại của khí cười ?TS. Phạm Quốc Nghị : Từ năm 2021, khí cười bị cấm bán cho trẻ em dưới 18 tuổi tại Pháp, ai vi phạm thì phải chịu mức phạt 3750 euro. Các chuyên gia đang đề nghị chính phủ cấm tiêu thụ khí này, ngoài mục đích y khoa.Ngoài việc cấm bán hoặc tặng khí cười cho trẻ vị thành niên, nhà chức trách Pháp còn ra quy định phạt tiền 15.000 euro đối với những ai xúi giục, kích động trẻ vị thành niên lạm dụng mặt hàng tiêu dùng dinitơ oxít để đạt được các hiệu ứng thần kinh.Thực ra, ngay từ năm 2018, Đài quan sát Pháp về chất gây nghiện và nạn nghiện ngập (OFDT) đã nhấn mạnh về nạn lạm dụng khí cười gia tăng, thế nhưng theo báo L'Union, những lời báo động của các cơ quan dường như vô ích : Đến năm 2021, tình hình vẫn không được cải thiện, thậm chí còn xấu đi, theo ghi nhận của Cơ quan quốc gia về an toàn y tế và thực phẩm ANSES và Cơ quan quốc gia về an toàn dược phẩm và sản phẩm y tế ANSM.   Báo Le Point trích dẫn bác sĩ chuyên khoa thần kinh, Étienne Fortanier, bệnh viện Timone, thành phố Marseille, miền nam Pháp, theo đó từ giai đoạn phong tỏa chống dịch Covid-19 tại Pháp, việc sử dụng khí cười đã tăng bùng nổ đột biến và trở thành một vấn đề về sức khỏe cộng đồng. Các ghi nhận gửi đến các trung tâm chống độc (CAP) và các trung tâm thông tin và đánh giá về chứng lệ thuộc - chứng nghiện dược phẩm (CEIP-A) cũng xác nhận sự gia tăng rất rõ rệt các ca ngộ độc dinitơoxít trong năm 2020 ở giới trẻ. Tình hình nghiêm trọng đến mức Cơ quan Quốc gia về An toàn và Sức khỏe Thực phẩm, Môi trường và Lao động (ANSES) của Pháp cũng đã phải đưa ra nhiều cảnh báo. Bước ngoặt Covid-19Về phía các địa phương, trước khi Quốc Hội thông qua đạo luật hồi năm 2021 có hiệu lực trong toàn quốc, thì chính quyền một số thành phố, chẳng hạn Aulnay-sous-Bois, ngoại ô phía bắc Paris, hồi năm 2019, khi thấy mức tiêu dùng khí này ở địa phương tăng vọt, đã ban hành lệnh cấm bán khí cười cho trẻ vị thành niên. Sévrine Maroun, trợ lý thị trưởng phụ trách an ninh của thành phố Aulnay-sous-Bois, ngoại ô phía bắc Paris, đã xác nhận với báo Le Point mỗi ngày họ thu gom được 600 ống kim loại chứa khí cười ​trong các bãi đỗ xe hoặc công viên (số liệu từ năm 2019, trước khi việc dùng khí cười được ghi nhận có sự gia tăng bùng nổ). Ban đầu, nhà chức trách thành phố Aulnay-sous-Bois không hiểu những ống kim loại đó là gì. Nhờ các hiệp hội, họ mới biết đó là những ống khí cười mà giới trẻ nghiện sử dụng bởi nó có khả năng mang lại cảm giác sảng khoái, hưng phấn, vui vẻ cho người dùng, có thể khiến người ta bật cười và làm biến đổi giọng nói khi hít vào qua đường miệng, nên « khí cười » đặc biệt được thanh thiếu niên ưa chuộng trong các dịp hội hè, tụ tập vui chơi. Thành phố Marseille, miền nam Pháp, cũng ra quy định cấm tương tự như Aulnay-sous-Bois từ hồi năm 2020.Mới đây, trong báo cáo hôm 18/01/2023, Cơ quan quốc gia Pháp về An toàn dược phẩm và các sản phẩm y tế về (ANSM) cho biết số ca bệnh nặng do dùng khí cười trong năm 2021 đã tăng gấp 3 lần so với năm 2020. Điều đáng lo ngại hơn là giới trẻ không chỉ dùng khí cười trong các dịp vui chơi, hội hè, mà đã chuyển sang dùng thường xuyên, dài ngày. Theo La Croix, 47% số trường hợp được ghi nhận hít khí cười hàng ngày, so với tỉ lệ 34% hồi năm 2020. Có những thanh niên dùng tới vài trăm ống khí cười/ngày. Không chỉ số lần hít khí cười tăng, mà liều dùng mỗi lần cũng tăng. Theo số liệu của cơ quan ANSM, biến chứng thần kinh vẫn là biến chứng được báo cáo nhiều nhất vào năm 2021 : 80% số ca. Nhiều biến chứng tim mạch mới cũng được ghi nhận. ANSM mới đây đã cho xuất bản một tài liệu dành cho các nhân viên y tế, giúp họ xác định các triệu chứng đặc hiệu của chứng ngộ độc khí cười và cách chăm sóc bệnh nhân.Trong bối cảnh này, báo Người Paris (Le Parisien) hồi đầu năm nay 2023 cho biết chính quyền Paris đã cấm trẻ vị thành niên hít khí cười ở nơi công cộng, nếu vi phạm sẽ bị phạt 150 euro. Quy định bắt đầu có hiệu lực từ ngay mùa xuân - hè năm nay. Đến ngày 31/07, CNEWS thông báo Paris triển hạn lệnh cấm đến hết ngày 31/10.Do nhu cầu tiêu dùng tăng quá mạnh và nhanh, chi phí bỏ ra thấp mà lợi nhuận lại cao, nên đã hình thành những băng đảng có tổ chức buôn bán, phân phối trái phép khí cười. Những ống khí cười, bóng cười có thể được các băng nhóm bán lậu cùng với các loại ma túy, chất gây nghiện khác, hoặc thuốc lá nhập lậu. Thậm chí còn xảy ra nạn trộm cắp, cướp bóc các xe tải vận chuyển hàng tấn khí cười, ví dụ vụ việc ở Sarcelles, tỉnh Val-d'Oise, vùng Paris vào cuối tháng 01/2022 : có 6 kẻ đã cuớp 2.000 thùng hàng mà tổng trị giá bán trên thị trường là 28.000 euro. Hồi năm 2021, một cuộc điều tra được tiến hành trong vòng 3 tháng cuối năm 2021 đã cho phép cảnh sát phá dỡ một mạng lưới buôn lậu khí cười giữa Pháp và Hà Lan, và thu giữ 11 tấn khí cười ở vùng Lyon và Paris. Trong 6 tháng cuối năm 2021 và 3 tháng đầu năm 2022, Pháp đã thu giữ tổng cộng 15 tấn hàng trái phép. Tuy nhiên, William Hippert, trợ lý phát ngôn viên của Cơ quan cảnh sát điều tra quốc gia của Pháp, vẫn lấy làm tiếc là hiện nay mới chỉ có « rất ít vụ truy tố tội buôn lậu » khí cười. Về phía các chuyên gia tâm lý, bác sĩ chuyên khoa về cai nghiện, theo France Info ngày 18/03/2023, điều khiến họ lo ngại hơn cả không phải là ở chính khí cười hay các chất gây nghiện khác, mà là ở mối liên hệ giữa thanh thiếu niên với sản phẩm gây ảo giác đó : giới trẻ bấu víu vào các chất này để quên đi nỗi buồn chán. Quả thực, nhiều nghiên cứu trong những tháng qua đã cho thấy sự xuống cấp về sức khỏe tâm thần của giới trẻ tại Pháp, do tác động của các đợt phong tỏa chống Covid-19, nỗi bất an về tương lai, nỗi sợ hãi về tình trạng biến đổi khí hậu, chiến tranh Ukraina, lạm phát, khủng hoảng … Điều tra của OFDT cho thấy gần ½ giới trẻ Pháp cho biết họ bị rối loạn sức khỏe tâm thần.

In chapter 13 of the book of Revelation, the apostle John sees a vision of a helping power that arises to deceive people into worshipping the antichrist system that came out of Rome. This second beast comes out of the Earth, which is contrasted to coming out of the sea (a populous area) and it looks like a lamb (resembles Christianity or Christian values) yet speaks (legislates) like a dragon. This power also exercises all the authority In history there is only one world power that came up out of nowhere, exercised world power status, looks like Christianity but acts otherwise and is currently helping to deceive people back into a worldwide acceptance of the first beast. This lamb-like power also arose right around the time that the first beast received a mortal wound, and today it is fulfilling its role as the false prophet who deceives the world into building an image of the first beast. Can you guess who this power is? Today we will find out what history and the bible tell us about it. Stay connected at: www.danceoflife.com RESOURCES: End Times Prophetic Timeline https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vRiMza0rWIbxv3wQ8mM9w8Kdw_eRgN6TeeMj1iHZYhrEqHsS8OOFBoT9T2aSUE_Nwt9-nEzKToeSovv/pubhtml Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, Query 17, 157--61 https://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions40.html From Thomas Jefferson to Joseph Priestley, 21 March 1801 https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-33-02-0336 Joseph Priestly https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/joseph-priestley/ The Enlightenment and Joseph Priestley's disenchantment with science and religion https://iscast.org/uncategorized/the-enlightenment-and-joseph-priestley-s-disenchantment-with-science-and-religion/ Joseph Priestly: Theology, Teaching & Politics https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Priestley From Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Rush, 21 April 1803 https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-40-02-0178-0001 Thomas Jefferson to John Adams, 24 January 1814 (scripture not inspired) https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-07-02-0083 The Jefferson Bible https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Bible James Madison, Memorial and Remonstrance (1785) https://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/primary-sources/memorial-and-remonstrance Benjamin Franklin, Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin The Constitution of the United States https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript The Declaration of Independence https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript Started "Lucifer" Magazine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer_(magazine) The Secret Doctrine by H. P. Blavatsky -- Vol. 2 https://www.sacred-texts.com/the/sd/sd2-2-06.htm Theosophy is of the Devil https://www.jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/New%20Age/theosophy.htm "Lift High the Torch" by John Algeo, American Theosophical Society https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/1633-lift-high-the-torch 7 Rays, Theosophy Wiki https://theosophy.wiki/en/Seven_Rays Mithraism, Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithraism Mithra and Statue of Liberty Comparison https://aratta.wordpress.com/2014/02/28/the-roots-of-the-liberty-statue/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/roger_ulrich/5339861741 https://cyrus49.wordpress.com/2020/12/23/the-statue-of-liberty-iranian-history-the-land-of-the-original-aryans/ https://qcurtius.com/2018/02/25/the-religion-of-mithras-and-its-mysteries/ https://twitter.com/junaidamerhame1/status/881571842695331841 Rome, Greek, US Quarter comparison https://imgur.com/04aBiHg Mithra & Jesus https://www.worldhistory.org/Mithra/ Ascended Master Teachings, The Temple of the Presence https://www.templeofthepresence.org/Main/ascended_master_teachings Ascended Master Teachings https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/7329371 Colossus of Rhodes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_of_Rhodes George Washington Bust in Houlton ME https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMNY83_George_Washington_in_Houlton_ME Apotheosis of Washington https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington

The full text of this podcast can be found in the transcript of this edition or at the following link:https://andrewjbrown.blogspot.com/2023/05/unplanned-obsolescence-and-how-perhaps.htmlPlease feel to post any comments you have about this episode there.A collection of Tenko-san's writings in English can be found in his book, “New Road to Ancient Truth” Ittōen: The Myths and Rituals of Liminality. Parts I-IIIAuthor(s): Winston DavisSource: History of Religions , May, 1975, Vol. 14, No. 4 (May, 1975), pp. 282-321 Published by: The University of Chicago PressStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1062047Ittōen: The Myths and Rituals of Liminality. Parts IV-VIAuthor(s): Winston DavisSource: History of Religions , Aug., 1975, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Aug., 1975), pp. 1-33 Published by: The University of Chicago PressStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1061853Music, "New Heaven", written by Andrew J. Brown and played by Chris Ingham (piano), Paul Higgs (trumpet), Russ Morgan (drums) and Andrew J. Brown (double bass) Thanks for listening. Just to note that all the texts of these podcasts are available on my blog. You'll also find there a brief biography, info about my career as a musician, & some photography. Feel free to drop by & say hello. Email: caute.brown[at]gmail.com

Eugene Procknow has written a biography of William Hunter--son of a British sergeant who spent his childhood and teen years accompanying the British army, was taken as a prisoner of war, became a printer and returned to America in the 1790s to edit a series of newspapers in Pennsylvania and Kentucky defending freedom of the press before becoming a Jacksonian political figure.  At some point Hunter sat down to write a memoir, which contains one of the few observations by a child of the war, as well as other episodes  of his memorable life, and Procknow has now published a biography, William Hunter:  Finding Free Speech:  A British Soldier's Son who Became an Early American.    To help with his own research, Procknow has compiled a terrific bibliography of sources on the Revolution, available on his Researching the American Revolution website.

Jeopardy! recaps from the week of February 13th, 2023. Emily lauds the educational importance of Epcot, Kyle calls out the ancient Romans, and then does an unexpectedly deep dive into Joseph Priestley. Find us on Facebook (Potent Podables) and Twitter (@potentpodables1). Check out our Patreon (patreon.com/potentpodables). Email us at potentpodablescast@gmail.com. Continue to support social justice movements in your community and our country. www.communityjusticeexchange.org https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/stop-aapi-hate www.rescue.org  www.therebelsproject.org www.abortionfunds.org

Before environmental chemistry, there were definitely observations about Earth's environment and the part chemistry played. We start with Joseph Priestley and Jan Ingenhousz's observations on how plants and animals add to or remove oxygen from the air, and exchange the oxygen with carbon dioxide, in the 1770s. We then look at Théodore de Saussure, Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart, Jacques-Joseph Ébelmen, Jean Baptiste Boussingault, Eduard Suess, and Vladimir Vernadsky's work to understand the carbon cycle. For the nitrogen cycle, we turn to Boussingault, John Bennet Lawes, Joseph Henry Gilbert, Jules Reiset, Theophile Schlœsing, Achille Müntz, Ulysse Gayon, Gabriel Dupetit, Ulysse Gayon, Gabriel Dupetit, and Engelbert Broda's research on the nitrogen cycle. (It takes a whole biosphere to understand a biosphere.) Other observations about chemistry and the environment include Robert Angus Smith and acid rain, plus the ancient-to-modern knowledge of lead poisoning.Support the show Support my podcast at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchemistry Tell me how your life relates to chemistry! E-mail me at steve@historyofchem.com Get my book, O Mg! How Chemistry Came to Be, from World Scientific Publishing, https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/12670#t=aboutBook

The focus of our Minister, Kris Hanna's address last Sunday, to a full church at Shady Grove was to briefly span the history of theistic belief from early pantheism to monotheism and beyond. It included Unitarianism and Trinitarian mainstream (Christian) dogma. Kris observed at the outset, a trend in contemporary society and amongst Unitarians - towards greater abstraction in defining notions of God and Divinity, evolving from Jewish monotheism into the Orthodoxy of a Trinitarian, tripartite God - the Father, Jeshua - his Son and Holy Spirit. There were "unitarian" dissenters. Alexandrian (monotheistic) scholars argued against the Trinitarianism of Athanasius. They included the Egyptian scholars, Origen and Arius. There were achievements: the Unitarian, Francis Dávid (1510–1579 influenced King Sigismund to issue the Edict of Torda in Transylvania, Socinus (1539–1604), and the Socinian movement in Italy, the Racovian Catechism of Poland, and there were those who died for their Unitarian beliefs - Michael Servetus (Spain), burned at the stake with his book on the Errors of the Trinity in Switzerland, the Englishman, John Biddell (1615-1662) who died in prison for his Unitarian beliefs after being imprisoned from 1647-1662, the Quaker, James Naylor, tortured and imprisoned for blasphemy, the scientist and former priest, Joseph Priestley - forced to flee to America - and other Unitarians, persecuted, tortured and martyred for their beliefs.  Many "post-Christian" Unitarians now seek to define "Unitarian" not historically and narrowly, as anti-Trinitarian - but the discovery of a unity and "oneness" that transcends old, worn-out dogma that divides, that gathers up new and old wisdom that has stood the test of time to unite us in our shared humanity, a Universalism where salvation is to be found here and now in the quality of our daily living and loving. But that's the sequel - to be told by others at another time. Listen now to Kris's account of how we Unitarians came to be here and, by inference - where we might be heading.

In this final installment of a four episode series, I take a look at criticisms of Thomas Kuhn's idea of incommensurable scientific paradigms. Kuhn makes use of a vague notion of seeing that allows him to say some surprising things about how people see the world. For example, Kuhn theorizes that 18th century scientists Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier would have had different visual experiences had they seen the same jar of oxygen on account of their belonging to different scientific paradigms. Further, we can see that by using Wittgenstein's work on rule following, that there is no easy way to define the borders of a community and Kuhn's work risks a relativism where every scientist belongs to an isolated paradigm of one. Finally, I take a look at Hillary Putnam's argument for scientific realism called the 'No Miracles Argument'. Though it is a simple argument, it does seem to make the most compelling case for the apparent everyday notion that most people have that science, at its best, offers the most accurate representation of the world.

Bookseller, publisher, Dissenter and dinner-party host, Joseph Johnson was a great enabler in the late 18th-century literary landscape . . . Daisy Hay is the author of Dinner with Joseph Johnson: Books and Friendship in a Revolutionary Age and Associate Professor of English Literature at the University of Exeter, and Kathryn Sutherland is the author of Why Modern Manuscript Matters and Senior Research Fellow in English at the University of Oxford. Together they join the Slightly Foxed editors to discuss Joseph Johnson's life and work at St Paul's Churchyard, the heart of England's book trade since medieval times.   We listen to the conversation around Johnson's dining-table as Coleridge and Wordsworth, Joseph Priestley and Benjamin Franklin, Mary Wollstonecraft and William Blake debate the great issues of the day. And we watch as Johnson embarks on a career that will become the foundation stone of modern publishing. We hear how he takes on Olaudah Equiano's memoir of enslavement and champions Anna Barbauld's books for children, how he argues with William Cowper over copyright and how he falls foul of bookshop spies and is sent to prison. From Johnson's St Paul's we then travel to Mayfair, where John Murray II is hosting literary salons with Lord Byron and Sir Walter Scott, and taking a chance on Jane Austen. To complete our tour, we glimpse the anatomy experiments in the basement of Benjamin Franklin's house by the Strand. Our round-up of book recommendations includes Konstantin Paustovsky's The Story of a Life which begins in Ukraine, Winifred Holtby's conversations with Wollstonecraft and Woolf, a fresh look at Jane Austen's Emma and an evocation of the Aldeburgh coast as we visit Ronald Blythe for tea. Books Mentioned We may be able to get hold of second-hand copies of the out-of-print titles listed below. Please get in touch with Jess in the Slightly Foxed office for more information. Colin Clark, The Prince, the Showgirl and Me, Slightly Foxed Edition No. 61 (1:23) Edward Ardizzone, The Young Ardizzone, Plain Foxed Edition (2:01) Daisy Hay, Dinner with Joseph Johnson: Books and Friendship in a Revolutionary Age (2:52) Kathryn Sutherland, Why Modern Manuscripts Matter William Cowper, The Task (15:46) William Godwin, Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is out of print (24:09) John Knowles, The Life and Writing of Henry Fuseli is out of print (24:12) Mary Scott, The Female Advocate; a poem occasioned by reading Mr. Duncombe's Feminead is out of print (27:36) Slightly Foxed Cubs series of children's books (31:52) Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (35:53) Maria Rundell, Mrs Rundell's Domestic Cookery is out of print (46:01) Konstantin Paustovsky, The Story of a Life, translated by Douglas Smith (50:52) Joanna Quinn, The Whalebone Theatre (52:40) Jane Austen, Emma (53:16) Winifred Holtby, Women and a Changing Civilisation is out of print (54:07) Winifred Holtby, Virginia Woolf: A Critical Memoir is out of print (54:44) Winifred Holtby, South Riding (55:46) Ronald Blythe, The Time by the Sea (56:46) Related Slightly Foxed Articles Letters from the Heart, Daisy Hay on Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, Issue 51 Just Getting on with It, A. F. Harrold on William Cowper, Selected Poems, Issue 23 The Abyss Beyond the Orchard, Alexandra Harris on William Cowper, The Centenary Letters, Issue 53 ‘By God, I'm going to spin', Paul Routledge on the novels of Winifred Holtby, Issue 32 Other Links Henry Fuseli's The Nightmare (11:42) Dr Johnson's House, City of London (49:52) Benjamin Franklin House, Charing Cross, London (49:56) Opening music: Preludio from Violin Partita No.3 in E Major by Bach The Slightly Foxed Podcast is hosted by Philippa Lamb and produced by Podcastable

August 1, 1774. English chemist Joseph Priestley changes the world forever when he isolates a mysterious new gas: oxygen. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What's up Wikimaniacs! On today's episode we have a husband who is very protective of his money, we have a 'nice guy' who think women owe him sex, a wife almost kills her husband in the best way possible, and we have one of the worst listener stories we've ever had! After the break we talk about Joseph Priestley and his discovery of oxygen! Let us know your thoughts in the comments! Sponsors: Visit https://aldernewyork.com/ (Alder New York) and use code 'Reddit' for 15% off your purchase! Go to https://www.manscaped.com/ (MANSCAPED) and use code 'Reddit' for 20% off + free shipping worldwide! https://barkbox.snlv.net/redditonwiki (Barkbox): Join Barkbox's amazing subscription to receive a themed box containing 2 innovative toys, 2 all-natural bags of treats, and a chew toy every month! Become a Patreon for ad-free episodes and bonus AITA stories every week as well as exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/cultiv8podcastnetwork (Cultiv8 Podcast Network is creating podcasts | Patreon) Follow Us: https://twitter.com/redditonwiki (Twitter) https://www.instagram.com/redditonwiki/ (Instagram) https://www.tiktok.com/@redditonwikipod? (Tik Tok) https://discord.gg/bZYfHcaGFD (Discord) https://www.redditonwiki.com/ (Website) Email https://www.reddit.com/r/BestofRedditorUpdates/comments/t2wn1q/ops_husband_says_my_money_is_mine_your_money_is/ (OP's husband says my money is mine, your money is ours.) https://www.reddit.com/r/niceguys/comments/7l9aib/do_trees_owe_us_oxygen/ (Do trees owe us oxygen?) https://www.reddit.com/r/tifu/comments/ted8pr/tifu_by_almost_fucking_my_husband_to_death/ (TIFU by (almost) fucking my husband to death.) Copyright 2022 Cultiv8 Podcast Network https://www.captivate.fm/signup?ref=cultofpodcasts (This podcast is hosted by Captivate, try it yourself for free.)

What happened to Joseph Priestley and Marie-Anne plus Antoine Lavoisier? What were the immediate effects of Lavoisier's new chemistry? We discuss how quickly the new chemistry was accepted, with some evidence in Elizabeth Fulhame's book, plus the controversy between Berthollet and Proust over chemical composition of substances.Support the show

Benjamin Franklin, inventor of bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, one of those that wrote the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, ambassador, Governor of Pennsylvania, on June 10 1752 in Philadelphia, flew a kite during a thunderstorm and collected an ambient electrical charge in a Leyden jar, enabling him to demonstrate the connection between lightning and electricity. According to the Franklin Institute, Franklin had been waiting for an opportunity like this. He wanted to demonstrate the electrical nature of lightning, and to do so, he needed a thunderstorm. He had his materials at the ready: a simple kite made with a large silk handkerchief, a hemp string, and a silk string. He also had a house key, a Leyden jar (a device that could store an electrical charge for later use), and a sharp length of wire. His son William assisted him. Franklin had originally planned to conduct the experiment atop a Philadelphia church spire, according to his contemporary, British scientist Joseph Priestley (who, incidentally, is credited with discovering oxygen), but he changed his plans when he realized he could achieve the same goal by using a kite. Franklin and his son “took the opportunity of the first approaching thunder storm to take a walk into a field,” Priestley wrote in his account. “To demonstrate, in the completest manner possible, the sameness of the electric fluid with the matter of lightning, Dr. Franklin, astonishing as it must have appeared, contrived actually to bring lightning from the heavens, by means of an electrical kite, which he raised when a storm of thunder was perceived to be coming on.” Despite a common misconception, Benjamin Franklin did not discover electricity during this experiment—or at all, for that matter. Electrical forces had been recognized for more than a thousand years, and scientists had worked extensively with static electricity. Franklin's experiment demonstrated the connection between lightning and electricity. To dispel another myth, Franklin's kite was not struck by lightning. If it had been, he probably would have been electrocuted. Franklin became interested in electricity in the mid-1740s, a time when much was still unknown on the topic, and spent almost a decade conducting electrical experiments. He coined a number of terms used today, including battery, conductor and electrician. He also invented the lightning rod, used to protect buildings and ships. By the time he died in 1790 he was arguably the most famous man in the world. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

We continue with research by Joseph Black, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestley, concerning new "airs". Then there is the work by Karl Scheele, which was delayed being published, and Mikhail Lomonosov, which was generally ignored. Finally we reach Marie-Ann Paulze and Antoine Lavoisier, who created modern chemistry by realizing that phlogiston is bogus and water is not an element. We have a guest speaker, Dr. Martin Rosenberg, on the scientific art of Joseph Wright of Derby and a Jacques-Louis David's massive portraits of the Lavoisier couple. For links to images referred to by Dr. Rosenberg, become a Patreon supporter at https://www.patreon.com/thehistoryofchemistrySupport the show

Being great afficionados of great thinkers who are impossible contradictions, we turn our attention to American founding father Thomas Jefferson: the man who penned the stirring words of the Declaration of Independence that "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" ... and yet, in his lifetime, owned over 600 slaves including a (for lack of a better term) concubine, Sally Hemings (who also happened to be his deceased wife's half-sister...!!), manumitted only two of those slaves and none of them his own children by Sally until after his death according to his will, and made at best lackluster gestures toward the injustice of it all, not to mention its moral corruption of slaveholders. In this episode, we try to make sense of this "American sphinx" and especially his revisionist attitude toward Christianity, producing a variation on the faith with no power to set slaves free—or Jefferson himself. Notes: 1. Ellis, American Sphinx 2. Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power 3. Jefferson, Writings (Library of America). See in particular the following: Notes on the State of Virginia, 1787 letter to Peter Carr, 1803 letter to Joseph Priestley, 1803 letter to Benjamin Rush, 1813 letter to John Adams, 1816 letter to Charles Thomson, 1819 and 1820 letters to William Short, 1822 letter to Benjamin Waterhouse, 1826 letter to James Heaton. 4. Locke, Second Treatise of Government and Letter concerning Toleration 5. Havel, “The Power of the Powerless” 6. Manseau, The Jefferson Bible Do you rejoice every other Tuesday to see a new Queen of the Sciences episode appear? Then consider supporting us on Patreon. You can start at just $2 a month; more gets you swag. Or just pay us a visit at sarahhinlickywilson.com and paulhinlicky.com!

This week, Lucy Dallas is joined by Kathryn Sutherland to tuck into the three o'clock dinners of Joseph Johnson, publisher and friend of Mary Wollstonecraft, Joseph Priestley, Henry Fuseli, Williams Blake and Wordsworth, and many more great minds of that era. And Boyd Tonkin explains that Napoleon's conqueror, the "Iron Duke" of Wellington, had a great and unexpected gift for friendship - with women.'Dinner with Joseph Johnson' by Daisy Hay'Wellington, women and friendship' at Apsley House, London, until October 30Produced by Sophia Franklin See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Laurie McCants, playwright & director & emeritus member of the Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble; James Goode, actor & emeritus member of BTE; and Peter Brown, actor & associate member of BTE, speaking about the short play, "Ben and Joe" centering on Ben Franklin's last day in England spent with his friend Joseph Priestley. The scene will have its premiere as part of a virtual event on Thursday, April 14, 2022, at 7pm as part of a WVIA project supported by the PA Humanities Council and the NEH through the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Laurie McCants and Dr. Carla Mulford of Penn State University will talk about the two friends and take questions from viewers. There is no admission charge. www.wvia.org/

Laurie McCants, playwright, director & emeritus member of the Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble; James Goode, actor & emeritus member of BTE, and Peter Brown, actor & associate ensemble member of BTE, speaking about the play, "Ben and Joe" by Laurie McCants. The work centers on the friendship between Benjamin Franklin & Joseph Priestley and was written for a project funded by the PA Humanities Council & the National Endowment for the Humanities as part of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. The theater piece was recorded at the WVIA studios and will be screened as part of a live virtual event on Thursday, April 14, 2022, at 7:00 pm, featuring Laurie McCants in conversation with Dr. Carla Mulford of Penn State University, who is a Franklin scholar. The public is invited to take part without charge. For more information: www.wvia.org/

Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart   Support The Daily Gardener Buy Me A Coffee    Connect for FREE! The Friday Newsletter |  Daily Gardener Community   Historical Events 1682 Baptism of Mark Catesby, English naturalist, adventurer, explorer, and artist. Mark made two trips to the new world when America was still a British colony. On his second trip, he explored the lower southeastern corner of the United States. After returning to England, he published his masterpiece, the very first account of flora and fauna of North America, in two large folios called The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands. Mark provided the text and the outstanding illustrations. He also offered an overview of the climate, soil, water, and any crops that were grown. Mark was a superb nature artist. He depicted birds and plants together, something only a handful of artists did at the time. Maria Sybilla Merian did that, and like Maria, once you've seen Mark's work, you never forget it. Mark also painted living subjects, which made his depictions more lifelike. Mark's botanical illustrations showed both the fruit and the flower of a plant in a single image. And when you consider the fact that Mark paired his art with the text in two languages - English and French - to market this content to his audience, Mark Catesby's genius and dedication really become apparent. In Mark's book, the first plant he dedicated an entire page to was the Magnolia, and he also included a full page of text. Magnolias are one of the planet's earliest flowering plants, and as such, they existed before bees. Now for gardeners, this is an important clue about how Magnolias reproduce, which explains why magnolias rely on beetle pollination. Magnolia blossoms do not produce nectar. Instead, they produce pollen, and that pollen is food for the beetles. In terms of uses, in Chinese medicine, the bark of the Magnolia has been used to treat respiratory illness and anxiety.   1733 Birth of Joseph Priestley FRS, English chemist, polymath, author, and minister. Joseph conducted many experiments while he tutored the sons of American sympathizer William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, at Bowood House in Wiltshire, England. In one of his experiments, he put a mouse and a mint plant in a bell jar. Without the mint, the mouse died, but the mouse survived with a plant inside the jar. This laid the foundation for the study of ecosystems. Joseph also wrote the first comprehensive study of the history of electricity, invented carbonated water, created the first timeline, and discovered laughing gas. He also revealed a practical use for vegetable gum: it could remove pencil marks from paper, becoming known as the eraser.   1834 Birth of William Morris, British textile designer, poet, writer, and socialist activist.  Born in 1834 to a wealthy family, William was the leading figure in the Arts and Crafts Movement. As a designer, William Morris remains widespread, and his designs are based on nature. Trees and plants figure prominently in his designs and patterns. Many of his designs feature the flowers that bloomed in his own garden, and among his favorites were honeysuckle, rose, acanthus, tulips, and chrysanthemums. Although he was not a fan of geraniums and once wrote, Red geraniums were invented to show that even a flower could be hideous. The first Morris wallpaper was 'Trellis' (1862) and was based on a rose trellis in his garden in Kent. William found inspiration in England's gardens and countryside. His most iconic designs include Larkspur (1872), Jasmine (1872), Willow (1874), Marigold (1875), Wreath (1876), and Chrysanthemum (1887). And William's poems are clever and offer a glimpse of his personality. In 1888, William created his design for 'Autumn Leaves' 1888 and a seasonal poem 'Autumn': 'Laden Autumn here I stand Worn of heart, and weak of hand: Nought but rest seems good to me, Speak the word that sets me free'   In 1890, William designed his first tapestry, which depicts four medical women holding a banner with the words of an original poem by morris. The poem celebrates the orchard in every season, from the bounty of the harvest to the promise of spring. Midst bitten mead and acre shorn, The world without is waste and worn, But here within our orchard-close, The guerdon of its labour shows. O valiant Earth, O happy year That mocks the threat of winter near, And hangs aloft from tree to tree The banners of the Spring to be.   Grow That Garden Library™ Book Recommendation Reflections of Paradise by Gordon Taylor This book came out in 2020, and the subtitle is The Gardens of Fernando Caruncho. Every time I think about this particular book, I regret the fact that it was released during the pandemic, as I believe it would've gotten so much more attention had it been released just a year earlier, in September of 2019. But that said, people, are still discovering the magnificent gardens created by Fernando Caruncho. Fernando is a Spanish landscape designer, and he has been designing gardens for over four decades. His gardens are all over the world, and they include elements from zen gardens, Islamic gardens, and classical European gardens. Fernando is very sensitive to scale in gardens, the amount of light in a garden, and how light can impact garden design. He's also a massive fan of using local materials- not shipping in a bunch of different stone and elements from far-flung places around the globe. Fernando is all about looking to the region, to the location to determine what beautiful elements should be incorporated into his garden. In this book, Reflections of Paradise, Gordon Taylor is profiling 26 Fernando Caruncho projects, and these gardens run the gamut from largest states to private little spaces. You will see an incredible vineyard in Italy. You'll see a private garden in France. There's a magnificent estate in New Jersey. That's how it is with Fernando Caruncho because once you know about him and once you've seen some of his gardens, he is just going to pop up everywhere in your life. In any case, this book features unique environments that are landscape-focused that are designed to perfection, and that are unmistakably Fernando Caruncho's creations. This bookcase is 304 pages of 26 Incredible gardens designed by Fernando Caruncho. (And the cover is extraordinary too, I might add.) You can get a copy of Reflections of Paradise by Gordon Taylor and support the show using the Amazon link in today's show notes for around $29.   Botanic Spark 1993 On this day, 2.4 acres of the Krider Display garden were donated to the town of Middlebury, Indiana. The garden was formally dedicated two years later and is formally known as Krider Nurseries World's Fair Garden, a garden park. Kreider Nurseries' origins date back to 1896, when Vernon Krider supplemented his teaching income by planting berries on thirty acres of land. A decade later, he quit his teaching job to start his nursery. The nursery had grown to over 500 acres when the Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago looked for a nursery to set up display gardens. Vernon signed onto the project but had no way of knowing how the World's Fair would change his business. Kreider gardens set up many different display gardens at the fair in the horticulture building. The gardens represented gardens worldwide; there was a Japanese garden, a Dutch garden with a windmill, etc. The gardens got a lot of attention, and visitors happily shared their contact information to receive the Kreider nursery catalog. Vernon had over 370,000 names and addresses for his catalog by the end of the expo.  The old saying "the money is in the list" proved true for Krider Nurseries, and they became the largest mail-order nursery business in the U.S almost overnight. Soon, there were many mail-order requests that the Middlebury post office had to be redesigned to handle the volume. At one point, Kreider Nurseries was the largest employer in Middlebury. In 1946, in an attempt to keep growing, Kreider Nurseries spent $11,000 on a patent for a thornless rose dubbed "Festival." It was the most amount of money ever paid by a single nursery for a patent - and they had to learn to cultivate it all on their own. Another Kreider claim to fame was that the nursery provided all the roses for Tricia Nixon's wedding. Despite their successes, Kreider's business declined in the 1980s. By 1990, Kreider Nursery closed for good - almost 100 years after Vernon's humble start. Today the Kreider Nursery legacy is the Kreider Garden - lovingly restored and maintained by the Middlebury community since 1995. The garden pays homage to the display that Krider Nurseries created for the Chicago World's Fair - complete with the original Dutch windmill and the giant toadstool sculptures that were a hit with the crowds back in 1933-1934, as well as new elements like the ever-changing Quilt Garden, is one of several Quilt Gardens in Northern Indiana Amish Country.    Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener And remember: For a happy, healthy life, garden every day.

In introducing the Transcendentalist poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Peter Whitham, a member of our church takes us back to the socio-political milieu of England in the late 18th Century, when revolutionary ideas - fueled by inequality, poverty, unemployment, hunger and a life expectancy of less than 40 years - had spread from France. A paranoid British Government suspected Unitarian free-thinkers and reformers such as Joseph Priestley and Thomas Fyshe-Palmer of sedition. Into this political maelstrom came the Transcendentalist Romantic Poets - Wordsworth, Coleridge and - later, the American poet, Ralph Waldo Emerson. They argued for a Transcendent God. Coleridge - and other Unitarian idealists helped shape the Unitarian, reformist values of the time: adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of humanity and - for the revelation of our deepest truths - the supremacy of insight over logic and experience. listen on for Peter's insightful address.

In this reading, we meet the English chemist, philosopher, theologian, educator, and theorist Joseph Priestley as he grapples with a life-changing decision. What would you have done? In Decisive, Chip and Dan Heath draw on decades of psychological research to explain why we so often get it very badly wrong - why our supposedly rational brains are frequently tripped up by powerful biases and wishful thinking. At the same time, they demonstrate how relatively easy it is to avoid the pitfalls and find the best answers, offering four simple principles that we can all learn and follow. In the process, they show why it is that experts frequently make mistakes. They demonstrate the perils of getting trapped in a narrow decision frame. And they explore people's tendency to be over-confident about how their choices will unfold. Order your copy of Decisive from your local bookshop or here on Amazon.

Benjamin Franklin, inventor of bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, one of those that wrote the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, ambassador, Governor of Pennsylvania, on June 10 1752 in Philadelphia, flew a kite during a thunderstorm and collected an ambient electrical charge in a Leyden jar, enabling him to demonstrate the connection between lightning and electricity. According to the Franklin Institute, Franklin had been waiting for an opportunity like this. He wanted to demonstrate the electrical nature of lightning, and to do so, he needed a thunderstorm. He had his materials at the ready: a simple kite made with a large silk handkerchief, a hemp string, and a silk string. He also had a house key, a Leyden jar (a device that could store an electrical charge for later use), and a sharp length of wire. His son William assisted him. Franklin had originally planned to conduct the experiment atop a Philadelphia church spire, according to his contemporary, British scientist Joseph Priestley (who, incidentally, is credited with discovering oxygen), but he changed his plans when he realized he could achieve the same goal by using a kite. Franklin and his son “took the opportunity of the first approaching thunder storm to take a walk into a field,” Priestley wrote in his account. “To demonstrate, in the completest manner possible, the sameness of the electric fluid with the matter of lightning, Dr. Franklin, astonishing as it must have appeared, contrived actually to bring lightning from the heavens, by means of an electrical kite, which he raised when a storm of thunder was perceived to be coming on.” Despite a common misconception, Benjamin Franklin did not discover electricity during this experiment—or at all, for that matter. Electrical forces had been recognized for more than a thousand years, and scientists had worked extensively with static electricity. Franklin's experiment demonstrated the connection between lightning and electricity. To dispel another myth, Franklin's kite was not struck by lightning. If it had been, he probably would have been electrocuted. Franklin became interested in electricity in the mid-1740s, a time when much was still unknown on the topic, and spent almost a decade conducting electrical experiments. He coined a number of terms used today, including battery, conductor and electrician. He also invented the lightning rod, used to protect buildings and ships. By the time he died in 1790 he was arguably the most famous man in the world.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today's address, given on the 11th April, 2021 in our Adelaide Church is given by one of our oldest members, Dr Bob Brummitt. Bob takes us on a personal journey of significant historical events and discoveries - some of them shaped by early Unitarians such as Joseph Priestley (1733 - 1804) - that led Bob - as an 11-year-old - to refuse to be confirmed, to reject traditional Church dogma, and to embrace Unitarianism. Listen on!

Works Cited "Avogadro's Number." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Web. 03 May 2021. "The Discovery of the Electron." The Discovery of the Electron. Web. 03 May 2021. "Greatest Discoveries with Bill Nye - Chemistry." YouTube. YouTube, 17 Nov. 2016. Web. 03 May 2021. "History of Chemistry." Chemistry History. Web. 03 May 2021. "Joseph Priestley." Joseph Priestley. Web. 03 May 2021.

Today we celebrate the botanist who discovered photosynthesis. We'll also learn about the Linnean Society Librarian, who was a botanist and explorer in his own right. We’ll remember the judge who created a new kind of berry. We hear a long-forgotten verse about a rose and a raspberry. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book about smart gardening in harsh, dry places. And then we’ll wrap things up with adorable instructions about how to make a sugarplum tree out of pine cones.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” And she will. It's just that easy.   The Daily Gardener Friday Newsletter Sign up for the FREE Friday Newsletter featuring: A personal update from me Garden-related items for your calendar The Grow That Garden Library™ featured books for the week Gardener gift ideas Garden-inspired recipes Exclusive updates regarding the show Plus, each week, one lucky subscriber wins a book from the Grow That Garden Library™ bookshelf.   Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org.   Curated News Italy's Olive Trees Are Dying. Can They Be Saved? | National Geographic | Alejandra Borunda    Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and blog posts for yourself, you're in luck. I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So, there’s no need to take notes or search for links. The next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community where you’d search for a friend... and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events  December 8, 1730 Today is the birthday of the Dutch physician, physiologist, and botanist Jan Ingenhousz (“ENG-in-house”). Jan made one of the most significant botanical discoveries in history: photosynthesis. Jan served as the personal physician to the royal Habsburg family in Austria. In 1771, Jan traveled to England with a group that included Benjamin Franklin. During their trip, the group called on Joseph Priestley, who had just made his own impressive discovery: that plant leaves absorb and emit gases. Eight years later, Jan wrapped up his work with the Habsburgs and moved his family to England. In a fascinating turn of events, Jan started testing his ideas about plants in the same laboratory that Joseph Priestly had used - at Bowood House. Jan extended Priestley’s work by adding light as a variable to his experiments. When Jan’s plants were placed underwater in a clear container, Jan exposed them to darkness and sunlight. In the dark, only a few bubbles appeared on the plant. A more exaggerated reaction occurred when Jan’s plants in the tank were placed in the sun: lots of little bubbles appeared on the leaves’ undersides. Jan learned that the bubbles made in sunlight contained oxygen, and the bubbles made in darkness contained carbon dioxide. Jan had proved photosynthesis.   December 8, 1800  Today is the birthday of the Scottish botanist, naturalist, and explorer David Don. David grew up in a family with five brothers and one sister. His father, George Don, was a nurseryman. The Don’s provided plants to botanists and supplied produce to the people living near their nursery. In 1802, David’s father became Superintendent of the Edinburgh Botanical Gardens. Both David and his older brother, George Jr, became botanists. As a young man, David moved to London and became a fellow of the Linnean Society. One of David’s first jobs was as the botanist Aylmer Bourke Lambert’s personal librarian, and Aylmer had an extraordinary personal library and herbarium. This job helped David become the Linnean Society librarian - a position he held for almost twenty years. At the age of 35, David became the first Professor of Botany at Kings College in London. Shortly after starting his professorship, David discovered a malignant tumor on his neck. He died in 1841, two weeks short of his 42nd birthday.   December 8, 1841 Today is the birthday of the California Superior Court judge and gardener James Harvey Logan. An avid gardener, Judge Logan enjoyed trying his hand at hybridizing. In 1881, Logan was working with blackberries. He crossed a local wild blackberry with a cultivated blackberry known as the Auginbaugh. At the same time, Logan had some Red Antwerp raspberries growing in his garden. In a completely unexpected development, Logan’s work resulted in a cross between his crossed blackberry and the Antwerp raspberry; the result was the Loganberry. Two years later, the Loganberry was introduced to the public by the University of California. Santa Cruz County published a feature on the Loganberry, which said: “The vines or canes of the Loganberry grow entirely unlike either the blackberry or raspberry. They trail or grow upon the ground more like the dewberry. They are exceedingly strong growers, each shoot or branch reaching a growth of eight to ten feet in one season without irrigation... The canes or vines are very large—without the thorns of the blackberry bushes—but have very fine soft spines, much like those of raspberry bushes… The fruit… has the combined flavor of both berries, pleasant, mild, vinous, delightful to the taste, and peculiar to this fruit alone. It is excellent for the table, eaten raw or cooked, and for jelly or jam is without an equal. The vines are enormous bearers, and the fruit is very firm and carries well.”   Unearthed Words A rose once bloomed in a garden, White and dainty and fair, By the garden wall at evenfall It dreamed and nodded there; And a raspberry bush climbed over the wall And hung in a rakish pose; "Haven't we met somewhere, my pet?" The raspberry said to the rose. The pure white rose turned whiter, And trembled upon its stalk; One of its petals slowly settled Down on the garden walk; "I'm not the kind of a rose,” she said, "That blossoms in studios; You're wicked, very, you red raspberry!" To the raspberry said the rose. "Be mine, be mine, O maiden rose !" The wicked raspberry cried; But the rose was brave and cried, "Behave! Begone to, your raspberry bride; The rose may only woo the rose, The cherry espouse the cherry, The gypsy maid gets the gypsy blade, The raspberry gets the berry!" "Rose, you have torn in tatters A raspberry heart today; To make you share my own despair, I'll throw myself away; And maybe you'll be sorry And cease to be so merry When it is said that I have wed A horrid black blackberry !" And just to pain a sweet little rose — Lovers are very queer — He made a match in the blackberry patch And ruined his own career; And from that shameful mating 'Twas only temporary — Was born that wild, alluring child, The lovely loganberry! — Morris Bishop, American scholar, historian, biographer, essayist, translator, anthologist, and versifier, Saturday Evening Post, The Legend Of The Loganberry   Grow That Garden Library Planting Design for Dry Gardens by Olivier Filippi This book came out in 2016, and the subtitle is Beautiful, Resilient Groundcovers for Terraces, Paved Areas, Gravel and Other Alternatives to the Lawn. In this book, Olivier brings his 25 years of studying plants in the world’s driest places. The author of The Dry Gardening Handbook, Oliver, understands how to grow groundcovers in the most challenging situations. While green lawns are the goal for most homeowners, they often look scrappy and brown due to one reason or another. Olivier’s book offers groundcover designs that are eco-friendly and so gorgeous that they redefine the boundaries between traditional lawn and innovative plant borders. Olivier drew his inspiration from the wild plant communities of Europe, the Middle East, and the U.S. By rigorously trialing plant combinations, Olivier discovered plant selections that are vigorous and hardy on terraces, paths, gravel beds, and flower borders, as well as open yard spaces. Olivier’s smart plant choices include tough new macrothermal grasses, carpeting groundcovers, and stunning wildflower mixes that thrive among gravel and stone. And Olivier thoughtfully includes an indispensable plant directory with over 200 tough and gorgeous dry garden plants that will delight gardeners. This book is 240 pages of lush groundcovers to help you create a sustainable and low maintenance space. You can get a copy of Planting Design for Dry Gardens by Olivier Filippi and support the show using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $30   Today’s Botanic Spark Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart In 1935, Diana Park’s Garden Forum in The Pittsburgh Press shared an adorable suggestion from a young reader about making a sugarplum tree: Have you thought of making a sugarplum tree out of pine cones for Christmas gifts? Perhaps your father could drive you to a place where evergreens grow. Take a basket, and in the woods, you will probably find plenty of cones to fill it. Get all the sizes you can find, large, small, and medium, perfect, and broken. The defective ones may be sewed into a bright colored bag for burning on Christmas eve. Save all the seed out of the brackets and plant it in a sheltered place outdoors over winter, and perhaps you may grow some trees of your own next year. The sugar-plum tree is made as follows: Wash the largest cone you have, drying it well, paint the tips with chocolate frosting and stick rainbow-colored gum-drops on the chocolate frosting. This makes a very colorful sugar-plum tree and will be welcomed by almost anybody as a surprise from a little girl at Christmas-time. Then, of course, you can paint cones with gold paint and use them as Christmas tree decorations. Hemlock cones are small and can be gilded or colored. Then glue on cards, making nice place-cards for Christmas parties.   Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener. And remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

June 10, 1752: Benjamin Franklin, inventor of bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, one of those that wrote the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, ambassador, Governor of Pennsylvania, on June 10 1752 in Philadelphia, flew a kite during a thunderstorm and collected an ambient electrical charge in a Leyden jar, enabling him to demonstrate the connection between lightning and electricity. According to the Franklin Institute, Franklin had been waiting for an opportunity like this. He wanted to demonstrate the electrical nature of lightning, and to do so, he needed a thunderstorm. He had his materials at the ready: a simple kite made with a large silk handkerchief, a hemp string, and a silk string. He also had a house key, a Leyden jar (a device that could store an electrical charge for later use), and a sharp length of wire. His son William assisted him. Franklin had originally planned to conduct the experiment atop a Philadelphia church spire, according to his contemporary, British scientist Joseph Priestley (who, incidentally, is credited with discovering oxygen), but he changed his plans when he realized he could achieve the same goal by using a kite. Franklin and his son “took the opportunity of the first approaching thunder storm to take a walk into a field,” Priestley wrote in his account. “To demonstrate, in the completest manner possible, the sameness of the electric fluid with the matter of lightning, Dr. Franklin, astonishing as it must have appeared, contrived actually to bring lightning from the heavens, by means of an electrical kite, which he raised when a storm of thunder was perceived to be coming on.” Despite a common misconception, Benjamin Franklin did not discover electricity during this experiment—or at all, for that matter. Electrical forces had been recognized for more than a thousand years, and scientists had worked extensively with static electricity. Franklin’s experiment demonstrated the connection between lightning and electricity. To dispel another myth, Franklin’s kite was not struck by lightning. If it had been, he probably would have been electrocuted. Franklin became interested in electricity in the mid-1740s, a time when much was still unknown on the topic, and spent almost a decade conducting electrical experiments. He coined a number of terms used today, including battery, conductor and electrician. He also invented the lightning rod, used to protect buildings and ships. By the time he died in 1790 he was arguably the most famous man in the world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

That's right, you read right- we’re going to dive deep into the depths of our favorite carbonated liquid and bit of its history. This one is bubbling with referecnes everyone, on this minreal infused edition of the Bellingham Podcast. Sparkling water (the differences) (https://skillet.lifehacker.com/the-difference-between-club-soda-seltzer-and-sparkling-1787683786) - from Lifehacker’s Skillet section * *Club Soda:* Club soda is plain water with added minerals and dissolved solids, usually sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, disodium phosphate, and—less commonly—plain ol’ sodium chloride. The carbonation in is added, rather than naturally occurring, and the taste can range from practically flavorless to slightly salty or bitter. Its lack of strong flavor makes it a good choice for adding some effervescence to cocktails, lemonade, or juice.* *Seltzer (Sparkling Water): *Seltzer is just plain water that has been carbonated, but is (usually) lacking in minerals. Some varieties are flavored with fruit “essence” and oils, and are meant to be enjoyed on their own. Though they lack the slight mineral bite of club soda, they make a pretty good cocktail, especially if you just want to add a tad of flavor by way of pamplemousse or some other fruit oil. [ CP - named for the town of Seltsers, Germany. From the Science History Institute Podcast episode: The Unnatural History of a Carbonated Drink (https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/fizzy-water). ] * *Sparkling Mineral Water:* Sparkling mineral water usually comes from a natural spring or well, and can be naturally carbonated, depending on the source. As its name would suggest, there are some minerals in there, though the type and amount of dissolved solids vary from brand to brand. Mineral water is usually best enjoyed on its own, as the flavor imparted by all the minerals (such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium) can be distracting in a cocktail.* Tonic Water*Spa towns and Niederseltzers*What are we drinking? - Get to Know Your Sparkling water choices1783: Scheweppes- watchmaker...and bubble entrepenuer: Founded in Geneva then 10 years later moved to Londo https://www.schweppesus.com/ San Pellegrino - 120 years old https://www.sanpellegrino.com/us/enPerrier - 150 years old https://www.perrier.com/us/* A French brand of natural bottled (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water) mineral water (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water) captured at the source in Vergèze (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verg%C3%A8ze), located in the Gard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gard) département (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement). Perrier is best known for its naturally occurring carbonation, distinctive green bottle, and higher levels of carbonation than its peers. La Croix - The anti-Perrier?From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Croix_Sparkling_Water. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Croix_Sparkling_Water)In 1981 the G. Heileman Brewing Company of La Crosse, Wisconsin, introduced LaCroix as one of the first "Anti-Perrier" brands. Meant to appeal to sparkling water consumers who were put off by Perrier's "snobbish positioning", LaCroix marketed to its niche by imaging itself as an "all occasion" beverage. In spring of 2015, with sugary soda sales plummeting to a 30-year low in the US, National Beverage saw an opportunity to expand their consumer base, subsequently launching a marketing campaign for the beverage on social media, specifically targeting millennials.Their marketing efforts have since helped position LaCroix with mainstream news outlets as a healthier alternative to sugary soda, as well as a mixer for popular cocktails.Bubly Sparkling Water (https://www.bubly.com/#/) - a PepsiCo company. Be prepared for a Michael Buble-infused, colorful, ADHD website.Canada Dry Sparkling Seltzer Water (https://www.canadadry.com/products/sparkling_seltzer_water) - FYI, made in Canada since 1904. Best known for its Ginger Ale. “The champagne of soda.”Dasani Sparkling (https://www.dasani.com/products/sparkling/) - a Coca Cola company. Fourteen flavors available.Spindrift (https://spindriftfresh.com/) - Founded in 2010, 5-8% real fruit juice in every can instead of “natural flavors.” Small company with 99 employees.VOSS (https://vosswater.com/)- was conceived back in 1998 by childhood friends, Ole Christian Sandberg and Christopher Harlem. They started out as a venture that purchased a small *water* company in Vatnestrøm, Norway* *AJ’s Desert Island Fizzy Companion: **Chris’ Desert Island Fizzy Companion:* A berry-flavored sparkling/seltzer beverage, but he leans towards Raspberry Bubly.Beverage HackingSome SodaStream owners hook up a heavy carbon dioxide tank (https://www.wsj.com/articles/want-even-cheaper-seltzer-some-fanatics-hack-their-sodastream-machines-1537458688) (think welding) or a paintball canister (https://www.wired.com/2016/03/sodamod/) to their SodaStream instead of the original gas canisters. “...per-bottle cost is roughly 25 cents per liter of carbonated water. It's much cheaper than supermarket seltzer, and it involves less worry about the environmental costs of making plastic and glass bottles and shipping them around the world.” “When I refill my two new tanks, it costs $10 instead of $45, and I've got some nice, cheap fizz on tap.”Home Carbonation Setup for Unlimited Seltzer (https://www.instructables.com/id/Home-carbonation-setup-for-unlimited-seltzer/) - A DIY recipe from Instructables.com (http://instructables.com/) that only costs $1,000. Take a $150 little bar fridge modified with beer tower/faucets and a reverse osmosis system. #YouDoTheMathOr drop $100 on a Drinkmate Carbonation Maker (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B018K1C3KK?tag=thewire06-20&linkCode=xm2&ascsubtag=AwEAAAAAAAAAAXCx) on that online website marketplace. Deep Dive into bubbly LearningThe Origins of Soda Water (https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history/origins-soda-water) - 1874, Joseph Priestley's home in Leeds happened to be next to a brewery which gave off plenty of vapors. He became interested in these "airs" as he called them, particularly in the one that was responsible for the bubbles in beer. This "fixed air" he recognized as the same gas that made certain naturally occurring spring waters effervescent. Priestley combined sulfuric acid and chalk to form carbon dioxide, although he of course did not recognize the gas. He collected the gas in a pig's bladder and found a way to use it to carbonate water. He was awarded the Royal Society's prestigious Copley Medal for his publication on "Directions for Impregnating water with Fixed Air." Soda water, as the fizzy stuff was called, became very popular. But John Nooth, a Scottish physician, complained that the use of a pig bladder imparted an off flavour to the water, and to solve the problem, developed a glass apparatus for carbonating water. This found widespread use in shops and homes. The soda boom had begun.2018 Quartz piece on How Seltzer took over Americahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrJrq4-Jn4Y&t=1sBUBBLES IN THE BUBBLE https://qz.com/1364156/the-only-people-more-obsessed-with-sparkling-water-than-millennials-are-venture-capitalists/ “The only people more obsessed with sparkling water than millennials are venture capitalists“2017 Bon Appétit (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbpMy0Fg74eXXkvxJrtEn3w)’s Brooklyn's Last Seltzer Men | I Got a Guyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agAkMbk20y4A century ago, New Yorkers got their fizzy water from the thousands of seltzer men that delivered to the five boroughs. Alex Gomberg is a fourth generation seltzer man and, as Brooklyn's youngest, he's trying to keep the business alive. 2016 Great Big Story’s The Last of the Seltzermenhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6xDt2RwR7YGomberg Seltzer Works is the last seltzer company in New York City. It's been around since 1953, fills up 3,000 bottles and has seltzer deliverymen attend to their customers in the New York area. There are eight seltzer men at Gomberg, who are all pretty entering old age. This is a story about the remaining few dedicated to the craft of old fashion seltzer.Find us on the WebAJ: ajbarse.com (http://ajbarse.com/)Chris: chrispowell.co (http://chrispowell.co/)“Community-Powered KMRE, 102.3 FM airing our show Mondays @ 6:30 pm and Thursdays @ 6:00 pmand streaming worldwide at kmre.org” (http://kmre.org/)Randy Rhoads, Kirk Hammett

That's right, you read right- we’re going to dive deep into the depths of our favorite carbonated liquid and bit of its history. This one is bubbling with referecnes everyone, on this minreal infused edition of the Bellingham Podcast. Sparkling water (the differences) (https://skillet.lifehacker.com/the-difference-between-club-soda-seltzer-and-sparkling-1787683786) - from Lifehacker’s Skillet section * *Club Soda:* Club soda is plain water with added minerals and dissolved solids, usually sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, disodium phosphate, and—less commonly—plain ol’ sodium chloride. The carbonation in is added, rather than naturally occurring, and the taste can range from practically flavorless to slightly salty or bitter. Its lack of strong flavor makes it a good choice for adding some effervescence to cocktails, lemonade, or juice.* *Seltzer (Sparkling Water): *Seltzer is just plain water that has been carbonated, but is (usually) lacking in minerals. Some varieties are flavored with fruit “essence” and oils, and are meant to be enjoyed on their own. Though they lack the slight mineral bite of club soda, they make a pretty good cocktail, especially if you just want to add a tad of flavor by way of pamplemousse or some other fruit oil. [ CP - named for the town of Seltsers, Germany. From the Science History Institute Podcast episode: The Unnatural History of a Carbonated Drink (https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/fizzy-water). ] * *Sparkling Mineral Water:* Sparkling mineral water usually comes from a natural spring or well, and can be naturally carbonated, depending on the source. As its name would suggest, there are some minerals in there, though the type and amount of dissolved solids vary from brand to brand. Mineral water is usually best enjoyed on its own, as the flavor imparted by all the minerals (such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium) can be distracting in a cocktail.* Tonic Water*Spa towns and Niederseltzers*What are we drinking? - Get to Know Your Sparkling water choices1783: Scheweppes- watchmaker...and bubble entrepenuer: Founded in Geneva then 10 years later moved to Londo https://www.schweppesus.com/ San Pellegrino - 120 years old https://www.sanpellegrino.com/us/enPerrier - 150 years old https://www.perrier.com/us/* A French brand of natural bottled (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water) mineral water (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_water) captured at the source in Vergèze (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verg%C3%A8ze), located in the Gard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gard) département (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement). Perrier is best known for its naturally occurring carbonation, distinctive green bottle, and higher levels of carbonation than its peers. La Croix - The anti-Perrier?From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Croix_Sparkling_Water. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Croix_Sparkling_Water)In 1981 the G. Heileman Brewing Company of La Crosse, Wisconsin, introduced LaCroix as one of the first "Anti-Perrier" brands. Meant to appeal to sparkling water consumers who were put off by Perrier's "snobbish positioning", LaCroix marketed to its niche by imaging itself as an "all occasion" beverage. In spring of 2015, with sugary soda sales plummeting to a 30-year low in the US, National Beverage saw an opportunity to expand their consumer base, subsequently launching a marketing campaign for the beverage on social media, specifically targeting millennials.Their marketing efforts have since helped position LaCroix with mainstream news outlets as a healthier alternative to sugary soda, as well as a mixer for popular cocktails.Bubly Sparkling Water (https://www.bubly.com/#/) - a PepsiCo company. Be prepared for a Michael Buble-infused, colorful, ADHD website.Canada Dry Sparkling Seltzer Water (https://www.canadadry.com/products/sparkling_seltzer_water) - FYI, made in Canada since 1904. Best known for its Ginger Ale. “The champagne of soda.”Dasani Sparkling (https://www.dasani.com/products/sparkling/) - a Coca Cola company. Fourteen flavors available.Spindrift (https://spindriftfresh.com/) - Founded in 2010, 5-8% real fruit juice in every can instead of “natural flavors.” Small company with 99 employees.VOSS (https://vosswater.com/)- was conceived back in 1998 by childhood friends, Ole Christian Sandberg and Christopher Harlem. They started out as a venture that purchased a small *water* company in Vatnestrøm, Norway* *AJ’s Desert Island Fizzy Companion: **Chris’ Desert Island Fizzy Companion:* A berry-flavored sparkling/seltzer beverage, but he leans towards Raspberry Bubly.Beverage HackingSome SodaStream owners hook up a heavy carbon dioxide tank (https://www.wsj.com/articles/want-even-cheaper-seltzer-some-fanatics-hack-their-sodastream-machines-1537458688) (think welding) or a paintball canister (https://www.wired.com/2016/03/sodamod/) to their SodaStream instead of the original gas canisters. “...per-bottle cost is roughly 25 cents per liter of carbonated water. It's much cheaper than supermarket seltzer, and it involves less worry about the environmental costs of making plastic and glass bottles and shipping them around the world.” “When I refill my two new tanks, it costs $10 instead of $45, and I've got some nice, cheap fizz on tap.”Home Carbonation Setup for Unlimited Seltzer (https://www.instructables.com/id/Home-carbonation-setup-for-unlimited-seltzer/) - A DIY recipe from Instructables.com (http://instructables.com/) that only costs $1,000. Take a $150 little bar fridge modified with beer tower/faucets and a reverse osmosis system. #YouDoTheMathOr drop $100 on a Drinkmate Carbonation Maker (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B018K1C3KK?tag=thewire06-20&linkCode=xm2&ascsubtag=AwEAAAAAAAAAAXCx) on that online website marketplace. Deep Dive into bubbly LearningThe Origins of Soda Water (https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history/origins-soda-water) - 1874, Joseph Priestley's home in Leeds happened to be next to a brewery which gave off plenty of vapors. He became interested in these "airs" as he called them, particularly in the one that was responsible for the bubbles in beer. This "fixed air" he recognized as the same gas that made certain naturally occurring spring waters effervescent. Priestley combined sulfuric acid and chalk to form carbon dioxide, although he of course did not recognize the gas. He collected the gas in a pig's bladder and found a way to use it to carbonate water. He was awarded the Royal Society's prestigious Copley Medal for his publication on "Directions for Impregnating water with Fixed Air." Soda water, as the fizzy stuff was called, became very popular. But John Nooth, a Scottish physician, complained that the use of a pig bladder imparted an off flavour to the water, and to solve the problem, developed a glass apparatus for carbonating water. This found widespread use in shops and homes. The soda boom had begun.2018 Quartz piece on How Seltzer took over Americahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrJrq4-Jn4Y&t=1sBUBBLES IN THE BUBBLE https://qz.com/1364156/the-only-people-more-obsessed-with-sparkling-water-than-millennials-are-venture-capitalists/ “The only people more obsessed with sparkling water than millennials are venture capitalists“2017 Bon Appétit (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbpMy0Fg74eXXkvxJrtEn3w)’s Brooklyn's Last Seltzer Men | I Got a Guyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agAkMbk20y4A century ago, New Yorkers got their fizzy water from the thousands of seltzer men that delivered to the five boroughs. Alex Gomberg is a fourth generation seltzer man and, as Brooklyn's youngest, he's trying to keep the business alive. 2016 Great Big Story’s The Last of the Seltzermenhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6xDt2RwR7YGomberg Seltzer Works is the last seltzer company in New York City. It's been around since 1953, fills up 3,000 bottles and has seltzer deliverymen attend to their customers in the New York area. There are eight seltzer men at Gomberg, who are all pretty entering old age. This is a story about the remaining few dedicated to the craft of old fashion seltzer.Find us on the WebAJ: ajbarse.com (http://ajbarse.com/)Chris: chrispowell.co (http://chrispowell.co/)“Community-Powered KMRE, 102.3 FM airing our show Mondays @ 6:30 pm and Thursdays @ 6:00 pmand streaming worldwide at kmre.org” (http://kmre.org/)Randy Rhoads, Kirk Hammett

Don't worry TeeJay's not going all Magnus Magnusson on you and she won't be asking you about your specialist subject and general knowledge, while your on a black leather chair under a bright spotlight.  Instead she's talking about mastermind groups. If you've never heard of a mastermind group then TeeJay is here to explain them and tell you why you need to be in one. A mastermind group is a peer-to-peer mentoring concept used to help members solve their problems with input and advice from the other group members.  TeeJay has been a member of a number of mastermind groups but she didn't realise until recently that they began in Birmingham more than 200 years ago with the creation of https://www.lunarsociety.org.uk/ (The Lunar Society). Members included James Watt, Josiah Wedgwood, Erasmus Darwin and Joseph Priestley. They met once a month, discussed ideas, challenged each other and held each other to account too. The saying “show me the people you spend your time with and I'll show you your life” had a massive impact on TeeJay in 2013 and encouraged her to shift her peer group. She looked at herself and decided the five people she spent most time with were not the people she wanted to become, as much as she loved them.Mastermind groups offer a chance for you to find people who will push you, support you, cheer you on but also kick you up the ass when you need it. TeeJay shares her experience of being a member of a couple of different mastermind groups and she has some tips for you to get one started and keep it going.Her number one tip - decide what you want the group to achieve - for the rest you'll have to listen! For your challenge this week you need a pen and paper and a little bit of bravery! Get in touch with TeeJay and let her know how you are getting on in any of the ways below... info@ignition.rocks You can connect with TeeJay on social media Instagram search for https://www.instagram.com/ignition.rocks/?hl=en (Ignition Rocks) Facebook search for Ihttps://www.facebook.com/IgnitionYP/ (gnitionYP) Twitter search for https://twitter.com/Ignition2017 (@ignition2017) Music Credit: https://www.purple-planet.com/ (Purple Planet Music) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In der Wissenschaft ist meist alles eine Frage der (richtigen) Theorie. Die von Joseph Priestley um "eine Art Luft" und Phlogiston konnte sich nicht durchsetzen.

Facebook (https://m.facebook.com/thespaceshot/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/johnmulnix/) Twitter (https://twitter.com/johnmulnix) Episode Links: Benjamin Franklin- Letter to Joseph Priestley, February 8th, 1780 (http://franklinpapers.org/franklin/framedVolumes.jsp?vol=31&page=455a) Benjamin Frankin- Letter to Rev. Dr. Lathrop, May 31st, 1788 (https://books.google.com/books?id=yXFXAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA244&ots=0rlG-2fYmO&dq=franklin%20I%20have%20sometimes%20almost%20wished%20it%20had%20been%20my%20destiny%20to%20be%20born%20two%20or%20three%20centuries%20hence.%20%20For%20invention%20and%20improvement%20are%20prolific%20and%20beget%20more%20of%20their%20kind.%20%20The%20present%20progress%20is%20rapid.&pg=PA244#v=onepage&q=franklin%20I%20have%20sometimes%20almost%20wished%20it%20had%20been%20my%20destiny%20to%20be%20born%20two%20or%20three%20centuries%20hence.%20%20For%20invention%20and%20improvement%20are%20prolific%20and%20beget%20more%20of%20their%20kind.%20%20The%20present%20progress%20is%20rapid.&f=false)

For more than one-fifth of his life, Benjamin Franklin lived in London. He dined with prime ministers, members of parliament, even kings, as well as with Britain’s most esteemed intellectuals—including David Hume, Joseph Priestley, and Erasmus Darwin. In this fascinating history, George Goodwin gives a colorful account of Franklin’s British years. The author offers a rich and revealing portrait of one of the most remarkable figures in U.S. history, effectively disputing the commonly held perception of Franklin as an outsider in British politics. It is an enthralling study of an American patriot who was a fiercely loyal British citizen for most of his life—until forces he had sought and failed to control finally made him a reluctant revolutionary at the age of sixty-nine. George Goodwin is the author of numerous articles and two previous histories, Fatal Colours: Towton 1461 and Fatal Rivalry: Henry VIII, James IV, and the Battle for Renaissance Britain. He is currently Author in Residence at the Benjamin Franklin House in London and was a 2014 International Fellow at the Robert H. Smith International Center for Jefferson Studies, Monticello. He lives close to London’s Kew Gardens.

Originally published in essay form on March 7, 2012.Narrated by James Foster. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Today we talk to J. D. Bowers of Northern Illinois University about his book Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007). Against the received wisdom, Bowers argues that American Unitarianism did not emerge solely from indigenous Boston-based Congregationalism. Instead, he shows that Joseph Priestly and English Unitarianism exercised considerable influence on the church throughout the nineteenth century, despite what the Unitarians themselves claimed. Mark D. McGarvie of the University of Richmond calls the book “beautifully and persuasively written,” and Daniel Walker Howe of Oxford and UCLA says Bower's work is “A resolute and positive reaffirmation of Joseph Priestly's place in the heritage of American Unitarianism.” Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven't already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today we talk to J. D. Bowers of Northern Illinois University about his book Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007). Against the received wisdom, Bowers argues that American Unitarianism did not emerge solely from indigenous Boston-based Congregationalism. Instead, he shows that Joseph Priestly and English Unitarianism exercised considerable influence on the church throughout the nineteenth century, despite what the Unitarians themselves claimed. Mark D. McGarvie of the University of Richmond calls the book “beautifully and persuasively written,” and Daniel Walker Howe of Oxford and UCLA says Bower’s work is “A resolute and positive reaffirmation of Joseph Priestly’s place in the heritage of American Unitarianism.” Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today we talk to J. D. Bowers of Northern Illinois University about his book Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007). Against the received wisdom, Bowers argues that American Unitarianism did not emerge solely from indigenous Boston-based Congregationalism. Instead, he shows that Joseph Priestly and English Unitarianism exercised considerable influence on the church throughout the nineteenth century, despite what the Unitarians themselves claimed. Mark D. McGarvie of the University of Richmond calls the book “beautifully and persuasively written,” and Daniel Walker Howe of Oxford and UCLA says Bower’s work is “A resolute and positive reaffirmation of Joseph Priestly’s place in the heritage of American Unitarianism.” Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today we talk to J. D. Bowers of Northern Illinois University about his book Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007). Against the received wisdom, Bowers argues that American Unitarianism did not emerge solely from indigenous Boston-based Congregationalism. Instead, he shows that Joseph Priestly and English Unitarianism exercised considerable influence on the church throughout the nineteenth century, despite what the Unitarians themselves claimed. Mark D. McGarvie of the University of Richmond calls the book “beautifully and persuasively written,” and Daniel Walker Howe of Oxford and UCLA says Bower’s work is “A resolute and positive reaffirmation of Joseph Priestly’s place in the heritage of American Unitarianism.” Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today we talk to J. D. Bowers of Northern Illinois University about his book Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007). Against the received wisdom, Bowers argues that American Unitarianism did not emerge solely from indigenous Boston-based Congregationalism. Instead, he shows that Joseph Priestly and English Unitarianism exercised considerable influence on the church throughout the nineteenth century, despite what the Unitarians themselves claimed. Mark D. McGarvie of the University of Richmond calls the book “beautifully and persuasively written,” and Daniel Walker Howe of Oxford and UCLA says Bower’s work is “A resolute and positive reaffirmation of Joseph Priestly’s place in the heritage of American Unitarianism.” Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Melvyn Bragg discusses the discovery of Oxygen by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier. In the late 18th century Chemistry was the prince of the sciences – vital to the economy, it shaped how Europeans fought each other, ate with each other, what they built and the medicine they took. And then, in 1772, the British chemist, Joseph Priestley, stood in front of the Royal Society and reported on his latest discovery: “this air is of exalted nature…A candle burned in this air with an amazing strength of flame; and a bit of red hot wood crackled and burned with a prodigious rapidity. But to complete the proof of the superior quality of this air, I introduced a mouse into it; and in a quantity in which, had it been common air, it would have died in about a quarter of an hour; it lived at two different times, a whole hour, and was taken out quite vigorous.” For the British dissenting preacher, Joseph Priestley, and the French aristocrat, Antoine Lavoisier, Chemistry was full of possibilities and they pursued them for scientific and political ends. But they came to blows over oxygen because they both claimed to have discovered it, provoking a scientific controversy that rattled through the laboratories of France and England until well after their deaths. To understand their disagreement is to understand something about the nature of scientific discovery itself. With Simon Schaffer, Professor in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge; Jenny Uglow, Honorary Visiting Professor at the University of Warwick; Hasok Chang, Reader in Philosophy of Science at University College London.

Melvyn Bragg discusses the discovery of Oxygen by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier. In the late 18th century Chemistry was the prince of the sciences – vital to the economy, it shaped how Europeans fought each other, ate with each other, what they built and the medicine they took. And then, in 1772, the British chemist, Joseph Priestley, stood in front of the Royal Society and reported on his latest discovery: “this air is of exalted nature…A candle burned in this air with an amazing strength of flame; and a bit of red hot wood crackled and burned with a prodigious rapidity. But to complete the proof of the superior quality of this air, I introduced a mouse into it; and in a quantity in which, had it been common air, it would have died in about a quarter of an hour; it lived at two different times, a whole hour, and was taken out quite vigorous.” For the British dissenting preacher, Joseph Priestley, and the French aristocrat, Antoine Lavoisier, Chemistry was full of possibilities and they pursued them for scientific and political ends. But they came to blows over oxygen because they both claimed to have discovered it, provoking a scientific controversy that rattled through the laboratories of France and England until well after their deaths. To understand their disagreement is to understand something about the nature of scientific discovery itself. With Simon Schaffer, Professor in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge; Jenny Uglow, Honorary Visiting Professor at the University of Warwick; Hasok Chang, Reader in Philosophy of Science at University College London.