Reformed Forum

In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey and Jim Cassidy engage in a lively and theologically rich conversation. Fresh from attending Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary's summer seminar with David Hall and Carl Trueman, Camden shares highlights from the event before turning to the main topic: a preview of the 2025 Reformed Forum Theology Conference. This year's theme—The Things Concerning Himself: Christ in All the Scriptures—will explore how the entire Bible, from Genesis to Revelation, reveals Christ as the sum and substance of God's covenantal plan. Camden and Jim walk through each of the planned addresses, reflecting on why Christ is not an “added-on” figure to the Old Testament, but its very heart from the beginning. Along the way, they share personal ministry stories, insights on biblical theology, and a taste of the fellowship that makes these gatherings so special. Join us September 27, 2025 at Lakeland Church in Gurnee, Illinois, for an edifying day of teaching, conversation, and community. Come early for the Friday night pre-conference at Primo's Italian Steakhouse. Registration is now open, with early-bird rates through September 1, 2025. Learn more and reserve your spot at reformedforum.org/conference. Whether you are a pastor, student, or serious layperson, this conference will help you see more clearly how all of Scripture points to Christ—and how that transforms our understanding, devotion, and service to him. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:02:45 Basic Info on RF25 00:11:07 Greenville Summer Seminar 00:23:54 The Seed of Abraham 00:38:44 The Lamb of God 00:53:10 More Discussion of the Conference 00:56:21 Scholars Fellowship 01:03:44 Conclusion

This is the ninth lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. How do we put all the pieces together to faithfully defend our hope? In this lesson, we turn from theological foundations to practical methodology. You will learn how to construct a biblical and Reformed approach to apologetics—one that maintains the antithesis without compromise and resists conforming to unbelieving patterns of thought. We examine the two-step method, emphasizing internal critique and gospel proclamation, and contrast it with evidentialist, classical, and cumulative case approaches. Whether you are in a coffee shop or a classroom, this lesson equips you to defend the faith with theological integrity and practical confidence. 01:54 The Two-Step Method 04:19 Apologetics Is for Everyone 06:00 Apologetic Method Is Not Arbitrary 08:21 Building a Defense 11:28 Other Apologetic Methods 19:08 Summary and Conclusion  Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def...  Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/    #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

In this episode, we are joined by Rev. Dr. William D. Dennison, pastor of Emmanuel Orthodox Presbyterian Church in Kent, Washington, to reflect on Cornelius Van Til's student paper “Evil and Theodicy” and the enduring challenges of explaining evil in a world governed by a sovereign, good God. Dennison has edited The Problem of Evil, a new volume that includes an edition of this paper and a helpful introductory essay that brings Van Til's paper in dialogue with contemporary thinkers. Dr. Dennison offers a deeply personal and theological meditation on Van Til's conviction that God himself is the only sufficient theodicy. We explore how the mystery of evil cannot be unraveled by philosophical speculation or evidentialist reasoning, but only understood through the revelation of the triune God in Scripture. The conversation moves from Van Til's early insights as a seminary student to the contemporary relevance of his critique of autonomy, his rejection of theistic rationalism, and his insistence on beginning all thinking with the self-attesting Christ of Scripture. Along the way, Dr. Dennison shares biographical reflections on Van Til, his own pedagogical experiences in teaching apologetics, and the pastoral importance of grounding theological inquiry in the redemptive narrative of Scripture rather than speculative philosophy. This episode is a must for those who desire to think confessionally and presuppositionally about one of the most difficult questions in theology. Chapters [0:00:07] Introduction [0:05:04] Background to the Project [0:16:55] The Historical and Biographical Context of Van Til's Student Paper [0:22:55] Van Til's Main Point [0:28:21] God Is His Own Defense [0:35:26] Van Til and Plantinga's Free Will Defense [0:41:59] The Fourfold Estate of Man [0:54:42] Van Til's Critique of Kant [0:58:40] Treating Theodicy as a Fundamentally Religious Matter [1:08:45] Conclusion

This is the eighth lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. What fundamental commitments lie beneath every argument—ours and others'? In this lesson, we explore the essential concept of presuppositions: the foundational beliefs that shape how people interpret reality. We begin by surveying a range of influential thinkers who challenge the notion of objective, neutral knowledge. Though differing in emphasis, each demonstrate that human understanding is always shaped by deeper frameworks: whether through paradigms that govern scientific inquiry, social structures that define reality, or systems of power that shape what is accepted as truth. Building on this recognition, we turn to Cornelius Van Til, who shows that beneath all such frameworks lie ultimate commitments—religious in nature—that govern how people interpret every aspect of life. This lesson equips you to uncover the presuppositions behind objections to the faith and to expose the necessity of the Christian worldview as the only foundation for truth, meaning, and rationality. 01:06 Understanding Presuppositions 04:02 Key Thinkers and Concepts 10:28 The Theological Foundations of Presuppositions 14:10 The Danger of Autonomy 16:51 The Demand for Consistency 21:56 Compassionate Engagement with Unbelievers 23:58 Summary and Conclusion  Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def...   Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/    #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

David W. Saxton's God's Battle Plan for the Mind (Reformation Heritage Books, 2015) presents a compelling argument for recovering the lost art of biblical meditation, a discipline once central to Puritan piety and spiritual formation. Saxton argues that the modern church, though rich in theological resources and preaching, suffers from a superficial spirituality precisely because it has neglected meditation—a practice essential for transforming doctrinal knowledge into heartfelt godliness. Drawing extensively from the Puritans and Scripture, Saxton defines biblical meditation as the intentional, sustained, and spiritual reflection on God's Word. Unlike Eastern or mystical forms of meditation that promote mental emptying, biblical meditation involves filling the mind with divine truth, leading to spiritual transformation and godly living. The book is structured thematically, beginning with the importance of meditation, contrasting it with unbiblical forms, and moving through practical guidance on how to meditate—whether occasional or deliberate. It outlines occasions for meditation, offers advice on selecting subjects, and highlights both the benefits and the spiritual enemies of the practice. Saxton concludes with pastoral encouragement to begin and persist in this vital spiritual discipline. Rev. Saxton is pastor of Cambridge Bible Church in Cambridge, Ohio. Chapters 00:00 Mid-America Center for Missions and Evangelism Conference 01:41 Introduction 06:06 The Background to This Book 10:08 Distinguishing Meditation from Prayer 14:58 Why the Practice of Meditation Has Been Lost 18:12 Retraining Our Minds to Delight in the Right Things 21:44 God's Battle Plan for the Mind 25:22 Meditation as Essential to Spiritual Vitality 29:08 Practical Expectations 33:47 Steps to Beginning Effective Meditation 36:52 Occasional and Deliberate Meditation 42:37 Satan Especially Opposes Meditation 48:44 The Powerful Benefit of Meditation 53:15 The Spiritual Benefits of Meditation 59:10 Conclusion

This is the seventh lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. Is there any shared ground between believers and unbelievers? In this lesson, we explore the doctrine of common grace—the means by which God, in his goodness, temporarily restrains judgment and bestows non-saving blessings even on those who remain in rebellion against him. You will discover how this temporary, non-saving grace provides space for meaningful interaction, cultural engagement, and the proclamation of the gospel. Drawing from biblical and theological insights, including historical reflections from Calvin, Warfield, Kuyper, and Van Til, we examine how common grace enables communication without compromising the antithesis. Learn how to faithfully build bridges without erasing the gospel's call to repentance and faith. 01:53 The Nature and Scope of Common Grace  07:20 Common Grace in Redemptive History 09:51 Biblical Foundations of Common Grace 20:24 Common Grace and Apologetics 27:21 Historical Perspectives on Common Grace 35:57 Withstanding Rejection 39:11 Summary and Conclusion   Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def...   Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/    #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

In this episode, Camden Bucey welcomes Dr. David VanDrunen to discuss his new book, Faith in Exile: Psalm 119 and the Christian Life (Christian Focus). VanDrunen shares the backstory behind this unique project—his first published collection of sermons—and reflects on how Psalm 119, the Bible's longest chapter, unfolds a deep theology of suffering, obedience, and the pilgrim experience. Drawing from the structure and literary artistry of the Psalm, VanDrunen explores its unifying themes and situates it within the broader redemptive narrative. He highlights how the psalmist's experience of exile and longing resonates with believers today who sojourn in a world that is not their home. The conversation weaves together biblical theology, practical piety, and reflections on theological pedagogy—particularly the enduring influence of Dr. Robert Strimple. This episode offers rich insight into the Christian life shaped by the Word of God amid affliction, anticipation, and hope. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00 Mid-America Reformed Seminary CME Conference 01:41 Introduction 02:50 Westminster Seminary California Update 06:40 Remembering Dr. Robert Strimple 15:39 The Story Behind the Book 24:30 The Literary Features of Psalm 119 29:16 The Historical Context of the Psalm 36:24 The Theme of Obedience 57:05 Conclusion This is Christ the Center episode 917 (https://www.reformedforum.org/ctc917)

This is the sixth lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. Why is there such a stark contrast between the worldview of the believer and that of the unbeliever? This lesson addresses the theological concept of the antithesis—the fundamental spiritual divide between those in Christ and those outside of him. You will learn how this distinction, rooted in covenant representation and union with Christ, shapes every aspect of life and apologetic engagement. By understanding the nature of regeneration, resurrection life, and our new identity in Christ, we are better prepared to witness to the truth with clarity and conviction, while holding fast to the hope of God's redemptive purpose for his people. 01:13 The Fundamental Distinction between Believers and Unbelievers 04:31 Covenantal Representation 09:25 The Resurrection 20:18 The New Identity in Christ 29:23 Living Out Our Union with Christ 32:10 Summary and Conclusion  Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def...   Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/    #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

Dr. Guy Waters is the Professor of New Testament at the Reformed Theological Seminary, Jackson, Mississippi and a teaching elder in the Mississippi presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in America. Today, he joins us to speak about his book, One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church (Lexham Academic), in which he sets out a full-scale Reformed doctrine of the church. The title echoes the four classical “marks” confessed in the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed. This study is an extended exploration of how Scripture, read through a Reformed lens, fills out each of those creedal descriptors and binds them together into a single, coherent doctrine of the church. Dr. Waters organizes the book in three movements: Biblical Revelation (Part I). Seven chapters trace “the people of God” from creation and Eden through Abraham, Moses, the prophets, Christ and the apostles, showing that God has always had one covenant people that reaches its eschatological maturity in the new-covenant church. Doctrinal Construction (Part II). Waters treats the classic loci of ecclesiology: the church's four attributes (one, holy, catholic, apostolic); its marks (pure preaching, right sacraments, biblical discipline); its government (Christ the king, officers and courts); its worship (word, sacraments, prayer, Lord's Day); its life (gifts and discipline); and its mission (“gathering and perfecting the saints” until Christ returns) . Truth for Life and Mission (Part III). A final chapter applies the doctrine to church-state relations, defending a robust spirituality of the church and principled religious liberty. The conclusion distills the argument into seven theses that function as a theological checksum. Throughout, Waters interlaces biblical exegesis, historical theology and confessional sources (especially the Westminster Standards). The result is both an academic survey and a pastoral manifesto aimed at equipping the church for faithful witness today. The conversation explores the essential identity and mission of the church, the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, and what is distinctly new through Christ's redemptive work. Waters outlines the seven theses of his book, offering clarity on ecclesiology for today's church, particularly in light of confusion over polity, worship, and the church's relation to the state. This episode is an invitation to recover a robust, Reformed understanding of the church's nature and calling, rooted in Scripture and developed in the tradition of historic confessions. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00 Mid-America Reformed Seminary CME Conference 01:30 Introduction 03:20 The Story Behind the Book 06:54 The Emphasis of this Book 10:43 The Need for Ecclesiology Today 15:33 The Seven Theses of the Book 18:54 The Continuity of God's People in the Old and New Testaments 22:02 What Is New in the NT through Christ 28:02 The Mission of the Church 33:56 The Relation of Scripture to Polity 38:00 Worship 43:32 Ministering in Word and Deed 47:28 The Church and the State 52:26 The Spirituality of the Church 56:27 Conclusion

This week on Theology Simply Profound, Bob returns to a reading of Geerhardus Vos's 1903 book, The Teaching of Jesus Concerning the Kingdom of God and the Church. Chapter 9, “The Kingdom and the Church.”

This is the fifth lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. What does it mean to be human? This lesson explores the doctrine of man, centered on the profound reality of being created in God's image. We discover how this divine image manifests in official, formal, and ethical dimensions, shaping our knowledge, dignity, and purpose. Through the lens of covenant theology and Reformed thought, we investigate humanity's original condition, the impact of sin, and the enduring significance of bearing God's image. This foundational understanding strengthens apologetics by illuminating the connection between believers and nonbelievers, affirming that all people exist coram Deo—in the presence of God.  02:24 The Point of Contact: The Image of God 08:47 The Image of God and Sin 19:11 Narrow and Broad Senses of the Image of God 27:20 The Image of God and Human Knowledge 35:51 Summary and Conclusion  Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def...   Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/   #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

In this installment of the Vos Group, Camden Bucey and Lane Tipton turn to pages 378–381 of Geerhardus Vos's Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments, focusing on Jesus' teaching and the eschatology of the kingdom. They explore the vital biblical distinction between the “already” and “not yet” aspects of the kingdom of God, examining how this two-age structure stands in contrast to various eschatological systems, including premillennialism, postmillennialism, and what Vos labels “ultra-eschatology.” Tipton and Bucey analyze Vos's critique of these systems, highlighting the theological implications of denying either the inaugurated or consummated dimensions of the kingdom. They also discuss the resurrection, the second coming of Christ, and the theological coherence of amillennialism within the Reformed tradition. In the course of the discussion, they reflect on the life and teaching of Dr. Robert B. Strimple, affirming his Christ-centered theological pedagogy and lasting influence. Listeners will find this episode a robust and thought-provoking engagement with biblical theology, eschatology, and Reformed orthodoxy. Watch on YouTube Chapters [00:00] Mid-America Reformed Seminary Center for Missions and Evangelism Conference [01:30] Introduction [02:45] Remembering Dr. Robert Strimple [09:03] The Two-Stage Kingdom [20:32] Albert Schweitzer and Ultra-Eschatology [25:30] Postmillennialism and Gradualism [33:42] Measuring the Kingdom's Advance [38:58] Vos on Premillennialism [48:32] Premillennialism and the Westminster Standards [58:45] Conclusion  

On today's episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob takes us on a walk through Matthew 24, the Olivet Discourse.

This is the fourth lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. How can we know the God we seek to defend? In this lesson, we explore the doctrine of revelation—God's gracious self-disclosure to humanity. You will learn the crucial distinction between general revelation, seen in creation and providence, and special revelation, given through Scripture and ultimately in Jesus Christ. This lesson lays a foundation for understanding why divine revelation is necessary for knowledge, faith, and apologetics. By examining how revelation reveals God's character, will, and redemptive purposes, you will be equipped to uphold the authority of Scripture and the sufficiency of Christ in the face of skepticism and competing truth claims. 01:52 General Revelation 08:50 Special Revelation 21:51 Attributes of Revelation 29:16 The Relationship between General and Special Revelation 31:14 Jesus Christ 33:26 Summary and Conclusion Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def...   Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/   #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey is joined once again by Lane Tipton and Carlton Wynne for a substantive follow-up to their earlier discussion of Keith Mathison's Toward a Reformed Apologetic: A Critique of the Thought of Cornelius Van Til. In the months since their first review, Dr. Mathison published a blog response, prompting deeper analysis and clarification. Together, Drs. Bucey, Tipton and Wynne explore key critiques Mathison levels against Van Til, especially the claims of epistemological idealism and the so-called “omniscience requirement” for true knowledge. The panel addresses these concerns with thoughtful care, highlighting Van Til's emphasis on covenantal epistemology, the distinction between psychological and ethical knowledge, and the non-neutrality of unbelieving thought. The episode also tackles Mathison's treatment of common grace and the antithesis—core concepts in Van Til's apologetic system. Does Van Til teach that unbelievers attain true knowledge by way of common grace? What is the actual function of common grace in a fallen world? And how does Van Til preserve the absolute ethical antithesis between belief and unbelief without denying shared external reality or meaningful engagement? This is a clarifying and edifying conversation for anyone interested in Reformed theology, presuppositional apologetics, or the legacy of Cornelius Van Til. Mentioned Resources Keith Mathison, Toward a Reformed Apologetics Cornelius Van Til, The Defense of the Faith Cornelius Van Til, Common Grace and the Gospel Follow-up blog post by Dr. Mathison Topics Covered Epistemological holism and the “omniscience thesis” Idealist influence and Van Til's use of borrowed terminology The meaning of “true knowledge” in covenantal context The image of God, suppression of truth, and natural revelation Common grace and its relationship to knowledge and antithesis The continuing relevance of Van Til's apologetic method Chapters 00:00 – Introduction 02:56 – Upcoming General Assembly 03:45 – Overview of Keith Mathison's Book and Blog Response 05:06 – Main Concerns: Common Grace, Antithesis, and Epistemology 07:12 – Van Til's Doctrine of Knowledge and Ethical Implications 09:13 – Response to Mathison's Critique and Blog Post 12:34 – The ‘Omniscience Thesis' in Dr. Mathison's Reading 17:18 – Clarifying True Knowledge in Van Til's View 23:04 – Idealism, Epistemological Holism, and Formal Influence 28:36 – Borrowed Capital vs. Replanting from Idealism 33:13 – Ethical Antithesis and Knowledge Suppression 42:12 – Common Grace: Misunderstanding and Clarification 47:13 – Van Til's View: Knowledge Precedes Common Grace 54:11 – True Knowledge and the Ethical Rebellion of Man 59:28 – Common Grace and Inconsistent Suppression 66:10 – Antithesis in Every Sphere of Life 69:55 – Common Grace Doesn't Suspend Total Depravity 71:48 – Looking Ahead to Reconstructed Theistic Proofs

How should Reformed churches approach the selection of psalms and hymns for corporate worship? In this video, Camden Bucey offers a rich, pastoral, and practical guide for choosing music that reflects the theological and liturgical shape of a service. Drawing on years of ministry experience, Camden explains how to align musical selections with Scripture texts, sermon themes, and the redemptive-historical movement of the liturgy. This talk goes beyond personal preference or musical taste. Learn how thoughtful hymnody and psalmody can serve the worship of the triune God by reinforcing Scripture, guiding the congregation's response, and cultivating reverence, joy, and theological depth. Key Topics Theological principles guiding music selection Aligning songs with the sermon text and liturgical moment Balancing musical accessibility with doctrinal richness The role of repetition, variety, and congregational familiarity The emotional and redemptive-historical flow of a worship service Special considerations for sacraments, transitions, and unique services Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00 – Introduction and Context 01:15 – Why Song Selection Matters in Reformed Worship 02:45 – Letting the Sermon Text Guide the Service 05:23 – Matching Music with Liturgical Placement 07:16 – Knowing Your Congregation and Musicians 09:18 – The Role of Records and Repetition 13:28 – Attention to Tune, Tempo, and Emotional Tone 17:45 – Maintaining a Redemptive-Historical Flow of Worship 21:05 – Strategic Placement: The Post-Sermon Hymn 23:14 – Special Elements and Transitions 28:36 – Conclusion: Cohesive Worship for the Glory of God

This is the third lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. Before we can defend the Christian faith, we must know the God we are defending. This lesson explores the heart of Christian apologetics: the doctrine of God. We explore the nature and attributes of the triune God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—as revealed in Scripture and expressed in the Reformed tradition. From God's simplicity and independence to his communicable and incommunicable attributes, we see how every aspect of his character undergirds our hope. Learn how the Trinity shapes our understanding of reality, strengthens our confidence in the gospel, and compels us to a bold yet humble defense of the faith in a world longing for ultimate truth. 03:10 Theology Proper: A Study of the Triune God 15:15 The Attributes of God 21:46 God's Communicable and Incommunicable Attributes 24:14 Relative Attributes 27:31 Divine Transcendence 31:46 Summary and Conclusion  Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/def... Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study.   Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/   #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

In this episode we welcome Dr. Michael Morales—professor of biblical studies at Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary—for a conversation exploring the profound theological vision of the book of Numbers. Drawing from his newly released two-volume commentary in the Apollos Old Testament Commentary series, Dr. Morales unveils Numbers as more than ancient census lists and wilderness wanderings. Instead, it emerges as a richly textured narrative of covenant community, leadership, and the Lord's presence among his people. Listeners will discover how the structure of Israel's camp reflects Edenic hope and eschatological promise, how Numbers addresses the roles of prophet, priest, and king, and why the priestly blessing and Balaam's oracles form theological bookends to this journey toward the Promised Land. Dr. Morales also shares personal reflections from his ten-year labor on the commentary, emphasizing the pastoral power and redemptive-historical depth of this often-overlooked book. Whether you're a pastor, seminary student, or serious Bible reader, this conversation will reinvigorate your love for the Pentateuch and deepen your grasp of how all Scripture points us to Christ. Resources Mentioned Numbers Volumes 1 & 2 (Apollos Old Testament Commentary) Who Shall Ascend the Mountain of the Lord? Exodus Old and New: A Biblical Theology of Redemption Watch on YouTube Chapters 01:10 Introduction 03:22 Update About Current Projects 05:55 The Experience of Working on This Project for 10 Years 12:39 The Camp Metaphor 19:02 God Dwelling in the Midst of His People 23:53 Grumbling and Rebellion 28:47 The Orientation of God's People 34:40 The New Generation 43:19 The Close of the Book 45:12 Conclusion

In this final installment of our introductory series on Eastern Orthodoxy for Reformed Christians, Camden Bucey explores Orthodox worship and sacramental theology through a Reformed lens. This episode provides a careful and charitable overview of Eastern Orthodox liturgical practices, including the Divine Liturgy, veneration of icons, and the centrality of the Eucharist. What makes Eastern Orthodox worship distinct? Why are icons and incense used? What theological principles undergird these practices? Camden discusses the symbolism of Eastern Orthodox worship while also addressing key doctrinal differences—especially concerning the second commandment, the regulative principle, and the doctrine of salvation. Whether you're a Reformed believer curious about the traditions of the East or seeking to understand why some are drawn to Orthodoxy's mystery and aesthetic, this episode offers insight, clarity, and biblical reflection. Series Part 1 (The Church and Scripture) Part 2 (The Doctrine of God and Salvation) Part 3 (Worship and the Sacraments) Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00 – Introduction 00:26 – Worship and the Sacraments in Eastern Orthodoxy 01:49 – Theology of Liturgy and Participation 04:14 – Worship as Theology in Action 05:36 – Icons, Veneration, and the Second Commandment 10:02 – The Eucharist 14:09 – Reverence and Symbolism 15:33 – Prayers for the Dead 16:44 – Summary of Theological Differences 18:10 – Final Reflections

On today's episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We discuss Nebuchadnezzar's dream and its interpretation by Daniel found in chapter 2:31-45.

This is the second lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. How do we perceive reality accurately amidst competing perspectives? This lesson examines worldviews and explores how everyone—whether consciously or not—interprets life through fundamental beliefs. You will learn how Scripture, illuminated by the Holy Spirit, serves as a lens bringing spiritual clarity to metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Based on Colossians and the Reformed tradition, we compare the Christ-centered worldview with philosophical approaches grounded solely in human reasoning. This lesson enhances your understanding of worldviews, strengthens your ability to identify inconsistencies in contrary perspectives, and empowers you to articulate a gospel-centered understanding of reality with confidence. 01:30 Viewing the World through the Lens of Faith 03:04 Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Ethics 11:01 Worldviews in Contrast 21:25 The Pre-Eminence of Christ in Colossians 34:04 Seeing Clearly with Biblical Spectacles 37:12 Examples of Worldly Vision 39:48 Summary and Conclusion. Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/defending-our-hope-an-introduction-to-christian-apologetics/ Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study. Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/  #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

Leonardo De Chirico and Mark Gilbert join the program to discuss the enduring significance of the Nicene Creed as it marks its 1700th anniversary. Drawing from their recent edited volume, The Nicene Creed: The Nature of Christian Unity and the Meaning of Gospel Words (Matthias Media), the guests explore how shared creedal language can mask deep theological differences, particularly between evangelical and Roman Catholic traditions. Leonardo De Chirico is a pastor of a Reformed evangelical church in Rome, a scholar of Roman Catholic theology, and a leader in the Reformanda Initiative, which seeks to equip evangelical engagement with Roman Catholicism. Mark Gilbert serves as a chaplain in Sydney, Australia, and leads the ministry Certainty for Eternity, which focuses on evangelism among those from Roman Catholic backgrounds. Both men bring rich theological and pastoral insight to bear on the question of unity in Christ. The conversation traces the origins of the creed, its Trinitarian framework, and the implications of confessing shared historical truths while diverging in doctrinal substance—especially concerning Christology, the church, and salvation. Leonardo and Mark also share personal insights from their ministries engaging Roman Catholics, underscoring the need for unity rooted in biblical truth rather than institutional alignment or superficial consensus. This episode invites thoughtful reflection on what true Christian unity looks like in light of Scripture, and how the creeds function as faithful, yet insufficient, summaries apart from a Reformed understanding of the gospel. Watch on YouTube Chapters 01:11 Introduction 04:03 Background to the Book 11:27 Can We Have Meaningful Unity with Roman Catholics? 17:31 Unity in Truth 25:32 The Trinitarian Theology of the Creed 29:31 The Christology of the Creed 38:16 The Scope and Usefulness of the Nicene Creed 44:31 The Work of Christ 51:50 Pursuing Christian Unity 57:55 Conclusion

On today's episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We discuss Nebuchadnezzar's dream found in Daniel 2:31-49.

This is the first lesson in Dr. Camden Bucey's Reformed Academy course, Defending Our Hope: An Introduction to Christian Apologetics. What does it mean to defend our hope in a world filled with doubt and competing worldviews? In this opening lesson, you will be introduced to the discipline of apologetics—not as an academic abstraction but as a deeply personal, biblically grounded calling for every believer. Drawing from 1 Peter 3:15, we explore how the hope of Christ's resurrection transforms the way we engage with others, and why a distinctly Reformed approach—centered on Scripture, the sovereignty of God, and covenant theology—offers a robust framework for defending the faith with gentleness and respect. This lesson sets the foundation for a life of confident and compassionate witness. 00:09 Introduction 03:20 Foundations of Hope: Understanding Apologetics 08:13 The Benefit of Apologetics 15:14 A Distinctly Reformed Apologetic Register for this free on-demand course on our website to track your progress, download supplemental resources, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to more than two dozen more video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/defending-our-hope-an-introduction-to-christian-apologetics/ Camden Bucey (MDiv, PhD) is Executive Director of Reformed Forum and a minister of Hope Presbyterian Church (OPC) in Grayslake, Illinois. He is the author of Karl Rahner (Great Thinkers) and Lamentations, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah: A 12-Week Study. Your donations help us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you worldwide: https://reformedforum.org/donate/ #apologetics #evangelism #presupp

In this episode Camden Bucey welcomes Dr. Jonathan Master, president of Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary and host of the new podcast Dead Presbyterians Society. Together, they reflect on the theology and practice of public prayer, drawing upon the insights of 19th-century Presbyterian theologian Samuel Miller and his underappreciated classic, Thoughts on Public Prayer. The conversation addresses the enduring importance of prayer in the public ministry of the church. Dr. Master discusses why pastors must be both God's mouthpiece to the people through preaching and the people's mouthpiece to God through prayer. The episode includes a full episode of Dead Presbyterian Society, in which Master offers a deep and moving treatment of Miller's work—highlighting frequent faults in public prayer, the characteristics of excellent prayer, and the secret devotional habits that sustain it. Whether you're a pastor, elder, seminarian, or thoughtful church member, this episode is a call to recover the dignity, order, and spiritual power of public prayer in Reformed worship. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:04:53 Introducing Dead Presbyterians Society 00:21:22 Dead Presbyterians Society, Episode 5 00:47:28 The Relative Lack of Attention Given to Public Prayer 01:01:44 How to Grow in Public Prayer 01:06:05 Reading Books to Help Think More Biblically 01:08:30 Conclusion

God begins to turn around Naomi's life in Ruth 2:1-13, a picture of what he does for his church. Ruth ventures into the fields in faith and just “happens” to meet Boaz, who shows her unexpected kindness. Her response, “Why have I found favor?” is something Christians today have even more reason to echo.

In this second installment of our introductory series on Eastern Orthodoxy, Camden Bucey considers key theological distinctions and points of contact between Eastern Orthodox and Reformed theology. This episode focuses on the doctrine of God and the nature of salvation. We examine the shared commitment to Nicene Trinitarianism, while highlighting distinct emphases in Eastern and Western Trinitarian formulations. The discussion also explores the Eastern Orthodox concept of the essence-energies distinction, theosis (deification), and the centrality of Christ's incarnation and resurrection in their soteriology. Crucially, we contrast the Reformed doctrine of justification by grace through faith alone with the synergistic model of salvation found in Eastern Orthodoxy, raising important questions about assurance, divine simplicity, and the relationship between justification and sanctification.  Chapters 00:00 – Introduction 00:29 – The Holy Trinity in Eastern Orthodoxy  03:32 – The Filioque Controversy 07:51 – Essence-Energies Distinction 12:46 – Theosis and Deification 18:54 – Justification and Forensic Categories 26:10 – Synergism vs. Monergism 31:11 – Assurance and Pastoral Implications 34:21 – Summary and Preview of Part 3 Watch Part 1: https://youtube.com/live/HulZlUXAJ78?feature=share

This is the ninth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton's Reformed Academy course, Calvinistic Trinitarianism: A Reformed Federalist Alternative to Thomistic Sacerdotalism. Register for this free on-demand course on our website to download supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to twenty-three additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/cal... Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/ #johncalvin #trinity #reformedtheology

What did Jesus mean when He spoke of “the Kingdom of God” or “the Kingdom of Heaven”? In this episode, we turn to Geerhardus Vos's Biblical Theology, pages 375–378, where he unpacks the theological and biblical contours of the kingdom in the Gospels. Lane Tipton and Camden Bucey explore the critical distinction Vos draws between the abstract and concrete senses of the kingdom, the Old Testament background, and how the kingdom becomes incarnate in the person and work of Christ. Together, we discuss: The kingdom as God's sovereign reign vs. a redemptive realm How the Reformed categories regnum essentiale, regnum personale, and regnum spirituale frame our understanding The significance of Matthew's phrase “Kingdom of Heaven” The kingdom's embodiment in the incarnate Christ and its expression in the church The dangers of under- or over-realized eschatologies This episode offers rich theological insight and practical clarity for pastors, students, and anyone seeking to understand the kingdom according to Scripture and sound Reformed theology. Chapters 01:11 Introduction 01:44 Theological Topics in Romans 06:03 The Kingdom of God in the Gospels 12:59 Important Distinctions 24:58 Jesus' Sense of the Kingdom in the Gospels 31:51 The Kingdom and the Church 36:25 Avoiding Under- and Over-Realized Eschatologies 40:34 Matthew and the Kingdom of Heaven 53:10 The Kingdom and Worship on the Lord's Day 58:25 Conclusion

On today's episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We discuss Nebuchadnezzar's dream found in Daniel 2:17-24.

This is the eighth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton's Reformed Academy course, Calvinistic Trinitarianism: A Reformed Federalist Alternative to Thomistic Sacerdotalism. Register for this free on-demand course on our website to download supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to twenty-three additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/cal... Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/ #johncalvin #trinity #reformedtheology

In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey and Carlton Wynne are joined by Rev. Stephen Spinnenweber, author of Loving the Law: The Law of God in the Life of the Believer, to explore the enduring significance of God's moral law in the Christian life. They discuss the book's development, its theological foundations, and its practical applications for pastors, congregants, and Christian parents. The conversation clarifies the Reformed understanding of the threefold use of the law and addresses common misconceptions surrounding legalism and antinomianism. Stephen offers a pastoral and theologically rich vision for delighting in the law as a gracious guide for believers—one rooted in God's character and purpose for humanity. The trio also touches on civil use of the law, the Sabbath, and the broader cultural and political implications of God's moral order. This episode is a refreshing call to recover a joyful obedience to God's commandments—not as a means of earning salvation, but as the grateful response of those saved by grace and empowered by the Spirit. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:10:32 Coming to this Project 00:18:40 The Choice of the Subtitle 00:20:39 The Law/Gospel Distinction 00:33:11 The Ceremonial, Civil, and Moral Law 00:39:29 God's Law and the State 00:47:08 The Fourth Commandment and the State 00:51:44 The Spirit's Working in Providing The Will and Ability to Obey 01:07:31 Conclusion

What does 'mystery' have to do with Paul's ministry? Does it mean that Paul's ministry is somehow mysterious? Does it mean that Paul's ministry is difficult to understand? Not at all! Rather, Paul had the privilege of proclaiming the glorious 'mystery of the gospel of Jesus Christ. But what does that mean? Join us for this episode of Proclaiming Christ as we consider Paul's ministry, the mystery of the gospel, the unsearchable riches of Christ, and what this means for the church today.

This is the seventh lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton's Reformed Academy course, Calvinistic Trinitarianism: A Reformed Federalist Alternative to Thomistic Sacerdotalism. Register for this free on-demand course on our website to download supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to twenty-three additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/cal... Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/

In this rich theological conversation, Camden Bucey welcomes Dr. Harrison Perkins—pastor, scholar, and author—to discuss his two latest books: Righteous by Design: Covenantal Merit and Adam's Original Integrity (Christian Focus) and Created for Communion with God: The Promise of Genesis 1–2 (Lexham Press). Together, they explore foundational Reformed doctrines related to covenant theology, the image of God, and the eschatological purpose embedded in creation itself. Dr. Perkins offers historical and systematic clarity on the oft-debated notion of merit in the covenant of works, contrasting Reformed and Roman Catholic anthropologies. He also unpacks the pastoral dimensions of humanity's creation for communion with God, showing how Genesis 1–2 serves not merely as a record of origins, but as a divine love letter calling God's people into eternal fellowship. Whether you're a pastor, scholar, or thoughtful layperson, this episode provides deep insight into how theology—rooted in Scripture and the Reformed tradition—shapes our understanding of God, humanity, and the gospel of Jesus Christ. Watch on YouTube Chapters 00:00:07 Introduction 00:09:06 The Origin of Each Book 00:18:03 Genesis 1–2 Draws Us into Communion with God 00:20:58 The Theme of Beauty 00:24:39 Original Righteousness 00:32:34 Natural Man's Ability 00:47:00 Concupiscence 00:56:01 Concepts of Merit 01:07:18 Communion with Other Image Bearers 01:15:22 Conclusion

On today's episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We see the great challenge Nebuchadnezzar places upon the magicians, enchanters, sorcerers, and Chaldeans of the land by insisting that they reveal his dream to him before the interpretation. What are Daniel and his friends to do? Trust the Lord; he will provide.

This is the sixth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton's Reformed Academy course, Calvinistic Trinitarianism: A Reformed Federalist Alternative to Thomistic Sacerdotalism. Register for this free on-demand course on our website to download supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to twenty-three additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/cal... Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/

Join us for this special introductory livestream where Dr. Camden Bucey offers an accessible first look at Eastern Orthodoxy from a Reformed theological perspective. This session represents only the beginning of our exploration into this tradition. Drawing from leading introductory texts—including works by Andrew Louth, Timothy Ware, Anthony Coniaris, and Frederica Mathewes-Green—Camden will guide us through the fundamental themes and distinctives of Eastern Orthodox theology and practice. In this initial presentation, we'll examine key doctrines such as Scripture, the Church, the Trinity, and theosis, while also considering the underlying assumptions that shape Orthodox spirituality. What distinguishes Orthodoxy from Protestantism—not just in its answers, but in the questions it asks? This introductory session is designed for: Reformed Christians seeking to understand the profound theological differences between Orthodox and Reformed interpretations of Scripture Those wanting to recognize how Eastern Orthodoxy's foundational assumptions and hermeneutical approaches diverge significantly from Reformed convictions Viewers interested in discerning the substantial distinctions in how these traditions approach authority, salvation, and worship Those who desire to strengthen their grasp of Reformed theology by understanding a tradition that takes significantly different paths on core doctrines Our aim is to begin understanding a historic Christian tradition on its own terms, while also evaluating its claims in light of the confessional Reformed faith. Initial topics we'll introduce: The foundations of Eastern Orthodoxy Orthodox understandings of Scripture and tradition The Trinity: mystery, apophaticism, and communion Theosis and sanctification Authority and conciliarity vs. sola Scriptura Orthodox perspectives on Protestantism and Roman Catholicism Reformed responses to Orthodox claims This livestream serves as an entry point for further exploration. Future sessions will explore these complex theological matters in greater detail. Join us for this engaging first exploration—and come ready to think theologically. Watch on YouTube

In this episode of Christ the Center, Camden Bucey welcomes Dr. J. Brandon Burks, pastor of Christ Reformed Church (URCNA) in Florence, Kentucky, to discuss his recent article published in The Confessional Presbyterian Journal (Vol. 20, 2024): The Puritans and the Salem Witch Trials: Living According to God's Revealed Will. Together, they explore the theological context of the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692, uncovering how speculative theology and reliance on so-called “spectral evidence” reflected a deeper deviation from Scripture's clarity and sufficiency. Dr. Burks outlines the influence of figures such as William Perkins, Cotton Mather, and Richard Baxter, while also shedding light on how the distinction between God's secret and revealed will was tragically misunderstood. The conversation goes beyond history, offering timely insights into contemporary fascination with mysticism, the spiritual dangers of neglecting the ordinary means of grace, and the need for biblically grounded theology in facing spiritual warfare today. They conclude by considering the value of a redemptive-historical and confessional framework in pastoral ministry and theological education. Links Debunking the “Moldy Bread Theory” The Haunted Cosmos podcast Chapters 00:07 Introduction 02:11 Academic Background and Church Planting in Kentucky 07:36 Van Til's Theology of Christian Education 09:39 The Puritans and the Salem Witch Trials 15:04 Speculative Theology 18:03 Williams Perkins' Theology as a Basis 24:00 Covenants with the Devil 26:14 Devil's Marks and Their Significance 29:52 Exploring the Explosion of Accusations in 1692 33:39 Debunking the Moldy Bread Theory 35:29 The Influence of Samuel Parris 39:21 The Dangers of Speculative Theology 44:26 Balancing Awareness of the Spiritual Realm 50:33 Misunderstandings of the Salem Witch Trials 53:35 Further Reading and Resources on the Trials 58:07 Conclusion Participants: Camden Bucey, J. Brandon Burks

On today's episode of Theology Simply Profound, Rob and Bob continue to walk through the Book of Daniel. We see God's faithfulness to his people in the midst of living in a foreign land under a foreign power as an exiled people.

This is the fifth lesson in Dr. Lane G. Tipton's Reformed Academy course, Calvinistic Trinitarianism: A Reformed Federalist Alternative to Thomistic Sacerdotalism. Register for this free on-demand course on our website to download supplemental materials, track your progress, and assess your understanding through quizzes for each lesson. You will also receive free access to twenty-three additional five-hour video courses in covenant theology, apologetics, biblical studies, church history, and more: https://reformedforum.org/courses/cal... Your donations enable us to provide free Reformed resources for students like you all across the world: https://reformedforum.org/donate/

In this conversation, Camden Bucey discusses various topics related to Reformed theology, including updates on the upcoming Reformed Forum Theology Conference, an overview of his new apologetics course, and a look into Ulrich Zwingli's theology, particularly regarding the Lord's Supper. He emphasizes the importance of understanding historical theology and the need for faithful Reformed witness in contemporary contexts. Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Conference Updates 12:05 Apologetics Course Overview 24:06 Exploring Zwingli's Theology 30:00 Closing Remarks and Future Plans Books Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Edited by John T. McNeill. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960. Calvin, John. Short Treatise on the Holy Supper of Our Lord Jesus Christ. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Originally published 1541. Available in various reprint editions. Gerrish, B. A. Grace and Gratitude: The Eucharistic Theology of John Calvin. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993. Hodge, Charles. Systematic Theology. Vol. 3. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997. Old, Hughes Oliphant. The Patristic Roots of Reformed Worship. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975. Packer, J. I. “Calvin the Theologian.” In Honouring the People of God: Collected Shorter Writings, vol. 4, 77–92. Carlisle, PA: P&R Publishing, 2013. Potter, G. R. Zwingli. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Stephens, W. P. The Theology of Huldrych Zwingli. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986. Zwingli, Ulrich. On the Lord's Supper (1526). In Zwingli and Bullinger, edited and translated by G. W. Bromiley, 176ff. Library of Christian Classics. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1953.