Podcasts about plos biol

Did you know Native Americans once shared the land with some truly wild creatures that are now extinct?

In episode 570, James and Mike finish their trilogy on statistics. We take what we discussed in the previous podcasts and go through a couple of examples that will hopefully solidify what all the terms and numbers really mean.   Show Notes 1) Sensible Medicine Doing statistics can be difficult but understanding them can be fairly simple 2) Analysis of 567,758 randomized controlled trials published over 30 years reveals trends in phrases used to discuss results that do not reach statistical significance PLoS Biol 2022: e3001562. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001562

Episode SummaryTiming is everything! In this episode of the 80/20 Productivity Podcast, we delve deep into the science and art of aligning your activities with your body's natural rhythms to amplify your productivity, health, and overall well-being. Discover how timing isn't just a concept but a fundamental aspect of enhancing your life's quality and efficiency.Get an extra 20% off a 30-day supply of Magic Mind productivity shots. Go to https://magicmind.com/8020productivity and use CODE: PRD20 So, let's get into the details:The Vital Few (TVF) Timestamps: [00:00:00] - The Power of TimingExplore why timing is critical in maximizing the benefits and performance of your actions. A brief overview of what's to come in the episode.[00:00:40] - Working With Your Natural RhythmsUnveil the secrets to boosting your activity performance by syncing with your body's rhythms.[00:01:40] - Biological Rhythms ExplainedDive into what biological rhythms are, why they exist, and how they impact our daily lives.[00:02:27] - The Best Times for Daily ActivitiesA caveat about finding the perfect time for activities that matter and how it's more important to just do them.[00:03:30] - Timing, Chronos, and KairosUnderstanding the difference between Chronos (quantitative time) and Kairos (opportune time) in the context of productivity.[00:05:12] - Evolution and Our Biological ClocksHow evolution on Earth influenced the development of our internal clocks.[00:07:38] - Different Types of RhythmsIntroduction to circadian, diurnal, ultradian, and circa-annual rhythms.[00:12:14] - Circadian, Diurnal, and Ultradian Rhythms in Daily LifeHow these rhythms specifically influence our day-to-day activities and productivity.[00:18:29] - The Impact of Light and TemperatureThe role of light and temperature as key factors in syncing with our natural rhythms.[00:22:32] - Crafting an Ideal Daily RoutineStep-by-step guide through an optimal daily routine from morning till night based on scientific insights.[00:38:02] - Time-Restricted Eating and Its BenefitsDiscussion on how aligning eating times with your body's clock can enhance health and productivity.[00:47:18] - Evening Routines and Preparing for SleepTips for winding down effectively, aligning evening activities with natural rhythms for better sleep quality.[01:08:50] - Conclusion and Key TakeawaysWrapping up the insights shared in the episode and encouraging listeners to experiment with aligning their routines with their biological rhythms.Get an extra 20% off a 30-day supply of Magic Mind productivity shots. Go to https://magicmind.com/8020productivity and use CODE: PRD20 My favourite digital productivity tool (get double the trial period for free! No credit card required: https://try.sunsama.com/anthony Notes and References Biological Rhythms, Clock, Zeitgebers and Light's Influence on Biological Clocks: Merrow M (2023) Circadian clocks: It's time for chronobiology. PLoS Biol 21(11): e3002426. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002426Circadian Rhythms Affect Metabolism: Circadian rhythms significantly impact human metabolism, suggesting optimal meal timing can improve health.Brown Adipose Tissue Activity: Maaike E. Straat, Rick Hogenboom, Mariëtte R. Boon, Patrick C.N. Rensen, Sander Kooijman, Circadian control of brown adipose tissue, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Volume 1866, Issue 8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158961 Benefits of Early Time-Restricted Eating: L.S. Chow, E.N.C. Manoogian, A. Alvear, J.G. Fleischer, H. Thor, K. Dietsche, et al.Time-restricted eating effects on body composition and metabolic measures in humans who are overweight: a feasibility studyObesity (Silver Spring), 28 (5) (2020), pp. 860-869Optimal Exercise Timing for Performance: Exercise performance can vary by time of day, influenced by body temperature and hormone levels.Caffeine Consumption Timing for better sleep: Carissa Gardiner, Jonathon Weakley, Louise M. Burke, Gregory D. Roach, Charli Sargent, Nirav Maniar, Andrew Townshend, Shona L. Halson, The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Sleep Medicine Reviews, Volume 69, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764 .Mental Performance Varies Throughout the Day: Schmidt C, Collette F, Cajochen C, Peigneux P. A time to think: circadian rhythms in human cognition. Cogn Neuropsychol. 2007 Oct;24(7):755-89. doi: 10.1080/02643290701754158. PMID: 18066734.L-Theanine and Caffeine cognitive effects: Anas Sohail A, Ortiz F, Varghese T, Fabara SP, Batth AS, Sandesara DP, Sabir A, Khurana M, Datta S, Patel UK. The Cognitive-Enhancing Outcomes of Caffeine and L-theanine: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2021 Dec 30;13(12):e20828. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20828. PMID: 35111479; PMCID: PMC8794723Work/Break Ratio for Productivity: This is an updated article. But it still maintains the benefits of working in cycles of work and rest. https://desktime.com/blog/52-17-updated-people-are-now-working-and-breaking-longer-than-before Anthony's Book: The Law of The Vital Few

This episode: Simple microscopic animals can survive extreme radiation by ejecting damaged cells that might otherwise become cancer! Download Episode (7.3 MB, 9.2 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Helleborus net necrosis virus News item Takeaways Any multicellular organism with different types of cells needs some sort of cell regulation, to keep each cell type doing what it's supposed to do for the good of the organism as a whole. We know what happens when this regulation fails and one type of cells starts multiplying out of control: cancer. However, cancer has never yet been observed in certain organisms, including the simple microscopic animal Trichoplax adhaerens. In this study, these animals are exposed to large amounts of radiation and then observed over years to see if they can develop cancer or have interesting mechanisms of resisting it.   Journal Paper: Fortunato A, Fleming A, Aktipis A, Maley CC. 2021. Upregulation of DNA repair genes and cell extrusion underpin the remarkable radiation resistance of Trichoplax adhaerens. PLOS Biol 19:e3001471.   Other interesting stories: Genes transferred from bacteria to algae helped land plants evolve   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, or RSS. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook.

Circadian lighting is the latest buzzword in health and medicine. Here's a full breakdown of all things related to light exposure, sleep and circadian rhythms.  Support your Circadian Rhythm and sleep with MYOXCIENCE's targeted adrenal support nutrients in the morning and evening: Link to video and show notes: https://bit.ly/3wRRKcf Study Mentioned: Brown, T. M. et al. Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults. Plos Biol 20, e3001571 (2022) Time Stamps: 00:00 Specialized cells within your retina sense light and influence your body's circadian clock system, neuro-endocrine functions, mood, affect, memory, focus, sleep, attention, and hormone regulation. 00:35 Sleep is as important as a nutrient. 01:30 Artificial light at night can impair your attention the next day and impact melatonin and growth hormone release. 02:08 A Lux is a measurement of the intensity of light. 07:00 Mental health disorders should prompt an examination of light hygiene. 07:30 Light influences circadian rhythm, sleep, alertness, mood, and neuro, endocrine and cognitive function. 07:40 Retinal responses to light are important determiners of health, wellbeing and performance. 09:20 Receiving 100 lux or more light exposure in the evening, melatonin is significantly suppressed. 10:30 In intense light, retinal cells seem to transmit messages that it is daytime, relaying chemical cues to the main circadian clock hub suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in your hypothalamus, which is part of your hormonal regulatory system. 11:50 Daylight recommendation is 250 lux at the level of the eye. Being in the car or wearing sunglasses does not count. 13:15 Minimize exposure in the 3 hours prior to your sleep time to just 10 lux measured at the eye. A candle releases about 1 lux. Your phone is about 50 lux. 14:25 Sleep environment maximum ambient light exposure is 1 lux. 15:40 Just 5 lux during sleep has been shown to have significant increases in a myriad of cardiovascular biomarkers. 16:10 Light affects the rate at which you age at a cellular level.

Jo Havemann talked with Julieta Arancio, Alex Kutschera, and André Maia Chagas about their mentorship program for Open Hardware projects. Hear their answers to questions such as: What is Open Hardware? How is Open Hardware used and applied in a research context? What other applications exist for open hardware and who is the mentoring program designed for? How did the program evolve to its current form? Why is mentoring necessary/useful for hardware projects? References Arancio, Julieta, and Shannon Dosemagen. “Bringing Open Source to the Global Lab Bench.” Issues in Science and Technology 38, no. 2 (2022): 18–20. issues.org/open-source-science-hardware-gosh-arancio-dosemagen/ Maia Chagas A, Molloy JC, Prieto-Godino LL, Baden T (2020) Leveraging open hardware to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 on global health systems. PLoS Biol 18(4): e3000730. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000730 Maia Chagas A (2018) Haves and have nots must find a better way: The case for open scientific hardware. PLoS Biol 16(9): e3000014. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000014 Find out more at access2perspectives.org/2022/02/open-hardware-makers/. With the Access 2 Perspectives approach, we help you open up your research in a feasible way and in accordance with state-of-the-art good scientific practices and a digitalised research environment. | Website: access2perspectives.org --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/access2perspectives/message

This episode of the egg timer focuses on Karl Marx's thoughts about relative deprivation. Special focus will be given to how relative deprivation relates with the principle of 'equal pay for equal work'. Send your questions, comments, or ideas for future episodes to eggtimerphilosophy@gmail.com Image Attribution: By (Photo courtesy of Frans de Waal.) - Powell K: Economy of the Mind. PLoS Biol 1/3/2003: e77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0000077, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12012849

Watch the new season of MinuteBody - and get access to both CuriosityStream and Nebula - at https://curiositystream.com/minuteearth. We might have a strong hand because having a weak hand is actually useful. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Handedness: the tendency to use one hand more than the other for specific tasks SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Peter Reich | Script Writer Kate Yoshida | Narrator and Director Sarah Berman | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast... REFERENCES ************** Chédotal A and LJ Richards. 2010. Wiring the brain: the biology of neuronal guidance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Jun; 2(6): a001917. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001917 Magat M and C Brown. 2009. Laterality enhances cognition in Australian parrots. Proc. R. Soc. B 276:4155-4162 Forrester GS, WD Hopkins, K Hudry, A Lindell (eds). 2018. Cerebral Lateralization and Cognition: Evolutionary and Developmental Investigations of Behavioral Biases. Progress in Brain Research. Book series. Volume 238, Pages 2-433 Corballis MC (2014) Left Brain, Right Brain: Facts and Fantasies. PLoS Biol 12(1): e1001767. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001767

Cześć! Dzisiejszą odsłonę rozpoczyna Patryk, który opowie o tym jakie trucizny wywołują chorobę Parkinsona. Czy pestycydy są neurotoksyczne? Co może uszkadzać Twój mózg? Adrian natomiast sprawdza dlaczego i w jaki sposób zwierzęta zmieniają kolory, skupiając się na jednym z najsłynniejszych przykładów - kameleonie. Do usłyszenia! Zwiastun Adriana: 5:25 Zwiastun Patryka: 7:22 Kącik społecznościowy: 8:28 Patryk o truciznach i parkinsonizmie: 17:27 Adrian o zmianie kolorów: 1:09:48 Ogłoszenia parafialne: 1:57:39 Źródła internetowe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TkEUeDWWT4 Bibliografia: M. H. Ratner, R. G. Feldman “Parkinson's Disease”, 1st Edition, Chapter 6: Environmental Toxins and Parkinson's Disease CRC Press 2004 S. Fudalej et al., J Addict Med., 7, 2013, 302-303 S. McKnight, N. Hack, Neurol Clin 38, 2020, 853-865 J. W. Langston, Parkinsons Dis. 7, 2017, S11-S19 M. Ennok et al., Neurotoxicology 76, 2020, 138-143 J. Teyssier et al., Nature Communications 5, 2015, 6368 S. V. Saenko et al., BMC Biol 11, 2013, 105 D. Stuart Fox, A. Moussalli, PLoS Biol 6, 2008, e25 D. Stuart-Fox and A. Moussali, Phi. Trans. R. Soc. B 364, 2009, 463-470

In this episode we talk with Paul Wolff Mitchell, of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, about the skull measurements of 19th century founding father of the American School of Anthropology, Samuel George Morton. Morton used his skull measurements to provide scientific support for polygenism (multiple origins of human races), slavery, and the ranking of races (as we discussed in earlier episodes: Monogenism and Polygenism and Morton and Gould--Polygeny Side B). Mitchell has analyzed Morton’s handwritten notes in an attempt to shed further light on the issue of Morton’s bias which was initially raised by Stephen Jay Gould in his 1978 article (Gould, 1978) and elaborated in his book, The Mismeasure of Man (Gould, 1981, 1996). Mitchell uses Morton’s contemporary, Friedrich Tiedemann, as an exemplar of someone using cranial measurements to come to the exact opposite conclusion, that the races were equal (Tiedemann, 1836). Here are some resources about this controversy: Publications by Mitchell: Mitchell, P. W. (2018). The fault in his seeds: Lost notes to the case of bias in Samuel George Morton’s cranial race science. Plos Biology, 16(10), e2007008. Mitchell, P. W., & Michael, J. S. (2019). Bias, Brains, and Skulls: Tracing the Legacy of Scientific Racism in the Nineteenth-Century Works of Samuel George Morton and Friedrich Tiedemann. In E. August, B. R. Furrow, K. Richter, K. K. Thomason, D. Costello, J. S. Michael, P. W. Mitchell, & U. Bettray (Eds.), Embodied Difference: Divergent Bodies in Public Discourse (pp. 77-98). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. Gould’s paper and book: Gould, S. J. (1978). Morton's ranking of races by cranial capacity. Unconscious manipulation of data may be a scientific norm. Science, 200(4341), 503-509. doi:10.1126/science.347573 Gould, S. J. (1981). The mismeasure of man. New York: WW Norton. Gould, S. J. (1996). The mismeasure of man (Revised and Expanded ed.): WW Norton & Company. Other reconsiderations of the Morton and Gould argument: Kaplan, J. M., Pigliucci, M., & Banta, J. A. (2015). Gould on Morton, Redux: What can the debate reveal about the limits of data? Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 52, 22-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.01.001 Lewis, J. E., DeGusta, D., Meyer, M. R., Monge, J. M., Mann, A. E., & Holloway, R. L. (2011). The mismeasure of science: Stephen Jay Gould versus Samuel George Morton on skulls and bias. PLoS Biol, 9(6), e1001071. Michael, J. S. (1988). A New Look at Morton's Craniological Research. Current Anthropology, 29(2), 349-354. doi:10.1086/203646 Michael, J. S. (2012, June 14, 2013). Personal Commentary on Morton & Gould Part 1. Retrieved from http://michael1988.com/?page_id=424 Weisberg, M. (2014). Remeasuring man. Evolution & Development, 16(3), 166-178. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12077 Morton’s work: Morton, S. G. (1844). Crania Aegyptiaca: or, Observations on Egyptian ethnography, derived from anatomy, history, and the monuments (Vol. 9): J. Pennington. Morton, S. G. (1849). Catalogue of Skulls of Man and the Inferior Animals, in the Collection of Samuel George Morton: Merrihew & Thompson, printers. Morton, S. G., & Combe, G. (1839). Crania Americana; or, a comparative view of the skulls of various aboriginal nations of North and South America: to which is prefixed an essay on the varieties of the human species: Philadelphia: J. Dobson; London: Simpkin, Marshall. Tiedemann on skulls: Tiedemann, F. (1836). XXIII. On the Brain of the Negro, Compared with That of the European and the Orang-Outang. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(126), 497-527. Our episode about Thugee Skulls and phrenology: Phrenology, Race, and Thug Heads

... or am I? Ben and Laura each present a side to a study on mirror self-recognition in fish. Hosts: Dr Laura Cappelatti and Dr Ben Whittaker References: Kohda et al. (2019) If a fish can pass the mark test, what are the implications for consciousness and self-awareness testing in animals? PLoS Biol. Frans de Waal (2019) Fish, mirrors, and a gradualist perspective on self-awareness. PLoS Biol. Video link Credits: This episode was edited in Audacity and is hosted by Anchor. The main theme is "Big Gay Waterfight" by Plushgoolash and the soundscape is "Stream, Water" by InspectorJ. Contact: Follow us on Twitter and Instagram or contact us by email (71percent.pod at gmail.com).

As social beings, we choose which group identities to assimilate with or invest in and which social groups we're most loyal to. Therefore, the degree to which we identify with and protect certain identities varies. So, today, we'll be talking all about our identities as individuals, why we seek social groups, and overall, the relationship between groups, individuals, and societies. References Journal Articles:  Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 17(5), 475-482. Cheng, C., Cheung, S., Chio, J., & Chan, M. (2013). Cultural Meaning of Perceived Control :Meta-Analysis of Locus of Control and Psychological Symptoms Across 18 Cultural Regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 152-188. Earley, P. C., Gibson, C. B., & Chen, C. C. (1999). “How Did I Do?” versus “How Did We Do?”: Cultural Contrasts of Performance Feedback Use and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(5), 594–619 Ford, B. Q., Dmitrieva, J. O., Heller, D., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Grossmann, I., Tamir, M., ... & Bokhan, T. (2015). Culture shapes whether the pursuit of happiness predicts higher or lower well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(6), 1053. Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). Contesting the “nature” of conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show. PLoS Biol, 10(11), e1001426. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253. McCarty, John A., & Shrum, L.J. (2001). The Influence of Individualism, Collectivism, and Locus of Control on Environmental Beliefs and Behavior. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 20(1), 93-104. Mermelstein, R., Cohen, S., Lichtenstein, E., Baer, J. S., & Kamarck, T. (1986). Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 54(4), 447. Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Tyranny revisited. Psychologist, 19(3), 146-150.  Reicher, S., Haslam, S. A., & Rath, R. (2008). Making a virtue of evil: A five‐step social identity model of the development of collective hate. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(3), 1313-1344. Roberts, R. E., Phinney, J. S., Masse, L. C., Chen, Y. R., Roberts, C. R., & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity of young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 19(3), 301-322. Sharma, Shridhar. (2014). Self, Identity and Culture. 10.1007/978-81-322-1587-5_10. Stead, L. F., Carroll, A. J., & Lancaster, T. (2017). Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3). Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2001). Identity and cooperative behavior in groups. Group processes & intergroup relations, 4(3), 207-226. Books Mason, L. (2018). Uncivil agreement: How politics became our identity. University of Chicago Press. Podcasts McRaney, D. (Host) (2019, July 29) YANSS 159 – How political conflict became a battle over ‘who we think we are, rather than reasoned differences of opinion.' [Audio podcast]  https://youarenotsosmart.com/2019/07/29/yanss-133-how-political-conflict-became-a-battle-over-who-we-think-we-are-rather-than-reasoned-differences-of-opinion/ 

This week your host Stevie Foxette and Becca Audrey (@aeil_runner) to discuss tigers, Siberian tigers in detail, and the origins of white tigers. There’s also some The Big Lebowski quotes and yelling at lazy birders, and discussion on whether Stevie is actually Jeffery Dahmer. Chai White Russian recipe from Half Baked Harvest: https://www.halfbakedharvest.com/vanilla-chai-tea-white-russian/ Can, O.E., N. D’Cruze, M. Balaskas, D.W. Macdonald. (2017) Scientific crowdsourcing in wildlife research and conservation: Tigers (Panthera tigris) as a case study. PLoS Biol 15(3): e2001001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001001 Retrieved July 15, 2019 from https://www.theprustenproject.org/think-for-tigers-initiative.html Chestin, I.E., M.Y. Paltsyn, O.B. Pereladova, L.V. Iegorova, J.P. Gibbs. (2017). Tiger re-establishment potential to former Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) range in Central Asia. Biological Conservation 205: 42-51. Gray, T.N.E., R. Crouthers, K. Ramesh, J. Vattakaven, J. Borah, M.K.S. Pasha, T. Lim, C. Phan, R. Singh, B. Long, S. Chapman, O. Keo, M. Baltzer. (2017). A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia. Biodiversity and Conservation 26(10): 2383-2399. The Prusten Project. (2015). Think for Tigers Initiative. https://www.theprustenproject.org/think-for-tigers-initiative.html Wertheimer, L. (2010, September 14). The true story of a man-eating tiger’s “vengeance.” NP: Morning Edition. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129551459 Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 15). Siberian tiger. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:42, July 15, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siberian_tiger&oldid=906384418 Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 15). Tiger. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:43, July 15, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiger&oldid=906374561

シドニー・ブレナー博士特集回（後半）では、顕微鏡を用いた線虫の全細胞系譜追跡の偉業を振り返るとともに、CRISPR-Cas9ゲノム編集法やイメージング技術を用いた最新の細胞系譜追跡技術、技術開発にまつわる世代を超えたアイデアの伝搬とその哲学、顕微鏡（光学系）を使わないイメージング技術の台頭などについて話しました。Show notes The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Developmental Biology, 1983…Sulstonらによって線虫の全細胞における細胞系譜が初めて明らかにされた記念碑的な論文。Sulstonは4時間に及ぶ顕微鏡観察を毎日2回繰り返すことを何年も続け、959個の細胞系譜を明らかにした。 Jey Shendre…HarvardのGeorge Churchのlabで博士課程の学生だった頃、一発の実験で細胞系譜を一斉に追跡できるテクノロジーを作れ、と言われ無茶苦茶だと思いつつ取り組んだがうまく行かなかった。独立後、ラボメンバーとともにCRISPR-Cas9によるゲノム編集を用いることで当時は不可能だったアイデアを実現させ、それがGESTALT法 (Science 2016)となった。 Whole-organism lineage tracing by combinatorial and cumulative genome editing. Science, 2016…Jey Shendreによる全く新しい細胞系譜の追跡方法。CRISPR-Cas9によるゲノム編集を人工的な配列に引き起こすことにより、生体内で変異パタンを生成させ、このパタンの系統樹を描くことにより細胞系譜を追跡するGESTALT法。ゼブラフィッシュにおける複雑な細胞系譜が顕微鏡を使わず、一度のシーケンシングによって再構成できることを世界で初めて示した。このアイデアに世界中の研究者らが触発され、多くの関連技術群が開発される契機となった。 Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells. Nature, 2016…Long CaiとMichael ElowitzらによるCRISPR-Cas9と一分子RNA FISH法を組み合わせた細胞系譜の追跡技術、MEMOIR法。人工的な配列が時間経過とともにゲノム編集によって破壊され、一分子RNA FISHの蛍光が減弱するパタンを利用して、細胞系譜を追跡することができる方法。 light sheet fluorescence microscopy…Light sheet fluorescence microscopyのアイデア自体は古く、100年近く遡る。最近の光学系とカメラ、制御系の発展により、大きな分野となりつつある。 Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system. Livet et al. Nature, 2007…Brainbowのオリジナル論文。Cre-LoxPによるDNA組み換え酵素によって複数の蛍光タンパク質をランダムに発現させ、その多色のパタンによってクローンを標識・追跡が可能となる。 Sequencing the connectome. Zador et al. PLos Biol., 2012- ZadorらによるDNAバーコードを用いたコネクトーム計測のアイデア論文。大規模な空間情報を顕微鏡を使わずにいかにシーケンシングによって明らかにするか？という全く新しい発想を提示した一方、このアイデアがどのように実現できるのか、この当時はまだ自明でなかった（今も）。 Comprehensive mapping of long-range interactions reveals folding principles of the human genome. Lieberman-Aiden et al. Science, 2009…Hi-C法のオリジナル論文。この論文を起点として、核内における染色体高次構造、クロマチン構造解析が爆発的に進むようになった。 Capturing chromosome conformation. Dekker et al. Science, 2002…Hi-C法の基礎となった3C法のオリジナル論文。ホルムアルデヒドによる固定、制限酵素による切断、ライゲーション、PCR増幅という分子細胞生物学に必須ないくつかの基本的なテクニックを組み合わせることで、Job Dekkerはこの天才的なアイデアを生み出した。3C法の発明は分子細胞生物学、ゲノミクス研究の歴史において特異点的な偉業である。Job Dekkerはこの方法論にたどり着いた理由について、彼自身が博士時代にNMRの研究を行なっていたこと、分子生物学の実験でPCRだけはうまくできたこと、実験初期にすぐにうまくいったことだと、以前tadasuに語ってくれた。しかしその特異さゆえ、2009年のHi-C論文が世に出るまではなかなか評価されることはなかった。 Turning point: Job Dekker…Job Dekkerのポスドク回顧録。 DNA microscopy: Optics-free spatio-genetic imaging by a stand-alone chemical reaction…Avivによる光学系を全く用いない顕微鏡のアイデアであるDNA microscopy法。この技術の行方は今後も注視する必要がある。 low-input, high-throughput, no-output biology…Brennerが2008年に残した言葉。 “Progress in science depends on new techniques, new discoveries and new ideas, probably in that order”というSydney Brennerの言葉

Hoje temos um episódio extra pra vocês, é o Entrevista com Imunologistas, o segundo episódio do Microbiando Entrevista. Nossas queridas apresentadoras, as imunologistas Ana Carolina Oliveira e Juliana Echevarria, estiveram no congresso anual Immuno 2018, o congresso anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Imunologia, que ocorreu entre os dias 01 e 04 de agosto em Ouro Preto. Elas entrevistaram a Dra. Patricia Garcez, do ICB/UFRJ, que contou um pouco do seu trabalho sobre a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus, que são um grupo de sequelas causadas pela infecção, incluindo a microcefalia. O grupo da Dra. Patrícia descobriu que o estado nutricional da mãe impacta diretamente no desenvolvimento da Síndrome no feto. Nossas repórteres imunológicas também entrevistaram o Dr. Bruno Silva Santos, pesquisador português do Instituto de Medicina Molecular da Universidade de Lisboa. O Dr. Bruno estuda a resposta imunológica contra tumores e novas estratégias de imunoterapia. Ele revelou durante a sua entrevista o papel dos linfócitos gama delta (nós já falamos deles em um dos nossos episódios) na resposta anti-tumoral e se eles podem ser usados no tratamento contra o câncer. Além dessas entrevistas vocês poderão entender como o aleitamento materno está envolvido no desenvolvimento e nas funções do fígado e reprogramação metabólica durante a infância. O Dr. Gustavo Menezes, ICB/UFMG, contou entrevista como foi a sua trajetória profissional, quais são os possíveis caminhos que o recém formado pode tomar! E é claro, explicou que as funções do fígado estão associadas ao seu estado de desenvolvimento que depende do aleitamento materno. Cada vez mais fica clara a importância da amamentação!!   Palestrantes entrevistados Patricia Garcez - Laboratório de Neuroplasticidade, ICB/UFRJ sobre modulação da patogênese da sindrome congenita pelo vírus Zika: Barbeito-Andrés J, Schuler-Faccini L, Garcez PP. Why is congenital Zika syndrome asymmetrically distributed among human populations? PLoS Biol. 2018 Aug 24;16(8):e2006592. Garcez PP, Stolp HB, Sravanam S, Christoff RR, Ferreira JCCG, Dias AA, Pezzuto P, Higa LM, Barbeito-Andrés J, Ferreira RO, Andrade CBV, Siqueira M, Santos TMP, Drumond J, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, de Lima CVF, Tovar-Moll F, Lopes RT, Fragel-Madeira L, Lent R, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Stipursky J, Bellio M, Tanuri A, Molnár Z. Zika virus impairs the development of blood vessels in a mouse model of congenital infection. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 24;8(1):12774. Garcez PP, Loiola EC, Madeiro da Costa R, Higa LM, Trindade P, Delvecchio R, Nascimento JM, Brindeiro R, Tanuri A, Rehen SK. Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids. Science. 2016 May 13;352(6287):816-8.   Bruno Silva Santos - Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade de Lisboa sobre regulação metabólica de células T γδ (gama-delta) no câncer. Rodrigues NV, Correia DV, Mensurado S, Nóbrega-Pereira S, deBarros A,Kyle-Cezar F, Tutt A, Hayday AC, Norell H, Silva-Santos B, Dias S. Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake Inhibits the Activation and Antitumor Functions of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res. 2018 Apr;6(4):448-457. Mensurado S, Rei M, Lança T, Ioannou M, Gonçalves-Sousa N, Kubo H, Malissen M, Papayannopoulos V, Serre K, Silva-Santos B. Tumor-associated neutrophils suppress pro-tumoral IL-17+ γδ T cells through induction of oxidative stress. PLoS Biol. 2018 May 11;16(5):e2004990. Silva-Santos B, Serre K, Norell H. γδ T cells in cancer. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Nov;15(11):683-91.   Gustavo Batista de Menezes - Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, ICB/UFMG sobre alteração metabólica e imune durante o desenvolvimento neonatal: Nakagaki BN, Mafra K, de Carvalho É, Lopes ME, Carvalho-Gontijo R, de Castro-Oliveira HM, Campolina-Silva GH, de Miranda CDM, Antunes MM, Silva ACC, Diniz AB, Alvarenga DM, Lopes MAF, de Souza Lacerda VA, Mattos MS, Araújo AM, Vidigal PVT, Lima CX, Mahecha GAB, Madeira MFM,

This episode: Very small ocean algae consume bacterial prey of a similar size to themselves by engulfing them only partially! Download Episode (8.9 MB, 9.7 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Bradyrhizobium japonicum Journal Paper: Kamennaya NA, Kennaway G, Fuchs BM, Zubkov MV. 2018. “Pomacytosis”—Semi-extracellular phagocytosis of cyanobacteria by the smallest marine algae. PLOS Biol 16:e2003502. Other interesting stories: Using nanomagnets to control quorum sensing by pulling bacteria together (paper)   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, RSS, Google Play. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook

This episode: Studying how Wolbachia bacteria spread through a mosquito population helps efforts to use them to prevent the spread of Dengue! Thanks to Tom Schmidt for his contribution. Download Episode (11.3 MB, 12.4 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Heterosigma akashiwo virus 01 News item Journal Paper: Schmidt TL, Barton NH, Rašić G, Turley AP, Montgomery BL, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Cook PE, Ryan PA, Ritchie SA, Hoffmann AA, O’Neill SL, Turelli M. 2017. Local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing Wolbachia through an urban population of Aedes aegypti. PLOS Biol 15:e2001894. Other interesting stories: Gut bacteria affect what foods and bacteria that fruit flies prefer to eat Using mouth bacteria to estimate time of death Huge bacterial protein attaches to ice and diatoms Feeding friendly gut microbes helps prevent imbalance Bacteria can sense and respond to touch   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: iTunes, RSS, Google Play. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook

Being positive in life is usually seen as a good thing. Try to identify the silver lining and highlight it. But when it comes to research, that "spin" can have detrimental results for developing clinical guidelines and the scientific process as a whole. This is the final episode of this season - we'll see you all in a few months! 'Spin' in published biomedical literature: A methodological systematic review. Chiu K, Grundy Q, Bero L. PLoS Biol. 2017 Sep 11;15(9):e2002173. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002173. eCollection 2017 Sep. Recommendations are made in the absence of any good treatments. Colquhoun D. BMJ. 2017 Aug 30;358:j3975. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3975. Due to copyright laws, unless the article is open source we cannot legally post the PDF on the website for the world to download at will. That said, if you are having difficulty obtaining an article, contact us. Music for PT Inquest: "The Science of Selling Yourself Short" by Less Than Jake Used by Permission

This episode: Bacteria affect fruit fly behavior by reducing their need and craving for protein-rich food! Thanks to Dr. Carlos Ribeiro for his contribution! Download Episode (14.7 MB, 16.1 minutes) Show notes: News item Ribeiro lab website - two fully-funded postdoc opportunities available Journal Paper: Leitão-Gonçalves R, Carvalho-Santos Z, Francisco AP, Fioreze GT, Anjos M, Baltazar C, Elias AP, Itskov PM, Piper MDW, Ribeiro C. 2017. Commensal bacteria and essential amino acids control food choice behavior and reproduction. PLOS Biol 15:e2000862. Other interesting stories: Bacteria could help remove lead from mining waste (paper) Modified bacteria could make natural food coloring economically Diet correlates with gut microbe community structure better than body weight does (paper) Fungal symbionts in Arctic thawing out may help trees deal with heat How good are commercial microbiota tests?   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: iTunes, RSS, Google Play. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook

Olá, Pessoas! Neste episódio descobrimos O Nicho do Msc. Caio Ambrósio Leal-Dutra! Descubra um pouco mais sobre os Fugos e como eles podem ser cultivados por formigas! Faça o Download do episódio em:http://bit.ly/onicho-04 Assine nosso feed e receba todos os episódios automaticamente:http://feeds.feedburner.com/ONichoou assine no iTunes:itpc://feeds.feedburner.com/ONicho Curta nossa página no Facebook:http://facebook.com/onichopodcastSe inscreva em nosso canal do Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6GSsct7E6UhOev75tZHpyQ Referência do trabalho:DUTRA, Caio Ambrósio Leal.2015. Contribuições taxonômicas e filogenéticas ao estudo de Pterulaceae (Agaricales) coraloides. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 61 p. Links comentados no programa:- Financiamento Coletivo pra pesquisa de campo do Caiohttp://www.pterulaceae.com- Artigo sobre financiamento coletivo na ciência.Vachelard J, Gambarra-Soares T, Augustini G, Riul P, Maracaja-Coutinho V (2016) A Guide to Scientific Crowdfunding. PLoS Biol 14(2): e1002373. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002373 Músicas do Episódio por:Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) & Royalty Free Music from Bensound (www.bensound.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Crédito das fotos da vitrine por:Caio Ambrósio e Ariadne Furtado ‪#‎onicho‬ ‪#‎podcast

The TWiM cohort discusses the use of antimicrobial peptides to target specific bacteria in the microbiome, and how the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia selectively kills male hosts.   Links for this episode: Antimicrobial peptides to modulate microbial ecology (PNAS) Targeting specific bacteria in the oral microbiome (Trends Micro) How Wolbachiakills male hosts (PLoS Biol) Wolbachia phage on TWiV 332   Image: Transmission electron micrograph of Wolbachia within an insect cell. By: Scott O'Neill - Genome Sequence of the Intracellular Bacterium Wolbachia. PLoS Biol 2/3/2004: e76.