Podcasts about biological conservation

Birds of prey, also known as raptors, are species of birds that feed almost entirely on meat that they hunt. A new report shows that these birds are dropping in number worldwide. 猛禽，也称为猛禽，是几乎完全以它们狩猎的肉类为食的鸟类。 一份新报告表明，这些鸟在全球范围内下降。 Researchers from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and BirdLife International studied 557 raptor species. They found that 167 of the bird species are considered near threatened, vulnerable or endangered or critically endangered. Their study also reported that 18 species are critically endangered, including the Philippine eagle, the hooded vulture and the Annobon scops owl. 国际自然和鸟类国际保护联盟的研究人员研究了557种猛禽。 他们发现，有167种鸟类被认为是受到威胁，脆弱或濒危或严重濒临灭绝的。 他们的研究还报道说，有18种受到严重威胁，包括菲律宾鹰，带帽的秃鹰和Annobon Scops Owl。 Gerardo Ceballos is a bird scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He was one of the writers of the study, which appeared earlier this month in the publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. He noted that other species are in danger of becoming locally extinct in some areas of the world. That means they may no longer play important parts as top hunters in those environments. Gerardo Ceballos是墨西哥国家自治大学的鸟类科学家。 他是该研究的作家之一，该研究本月早些时候在美国国家科学院的出版论文集中发表。 他指出，其他物种在世界某些地区处于局部灭绝的危险。 这意味着他们可能不再在这些环境中作为顶级猎人发挥重要作用。 “The golden eagle is the national bird of Mexico, but we have very few golden eagles left in Mexico,” he said. A 2016 study estimated only about 200 remain in the country. 说：“金鹰是墨西哥的国家鸟，但我们在墨西哥留下的金鹰很少。” 2016年的一项研究估计在该国仅剩下200个。 Harpy eagles were once widespread throughout southern Mexico and Central and South America. But tree cutting and burning has greatly decreased their range.哈比鹰队曾经在整个墨西哥南部以及中美洲和南美洲都广泛。 但是，砍伐和燃烧大大减少了它们的范围。The study found that 54 percent of threatened birds of prey that are active mostly during the day — including most hawks, eagles and vultures —were falling in population. The same was true for 47 percent of threatened raptors active mostly at night, such as owls. 该研究发现，人口下降的人口中有54％的人在白天大多活跃的受威胁猛禽（包括大多数鹰，老鹰和秃鹰）都在下降。 对于47％的受威胁猛禽的活动中，大多在晚上（例如猫头鹰）也是如此。Evan Buechley is a researcher at the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and a scientist at nonprofit HawkWatch International. He was not involved in the study. He said the biggest threats to birds of prey are habitat loss, climate change and poisonous substances. 埃文·布希利（Evan Buechley）是史密森尼移民鸟中心的研究员，也是非营利性霍卡奇国际（Nonprofit Hawkwatch International）的科学家。 他没有参与研究。 他说，对猛禽的最大威胁是栖息地丧失，气候变化和有毒物质。 The insect-killing substance DDT thinned eggshells and destroyed bald eagle populations in North America, leading to its ban in the U.S. in 1972. But Buechley said other threats remain, including rodent-killing substances and the lead in hunters' ammunition. 杀死昆虫的物质滴滴涕稀释了蛋壳，并摧毁了北美的秃鹰种群，导致1972年在美国禁止其禁令。但是Buechley说，其他威胁仍然存在，包括杀死啮齿动物的物质和猎人弹药的负责人。Many raptors feed on rodents and dead animals. 许多猛禽以啮齿动物和死动物为食。 Widespread use of a drug used in farm animals led to the fast decline of vultures in South Asia. The birds died after eating animal remains, which decreased the population of some species by 95 percent in recent decades. 在农场动物中使用的药物的广泛使用导致南亚秃鹰的快速下降。 鸟类在吃动物遗体后死亡，近几十年来，一些物种的种群减少了95％。 In East Asia, many raptor species reproduce in northern China, Mongolia or Russia. They then travel down the eastern coast of China to spend summers in Southeast Asia or India. 在东亚，许多猛禽物种在中国北部，蒙古或俄罗斯繁殖。 然后，他们沿着中国东海岸旅行，在东南亚或印度度过夏天。 “Certain areas of the coast will see 30 to 40 species during peak migration,” said Yang Liu. He is an ecologist at Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou and was not involved in the study. 杨刘说：“沿海岸的某些地区将在高峰迁移期间看到30至40种物种。” 他是广州Sun Yat-Sen University的生态学家，没有参与这项研究。 He said that areas with thousands of birds passing through them “are important to protect.” 他说，成千上万的鸟类经过它们的地区“对于保护很重要”。 Stuart Butchart is chief scientist at BirdLife International in Britain. He said that most of the 4,200 areas identified by conservation groups as critical for raptor species worldwide “are unprotected or only partly covered by protected areas.” Stuart Butchart是英国Birdlife International的首席科学家。 他说，保护群体确定为全世界猛禽物种至关重要的4200个地区中，大多数是“受保护区的无保护或部分覆盖”。 A 2018 study in the publication Biological Conservation found that 52 percent of all raptor species worldwide are decreasing in population. 2018年在出版物生物保护中进行的一项研究发现，全球所有猛禽中有52％的人口正在减少。

On this episode, we speak to Dr Pablo P. Castello, currently a Research Fellow of the Animal Law and Policy Program at Harvard Law School. Pablo is an interdisciplinary political theorist whose work has appeared in such diverse locations as the American Political Science Review, Biological Conservation, and the feminist philosophy journal Hypatia. On this episode, however, we focus on his recent article 'The fabric of zoodemocracy: a systemic approach to deliberative zoodemocracy', which was published in the Critical Review in International Social and Political Philosophy, or CRISPP. Knowing Animals is proudly sponsored by the Animal Politics book series, published by Sydney University Press.

"There is no such thing as a sea turtle expert!" Dr. Kartik chuckles, recalling veteran biologist Dr. Jack Frazier's words. "Sea turtles will always find a way to do something that baffles you." Although lighthearted, Dr Kartik's remark speaks to his instinctive curiosity and ever-evolving understanding of sea turtles. A leading scientist and sea turtle conservationist from India, Dr Kartik Shanker is a strong advocate for decolonising sea turtle conservation and embracing more pluralistic ways of engaging with nature - a notion that he weaves throughout this candid conversation.Part one of this bonus episode begins with Dr Kartik exploring the enduring mysteries of arribada (mass nesting events that continue to baffle researchers). But the discussion soon takes a deeper turn, examining how conservation practice often prioritises visible, emotionally charged threats while overlooking the more complex, intangible challenges facing sea turtles.The conversation on conservation conundrums continues in part two of the episode, where Dr. Kartik confronts one of the most side-stepped topics in sea turtle conservation: the consumptive use of sea turtles. He critiques the dominant philosophy of protectionism, questioning its unintended consequences and urging the conservation community to reconsider its approach.This episode goes beyond sea turtles, it tackles the larger idea of how we perceive our relationship with nature and the very practice of conservation itself. So tune in now for a conversation that challenges the status quo and raises some tough questions.Further Reading, Sources & References:Shanker, K., Pandav, B., & Choudhury, B. C. (2004). An assessment of the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting population in Orissa, India. Biological Conservation.Shanker, K. (2015). From soup to superstar. HarperCollins Publishers IndiaR, H. (2021). The conservation paradox: Missing the meadows for the green turtles. RoundGlass Sustain.Sardeshpande, M., & MacMillan, D. (2018). Sea turtles support sustainable livelihoods at Ostional, Costa Rica. Cambridge University Press.Brockington, D. (2002). Fortress conservation: The preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania (Vol. 13). James Currey.Kartel Shockington: Kartel Shockington is a failed comic book creation with special powers of rapid hair loss. He sometimes appears as Kartik Shanker, and at other times as Dan BrockingtonShanker, K., Early Capistrán, M. M., Urteaga, J., Mohd Jani, J., Barrios-Garrido, H., & Wallace, B. P. (2023). Decolonizing sea turtle conservation. SWOT Report Vol 18.

"There is no such thing as a sea turtle expert!" Dr. Kartik chuckles, recalling veteran biologist Dr. Jack Frazier's words. "Sea turtles will always find a way to do something that baffles you." Although lighthearted, Dr Kartik's remark speaks to his instinctive curiosity and ever-evolving understanding of sea turtles. A leading scientist and sea turtle conservationist from India, Dr Kartik Shanker is a strong advocate for decolonising sea turtle conservation and embracing more pluralistic ways of engaging with nature - a notion that he weaves throughout this candid conversation.Part one of this bonus episode begins with Dr Kartik exploring the enduring mysteries of arribada (mass nesting events that continue to baffle researchers). But the discussion soon takes a deeper turn, examining how conservation practice often prioritises visible, emotionally charged threats while overlooking the more complex, intangible challenges facing sea turtles.The conversation on conservation conundrums continues in part two of the episode, where Dr. Kartik confronts one of the most side-stepped topics in sea turtle conservation: the consumptive use of sea turtles. He critiques the dominant philosophy of protectionism, questioning its unintended consequences and urging the conservation community to reconsider its approach.This episode goes beyond sea turtles, it tackles the larger idea of how we perceive our relationship with nature and the very practice of conservation itself. So tune in now for a conversation that challenges the status quo and raises some tough questions.Further Reading, Sources & References:Shanker, K., Pandav, B., & Choudhury, B. C. (2004). An assessment of the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting population in Orissa, India. Biological Conservation.Shanker, K. (2015). From soup to superstar. HarperCollins Publishers IndiaR, H. (2021). The conservation paradox: Missing the meadows for the green turtles. RoundGlass Sustain.Sardeshpande, M., & MacMillan, D. (2018). Sea turtles support sustainable livelihoods at Ostional, Costa Rica. Cambridge University Press.Brockington, D. (2002). Fortress conservation: The preservation of the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania (Vol. 13). James Currey.Kartel Shockington: Kartel Shockington is a failed comic book creation with special powers of rapid hair loss. He sometimes appears as Kartik Shanker, and at other times as Dan BrockingtonShanker, K., Early Capistrán, M. M., Urteaga, J., Mohd Jani, J., Barrios-Garrido, H., & Wallace, B. P. (2023).

Researchers say a large fish that was thought to have disappeared from Asia's Mekong River has been seen in the waterway in recent years. 研究人员表示，一种被认为从亚洲湄公河消失的大型鱼类近年来在该水道中被发现。 The fish is called a giant salmon carp. A recent study detailed the most recent sightings of the fish. The lead writer of that study said the fish was seen at least three times between 2020 and 2023. 这种鱼被称为巨型鲑鱼。最近的一项研究详细介绍了最近看到的这种鱼。该研究的主要作者表示，这种鱼在 2020 年至 2023 年间至少出现过 3 次。 The predatory fish can grow to more than one meter in length and has an identifiable yellow spot surrounding its large eyes.这种掠食性鱼类可以长到一米多长，大眼睛周围有一个可识别的黄色斑点。 The Mekong River is Southeast Asia's longest river. It passes through China, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam. About 60 million people depend on the river for food and survival. It is also an important environment for numerous river creatures. 湄公河是东南亚最长的河流。途经中国、老挝、泰国、缅甸、柬埔寨、越南。大约 6000 万人依赖这条河获取食物和生存。它也是众多河流生物的重要环境。 The leader of the research was Chheana Chhut. He is with the Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. “The giant salmon carp is like a symbol of the Mekong region,” Chheana recently told The Associated Press. 这项研究的领导者是 Chheana Chhut。他在柬埔寨金边的内陆渔业研究与发展研究所工作。“巨型鲑鱼就像湄公河地区的象征，”切阿纳最近告诉美联社。 He was the co-writer with other researchers of a study announcing the findings in the publication Biological Conservation. Chheana said researchers had believed that the last confirmed sighting of the fish in the Mekong was in 2005. 他与其他研究人员共同撰写了一项研究，并在《生物保护》杂志上公布了研究结果。Chheana 表示，研究人员认为最后一次确认在湄公河中发现这种鱼是在 2005 年。But since 2017, biologists following the movements of migratory fish in Cambodia developed relationships with local fishing communities. They asked people in the communities to inform them of any unusual sightings. 但自 2017 年以来，追踪柬埔寨洄游鱼类活动的生物学家与当地渔业社区建立了关系。他们要求社区里的人们告知他们任何异常的目击事件。 That process led to the finding that three giant salmon carp were identified in the Mekong River and a neighboring waterway in Cambodia between 2020 and 2023. 这一过程导致发现 2020 年至 2023 年间在湄公河和柬埔寨邻近水道中发现了 3 条巨型鲑鱼。 Bunyeth Chan is a researcher at Cambodia's Svay Rieng University. He helped lead the research. Bunyeth told the AP, “I was really surprised and excited to see the real fish for the first time.”Bunyeth Chan 是柬埔寨柴桢大学的研究员。他帮助领导了这项研究。班尼斯告诉美联社，“第一次看到真正的鱼，我感到非常惊讶和兴奋。” Researchers say the sightings give them new hope for the future of the species. Another name used for the species is “ghost fish.” 研究人员表示，这些目击事件给他们对该物种的未来带来了新的希望。该物种的另一个名称是“幽灵鱼”。 “This rediscovery is very exciting, positive news,” said Zeb Hogan. He is a fish biologist at the University of Nevada, Reno, who was part of the research team. “这一重新发现是非常令人兴奋的积极消息，”泽布·霍根说。他是内华达大学里诺分校的鱼类生物学家，也是该研究小组的成员。But the problems the fish experienced also demonstrate the dangers facing all migratory species in the Mekong. The huge river faces industrial pollution and overfishing, among other problems. 但鱼类所经历的问题也表明了湄公河所有迁徙物种所面临的危险。这条大河面临着工业污染和过度捕捞等问题。 Brian Eyler is director of the Southeast Asia Program at the Stimson Center in Washington, D.C. He was was not involved in the research. Eyler said one issue is that more than 700 dams are built along the river and neighboring waterways. In addition, there are very few workable “fish passages” that help species avoid obstructions. 布莱恩·艾勒是华盛顿特区史汀生中心东南亚项目主任。他没有参与这项研究。艾勒说，一个问题是沿河和邻近水道修建了 700 多座水坝。此外，能够帮助物种避开障碍物的可行“鱼道”非常少。 The Greater Mekong area includes Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. 大湄公河地区包括越南、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国和缅甸。 The researchers said they hope that cooperation with local communities in Thailand and Laos will permit them to confirm whether the fish also still swims in other parts of the Mekong.研究人员表示，他们希望与泰国和老挝当地社区的合作能够让他们确认这种鱼是否仍然在湄公河的其他地区游泳。

Caça é o nome dado à prática de capturar ou abater animais, perseguindo, prendendo ou rastreando-os intencionalmente. Separe trinta minutinhos do seu dia e descubra, com a Mila Massuda, sobre os impactos e consequências da caça de animais silvestres. Apresentação: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) Roteiro: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) e Emilio Garcia (@emilioblablalogia) Revisão de Roteiro: Luisa Kahakura (@lukahakura) Técnica de Gravação: Julianna Harsche (@juvisharsche) Editora: Lilian Correa (@_lilianleme) Mixagem e Masterização: Juscelino Filho (@juscelino_filho) Produção: Prof. Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares), Matheus Herédia (@Matheus_Heredia) e BláBláLogia (@blablalogia) Gravado e editado nos estúdios TocaCast, do grupo Tocalivros (@tocalivros) REFERÊNCIAS BENÍTEZ-LÓPEZ, A. et al. The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations. Science, v. 356, n. 6334, p. 180–183, 13 abr. 2017. FINN, C.; GRATTAROLA, F.; PINCHEIRA‐DONOSO, D. More losers than winners: investigating Anthropocene defaunation through the diversity of population trends. Biological Reviews, v. 98, n. 5, 15 maio 2023. LIM, J. Y. et al. Frugivore-fruit size relationships between palms and mammals reveal past and future defaunation impacts. Nature Communications, v. 11, n. 1, 29 set. 2020. OSURI, A. M. et al. Hunting and Forest Modification Have Distinct Defaunation Impacts on Tropical Mammals and Birds. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 2, 10 jan. 2020. SAMPAIO, R. et al. Vertebrate population changes induced by hunting in Amazonian sustainable-use protected areas. Biological Conservation, v. 284, p. 110206–110206, 1 ago. 2023.

Each year, hundreds of thousands of sea turtles are accidentally caught in fishing nets—a phenomenon known as bycatch, which poses a grave threat to these already vulnerable species.“Even the death of one individual has implications for a population that's already threatened. But in the case of fisheries, it's also not good for the reputation of the fisheries” says Dr Joanna Alfaro, a Peruvian marine biologist with 25 years of experience in marine conservation.Dr Joanna is also the Director and co-founder of ProDelphinus, a non-profit organisation in Peru that works with fishing communities to protect sea turtles and marine fauna from bycatch.Winner of Whitley Award, Dr Joanna, in this sixth episode of sea turtle stories, underscores the importance of working with fishing communities towards ensuring sustainable fisheries. “Of course, we have a special place in our hearts for turtles, but we also care for the people that are related to this marine environment. The ocean is not ours, it's everybody's” she emphasises. So join our host Minnie and Dr Joanna, as they tackle the critical issue of sea turtle bycatch, its mitigation in small-scale fisheries in Peru and the vital role of community engagement in conservation efforts.Links for Additional Reading: Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Mangel, J. C., Bernedo, F., Dutton, P. H., Seminoff, J. A., & Godley, B. J. (2011). Small-scale fisheries of Peru: A major sink for marine turtles in the Pacific. Journal of Applied Ecology.Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Dutton, P., Van Bressem, M.-F., & Mangel, J. (2009). Interactions between leatherback turtles and Peruvian artisanal fisheries. Chelonian Conservation and Biology.Gilman, E. et al. (2009). Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries. SeeTurtles.org.Bielli, A., Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Doherty, P. D., Godley, B. J., Ortiz, C., Pasara, A., Wang, J. H., & Mangel, J. C. (2020). An illuminating idea to reduce bycatch in the Peruvian small-scale gillnet fishery. Biological Conservation, Vol 241Lewison, R., Wallace, B., Alfaro-Shigueto, J., Mangel, J., Maxwell, S., & Hazen, E. (2013). Fisheries bycatch of marine turtles: Lessons learned from decades of research and conservation. Annual Review of Marine ScienceTo support Olive Ridley Project's work in sea turtle conservation, you can - Name and Adopt a wild sea turtle, Adopt a turtle patient or Donate here: https://oliveridleyproject.org/donateFollow us on Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tiktok and

There are two species of dormice in the UK. Today, we will be exploring the legislation around dormice, as well as the study which first pioneered the use of nest boxes for their study. Sources for this episode: Chanin, P. and Gubert, L. (2011), Surveying hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellinarius) with tubes and boxes: a comparison. Mammal Notes. Morris, P. A., Bright, P. W. and Woods, D. (1990), Use of Nestboxes by the Dormouse Muscardinus avellinarius. Biological Conservation 51: 1-13. Author unknown (2007), Dormouse: European Protected Species. Natural England Species Information Note SIN005. Author unknown, GOV.UK (date unknown), Hazel dormice: survey or research class licence (CL10a) (online) (Accessed c.02/04/2024). Author unknown, People's trust for endangered species (date unknown), Hazel dormouse disturbance licence (online) (Accessed c.02/04/2024).

Insects are among the most abundant organisms on Earth. About 350,000 beetle species, alone, have been described by science and this is considered to be only a fraction of their total number. In a variety of ways, insects are a fundamental part of natural and human-adapted systems. While some cause disease or ruin crops, others play a key role in ecosystem service provision, for example by pollinating certain crops or as food for other beneficial animals and people. Overall, the loss of insect species is a major concern. Some of the more exuberant headlines broadcasting this message have gone so far as to declare an imminent “insectageddon”. However, although many insect species are declining or in danger of decline, there is reason to be wary of such excessive claims. Data need to be carefully considered, revealing the complex patterns of change. Unfortunately the media, in particular, is often incentivized to focus on the more extreme findings and neglect the nuances. Jane Hill (OBE) is president of the Royal Entomological Society and a professor at the University of York. She helps me to pick apart the "insectageddon" idea, including how valid it is and how it came about in the first place.Links to ResourcesHow worried should we really be about "insectageddon"? - A Guardian interview with Jane in 2022.Plummeting insect numbers 'threaten collapse of nature' - An earlier Guardian article, pushing the idea of "insectageddon".Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers - The 2019 peer-reviewed literature review that may have started the "insectageddon" idea, in the journal Biological Conservation.Visit www.case4conservation.com

Conservation and sustainability scientists are often expected to advise policymakers and other decision-makers. But some of the issues that they are expected to advise on, have broader consensus than others. So, when is it appropriate to advise? When is it appropriate to advocate? When should they simply present all the options or interpretations, and leave it to the decision-makers?Françoise Cardou is a plant and a community ecologist and postdoctoral fellow at Carlton University in Ottawa, interested in understanding how people and nature affect each other in socio-ecological systems. In a recent paper in Biological Conservation, she and her colleague Mark Vellend discuss how important it is for conservation scientists to know which role is appropriate, to avoid being so-called “stealth advocates”.Links to resourcesStealth advocacy in ecology and conservation biology - Françoise's article in the journal, Biological Conservation.Visit www.case4conservation.com

In this episode, Divya speaks with Mathew Mabele. Mathew is a Conservation Social Scientist, currently appointed as a lecturer in the Department of Geography at the University of Dodoma in Tanzania. Mathew's research uses the lenses of political ecology and decolonial thinking to shed light on the systemic structures and processes driving socio-ecological injustices. His work explicitly focuses on knowledge systems, power, and politics over framings of concepts such as biodiversity conservation, protected areas, human-wildlife coexistence, and sustainability.   Divya discusses Mathew's work on decolonizing conservation research in Tanzania. This conversation was based on Mathew's recent work highlighting the challenges of representation and the impacts of the global North funding on conservation research in the global South. Mathew's balanced perspective resonates throughout the discussion—not anti-global North, but rather, a call to recalibrate research practices for greater inclusivity and justice. The conversation concludes with a discussion on Mathew's other ongoing collaboration on the Convivial Conservation project, where he has collaborated with a large group of scholars to chart pathways for a socially just, democratic, and inclusive form of biodiversity governance.   References:  Mabele, M. B., Nnko, H., Mwanyoka, I., Kiwango, W. A., & Makupa, E. (2023). Inequalities in the production and dissemination of biodiversity conservation knowledge on Tanzania: A 50-year bibliometric analysis. Biological Conservation, 279, 109910. Mabele, M. B., Kiwango, W. A., & Mwanyoka, I. (2023). Disrupting the epistemic empire is necessary for a decolonial ecology. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1-1. Kiwango, W. A., & Mabele, M. B. (2022). Why the convivial conservation vision needs complementing to be a viable alternative for conservation in the Global South. Conservation & Society, 20(2), 179-189. Mabele, M. B., Krauss, J. E., & Kiwango, W. (2022). Going Back to the roots: Ubuntu and just conservation in southern Africa. Conserv. Soc. 20, 92. Collins, Y. A., Macguire-Rajpaul, V., Krauss, J. E., Asiyanbi, A., Jiménez, A., Bukhi Mabele, M., & Alexander-Owen, M. (2021). Plotting the coloniality of conservation. Journal of Political Ecology. Corbera, E., Maestre-Andrés, S., Collins, Y. A., Mabele, M. B., & Brockington, D. (2021). Decolonizing biodiversity conservation. Journal of Political Ecology, 28, 889. Massarella, K., Nygren, A., Fletcher, R., Büscher, B., Kiwango, W. A., Komi, S., ... & Percequillo, A. R. (2021). Transformation beyond conservation: how critical social science can contribute to a radical new agenda in biodiversity conservation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 49, 79-87. Büscher, B., & Fletcher, R. (2019). Towards convivial conservation. Conservation & Society, 17(3), 283-296.

In this episode we wrap up our mountain lion discussion! We finally tell our mountain lion story, talk about a certain coyote, and go over several methods of non-lethal predator control.Please rate, review, subscribe, and share! Links we discussed:https://cougarfund.org/about-the-cougar/historical-timeline/ https://greateryellowstone.org/podcast/09https://mountainlion.org/ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/pumas-mountain-lions-cougars-society-social-cats-animals https://ondisneyplus.disney.com/show/animals-up-close-with-bertie-gregoryhttps://projectcoyote.org/carnivores/mountain-lion/ https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/fa8dd05e49304258a169f218b66e77c4 Sources Cited: Domingo, L., Tomassini, R. L., Montalvo, C. I., Sanz-Pérez, D., & Alberdi, M. T. (2020). The Great American Biotic Interchange Revisited: A new perspective from the stable isotope record of Argentine Pampas Fossil Mammals. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58575-6 Elbroch, L. M., Levy, M., Lubell, M., Quigley, H., & Caragiulo, A. (2017). Adaptive Social Strategies in a solitary carnivore. Science Advances, 3(10). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701218 Elbroch, L. M., O'Malley, C., Peziol, M., & Quigley, H. B. (2017). Vertebrate diversity benefiting from Carrion provided by Pumas and other subordinate, Apex Felids. Biological Conservation, 215, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.026 Greshko, M. (2021, May 3). Once thought Loners, Cougars revealed to have rich society. Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/pumas-mountain-lions-cougars-society-social-cats-animals Hansen, K. (1995). Cougar the American lion. Northland Publishing. Mammal with the most names. Guinness World Records. (2023). https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/78143-mammal-with-the-most-names Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Press play for Part 1 of our discussion about Mountain Lions! Since Pam is joined by Charlotte while Salome moves we decided to split this episode into our first two-parter!Please rate, review, subscribe, and share! Links we discussed:https://cougarfund.org/about-the-cougar/historical-timeline/https://mountainlion.org/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/pumas-mountain-lions-cougars-society-social-cats-animalshttps://projectcoyote.org/carnivores/mountain-lion/ https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/fa8dd05e49304258a169f218b66e77c4 Sources Cited: Domingo, L., Tomassini, R. L., Montalvo, C. I., Sanz-Pérez, D., & Alberdi, M. T. (2020). The Great American Biotic Interchange Revisited: A new perspective from the stable isotope record of Argentine Pampas Fossil Mammals. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58575-6Elbroch, L. M., Levy, M., Lubell, M., Quigley, H., & Caragiulo, A. (2017). Adaptive Social Strategies in a solitary carnivore. Science Advances, 3(10).https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701218Elbroch, L. M., O'Malley, C., Peziol, M., & Quigley, H. B. (2017). Vertebrate diversity benefiting from Carrion provided by Pumas and other subordinate, Apex Felids. Biological Conservation, 215, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.026Greshko, M. (2021, May 3). Once thought Loners, Cougars revealed to have rich society. Animals. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/pumas-mountain-lions-cougars-society-social-cats-animalsHansen, K. (1995). Cougar the American lion. Northland Publishing.Mammal with the most names. Guinness World Records. (2023). https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/78143-mammal-with-the-most-names Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Marcus and Will dive deeper into the literature surrounding the potential impacts of feeding on wild turkeys. Join as they discuss the data on risks of feeding across species, predation, pathogens, and contaminants and what we can do to mitigate these risks for turkeys moving forward.   Resources: Cooper, S. M., & Ginnett, T. F. (2000). Potential effects of supplemental feeding of deer on nest predation. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 660-666. Dale, L. L. (2014). Potential for aflatoxicosis in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) exposed to contaminated grain at feeding stations (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University). Dale, L. L., O'Connell, T. J., & Elmore, D. (2015). Aflatoxins in wildlife feed: Know how to protect wildlife. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Eckert, K. D., Keiter, D. A., & Beasley, J. C. (2019). Animal visitation to wild pig (Sus scrofa) wallows and implications for disease transmission. Journal of wildlife diseases, 55(2), 488-493. Godbois, I. A., Conner, L. M., & Warren, R. J. (2004). Space‐use patterns of bobcats relative to supplemental feeding of northern bobwhites. The Journal of wildlife management, 68(3), 514-518. Huang, M. H., Demarais, S., Strickland, B. K., & Brookshire, W. C. (2022). Identifying aflatoxin exposure risk from supplemental feeding of deer. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 58(2), 384-388. Huang, M. H., Demarais, S., Brookshire, W. C., & Strickland, B. K. (2022). Analysis of supplemental wildlife feeding in Mississippi and environmental gastrointestinal parasite load. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 995437. Monson, M. S., Coulombe, R. A., & Reed, K. M. (2015). Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from toxicity and responses to aflatoxin B1 in poultry. Agriculture, 5(3), 742-777. Moore, D. L., Henke, S. E., Fedynich, A. M., & Laurenz, J. C. (2019). The effect of aflatoxin on adaptive immune function in birds. Aflatoxins and wildlife, 155-180. Murray, M. H., Becker, D. J., Hall, R. J., & Hernandez, S. M. (2016). Wildlife health and supplemental feeding: a review and management recommendations. Biological Conservation, 204, 163-174. Pickova, D., Ostry, V., Toman, J., & Malir, F. (2021). Aflatoxins: History, significant milestones, recent data on their toxicity and ways to mitigation. Toxins, 13(6), 399. Rauber, R. H., Dilkin, P., Giacomini, L. Z., de Almeida, C. A., & Mallmann, C. A. (2007). Performance of turkey poults fed different doses of aflatoxins in the diet. Poultry Science, 86(8), 1620-1624. Sorensen, A., van Beest, F. M., & Brook, R. K. (2014). Impacts of wildlife baiting and supplemental feeding on infectious disease transmission risk: a synthesis of knowledge. Preventive veterinary medicine, 113(4), 356-363. Quist, C. F., Bounous, D. I., Kilburn, J. V., Nettles, V. F., & Wyatt, R. D. (2000). The effect of dietary aflatoxin on wild turkey poults. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 36(3), 436-444.   Dr. Marcus Lashley (@DrDisturbance) (Academic Profile) Dr. Will Gulsby (@dr_will_gulsby) (Academic Profile) Turkeys for Tomorrow (@turkeysfortomorrow)  UF DEER Lab (@ufdeerlab) (YouTube)   Watch these podcasts on YouTube: Wild Turkey Science YouTube   Donate to wild turkey research: UF Turkey Donation Fund , Auburn Turkey Donation Fund  This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org.  Help us help turkeys by rating this podcast and sharing it with your friends and family.    Music by Artlist.io Produced & edited by Charlotte Nowak  

Marcus and Will dive deeper into the literature surrounding the potential impacts of feeding on wild turkeys. Join as they discuss the data on risks of feeding across species, predation, pathogens, and contaminants and what we can do to mitigate these risks for turkeys moving forward.   Resources: Cooper, S. M., & Ginnett, T. F. (2000). Potential effects of supplemental feeding of deer on nest predation. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 660-666. Dale, L. L. (2014). Potential for aflatoxicosis in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) exposed to contaminated grain at feeding stations (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University). Dale, L. L., O'Connell, T. J., & Elmore, D. (2015). Aflatoxins in wildlife feed: Know how to protect wildlife. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. Eckert, K. D., Keiter, D. A., & Beasley, J. C. (2019). Animal visitation to wild pig (Sus scrofa) wallows and implications for disease transmission. Journal of wildlife diseases, 55(2), 488-493. Godbois, I. A., Conner, L. M., & Warren, R. J. (2004). Space‐use patterns of bobcats relative to supplemental feeding of northern bobwhites. The Journal of wildlife management, 68(3), 514-518. Huang, M. H., Demarais, S., Strickland, B. K., & Brookshire, W. C. (2022). Identifying aflatoxin exposure risk from supplemental feeding of deer. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 58(2), 384-388. Huang, M. H., Demarais, S., Brookshire, W. C., & Strickland, B. K. (2022). Analysis of supplemental wildlife feeding in Mississippi and environmental gastrointestinal parasite load. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 995437. Monson, M. S., Coulombe, R. A., & Reed, K. M. (2015). Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from toxicity and responses to aflatoxin B1 in poultry. Agriculture, 5(3), 742-777. Moore, D. L., Henke, S. E., Fedynich, A. M., & Laurenz, J. C. (2019). The effect of aflatoxin on adaptive immune function in birds. Aflatoxins and wildlife, 155-180. Murray, M. H., Becker, D. J., Hall, R. J., & Hernandez, S. M. (2016). Wildlife health and supplemental feeding: a review and management recommendations. Biological Conservation, 204, 163-174. Pickova, D., Ostry, V., Toman, J., & Malir, F. (2021). Aflatoxins: History, significant milestones, recent data on their toxicity and ways to mitigation. Toxins, 13(6), 399. Rauber, R. H., Dilkin, P., Giacomini, L. Z., de Almeida, C. A., & Mallmann, C. A. (2007). Performance of turkey poults fed different doses of aflatoxins in the diet. Poultry Science, 86(8), 1620-1624. Sorensen, A., van Beest, F. M., & Brook, R. K. (2014). Impacts of wildlife baiting and supplemental feeding on infectious disease transmission risk: a synthesis of knowledge. Preventive veterinary medicine, 113(4), 356-363. Quist, C. F., Bounous, D. I., Kilburn, J. V., Nettles, V. F., & Wyatt, R. D. (2000). The effect of dietary aflatoxin on wild turkey poults. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 36(3), 436-444.   Dr. Marcus Lashley (@DrDisturbance) (Academic Profile) Dr. Will Gulsby (@dr_will_gulsby) (Academic Profile) Turkeys for Tomorrow (@turkeysfortomorrow)  UF DEER Lab (@ufdeerlab) (YouTube)   Watch these podcasts on YouTube: Wild Turkey Science YouTube   Donate to wild turkey research: UF Turkey Donation Fund , Auburn Turkey Donation Fund  This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org.  Help us help turkeys by rating this podcast and sharing it with your friends and family.    Music by Dr. David Mason & Artlist.io Produced & edited by Charlotte Nowak

Episódio 81 - A percepção de risco das pessoas sobre a transmissão de doenças por morcegos é fortemente influenciada por notícias em portais na internet ou outros meios de comunicação. No episódio de hoje mostramos como notícias sensacionalistas e mal contextualizadas no início da pandemia de COVID-19 contribuíram para a matança de morcegos pelo mundo justamente por causa dessa influência que os noticiários têm sobre a percepção de risco das pessoas. Link do artigo mencionado no episódio: Nanni et al. (2022). Global response of conservationists across mass media likely constrained bat persecution due to COVID-19. Biological Conservation, 272: 109591. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320722001446

April is Animal Month on Big Books and Bold Ideas. But this time, we're not talking about dogs, monkeys or bats — but bees, beetles and butterflies. It might not seem like it on a summer night in Minnesota — when mosquitos are swarming your campfire — but Earth's kingdom of insects is diminishing so rapidly, scientists have declared it a crisis. In 2019, a report in published in Biological Conservation found that 40 percent of all insect species are declining globally and a third of them are endangered. The reasons why are myriad. And while it might be tempting to hope for a planet without wasps that sting and roaches in the kitchen, journalist Oliver Milman says human beings would be in big trouble without insects. Bugs play critical roles in pollinating plants, breaking down waste and laying the base of a food chain that other animals rely on — including us. This week, on Big Books and Bold Ideas, host Kerri Miller talked with Milman about his new book, “The Insect Crisis.” They explored what's causing the decline and what can be done about it — and discuss some fun facts about insects, too. Guest: Oliver Milman is an environmental correspondent for The Guardian. His book is “The Insect Crisis: The Fall of the Tiny Empires That Run the World.” To listen to the full conversation you can use the audio player above. Subscribe to the MPR News with Kerri Miller podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts or RSS. Subscribe to the Thread newsletter for the latest book and author news and must-read recommendations.

In this episode, we discuss the large-scale habitat changes that may have contributed to wild turkey decline, key management strategies that shifted the landscapes, what changes contributed to habitat loss, and what we can do to save the poults moving forward.  Papers: Barnes, Thomas G., Stephen J. DeMaso, and Matt A. Bahm. "The impact of 3 exotic, invasive grasses in the southeastern United States on wildlife." Wildlife Society Bulletin 37.3 (2013): 497-502. Carmichael Jr, D. Breck. "The Conservation Reserve Program and wildlife habitat in the southeastern United States." Wildlife Society Bulletin (1997): 773-775. Martinuzzi, Sebastián, et al. "Scenarios of future land use change around United States' protected areas." Biological Conservation 184 (2015): 446-455. Napton, Darrell E., et al. "Land changes and their driving forces in the Southeastern United States." Regional Environmental Change 10 (2010): 37-53. Nowacki, Gregory J., and Marc D. Abrams. "The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States." BioScience 58.2 (2008): 123-138. Griffith, Jerry A., Stephen V. Stehman, and Thomas R. Loveland. "Landscape trends in mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States ecoregions." Environmental Management 32 (2003): 572-588. Videos: Leaf Traits Affect Fire Behavior in Upland Hardwoods How Varying Fire Return Intervals Affect Plant Communities Over Decades Dr. Marcus Lashley (DrDisturbance) (Academic Profile) Dr. Will Gulsby (dr_will_gulsby) (Academic Profile) Turkeys for Tomorrow (turkeysfortomorrow)  UF DEER Lab (ufdeerlab) Donate to wild turkey research: UF Turkey Donation Fund , Auburn Turkey Donation Fund  This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org.  Help us help turkeys by rating this podcast and sharing it with your friends and family.  Produced by Charlotte Nowak  

In this episode, we discuss the large-scale habitat changes that may have contributed to wild turkey decline, key management strategies that shifted the landscapes, what changes contributed to habitat loss, and what we can do to save the poults moving forward.  Papers: Barnes, Thomas G., Stephen J. DeMaso, and Matt A. Bahm. "The impact of 3 exotic, invasive grasses in the southeastern United States on wildlife." Wildlife Society Bulletin 37.3 (2013): 497-502. Carmichael Jr, D. Breck. "The Conservation Reserve Program and wildlife habitat in the southeastern United States." Wildlife Society Bulletin (1997): 773-775. Martinuzzi, Sebastián, et al. "Scenarios of future land use change around United States' protected areas." Biological Conservation 184 (2015): 446-455. Napton, Darrell E., et al. "Land changes and their driving forces in the Southeastern United States." Regional Environmental Change 10 (2010): 37-53. Nowacki, Gregory J., and Marc D. Abrams. "The demise of fire and “mesophication” of forests in the eastern United States." BioScience 58.2 (2008): 123-138. Griffith, Jerry A., Stephen V. Stehman, and Thomas R. Loveland. "Landscape trends in mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States ecoregions." Environmental Management 32 (2003): 572-588. Videos: Leaf Traits Affect Fire Behavior in Upland Hardwoods How Varying Fire Return Intervals Affect Plant Communities Over Decades Dr. Marcus Lashley (DrDisturbance) (Academic Profile) Dr. Will Gulsby (dr_will_gulsby) (Academic Profile) Turkeys for Tomorrow (turkeysfortomorrow)  UF DEER Lab (ufdeerlab) Donate to wild turkey research: UF Turkey Donation Fund , Auburn Turkey Donation Fund  This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org.  Help us help turkeys by rating this podcast and sharing it with your friends and family.  Produced by Charlotte Nowak   

In today's episode, we will explore the effects of male-targeted harvest regimes on prey switching by female mountain lions and the implications for apparent competition on declining secondary prey. We will discuss how the decline of one prey species can cause mountain lions to switch to other prey species, leading to a cascade of ecological effects. Join us as we delve into the complex interactions between predators and their prey and how these interactions shape the structure and function of ecosystems. Keehner, J.R., Wielgus, R.B. and Keehner, A.M. (2015) “Effects of male targeted harvest regimes on prey switching by female mountain lions: Implications for apparent competition on declining secondary prey,” Biological Conservation, 192, pp. 101–108. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.006.     Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/paul-yudin/your-adrenaline License code: QWS1TG5BYTFK2PCL

Hallo und schön, dass du da bist! ❤️ Die heutige Podcastfolge liegt mir ganz besonders am Herzen. Ich bin ein Mensch, der immer auf sein Herz hört und meine Lebenscredo ist ja auch „Folge deinem Herzen“. Ich weiß aber auch wie wichtig es ist, den Verstand mitzunehmen und Wissen aufzubauen. Oft werde ich gefragt warum ich denn jetzt noch meinen Master mache, wieso ich mich dazu entschieden habe, ob es wegen dem Mastertitel ist oder ob ich dann glaubwürdiger dastehe oder ihn für irgendwelche Genehmigungen brauche. Tatsächlich kommt niemand auf die Idee, dass ich meinen Master mache, weil er mir Spaß macht. Mein Master macht mir tatsächlich Spaß und er ist essenziell und wichtig für den Aufbau der Farm und für meine Arbeit. Diese Podcastfolge soll dich motivieren auf dein Herz zu hören, aber auch, deinen Verstand mitzunehmen, insbesondere bei Themen, bei denen ausprobieren nicht so gut funktioniert. Ich erkläre dir in dieser Folge alle meine Beweggründe für den Master, und du kannst schauen, ob das für dich relevant ist. Ich sage nicht, dass jeder einen Master braucht, aber dass es in gewissen Bereichen wichtig und relevant ist dieses Wissen und das Netzwerk aufzubauen bevor man losgeht. Ich wünsche dir viel Freude mit der Podcastfolge. Wenn sie dir gefallen hat, freue ich mich riesig, wenn du mir eine 5 Sterne-Bewertung bei iTunes hinterlässt, damit ich noch mehr Menschen erreichen kann.   Alles Liebe, Deine Michi

Divya Karnad is an Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at Ashoka University in India. The focus of her work is marine conservation and fisheries management. She won the global Future for Nature Award in recognition for her work with InSeason Fish, a sustainable seafood initiative that she founded.  Divya is published in scientific journals like Ambio, Biological Conservation, Conservation Biology, Marine Policy and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science and offers a unique perspective on fishing and fishing communities.Support the showClick here for your copy of the "Scuba for Beginners" ebookGet your copy of my FREE guide "Be a Marine Biologist WITHOUT the degree"Join my email newsletterCheck out the @marinebio.life Instagram

CitationsClark, M., & Tilman, D. (2017). Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters, 12(6), 064016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5Garrido, P., Edenius, L., Mikusiński, G., Skarin, A., Jansson, A., & Thulin, C.-G. (2021). Experimental rewilding may restore abandoned wood-pastures if policy allows. Ambio, 50(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01320-0Smit, C., Ruifrok, J. L., van Klink, R., & Olff, H. (2015). Rewilding with large herbivores: The importance of grazing refuges for sapling establishment and wood-pasture formation. Biological Conservation, 182, 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.047Tilman, D., & Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959van Zanten, H. H. E., Meerburg, B. G., Bikker, P., Herrero, M., & de Boer, I. J. M. (2016). Opinion paper: The role of livestock in a sustainable diet: a land-use perspective. Animal, 10(4), 547–549. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002694Wirsenius, S., Azar, C., & Berndes, G. (2010). How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030? Agricultural Systems, 103(9), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2010.07.005 

Gillian Chow-Fraser, University of Victoria, lead author of the paper published in the journal Biological Conservation

Are you ready to explore some new apps for birding? In this episode, I'll reveal the best (and worst) birding apps I discovered this past month.Important links for this episode:Transcript of this episode.Sullivan, B., Wood, C., Iliff, M.J., Bonney, R.E., Fink, D., Kelling, S. (2009, May). e-Bird: A citizen-based bird observation network in the biological sciences. Biological Conservation: 142, p. 2282-2292.Buzzsprout: Start your own podcast with Buzzsprout.com! Use this link to get a $20 Amazon gift certificate when you sign up for a paid account. IllbirdPress.com posts our podcast each month. Stop by and say hello to David and tell him Here Birdy Birdy Birdy sent you!Stop by BuyMeACoffee (https://buymeacoffee.com/HBBB) and add a buck or two to my chai tea fund. I'd really appreciate it!

Spraying salt while chilling next to the shoreline –the M.O. of marine iguanas. But how do they cope with the harsh reality of life in 2021, like dramatic climate fluctuations and the increased pressures from humans? We also check out a tiny new Species of the Bi-week. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: French SS, Neuman-Lee LA, Terletzky PA, Kiriazis NM, Taylor EN, DeNardo DF. 2017. Too much of a good thing? Human disturbance linked to ecotourism has a “dose-dependent” impact on innate immunity and oxidative stress in marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus. Biological Conservation 210:37–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.006. Wikelski M, Thom C. 2000. Marine iguanas shrink to survive El Niño. Nature 403:37–38. DOI: 10.1038/47396. Species of the Bi-Week: Torres-Carvajal O, Parra V, Sales Nunes PM, Koch C. 2021. A New Species of Microtegu Lizard (Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae) from Amazonian Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 55. DOI: 10.1670/20-142. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: D'souza A, Gale GA, Marshall BM, Khamcha D, Waengsothorn S, Strine CT. 2021. Space use and activity of Boiga cyanea – a major songbird nest predator in a seasonal tropical forest in Thailand. Global Ecology and Conservation:e01875. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01875. Moravec, J., Šmíd, J., Štundl, J., & Lehr, E. (2018). Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests. ZooKeys, (774), 105. Wikelski, M. and P.H. Wrege. 2000. Niche expansion, body size, and survival in Galápagos marine iguanas. Oecologia 124: 107–115 Other Links/Mentions: Cassella, C. 2021. Injecting Algae Into Suffocated Tadpoles Brings Their Brain Cells Back to Life: https://www.sciencealert.com/injecting-algae-into-the-brains-of-suffocating-tadpoles-keeps-their-neurons-alive  Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Mike Mooney Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

In this episode of APES vs, we discuss the issues related to urbanization and evaluate the question "Does urbanization pose a concerning negative impact on our environment?" Disclaimer: we are playing the roles of the experts and are really high school students taking AP Environmental Science. Citations: McKinney, M. L. (2008). Effects of urbanization on species richness: a review of plants and animals. Urban ecosystems, 11(2), 161-176. Bonnet-Lebrun, A. S., Manica, A., & Rodrigues, A. S. (2020). Effects of urbanization on bird migration. Biological Conservation, 244, 108423. Friedland, A., & Relyea, R. (2019). Environmental Science for the AP® Course (Third ed.). BFW High School Publishers. Moore, M., Gould, P., & Keary, B. S. (2003). Global urbanization and impact on health. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 206(4-5), 269-278. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1438463904702230 Bradley, C. A., & Altizer, S. (2007). Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases. Trends in ecology & evolution, 22(2), 95-102. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169534706003648 Williams, D. S., Manez Costa, M., Sutherland, C., Celliers, L., & Scheffran, J. (2019). Vulnerability of informal settlements in the context of rapid urbanization and climate change. Environment and Urbanization, 31(1), 157-176. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0956247818819694#_i14 Garschagen, M., & Romero-Lankao, P. (2015). Exploring the relationships between urbanization trends and climate change vulnerability. Climatic Change, 133(1), 37-52. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-013-0812-6 Music: https://www.bensound.com

Learn how mushrooms are more like humans than plants; why your tongue isn’t a muscle; and ferret-training robot badgers. Mushrooms are more like humans than plants by Grant Currin More from this author. (2016, January 12). How Are Mushrooms More Similar to Humans than Plants?» Science ABC. Science ABC. https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/how-are-mushrooms-more-similar-to-humans-than-plants.html  Inglis-Arkell, E. (2012, September 7). Why are mushrooms more like humans than they are like plants? io9. https://io9.gizmodo.com/why-are-mushrooms-more-like-humans-than-they-are-like-p-5940434  Steenkamp, E. T., Wright, J., & Baldauf, S. L. (2005). The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj011  Baldauf, S. L., & Palmer, J. D. (1993). Animals and fungi are each other’s closest relatives: congruent evidence from multiple proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(24), 11558–11562. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.24.11558 ‌ Burki, F., Roger, A. J., Brown, M. W., & Simpson, A. G. B. (2020). The New Tree of Eukaryotes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 35(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.008  Why do people say the tongue is the strongest muscle in the body? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Dave) Julia Calderone,Ben Fogelson. (2014, August 15). Fact or Fiction?: The Tongue Is the Strongest Muscle in the Body. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-the-tongue-is-the-strongest-muscle-in-the-body/  ‌Katherine Harmon Courage. (2014, January 10). Octopus Arms, Human Tongues Intertwine for Science. Scientific American Blog Network. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/octopus-chronicles/octopus-arms-human-tongues-intertwine-for-science/  The Tongue - Muscles - Innervation - Vasculature - TeachMeAnatomy. (2015). Teachmeanatomy.info. https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/muscles/tongue/  Wildlife conservationists tried to train black-footed ferrets with robots by Cameron Duke Andrews, R. M. (1989, August 26). “Robo-Badger” Is Scary, But Do Friendly Ferrets Think So? AP NEWS; Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/3f45b4ae40266310acf8e4fffc70f01a  Biggins, D. E., Vargas, A., Godbey, J. L., & Anderson, S. H. (1999). Influence of prerelease experience on reintroduced black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Biological Conservation, 89(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00158-x  Edwards, M. C., Ford, C., Hoy, J. M., FitzGibbon, S., & Murray, P. J. (2021). How to train your wildlife: A review of predator avoidance training. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 234, 105170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105170  Heim, M. (2011, February). Survival Training, Ferret Style. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/survival-training-ferret-style-32562/  Saving the Black-footed Ferret. (2021). Biologicaldiversity.org. https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/black-footed_ferret/index.html  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer — for free! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

No capítulo de hoje Sula Salani fala sobre o artigo “Defining conservation units with enhanced molecular tools to reveal fine scale structuring among Mediterranean green turtle rookeries” Este trabalho discute o uso de diferentes ferramentas moleculares para determinar a unidade de conservação da tartaruga verde no Mar Mediterrâneo. Não perca esse episódio, pois nele você saberá a importância da escolha correta da metodologia e quais as consequências de um estudo molecular mal feito na conversação de uma espécie. Referência:  Bradshaw, P.G; Broderick, A.C.; Carrera, C.; Fuller, W.; Snape, R.T.E.; Wright, L.I.; Godley, B.J. Defining conservation units with enhanced molecular tools to reveal fine scale structuring among Mediterranean green turtle rookeries. Biological Conservation. 2018.

Episode Notes THE characteristic toucan species, Toco Toucan, tucanuçu, is the only toucan that doesn't live exclusively in forests. Like many hornbills in the Old World, these birds thrive in South America's savannas, where they're intricately connected to their ecosystems. Let's put them back in their place and do an explore. Thanks for listening to our weekly exploration of why grasslands are the best biome. We'll see you next week! Primary Sources: Pizo, M. A., Donatti, C. I., Guedes, N. M. R., & Galetti, M. (2008). Conservation puzzle: Endangered hyacinth macaw depends on its nest predator for reproduction. Biological Conservation, 141(3), 792–796. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.023 WikiAves: A Enciclopedia das Aves do Brasil Animal Diversity Web: _Ramphastos toco_ Trupkiewicz, J., Garner, M. M., & Juan-Sallés, C. (2018). Passeriformes, Caprimulgiformes, Coraciiformes, Piciformes, Bucerotiformes, and Apodiformes. Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals, 799–823. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805306-5.00033-x  Contact Website Facebook Twitter info@grasslandgroupies.org

Frogs: invasive menace, and victim. We look at two papers showing how frogs are fairing in the face of human-caused species invasions. One where the frog is the invader, another where the frogs are facing down a novel threat –mongooses. Species of the Bi-week is a wee salamander from Japan. Become a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/herphighlights FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Kim R, Halstead BJ, Routman EJ, Andersen J. 2021. When introduced prey violates trophic hierarchy: Conservation of an endangered predator. Biological Conservation 256:109019. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109019. Komine H, Iwai N, Kaji K. 2021. Rapid responses in morphology and performance of native frogs induced by predation pressure from invasive mongooses. Biological Invasions 23:1293–1305. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02440-0. Species of the Bi-Week: Okamiya H, Sugawara H, Nagano M, Poyarkov NA. 2018. An integrative taxonomic analysis reveals a new species of lotic Hynobius salamander from Japan. PeerJ 6:e5084. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5084. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Cooper, W. (2005). The foraging mode controversy: Both continuous variation and clustering of foraging movements occur. Journal of Zoology, 267(2), 179-190. DOI: 10.1017/S0952836905007375 King, R.B., Ray, J.M., Stanford, K.M. (2006). Gorging on gobies: beneficial effects of alien prey on a threatened vertebrate. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 84, 108–115. Other Links/Mentions: RedBubble Storefront: https://www.redbubble.com/people/herphighlights/shop Voices of Missouri's Toads and Frogs (1985) by Missouri Department of Conservation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDf_GLpC3uQ&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=mooutdoors Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Species Bi-week theme – Mike Mooney Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

------L'artiste Simon Pavec prend la parole pour le quatrième épisode de Mandibules ----- ◾️Un rapport publié dans la revue Biological Conservation indique que plus de 30% des insectes sont menacés d’extinction et un des co-auteurs de cette étude s’inquiète qu’il n’y ai plus d’insectes d’ici 100 ans. ➡︎Simon Pavec est très conscient de l’extrême vulnérabilité des insectes en ce moment, menacés par l’activité humaine. ◾️Il lie donc cette cause à sa pratique de la céramique. Les plaques qu’il réalise gardent la trace de ces êtres incroyables, comme pour en garder la mémoire. ????Dans cette interview Simon livre sa sensibilité pour les insectes, les sentiments et réflexions qu’ils lui inspirent. ????Vous pouvez découvrir son traitement de la céramique sur son site internet : https://simonpavec.book.fr et sur l’Instagram de Mandibules @Mandbules.podcast. ◾️Un épisode qui invite à l’humilité en amenant à se projeter dans les temps géologiques où sont apparus les premiers insectes Les actualités de Mandibules sont diffusées sur Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/mandibules.podcast Crédit musique : Titre: Cherry Picking Auteur: Erothyme Source: https://erothyme.bandcamp.com Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.fr Téléchargement (8MB): https://auboutdufil.com/?id=576

------L'artiste Simon Pavec prend la parole pour le quatrième épisode de Mandibules ----- ◾️Un rapport publié dans la revue Biological Conservation indique que plus de 30% des insectes sont menacés d'extinction et un des co-auteurs de cette étude s'inquiète qu'il n'y ai plus d'insectes d'ici 100 ans. ➡︎Simon Pavec est très conscient de l'extrême vulnérabilité des insectes en ce moment, menacés par l'activité humaine. ◾️Il lie donc cette cause à sa pratique de la céramique. Les plaques qu'il réalise gardent la trace de ces êtres incroyables, comme pour en garder la mémoire. ????Dans cette interview Simon livre sa sensibilité pour les insectes, les sentiments et réflexions qu'ils lui inspirent. ????Vous pouvez découvrir son traitement de la céramique sur son site internet : https://simonpavec.book.fr et sur l'Instagram de Mandibules @Mandbules.podcast. ◾️Un épisode qui invite à l'humilité en amenant à se projeter dans les temps géologiques où sont apparus les premiers insectes Les actualités de Mandibules sont diffusées sur Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/mandibules.podcast Crédit musique : Titre: Cherry Picking Auteur: Erothyme Source: https://erothyme.bandcamp.com Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.fr Téléchargement (8MB): https://auboutdufil.com/?id=576

Episode Notes What has four legs and walks on its middle finger and features heavily in all your favorite childhood video games?? Horses are actually kinda neat, it turns out, especially the modern conservation work of the last remaining wild horse, Przewalkski's Horse, the Takhi. Nicole embraces her childhood horsegirl vibes and kinda sorta teaches Rachel to appreciate horses because they're like camels. This description brought to you by Rachel. Thanks for listening to our weekly exploration of why grasslands are the best biome. We'll see you next week! Primary Sources: Be sure to check out photos and more at our site! Origin of horse domestication. Britannica Encyclopedia. Biosphere reserves. (2020, October 30). Kaczensky, P., Burnik Šturm, M., Sablin, M. V., Voigt, C. C., Smith, S., Ganbaatar, O., et al. (2017). Stable isotopes Reveal diet shift FROM PRE-EXTINCTION TO Reintroduced Przewalski's horses Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05329-6 Ransom, J. I., Kaczensky, P., Lubow, B. C., Ganbaatar, O., & Altansukh, N. (2012). A collaborative approach for estimating terrestrial wildlife abundance. Biological Conservation, 153, 219-226. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.006 William Taylor Assistant Professor and Curator of Archaeology. (2020, March 02). Humans domesticated horses – new tech could help archaeologists figure out where and when Contact Website Facebook Twitter info@grasslandgroupies.org

Un estudio publicado en la revista Biological Conservation explica que hay entre 90 y 100 hipopótamos que están rondando el Magdalena Medio. Al ser una especie invasora, no presenta depredadores en el país y se están reproduciendo rápidamente. Son catalogados como unos de los más letales en África, su lugar de origen, por lo que representan riesgos para los pobladores de la región, además del daño irreparable que causa en los ecosistemas colombianos y en especies nativas como el manatí y el chigüiro. Escucha en este podcast las tres opciones que están sobre la mesa para solucionar esta problemática, desde la perspectiva de Sebastián Restrepo Calle, investigador del tema y David Echeverri, coordinador del Grupo Bosques y Biodiversidad de la Corporación Autónoma Regional -CORNARE-. Realizado por: Jackeline Aza Valenzuela - jackeline.aza@udea.edu.co Mónica Alejandra Jiménez Ome - malejandra.jimenez1@udea.edu.co Luisa Fernanda Martinez Arenas - luisa.martineza1@udea.edu.co Felipe Osorio Vergara - felipe.osoriov@udea.edu.co Camila Andrea Rua Tovio - camila.rua@udea.edu.co Emmanuel Zapata Bedoya - emmanuel.zapata1@udea.edu.co Bajo la coordinación de Alejandro González Ochoa. Fragmentos vox pop tomados de: Teletrece. (31 de enero de 2020), Hora 13 Noticias. (19 de enero de 2021), DW Español. (23 de febrero de 2020), El Tiempo. (20 de enero de 2021), Associated Press. (9 de febrero de 2021), Revista Semana. (17 de febrero de 2021).

Snow leopards have been studied for over a century, specifically by the western world; they got heavily promoted by western media and TV as a rare sensation of the mountains (e.g. Matthiesen 2008). Realities do differ though, and here I show that the snow leopard is virtually free of Open Access data shared with the global public; many of its data are incomplete or come from zoos and captive animals in the U.S. (but not from zoos in Canada or EU etc or from the wild!). This podcast is based on our snow leopard study below (Huettmann 2020) using GBIF.org data, and I elaborate what this lack of data sharing means for an intransparent and not repeatable science and governance, why that is, and that it must be improved for better decisions with NGOs, nations like China & India, development aid agencies, extractive industries, corporations and other funders worldwide based on the snow leopard as a global icon of open access data sharing failure waiting for betterment. Citations Huettmann F. (2020) Chapter 23. A governance analysis of the snow leopard, its habitat and data: Who owns charismatic animals and who drives and uses the agenda for what? In: G.R. Regmi and F. Huettmann (eds). Hindu Kush-Himalaya Watersheds Downhill: Landscape Ecology and Conservation Perspectives. Springer Gland, Switzerland. pp. 459-472. Kandel K, F. Huettmann, M. K. Suwal, G.R. Regmi,V. Nijman, K.A.I. Nekaris,S.T. Lama,A. Thapa,H.P. Sharma and T.R. Subedi (2015) Rapid multi-nation distribution assessment of a charismatic conservation species using open access ensemble model GIS predictions: Red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in the Hindu-Kush Himalaya region.Biological Conservation 181: 150-161. Matthiesen P (2008) The snow leopard. Penguin Classics. London. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/falk-huettmann/support

Essa é a série Giro da Semana onde comentamos sobre algumas notícias que foram relevantes ao longo da semana. Essa relevância é não só pelo seu destaque em meio a outras notícias, mas também por serem temas importantes dentro da área ambiental. ► SEJA NOSSO PADRIM: https://www.padrim.com.br/EcoNaturae ► DOE PONTUALMENTE: https://picpay.me/econaturae ► Notícias e artigo dessa semana: Bicho-preguiça passa por cirurgias e faz tratamento após receber descarga elétrica no litoral de SP - G1 - https://tinyurl.com/o2e2d31w Poluição é responsável por uma em cada cinco mortes no mundo - Sapo Lifestyle - https://tinyurl.com/1riegwkj VARDI, Reut; BERGER-TAL, Oded; ROLL, Uri. iNaturalist insights illuminate COVID-19 effects on large mammals in urban centers. Biological Conservation, v. 254, p. 108953, 2021. ► Inscreva-se para receber nosso Boletim Informativo direto em seu e-mail - https://tinyurl.com/boletimeco ► SIGA NOSSAS REDES SOCIAIS Instagram - https://bit.ly/InstaEcoNaturae Facebook - https://bit.ly/FBEcoNaturae LinkedIn - https://bit.ly/LInEcoNaturae ► E-MAIL PARA CONTATO: naturae.eco@gmail.com

In episode 1 of the Biome podcast, we discuss the reintroducing of beavers in the UK. Support our channel by subscribing and please comment below to join the conversation.Instagram.com/biomebygrizzlyinstagram.com/robi_watkinson_wildlifeinstagram.com/emma_hodson_wildlifeReferences for the podcast.(Alakoski, Kauhala, Tuominen and Selonen, 2020)Alakoski, R., Kauhala, K., Tuominen, S. and Selonen, V., 2020. Environmental factors affecting the distributions of the native Eurasian beaver and the invasive North American beaver in Finland. Biological Conservation, 248, p.108680.(Auster, Puttock and Brazier, 2019)Auster, R., Puttock, A. and Brazier, R., 2019. Unravelling perceptions of Eurasian beaver reintroduction in Great Britain. Area, 52(2), pp.364-375.(BARNETT, 2020)BARNETT, R., 2020. MISSING LYNX. [Place of publication not identified]: BLOOMSBURY WILDLIFE.(Bashinskiy, 2020)Bashinskiy, I., 2020. Beavers in lakes: a review of their ecosystem impact. Aquatic Ecology, 54(4), pp.1097-1120.(Graham et al., 2020)Graham, H., Puttock, A., Macfarlane, W., Wheaton, J., Gilbert, J., Campbell-Palmer, R., Elliott, M., Gaywood, M., Anderson, K. and Brazier, R., 2020. Modelling Eurasian beaver foraging habitat and dam suitability, for predicting the location and number of dams throughout catchments in Great Britain. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 66(3).(HALLEY, 2010)HALLEY, D., 2010. Sourcing Eurasian beaver Castor fiber stock for reintroductions in Great Britain and Western Europe. Mammal Review, 41(1), pp.40-53.(Jackowiak, Busher and Krauze-Gryz, 2020)Jackowiak, M., Busher, P. and Krauze-Gryz, D., 2020. Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber) Winter Foraging Preferences in Northern Poland—The Role of Woody Vegetation Composition and Anthropopression Level. Animals, 10(8), p.1376.(Monbiot, n.d.)Monbiot, G., n.d. Feral. Penguin.(Thompson, Vehkaoja, Pellikka and Nummi, 2020)Thompson, S., Vehkaoja, M., Pellikka, J. and Nummi, P., 2020. Ecosystem services provided by beavers Castor spp. Mammal Review,.(Westbrook, Cooper and Baker, 2011)Westbrook, C., Cooper, D. and Baker, B., 2011. Beaver assisted river valley formation. River Research and Applications, 27(2), pp.247-256.(Wróbel, 2020)Wróbel, M., 2020. Population of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) in Europe. Global Ecology and Conservation, 23, p.e01046.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/thebiomeproject)

Join us as we attempt to pander to completely foreign cultures and expertly emulate their language! Sitta whiteheadi is the very frenchily-named, very mainland-France-inhabiting tiny dinosaur who's hobbies include getting laid…and getting VERY ILLEGALLY shot (a.k.a. formally, scientifically discovered) by those pesky Englishmen >:( Prepare to be offended in the name of another appropriated culture, as we doubt the French and Corsican listeners will last ‘till the intro music :) P.S. I love my French audience and please stay around….I don't have any other fans :'( ====================== Send us suggestions and comments to darwinsdeviations@gmail.com Intro/outro sampled from "Sequence (Mystery and Terror) 3" by Francisco Sánchez (@fanchisanchez) at pixabay.com Sound effects obtained from https://www.zapsplat.com Image Credit Àlex Milian, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (Episode image is heavily edited, the image owner reserves all rights to their image, and is not affiliated with our podcast) SOURCES: French Wikipedia: Sitelle Corse Wikipedia: Nuthatch Wikipedia: Corsica Wikipedia: List of birds of Corsica Fat Birder - Birding Corsica WWF - Mediterranean Sea: Corsica Island Brichetti, P. and Carlo Di Capi. “Conservation of the corsican nuthatch sitta whiteheadi sharpe, and proposals for habitat management.” Biological Conservation 39 (1987): 13-21. THIBAULT, JEAN-CLAUDE & Jenouvrier, Stéphanie. (2006). Annual survival rates of adult male Corsican Nuthatches Sitta whiteheadi. Ringing and Migration. 23. 10.1080/03078698.2006.9674349. Thibault, J.-C & Villard, P.. (2005). Reproductive ecology of the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi. Bird Study. 52. 282-288. Thibault, Jean‐Claude & Prodon, Roger & Villard, Pascal & Seguin, Jean-François. (2006). Habitat requirements and foraging behaviour of the Corsican Nuthatch (Sitta whiteheadi). Journal of Avian Biology. 37. 477 - 486. 10.1111/j.0908-8857.2006.03645.x. THIBAULT, JEAN-CLAUDE & HACQUEMAND, DIDIER & MONEGLIA, PASQUALE & PELLEGRINI, HERVÉ & Prodon, Roger & RECORBET, BERNARD & Seguin, Jean-François & VILLARD, PASCAL. (2011). Distribution and population size of the Corsican Nuthatch Sitta whiteheadi. Bird Conservation International. 21. 10.1017/S0959270910000468.

Genetic Engineering and Society Center GES Colloquium - Tuesdays 12-1PM (via Zoom) NC State University | http://go.ncsu.edu/ges-colloquium GES Mediasite - See videos, full abstracts, speaker bios, and slides https://go.ncsu.edu/ges-mediasite Twitter - https://twitter.com/GESCenterNCSU Environmental Justice Reconsidered: Epistemic Dominance in the Governance of Environmental Biotechnologies Environmental justice scholarship and practice often focuses on distributive or procedural dimensions of justice. While these are important, here I argue that the politics of recognition is foundational to these other two dimensions of environmental justice. Drawing on the case study of the Genetically Engineered American Chestnut tree and working with Haudenosaunee environmental and tribal leaders, I put forth that recognizing sovereignty and worldview are critical to a just governance of chestnut restoration. This framework also offers insight into other environmental biotechnologies, particularly those being proposed for species protection. Links & Resources Delborne, J., Kokotovich, A., & Barnhill-Dilling, S. K. (2018). Engaging community with humility. Science, 362(6414), 532-533 Barnhill-Dilling, S.K., Rivers, L. & Delborne, J.A. (2019) Rooted in recognition: Indigenous environmental justice and the genetically engineered American chestnut. Society & Natural Resources. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08941920.2019.1685145 Barnhill-Dilling, S. K., & Delborne, J. A. (2019). The genetically engineered American chestnut tree as opportunity for reciprocal restoration in Haudenosaunee communities. Biological Conservation, 232, 1-7. Delborne, J.A., Binder, A.R., Rivers, L., Barnes, J.C., Barnhill-Dilling, S.K., George, D., Kokotovich, A., and Sudweeks, J. (2018). Biotechnology, the American Chestnut Tree, and Public Engagement (Workshop Report). Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University. Available online: http://go.ncsu.edu/ges-chestnut-report Guest Speaker Dr. Katie Barnhill-Dilling (@barnhilldilling) is a postdoctoral research scholar at North Carolina State University in the Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources. She is a social scientist, exploring just environmental decision-making. Broadly, her research focuses on engaging diverse communities and stakeholders in complex environmental and natural resource governance questions. More specifically, she explores the politics and social science around emerging applications of biotechnology in biodiversity conservation and restoration. Katie situates herself at an intersection of Science, Technology, and Society studies — in particular public engagement with science and technology — and Environmental Justice. Her focus is primarily on qualitative methodologies, including in-depth interviews, focus group facilitation, and participant observation. GES Center -  Integrating scientific knowledge & diverse public values in shaping the futures of biotechnology. Find out more at https://ges-center-lectures-ncsu.pinecast.co

Dealing With The Aftermath Of Iowa’s Devastating Derecho  It’s been more than a week since the state of Iowa was hit by a surprise visitor: a line of thunderstorms with unusual power and duration, known as a derecho. The storms swept from South Dakota to Ohio in the course of a day. At its most powerful, the derecho hit Iowa’s Linn County and surroundings with hurricane-force winds amid the rain. Crops like corn and soybeans were flattened, while thousands of homes were damaged—if not completely destroyed.  Ira talks to Iowa Public Radio reporter Kate Payne and University of Northern Iowa meteorology professor Alan Czarnetzki about the devastating effects and unpredictable power of last week’s storm. An Argument For The Benefits Of—Not Bathing COVID has us all taking personal hygiene a lot more seriously these days. But for some, staying home during the pandemic has them rethinking their hygiene routines, including not showering. If the idea of not showering every day makes you feel icky, how about not showering for years? Writer James Hamblin says he stopped showering five years ago and never looked back. He says his skin has never been better, thanks to his healthy, well-functioning skin microbiome.  In his new book Clean: The New Science of Skin, Hamblin challenges the conventional wisdom about staying clean, and digs into the history of why we started showering in the first place. He discovered our modern notions of cleanliness have more to do with marketing and advertising than what’s really good for your skin. Hamblin joins Ira to talk about breaking the rules when it comes to cleanliness and discovering the benefits of skipping that shower.  Should We Conserve Parasites? Some Scientists Say Yes The idea of a parasite—an organism that needs a host organism—has always captured our attention and has been the theme of countless movies, from the sci-fi horror film Alien to the Oscar-winning movie Parasite. But a group of scientists say that parasites undeservedly get a bad reputation, and that some of them should even be conserved. They published their 12-point parasite conservation plan in the journal Biological Conservation. Parasite ecologist Skylar Hopkins and museum curator Kayce Bell, who are both authors on the recent article, talk about the role of parasites in the ecosystem and how a conservation plan might work. 

Prepare seu fone para mais um episódio incrível, dessa vez abordamos os insetos, seus papéis ecológicos e o porquê de sua queda na natureza! E o melhor, contamos com a participação da professora doutora Maria Santina. Graduada em ciências biológicas, com mestrado, doutorado e pós doc em zoologia pela Unesp de Rio Claro e, atualmente, é coordenadora do laboratório de mirmecologia do alto Tietê (Lamat) e do núcleo de ciências ambientais (NCA) na universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, onde também atua como docente nos cursos de graduação em ciências biológicas e pós-graduação em biotecnologia e políticas públicas. Errata – abelhas do gênero Bombus, conhecidas como mamangavas ou mangangás, são muito agressivas e possuem um ferrão fixo. Diferentemente de outras abelhas nativas, as mamangavas são muito agressivas e o ferrão é funcional. Material: Sánchez-Bayo, Francisco & Wyckhuys, Kris. Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological Conservation. (2019) Segue a gente lá nas redes sociais: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sapiens_cast/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/CastSapiens Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Sapienscast

Today we celebrate the man who established the science of botany in America. We'll also learn about the botanist who survived a plane crash in the Alaskan wilderness - an incredible story. We celebrate a presentation from 1977 that encouraged, "Take a pill if you will; I say take a plant to cope with everyday stress." We also learn about the little orchid that halted road construction in Louisiana and the British Plant Explorer that uncovered the orchid black market. Today's poetry features poems about summer. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book about infusing your garden with more color. And then we'll wrap things up with an adorable story about a botanically-inspired episode of an old TV show. But first, let's catch up on some Greetings from Gardeners around the world and today's curated news.   Subscribe Apple|Google|Spotify|Stitcher|iHeart   Gardener Greetings To participate in the Gardener Greetings segment, send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org And, to listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to play The Daily Gardener Podcast. It's that easy.   Curated News Migratory Birds Like Native Berries Best | Audubon “Even when fruits of invasive plants are abundant, migratory songbirds seek out native berries, according to new research. As winter approaches and the food supply dwindles, birds move south and devour fall fruits along the way to fuel their trip. But they don’t eat just any fruit on their autumnal journeys: Birds are after native berries, according to a study published in Biological Conservation in January. Even in late autumn, when fruits of invasive plants like Japanese barberry and multiflora rose dominate the landscape, migratory songbirds traversing New England seek out native blueberries, black cherries, and raspberries instead. North American birds evolved alongside North American plants for many thousands of years, so these are the berries they’re most familiar with. But that’s not the only reason to choose one fruit over another: Previous research has found that native fruits are more nutritious than their invasive counterparts. ‘They can’t be eating fast food before they take off on really long migrations,’ says ecologist Amanda Gallinat at the Utah State University, who led the new study. ‘They need something with high energy.’”   Our Favourite Garden Blogs..... | Sitting Spiritually The Blackberry Garden  Leicester-based ‘amateur and somewhat obsessed gardener’ Alison Levey opens the gates to her own garden, as well as inspirations and things about gardening that make her happy.  Her Instagram is definitely worth a follow to Instagram @blackberrygarden Dig Delve| Dig Delve features the writing of garden and landscape designer Dan Pearson and includes stories about gardens, horticulture, plants, landscape, nature, food ...all with stunning photography by Dan’s partner Huw Morgan. The Patient Gardener Helen Johnstone is the Patient Gardener and she says, “the title ‘Patient Gardener’ is quite aspirational as I’m not a particularly patient person… You will find that my posts are my own thoughts and ramblings mainly about my garden, my trials, and tribulations as well as my triumphs.” The Anxious Gardener David Marsden writes about his life as a full-time, working gardener in East Sussex, England. He tends two, large private gardens and shows them, and their wildlife, through the seasons. Sally Nex A garden writer based in Somerset, in the glorious countryside of the south-west of England. Mr Plant Geek Mr Plant Geek is Michael Perry, who brings over 18 years of experience in the horticultural industry to his blog … if you’re looking for shortcuts to gardening success, his blog is where to find uncomplicated tips – ‘I’m here to clear the fog, and help people enjoy easy gardens again!’ The Middle-Sized Garden Alexandra Campbell uses her blog to cover everything from how to use a garden fertilizer, growing vegetables, and how to improve your pruning. Do you have a middle-sized garden? If your garden is bigger than a courtyard but smaller than an acre, this is the one for you. The Curious Gardener Caleb Melchior describes himself as “a plant geek, writer, and designer. I believe in presence - being close, paying attention”   Plant Your Shade Trees Wisely. Today's chore was featured in The South Bend Tribune out of South Bend, Indiana, on this day in 1952. Here's what it said, "Don't plant your shade tree so that It shades your neighbor's yard Instead of your own. If you set the tree on the eastern border of your property, it will shade your neighbor's yard instead of your own garden during the hottest part of the day, in the afternoon. ...Consider your plantings as a permanent investment in beauty and comfort that is worth real thought."   Alright, that's it for today's gardening news.   Now, if you'd like to check out my curated news articles and blog posts for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So, there's no need to take notes or search for links. The next time you're on Facebook, just search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1838 On this day, the botanist Asa Gray resigned from the Wilkes Expedition. Gray was frustrated by all of the delays, he was a person of action, and he also disliked Captain Charles Wilkes. Gray disagreed with Wilkes about the Latin descriptions of the new taxa, and he also disagreed with Wilkes's staffing rules. Wilkes wanted to work with Americans only. But, Gray knew the work of the expedition would suffer without the help of European experts. So, Gray decided to pivot, and he left the expedition to accept a position at the University of Michigan. But, before he could officially start that job, Harvard wooed him away. At Harvard, Gray established the science of botany in America, and he guided the country into the international botany arena and made it competitive. And, that was due, in large part, to all of the great relationships Gray had established with European botanists. And, Gray was also terrific friends with Charles Darwin. So, it's no surprise to learn that it was Asa Gray who said, “Natural selection is not the wind which propels the vessel, but the rudder which, by friction, now on this side and now on that, shapes the course.”   1949 On this day, a 79-year-old botanist, Dr. Melville Thurston Cook, his wife, and their pilot were rescued by an Air Force helicopter after a week in the Alaskan wilderness. Cook reported they survived on 90 dozen eggs after their plane was forced down in the rugged Brooks Mountain range. As luck would have it, one thousand eighty eggs were aboard the plane as cargo. Cook shared their ingenuity with the world, telling how they had not lacked for variety in their preparation of the eggs, enjoying fried eggs, boiled eggs, poached eggs, scrambled eggs, shirred eggs, and omelet. Naturally, when he wasn't eating eggs, Dr. Cook collected specimens. Dr. Cook, who would be 80 in September, and his wife had been vacationing in Alaska. In newspaper accounts, he said he never doubted the party would be saved. But the crash had impacted their priorities. Following the accident, Cook and his wife moved to be closer to their children. One of their four kids followed Cook's footsteps to become a plant pathologist, Dr. Harold T. Cook. Before the accident, Cook was finishing up his career by working as a visiting part-time professor of plant pathology at Louisiana State University. During his prime, Cook had gone botanizing with Nathaniel Lord Britton and Elizabeth Gertrude Britton in Puerto Rico. He had also worked with Henry Allan Gleason at the New York Botanical Garden - rubbing shoulders with botanical giants.   1977 On this day, Ethan Allen and Elvin McDonald of House Beautiful (ww.housebeautiful.com) gave an inspiring presentation called "Decorating with Plants." McDonald revealed many new decorating-with-plant ideas. Keep in mind; this was three decades before Instagram. Otherwise, McDonald would have no doubt share photos of the over 300 plants in his apartment. In the newspaper promotions for his presentation, McDonald was quoted as saying, "Take a pill if you will; I say take a plant to cope with everyday stress."   1983 On this day newspaper headline on this day in The Town Talk in Alexandria, Louisiana said, 'Rare Plant Halts Road Work.' It turns out, a fifteen-million-dollar highway-widening project near College Station was stopped because it threatened a tiny, rare, and unusual orchid plant. The Spiranthes parksii (ii = "ee-eye"), is also known as Navasota Ladies' Tresses because it grows along the Navasota River. This rare orchid is only six inches tall with white blooms. First discovered in 1945, the Spiranthes parksii was described by Donovan Stewart Correll in his 1950 book, Native Orchids of North America North of Mexico.  And, when it became protected, the Navasota Ladies' Tresses were only the 54th U.S. plant species to be classified as endangered.   1988 On this day, British plant explorer Roy Lancaster revealed that a thriving black market for plants was threatening rare Chinese orchids. In the same way, an art collector might buy stolen works of art underground; elite plant collectors are the wealthy clients of orchid smugglers. Lancaster shared the plight of Paphiopedilum armeniacum ("paff-ee-oh-PED-ih-lum ar-MEN-ee-A-cum"), commonly known as the Golden Slipper Orchid - a rare orchid, which was discovered in 1980 but was 100 percent harvested from the world in 1983. In just three short years, the Golden Slipper Orchid had gone from discovery to presumed extinction.   Unearthed Words Here are some poems about summer:   The summer looks out from her brazen tower, Through the flashing bars of July. — Francis Thompson, English poet, A Corymbus for Autumn   Leaving the house, I went out to see The frog, for example, in her satiny skin; and her eggs like a slippery veil; and her eyes with their golden rims; and the pond with its risen lilies; and its warmed shores and the long, windless afternoons; like a dropped cloud, taking one slow step then standing awhile then taking another, writing her own soft-footed poem through the still waters. — Mary Oliver, American poet, Summer   Summer is come, for every spray now springs; The heart hath hung his old head on the pale; The buck in brake his winter coat he flings; The fishes flete with new repaired scale; The adder all her slough away she slings; The swift swallow pursueth the flies small; The busy bee her honey now she mings; Winter is worn that was the flowers' bale. And thus I see among these pleasant things Each care decays, and yet my sorrow springs. —Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English poet and politician, Sonnet 7   Grow That Garden Library The Flower-Powered Garden by Andy Vernon This book came out in 2018, and the subtitle is Supercharge Your Borders and Containers with Bold, Colourful Plant Combinations. The author Sarah Raven said, "Full of good tips, growing and design guides and an invaluable, zippy-zappy plant encyclopedia, Andy Vernon's new book will help you plot your own flower-powered collections to make your garden glow." Andy Vernon is an award-winning garden writer, photographer, and horticultural consultant. This book is 300 pages of illustrated ideas to improve and redo beds, advice on caring for plants, fifteen incredible color themes, and plant-picks to help you create a garden bursting with color. You can get a copy of The Flower-Powered Garden by Andy Vernon and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $5.   Today's Botanic Spark 1966 On this day, the New York Daily News shared the TV listing for 9 pm: it was a repeat episode of Bewitched starring Elizabeth Montgomery and Dick York. In the episode, rare black Peruvian roses robbed Samantha of her witching powers and gave her little green square spots on her face. Aunt Clara remembers that the Peruvian black rose was used to drive witches out of Peru. She sends Darrin off to gather items for the antidote, and then she brewed them all together. She needed bat wings, porpoise milk, the eye of newt, and an ostrich feather. Luckily for Samantha, Aunt Clara said that she could only get Peruvian black rose sickness once.

This latest entry in our series of Pubcasts, audio-book style recordings of peer reviewed scientific research, is an article about diagnosing complex conservation conflicts. Conservation conflicts are pressing social and environmental sustainability issues, and the complex underlying causes and escalating factors of such conflicts can often be difficult to understand. This article synthesizes a breadth of conservation conflict literature to lay out a transdisciplinary framework for diagnosing complex conservation conflicts composed of six key aspects: complexity, emergence, and stages; conflict status; basis of contention and cognitive framing; state of knowledge; state of values; and interventions. This framework is based in systems thinking and encourages users to harness thinking based in storytelling and consider how a conservation conflict represents a larger ongoing narrative with depth, meaning, and containing complex, interrelated storylines. Pubcasts are hosted by the Conservation of Change Lab (www.conservationofchange.org) as a part of Coastal Routes Radio, and are an ongoing project to experiment with science communication and making research more accessible and digestible to both scientific and general audiences. We were inspired to start Pubcasts via our own love of podcasts, demystifying science and the role of researchers in science, and the power of the human voice. We hope you enjoy and welcome feedback via Twitter at www.twitter.com/@Coastal_Routes. You can find more Pubcasts from the Coastal Routes project at www.coastalroutes.org/pubcasts. You can read the full paper, open-access and without paywalls, at the Biological Conservation website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632072030728X

The tenth episode of the Ocean Governance Podcast focuses on marine protected areas (MPAs). While being a well-established and much-discussed instrument for protection of the marine environment, the three articles discussed in this episode show that interesting perspectives can still be added to the discourse on MPAs. Our first article looks at the blending of rationales in designating and managing many large-scale MPAs in areas with a strong military legacy and sometimes also a remaining military presence. Although not drawing strong general conclusions about the effects of military legacies or military activities in MPAs, the author opens up an interesting discussion on the multiple interests and legacies that can affect marine areas and shape the conditions for their conservation and management. The second article, with a message directed to the ongoing negotiations on protection of biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, calls for the elaboration of new dynamic management tools, including mobile MPAs to be employed in high seas areas. Although mobile MPAs entail practical and policy challenges, the article provides strong arguments both for the utility and need of such an instrument and points to factors that could facilitate the practical operation of such MPAs. Not least rapid technological development in areas such as animal tracking, vessel monitoring and communication make such measures practically feasible. The third article constructively challenges the oft-repeated idea that MPAs are a good way of strengthening the resilience of marine ecosystems in the face of climate change. Noting the scarcity of empirical support for ecosystems within MPAs being less negatively affected by climate change related pressures such as rising water temperatures or severe storms, the authors point to factors that may actually make protected areas (seem) more rather than less vulnerable. This, however, does not mean that MPAs cannot be useful in countering the effects of climate change although their effectiveness may be more limited than often thought, and also require integrating climate change factors in the designation of protected areas. The three articles discussed in this episode are: A. E Bates, et al., Climate resilience in marine protected areas and the ‘Protection Paradox’, Biological Conservation 236 (2019), 305–314. S. M. Maxwell, K. M. Gjerde, M. G. Conners, and L. B. Crowde, Mobile protected areas for biodiversity on the high seas - Protecting mobile marine species and habitats under climate change will require innovative and dynamic tools, Science 367:6475 (2020), 252-254. E. M. De Santo, Militarized marine protected areas in overseas territories: Conserving biodiversity, geopolitical positioning, and securing resources in the 21st century, Ocean and Coastal Management 184 (2020), 105006. If you want to comment on the content or otherwise communicate with us, please do so by sending an email to: aron.westholm@law.gu.se. We hope that you will enjoy listening!

After an unscheduled delay we are back. What better way to return than a look into the lives and diets of water snakes - mysterious creatures of the wetlands, all consuming, and surprisingly numerous. We have a lumpy frog for the Species of the Bi-week. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Virgin, E. E., & King, R. B. (2019). What Does the Snake Eat? Breadth, Overlap, and Non-native Prey in the Diet of Three Sympatric Natricine Snakes. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 11. Willson, J. D., & Winne, C. T. (2016). Evaluating the functional importance of secretive species: A case study of aquatic snake predators in isolated wetlands. Journal of Zoology, 298(4), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12311 Species of the Bi-Week: Yánez-Muñoz, M. H., Veintimilla-Yánez, D., Batallas, D., & Cisneros-Heredia, D. F. (2019). A new giant Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) from the paramos of the Podocarpus National Park, southern Ecuador. ZooKeys, 852, 137–156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.852.24557 Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Brooks, S. E., Allison, E. H., & Reynolds, J. D. (2007). Vulnerability of Cambodian water snakes: Initial assessment of the impact of hunting at Tonle Sap Lake. Biological Conservation, 139(3–4), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.07.009 Other Links/Mentions: “Fantastic Voyage” Trailer, 20th Century Fox: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO5E4wkg0hA Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

Insekterna utgör världens största djurgrupp. Trots det vet vi fortfarande för lite om de flesta av dem för att kunna veta om de ökar eller minskar. Det vill svenska forskare ändra på. Efter oroväckande rapporter om insekter som minskar kraftigt i antal kan man undra vad det är som kommer att hända med våra insekter i framtiden. Men svaret är att det inte går att säga något säkert om det. I forskningsprojektet Insect Biome Atlas vill ekologen Andreia Miraldo och hennes kollegor därför undersöka förekomsten av insekter i både Sverige och på Madagaskar. Projektet är också ett sätt att utveckla en praktisk metod för att göra långsiktiga inventeringar av insekter. I Vetandets värld möter vi bland annat Amanda Bråkenhielm Brising som är en av de frivilliga volontärer som hjälper forskarna att samla in insekter. Referenser: Caspar A. Hallmann et al. More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLOS ONE 18 oktober 2017. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185809 FranciscoSánchez-Bayoa och A.G.Wyckhuys. Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers. Biological Conservation april 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020 Programledare: Sara Sällström sara.sallstrom@sverigesradio.se

This week your host Stevie Foxette and Becca Audrey (@aeil_runner) to discuss tigers, Siberian tigers in detail, and the origins of white tigers. There’s also some The Big Lebowski quotes and yelling at lazy birders, and discussion on whether Stevie is actually Jeffery Dahmer. Chai White Russian recipe from Half Baked Harvest: https://www.halfbakedharvest.com/vanilla-chai-tea-white-russian/ Can, O.E., N. D’Cruze, M. Balaskas, D.W. Macdonald. (2017) Scientific crowdsourcing in wildlife research and conservation: Tigers (Panthera tigris) as a case study. PLoS Biol 15(3): e2001001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001001 Retrieved July 15, 2019 from https://www.theprustenproject.org/think-for-tigers-initiative.html Chestin, I.E., M.Y. Paltsyn, O.B. Pereladova, L.V. Iegorova, J.P. Gibbs. (2017). Tiger re-establishment potential to former Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) range in Central Asia. Biological Conservation 205: 42-51. Gray, T.N.E., R. Crouthers, K. Ramesh, J. Vattakaven, J. Borah, M.K.S. Pasha, T. Lim, C. Phan, R. Singh, B. Long, S. Chapman, O. Keo, M. Baltzer. (2017). A framework for assessing readiness for tiger Panthera tigris reintroduction: a case study from eastern Cambodia. Biodiversity and Conservation 26(10): 2383-2399. The Prusten Project. (2015). Think for Tigers Initiative. https://www.theprustenproject.org/think-for-tigers-initiative.html Wertheimer, L. (2010, September 14). The true story of a man-eating tiger’s “vengeance.” NP: Morning Edition. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129551459 Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 15). Siberian tiger. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:42, July 15, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siberian_tiger&oldid=906384418 Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 15). Tiger. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:43, July 15, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiger&oldid=906374561

In this milestone episode we are talking about toads - how common Asian species are coping with changes in land use and how the same changes in Europe impact the poisonous gunk of the common toad Bufo bufo. Our Species of the Bi-Week has nice tubercles.  Main Paper References: Bókony, V., Üveges, B., Verebélyi, V., Ujhegyi, N., & Móricz, Á. M. (2019). Toads phenotypically adjust their chemical defences to anthropogenic habitat change. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39587-3 Karraker, N. E., Fischer, S., Aowphol, A., Sheridan, J., & Poo, S. (2018). Signals of forest degradation in the demography of common Asian amphibians. PeerJ, 6, e4220. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4220 Species of the Bi-Week: Carvalho, T. R. D., Giaretta, A. A., Angulo, A., Haddad, C. F. B., & Peloso, P. L. V. (2019). A New Amazonian Species of Adenomera (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Brazilian State of Pará: A Tody-Tyrant Voice in a Frog. American Museum Novitates, 3919(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1206/3919.1 Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Arbuckle, K., Brockhurst, M., & Speed, M. P. (2013). Does chemical defence increase niche space? A phylogenetic comparative analysis of the Musteloidea. Evolutionary Ecology, 27(5), 863–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-013-9629-z Karraker, N. E., & Welsh Jr, H. H. (2006). Long-term impacts of even-aged timber management on abundance and body condition of terrestrial amphibians in Northwestern California. Biological Conservation, 131(1), 132-140. Møller A et al. 2015 Effects of urbanization on bird phenology: a continental study of paired urban and rural populations. Climate Res. 66, 185– 199. (doi:10.3354/cr01344) Pramuk, J. B., Robertson, T., Sites, J. W., & Noonan, B. P. (2008). Around the world in 10 million years: Biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00348.x Other Links/Mentions: Call of Adenomera phonotriccus: https://soundcloud.com/museugoeldi/canto-da-nova-especie-de-ra-da-amazonia-adenomera-phonotriccus Link from Dr Levi Gray on twitter: https://t.co/eyEe6EXxxP Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

In 1898, two lions descended on a company of railway workers in British East Africa. For nine months they terrorized the camp, carrying off a new victim every few days, as engineer John Patterson struggled to stop them. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll track the "man-eaters of Tsavo" and learn what modern science has discovered about their motivations. We'll also consider more uses for two cars and puzzle over some prolific penguins. Intro: MIT drops a piano off a building every year. French architect Étienne-Louis Boullée proposed honoring Isaac Newton with a sarcophagus inside a 500-foot globe. Sources for our feature on the Tsavo man-eaters: John Henry Patterson, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, 1907. J.H. Patterson, "The Man-Eaters of Tsavo: The Lions That Stopped a Railway," Wide World Magazine 10:55 (October 1902), 3-12; 10:56 (November 1902), 112-118. J.H. Patterson, "The Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo," Field Museum of Natural History, 1926. Philip Caputo, Ghosts of Tsavo, 2002. Bruce D. Patterson, The Lions of Tsavo, 2004. Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans and Thomas Patrick Gnoske, "The Science of 'Man-Eating' Among Lions Panthera leo With a Reconstruction of the Natural History of the 'Man-Eaters of Tsavo,'" Journal of East African Natural History 90:1 (2001), 1-41. T.P. Gnoske, G.G. Celesia, and J.C. Kerbis Peterhans, "Dissociation Between Mane Development and Sexual Maturity in Lions (Panthera leo): Solution to the Tsavo Riddle?" Journal of Zoology 270:4 (2006), 551-560. Justin D. Yeakel, et al., "Cooperation and Individuality Among Man-Eating Lions," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:45 (2009), 19040-19043. Bruce D. Patterson, et al., "Livestock Predation by Lions (Panthera leo) and Other Carnivores on Ranches Neighboring Tsavo National Parks, Kenya," Biological Conservation 119:4 (2004), 507-516. Bruce D. Patterson, "On the Nature and Significance of Variability in Lions (Panthera leo)," Evolutionary Biology 34:1-2 (2007), 55-60. Bruce D. Patterson, Ellis J. Neiburger, Samuel M. Kasiki, "Tooth Breakage and Dental Disease as Causes of Carnivore-Human Conflicts," Journal of Mammalogy 84:1 (Feb. 28, 2003), 190–196. Roland W. Kays and Bruce D. Patterson, "Mane Variation in African Lions and Its Social Correlates," Canadian Journal of Zoology 80:3 (March 2002), 471. Larisa R.G. DeSantis and Bruce D. Patterson, "Dietary Behaviour of Man-Eating Lions as Revealed by Dental Microwear Textures," Scientific Reports 7:1 (2017), 904. Ellis J. Neiburger and Bruce D. Patterson, "The Man-Eaters With Bad Teeth," New York State Dental Journal 66:10 (2000), 26. "The Tale Teeth Tell About Legendary Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo," Laboratory Equipment, April 19, 2017. Alba Tomasula y Garcia, "The Lions of Tsavo: Man-Made Man-Eaters," Western Humanities Review 68:1 (Winter 2014), 195-200. Paul Raffaele, "Man-Eaters of Tsavo," Smithsonian Magazine, January 2010. Jason Bittel, "Why Man-Eating Lions Prey on People -- New Evidence," National Geographic, April 19, 2017. Mindy Weisberger, "What Drove Tsavo Lions to Eat People? Century-Old Mystery Solved," Live Science, April 19, 2017. David Salisbury, "The Tale Teeth Tell About the Legendary Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo," Vanderbilt University, April 19, 2017. Can Buckley, "Irishman's Account of Man-Eating Lions, 'the Ghost' and 'the Darkness,' in Africa," Irish Examiner, April 29, 2017. Ed Yong, "How Many People Did the Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo Actually Eat?" Discover, Nov. 2, 2009. Gemma Tarlach, "Infamous Man-Eaters of Tsavo Ate Like Zoo Animals," Discover, April 19, 2017. Jennifer McNulty, "Legendary 'Man-Eating' Lions of Tsavo Likely Ate About 35 People -- Not 135, Say Scientists," UCSC Newscenter, Nov. 1, 2009. Hannah Osborne, "Infamous Man-Eating Tsavo Lions Were Apparently Suffering From Toothache," Newsweek, April 19, 2017. Restored by a taxidermist, the lions are currently on display in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Listener mail: "Sweden's Jobs Agency to Lay Off 4,500 Staff," The Local Sweden, Jan. 30, 2019. Greg Myre, "Gas Lines Evoke Memories of Oil Crises in the 1970s," The Picture Show, National Public Radio, Nov. 10, 2012. Wikipedia, "Odd–Even Rationing" (accessed Feb. 23, 2019). Wikipedia, "1973 Oil Crisis" (accessed Feb. 23, 2019). Wikipedia, "1979 Oil Crisis" (accessed Feb. 23, 2019). Carl Bialik, "Fuel Rationing Is Hard to Gauge," Wall Street Journal, Nov. 16, 2012. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Mat Spedding, based on an item he heard on the podcast No Such Thing As a Fish. Here are three corroborating links (warning -- these spoil the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

Hosts: Ed Brown, Penny Dumsday, Lucas Randall, Dr Cameron Webb 00:00:58 A review study published in the journal Biological Conservation has found that over 40% of insect species are threatened with extinction. 00:29:06 Queensland has seen record-breaking floods this year, and everyone knows that mosquitoes love water. But what do floods mean for mosquito-borne diseases? 00:36:10 By studying sleepless flies, scientists have identified a gene that puts them to sleep when they need it the most. And interestingly, it doubles as part of their immune system. 00:42:32 From our immune system to taste and even our emotions - our guts have a big influence on our brains. And now new research shows that gut bacteria can affect our our mental health. Dr. Cameron Webb is a medical entomologist from the University of Sydney and NSW Health Pathology primarily interested in mosquitoes, mosquito-borne disease management, insect repellents and wetland rehabilitation. This episode contains traces of Abigail Fraeman, Mars Exploration Rover (MER) deputy project scientist at JPL.

This is Scott Amyx with today’s Climate Change Flash Briefing. You or someone in your family is bound to be afraid or creeped out by bugs. Don’t you sometime wish we didn’t have to deal with mosquitos, spiders and cockroaches? There are more insects than all the fish in the oceans and the livestock on land. They outnumber us by a factor of 17. Whether you’re a fan of insects or not, they play a critical role in our ecosystem. According to a report in the Biological Conservation, 40 percent of all insect species may be endangered over the next several decades. About 41 percent of all insect species have seen population declines in the past decade. The researchers indicate that we are witnessing the largest insect extinction event on Earth since the late Permian and Cretaceous periods. Studies suggest that the causes of insect declines are not tied to particular habitats but affect common traits shared among all insects. The researchers attribute this to habitat loss as a result of human development, deforestation and expansion of agriculture; pollution from pesticides, fertilizers and industrial wastes; parasites and pathogens; and climate change. Why are insects so important? Researchers warn that the loss of insects have a catastrophic impact on our planet as insects are the foundational base of many of the world’s ecosystems. When insects go extinct, other species soon follow. It begins to jeopardize the entire food supply. Stay tuned next time to find out why your favorite beer might be in jeopardy. And to learn more, visit https://ScottAmyx.com/.

durée : 00:45:04 - Dimanche, et après ? - par : Julie Gacon - Selon un rapport paru cette semaine dans la revue « Biological Conservation » et compilant les résultats de plus de 70 études à travers le monde, les insectes pourraient avoir totalement disparu dans 100 ans. Cette disparition accélérée des insectes est-elle inéluctable ? - réalisé par : Anne-Laure Chanel

To get your free 30-day trial of CuriosityStream, go to https://curiositystream.com/minute and use the code "minute". Just like the names of products and companies, animals' names can affect how we feel about them...and changing the name of a species might actually help us save it. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/ Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And download our videos on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer, Video Director & Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) Video Illustrator: Arcadi Garcia With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder Image Credits: Hong Kong's Golden Beach Dolphin Plaza by Wikimedia user WiNg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_Golden_Beach_Dolphin_Plaza.jpg African Wild Dog by Mathias Appel https://www.flickr.com/photos/mathiasappel/25233930273 Family Dog by Richard Elzey https://www.flickr.com/photos/elzey/6307525340/ Sloth by Régis Leroy https://www.flickr.com/photos/regilero/8727491349 Racoon Just Checking the Trash by Julie Corsi https://www.flickr.com/photos/corsinet/2967516964/ Scorpion by Steve Slater https://www.flickr.com/photos/wildlife_encounters/11026569913/ Snake by Photo by Jessica Bolser/USFWS https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwsmidwest/11193222776/ ___________________________________________ References: Jacquet, J. L. and Pauly, D. (2008) Trade secrets: renaming and mislabeling of seafood. Marine Policy 32: 309-318. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X07000760 Karaffa, P.T., M.M. Draheim, and Parsons, E.C.M. (2012) What’s in a name? Do species’ names impact student support for conservation? Human Dimensions of Wildlife 17: 308-310. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10871209.2012.676708?journalCode=uhdw20 Parsons, E.C.M., personal communication, October 2018. Rasmussen, G.S.A. (1999) Livestock predation by the painted hunting dog Lycaon pictus in a cattle ranching region of Zimbabwe: a case study. Biological Conservation 88: 133–139. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320798000068?via%3Dihub Sarasa M., Alasaad S., and Pérez J.M. (2012) Common names of species, the curious case of Capra pyrenaica and the concomitant steps towards the 'wild-to-domestic' transformation of a flagship species and its vernacular names. Biodiversity and Conservation 21:1–12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-011-0172-3 Scott, C. (2015) Otter social science research: An evaluation of the general public’s knowledge of otter species. (Master’s thesis) George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Retrieved from digilib.gmu.edu/ xmlui/handle/1920/10282 Wright, A., Veríssimo, D., Pilfold, K., Parsons, E. C. M., Ventre, K., Cousins, J., et al. (2015). Competitive outreach in the 21st Century: why we need conservation marketing. Ocean & Coastal Management 115: 41–48. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569115001829

This episode we are talking about the pet trade - from the livelihoods of people who collect wild reptiles and amphibians in Madagascar and through to one of the issues that sometimes arises: escapees becoming non-native nuisances. We round off with a Species of the Bi-Week in the form of a slippery new lizard. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Robinson, J. E., Griffiths, R. A., Fraser, I. M., Raharimalala, J., Roberts, D. L., & St. John, F. A. V. (2018). Supplying the wildlife trade as a livelihood strategy in a biodiversity hotspot. Ecology and Society, 23(1), art13. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09821-230113 Stringham, O. C., & Lockwood, J. L. (2018). Pet problems: Biological and economic factors that influence the release of alien reptiles and amphibians by pet owners. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55(6), 2632–2640. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13237 Species of the Bi-Week: Pui, Y. M., Karin, B. R., Bauer, A. M., & Das, I. (2017). A new species of Tropidophorus Duméril & Bibron, 1839 (Squamata: Sauria: Scincidae) from Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Zootaxa, 4258(6), 539. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.6.3 Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Auliya, M., Altherr, S., Ariano-Sanchez, D., Baard, E. H., Brown, C., Brown, R. M., … Ziegler, T. (2016). Trade in live reptiles, its impact on wild populations, and the role of the European market. Biological Conservation, 204, 103–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.017 Auliya, M., García-Moreno, J., Schmidt, B. R., Schmeller, D. S., Hoogmoed, M. S., Fisher, M. C., … Martel, A. (2016). The global amphibian trade flows through Europe: the need for enforcing and improving legislation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 25(13), 2581–2595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1193-8 Capinha, C., Seebens, H., Cassey, P., García-Díaz, P., Lenzner, B., Mang, T., … Essl, F. (2017). Diversity, biogeography and the global flows of alien amphibians and reptiles. Diversity and Distributions, 23(11), 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12617 Duffy, R., St John, F. A. V., Büscher, B., & Brockington, D. (2014). The militarization of anti-poaching: Undermining long term goals? Environmental Conservation, 42(4), 345–348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892915000119 Lybbert, T. J., Aboudrare, A., Chaloud, D., Magnan, N., & Nash, M. (2011). Booming markets for Moroccan argan oil appear to benefit some rural households while threatening the endemic argan forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(34), 13963-13968. Other Links/Mentions: Conservation chronicles: https://conservationchronicles.podbean.com/ Winter croc fest December 8, 2018 at Gatorama. Gatorama is an alligator farm and visitor attraction in Palmdale, Florida, USA. Sami Asad frog video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pvwtaZPicI Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

In 1761 a French schooner was shipwrecked in the Indian Ocean, leaving more than 200 people stranded on a tiny island. The crew departed in a makeshift boat, leaving 60 Malagasy slaves to fend for themselves and wait for rescue. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll tell the story of the Tromelin Island castaways, which one observer calls "arguably the most extraordinary story of survival ever documented." We'll also admire some hardworking cats and puzzle over a racer's death. Intro: In 1830 architect Thomas Willson proposed building an enormous pyramid to house London's dead. In 1959 a Norwegian insulation manufacturer undertook to transport a three-ton block of ice to the equator without refrigeration. Sources for our feature on the Tromelin Island castaways: Samir S. Patel, "Castaways," Archaeology, Sept. 15, 2014. "Lèse humanité," Economist, Dec. 16, 2015. Max Guérout, "Esclaves oubliés," La Revue Maritime 477 (December 2006). John Lichfield, "Shipwrecked and Abandoned: The Story of the Slave Crusoes," Independent, Feb. 5, 2007. James Russell, "The Recovery of Tromelin Island," National Geographic, April 11, 2016. V. Laroulandie and C. Lefèvre, "The Use of Avian Resources by the Forgotten Slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean)," International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 24:3 (2014), 407-416. Matthieu Le Corre, et al. "Seabird Recovery and Vegetation Dynamics After Norway Rat Eradication at Tromelin Island, Western Indian Ocean," Biological Conservation 185 (2015), 85-94. Nick Marriner et al., "A Geomorphological Reconnaissance of Tromelin Island, Indian Ocean," Journal of Coastal Research 28:6 (November 2012), 1606-1616. Urko Apaolaza Ávila, "Basques in the Caribbean Slave Trade (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries)," in William A. Douglass, ed., Basques in Cuba, 2016. Jane Webster, "Slave Ships and Maritime Archaeology: An Overview," International Journal of Historical Archaeology 12:1 (March 2008), 6–19. Annabelle Georgen, "Abandonnés sur une île déserte: la tragédie des esclaves oubliés de Tromelin," Slate, Feb. 22, 2017. Peter Mitchell and Paul Lane, The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology, 2013. Carl Thompson, Shipwreck in Art and Literature: Images and Interpretations from Antiquity to the Present Day, 2014. Nelly Schmidt, "Slavery and Its Abolition, French Colonies, Research and Transmission of Knowledge," UNESCO Slave Route Project. Constance Holden, "Random Samples," Science, New Series 315:5812 (Feb. 2, 2007), 579. Jasmina Sopova, "UNESCO Launches Forgotten Slaves Programme," UNESCO, April 23, 2004. "Archaeological Science," Health & Medicine Week, May 17, 2010, 1593. Sylviane Diouf, "Survivors: Sand Island," New York Public Library, March 7, 2012. H.A. Moriarty, Islands in the Southern Indian Ocean, Westward of Longitude 80° East, Including Madagascar, 1904. Alexander G. Findlay, A Directory for the Navigation of the Indian Ocean, 1866. A. Constable, Shipwrecks and Disasters at Sea, 1812. Lawrence G. Green, "Mystery Isles of the East," New York Times, June 21, 1931. Bernie McClenny, "Tromelin Island," QST 98:9 (September 2014), 91-92. "Foreign Intelligence," [London] General Evening Post, Aug. 21, 1777. "Extract of a Letter From Amsterdam, Aug. 7," London Chronicle, Aug. 22, 1777. Listener mail: "Chief Mouser Palmerston Develops a Taste for Duck," Times, July 24, 2018. "Library Cat Outlasts Councilman That Wanted Him Gone," CBS News, Dec. 16, 2016. Bud Kennedy, "Council Critic Takes Yet Another Swipe at Browser the Library Cat," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Dec. 10, 2016. Ricki Harris, "Beloved Cat Will Keep His Job at the Local Library After International Backlash," ABC News, July 5, 2016. Ricki Harris, "Beloved Cat Fired From His Job at a Local Public Library," ABC News, June 28, 2016. Wikipedia, "Mike (cat)" (accessed Sept. 4, 2018). E.A. Wallis Budge, "Mike", the Cat Who Assisted in Keeping the Main Gate of the British Museum From February 1909 to January 1929, 1929. R.B. Shaberman, Mike, the British Museum Cat, 1909-1929: A Jubilee Reminiscence, 1979. Dog Days of Summer Family Festival, Smithsonian National Postal Museum (accessed Sept. 6, 2018). This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Bryant Pocock, who sent these corroborating links (warning -- these spoil the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

Translocation is a popular method for reducing human-wildlife conflict, but does it work for snakes? We delve into a couple of new papers about translocation in venomous species. Our Species of the Bi-week is a viper with an unusual appetite. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main paper references: Devan-Song, A., Martelli, P., Dudgeon, D., Crow, P., Ades, G., & Karraker, N. E. (2016). Is long-distance translocation an effective mitigation tool for white-lipped pit vipers (Trimeresurus albolabris) in South China?. Biological Conservation, 204, 212-220. Wolfe, A. K., Fleming, P. A., & Bateman, P. W. (2018). Impacts of translocation on a large urban-adapted venomous snake. Wildlife Research. Species of the Bi-Week: Shi, J., G. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Fang, L. Ding, S. Huang, M. Hou, J. Liu, and P. Li. 2017. A new moth-preying alpine pit viper species from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (Viperidae, Crotalinae). Amphib. Reptil. 38: 517–532. Other mentioned papers: Barve, S., Bhaisare, D., & Giri, A. (2013). A preliminary study on translocation of “rescued” King Cobras (Ophiophagus hannah). Hamadryad, 36, 80-86. Butler, H., Malone, B., & Clemann, N. (2005). The effects of translocation on the spatial ecology of tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus) in a suburban landscape. Wildlife Research, 32(2), 165-171. Hart, K. M., Cherkiss, M. S., Smith, B. J., Mazzotti, F. J., Fujisaki, I., Snow, R. W., & Dorcas, M. E. (2015). Home range, habitat use, and movement patterns of non-native Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Animal Biotelemetry, 3(1), 8. Heiken, K. H., Brusch, G. A., Gartland, S., Escallón, C., Moore, I. T., and Taylor, E. N. (2016). Effects of long distance translocation on corticosterone and testosterone levels in male rattlesnakes. General and Comparative Endocrinology 237, 27–33. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.023 Tulloch, A. I., Auerbach, N., Avery-Gomm, S., Bayraktarov, E., Butt, N., Dickman, C. R., ... & Lavery, T. H. (2018). A decision tree for assessing the risks and benefits of publishing biodiversity data. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(8), 1209-1217. Zhu, F., Liu, Q., Che, J., Zhang, L., Chen, X., Yan, F., ... & Guo, P. (2016). Molecular phylogeography of white‐lipped tree viper (Trimeresurus; Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta, 45(3), 252-262. Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

We're back on the WCC couch to talk Owl Conservation over some Sour Owl blackcurrant cocktails, along with muffins and macaroons! We're joined by wildlife photographer, naturalist, and owl conservationist, Matt Wright from Faunagraphic. Also, after some two years, we welcome back our first guest Jasmine Zelený, wildlife scientist, photographer, snake catcher, and owl fanatic. We discuss Matt's background in raptor handling and rescue, how this developed into an interest in photography/wildlife tours, Australia's owl fauna, and eventually, owl conservation. We chat about Matt & Jasmines recent experiences in owling, assisting the Brisbane Powerful Owl Project, and much more. We also cover some fascinating new research in Australian owl fauna, articles below: Bradsworth et al. 2017 Species distribution models derived from citizen science data predict the fine scale movements of owls in an urbanizing landscape. Biological Conservation. 213. Uva et al. 2018 Comprehensive molecular phylogeny of barn owls and relatives (Family: Tytonidae), and their six major Pleistocene radiations. Molecular Phylogeny & Evolution. 125 You can find the Birds of the Night video and follow all the owl-y adventures at Faunagraphic.com.au, or on Facebook @Faunagraphic, and Instagram @_Faunagrpahic Check out Birdlife.org.au or Ebird.org to get involved in Australian bird-based citizen science. More WCC on the way! Cheers folks

Wildlife conflict is a major issue across Canada and around the world. As humans continue to alter landscapes, break down connectivity of ecosystems and attempt to control environments without consideration for the complex relationships between predators, prey, and other organisms, it seems that this conflict is increasing. Increasing alongside this is the need for research into how to prevent and mitigate conflict. A recent literature review, supplemented with original research findings by the author, highlights some of the major flaws in how humans have been managing predator conflict. Robert James Lennox, a PhD candidate at Carleton University, and his coauthors conducted a review into existing studies on predator removal. Their results were published in a study titled ‘Evaluating the efficacy of predator removal in a conflict-prone world’ in the August 2018 edition of the journal Biological Conservation. Robert found, in paraphrased words of his abstract, that predator removal only showed efficacy in the short-term, and tended to be an ineffective and costly approach to conflict prevention and resolution. The results of his review also showed that co-existence methods were more successful. While on a research trip in French Polynesia, Robert found time to join Defender Radio to discuss his motivations for the paper, the difficulties in defining success and failure, and why more research into predator management and co-existence matters. Special thanks to Dr. Michelle Booze for technical scientific assistance on this episode! Read the study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325857871_Evaluating_the_efficacy_of_predator_removal_in_a_conflict-prone_world Join the Defender Radio Patreon: www.Patreon.com/DefenderRadio Sign up for Defender Radio eMails: www.TheFurBearers.com/Updates  

Wildlife conflict is a major issue across Canada and around the world. As humans continue to alter landscapes, break down connectivity of ecosystems and attempt to control environments without consideration for the complex relationships between predators, prey, and other organisms, it seems that this conflict is increasing. Increasing alongside this is the need for research into how to prevent and mitigate conflict. A recent literature review, supplemented with original research findings by the author, highlights some of the major flaws in how humans have been managing predator conflict. Robert James Lennox, a PhD candidate at Carleton University, and his coauthors conducted a review into existing studies on predator removal. Their results were published in a study titled ‘Evaluating the efficacy of predator removal in a conflict-prone world’ in the August 2018 edition of the journal Biological Conservation. Robert found, in paraphrased words of his abstract, that predator removal only showed efficacy in the short-term, and tended to be an ineffective and costly approach to conflict prevention and resolution. The results of his review also showed that co-existence methods were more successful. While on a research trip in French Polynesia, Robert found time to join Defender Radio to discuss his motivations for the paper, the difficulties in defining success and failure, and why more research into predator management and co-existence matters. Read the study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325857871_Evaluating_the_efficacy_of_predator_removal_in_a_conflict-prone_world Defender Radio Patreon: www.Patreon.com/DefenderRadio Defender Radio eMails: www.TheFurBearers.com/updates  

Generally speaking, toads are laid back, easy-going creatures. But every so often a species will find itself an invader in a new land and wreak total havoc. We discuss one such toad (but not necessarily the one you might think). Of course there is a toad which is brand new to science as well, in our Species of the Bi-Week. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com  Main Paper References: Moore, M, JFSN Fidy, and D Edmonds. 2015. “The New Toad in Town: Distribution of the Asian Toad, Duttaphrynus Melanostictus, in the Toamasina Area of Eastern Madagascar.” Tropical Conservation Science 8 (2): 440–55. Marshall, BM, NR Casewell, M Vences, F Glaw, F Andreone, A Rakotoarison, G Zancolli, F Woog, and W Wüster. 2018. “Widespread Vulnerability of Malagasy Predators to the Toxins of an Introduced Toad.” Current Biology 28 (11): R654–55. Species of the Bi-Week: Landestoy T., MA, DB Turner, AB Marion, and SB Hedges. 2018. “A New Species of Caribbean Toad (Bufonidae, Peltophryne) from Southern Hispaniola.” Zootaxa 4403 (3): 523. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Brown, GP, BL Phillips, JK Webb, and R Shine. 2006. “Toad on the Road: Use of Roads as Dispersal Corridors by Cane Toads (Bufo marinus) at an Invasion Front in Tropical Australia.” Biological Conservation 133 (1): 88–94. Feit, B, CE Gordon, JK Webb, TS Jessop, SW Laffan, T Dempster, and M Letnic. 2018. “Invasive Cane Toads Might Initiate Cascades of Direct and Indirect Effects in a Terrestrial Ecosystem.” Biological Invasions. Springer International Publishing, 1–15. Jenkins, RKB, A Rabearivelo, CT Chan, WM Andre, R Randrianavelona, and JC Randrianantoandro. 2009. “The Harvest of Endemic Amphibians for Food in Eastern Madagascar.” Tropical Conservation Science 2 (1): 25–33. Kelly, E, and BL Phillips. 2018. “Targeted Gene Flow and Rapid Adaptation in an Endangered Marsupial.” Conservation Biology, June. Kuo, H-Y, C-W Hsu, J-H Chen, Y-L Wu, and Y-S Shen. 2007. “Life-Threatening Episode after Ingestion of Toad Eggs: A Case Report with Literature Review.” Emergancy Medecine Journal 24 (3): 215–16. Llewelyn, J, K Bell, L Schwarzkopf, RA Alford, and R Shine. 2012. “Ontogenetic Shifts in a Prey’s Chemical Defences Influence Feeding Responses of a Snake Predator.” Oecologia 169 (4): 965–73. O’Shea, M, A Kathriner, S Mecke, C Sanchez, and H Kaiser. 2013. “‘Fantastic Voyage’: A Live Blindsnake (Ramphotyphlops Braminus) Journeys through the Gastrointestinal System of a Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus).” Herpetology Notes 6 (1): 467–70. Mohammadi, S, Z Gompert, J Gonzalez, H Takeuchi, A Mori, and AH Savitzky. 2016. “Toxin-Resistant Isoforms of Na+/K+-ATPase in Snakes Do Not Closely Track Dietary Specialization on Toads.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283: 20162111. Phillips, BL, and R Shine. 2004. “Adapting to an Invasive Species: Toxic Cane Toads Induce Morphological Change in Australian Snakes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 (49): 17150–55. Pramuk, JB, T Robertson, JW Sites, and BP Noonan. 2008. “Around the World in 10 Million Years: Biogeography of the Nearly Cosmopolitan True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae).” Global Ecology and Biogeography 17 (1): 72–83. Reardon, J. T., Kraus, F., Moore, M., Rabenantenaina, L., Rabinivo, A., Rakotoarisoa, N. H., & Randrianasolo, H. H. (2018). Testing tools for eradicating the invasive toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus in Madagascar. Conservation Evidence 15, 12-19. Ujvari, B, HC Mun, AD Conigrave, A Bray, J Osterkamp, P Halling, and T Madsen. 2013. “Isolation Breeds Naivety: Island Living Robs Australian Varanid Lizards of Toad-Toxin Immunity via Four-Base-Pair Mutation.” Evolution 67 (1): 289–94. Ujvari, B, H Mun, AD Conigrave, C Ciofi, and T Madsen. 2014. “Invasive Toxic Prey May Imperil the Survival of an Iconic Giant Lizard, the Komodo Dragon.” Pacific Conservation Biology 20 (4): 363–65. Ujvari, B, NR Casewell, K Sunagar, K Arbuckle, W Wüster, N Lo, D O’Meally, et al. 2015. “Widespread Convergence in Toxin Resistance by Predictable Molecular Evolution.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (38): 11911–11916. Vences, M, JL Brown, A Lathrop, GM Rosa, A Cameron, A Crottini, R Dolch, et al. 2017. “Tracing a Toad Invasion: Lack of Mitochondrial DNA Variation, Haplotype Origins, and Potential Distribution of Introduced Duttaphrynus melanostictus in Madagascar.” Amphibia-Reptilia 38 (2): 197–207. Wogan, GOU, BL Stuart, DT Iskandar, and JA McGuire. 2016. “Deep Genetic Structure and Ecological Divergence in a Widespread Human Commensal Toad.” Biology Letters 12 (1): 20150807. Other Links/Mentions: CrocFest - www.crocfest.org Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com

This week’s episode is all about the bulkiest snake beast of them all – the ANACONDA. First we look into what neonate anacondas get up to. Then move onto a paper that investigates the human-anaconda conflict across South America (spoiler: people don’t like monster snakes). In lieu of a newly discovered anaconda we discuss a snake with a strange tail in Species of Bi-week. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Rivas, Jesús A., Cesar R. Molina, Sarah J. Corey, and G. M. Burghardt. 2016. “Natural History of Neonatal Green Anacondas (Eunectes Murinus): A Chip Off the Old Block.” Copeia 104 (2): 402–10. Miranda, Everton B P, Raimundo P Ribeiro-, and Christine Strüssmann. 2016. “The Ecology of Human-Anaconda Conflict: A Study Using Internet Videos.” Tropical Conservation Science 9 (1): 43–77. Species of the Bi-Week: Aengals, R., and S. R. Ganesh. 2013. "Rhinophis goweri-a new species of Shieldtail snake from the southern Eastern Ghats, India." Russian Journal of Herpetology 20 (1): 61-65. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: De la Quintana, Paola, Jesús A. Rivas, Federico Valdivia, and Luis F. Pacheco. 2017. "Home range and habitat use of Beni anacondas (Eunectes beniensis) in Bolivia." Amphibia-Reptilia 38 (4): 547-553. Denny, MW, BL Lockwood, and GN Somero. 2009. “Can the Giant Snake Predict Palaeoclimate?” Nature 460 (7255): E3–4. Gans, Carl, Herbert C. Dessauer, and Dusan Baic. 1978. "Axial differences in the musculature of uropeltid snakes: the freight-train approach to burrowing." Science 199 (4325): 189-192. Head, JJ, JI Bloch, AK Hastings, JR Bourque, EA Cadena, FA Herrera, PD Polly, and CA Jaramillo. 2009. “Head et Al. Reply.” Nature 460 (7255): E4–5. Head, JJ, JI Bloch, AK Hastings, JR Bourque, EA Cadena, FA Herrera, PD Polly, and CA Jaramillo. 2009. “Giant Boid Snake from the Palaeocene Neotropics Reveals Hotter Past Equatorial Temperatures.” Nature 457 (7230). Nature Publishing Group: 715–17. Headland, TN, and HW Greene. 2011. “Hunter-Gatherers and Other Primates as Prey, Predators, and Competitors of Snakes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 (52): 1470–74. Makarieva, AM, VG Gorshkov, and B-L Li. 2009. “Re-Calibrating the Snake Palaeothermometer.” Nature 460 (7255): E2–3. Maritz, B, J Penner, M Martins, J Crnobrnja-Isailović, S Spear, LRV Alencar, J Sigala-Rodriguez, et al. 2016. “Identifying Global Priorities for the Conservation of Vipers.” Biological Conservation 204: 94–102. Milanesi, P, FT Breiner, F Puopolo, and R Holderegger. 2017. “European Human-Dominated Landscapes Provide Ample Space for the Recolonization of Large Carnivore Populations under Future Land Change Scenarios.” Ecography 40: 1359–68. Moleón, M, JA Sánchez-Zapata, JM Gil-Sánchez, JM Barea-Azcón, E Ballesteros-Duperón, and E Virgós. 2011. “Laying the Foundations for a Human-Predator Conflict Solution: Assessing the Impact of Bonelli’s Eagle on Rabbits and Partridges.” PLoS ONE 6 (7). Natusch, D. J., and J. A. Lyons. 2012. "Relationships between ontogenetic changes in prey selection, head shape, sexual maturity, and colour in an Australasian python (Morelia viridis)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 107 (2): 269-276. O'Shea, Mark, Steve Slater, Rebecca Scott, Sarah A. Smith, Katie McDonald, Bob Lawrence and Marie Kubiak. 2016. “Eunectes murinus (Green Anaconda) Reproduction / Facultative parthenogenesis.” Herpetological Review 47 (1): 73 Pike, DA, L Pizzatto, BA Pike, and R Shine. 2008. “Estimating Survival Rates of Uncatchable Animals: The Myth of High Juvenile Mortality in Reptiles.” Ecology 89 (3): 607–11. Potts, JM, ST Buckland, L Thomas, and A Savage. 2012. “Estimating Abundance of Cryptic but Trappable Animals Using Trapping Point Transects: A Case Study for Key Largo Woodrats.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3 (4): 695–703. Sniderman, JMK. 2009. “Biased Reptilian Palaeothermometer?” Nature 460 (7255): E1–2. Strimple, P. D. 1993. “Overview of the natural history of the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus).” Herpetological Natural History, 1(1): 25-35. Waller T., Micucci P., Alvarenga E. 2007. Conservation biology of the yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) in northeastern Argentina. In: Biology of the boas and pythons. Henderson R.W. and Powell R. (Eds). Eagle Mountain Publishing, Utah Other Links/Mentions: Uropeltidae blog - http://snakesarelong.blogspot.co.uk/2017/02/shield-tailed-snakes-uropeltidae.html Harry Greene. Primates And Snakes, 75 Million Years Of Deadly Dialogue? - https://www.allaboutbirds.org/primates-and-snakes-75-million-years-of-deadly-dialogue-video/ Sami Asad’s. Frogs and deforestation, Science Slam Talk - https://youtu.be/7pvwtaZPicI Music – Treehouse by Ed Nelson

Though we were many time zones apart, I had the honor of chatting with Laura about her research with carnivorous plants in Western Australia! That's right, Laura studies plants that eat BUGS! If you've ever wondered, "how weird can plants get?" than this is the episode for you. Suggested Reading: ABC News about Laura's research: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-25/researcher-scouring-remote-wa-to-document-insect-eating-plants/8471012 IUCN support page for carnivorous plant research & conservation: http://support.iucnredlist.org/carnivorousplants A message from David Attenborough, patron of the IUCN Carnivorous Plant Specialist Group: http://www.iucn-cpsg.org/ Follow me: PhDrinking@gmail.com, @PhDrinking, @SadieWit, www.facebook.com/PhDrinking/ Follow Laura Skates: @floraskates, http://lauraskates.com/current-project/ Thanks to www.bensound.com/ for the intro/outro Thanks to @TylerDamme for audio editing Interested in more technical reading? Check out these links: Theory about carnivorous plants being restricted to sunny, wet, nutrient-poor conditions: Givnish, T., Burkhardt, E., Happel, R., & Weintraub, J. (1984). Carnivory in the Bromeliad Brocchinia reducta, with a Cost/Benefit Model for the General Restriction of Carnivorous Plants to Sunny, Moist, Nutrient-Poor Habitats. The American Naturalist, 124(4), 479-497. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2461590 The fly living in the Albany Pitcher Plant: Lymbery, S. J., Didham, R. K., Hopper, S. D., & Simmons, L. W. (2016). Mutualists or parasites? Context-dependent influence of symbiotic fly larvae on carnivorous investment in the Albany pitcher plant. Royal Society Open Science, 3(11), 160690. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160690 Conservation and threats to carnivorous plant populations: Jennings, D. E., & Rohr, J. R. (2011). A review of the conservation threats to carnivorous plants. Biological Conservation, 144(5), 1356-1363.

Crocodylians have been around for a while and they know what they’re doing. In this episode we discuss what they do when they’re ticked off, and how the massive, fascinating, and largely unknown Tomistoma is getting on in SE Asia. As always, we end on a new species, and this time it’s a fractious new species of something crocodile-like. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Brien, Matthew L., Jeffrey W. Lang, Grahame J. Webb, Colin Stevenson, and Keith A. Christian. 2013. “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Agonistic Behaviour in Juvenile Crocodilians.” PLoS ONE 8 (12). Stuebing, R., R. Sommerlad, and A. Staniewicz. 2015. “Conservation of the Sunda Gharial Tomistoma Schlegelii in Lake Mesangat, Indonesia.” International Zoo Yearbook 49 (1): 137–49. Species of the Bi-Week: Foffa, Davide, Mark T. Young, Stephen L. Brusatte, Mark R. Graham, and Lorna Steel. 2017. “A New Metriorhynchid Crocodylomorph from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic) of England, with Implications for the Origin and Diversification of Geosaurini.” Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: 1–21. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Brochu, Christopher A. 2001. “Crocodylian Snouts in Space and Time: Phylogenetic Approaches Toward Adaptive Radiation.” American Zoologist 41 (November): 564–85. Brown, Gregory, Richard Shine, Ruchira Somaweera, and Jonathan Webb. 2011. “Hatchling Australian Freshwater Crocodiles Rapidly Learn to Avoid Toxic Invasive Cane Toads.” Behaviour 148: 501–17. Courchamp, Franck, and Corey J A Bradshaw. 2017. “100 Articles Every Ecologist Should Read.” Nature Ecology & Evolution. Galdikas, B. M. 1985. "Crocodile predation on a proboscis monkey in Borneo." Primates, 26(4), 495-496. Letnic, Mike, Jonathan K. Webb, and Richard Shine. 2008. “Invasive Cane Toads (Bufo Marinus) Cause Mass Mortality of Freshwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus Johnstoni) in Tropical Australia.” Biological Conservation 141 (7): 1773–82. Milinkovitch, M. C., L. Manukyan, A. Debry, N. Di-Poi, S. Martin, D. Singh, D. Lambert, and M. Zwicker. 2013. “Crocodile Head Scales Are Not Developmental Units But Emerge from Physical Cracking.” Science 339 (6115): 78–81. Smith, James G., and Ben L. Phillips. 2006. “Toxic Tucker: The Potential Impact of Cane Toads on Australian Reptiles.” Pacific Conservation Biology 12 (1): 40–49. Yeager, C. P. 1991. "Possible antipredator behavior associated with river crossings by proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus)." American Journal of Primatology, 24(1), 61-66. Other Links/Mentions: Tomistoma captive breeding success https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDkpwV2vRyM Music – Treehouse by Ed Nelson

Following on from our interview with John McGrath, Australian geckos are our focus for episode 12. We talk about the influences on starred knob tail gecko habitat and why velvet geckos are important food for an elapid snake. Of course there is an Australian gecko for the Species of the Bi-Week. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com   Main Paper References: Driscoll, Don A., Catherine A. Whitehead, and Juliana Lazzari. 2012. “Spatial Dynamics of the Knob-Tailed Gecko Nephrurus Stellatus in a Fragmented Agricultural Landscape.” Landscape Ecology 27 (6): 829–41. Webb, Jonathan K., David A. Pike, and Richard Shine. 2008. “Population Ecology of the Velvet Gecko, Oedura Lesueurii in South Eastern Australia: Implications for the Persistence of an Endangered Snake.” Austral Ecology 33 (7): 839–47. Species of the Bi-Week: Hoskin, Conrad J., and Patrick Couper. 2013. “A Spectacular New Leaf-Tailed Gecko (Carphodactylidae: Saltuarius) from the Melville Range, North-East Australia.” Zootaxa 3717 (4): 543–58. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Blay, Nicola, and Isabelle M Côté. 2001. “Optimal Conditions for Breeding of Captive Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus Humboldti): A Survey of British Zoos.” Zoo Biology 20: 545–55. Brown, G. P., and Shine, R. 2007. "Like mother, like daughter: inheritance of nest-site location in snakes." Biology letters, 3(2): 131-133. Croak BM, Pike DA, Webb JK, Shine R, 2010. "Using artificial rocks to restore nonrenewable shelter sites in human-degraded systems: colonization by fauna." Rest Ecol 18:428–438. Gamble, T. 2010. "A review of sex determining mechanisms in geckos (Gekkota: Squamata)". Sexual Development, 4(1-2): 88-103. James, Alexander N., Kevin J. Gaston, and Andrew Balmford. 1999. “Balancing the Earth’s Accounts.” Nature 401 (6751): 323–24. Llewelyn, John, Ben L. Phillips, Greg P. Brown, Lin Schwarzkopf, Ross A. Alford, and Richard Shine. 2011. “Adaptation or Preadaptation: Why Are Keelback Snakes (Tropidonophis Mairii) Less Vulnerable to Invasive Cane Toads (Bufo Marinus) than Are Other Australian Snakes?” Evolutionary Ecology 25 (1): 13–24. Oliver, P. M., Bauer, A. M., Greenbaum, E., Jackman, T., and Hobbie, T. 2012. "Molecular phylogenetics of the arboreal Australian gecko genus Oedura Gray 1842 (Gekkota: Diplodactylidae): Another plesiomorphic grade?." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63(2): 255-264. Shine R., Webb J. K., Fitzgerald M. and Sumner J. 1998. "The impact of bush-rock removal on an endangered snake species, Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Serpentes: Elapidae)." Wildl. Res. 25: 285–95. Smith, A. L., Bull, C. M., and Driscoll, D. A. 2012. "Post-fire succession affects abundance and survival but not detectability in a knob-tailed gecko." Biological Conservation, 145(1): 139-147. Werner, Y. L., Frankenberg, E., Volokita, M., and Harari, R. 1993. "Longevity of geckos (Reptilia: Lacertilia: Gekkonoidea) in captivity: an analytical review incorporating new data." Israel Journal of Zoology, 39(2): 105-124. Music – Treehouse by Ed Nelson

In this QUICKIE episode of #ConservationCrossroads we learn about the catastrophic land clearing rates in Queensland, Australia. New data has been published revealing the annual land clearing rates for Queensland which have increased by 30% in the past year: http://bit.ly/2ygAeOM. The land clearing data report we are discussing in this episode can be found here: http://bit.ly/2yg1rB5 Dr April Reside works as a post-doctoral research fellow at the NESP Threatened Species Hub (http://bit.ly/2yi0VCH) at The University of Queensland (http://bit.ly/2yh0lVC). To learn more about April’s research find her here -> http://bit.ly/2ygUAaJ or find April’s recent paper about land clearing in Queensland here -> Reside et al, 2017, Ecological consequences of land clearing and policy reform in Queensland, Pacific Conservation Biology: http://bit.ly/2ygUOOQ. Another recent paper by A/Prof Jonathan Rhodes on the effectiveness of Queensland's vegetation management regulations can be found here -> Rhodes at al 2017, Assessing the effectiveness of regulation to protect threatened forests, Biological Conservation: http://bit.ly/2yfVbcy. Join the conversation on Twitter by tagging Carla @CarlaWildlife, Rachel @YumMusings or #ConservationCrossroads! Media article associated with the spike in land clearing and land clearing more broadly in Australia can be found here: The Conversation: http://bit.ly/2ygHbPT and http://bit.ly/2yh1MmY The Guardian: http://bit.ly/2yh6Nfw and http://bit.ly/2yg2j8P WWF news: http://bit.ly/2yfH5Im ABC news and World Today: http://ab.co/2yhOkzA and http://ab.co/2ygBP7a Green Fire Science blog: http://bit.ly/2ygfQx3 ALERT: http://bit.ly/2yhNWkF 4zzz radio: http://bit.ly/2yggH0J Rural weekly and The Chronical: http://bit.ly/2yhOdnH and http://bit.ly/2yhOB5D NGO’s you can get into contact with about land-clearing Qld Conservation Council: http://bit.ly/2yhOGpA WWF: http://bit.ly/2ygacLF Wilderness Society: http://bit.ly/2ygHOcl EDO: https://www.edoqld.org.au/ Music and Editing: GarageBand Cover Photo: Blake Alexander Simmons

Vipers are found in numerous corners of the globe, and in this episode we explore a little about how they’ve managed it. Starting with pit viper’s use of their heat sensing abilities, moving on to viper reactions to climatic shifts, and finishing up with how they are doing now. Naturally our Species of the Bi-week is a new viper, this time from Africa. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Martínez-Freiría, F, P.-A. Crochet, S. Fahd, P. Geniez, J.C. Brito, and G. Velo-Antón. 2017. “Integrative Phylogeographic and Ecological Analyses Reveal Multiple Pleistocene Refugia for Mediterranean Daboia Vipers in North-West Africa.” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 122 (2): 366–384. Maritz, Bryan, Johannes Penner, Marcio Martins, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Stephen Spear, Laura R.V. Alencar, Jesús Sigala-Rodriguez, et al. 2016. “Identifying Global Priorities for the Conservation of Vipers.” Biological Conservation 204: 94–102. Safer, Adam B., and Michael S. Grace. 2004. “Infrared Imaging in Vipers: Differential Responses of Crotaline and Viperine Snakes to Paired Thermal Targets.” Behavioural Brain Research 154 (1): 55–61. Species of the Bi-Week: Gower, David J., Edward O.Z. Wade, Stephen Spawls, Wolfgang Böhme, Evan R. Buechley, Daniel Sykes, and Timothy J. Colston. 2016. “A New Large Species of Bitis Gray, 1842 (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia.” Zootaxa 4093 (1): 41–63. Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Alencar, Laura R.V., Tiago B. Quental, Felipe G. Grazziotin, Michael L. Alfaro, Marcio Martins, Mericien Venzon, and Hussam Zaher. 2016. “Diversification in Vipers: Phylogenetic Relationships, Time of Divergence and Shifts in Speciation Rates.” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 105: 50–62. Böhm, Monika, Ben Collen, Jonathan E M Baillie, Philip Bowles, Janice Chanson, Neil Cox, Geoffrey Hammerson, et al. 2013. “The Conservation Status of the World’s Reptiles.” Biological Conservation 157: 372–85. Breidenbach, Carla Harvey. 1990. “Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Thermal Cues Influence Strikes in Pitless Vipers.” Journal of Herpetology 24 (4): 448–50. Gracheva, E.O., Ingolia, N.T., Kelly, Y.M., Cordero-Morales, J.F., Hollopeter, G., Chesler, A.T., Sánchez, E.E., Perez, J.C., Weissman, J.S. and Julius, D., 2010. “Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes.” Nature, 464 (7291): 1006. Krochmal, A.R. and Bakken, G.S., 2003. “Thermoregulation is the pits: use of thermal radiation for retreat site selection by rattlesnakes.” Journal of Experimental Biology, 206(15): 2539-2545. OPEN ACCESS Lourdais, O., Shine, R., Bonnet, X., Guillon, M. and Naulleau, G., 2004. “Climate affects embryonic development in a viviparous snake, Vipera aspis.” Oikos, 104 (3): 551-560. Madsen, Thomas, Bo Stille, and Richard Shine. 1996. “Inbreeding Depression in an Isolated Population of Adders Vipera Berus.” Biological Conservation 75: 113–18. Madsen, Thomas, Beata Ujvari, and Mats Olsson. 2004. “Novel Genes Continue to Enhance Population Growth in Adders (Vipera Berus).” Biological Conservation 120 (1): 145–47. Madsen, Thomas, and Beata Ujvari. 2011. “The Potential Demise of a Population of Adders (Vipera Berus) in Smygehuk, Sweden.” Herpetological Conservation and Biology 6 (1): 72–74. OPEN ACCESS Paulo, O. S., J. Pinheiro, A. Miraldo, M. W. Bruford, W. C. Jordan, and R. A. Nichols. 2008. “The Role of Vicariance vs. Dispersal in Shaping Genetic Patterns in Ocellated Lizard Species in the Western Mediterranean.” Molecular Ecology 17 (6): 1535–51. Van Dyke, J.U. and Grace, M.S., 2010. “The role of thermal contrast in infrared-based defensive targeting by the copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix.” Animal Behaviour, 79 (5): 993-999. Williams, David, Wolfgang Wüster, and Bryan Grieg Fry. 2006. “The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Australian Snake Taxonomists and a History of the Taxonomy of Australia’s Venomous Snakes.” Toxicon 48 (7): 919–30. Music – Treehouse by Ed Nelson

Episode Notes:I think the title speaks for itself...Questions that came up in the episode:Flying Squirrels More Populous than Reds and Grays?During this episode, Bill mentioned a statistic he’d heard, claiming that Flying Squirrels outnumbered Red and Gray Squirrels in the Northeast. After recording episode 3, Bill tried to track down any credible sources, but he found not a single reference to this claim on any website, blog, or scientific paper. Unless someone out there has a reliable source to back up this statistic, we’ll have to conclude that Bill just made this up.**UPDATE - BILL WAS RIGHT! At least in Ohio, that is. A big thank you to Randy from Bowling Green who sent us a link to Ohio's Department of Natural Resources and their page on the Southern Flying Squirrel. It states, "The flying squirrel is the most common squirrel in Ohio. Because they are nocturnal and seldom seen, most people don't recognize that they live with flying squirrels." While we wish that this info was linked to the research, we're going to trust that Ohio's DNR know what they're talking about because Bill's ego is fragile and he really wants to to be right. http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/mammals/southern-flying-squirrel Mistakes:I'm sure we will find out.Work Cited: Barboza, Perry S., Sean D. Farley, and Charles T. Robbins. "Whole-body urea cycling and protein turnover during hyperphagia and dormancy in growing bears (Ursus americanus and U. arctos)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75.12 (1997): 2129-2136.Breukelen, Frank van, and Sandra L. Martin. "The hibernation continuum: physiological and molecular aspects of metabolic plasticity in mammals."Physiology 30.4 (2015): 273-281.Burt, William Henry. A field guide to the mammals: North America north of Mexico. Vol. 5. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1980.Daan, Serge, Brain M. Barnes, and Arjen M. Strijkstra. "Warming up for sleep?—ground squirrels sleep during arousals from hibernation." Neuroscience letters 128.2 (1991): 265-268.Ditmer, Mark A., Thomas E. Burk, and David L. Garshelis. "Do innate food preferences and learning affect crop raiding by American black bears?." Ursus 26.1 (2015): 40-52.Donahue, Seth W., et al. "Serum markers of bone metabolism show bone loss in hibernating bears." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 408 (2003): 295-301.Donahue, Seth W., et al. "Parathyroid hormone may maintain bone formation in hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus) to prevent disuse osteoporosis." Journal of Experimental Biology 209.9 (2006): 1630-1638.Fuster, Gemma, et al. "Antiproteolytic effects of plasma from hibernating bears: a new approach for muscle wasting therapy?." Clinical Nutrition 26.5 (2007): 658-661.Goodrich, John M., and Joel Berger. "Winter recreation and hibernating black bears Ursus americanus." Biological Conservation 67.2 (1994): 105-110.Heldmaier, Gerhard. "Life on low flame in hibernation." Science 331.6019 (2011): 866-867.Herrero, Stephen. "Aspects of evolution and adaptation in American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas) and brown and grizzly bears (U. arctos Linne.) of North America." Bears: Their biology and management (1972): 221-231.Jani, Alkesh, et al. "Renal adaptation during hibernation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 305.11 (2013): F1521-F1532.Laske, Timothy G., David L. Garshelis, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Monitoring the wild black bear's reaction to human and environmental stressors." BMC Physiology11.1 (2011): 13.McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E., et al. "Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (Ursus americanus) prevent trabecular bone loss during disuse (hibernation)." Bone 45.6 (2009): 1186-1191.McGee-Lawrence, Meghan, et al. "Suppressed bone remodeling in black bears conserves energy and bone mass during hibernation." The Journal of Experimental Biology 218.13 (2015): 2067-2074.Spector, David A., et al. "The urothelium of a hibernator: the American black bear." Physiological Reports 3.6 (2015): e12429.Tøien, Øivind, et al. "Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature." Science 331.6019 (2011): 906-909.Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Czaplewski. Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2013.

Hi I’m Lauren and your listening to “Where did the Dingo Go?” We often think of Australia as a land hopping with kangaroos, wallabies, bilbies and other fuzzy critters. What most people don’t realize is that, despite this apparent diversity, in the last 2 centuries Australia has seen 19 of its unique mammal species become extinct (Johnson 2006) –that’s about half of all mammal extinctions worldwide in that period (Johnson et al. 2007). And Australia's mammals are still in great danger because of the slow demise of the wily dingo. About 4000 years ago man brought the dingo to Australia. Since then, the dingo has gone from ancient companion to top predator(Ritchie & Johnson 2009).While you might think the Dingo is a pesky carnivore that eats livestock, gobbles up native animals and is generally the equivalent of the big bad wolf, the truth is that the dusty colored dingo is anything but bad. Since becoming top dog, dingoes have lived in relative harmony with the many small, rare Australian marsupials-you know, those cute mammals with pouches. This is mainly because dingoes are sparsely distributed and, because of a large body size, are specialized to hunt larger prey (Ritchie & Johnson 2009). To a dingo, a wallaby just doesn’t have enough meat on it to be as appetizing as a kangaroo. The same, however, cannot be said for the invasive red fox. When Europeans introduced the red fox in 1855 for some recreational sporting (Dprt. of the Enviro. and Heritage (Australia) 2004) they could not have suspected that foxes would soon become the plague of Australia’s small mammals. In fact, foxes have been blamed for the extinction of many of Australia’s species. (Short 1998) (Johnson & VanDerWal 2009) (Johnson 2006)(Glen & Dickman 2005). The fox is a prey generalist, meaning he is not picky about what he eat. Rabbits, wallabies, birds—it all goes down the hatch. Foxes, because of their smaller size have more babies than dingos, more often (Dprt. of the Enviro. and Heritage (Australia) 2004) (Corbett 2004) and don’t need as much space per individual, so they can exist at high densities. Combine these three things—an undiscriminating appetite, lots of babies and the ability to pack many individuals into a small area-- and you can see how the fox is having a terribly negative effect on vulnerable ground dwelling marsupials (Ritchie & Johnson 2009). Interestingly however, where dingoes exist, threatened marsupials are able to survive predation by foxes (Johnson et al. 2007) (Johnson & VanDerWal 2009). In fact, knowing where dingoes exist can be one of the best predictors of how well vulnerable species are doing (Wallach et al 2009) (Johnson et al. 2007). Turns out that the dingo is nowhere near the bad guy in this story. If anything he is the opposite, the good guy—protector of marsupials. Why? Well, it turns out that dingoes play a very important role in culling fox populations. Dingoes actively attack foxes and, as a result of this persecution, foxes make a great efforts to avoid dingoes and dingo territory (Ritchie and Johnson 2009) Thus dingoes create a safety zone for the local small animal population(Ritchie & Johnson 2009) (Johnson and VanDerWal 2009). Food webs are complicated and its important for us to understand that a top predator doesn’t effect only its prey but also impacts other predators and smaller animals that the apex carnivore doesn’t even directly associate with. In Australia, it is truly a dog-eat dog world—or in this case a dog-eat-fox. Besides preserving Australia’s biodiversity, controlling the fox population also has significant economic impacts. The sheep industry in Australia produced 1/5 of the world’s wool in 2010. Yet, in some areas, foxes may kill up to 1/3 of lambs (Saunders 1995). And of course there is also the loss in ecotourism as more and more unique Australian species end up in the stomachs of foxes( Saunders 1995). The dingo is as iconic to Australia as the wallaby, or the wombat and yet, despite the necessary role it play as protector of other iconic Australian mammals, the dingo is too often treated as a pest. Dingos are subjected to poisoning or otherwise exterminated and kept at low population levels (Johnson et all 2007) (Wallach et al. 2009). All of which hurts the dingo and those animals preyed upon by foxes. The dingo is a powerful tool in the saving of Australia’s fuzzy marsupials (Ritchie & Johnson 2009). But, dingoes are disappearing, and if they do, Australia will loose much more than just some wild dogs. Thanks for listening Cited Sources Corbett, Laurie. 2004. Dingo. Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Glen, Alistair S. and Dickman, Chris R. 2005. Complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in Australia, and their implications for wildlife management. Biological Review, 80: 387–401. “Invasive species fact sheet: European red fox (Vulpes vulpes)”. Department of the Environment and Heritage (Australia). 2004. Johnson, Chris N. 2006. Australia’s Mammal Extinctions: A 50 000 Year History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Johnson, Chris N., and VanDerWal, Jeremy. 2009. Evidence that dingoes limit abundance of a mesopredator in eastern Australian forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 641–646. Johnson, Chris N., Isaac, J.L. and Fisher, D.O. 2007. Rarity of a top predator triggers continent-wide collapse of mammal prey: dingoes and marsupials in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274: 341–346. Ritchie, E. G. and Johnson, C. N. 2009. Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation. Ecology Letters, 12: 982–998. Saunders, Glen 1995. Managing Vertebrate Pests: Foxes. Canberra: A.G.P.S. Short, Jeff. 1998. The extinction of rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia:Potoroidae) in New South Wales, Australia. Biological Conservation 86.3: 365-377. Wallach, Arian D., Murray, Brad R., O’Neill, Adam J. 2009. Can threatened species survive where the top predator is absent?. Biological Conservation, 142: 43-52. Photo: Creative Commons: Henry Whitehead

IUCN program officer Emma Brooks discusses illegal wildlife trade in Vietnam and her research on how commercial farming of a traded species, like porcupines, affects both the species and the trade. She tells “The WildLife” host Laurel Neme how most animals in Vietnam's wildlife trade end up on the plates of wealthy restaurant patrons. In Vietnam and elsewhere, commercial wildlife farming, meaning the breeding of wild species for legal sale, is often promoted to supply demand while preventing overhunting in the wild. However, in a study on the conservation impact of commercial wildlife farming of porcupines in Vietnam published in August 2010 in Biological Conservation, IUCN program officer Emma Brooks concluded that commercial porcupine farming is instead having the opposite effect. Emma Brooks has been involved with numerous conservation projects around the world, from biodiversity surveys in Mozambique to Giant River Otter counts in Bolivia. She first became interested in wildlife trade issues during her MSc at the University of East Anglia, UK. Her research in the trade in porcupines formed her dissertation topic, for which she spent three months collecting data and interviewing locals in northern Viet Nam. Emma now works for the IUCN, as part of the Global Species Programme based in Cambridge, UK. Her work includes assessing the extinction risk of species from around the world for inclusion on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, as well as using the information gathered to analyze species richness, major species and habitat threats, and important areas for biodiversity. The importance of species, ecosystems and services to human livelihoods and wellbeing is increasingly being recognized, and she works in a number of areas to provide the information to support decisions for the protection of species and livelihoods. This episode of “The WildLife” was posted on August 15, 2011. The WildLife is a show that explores the mysteries of the animal world through interviews with scientists, authors and other wildlife investigators. It airs every Monday from 1-2 pm EST on The Radiator, WOMM-LP, 105.9 FM in Burlington, Vermont.