256th Pope of the Catholic Church
POPULARITY
JD Vance calls Catholic Social Teaching (CST) a "fully integrated theory of a good human life" — and he's not wrong that it sounds good. So how's he going to weaponize it? Matthew traces why CST's moral critique of capitalism, innovated by Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum (1891), is tailor-made for Vance's political project. CST may be sincere about human dignity, but it actively suppresses structural analysis, while opening two dangerous doors of moralism: scapegoating powerful enemies above, and blaming the poor for their own immiseration below. Show Notes Rerum Novarum, Leo XIII (1891) Humanum Genus, Leo XIII (1884) Purusha Sukta, Rigveda 10.90 B.R. Ambedkar, Annihilation of Caste (1936) JD Vance, Communion: Finding My Way Back to Faith David Kertzer, The Popes Against the Jews Canadian Food for Children Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
As promised, here is our episode about Pope Leo XIV's recent encyclical, Magnifica humanitas, in which he brings to bear Catholic social teaching on the perils of artificial intelligence and what they reveal about what it really means to be human being. It's a distinctly Augustinian reading of our nature and destiny, marked not just by Leo's attention to our limits as flawed and fallible creatures, but the joy and hope found by living into them—which, finally, becomes his plea to see life from the perspective of the lowly, the downcast, the abandoned. To help us explain such a rich document, we had on our friend Jack Hanson, one of the most perceptive American writers on the Catholic Church. We tease out the connections between this Leo's first and encyclical and that of his namesake Leo XIII's Rerum novarum, an intervention on behalf of working people during the industrial and considered the origin of Catholic social teaching; Leo's "Augustinianism"; the encyclical's critique of artificial intelligence and what that has to do with its account of what really makes us human; and more. Sources: Pope Leo XIV, Magnifica humanitas, May 15, 2026 Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum, May 15, 1891 Jack Hanson, "A Serious Man: The Militant Mysticism of Charles Péguy," Commonweal, May 3, 2021 – “The Heresy of Americanism,” The Drift, Jun 10, 2025. Michael Oakeshott, "The Tower of Babel" in On History and Other Essays (1983) Reinhold Niebuhr, "The Tower of Babel" in Beyond Tragedy: Essays on the Christian Interpretation of History (1937) Donna Haraway, “A Cyborg Manifesto,” (1985) ...and don't forget to subscribe to Know Your Enemy on Patreon for access to all of our bonus episodes!
Want to reach out to us? Want to leave a comment or review? Want to give us a suggestion or berate Anthony? Send us a text by clicking this link!You've probably heard the Saint Michael Prayer. The part most people miss is that its origin story is bound up with a Pope who believed the Church was facing more than bad politics, and he answered with something sharper than commentary: Immortali Dei, Pope Leo XIII's encyclical on how a nation should be ordered, what authority is, and why the state cannot pretend God is irrelevant without slowly hollowing itself out.We walk through Leo's core framework: two real powers established by God, the spiritual authority of the Church and the temporal authority of the state. That distinction is not a call for theocracy, but it is a direct challenge to the modern “religiously neutral” state. From natural law to public education to marriage, Leo argues that law and culture always point somewhere, and when they stop pointing toward truth, they don't become neutral, they drift toward chaos. Along the way we dig into the thesis hypothesis approach, the idea that there's an ideal political order, and there are also prudent concessions Catholics may accept when the ideal is impossible without greater harm.That sets up the tension a lot of Catholics still feel today: Immortali Dei's “error has no rights” versus Vatican II's Dignitatis Humanae and the modern language of religious liberty. We lay out why this debate keeps splitting the Catholic world, and we test it against real life examples, including a clip of JD Vance explaining how he weighs papal criticism against his duties in civil office. If you've ever felt like you didn't have the words to explain what went wrong in the modern West, Leo XIII gives you a vocabulary worth recovering.Subscribe for the next installment as we move toward Rerum Novarum, and if this helped you, share it with a friend and leave a review so more people can find the series.Support the showGet 10% off an amazing Black Monk Rosary by going to https://www.blackmonkrosaries.com/?ref=AVOIDINGBABYLON and using code AVOIDINGBABYLON at checkout!Check out our sponsor, Nic Nac, at www.nicnac.com and use code "AB25%" for 25% off of your first order!Please subscribe! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKsxnv80ByFV4OGvt_kImjQ?sub_confirmation=1https://www.avoidingbabylon.comMerchandise: https://avoiding-babylon-shop.fourthwall.comLocals Community: https://avoidingbabylon.locals.comFull Premium/Locals Shows on Audio Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1987412/subscribeRSS Feed for Podcast Apps: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1987412.rss
Want to reach out to us? Want to leave a comment or review? Want to give us a suggestion or berate Anthony? Send us a text by clicking this link!For 146 years, pope after pope warns Catholics about a secret society and almost nobody listens. So Leo XIII does something different: he frames the whole problem as a war between two cities, the City of God and the City of Man, and then names the modern structure he thinks finally gives the “city of man” real organization. That document is Humanum Genus, and we dig into what Leo actually argues, why he goes theological instead of just issuing another ban, and how his critique of naturalism and religious indifferentism maps onto the modern secular state.We also slow down and do the unglamorous work: what is real history in Freemasonry's development from medieval guilds to Enlightenment-era speculative lodges, and what is just romantic myth. We talk higher-degree esoteric influences, why the “all religions are equal” claim is not neutral, and why Leo ties these ideas to education, public life, and the replacement of Christian civilization with a functionally atheist public order.Joshua Charles joins us to connect Humanum Genus to Monsignor George Dillon's The War of Antichrist with the Church and Christian Civilization, a book Leo XIII endorsed and helped circulate. We unpack Charles's “sola natura” summary, the Catholic claim that grace perfects nature, and why a society trained to violate conscience becomes easier to steer. Then, because we're us, the conversation spills into current events, media narratives, and a late-show pivot through the Carmelo Anthony verdict and JD Vance explaining his conversion to Catholicism.Subscribe for the rest of the encyclical series, share this with a friend who thinks “religion is private,” and leave a review if you want more deep dives like this. Where do you see the City of Man pressing hardest right now?Support the showGet 10% off an amazing Black Monk Rosary by going to https://www.blackmonkrosaries.com/?ref=AVOIDINGBABYLON and using code AVOIDINGBABYLON at checkout!Check out our sponsor, Nic Nac, at www.nicnac.com and use code "AB25%" for 25% off of your first order!Please subscribe! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKsxnv80ByFV4OGvt_kImjQ?sub_confirmation=1https://www.avoidingbabylon.comMerchandise: https://avoiding-babylon-shop.fourthwall.comLocals Community: https://avoidingbabylon.locals.comFull Premium/Locals Shows on Audio Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1987412/subscribeRSS Feed for Podcast Apps: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1987412.rss
Leo the XIV wrote a big letter about a hyperobject. Many thoughts and debates are triggered. Today we'll look at what the hell an encyclical is, the Vatican's decade-long conversation with Silicon Valley about coding morally-sound AI, and the broken and laundered echoes of Liberation Theology in Leo's text. Show Notes Rerum Novarum, Leo XIII, May 15 1891 Catholic Church largest non-governmental landowner Magnifica Humanitas full text Paragraph 177: memory of past complicity in slavery Thiel's Antichrist Framing Collides with Church Doctrine Why Silicon Valley is Turning to The Catholic Church Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation (1971/1973) Medellín Conference 1968, CELAM documents Camilo Torres Restrepo, ELN Colombia Ratzinger CDF investigation of Gutiérrez, 1984 James Martin SJ, "A capitalist priest reads Magnifica Humanitas," America Magazine Word on Fire publishing Magnifica Humanitas in hardcopy Brief: US v. Liberation Theology (Part 1) — November 1, 2025 Bonus: US v. Liberation Theology (Part 2) — November 3, 2025 Conspirituality Episode on Leo XIV vs Trump (Leo's immigration remarks through Good Friday) — April 2026 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Want to reach out to us? Want to leave a comment or review? Want to give us a suggestion or berate Anthony? Send us a text by clicking this link!Europe is declaring the Catholic faith “obsolete,” the Papal States are gone, and the Pope is effectively boxed into Rome. That's the moment Leo XIII steps into, and instead of answering with another list of condemnations, he reaches back to a 13th-century friar and bets the future on Catholic intellectual formation. We walk through the history behind Aeterni Patris and why Leo thinks the real crisis of the modern world is a crisis of philosophy that spills out of universities into law, media, family life, and public morality.We break down the four big currents shaping that era and, honestly, still shaping ours: Kantian subjectivism, Hegelian historicism, positivism, and materialism. Each one chips away at the idea that truth is knowable and stable, and we talk about what happens when seminaries and Catholic education absorb those habits instead of resisting them. From Perugia's Thomist experiment to Leo's push for the Leonine edition and a worldwide revival of Thomism, you'll hear why St. Thomas Aquinas becomes the Church's chosen model for thinking clearly about God, the human person, liberty, authority, and the moral order.Then we make the jump to today: AI, advertising, “slop” content, and the uncomfortable question of what happens when powerful technology grows faster than moral reasoning. If you've been looking for a Catholic take on modern philosophy, Thomism, and AI ethics, this conversation is built for you. Subscribe, share this with a friend who loves big ideas, and leave a review with the one modern assumption you think needs to be challenged first.Support the showGet 10% off an amazing Black Monk Rosary by going to https://www.blackmonkrosaries.com/?ref=AVOIDINGBABYLON and using code AVOIDINGBABYLON at checkout!Check out our sponsor, Nic Nac, at www.nicnac.com and use code "AB25%" for 25% off of your first order!Please subscribe! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKsxnv80ByFV4OGvt_kImjQ?sub_confirmation=1https://www.avoidingbabylon.comMerchandise: https://avoiding-babylon-shop.fourthwall.comLocals Community: https://avoidingbabylon.locals.comFull Premium/Locals Shows on Audio Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1987412/subscribeRSS Feed for Podcast Apps: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1987412.rss
In his very first encyclical, Pope Leo XIV tackles artificial intelligence and the massive technological shift happening right now — comparing it directly to the upheaval of the Industrial Revolution 135 years ago when Leo XIII wrote Rerum Novarum. We walk through the heart of the letter: how AI risks turning human dignity into a “social score” based on productivity, the dangers of transhumanism and posthumanism, and why the Pope says our limitations, struggles, and relationships are actually the most beautiful and important parts of being human. You'll hear about the Tower of Babel versus the rebuilding of Jerusalem, why AI can never replace real friendship or creativity, the need for real limits and oversight on this technology, and what Catholic social teaching has to say about building a civilization of love in the digital age. What do you think — is AI just a powerful tool, or is it quietly reshaping who we are? Drop your thoughts in the comments! Featuring: Fr. Simon Esshaki, Abbot Ankido Sipo, Fr. Fadi Auro, Fr. Christopher Somo –––
Pope Leo XIV released his first encyclical today — Magnifica Humanitas — addressing the dignity of the human person in the age of artificial intelligence, transhumanism, and rapid technological change. In this short update episode, Greg reflects on the long anticipation for this document (echoing Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum), shares what we've already covered on the podcast and in our adult education academy, and explains why he's choosing to read, mark up, and prayerfully reflect on the full 42,000-word text before offering in-depth thoughts in a couple of weeks. He also gives important show updates: switching to interactive Zoom webinars for supporters, plans to resume regular Patreon content, and a sneak peek at the upcoming new podcast The History of Christendom. If you want to join the live webinars walking through the encyclical together, become a Patreon or PayPal supporter today — links below. Thanks for your patience and support during a busy season! SUPPORT THIS SHOW Considering Catholicism is 100% listener-supported. If this podcast has helped you on your journey, please become a patron today! For as little as $5/month you get: • Every regular episode ad-free and organized into topical playlists • Exclusive bonus content (extra Q&As, Deep-Dive courses, live streams, and more) • My deepest gratitude and a growing community of like-minded listeners ➡️ Join now: https://patreon.com/consideringcatholicism (or tap the Patreon link in your podcast app) One-time gift: Donate with PayPal! CONNECT WITH US • Website & contact form: https://consideringcatholicism.com • Email: consideringcatholicism@gmail.com • Leave a comment on Patreon (I read every one!) RATE & REVIEW If you enjoy the show, please leave a rating (and even better, a review) on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen — it really helps new listeners find us. SHARE THE SHOW Know someone who's curious about Catholicism? Send them a link or share an episode on social media. Thank you! Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus imperat.
Pope Leo XIV is preparing an encyclical on artificial intelligence — the first document of its kind from any global institution older than the machine. He took the name Leo specifically to echo Leo XIII, who wrote Rerum Novarum in 1891. That was the Church's response to industrial capitalism. This is the response to whatever comes next.The Vatican has more cultural authority on labor ethics than any government because it survived industrial capitalism, late capitalism, and communism. CEOs who ignore UN reports read papal statements. Tech executives are already requesting audiences. 1.4 billion Catholics doesn't move legislation. It moves boards.Rerum Novarum named the working class as worth protecting forty years before any law caught up. The moral framework arrives first. The legislation follows.The Church operates 130,000 schools, 5,000 hospitals, and the longest continuous dataset on human formation in existence. When the Vatican draws a line, billions of consciences move with it. That isn't enforcement. That's formation. A different lever entirely.Lawyers measure what's permitted. The Pope is measuring what we'll become.1891 was the last time an institution older than the machine got the first word on what the machine did to people. The encyclical won't pass Congress. It'll pass through pulpits, classrooms, hospitals, and dinner tables. That's the only regulatory mechanism humans ever built that survives changes in government, technology, and language. Statutes get rewritten. Traditions get inherited.⏱️ Chapters0:00 — Why Leo XIV took the name of the 1891 social-question Pope0:25 — MiniDoge: encyclicals don't move legislation, they move boards0:55 — Saarvis: Rerum Novarum 1891 — moral framework arrives 40 years before the law1:20 — Nyx: 130K schools, 5K hospitals — formation, not enforcement1:50 — HH: the state asks what's legal, the Pope asks what we'll become2:05 — Saarvis: statutes get rewritten, traditions get inherited⚡ Learn agentic ai free - https://staas.fund/ai-workshop ⚡-----
Friends of the Rosary,Today, May 1, Friday of the Fourth Week of Easter, the Church celebrates the feast of St. Joseph the Worker.St. Joseph educated Jesus and patiently schooled him in carpentry. By the daily labor, offered to God with patience and joy, St. Joseph provided for the necessities of his holy spouse and of the Incarnate Son of God, and thus became an example to all laborers.“Work was the daily expression of love in the life of the Family of Nazareth,” explained Saint John Paul II.The feast of St. Joseph the Worker was established by Pope Pius XII in 1955 to Christianize the concept of labor and to give all workmen a model and protector. Pope Pius XII expressed the hope that this feast would accentuate the dignity of labor and would bring a spiritual dimension to labor unions. "Workmen and all those laboring in conditions of poverty will have reasons to rejoice rather than grieve, since they have in common with the Holy Family daily preoccupations and cares," said Leo XIII.Alleluia! Christ is Risen!Ave Maria!Come, Holy Spirit, come!To Jesus through Mary!Here I am, Lord; I come to do your will.Please give us the grace to respond with joy!+ Mikel Amigot w/ María Blanca | RosaryNetwork.com, New YorkEnhance your faith with the new Holy Rosary University app:Apple iOS | New! Android Google Play• May 1, 2026, Today's Rosary on YouTube | Daily broadcast at 7:30 pm ET
Scott Roniger on March 18, 2026 at Ruth Lake Country Club. In this lecture, Prof. Scott Roniger outlines the historical context that instigated the development of modern Catholic social doctrine during the pontificate of Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903). He discusses some of Leo's most important contributions to Magisterial teaching on social issues, contributions that illuminate perennial principles that transcend the circumstances prompting their articulation. He focuses on Leo's presentation of the dignity of society in all its complementary forms – a social dignity based upon the truth of the human person, created in the image and likeness of God and redeemed by Jesus Christ. Finally, he briefly shows how these principles have already been put to good use in the nascent pontificate of Pope Leo XIV.
This interview with Prof. Thomas Pink, originally published in 2020, is being republished as part of Thomas Mirus's ongoing series covering the major encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII. Vatican II's Declaration on Religious Freedom, Dignitatis Humanae, begins by noting that its discussion of religious liberty "has to do with immunity from coercion in civil society" and so "leaves untouched traditional Catholic doctrine on the moral duty of men and societies toward the true religion and toward the one Church of Christ." This episode is about discovering what that traditional doctrine was and is. Our main source will be Pope Leo XIII's encyclical Immortale Dei, which is available in audiobook form on CatholicCulture.org. Thomas Pink guides us through a close reading of this document (with supplementary material from Libertas and Longuinqua). Here, and in the magisterium of other 19th-century Popes, we find a number of teachings on Church and State that have gone largely unmentioned since the Council, and which are sadly forgotten or even rejected by the majority of self-described conservative Catholics. Links Thomas Mirus's article summarizing the encyclical https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/leo-xiii-on-states-duties-toward-church/ Audiobook of Immortale Dei https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/pope-leo-xiii-immortale-dei-on-christian-constitution-states/ Text of Immortale Dei (On the Christian Constitution of States) https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=4916 Thomas Pink, "Conscience and Coercion" https://www.firstthings.com/article/2012/08/conscience-and-coercion Timestamps [00:00] Introduction [4:59] The historical and theological context of Immortale Dei [9:42] An overview of points from Immortale Dei and Libertas [12:28] The source and nature of authority; its directive and coercive functions [20:30] The State's duty to profess, protect and foster the one true religion [25:56] Reasons for toleration of other religions; coercion of the baptized [36:05] Leo's analogy of Church and State with soul and body [45:26] Separate sovereignties of Church and State interact; State can act as the "secular arm" [51:31] Obligations twd. religion of the State properly speaking, not just rulers as individuals [55:03] Consequences of the State neglecting God and religion [1:02:40] Dignitatis Humanae: drafting, intended scope, legacy, compatibility with tradition [1:10:30] Papal condemnations of freedom of speech and opinion [1:31:10] The Church's move away from coercing baptized heretics [1:36:13] The importance of docility in accepting difficult teachings [1:41:29] Need for a synthesis of the whole magisterium on Church, State and religious liberty DONATE to make this show possible! http://catholicculture.org/donate/audio SIGN UP for Catholic Culture's newsletter: https://www.catholicculture.org/newsletters
Bishop Tony Percy says Divine Mercy Sunday draws on Acts 2 to describe the four pillars of early Christian community life: faithful teaching, fellowship, Eucharist, and prayer. It traces the Church's social teaching from Leo XIII's *Rerum Novarum* (1891) through John Paul II's *Centesimus Annus* (1991)
Cracks in pomo presents our Friday night meeting at the CW on Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum, the Mondragon workers' co-op, and how subsidiarity can help us transcend political polarization.
Cracks in pomo presents our Friday night meeting at the CW on Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum, the Mondragon workers' co-op, and how subsidiarity can help us transcend political polarization.
SSPX Bishop Fellay justifies consecrations: never says "modernism,," does not judge "failing" authority. Viganò, Strickland, others remark. SSPX begs co-existence with Modernism? The very idea of the Catholic papacy is in question. "Church unity is worth a Latin Mass?" Modernists poison Church; solution is more Modernism. Similar: government control poisons society; solution is more government control: socialism! Pope Leo XIII condemns socialism. The truth and power of the traditional Catholic Faith! This episode was recorded on 2/10/2026. Our Links: http://linkwcb.com/ Please consider making a monetary donation to What Catholics Believe. Father Jenkins remembers all of our benefactors in general during his daily Mass, and he also offers one Mass on the first Sunday of every month specially for all supporters of What Catholics Believe. May God bless you for your generosity! https://www.wcbohio.com/donate Subscribe to our other YouTube channels: @WCBHighlights @WCBHolyMassLivestream May God bless you all!
Thomas Mirus discusses Leo XIII's 1880 encyclical Arcanum, on Christian marriage. This was "the first formal and synoptic teaching on marriage since the Council of Trent" – a gap of four centuries. Arcanum is focused on what the Church has done to uplift and protect marriage throughout history. Leo argues at length that the state has no right to usurp the Church's governance of marriage. LINKS Thomas's article on Arcanum https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/leo-xiii-on-what-marriage-owes-to-church/ Pope Leo XIII, Arcanum https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_10021880_arcanum.html Audiobook of Pius XI's Casti Connubii https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/pope-pius-xi-casti-connubii-on-christian-marriage-full/ DONATE to make this show possible! http://catholicculture.org/donate/audio SIGN UP for Catholic Culture's newsletter: https://www.catholicculture.org/newsletters
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Het jaar eindigt, de winterkou slaat toe. Alle reden voor de jaarlijkse Winterboekenspecial! Jaap Jansen en PG Kroeger nemen je mee naar het jaar 750 in Aken en Bagdad, naar Londen in 1940, het jacht van Onassis in 1958, het Wenen van 1740, Nederland in het Europa van 1920, Oberstdorf in Beieren in 1933 en decennia van dissonanten in het Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. *** Deze aflevering is mede mogelijk gemaakt met donaties van luisteraars die we hiervoor hartelijk danken. Word ook vriend van de show! Heb je belangstelling om in onze podcast te adverteren of ons te sponsoren? Zend ons een mailtje en wij zoeken contact. *** Eerste boek: 'Hoe de wereld veranderde rond het jaar 750' van Herman Kaptein (Walburg Pers, 293 p.) Een fascinerende vergelijkende historie van mondiale veranderingen in economie, cultuur, governance en technologie in de periode die wij in Europa 'de Karolingische renaissance' noemen. Maar de schrijver ziet analoge ontwikkelingen elders in de wereld, van het Midden-Oosten tot India, de Zijderoute en China. Cruciaal was het opbloeien van een schriftcultuur die grote invloed uitoefende op de wijze waarop de heersers van de toen opkomende imperia konden regeren. Wetgeving, documentatie van besluiten en regels, communicatie, rechtspraak en sociale en religieuze ordening werden rationele gemaakt door deze vast te leggen in formele geschriften. Het feit dat met de katholieke kerk en de Islam grote, gemeenschappelijke normenstelsels over de nieuwe imperia werden gespreid versterkte deze ontwikkeling nadrukkelijk. Karel de Grote beschikte door zijn steun aan de kloosterordes over een grote groep geletterde, multinationale adviseurs en bewindslieden die bovendien in heel zijn rijk in dezelfde taal met elkaar konden communiceren en discussiëren: het Latijn. In Bagdad gebeurde hetzelfde, maar vanuit de gemeenschappelijkheid van de Islam en de rol van de wetenschappers die daar bijeen kwamen uit heel de Levant, maar in het bijzonder ook vanuit Perzïë en India. Door hen werden wiskunde en astronomie op het hoogste niveau beoefend. Onze 'Arabische getallen' hebben via Bagdad hun oorsprong in het India van die jaren. Tweede boek: 'When Lions Roar' van Thomas Maier (Crown, 784 p.) Ook dit boek gaat over dynastieën op meerdere continenten. De families Churchill en Kennedy konden nauwelijks meer van elkaar verschillen in achtergrond, politieke opvattingen en familiegeschiedenis, maar werden als magneten tot elkaar aangetrokken. Conflicten, politieke heibel, spionage, zakelijke deals, vriendschappen en liefdesaffaires vullen dit boek over die 'brullende leeuwen'. En als derde hoofdpersoon op de achtergrond speelt president Franklin D. Roosevelt een cruciale rol. Verrassende figuren komen in het boek naar voren, zoals Pamela Digby die van geliefde schoondochter van Churchill uiteindelijk via allerlei affaires en huwelijken een van de invloedrijkste politieke fundraisers werd voor de Democraten in Amerika. Haar 'ontdekking' was Bill Clinton. En de Griekse reder Aristoteles Onassis was een vriend en reisgenoot van de oude Winston Churchill en op zijn jacht reisde niet alleen Maria Callas mee, maar ook het jonge echtpaar JFK en Jackie. Later zou zij hem trouwen. Derde boek: 'Maria Theresa - Empress' van Richard Bassett (Yale University Press, 520 p.) Nog een dynastie en persoonlijkheid van de buitencategorie. De Habsburgse keizerin Maria Theresa - zij regeerde van 1740 tot 1780 - was een van de machtigste en boeiendste vrouwen van haar tijd. Zij moest als 23-jarige letterlijk vechten om haar vader te kunnen opvolgen en zijn erflanden te regeren. Daartoe behoorden Oostenrijk, Hongarije, grote delen van de Balkan, Bohemen, Moravië en Silezië, grote delen van Noord-Italië en het huidige België. Maria Theresa overleefde die strijd met panache en werd een belangrijk hervormer van het bestuur, de wetgeving, economie en financiën en zeer in het bijzonder het onderwijs aan haar onderdanen. Een van haar opvallendste eigenschappen was haar bijna onfeilbaar oog voor talent. En daarbij was zij allesbehalve eenkennig. Zelfs een Hongaarse wees die haar als roeier opviel, protegeerde zij en liet hem zijn talenten ontdekken, waardoor hij een van haar belangrijkste raadsheren werd. Haar politieke gevoel deed haar aan het eind van haar leven grote zorgen hebben over de Amerikaanse revolutie tegen koning George III. Indringend waarschuwde zij haar dochter Marie Antoinette voor wat zij in Frankrijk zag opdoemen. Had zij maar beter naar haar moeder geluisterd. Vierde boek: 'De Groote Vrede' van Wim de Wagt (Boom, 446 p.) Na de val van dynastieën als de Habsburgers en Romanovs werd Europa in Versailles geheel heringedeeld. Dit leidde tot grote onrust over de toekomst van die nieuwe staten en hun oudere buren. Dat werd de bron van een golf van idealisme om in die toekomst een verenigd Europa te laten ontstaan. Juist vanuit het neutrale Nederland werden vele impulsen daaraan gegeven. Opmerkelijk was de rol van captains of industry die zo'n eenwording als de oplossing zagen voor de economische ravage die Versailles had veroorzaakt. Hendrik Colijn was de meest gezaghebbende vanuit die kringen en werd nimmer moe wereldwijd te pleiten voor een douane-unie, afschaffing van handelstarieven en de belemmeringen van de nieuwe grenzen op het Europese continent. Een hoofdpersoon in dit boek is de Franse staatsman Aristide Briand, die vurig werkte aan verzoening met de Duitsers en een soort Interne Markt probeerde te vormen als een Jacques Delors avant la lettre. Het idealisme en de inzet werden niet beloond. Autoritaire heersers en wraakgevoelens zouden Europa nog een tweede keer verwoesten, maar na 1945 werden de lessen uit dat eerdere ideaal concreet gemaakt. Vijfde boek: 'A Village in the Third Reich' van Julia Boyd (Pegasus, 412 p.) Dat stadje is Oberstdorf in het zuiden van Beieren. Klassiek Alpendorp van boeren en burgers, behoudend, rooms en gehecht aan tradities. Maar dankzij de wintersport ook economisch, cultureel en menselijk verbonden met heel Europa, vooral de rijke toeristen. Hoe het nationaalsocialisme in die gemeenschap doordrong, de dictatuur ging overheersen en angst en wegkijken domineerden wordt in menselijke lotgevallen zichtbaar. De mensen leerden bidden "Lieber Gott, mach mich stumm, daß ich nicht in Dachau kumm.' Het stadje was niettemin ook trots op de overwinningen van zijn bergjagers in de Wehrmacht, al kostte hun alpinistische stunt in de Kaukasus hen bijna het leven, omdat Hitler woedend was. In Oberstdorf poogde men de dictatuur te overleven door elkaar waar mogelijk te beschermen, ook de joodse dorpsgenoten. Een unieke rol speelde daarbij een Nederlandse gravin, die verbonden was aan Koningin Wilhelmina. Haar kindersanatorium werd een schuilplaats voor vervolgden. Zesde boek: 'Dissonanten in het Concertgebouw' van Albert van der Schoot (Noordboek, 560 p.) Politiek en Klassieke Muziek, de luisteraars van Betrouwbare Bronnen zijn wel vertrouwd geraakt aan de innige relaties tussen die twee. Dit boek zit vol fascinerend verhalen, momenten, figuren en incidenten in die kunsttempel van onze hoofdstad. Want het gebouw wordt vaak benut voor alle mogelijke manifestaties, die ook recent nog tot heftig gedoe aanleiding gaven. Een paar voorbeelden slechts: de communistische herdenking in 1924 van Lenin bij zijn dood of het 25-jarig jubileumfeest om paus Leo XIII, de man van Rerum Novarum, in 1903 te vieren. De manifestatie voor de 70e verjaardag van Domela Nieuwenhuis in 1916 en die van de NSB in zomer 1944 om ‘trouwbetuiging aan den Führer’ te tonen na de bomaanslag op zijn leven. Ook de muziek zelf kon politieke heftige controverses opleveren. Zo weigerde het rode koor Stem des Volks in 1934 het Wilhelmus te zingen en was er een epische ruzie met Cosima Wagner die de opera 'Parsifal' van haar echtgenoot weigerde te laten uitvoeren in Amsterdam. Stalin had het niet van een vreemde toen Dmitri Sjostakovitsj' opera hem in 1936 niet beviel! *** Verder luisteren Bij boek 1 203 - Karel de Grote. https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/1f66b01c-d62a-44f3-98ba-5ef8684a81da 363 - Zomerboeken met Dan Jones over de globalisering in de Middeleeuwen https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/d834c464-00ed-45f6-9018-6ab7f8536e29 262 - India in de geschiedenis https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/8e738070-a079-4411-ab30-8546d29083fc 311 - De wereld volgens Simon Sebag Montefiore https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/caaa9aac-ea36-4633-9460-74da8adf4c2f Bij boek 2 479 - Winston Churchill. Staatsman. Redenaar. Excentriekeling. https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/e3d96569-9b20-4af8-8246-410bd9e121ae 32 - Churchill en Europa: biografen Andrew Roberts en Felix Klos https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/72fbfe90-463b-4d38-bb87-fd0f25d8116d 303 - Bijzondere Britse premiers https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/569c9e3d-2f7b-44cf-ae38-bd323c2ddafc Bij boek 3 437 - Hongarije mag een half jaar Europa voorzitten. Gaat dat wel goed? https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/83ac74f7-1576-455b-9204-e79aa027291f 38 - Oostenrijk, Maria Theresa en Poetin https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/29723a6e-6ec4-49ce-9354-07fdc118b9cb Bij boek 4 100 - Nederland in Europa: lusten en lasten door de eeuwen heen https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/94ea4076-3118-4fe9-97e5-13b12f7a0355 34 - 140 jaar Anti-Revolutionaire Partij en Colijn https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/2e71b88f-0513-4c5b-8726-3a231d47d6a7 107 - Jean Monnet, de vader van Europa https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/cdf85c74-37e0-48a5-813f-aeda4b129e64 Bij boek 5 99 – Zomerboeken – oa Julia Boyd – Travellers in the Third Reich https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/4ec7b064-5157-47d9-ad74-9edc7e92ed48 105 - Dagelijks leven in Nazi-Duitsland https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/ad301f73-376f-4d97-b8c2-fb74f084db5e 322 - 30 januari 1933, een fatale dag voor Duitsland en de wereld https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/943245ed-8640-4714-b3b1-d048e6e63ce5 113 - De Jaren '20 als wenkend perspectief https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/8940f5b0-e098-4dbb-96f7-4a3f125b8017 Bij boek 6 387 - Niets is zó politiek als opera - 100 jaar Maria Callas https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/cdff059b-3e0c-4a27-b04e-e1093b8250b2 394 – Honderd jaar na zijn dood: de schrijnende actualiteit van Lenin https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/27f967ab-d2e5-496f-83bd-d5d3c1e26413 43 - Mozart op het Binnenhof https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/2f944a46-f9bf-46cc-bba8-9f0edabde41c 346 - Alle Menschen werden Brüder! https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/1c369825-dd76-463a-abd9-8d522f58e759 498 - Gustav Mahler en zijn tweede stad Amsterdam https://art19.com/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/episodes/e7f7fa4f-c2db-484b-b3a3-c4a751034c23 531 - Muziek en tirannie: de schrijnende actualiteit van Dmitri Sjostakovitsj https://omny.fm/shows/betrouwbare-bronnen/531-muziek-en-tirannie-de-schrijnende-actualiteit-van-dmitri-sjostakovitsj *** Tijdlijn 00:00:00 – Deel 1 00:40:58 – Deel 2 01:13:16 – Deel 3 01:59:54 – EindeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Send us a textWe trace the Sacred Heart from Scripture and early mystics to Saint Margaret Mary and papal teaching, then make it practical with consecration, First Fridays, the Holy Hour, and home enthronement. Stories, symbols, and promises show how this ancient devotion brings peace, courage, and community today.• scriptural roots in John 19:34 and early Church interpretation• medieval mystics preparing the ground for personal devotion• Saint Margaret Mary's revelations amid Jansenism and resistance• papal endorsements from Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius XII• theology and symbols of the Heart, from flames to thorns• the twelve promises applied to modern family and work life• consecration steps, renewal, and daily practices• First Fridays and the Holy Hour as rhythms of reparation• enthronement of the Sacred Heart in the home• sacred heart art and iconography across cultures• practical ways to begin and sustain the devotionVisit Journeys of Faith today and take the first step on a pilgrimage, physical or spiritual, that could change everythingSacred Heart Devotion CollectionOpen by Steve Bailey Support the show
Send us a textWe trace how Leo XIII led through upheaval with prayer, intellect, and courage, shaping Catholic social teaching while renewing devotion to the Sacred Heart, the rosary, and the power of Scripture. His vision shows a path where justice, reason, and worship move as one.• early life, Jesuit formation, discernment of priesthood• election after loss of Papal States and rise of secularism• Rerum Novarum on workers' rights and just wages• revival of Thomistic philosophy for faith and reason• Providentissimus Deus and responsible biblical scholarship• consecration to the Sacred Heart and home enthronement• Marian devotion, October as the month of the rosary• Saint Michael Prayer's origin and spiritual warfare• practical resources from our ministry and pilgrimagesVisit our website today and take the first stepOpen by Steve Bailey Support the show
Shannon Wimp Schmidt joins Katie to explore the significance of the papacy, highlighting key teachings and defining moments from the past twelve popes—from Leo XIII at the turn of the twentieth century to Leo XIV today. Together they trace how the papacy has evolved through the personalities, styles, and themes each pope brought to their encyclicals and homilies, showing how the Lord continues to guide his Church. In the end, they consider a personal question: What role does the pope play in our individual faith journeys today? We would love it if you could leave a written review on Apple and share with your friends! Editing provided by Forte Catholic (https://www.fortecatholic.com/)
Catholic men, we're at war—and this episode is a rallying cry. Fr. Dominic joins me as we dive deep into the election of Pope Leo XIV, what his papacy means for the Church, and how men must rise as warriors in the spiritual battle of our time.We discuss the symbolism of Pope Leo taking his name in continuity with the great Leo XIII, the Rosary Pope who gave us the St. Michael Prayer. We look at the promise of strong leadership, the dangers of confusion in the Church, and what it means for men who want to fight for holiness in their homes.This isn't just about papal history—it's about how you as a husband, father, or single man must embrace discipline, prayer, fasting, and leadership in your vocation. Fr. Dom challenges every man listening: if you want to be a warrior for Christ, it starts in the daily grind of loving your wife, leading your family in prayer, working with integrity, and refusing to let Satan through the front door of your home.We also go into the liturgical battles surrounding the Mass—Novus Ordo vs. the Extraordinary Form, the loss of silence, the confusion over extraordinary ministers, and how Pope Leo XIV might restore clarity. Men, this is not a passive conversation. It's a call to arms.Challenge from this episode:Stop chasing spiritual “special forces” experiences and embrace the ordinary duties of your vocation with the heart of a warrior. Pray with your wife. Lead your children. Guard your home. That is the frontline of the battle.Products/References Mentioned:EWTN (coverage of the conclave)【6:Jimmy】Harmel Academy of the Trades (founded on Leo XIII's Catholic social teaching)Mass of the Ages (documentary series on the Latin Mass)Books/Encyclicals referenced: Rerum Novarum (Leo XIII), Amoris Laetitia, Fiducia Supplicans3 Powerful Quotes from the Episode:“It's ingrained in our DNA as men to guard, defend, and protect. Satan doesn't want you to know that. He wants you effeminate.” – Fr. Dom“The warrior in you is going to have to embrace the things you don't want to do—loving your wife the way she desires to be loved, disciplining your children, staying cool under pressure.” – Fr. Dom“Don't be afraid to fail. As long as you're grounded in your faith, every failure becomes an opportunity for growth.” – JamesKey Takeaway for Men:Being a warrior for Christ doesn't begin with grand gestures—it begins with the daily, often hidden, acts of faithfulness in your vocation.Do you want me to also condense this into a shorter YouTube description version (SEO-friendly but tighter), like we did for past episodes?Send us a text Support the showPlease prayerfully consider supporting the podcast on our Buy Me A Coffee page. to help grow the show to reach as many men as possible! Thank you for your prayers and support. Be sure to follow us on X for more great content. As always, please pray for us! We are men who strive daily to be holy, to become saints and we cannot do that without the help of the Holy Ghost! Subscribe to our YouTube page to see our manly and holy faces Check out our website Contact us at themanlycatholic@gmail.com
One of the most important encyclicals we need to rediscover is Pope Leo XIII's Libertas (1888), on the true nature of human liberty. This encyclical explains what true liberty consists of, followed by a lengthy exposition of the Church's condemnation of liberalism, in the Enlightenment/classical sense rather than today's narrower use of the word. Most people who call themselves conservative now would, in certain ways, fall into the category of liberalism as defined by Leo. Prophetically warning of the evil consequences of political liberalism, Leo also takes aim at various false liberties in which modern people take such pride: freedom of speech, writing, thought, and worship. In each of these instances, liberals fail to recognize that freedom is not the right to do and say what one wants, but to do justice and to speak truth. As starting as Leo's teaching may be to modern Catholics, his fundamental principle is the one that Pope St. John Paul II enunciated when he said that "freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we ought." Pope Leo XIII: "Man, by a necessity of his nature, is wholly subject to the most faithful and ever-enduring power of God; and that, as a consequence, any liberty, except that which consists in submission to God and in subjection to His will, is unintelligible. To deny the existence of this authority in God, or to refuse to submit to it, means to act, not as a free man, but as one who treasonably abuses his liberty; and in such a disposition of mind the chief and deadly vice of liberalism essentially consists. Pope Leo XIII, Libertas https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_20061888_libertas.html DONATE to make this show possible! http://catholicculture.org/donate/audio SIGN UP for Catholic Culture's newsletter: https://www.catholicculture.org/newsletters
Commander John Sharpe joins John-Henry Westen for a frank look at how Catholic just war teaching collides with modern U.S. foreign policy. A decorated Navy officer, Sharpe recounts his own “cancellation before it was cool” after opposing the Iraq War, drawing on Aquinas, Vatican II, and Leo XIII to argue that America's wars often fail the tests of just cause, last resort, and proportionality.He exposes how leaders exploit fear, like the infamous “mushroom cloud” threat, to bypass moral analysis, leaving soldiers, families, and nations scarred. The conversation ranges from the false logic of punishing nations for possible future crimes, to the bipartisan collapse of moral coherence that saw Pat Buchanan and Noam Chomsky aligned against Iraq. With ties to Versailles, the Balfour Declaration, and today's Middle East turmoil, Sharpe urges Catholics to reject propaganda before another war is waged under false pretenses.U.S. residents! Create a will with LifeSiteNews: https://www.mylegacywill.com/lifesitenews ****PROTECT Your Wealth with gold, silver, and precious metals: https://sjp.stjosephpartners.com/lifesitenews +++SHOP ALL YOUR FUN AND FAVORITE LIFESITE MERCH! https://shop.lifesitenews.com/ ****Download the all-new LSNTV App now, available on iPhone and Android!LSNTV Apple Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lsntv/id6469105564 LSNTV Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lifesitenews.app +++Connect with John-Henry Westen and all of LifeSiteNews on social media:LifeSite: https://linktr.ee/lifesitenewsJohn-Henry Westen: https://linktr.ee/jhwesten Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Love to hear from you; “Send us a Text Message”What happens when the three necessary societies, the foundational pillars for human flourishing, crumble simultaneously? Jack and Veronica Burchard, Chief Operating Officer of Sophia Institute, explores how Pope Leo XIII's groundbreaking encyclical Rerum Novarum offers extraordinary wisdom for our modern cultural crisis.Burchard shares what motivated her to create "A Pocket Guide to Rerum Novarum," making this essential Catholic social teaching more accessible to today's readers. Together, they unpack how Leo XIII's prophetic vision of the three necessary societies—Marriage and the Family, Christ and the Church, and Polity-Civil Society—creates a framework for understanding human dignity and societal flourishing.The discussion reveals surprising relevance for today's young adults struggling under financial burdens that delay family formation and Leo XIII's teaching that "the family predates the state" and that private property rights flow from our responsibility to care for our families, and discover a liberating alternative to both socialist promises and unchecked capitalism. Find "A Pocket Guide to Rerum Novarum" Here! Read Jack's Blog's including his latest: Stepping Up to True Love: The Fall and the Call to Be a Man of GodWatch on YouTube or Follow us on X! Support the show
Leo XIII wrote much more than his best-known Rerum Novarum. We explore his other writings with Luke Arredondo.
Leo XIII wrote much more than his best-known Rerum Novarum. We explore his other writings with Luke Arredondo.
In taking the name Pope Leo XIV, the new pope has signaled that the Church finds itself in an era marked by tumultuous social change. The question remains whether the Catholic social thought of his predecessor Leo XIII's time is still applicable today given the radically different world we now live in—a world increasingly defined by the rise and possible dominance of artificial intelligence, robotics entering into mainstream life, the breakdown of regular physical contact among people, and the rise of transhumanism. Can Catholic social thought help us to navigate these uncharted waters? A listener asks: How does one respond to “Science doesn't care what you believe”? 00:00 | Introduction 01:45 | Episode 500! 02:51 | What is Catholic social thought? 03:59 | Pope Leo XIII and Catholic social thought 06:05 | The Catholic conception of human dignity 08:00 | How Catholics understand the common good 09:36 | Defining solidarity 11:39 | Understanding subsidiarity 13:45 | Factoring in the question of sin 17:19 | The significance of the name Leo XIV 18:08 | Examining the nature of artificial intelligence 23:23 | Humanity and the machine 29:09 | Limiting principles 31:35 | Virtual reality, avatars, and companions 35:38 | AI and the workforce 40:43 | AI and art 43:14 | Listener question: How does one respond to “science doesn't care what you believe”? 45:16 | Join the Word on Fire Institute Links: Goldman Sachs citation: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2023/03/31/goldman-sachs-predicts-300-million-jobs-will-be-lost-or-degraded-by-artificial-intelligence/ Word on Fire resources on artificial intelligence: https://www.wordonfire.org/topics/artificial-intelligence/ Word on Fire Institute: https://institute.wordonfire.org/ NOTE: Do you like this podcast? Become a Word on Fire IGNITE member! Word on Fire is a non-profit ministry that depends on the support of our listeners . . . like you! So become a part of this mission and join IGNITE today to become a Word on Fire insider and receive some special donor gifts for your generosity.
1 And after these things the Lord appointed also other seventy-two: and he sent them two and two before his face into every city and place whither he himself was to come.Post haec autem designavit Dominus et alios septuaginta duos : et misit illos binos ante faciem suam in omnem civitatem et locum, quo erat ipse venturus. 2 And he said to them: The harvest indeed is great, but the labourers are few. Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he send labourers into his harvest.Et dicebat illis : Messis quidem multa, operarii autem pauci. Rogate ergo dominum messis ut mittat operarios in messem suam. 3 Go: Behold I send you as lambs among wolves.Ite : ecce ego mitto vos sicut agnos inter lupos. 4 Carry neither purse, nor scrip, nor shoes; and salute no man by the way.Nolite portare sacculum, neque peram, neque calceamenta, et neminem per viam salutaveritis. 5 Into whatsoever house you enter, first say: Peace be to this house.In quamcumque domum intraveritis, primum dicite : Pax huic domui : 6 And if the son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon him; but if not, it shall return to you.et si ibi fuerit filius pacis, requiescet super illum pax vestra : sin autem, ad vos revertetur. 7 And in the same house, remain, eating and drinking such things as they have: for the labourer is worthy of his hire. Remove not from house to house.In eadem autem domo manete, edentes et bibentes quae apud illos sunt : dignus est enim operarius mercede sua. Nolite transire de domo in domum. 8 And into what city soever you enter, and they receive you, eat such things as are set before you.Et in quamcumque civitatem intraveritis, et susceperint vos, manducate quae apponuntur vobis : 9 And heal the sick that are therein, and say to them: The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you.et curate infirmos, qui in illa sunt, et dicite illis : Appropinquavit in vos regnum Dei.Leo XIII proclaimed St Vincent the patron of all charitable associations. He was the founder of the Lazarists, or the Priests of the Mission, and of the Sisters of Charity. He died A.D. 1660.
Vatican Reporter Christopher White has just written book about Pope Leo XIV, our new Holy Father, an American, an Augustinian, from Chicago, from Perú; it's a biography, but it also places Pope Leo in the Context of the Second Vatican Council, the legacy of Leo XIII and especially his predecessor Pope Francis and the synodal church of the last few years, and that was a show to which Chris White had court side front row season tickets and plenty of good stories about, some of which he shares today on Almost Good Catholics. Chris's book Pope Leo XIV, Inside the Conclave and the Dawn of a New Papacy (Loyola Press, 2025). Chris's talk about the Synod in San Francisco, 2024. Here are some earlier episodes of AGC we referred to in this discussion: Sr. Nathalie Becquart, on Almost Good Catholics, episode 36: Quo Vademus? The Pilgrim Church on the Road of Synodality Bp. Athanasius Schneider, on Almost Good Catholics, episode 101: Salve Regina: The Power of the Rosary Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network
Vatican Reporter Christopher White has just written book about Pope Leo XIV, our new Holy Father, an American, an Augustinian, from Chicago, from Perú; it's a biography, but it also places Pope Leo in the Context of the Second Vatican Council, the legacy of Leo XIII and especially his predecessor Pope Francis and the synodal church of the last few years, and that was a show to which Chris White had court side front row season tickets and plenty of good stories about, some of which he shares today on Almost Good Catholics. Chris's book Pope Leo XIV, Inside the Conclave and the Dawn of a New Papacy (Loyola Press, 2025). Chris's talk about the Synod in San Francisco, 2024. Here are some earlier episodes of AGC we referred to in this discussion: Sr. Nathalie Becquart, on Almost Good Catholics, episode 36: Quo Vademus? The Pilgrim Church on the Road of Synodality Bp. Athanasius Schneider, on Almost Good Catholics, episode 101: Salve Regina: The Power of the Rosary Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Meet Pope Leo XIV: The First American Pope Link: • Meet Pope Leo XIV: The First American Pope Dr. Matthew Bunson joins Bear Woznick to discuss his new book, Leo XIV: Portrait of the First American Pope. The conversation explores Pope Leo XIV's deep spiritual and intellectual roots, his ties to Augustine and Aquinas, and his clear, unifying vision for the Church. As a former head of the Augustinians, Leo XIV emphasizes clarity, truth, and the dignity of the human person in a time of global confusion, technological disruption, and moral instability. The episode ties in Church history, papal lineage, and the powerful symbolism of choosing the name “Leo.”In this episode:
This is the first in a series of episodes (accompanied by articles) surveying the most important encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII. His third encyclical, Aeterni Patris (1879), on the restoration of Christian philosophy, famously called for a revival of the teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas. Links Thomas's article on Aeterni Patris, “Leo XIII and the restoration of Christian philosophy” https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/leo-xiii-on-restoration-christian-philosophy/ Pope Leo XIII, Aeterni Patris https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_04081879_aeterni-patris.html The Great Encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII: Volume Two – The Spiritual Letters https://clunymedia.com/products/the-great-encyclicals-of-pope-leo-xiii-volume-two-the-spiritual-letters Russell Hittinger, On the Dignity of Society: Catholic Social Teaching and Natural Law https://www.cuapress.org/9780813238234/on-the-dignity-of-society/ SUBSCRIBE to the Catholic Culture Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-catholic-culture-podcast/id1377089807 DONATE to make this show possible! http://catholicculture.org/donate/audio
Joe and Lee do a quick review and recap of the fundamental themes and principles of Catholic Social Teaching, as a bridge between their in-depth study of the work of Pope Leo XIII and future discussion about what the new Pope Leo might have to say on these topics... You can contact us at podcast@chesterton.org. Read the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church here: https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/justpeace/documents/rc_pc_justpeace_doc_20060526_compendio-dott-soc_en.html Register for the conference today at https://www.chesterton.org/44th-annual-chesterton-conference/ FOLLOW US Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chestertonsociety Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmericanChestertonSociety X: https://twitter.com/chestertonsoc SUPPORT Consider making a donation: https://www.chesterton.org/give/ Visit our Shop at https://www.chesterton.org/shop/
When Cardinal Robert Prevost was named Pope, he took the name of Pope Leo XIV. Leo XIII authored Rerum Novarum, which is the basis for Catholic social teaching and is friendlier to private property and free markets than anything the Vatican has produced since then.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/leo-xiv-and-rerum-novarum
Historiansplaining: A historian tells you why everything you know is wrong
For Patrons only for 1 year: We follow the tribulations of the Papacy through the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation, as the Pope's loyal soldiers in the Jesuit order are expelled from Catholic states and empires, the Church comes under attack in the French Reovlution, and Napoleon takes the Pope prisoner. We then follow the Papacy's gradual recovery of prestige -- through the reactionary rigorism of Pius IX and the 1st Vatican Council; the creation of Catholic social teaching and the intervention of the Church in the class struggle between capital and labor under Leo XIII; and the dramatic reforms of the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s. We consider the controversies and scandals of the modern church relating to fascism, the Nazi Holocaust, the Vatican Bank, and the suppression of Liberation Theology, and finally, examine the recent shakeup of the Vatican under Pope Francis, the momentous implications of the Synod on Synodality, and the clues presaging a new political assertiveness of the Church under the first American pope, Leo XIV. Please sign on as a patron to hear the whole lecture: https://www.patreon.com/posts/133266130 Image: American print showing Pope Pius IX presiding over the First Vatican Council in St. Peter's Basilica, 1869. Correction: Banker Roberto Calvi was found dead hanging from Blackfriars Bridge, London, not London Bridge.
When Cardinal Robert Prevost was named Pope, he took the name of Pope Leo XIV. Leo XIII authored Rerum Novarum, which is the basis for Catholic social teaching and is friendlier to private property and free markets than anything the Vatican has produced since then.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/leo-xiv-and-rerum-novarum
Saint Isaac the Syrian asks the question that has been put forward for centuries - “how are we to pray?” In fact, our Lord himself was asked by his disciples to teach them how to pray as John the Baptizer taught his disciples. Within a few beautiful paragraphs Isaac opens up for us not only what we are to pray for but why. What Isaac would have us understand is that our prayer should be a reflection both of who God is and what he is revealed already in regard to his desires for us and a reflection of who we are and our understanding of our dignity and destiny in Christ. It is as if God says to us, “I became man in order that you might become God. If you did not desire to become God, you would do me wrong“. We are to refrain from asking for the things of this world not because it is wrong to do so in a moralistic or legalistic understanding of things. Rather, we are to ask for what is heavenly. At times our focus upon and anxiety about the things in this world makes our vision myopic. We lose sight of the presence of God and the life and the love that he has promised us. Isaac tells us that when our petitions to God are in accord with His glory then our honor is magnified before Him and He rejoices over us. Similarly, Isaac tells us, the angels and archangels are astonished and exalt whenever they behold one who has been made from the earth asking for what is heavenly – one who is been made from the dust asking for what endures to eternity. Therefore, Isaac, echoing the Scriptures tells us to seek first the kingdom of God and its righteousness and all else will be given to us. We need only be humble and patient - trusting above all in the providence of God and not rush onwards to great measures before the appropriate time. “For anything”, Isaac tells us, “that is quickly obtained is also easily lost, whereas everything found with toil is also kept with careful watching.“ That which is precious comes only after striving to give our hearts to God and then we must hold onto it with great watchfulness. What is most essential, however, is that we thirst for Jesus and that He would make us drunk with His love. Do not let your eyes focus on the delights of this world, but rather trust that God desires to give you his peace and the invincible joy of the kingdom. Simply put, “the man who desires the greatest things does not concern himself with a lesser“ --- Text of chat during the group: 00:05:47 Bob Čihák, AZ: P. 135, first full paragraph on this page 00:14:39 Myles Davidson: Top of pg. 135 “Do not become foolish…” 00:26:38 Anthony: This reminds me of a quote by Henri Nouwen, that our biggest affliction is a feeling of self hatred. You shared this on Facebook. 00:30:00 Rick Visser: Is it fair to say that Therese L. was disposed to a love that went beyond the sensual-- the felt--and was disposed to a pure love that transcended the feelings? 00:32:28 Joshua Sander: Isaac's mention of us leaving "our dunghill" for the things of Heaven also reminds me of C. S. Lewis, who writes, "It would seem that Our Lord finds our desires not too strong, but too weak. We are half-hearted creatures, fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us, like an ignorant child who wants to go on making mud pies in a slum because he cannot imagine what is meant by the offer of a holiday at the sea. We are far too easily pleased." 00:33:53 Anna: So the desert fathers and mothers didn't have psychological tools and neurological tools to overcome things like anger, anxiety, fear and so on... did they overcome such things through only ascetic life and prayer? 00:35:58 Gwen's iPhone: It was Leo XIII allowed her to enter Carmel at a young age. 00:46:28 Rick Visser: What are vain repetitions in prayer? 00:46:35 Anthony: When we pray, should we be very specific, or say only, "Lord have mercy as you know how"? 01:02:05 Rick Visser: Does this mean I must give up my herb garden and pray, give up the lesser things for the greatest things? 01:02:13 Eleana: lex orandi, lex credendi, lex vivendi 01:10:01 Anthony: A Man For All Seasons, the counsel Thomas More gives to the scholar 01:10:25 Anna: My daughter is asking... Were the desert fathers living in the desert and if so how did they find their food? 01:14:12 Myles Davidson: Desert Christians by William Harmless is a great book about how they lived 01:14:25 Catherine Opie: There are places in the desert where springs come up and monasteries are built on those places 01:15:36 Maureen Cunningham: Thank You Blessing 01:15:39 Rebecca Thérèse: Thank you☺️ 01:15:47 Jeffrey Ott: Thank you!! 01:15:54 Catherine Opie: Thank you God bless 01:16:03 David: Thank you father and may God bless you and your mother
Pope Leo XIII sought to find a way forward for the Catholic church at a time when the world was rapidly changing and the church was often at odds with those changes. Research: Aubert, Roger-François-Marie. "Leo XIII". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 May. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-XIII “ELECTION OF POPE LEO XIII.” New York Times. Feb. 21, 1878. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1878/02/21/issue.html Jedin, Hubert and John Patrick Dolan. “History of the Church: The Church in the Industrial age.” Burns & Oates. 1981. https://books.google.com/books?id=h5LYAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s Masci, David. “A look at popes and their encyclicals.” Pew Research Center. June 9, 2015. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/06/09/a-look-at-popes-and-their-encyclicals/ Miller, James Martin. “The life of Pope Leo XIII : containing a full and authentic account of the illustrious pontiff's life and work.” G.H. Harr. Omaha, Nebraska. 1908. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/lifeofleo1300milluoft/page/n5/mode/2up O’Reilly, Bernard. “Life of Leo XIII, from an authentic memoir furnished by his order.” Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London. 1903. https://archive.org/details/lifeofleoxiiifro0000orei/page/n9/mode/2up Pope Leo XIII. “AETERNI PATRIS.” 1879. https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_04081879_aeterni-patris.html Pope Leo XIII. “INSCRUTABILI DEI CONSILIO.” 1878. https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_21041878_inscrutabili-dei-consilio.html Pope Leo XIII. “RERUM NOVARUM.” https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum.html Pope Leo XIII. “Testem Benevolentiae Nostrae.” 1899. https://www.papalencyclicals.net/leo13/l13teste.htm “Religious.” Chicago Tribune. February 24, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/349728621/?match=1&terms=Pope%20Leo%20XIII “Vatican country profile.” BBC. Nov. 17, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Jim talks with Mark Stahlman about the new Pope Leo XIV and the Catholic Church's evolving role in a digital age. They discuss Trump as an avatar of the digital paradigm shift, the significance of Leo XIV's name choice, Francis as a thug, Francis's background as chemical engineer and bouncer, Synodality & Church decentralization, the exterior vs interior personas of Pope Francis, Leo XIII's 1891 encyclical Rerum Novarum, the three pillars of Catholic social teaching, financial system reforms and new settlement currencies, the role of Dubai in blockchain/crypto development, multipolar traps & solidarity, generational changes & media consumption, the growth of Catholicism in France despite overall European decline, the Catholic Church's diplomatic efforts and interfaith outreach, the future of global systems, and much more. JRS EP290 - Mark Stahlman on Trump as the Avatar of the Digital Paradigm Shift Center for the Study of Digital Life (digitallife.center) Mark Stahlman's Substack (exogenous.substack.com) First Things (magazine) Trivium University (online graduate school mentioned) Rerum Novarum, by Pope Leo XIII (1891 encyclical) Quadragesimo Anno, by Pope Pius XI (1931 encyclical) Centesimus Annus, by Pope John Paul II (1991 encyclical) Aeterni Patris, by Pope Leo XIII (1879 encyclical) Return of the Strong Gods, by R.R. Reno "The Two Popes" (movie) "Dictator Pope" (book) God's Diplomats, by Victor Gaetan Mark Stahlman is a biologist, computer architect and ex-Wall Street technology strategist. He is the President of the not-for-profit Center for the Study of Digital Life (CSDL, 501(c)3, digitallife.center) and its educational project Trivium University (Triv U, trivium.university). He is also CEO of Exogenous, Inc. (EXO, exogenousinc.com), a strategic risk analysis group and on the editorial staff of its publication, the Three Spheres Newsletter (TSN). He studied for but did not complete advanced degrees in Theology (UofChicago) and Molecular Biology (UW-Mad). He has been widely interviewed and published, including teaching online courses (available on YouTube via 52 Living Ideas).
In this captivating episode of "Father and Joe," hosts Father Boniface and Joe Rockey delve into the rich legacy and influence of Pope Leo, addressing his historical significance and the impact of his choices on the modern Church. As a follow-up to their ongoing conversation about papal influence, the discussion takes an enlightening turn with a vivid recounting of the emergence of popes throughout history, highlighted by pivotal actions and teachings that have shaped Catholicism today.Father Boniface takes us on a journey beginning with Pope Leo the Great, a resilient figure who faced external threats, and further explores the legacy of Leo XIII who navigated the challenges of the Industrial Revolution. The episode captures the essence of how these past leaders grounded their papacies on the core tenets of faith, dignity, social justice, and church doctrine.The most recent Pope Leo XIV's initiatives are cited as responses to contemporary challenges, including the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence and social dynamics. Father Boniface explains that even as new social issues arise, the papal mission draws from historical role models, employing compassion and justice to address modern-day societal complexities.Listeners are invited to reflect on the significance of the Pope's inaugural Mass and what it might foreshadow about his papacy. The conversation delves into the selection of papal names, focusing on how these choices reveal a Pope's theological and pastoral priorities. By examining these historical narratives and their continued relevance today, Father Boniface provides illuminating insights into the papacy's guiding principles for navigating times of change.The podcast encapsulates an engaging analysis of how modern leaders can embody and extend the teachings of past authorities. Through this thoughtful narrative, "Father and Joe" reinforces a profound message about the continuity of faith and the persistent drive towards maintaining human dignity and social justice in every epoch.Tags:Pope Leo, Catholic Church, Faith Journey, Spiritual Direction, Papal History, Father Boniface, Joe Rockey, Papal Inauguration, Church and Society, Social Justice, AI and Faith, Catholic Doctrine, Vatican II, Religious Education, Spiritual Growth, Historical Reflection, Papal Tradition, Modern Catholicism, Inauguration Mass, Church Teachings, Religious Podcast, Pope Francis, Social Encyclicals, John Paul II, Church Doctrine, Catholic Leaders, Devotion, Papal Insights, Human Dignity, Church and AI, Spirituality, Solidarity, Subsidiarity, Vatican Traditions, Pope's Role, Church Unity, Encyclical Significance, Religious Narratives, Papacy Symbols, Modern Challenges.Hashtags:#PopeLeo #CatholicChurch #FaithJourney #SpiritualDirection #PapalHistory #FatherBoniface #JoeRockey #PapalInauguration #ChurchAndSociety #SocialJustice #AIAndFaith #CatholicDoctrine #VaticanII #ReligiousEducation #SpiritualGrowth #HistoricalReflection #PapalTradition #ModernCatholicism #InaugurationMass #ChurchTeachings #ReligiousPodcast #PopeFrancis #SocialEncyclicals #JohnPaulII #ChurchDoctrine #CatholicLeaders #Devotion #PapalInsights #HumanDignity #ChurchAndAI #Spirituality #Solidarity #Subsidiarity #VaticanTraditions #PopesRole #ChurchUnity #EncyclicalSignificance #ReligiousNarratives #PapacySymbols #ModernChallenges
Live from Rome, Patrick Coffin shares his take on the historic election of Pope Leo XIV—the first American pope. Reflecting on the symbolism of his name, vestments, and reverent gestures, Coffin sees signs of a return to tradition and clarity. While acknowledging past concerns, including the removal of Bishop Strickland, he urges Catholics to remain prayerful and patient as this new pontificate begins. From echoes of Leo XIII to hints of liturgical renewal, this powerful conversation explores what could be the start of a true spiritual restoration in the Church.U.S. residents! Create a will with LifeSiteNews: https://www.mylegacywill.com/lifesitenews ****PROTECT Your Wealth with gold, silver, and precious metals: https://stjosephpartners.com/lifesitenews +++SHOP ALL YOUR FUN AND FAVORITE LIFESITE MERCH! https://shop.lifesitenews.com/ ****Download the all-new LSNTV App now, available on iPhone and Android!LSNTV Apple Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lsntv/id6469105564 LSNTV Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lifesitenews.app +++Connect with John-Henry Westen and all of LifeSiteNews on social media:LifeSite: https://linktr.ee/lifesitenews John-Henry Westen: https://linktr.ee/jhwesten Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
In light of the recent election of Pope Leo XIV, we share this special episode in which a Friend of Medjugorje tells of the last Pope with the name Leo, Leo XIII and his vision for the Church’s trials. When is the victory of Our Lady’s Heart coming? Hear all about it in this broadcast.
POPE LEO XIV, Cardinal Robert Prevost, was elected this week to succeed Pope Francis, becoming the first American pope in history. We discuss the possible reasons for Leo's choice of that papal name. Pope Leo XIII, who served 1878–1903, is remembered for emphasizing the veneration of Mary and her status as “Mediatrix” and “Co-Redemptrix.” (There is no blblical support for the role of Mary in our redemption.) Leo XIII was also known for championing the rights of workers to fair wages and safe working conditions during the Industrial Revolution. Leo I, also called Leo the Great, was pope between 440 and 461 AD. He's remembered for laying the theological foundation for the Council of Chalcedon, which defined the nature of Jesus as both human and divine in one person, but perhaps best known for meeting with Attila the Hun and talking the barbarian out of invading Italy. Also: Cult leader and self-proclaimed Mahdi Abdullah Hashem calls on Arabs and Jews to build the Third Temple. Read the story by Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz at Israel365 News: https://bit.ly/Abdullah-temple Our new book The Gates of Hell is now available in paperback, Kindle, and as an audiobook at Audible! Derek's new book Destination: Earth, co-authored with Donna Howell and Allie Anderson, is now available in paperback, Kindle, and as an audiobook at Audible! Sharon's niece, Sarah Sachleben, was recently diagnosed with stage 4 bowel cancer, and the medical bills are piling up. If you are led to help, please go to GilbertHouse.org/hopeforsarah. Follow us! X (formerly Twitter): @pidradio | @sharonkgilbert | @derekgilbert | @gilberthouse_tvTelegram: t.me/gilberthouse | t.me/sharonsroom | t.me/viewfromthebunkerSubstack: gilberthouse.substack.comYouTube: @GilbertHouse | @UnravelingRevelationFacebook.com/pidradio —————— JOIN US AND SPECIAL GUEST CARL TEICHRIB IN ISRAEL! We will tour the Holy Land October 19–30, 2025, with an optional three-day extension in Jordan. For more information, log on to GilbertHouse.org/travel. Thank you for making our Build Barn Better project a reality! Our 1,200 square foot pole barn has a new HVAC system, epoxy floor, 100-amp electric service, new windows, insulation, lights, and ceiling fans! If you are so led, you can help out by clicking here: gilberthouse.org/donate. Get our free app! It connects you to this podcast, our weekly Bible studies, and our weekly video programs Unraveling Revelation and A View from the Bunker. The app is available for iOS, Android, Roku, and Apple TV. Links to the app stores are at pidradio.com/app. Video on demand of our best teachings! Stream presentations and teachings based on our research at our new video on demand site: gilberthouse.org/video! Think better, feel better! Our partners at Simply Clean Foods offer freeze-dried, 100% GMO-free food and delicious, vacuum-packed fair trade coffee from Honduras. Find out more at GilbertHouse.org/store/.
Welcome to America magazine's Conclave Podcast. In this episode, veteran Vatican reporter Gerard O'Connell speaks to Colleen Dulle and Sam Sawyer, SJ about the unexpectedly quick election of Pope Leo XIV, who was elected on the fourth ballot in the conclave. They discuss: What the speedy election tell us about the conclave? Why a pope from the U.S. was thought to be "impossible", and why it happened anyway. Analyzing Leo XIV's first address to the world and homily to the cardinals. Who was Leo XIII? Who is Leo XIV in light of his legacy? Leo XIV was once a poor missionary in Peru and a capable administrator on a global stage Subscribe to America to get our extensive coverage of the historic election of Pope Leo XIV at: https://www.americamagazine.org/subscribe Links from the show: Pope Leo XIV: What to expect in the coming days Full text: Pope Leo XIV's first homily Who was Pope Leo XIII? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Patrick highlights the election of Pope Leo XIV and what this new chapter means for the Church. He explores the tradition of the papal blessing, explains the history and role of religious orders, and answers important listener questions about indulgences. Patrick connects these moments to the impact of faith and leadership, offering takeaways that resonate far beyond the Church—valuable insights for anyone working to build legacy and meaning in their own life and work. Patrick shares his “Prayer for Pope Leo XIV” (00:50) Andrew - Pope Leo gave plenary indulgence. What do I need to do to receive this? (01:59) Matthew - Christian Unity: Martin Luther was also an Augustinian who fought against a prior Pope Leo. (08:28) Barbara - How far does the tradition of the Conclave go back? (17:24) Vinnie - If the Pope gives a plenary indulgence over the radio do you get the indulgence for just listening or do you have to be present? (19:17) Jim - I think it’s great that Pope Leo played priest when he was a little kid. (22:45) Cindy – Yesterday was the anniversary of WWII. Pope Leo's Father served in WII. Hopeful this Pope will bring peace. (26:19) Lane – What is the history behind the Room of Tears? (39:15) John – Does today's modern Mass have any connection to the Papal Encyclical from Leo XIII? (43:09) Marsha – Can there be more than one Cardinal from an Archdiocese? (47:22)
Welcome to America magazine's Conclave Podcast. In this episode, veteran Vatican reporter Gerard O'Connell speaks to Colleen Dulle and Sam Sawyer, SJ about the unexpectedly quick election of Pope Leo XIV, who was elected on the fourth ballot in the conclave. They discuss: What the speedy election tell us about the conclave? Why a pope from the U.S. was thought to be "impossible", and why it happened anyway. Analyzing Leo XIV's first address to the world and homily to the cardinals. Who was Leo XIII? Who is Leo XIV in light of his legacy? Leo XIV was once a poor missionary in Peru and a capable administrator on a global stage Subscribe to America to get our extensive coverage of the historic election of Pope Leo XIV at: https://www.americamagazine.org/subscribe Links from the show: Pope Leo XIV: What to expect in the coming days Full text: Pope Leo XIV's first homily Who was Pope Leo XIII? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Who is the new American Pope Leo XIV? Father Tim Grumbach joins Trending with Timmerie. (0:51) Expecting a Marian Papacy (21:40) Having a new pope in the Jubilee Year of Hope. (32:00) Pope elected on the Feast of the Apparition of St. Michael. (39:55) Social Teaching of predecessor Leo XIII – Rerum Novarum. (45:27)
Why did the new pope choose the name Leo XIV? In this episode, we explore the possible historical, theological, and symbolic significance of the name “Leo”—from Leo the Great to Leo XIII—and what it might reveal about the new pope's priorities, vision, and identity. Karlo Broussard also discusses whether this signals a moderate papacy and how the choice reflects on the Church's current moment. Join The CA Live Club Newsletter: Click Here Invite our apologists to speak at your parish! Visit Catholicanswersspeakers.com Questions Covered: 18:28 – What are your thoughts on why he chose the name Leo XIV? Do you think he will be a moderate? 22:06 – Can we receive communion at a Orthodox church? 24:19 – What are some general guidelines in discerning satanic resistance vs God closing the door? 30:13 – Do you think the resurgence of traditional Catholicism in the US gave the idea that we were ready to have an American pope? That we are no longer looked upon as a wild card? 30:13 – Do you think the resurgence of traditional Catholicism in the US gave the idea that we were ready to have an American pope? That we are no longer looked upon as a wild card? 34:15 – The new Pope has a degree in Math. Could his papal blessing also impart more math knowledge? 37:41 – I think Cy’s book Ad Limina was a great parallel to what we have now. What are your thoughts on those parallels? 44:18 – What are your thoughts on the general name Leo and the historical significance of Leo III? 49:00 – What’s the difference between Catholicism and Episcopalians?