Podcasts about ancient persia

Waren die Dorer Invasoren aus dem Norden, die die Bevölkerung Griechenlands nach der Bronzezeit und während der Eisenzeit unterwarfen? Wer waren die vier großen Stämme der Griechen, die einen Großteil ihrer Geschichte prägten? Und wie erklärten sich die Griechen ihre Herkunft und Entstehen?Das alles erfahren wir in der neuen Folge!Quellen:Aischylos, EumenidenAntoninus Liberalis, MetamorphosenApollodor, BibliothekeApollonios Rhodios, ArgonautikaDiodor, BibliothekeDionysios von Halikarnassos, Antike römische GeschichteEphorosHerodot, Historien Homer, IliasHomer, OdysseeThukydides, Geschichte des Peloponnesischen KriegesPlaton, Nomoi , Politeia Pausanias, Beschreibung GriechenlandsOvid, MetamorphosenTyrtaios, Fragmente zur dorischen Herkunft Spartas und zur Dreiteilung der Dorer (Pamphyloi, Dymanes, Hylleis)Stephanus von Byzanz Strabon, Geographika LiteraturAllan, Introduction. The Children of Heracles, 2001Baumbach, A Doric Fifth Column?, 1980Beckman/Bryce/Cline, The Ahhiyawa Texts, Atlanta, 2011Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, 2009Blegen, The Mycenaean Age, the Trojan War, the Dorian Invasion, and Other Problems, 1962Bromiley, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1994Buck, Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, 1933Carlier, Aegeum, 1995Caskey, Studien zur minyschen KeramikChadwick, The Mycenaean World, 1976Chadwick/Ventris, Documents in Mycenaean Greek, 1973Cline, After 1177 BC: The Survival of Civilisations, 2024Cook, Greek Painted Pottery (3rd ed.), 2013 [1960]Daniel, The Dorian Invasion: The Setting, 1948Deger-Jalkotzy, Die Erforschung des Zusammenbruchs der sogenannten mykenischen Kultur und der sogenannten Dunklen Jahrhunderte, 1991Dickinson, The Irrelevance of Greek 'Tradition', 2020Drews, The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East, 1988Ebd., The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C., 1993Finkelberg, „From Ahhiyawa to Ἀχαιοί“, 1988Foley, A Companion to Ancient Epic, 2005Hall, Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity, 1997Ebd., Hellenicity: Between Ethnicity and Culture, 2002Ebd., Dorians, 2006Ebd., A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1000–479 BC, 2014Hooker, Die griechische Rückerinnerung im Lichte neuer Forschungen, 1985Howatson, Heracleidae, 2013Jung, ΧΡΟΝΟΛΟΓΙΑ COMPARATA. Vergleichende Chronologie von Südgriechenland und Süditalien von ca. 1700/1600 bis 1000 v. u. Z., 2006Karageorghis, The Peoples of the Sea, 2005Kaser, Balkan und Naher Osten. Einführung in eine gemeinsame Geschichte, 2011Kennell, Spartans: A New History, 2010Kline, After 1177 B.C.: The Survival of Civilizations, 2024Knapp & Manning, Crisis in Context: The End of the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean, 2016Kosmin, The Land of the Elephant Kings, 2014 Kustrin & Mangan, Lasting Legacy? Spartan Life as a Germanic Educational Ideal: Karl Ortfried Müller, 2003Luraghi, The Ancient Messenians: Constructions of Ethnicity and Memory, 2008Mackenzie, Peoples, Nations and Cultures, 2005  Malkin, The Return of Odysseus, 1998 Meyer, RE, 1893Middleton, Getting Closer to the Late Bronze Age Collapse in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean, c. 1200 BC, 2024Musti, Introduzione. In: Le origini dei Greci: Dori e mondo egeo, 1985Myres, Homer and His Critics, 1954Nilsson, Poseidon und die Entstehung des griechischen Götterglaubens (Review), 1953Papadopoulos, Greece in the Early Iron Age: Mobility, Commodities, Polities, and Literacy, 2014Reinhardt, Der antike Mythos. Ein systematisches Handbuch, 2011Robertson, The Dorian Invasion and Corinthian Ritual, 1980Schnapp-Gourbeillion, L'invasion dorienne a-t-elle eu lieu?, 1986 [1982]Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, 1856Thomas, Found: The Dorians: Archaeology and Greek Linguistics at the End of the Late Bronze Age, 1978Toepffer, Achaia, RE, 1893Walter, An der Polis teilhaben, 1993Waters, Ancient Persia, 2014 Wendt, Fischer Lexikon Sprachen, 1961Brockhaus u. Dtv, Achaier, 1982

In 458 BCE, a group of foreign billionaires initiated a coup in Judea in order to exempt themselves from paying taxes. They succeeded thanks to the first edition of the Torah. Join our tribe on Patreon! Check out these cool pages on the podcast's website:Home PageWho wrote the Bible: Timeline and authorsAncient maps: easy to follow maps to see which empire ruled what and whenClick here to see Exodus divided into "sources" according to the Documentary Hypothesis The podcast is written, edited and produced by Gil Kidron

Welcome to a journey into the mind and the mystic. Today, I'm thrilled to introduce Dr. Shauheen Etminan, a visionary who marries the ancient wisdom of Eastern medicine with the cutting-edge discoveries of modern science.As the founder of Ancestral Magi and VCENNA, Dr. Etminan is at the forefront of exploring how sacred plants and their psychoactive compounds, particularly beta-carbolines, can revolutionize our approach to mental health. These compounds, found in plants like Espand, also known as Syrian rue, have been used ceremonially for millennia to enhance mindfulness, promote longevity, and foster deep spiritual experiences.In our discussion we will talk about how these ancient practices are supported by modern neuroscience, creating potent natural supplements that maintain legal status while offering profound therapeutic benefits.Join us as we uncover the secrets of ancestral botanicals and how they transform our understanding of well-being and consciousness and as we decode the mystic messages of the past to navigate the complexities of the modern world.In my conversation with Dr. Shauheen, you'll discover:00:28 Exploring Ancestral Botanicals02:08 The Vision of Humanity 2.003:26 Dr. Etminan's Journey05:04 From Engineering to Social Entrepreneurship07:19 Founding Vecena and Psychedelic Research14:03 The Ancient Potion Homa21:52 The Role of Beta Carbolines26:59 The Mystical Experience of Beta Carbolines31:13 Exploring the Dreaming State and Telepathy32:33 Eastern Mysticism vs. Shamanic Mysticism35:34 Beta Carbolines and Neuroprotection38:10 The Science of Sleep and Memory43:50 Sufi Whirling Meditation and Neuroscience49:36 Ancestral Magite: Products and Benefits57:41 Closing Thoughts and Future DirectionsResources mentioned:Ancestral MagiGuest's social handles:LinkedInInstagramP.S. If you enjoy this episode and feel it helps to elevate your life, please give us a rating or review. And if you feel others may benefit from this podcast as well, spread the word, share and help grow our tribe of Superhumans. When we help heal One, we help heal All. Much gratitude and love.Yours,Ariane

Tonight, we'll read about the history of bread-making in Europe and America, from “The History of Bread”, written by John Ashton and published in 1905. Snoozecast first aired this story back in 2020. The text mentions windmills, which in the past were structures built to harness wind power to perform strenuous tasks, specifically they were well know for milling grain. But one of the earliest working windmill designs was found in Ancient Persia and used to both pump water and grind grain. Windmills were adopted throughout late medieval and early modern European times. At their peak, Europe contained an estimated 200,000 windmills in the year 1850. With the Industrial Revolution, they were eventually replaced by steam mills and internal combustion engines. — read by 'V' — Sign up for Snoozecast+ to get expanded, ad-free access by going to snoozecast.com/plus! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Ellie Woodacre interviews Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones on his new book The Cleopatras. The Forgotten Queens of Egypt, published by Wildfire/Basic Books in May 2024. We discuss the need for this book which looks at all seven of the Cleopatras who were dynamic and fascinating co-rulers of Ptolemaic Egypt. We also discuss the particular dynamics of Ptolemaic rulership and the ways in which it brought together elements of Macedonian and Egyptian ideas of rule. In addition, we talk about how these women were 'goddess queens' who were worshipped both in their own time and after their death and how they used this quasi-divine status to enhance their power.Guest Bio: Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones is Professor in Ancient History at Cardiff University. His research concentrates, in the main, on the Persian empire, the ancient Near East, and the Hellenistic world. He also works on gender and reception history. Lloyd has published extensively, often with a focus on monarchy and court society. Recent books include King and Court in Ancient Persia (Edinburgh University Press, 2013), The Hellenistic Court (Classical Press of Wales, 2016), Persians: the Age of the Great Kings (Wildfire/Basic Books, 2022), Kleopatra Thea and Kleopatra III. Sister-Queens in the High-Hellenistic Period (Routledge, 2022), and Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I.B. Tauris, 2023). 

In Persia, ink-black nights are lit by stars, antique street lamps, and the flicker of age-old fairy tales that bestow mystery, magic, and adventure. It is an ancient, sacred, and exotic place—a mix of rare and mystical, like the fragrance in the air of Jasmine, rose, and oud, which transports you there. Ancient Persia is a land that evokes self-surrender as lanterns adorned with shimmering jewels illuminate the cobblestone pathways, casting a soft glow upon the majestic palaces and bustling marketplaces. Under the mystical cloak of a Persian night, where the moon hangs like a silver lantern in the velvet sky, tales of enchantment weave through the air like wisps of fragrant incense. Secrets of the magical Genie are whispered on the breeze, promising wonders beyond imagination. In these bewitching hours, when the stars wink knowingly and the jasmine-scented air hums with anticipation, magic carpet rides become a reality, carrying intrepid souls on journeys through time, space and enchanting realms. With genies as guides, their laughter echoing in the star-strewn heavens, adventurers are swept into realms of dreams and destiny, where every wish is a shimmering jewel awaiting discovery. The air is perfumed with exotic spices and blooming roses, weaving a tapestry of fragrance that dances on the breeze. Tall minarets rise like slender towers towards the heavens, adorned with intricate carvings and shimmering mosaics that catch the setting sun's light. Cobblestone streets wind through bustling bazaars, where merchants peddle their wares amidst a kaleidoscope of colours and sounds. Ornate palaces with domed rooftops and arched doorways stand as silent sentinels of a bygone era, their walls adorned with intricate arabesques and delicate tilework that glimmer in the soft glow of lantern light. And amidst it all, the call to prayer echoes through the evening air, an angelic melody that speaks of centuries of faith and devotion. Persia is a land of timeless beauty and ancient magic, where every corner holds a story waiting to be told.   DO NOT DRIVE OR OPERATE MACHINERY WHILST LISTENING TO RELAXATION AND MEDITATION MUSIC, BINAURAL BEATS OR GUIDED SLEEP RELAXATIONS. This work is not intended to substitute for professional medical or counselling advice. If you suffer from a physical or mental illness, please always seek professional help. All meditations, soundscapes and sleep stories are written and produced by Claire Charters from www.botanicaltrader.com and www.theomcollective.org

In this episode, Professor Almut Hintze sheds light on the ancient and mysterious religion of Zoroastrianism. For over two millennia, it was one of the world's most practiced religions until the arrival of Islam in the seventh century led to its rapid decline. Today, just 120,000 adherents remain worldwide. Come with us as we dive into Zoroastrianism: Exploring Avestan, the 'Language of God' still used in prayers today, despite its meaning being long forgotten. Discover the ritual complexity of The Yasna and the lighting of 12 Sacred Flames, each kindled from a different source. We also follow the sad history of modern Zoroastrians, a shrinking minority in their homeland of Iran. Professor Hintze's dedication to preserving and cataloguing ancient rituals and their meanings is a testament to her commitment to preserving this fascinating piece of human history. Join us as we discuss the history, rituals and language of one of the worlds oldest religions Help support the show on Patreon! Sources and Attributions on our website. Professor Hintze's brief introduction to Zoroastrianism A recording of the full, transcribed Yasna ritual Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this week's episode, we're heading over to Ancient Persia to look at another legendary bird - the Simurgh! How does this monster relate to the Greek Phoenix? How does it get its immortality? Find out this week!Support the showYou can find us on -Myth Monsters Website: https://mythmonsters.co.ukSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5RPGDjM...Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast...Google Podcasts: ...

What if a pathway existed to seamlessly connect the realms of Eastern and Western spirituality? As we delve into history, tracing the footsteps along the ancient Silk Road trade routes spanning over 3000 years, we uncover a unique convergence of spiritual wisdom. Within this historical tapestry, Ancient Persia emerges as a pivotal connection point, embodying the heritage of Zoroastrianism—a profound bridge between the spiritual traditions of the East and West.  In this episode with tantric monk and philosopher Alexander Bard, we explore the enduring influence of Zoroastrianism, a 3700-year-old religion that serves as a profound connection between these two worlds. We delve deep into the teachings, practices, and philosophy of Zoroaster, and the impact they could have on our modern nihilistic society that finds itself in a crisis of meaning. From embracing psychedelics to the timeless struggle between good and evil, Bard challenges you to rethink the essence of spirituality.  This episode is sponsored by: MUD/WTR Go to MUDWTR.com/amp to save $20 on your subscription and claim your freebies.  SACRED HUNTING Go to ⁠www.sacredhunting.com/ ⁠and mention Aubrey's name/podcast for $250 off | Connect with Alexander Bard | Twitter | X | @bardissimo Instagram | www.instagram.com/alexanderbard123/ Facebook | www.facebook.com/alexander.bard ⁠⁠⁠⁠To partner with the Aubrey Marcus Podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠ | Connect with Aubrey | Website | ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2GesYqi ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram | ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2BlfCEO ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook | ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2F4nBZk ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Twitter |⁠⁠⁠⁠ http://bit.ly/2BlGBAdAd⁠⁠⁠⁠ Check out "Own your Day, Own Your Life" by Aubrey Marcus | ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2vRz4so⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to the Aubrey Marcus newsletter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.aubreymarcus.com/pages/email⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to the Aubrey Marcus podcast: iTunes | ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://apple.co/2lMZRCn ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Spotify |⁠⁠⁠⁠ https://spoti.fi/2EaELZO ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Stitcher | ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2G8ccJt ⁠⁠⁠⁠ IHeartRadio | ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://ihr.fm/3CiV4x3 ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Google Podcasts | ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bit.ly/3nzCJEh ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Android | ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bit.ly/2OQeBQg⁠

Shauheen Etminan, PhD, is the co-founder of VCENNA, a CNS drug discovery biotech company inspired by the ethnobotany and wisdom of ancestral medicinal practices for mental wellness treatment. Born and raised in Iran, Shauheen's heritage and background in chemical engineering fueled his interest in studying the intersection of plants, chemicals, religion and ancient wisdom. In this episode of Plants of the Gods, join us as Dr. Mark Plotkin and Dr. Shauheen Etminan discuss the fascinating history of mind-altering substances in Zoroastrianism.

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/jewish-studies

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/middle-eastern-studies

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biblical-studies

The Book of Esther, one of the historical books in the Torah and the Old Testament, is known as a story of community, discrimination, and human ingenuity. It's core to the Jewish holiday of Purim, with singing, feasting, and other merriment. And it's unique as one of the few books in the Bible that doesn't mention God. At all. But it's also useful as a historical document, as Lloyd Llewellyn Jones writes in his most recent book, Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I. B. Tauris, 2023). While not perhaps entirely accurate, the book refers to political divisions, court customs, and gender politics that align with what we know about Ancient Persia. In this interview, Lloyd and I talk about the Book of Esther, what it tells us about Persian history, and whether other parts of the Bible might act as good historical sources. Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones holds the chair in ancient history at Cardiff University and is the director of the Ancient Iran Program for the British Institute of Persian Studies. He has published widely on ancient history. His other books include Persians: The Age of the Great Kings (Basic Books: 2022), Designs on the Past: How Hollywood Created the Ancient World (Edinburgh University Press: 2018), and Aphrodite's Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (Classical Press of Wales: 2004). You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/asian-review

Women in ancient Persia had more rights and greater freedom than any other ancient civilization including, according to some scholars, even ancient Egypt which is famous for its respect for the feminine principle in religion as well as daily life. Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/whencyclopedia Original Article: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1493/twelve-great-women-of-ancient-persia/

Women in ancient Persia were not only highly respected but, in many cases, considered the equals of males. Women could own land, conduct business, received equal pay, could travel freely on their own, and in the case of royal women, hold their own council meetings on policy. Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/whencyclopedia Original Article: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1492/women-in-ancient-persia/

In this week's episode, we're looking at the wonderful Peri from Islamic and Persian folklore! Why do these fairies get excluded from paradise? How can you convince one to marry you? Find out this week! Support the showYou can find us on -Myth Monsters Website: https://mythmonsters.co.ukSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5RPGDjM...Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast...Google Podcasts: ...

The Koren Tanakh Graphic Novel: Esther (Koren, 2023) contains the complete unabridged Hebrew text of Megillat Esther, and is suitable for use on Purim and for year-round study and enjoyment. Recommended for adults and older youth. The creative team of writer/producer Jordan B. Gorfinkel and Israeli illustrator Yael Nathan fully immerses you in the vivid world of Shushan, royal court of Ancient Persia. Matthew Miller is a graduate of Yeshivat Yesodei HaTorah. He studied Jewish Studies and Linguistics at McGill for his BA and completed an MA in Hebrew Linguistics at Queen Mary University of London. He works with Jewish organizations in media and content distribution, such as TheHabura.com and RabbiEfremGoldberg.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The Koren Tanakh Graphic Novel: Esther (Koren, 2023) contains the complete unabridged Hebrew text of Megillat Esther, and is suitable for use on Purim and for year-round study and enjoyment. Recommended for adults and older youth. The creative team of writer/producer Jordan B. Gorfinkel and Israeli illustrator Yael Nathan fully immerses you in the vivid world of Shushan, royal court of Ancient Persia. Matthew Miller is a graduate of Yeshivat Yesodei HaTorah. He studied Jewish Studies and Linguistics at McGill for his BA and completed an MA in Hebrew Linguistics at Queen Mary University of London. He works with Jewish organizations in media and content distribution, such as TheHabura.com and RabbiEfremGoldberg.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/jewish-studies

The Koren Tanakh Graphic Novel: Esther (Koren, 2023) contains the complete unabridged Hebrew text of Megillat Esther, and is suitable for use on Purim and for year-round study and enjoyment. Recommended for adults and older youth. The creative team of writer/producer Jordan B. Gorfinkel and Israeli illustrator Yael Nathan fully immerses you in the vivid world of Shushan, royal court of Ancient Persia. Matthew Miller is a graduate of Yeshivat Yesodei HaTorah. He studied Jewish Studies and Linguistics at McGill for his BA and completed an MA in Hebrew Linguistics at Queen Mary University of London. He works with Jewish organizations in media and content distribution, such as TheHabura.com and RabbiEfremGoldberg.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

The Koren Tanakh Graphic Novel: Esther (Koren, 2023) contains the complete unabridged Hebrew text of Megillat Esther, and is suitable for use on Purim and for year-round study and enjoyment. Recommended for adults and older youth. The creative team of writer/producer Jordan B. Gorfinkel and Israeli illustrator Yael Nathan fully immerses you in the vivid world of Shushan, royal court of Ancient Persia. Matthew Miller is a graduate of Yeshivat Yesodei HaTorah. He studied Jewish Studies and Linguistics at McGill for his BA and completed an MA in Hebrew Linguistics at Queen Mary University of London. He works with Jewish organizations in media and content distribution, such as TheHabura.com and RabbiEfremGoldberg.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biblical-studies

Nestled in the picturesque rolling hills of the De Portola Wine Trail – the famed ‘Wine Row” of Southern California's spectacular Temecula Valley wine country – Fazeli Cellars soars as a state-of-the-art winery offering a combination of stunning architecture, breathtaking scenic beauty and the finest selection of boutique wines the region has to offer.Bizhan “BJ” Fazeli fulfilled a life-long passion in the acquisition and development of his Temecula vineyards/winery. Since its first vintage in 2006, Fazeli Cellars today boasts more than 20 varietals of boutique wines from Cabernet Sauvignon to Sauvignon Blanc, Petite Sirah to Mourvedre, and Viognier to Chardonnay that have earned numerous prestigious festival competition awards – and the loyalty of enthusiasts across the region.BJ built Fazeli Cellars to reflect pride for his own rich cultural heritage. The result is a unique combination of Modern Moorish architecture and ambiance that honors ancient Persian traditions, while paying tribute to the contemporary character of California as is reflected on the back label of all his wines “Ancient traditions of Persia rooted in the modern expression of California.”Wine tasting and dining are enjoyed in a luxurious setting where panoramic windows overlook Temecula's spectacular vistas. Grand-scale events are presented with exquisite flair in Fazeli Cellars' extraordinary banquet facilities. And wedding ceremonies – a Fazeli Cellars and Winery mainstay – are lovingly conducted in magnificent park-like surroundings against a backdrop of Temecula Valley's dazzling splendor. The winery also houses Baba Joon's kitchen – Fazeli Cellars' A-rated Persian-Mediterranean inspired lunch destination.Exquisite, award-winning world-class boutique wines…superb dining in an airy atmosphere…luxurious settings for an unforgettable wine-tasting experience… unparalleled wedding grounds and wedding event facilities…and a state-of-the-art banquet hall for large-scale private or corporate events to public concerts – Fazeli Cellars is a valley jewel located in one of Southern California's most majestic travel getaway destinations.What began as a family day trip in 2001 has burgeoned into one of the Temecula Wine Region's most prestigious and celebrated wineries. When BJ and his family originally toured the Temecula Valley, it was just for a relaxing day trip to explore the local wine country and at the time no one in the Fazeli family could have imagined that this simple getaway would serve as the beginning of a life-changing adventure.The Fazeli's fell in love with the Valley and purchased land to grow some grapes and maybe make a little wine however, BJ Fazeli has never understood the meaning of the word “little”. Connecting with his Persian ancestry, BJ Fazeli chose the Shiraz grape as the benchmark grape for his winery. From there, Fazeli Cellars' commitment to excellence has transformed his winery into home for high quality wines that pay homage to the rich cultural heritage of Ancient Persia – with roots firmly planted in modern Southern California.Originating from his native Persia (now Iran), BJ Fazeli's entrepreneurial acumen propelled his career as a pioneering executive in direct response marketing where he founded one of the industry's most successful businesses, as well as launched art galleries and a successful restaurant in London. Through it all, Fazeli Cellars is BJ's crowning achievement, a glowing tribute to his rich heritage and love for his Southern Californian home.What started out as a hobby became a passion – and passion became Fazeli Cellars.

Did you know there's not a single mention of God, prayer, or prophets in the Book of Esther? So how did this entertaining tale of beauty contests, banquets, and impaled bad guys make it into the Hebrew Bible? Special guest Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones joins Helen and Dave to discuss the ancient Persian origins of the Book of Esther. Join the Time Travelers Club!Support the podcast and get special perks like bonus content and the ability ask your questions on air. Learn more about the Time Travelers Club. Theme music written and performed by Dave Roos

For this week, we're heading over to Ancient Persia for the wonderful Karkadann! What are the key differences between this monster and the European Unicorn? Why can't they just call it a rhino? Find out this week!Support the showYou can find us on -Myth Monsters Website: https://mythmonsters.co.ukSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5RPGDjM...Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast...Google Podcasts: ...

In this episode I interview John Ghazvinian, author of "American and Iran", where we talk about the surprising history of American-Iranian relations by beginning in 1720, and continue all the way through the circuitous and, sometimes tortuous, path that is the history of these two remarkable nations.We look at the foundations for American interest in Iran; the growth of Iranian fascination with American democracy; the fascinating dual character of Iran as both the inheritor of Ancient Persia and Cyrus the Great, on the one hand, and as a Muslim nation, on the other hand; the role that religion played as a motor for progress in both the Constitutional Revolution of 1905 and the Iranian Revolution of 1979; and, finally, we consider the future of American-Iranian relations.

Grandpa Bill today talks about Your Aura, in Part two of our energy healing+ shows. Ancient Persia had their own word for the human aura, the literal translation of the word is glory. Related words in the ancient world refer to peace, happiness, abundance, and fortune. Life is an extremely difficult journey. You can seemingly make all of the right decisions... ...only to have nothing come your way. You work your job, do it well, come home and think about your present life and may ask yourself-what am I doing , and is this how I want my life to be? This is my next series of topics regarding Manifestation https://bhsales.vpweb.com/default.html? --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bhsales/message

The story of Esther is a fascinating real life drama that took place in Ancient Persia. But what can we take away from the life of this young queen and the thrilling events that have unfolded?  On this episode of The Verdict, Pastor John Munro shares three important lessons that we can apply to our own lives.

Come back to Ancient Persia with me in this week's episode, as we're looking at the terrifying Manticore! How did you (attempt) to kill this monster? How has it been linked to the Greeks? Find out this week!Support the show

Producer Sam is back at it again! This is What's Making News, with some of the weirdest and strangest stories from all over the globe. From Netflix to Tequila at a Kindergarten, tune in every day between 12pm-4pm.

Curious about the contents of this episode? Be careful, sometimes curiosity kills the cat! "In Ancient Persia" is an all-time classic Barks story, in which Donald and the kids are shanghaied into accompanying a mad scientist...or is he? oh yeah, he definitely is...on strange and creepy expedition to uncover an ancient secret. This is certainly one of Barks' creepiest stories, and is a fascinating collision between the ancient and the modern. Just like this comic bounces between spooky and goofy, we'll dive into the creepy story, but also detour into the scientist's fashion, his resemblance to Boris Karloff, and Spider-man memes. Oh, and go ahead, judge that book by its cover!

Did you know that the ancient Persian religion of Zoroastrianism is still alive? Dr. John Tidmarsh tells us all about some lesser-known Persians including Persian women, the Zoroastrian religion and whether he thought Xerxes was actually mad or not, along with more of your questions! Dr. John Tidmarsh is both a medical doctor and holds a PhD in archaeology. He is a co-director of the University of Sydney's excavations at Pella in Jordan and co-director of the ANU/ University of Melbourne excavations at Jebel Khalid in Syria. He has previously excavated in Greece and Cyprus. His main areas of interest are the archaeology of Alexander the Great's conquests, the Hellenistic Period in the Near East and Asia, and the Islamic world. Join us on Patreon for Exclusive benefits! https://www.patreon.com/whencyclopedia Check out our website for great articles and interactive content! https://www.worldhistory.org Find our audio articles here! https://pod.co/ancient-history-encyclopedia The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on: https://www.ancientlyre.com https://open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A Check out Michael's new album! https://open.spotify.com/album/6JR9aABOWMwTa5TsZpEyFS?si=HU15jgeTTZmmsEnaEF1qvg

The origins of Cyrus the Great (c. 600-530 BC), the first king of the Persian Empire, are shrouded in myth. The best known story, related by the Greek historian Herodotus, weaves a tale of intrigue in the lands of Media and Persia, ruled by the tyrannical king Astyages. When Astyages is visited by ominous dreams connected to the birth of his grandson Cyrus, a deadly plot is set in motion that leads ultimately to Cyrus' rise as the leader of the vastest empire yet seen. A story from the ancient Mediterranean world, adapted from Herodotus' Histories (Book 1, 107-130) featuring: Cyrus the Great, Astyages, Harpagus, Mithridates, Spaco, Mandane, Cambyses --- CREDITS: Music by Kevin McLeod and Dan-O Episode Thumbnail Images: Portrait of Cyrus the Great, inspired by a relief sculpture at Pasargad, Iran / The Tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargad, Iran WDS Logo Image: Kylix with Apollo playing the lyre and pouring a libation: c. 470 BC, Delphi Archeological Museum --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

In this episode of Wassup Conversations, I had a chat with Jordan Mechner, the original creator of Prince of Persia about his new book "Samak the Ayyar A Tale of Ancient Persia". The story of the book is a wonderful adventure in ancient Persia.We talked about Jordan's life and career, the past and the legacy of Prince of Persia, Assassin's Creed and his love of Persian mythology. You can read more about "Samak the Ayyar" and purchase it from this link:http://cup.columbia.edu/book/samak-the-ayyar/9780231198790Wassup Conversations is on YouTube and all the major podcast streaming services. Access via this link:https://www.nikoofarmusic.com/wassupPlease consider donating to Wassup Conversations via this link:https://www.nikoofarmusic.com/support-and-donationsHamidreza Nikoofar's Twitter:https://twitter.com/HRNikoofarThe video is done by:https://twitter.com/itsemadameriFollow Jordan on Twitter:https://twitter.com/jmechnerSupport the show (https://www.nikoofarmusic.com/support-and-donations)

We talk about the origin of war games and their evolution to Dungeon and Dragons. We discuss how the creation of the Dungeon Master created and infinite and limitless world, that allowed people to play in the fictional worlds they loved. This episode has a treasure room addition for our Patreons @ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/FloreFantasyandLore Email:   FloreFantasyAndLore@gmail.com Facebook:  https://www.facebook.com/Flore-Fantasy-and-Lore-100356535213434 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHY5X5UdWTS_cESm

Alexander the Accursed's conquest of Persia, not only shocked the world but devastated it. In the blink of an eye the young Greek warlord changed the world. After Alexander's unexpected death his generals tried to stabilize what he left behind. This episode discusses the successor states of the Achaemenid Empire, the Seleucids, the Parthians and the Sassanids. Finally after 1,300 years of struggle Iran finds its identity again, Right before Muhammad the prophet of God changes Iranian culture forever.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/abriefhistory?fan_landing=true)

The second half of the Persian Achaemenid Empire not only set the template for how all future empires would rule, it also set the template for how they would fall. Constant warfare, a populace that over the centuries lost its sense of itself and leaders obsessed with power would lead to its eventual downfall. A man would rise in the west, a man who idolized Cyrus the Great; Alexander was coming for the Empire.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/abriefhistory?fan_landing=true)

In this episode we discuss the first superpower the world has seen, The Persian Achaemenid. Founded by Cyrus the Great, a cult figure in Iran even still today, roughly 2,500 years after his death. Cyrus laid the foundation for how all empires after his Persian Empire would rule, he set the template for centralized bureaucratic administration. Making a cameo are the Ancient Greeks, whose culture and history were often at odds and even envious of the Persian Empire it later eclipsed.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/abriefhistory?fan_landing=true)

Roxana of Bactria was the wife of Alexander the Great, but that's all she's remembered for, she is just a footnote in Alexander's story. Not to mention her reputation gets worse after Alexander died, but I'm going to tell the story from her point of view, because she is not what history tells us. Support this podcast: https://t.co/rHVVdHBtuf Works Cited 7, Kidar Udar on August, et al. “Alexander The Great's India Campaign - Some Lore and Some Facts.” Indian Defence Review, 31 July 2020, www.indiandefencereview.com/alexander-the-greats-india-campaign-some-lore-and-some-facts/. “Alexander IV.” Livius, www.livius.org/articles/person/alexander-iv/. “The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East.” Google Books, Google, books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gDPgh3IQumAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA295&dq=scholarly+articles+roxana+of+bactria&ots=LyaA3DFIa9&sig=b1Apk5_siqfUWAdg653vLPR8URY. Barksdale, Nate. “8 Surprising Facts about Alexander the Great.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 13 May 2014, www.history.com/news/eight-surprising-facts-about-alexander-the-great. Crabben, Jan van der. “Bactria.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 31 Oct. 2020, www.ancient.eu/Bactria/. Darrin, Dr., and Dr. Darrin. “Education in Ancient Persia.” Educational Research Techniques, 2 May 2018, educationalresearchtechniques.com/2018/06/13/education-in-ancient-persia/. Garvey, Patrick. “Were Alexander the Great and Hephaestion Lovers?” Ancient Heroes, Ancient Heroes, 1 Mar. 2016, ancientheroes.net/blog/alexander-hephaestion-lovers. History.com Editors. “Persian Empire.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 25 Jan. 2018, www.history.com/topics/ancient-middle-east/persian-empire. MadMonarchist. “Consort Profile: Queen Roxane.” The Mad Monarchist, 1 Jan. 1970, madmonarchist.blogspot.com/2010/09/consort-profile-queen-roxane.html. Newshand, Miss. “All about Roxana of Bactria – The Wife of Alexander the Great.” National Views, 30 Sept. 2020, nationalviews.com/roxana-of-bactria-alexander-wife-history-facts-background. “Oxyartes.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyartes. “The Persian Empire: Culture and Society.” TimeMaps, 28 Nov. 2018, www.timemaps.com/encyclopedia/persian-empire-culture-society/. “Roxana.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxana. “Roxana.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/biography/Roxana. Szczepanski, Kallie. “Have You Ever Wondered Where Bactria Is?” ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/where-is-bactria-195314. Wasson, Donald L. “Roxanne.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 30 Oct. 2020, www.ancient.eu/Roxanne/. “Zoroastrianism.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism#:~:text=Zoroastrianism or Mazdayasna is one,monotheism/monism, and polytheism.

Dogs in Ancient Persia written by Joshua J. Mark and narrated by DW Draffin: https://ancient.eu/article/1482/dogs-in-ancient-persia/ Find it on YouTube: www.youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiq…ddleAges/featured The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on: www.ancientlyre.com open.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8…IH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9 www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8A If you like our audio articles, please support us by becoming a member or donating to our non-profit company: - www.ancient.eu/membership/ - www.ancient.eu/donate/ - www.patreon.com/ahe Dogs have been an integral aspect of the human condition in virtually every world culture for thousands of years. Some of the greatest civilizations of the past have kept dogs as companions, for various chores, and featured dogs in their art, literature, and elevated them to important positions in religious belief and, among these, were the Persians. The dog was highly valued in ancient Persia as they were considered part-wild, part-human, and part-divine, a gift from the gods.

On this week's episode of Anthroposophy Today, Scott and Sarita talk about the Waldorf fifth grade classroom! Join us for this conversation and check out our blog post (link below) to hear Scott and Sarita discuss, among other things: The new subjects that are introduced in fifth grade Why history and geography are taught separately and what contrasting effects they have on the children History of Ancient India, including a study of the vedas and Bhagavad-Gita Goethean observation “Emotions” versus “feelings” History of Ancient Persia, based on the literature, poems, and prayers of that time History of Ancient Egypt: the art, hieroglyphics, stories of the gods, and a recitation in Ancient Egyptian of a prayer to Isis that the fifth graders love The reason why history is studied in the Waldorf grade school with a focus on the literature, art, and culture of that time History of Ancient Greece: the beauty of the Ancient Greeks and the Greek Olympics (which the children will experience by partaking in a mock Olympic games at the end of the year!) And as a bonus, a brief digression on the subject of karma and reincarnation from an Anthroposophical standpoint: discussing the dual figure of Judah the Macabee/Judas Don't forget to check out our blog post for more information on today's episode, and if you have any questions or feedback, feel free to contact us at: anthroposophytodaypodcast@gmail.com Thanks for listening! — BLOG POST: www.anthroposophytoday.com/episodes/s1-ep6-fifth-grade WEBSITE: www.anthroposophytoday.com Host: Scott Fishman Co-host: Sarita Jimenez-Fishman https://www.instagram.com/saritafishman/ Producer: Sarena Fishman Jimenez www.sarenafishman.com https://www.instagram.com/sarenafishman/ Cover Art: Solomon Fishman

Alexander III, king of the ancient state of Macedon aka Macedonia - one of history’s greatest military commanders. And he was even more than that. He was also a scholar, a lover of literature and the arts, a deeply religious man. Undefeated in battle, he unleashed his army on countries great and small to forge an empire that stretched over three continents, from Greece to India and as far south as Egypt. He did all this in a little more than a decade after taking power at the age of twenty, until his untimely death at thirty-two. Alexander the Great was so great at destroying his opponents, his military tactics and strategies are still studied in military academies today.... over twenty-three centuries later. In a culture that valued war over all else, Alexander prevailed by being the best at conquering. He did whatever was necessary to win - and sometimes things that maybe weren’t so necessary. Entire cities were sometimes destroyed, priceless artifacts obliterated, all according to Alexander’s mercurial will. What made Alexander so great? We attempt to answer that question and more in today’s ancient and bloody and interesting as Hell edition of Timesuck. Donated $7000 to the SBP. Founded in 2006 by a couple in St. Bernard Parish, its model is focused on streamlining the recovery process, which includes quickly rebuilding homes and restoring local businesses, and supporting policies that aid long-term recovery. Go to https://sbpusa.org/ to donate, volunteer, or find out more. Watch the Suck on YouTube: https://youtu.be/XrizDgKqhTc Merch  - https://badmagicmerch.com/   Discord! https://discord.gg/tqzH89v COTC private FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/cultofthecurious/ For all merch related questions: https://badmagicmerch.com/pages/contact Please rate and subscribe on iTunes and elsewhere and follow the suck on social media!! @timesuckpodcast on IG and http://www.facebook.com/timesuckpodcast Wanna become a Space Lizard? We're over 9500 strong! Click here: https://www.patreon.com/timesuckpodcast  Sign up through Patreon and for $5 a month you get to listen to the Secret Suck, which will drop Thursdays at Noon, PST. You'll also get 20% off of all regular Timesuck merch PLUS access to exclusive Space Lizard merch. You get to vote on two Monday topics each month via the app. And you get the download link for my new comedy album, Feel the Heat. Check the Patreon posts to find out how to download the new album and take advantage of other benefits See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A Story Club: Global Politics S1 E5streamed live on FB from the US (San Francisco), India (Dehra Dun) and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean, Thursdays 12pm EDT | 9am PDT | 9:30pm ISTHave we fundamentally misunderstood Iran?How many of us understand that Iran is Ancient Persia, one of the greatest empires and civilizations in world history – at least equivalent to Greece and Rome, but perhaps closer to India and China in its longevity and importance.When the Shah of Iran was overthrown in 1979, that had put to end a royal dynasty that was over 2,500 years old, stretching back to the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great. Persia (Iran) has been a great centre of architecture, the arts, poetry, music, science and civilization for millennia. Its language dominated the educated classes of the region from Turkey in the West to Muslim India in the East, like Latin did in Europe, or Greek in the Mediterranean world.In addition, Iran means “Land of the Aryans”. This gives it very close ancient ties to India and the Indo-Aryan culture and language family, which stretches from India to Europe, and now over the whole world because of the English language.Despite the current Iranian regime's fundamentalism, ordinary Iranians remain a fundamentally modern and open people.Has it been wrongly blamed for global Islamic terrorism and jihad, which are more closely tied to extremists in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan? What role can it play in play in countering the violently fanatic currents of Wahhabism, Salafism and Debandism out of these other places?Join me, Dr. Kirk Meighoo, to discuss these issues with Jason Reza Jorjani, an Iranian American philosopher and theorist and author of Prometheus and Atlas, Lovers of Sophia, World State of Emergency, and Iranian Leviathan: A Monumental History of Mithra's Abode   

He is required reading at West Point, and yet less known outside the Military world... In today's Podcast with Emily Baragwanath, the Associate Professor of Classics at The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill we discuss Xenophon – who he was, why we should know about him and why we don’t… We also discuss his very unusual depiction of women.For more information about Classical Wisdom's Podcast Classical Wisdom Speaks, please check out our website at: http://classicalwisdom.comInterested in learning more? Get a FREE E-book on "Money, Gold and the End of an Empire" Here: https://classicalwisdom.com/free-e-book-money-gold-endofanempire/Get our Latest Magazine - dedicated to Ancient Persia - with our Classical Wisdom Litterae Magazine subscription Here: https://classicalwisdom.com/product/classical-wisdom-litterae-magazine-subscription/

Dane misses the high note on his SciFi-adjacent Song of the Day to Check Out, from a band that focuses a lot on technocratic dystopias, shares a lesson from the Yale course On Grand Strategy (that's the type of strategy you need to conquer the world), talks about Xerxes's big blunder in Ancient Greece and whether Donald Trump is a "Fox" or a "Hedgehog." With Laughs along the way! Enjoy!Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/danecurley)

Cyrus the Great is considered the "Anointed One", the originator of human rights, and ruthless conqueror. Find out the true story of the founder of the Persian Empire in this week's Classical Wisdom Speaks Episode with Stephen Dando-Collins.Stephen Dando-Collins, the award-winning author of 40 books, including Rise of an Empire, on which the major motion picture 300: Rise of an Empire was based, delves into the history of Cyrus the Great, the topic of his most recent book.Get our Latest Magazine - dedicated to Ancient Persia - with our Classical Wisdom Litterae Magazine subscription Here: https://classicalwisdom.com/product/patron-member-cww-bc-20/For more information about Classical Wisdom's Podcast Classical Wisdom Speaks, please check out our website at: http://classicalwisdom.comInterested in learning more? Get a FREE E-book on "Money, Gold and the End of an Empire" Here: https://classicalwisdom.com/free-e-book-money-gold-endofanempire/For information on Stephen's book, Cyrus the Great, please visit: https://stephendando-collins.com

With the founder, Cyrus the Great of the Persian Empire now dead, power transitioned to his son Cambyses. The transition was relatively smooth and the empire remained stable and it was business as usual. Cambyses would lead a campaign and conquer Egypt but this is where his rule took a turn for the worse and the crisis shook the Persian court.Cambyses reputation in the historical record suffered at the hands of the Egyptian priestly cast, who he was not popular with. Reports of an attempted coup from his brother or a conspiracy from the Magi, the Persian Priests, work their way into the account. Though, Cambyses would die on his way home when attempting to deal with the crisis.Power now lay with a pretender and would so for the next seven months. Another conspiracy now developed with a band of nobles who sought to bring the Empire back under the rightful ruling line. The nobles would over throw the Magi controlling power leaving the job of ruling the empire coming down to one of them. Darius would be successful in being elevated to the title of King of Persia and was at pains to show his connection to the old ruling line.Stability would return to the Empire after Darius dealt with the revoting regions of the empire. Once having full control of power Darius continue with the business of empire and expanded the territories even more. It would be in his rule that the Greek and Persian worlds would directly collide with the onset of the Greo-Persian wars, the Ionian revolt lighting the spark.

Now that we have seen the development of Sparta and Athens, two of our main players for the upcoming Greco-Persian Wars period, we need to look at a third. This time it is not a Greek city state, but an empire east across the Aegean Sea. This was the Persian Empire and would come to influence Greek affairs for centuries to come.The main empire the Greeks had contact with in the Near East during the Achcahic period was that of the Lydian Empire who controlled most of Anatolia. In the late 6th century, the Lydian’s had brought the Ionian Greek cities dotted all along the Anatolian coast into their control. Though, as powerful and wealthy as the Lydians were a great threat appeared on their eastern boarder.This threat was in the shape of the new power of Persia, who only a handful of years earlier was one of a number of Iranian groups occupying the Zagros Mountains. Events around them would see this relatively small group of peoples coming to dominate their region, before then expanding and creating the Persian Empire, which Lydia would become apart of. The founder of the Persian empire would become to be known as Cyrus the Great and like most founders there were traditional tales to explain his background and rise to greatness. In just his life time Cyrus would go onto create the largest empire the world had yet known, bringing the Greek world into direct contact with them.

Part 2 of 2 Who were the Amazons? Did they actually exist? What did historians say? What were the legends about them? Journey with host Sean Marlon Newcombe and noted archaeologist Dr. Gary Stickel as they discuss the truth of these ancient warrior women.

Who were the Amazons? Did they actually exist? What did historians say? What were the legends about them? Journey with host Sean Marlon Newcombe and noted archaeologist Dr. Gary Stickel as they discuss the truth of these ancient warrior women.

I talk about being a dad here Dads and dpads podcast- click the link fool If you have questions, suggestions or just want to talk email me at my new email address historyu.pod@gmail.com or send me a dm on twitter. If you want me to cover a specific topic let me know and I could do a listener suggested episode. Thanks as always for listening to me talk about stuff History’s dirty shorts Caution this episode is about to get gross. You’re welcome How you got sick in the old days and what they did about it. Random concerned citizen: “man I don’t feel soo good” Priestly dude: oh man you got some demons in your blood, we should probably let it out. Concerned citizen: that sounds kind of dangerous, is it safe? Priestly guy: So you think it’s safe to have demons in your blood? Concerned Citizen: You’re probably right, get that blood out I’m hot as a prostitutes ass in hell. Priestly guy: how did you know about vi.. I need some leech demon vessels, a knife and a hand drill. R.C: hand drill? Priestly D: you don’t look great they might already be in your head. Throughout centuries philosophers and scientists tried to explain the way of infectious diseases transmission. Witchcraft, demons, gods, comets, earthquakes were the first unproved theories, followed by tangible scientific ones such as miasma’s theory, contagious theory, spontaneous generation theory and germ theory till the evolution of microbiology in mid 19th century. Primitive ideas about contagiousness dealt with the general notion of transmission through contact. Epidemics were probably rare in small primitive tribes but they became terrifying events once population density increased enough to produce and sustain them. At that time people’s ignorance led to magical or religious explanations of disease, sent by the gods as punishment for their sins. Characteristically, in Ancient Persia we see an emphasis on demonology. The disease is caused by evil spirits and must be controlled by exorcism. The cult of Nergal, a demon portrayed in hymns and myths as a god of war, fever and pestilence. In 6th century BC, the pre-Socratic philosophers Pythagoras, Alcmaeon, and Empedocles inaugurated the period in science where the environment was understood to play a vital role in health and disease. A century later, Airs, waters and places of the Hippocratic texts, correlated a variety of symptoms and diseases with geographical and meteorological conditions, for example malaria, catarrh and diarrhea were believed to be due to the effect of seasonal changes on stagnant water or marshy places [6]. Such concepts survived and in time consolidated in the belief that a pathological state of the atmosphere is associated with infectious diseases and this line of thinking developed further into the miasma theory of contagion [7]. Air became contaminated with “miasmas”, poisonous vapors produced by putrefying organic matter and a person could become infected when miasmas invaded the body and disturbed its vital functions. In his manuscript. The real reason I’m here who needs demons when you have miasmas? Also, do you know how many self-published books are named miasma? Probably not why would you that would be stupid. I can tell you there are many. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/seth-michels66/support

Long ago a great many poets and mystics graced the land stretching from the Andulus to the Levant and beyond. In these enlightened medieval times several extraordinary men and women lay down a map that each of us can still follow today to escape our self-hood’s vicious tyranny and set free our soul. It is a royal way and no mind can penetrate the sovereign whom we seek. The mystery of this unending state remains forever out of reach of the intellect. So you have to leave your mind behind on this journey. And that is what we do in this guided meditation. You will pass through the seven valleys of this mystical framework. At each one shed an aspect of mind so that by the end you are ready to witness the dazzling perfection of Truth. The inspiration for this guided meditation are the great Islamic masters like Rabi'a, Ibn 'Arabi, Qadir Gilani, Jalaluddin Rumi, and above all (in this meditation) Farid Ud-Din Attar. This is a 30 minute version.Background reading:The Conference of the Birds (Farid Ud-Din Attar)The Secret of Secrets (Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani)Rab'ia of Basra: Selected PoemsI Heard God Laughing: Poems of Hope and Joy (Hafez) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The middle ages in the Islamic world witnessed an extraordinary flowering of human spiritual development. There were several extraordinary men and women lay down a map that each of us can still follow today to escape our self-hood’s vicious tyranny and set free our soul. It is a royal way and no mind can penetrate the sovereign whom we seek. The mystery of this unending state remains forever out of reach of the intellect. So you have to leave your mind behind on this journey. And that is what we do in this guided meditation. You will pass through the seven valleys of this mystical framework. At each one shed an aspect of mind so that by the end you are ready to witness the dazzling perfection of Truth. The inspiration for this guided meditation are the great Islamic masters like Rabi'a, Ibn 'Arabi, Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani , Jalaluddin Rumi, and above all (in this meditation) Farid Ud-Din Attar. This is a 45 minute version.Valley 1: The Valley of the QuestValley 2: The Valley of DesireValley 3: The Valley of the IntellectValley 4: Mystic Apprehension & DetachmentValley 5: HarmonyValley 6: BewildermentValley 7: AnnihilationBackground reading:The Conference of the Birds (Farid Ud-Din Attar)The Secret of Secrets (Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani)Rab'ia of Basra: Selected PoemsI Heard God Laughing: Poems of Hope and Joy (Hafez) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Khorasan is a region in north eastern Iran that was home to the great medieval poet Farid Ud-Din Attar. But there were many poets and mystics like him who laid down a map that each of us can still follow today to escape our self-hood’s vicious tyranny and set free our soul. It is a royal way and no mind can penetrate the sovereign whom we seek. The mystery of this unending state remains forever out of reach of the intellect. So you have to leave your mind behind on this journey. And that is what we do in this guided meditation. You will pass through the seven valleys of this mystical framework. At each one shed an aspect of mind so that by the end you are ready to witness the dazzling perfection of Truth. The inspiration for this guided meditation are the great Islamic masters like Rabi'a, Ibn 'Arabi, Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani , Jalaluddin Rumi, and above all (in this meditation) Farid Ud-Din Attar. This is a 60 minute version.Valley 1: The Valley of the QuestValley 2: The Valley of DesireValley 3: The Valley of the IntellectValley 4: Mystic Apprehension & DetachmentValley 5: HarmonyValley 6: BewildermentValley 7: AnnihilationBackground reading:The Conference of the Birds (Farid Ud-Din Attar)The Secret of Secrets (Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani)Rab'ia of Basra: Selected PoemsI Heard God Laughing: Poems of Hope and Joy (Hafez) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The land of Khorasan has a long history of spiritual seekers stretching back millenia. It was one of many locations in the region stretching from the Andulus to the Levant and beyond where the poets and mystics of old illuminated the uninitiated into the secret ways of the soul. In medieval times in particular several extraordinary men and women lay down a map that each of us can still follow today to escape our self-hood’s vicious tyranny and set free our soul. It is a royal way and no mind can penetrate the sovereign whom we seek. The mystery of this unending state remains forever out of reach of the intellect. So you have to leave your mind behind on this journey. And that is what we do in this guided meditation. You will pass through the seven valleys of this mystical framework. At each one shed an aspect of mind so that by the end you are ready to witness the dazzling perfection of Truth. The inspiration for this guided meditation are the great Islamic masters like Rabi'a, Ibn 'Arabi, Qadir Gilani, Jalaluddin Rumi, and above all (in this meditation) Farid Ud-Din Attar. This is a 20 minute version.Background reading:The Conference of the Birds (Farid Ud-Din Attar)The Secret of Secrets (Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani)Rab'ia of Basra: Selected PoemsI Heard God Laughing: Poems of Hope and Joy (Hafez) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In medieval Persia, in the land of Khorasan, a tale would be told of the seven valleys one needed to pass through to reach illumination. The poets and mystics in these ancient times enlightened the uninitiated into the secret ways of the soul. In these times several extraordinary men and women lay down a map that each of us can still follow today to escape our self-hood’s vicious tyranny and set free our soul. It is a royal way and no mind can penetrate the sovereign whom we seek. The mystery of this unending state remains forever out of reach of the intellect. So you have to leave your mind behind on this journey. And that is what we do in this guided meditation. You will pass through the seven valleys of this mystical framework. At each one shed an aspect of mind so that by the end you are ready to witness the dazzling perfection of Truth. The inspiration for this guided meditation are the great Islamic masters like Rabi'a, Ibn 'Arabi, Qadir Gilani, Jalaluddin Rumi, and above all (in this meditation) Farid Ud-Din Attar. This is a 10 minute version.Background reading:The Conference of the Birds (Farid Ud-Din Attar)The Secret of Secrets (Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani)Rab'ia of Basra: Selected PoemsI Heard God Laughing: Poems of Hope and Joy (Hafez) See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

609 BCE - 651 CE - What is Zoroastrianism and how did it originate?  Which belief systems did it influence and which belief systems existed alongside it in Iranian lands?  How did the Persian elite view and use Zoroastrianism in their respective empires?

226 - 651 CE - The rise of the Persians who would rule their own traditional lands once again, and the journey through the centuries which would lead them to the ultimate climax against the Romans at Constantinople.

329 BCE - 224 CE - Plotting the progress of the Persian Empire after its fall to Alexander the Great, and leading into the incredible and inevitable conflicts with the Romans.

522 - 329 BCE - A closer look at the dramatic stories of the empire under the rule of Darius the Great, Xerxes I and Darius III.

609 - 522 BCE - This episode will bridge the gap between the fall of the Assyrian Empire and the rise of the Achaemenid Empire including the life of Cyrus the Great.

What is the worst way to die? Ancient Persia invented many of the methods of execution used throughout history. Some are still used today. Others were so horrific they were never used again. These cruel and unusual punishments kept power in the hands of the kings and struck fear in the hearts of their enemies. Whether fact or fiction, one thing is known: it’s not death we fear. It’s the way we die that keeps us up at night.

Little Orphan Esther              Esther 2:1-20 The message is loud and clear through such things, whether spoken or not – “Unless you have ___________ beauty, you are nobody in this world.” In the Book of Esther we see that 2,500 years ago Ancient Persia had the same emphasis on the __________________ and the shallow as Modern America. The Beauty Contest to Replace Vashti                                 V. 1-4   The Future Queen’s _______________ Beginnings             V. 5-7 Esther’s real name was Hadassah – that’s her Jewish name, her Hebrew name. Hadassah means Myrtle. A Myrtle tree is a type of evergreen tree, with dark glossy leaves and white flowers. The name Hadassah speaks of God’s restoration and __________________! Esther is a Persian name, and it probably means, “_____________!”   Painting the barn                                                       V. 8-14 They had to be exactly ready for their relatively short time with the king – and they had to _________________ out to win him over.   And the winner is…Esther!                                        V. 15-20 Three times in the verses of chapter two we are told that Esther stood out among these beauties. The Sparkle of faith in a believer’s eyes is among the most _____________________ things on earth! “Charm is deceitful, and beauty is passing, but a woman who fears the Lord, she shall be praised.”                 -Proverbs 31:30   “Do not let your adornment be merely outward – arranging the hair, wearing gold, or putting on fine apparel – rather let it be the hidden person of the heart, with the incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is very precious to God.”            -I Peter 3:3-4   There’s 2 kinds of beauty according to Peter: There’s corruptible beauty, and incorruptible beauty.   As you look in the mirror ask, “God, am I beautiful ______  ______?”   Listen oh daughter, consider and incline your ear. Forget your own people also and your father’s house. The King is enthralled by your beauty. Because He is your Lord, worship Him!    -Psalm 45:10-11   Ephesians 2:8-10

Esther 2:1-8

Ammar and Calin discuss Persian from the rise of Islam to the demise of the empire in 1925.

Calin and Ammar discuss Ancient Persia's role as an underrepresented powerhouse in ancient times, detailing the some of the Persian Empire's peaks and valleys.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.   600 BCE - 600 CE Second-Wave Civilizations   Ancient Persia: 600 BCE -  Gabe - Ancient persia or the achaemenid persia which was called this because the ruler cyrus’s great great grandfather's name was achaemenid and he started as a small independant city under the medes for protection and then cyrus got in an argument with his grandfather Astyages and won taking over persia he then established a system by capturing and relocating and adding a power over every city by accomplishing this he claimed the name Cyrus the great Audrey - The Persians didn’t actually use the name “Persian”, instead they called themselves Aryans. They called where they lived Aran (there are other variations of the name) which make the modern version of the name, Iran, probably more accurate. This is similar to how the Greeks referred to their homeland as Hellas, while the name Greece was a Latin idea. Ben - Cyrus, the ruler of Persia then proceeded to conquer various empires such as the Median empire, the Lydian empire in around 540 BCE, and he eventually got his hands on the neo-babylonian empire in 539 BCE. But while Cyrus’s son Cambyses II is out trying to take hold of egypt and libya, another person comes along claiming to be bardiya, Cyrus’s second son. So Cambyses has to rush back to Persia to make sure the throne is not taken from him but dies on the way there. No one really knows how Cambyses or Cyrus died specifically though. (BTW note for other people, shahanshah is pronounced shaw-on-shaw) Ella - Cyrus was a military commander but he realized that he needed the regions he conquered to stay in good economic order if he wanted them to provide him with economic tribute revenues. To achieve his goals he left rulers in the areas that he conquered after he conquered them. Skylar - Persia was one of the greatest empire and civilization in the world. The Achaemenid empire at its peak had about 50 million people. Thats half of the people that were in the world at that time, according to historians. The Achaemenid Dynasty/empire ends when Greece unifies under Philip of Macedon in early to mid century bce. Alexander the Great wanted to mix their cultures but he dies so they split again. Emma - In ancient Mesopotamia when they conquered a nation they would break up their political and cultural systems so that they wouldn’t be a threat. Though when Cyrus came into power he switched it, allowing those he conquered to keep their separate societies in a tributary state. While it seemed like he was being kind, he most likely was trying to keep their loyalty. - Ethan - As Cambyses died in 522 BCE, he was succeeded by a general titled “Darius”. Darius claimed that he was slightly related to Cambyses II but many other people challenged Darius’s throneship. This resulted, in some places, rebellion against the Achaemenids. Darius soon made himself to be the clear ruler Persia and re established rule of the rebels. He also reorganized the empire into satrapies, and for each satrapy there would be a satrap. 600 CE Classical Greece:  Gabe - If you didnt know its called Classical Greece and Ancient Persia because Persia was in the Ancient Era and Greece is in the Classical era so Classical Greece cities were built between mountains in valleys and on coastal plain so by the sea there was a time somewhere around 1200 bce they were in this war called the trojan war there's a story of a huge horse called the trojan horse it was in these wars so in this war this guy named homer he said that people came from the sea while they were having the trojan war and they were attacking them and driving them off the coast so they built these city states called polis which were like fortified cities so the people could have protection Audrey - The Greek Peninsula has been settled by humans for thousands of years, but an important part of Greek history starts when the Mycenaean Empire falls and the Greek Dark Ages begin. It is called the “Dark Ages” because there really aren’t many historical records from that point in time, and that was around 1100-800 BC. The major events happened in the exiting of the Greek Dark Ages, and this is when things that Ancient Greece is really known for began, like the Oracle at Delphi and the Olympic Games. (if someone wants to explain these) Ben - The difference between sparta and athens was that in sparta social status wasn’t decided based on how much money you had or how smart you were, it was about your military ranking. The spartans political system was unique in that it had two kings that were from different families that ruled. But on the lower side of the political rankings was the helots. Helots were like slaves but had more freedom, helots still had families but they had to work for the state and couldn’t really do anything else. Helots were still considered owned but they were owned by the state. Helots were collected from the villages sparta pillaged. Emma - Greece’s structure was was pretty different from other societies at the time. While the desperate colonies(?) all recognized the “mother” city-state, they were all independent for the majority of the time. Their shared religion and culture was what gave them all a sense of unity. Ella - Ancient Greece was made up of many independent city states because of Greeces complicated geography. All of these communities were separated by mountains, hills, and water. Greece wasn't a unified nation, instead it was a bunch of connected communities that shared religion and beliefs. - Ethan - The kings of Sparta were priests of Zeus and they were included in a gerousia, or council of elders, which was the highest court of Sparta. Also, there was an executive committee consisting of 5 ephors which were chosen by the people, of the people. Skylar - The name Greece is not what people that live in Greece call it. They call it Hellas. Nowadays they don’t call it Greece and back in the “Ancient Greece” days they didn’t say Greece they said Hellas. The word Hellas comes from Hellen, viewed as the progenitor. The Hellastic people are the people that live in Greece. In late 6th century BCE Athens was the dominant economic power. Athens was full of wealth as silver was just founded in the mountains around the area. Athens had an amazing trading system with other Greek city-states. Trading with other city-states was super  important to Athens because it didn’t have the agricultural conditions to supply enough grain for its population. A series of laws were written and put in place by a statesman named Draco around 621 BCE. They didn’t stay too long because they were super harsh. Another man named Solon was called to change the laws, he created a series of laws that equalized political power. Hunter- Ancient Greece consisted of over hundreds of different independent city-states, somewhat due to the geography of Greece. Greece communities were separated by mountains, hills, and water. Rather than one large nation, Ancient Greece was more like a system of communities with a shared language and religion that sometimes led to a common sense of belonging.    600 BCE - 600 CE The rise and fall of empires:  Gabe - I'm going to start by saying an empire is a small city or state that claims a large amount of land which is usually broke up into provinces  empires rise and fall for different reasons they usually expand through military conquest which is how the romans the persians and the Maurya empire in india expanded but they progressed in different ways the Maurya empire political sabotage and religious conversion so the people turn against their own country Audrey - An empire forms when a ruler, that already controls some territory, gains control of more territory for whatever reason, and that could be from military tactics, a weak neighboring area or really anything like that. Once the ruler has that territory under their control, they gain land and people. With the power they now have, this ruler could tax the people for their own wealth and/or use them for a better army. The empire could then keep expanding in this way until it collapsed. Ben - After the fall of the Qin dynasty the Han empire began to rise because of all the power that was up for grabs. The Han dynasty began in 206 BCE. They revived the way of Confucianism to unite the people and give them more reasons to fight and become a larger empire. Han china started to fall in 2nd century CE and eventually reached its demise in 220 CE, it mainly fell because of a religious divide between the people and the natural disasters that caused food shortages which snowballed into a bad economy. Ella - Empires all grow for different reasons whether its strong military, political sabotage, or religious conversation, but the Romans were not out to conquer territory. They did get involved in several wars but after they defeated their enemies they would offer their victims a small amount of citizenship in return for loyalty to the Roman empire.    Emma - There are also several different factors that can lead to the fall of an empire. Each of these factors will usually reflect those that led to the rise of the empire. Things such as a economic collapse, the weakening of military forces, or the death/assassination of a leader are common causes of a fall. - Ethan - A common example of an empire falling is Persia. The Achaemenid empire had internal issues already but had structure still. In 334 BCE Alexander attacked and in 4 years general Darius the Third lied dead. He was actually killed by one of his own generals and when the throne lied empty Alexander took the reins. Skylar - The rise of empires is great everyone’s all happy, then usually right when everything gets normal, the empire falls for different reasons. Rather it’s they have no more money, they get taken over by another empire, or another reason. The Roman empire took hundreds of years to create. They had weak neighbors so it was easy for them to take over that area. Hunter-The fall of an empire can be because of an outbreak of war and rebellion, when an empire falls so does its military for a few months to years in which leaves them wide open for follow up attacks. Normally however when an empire is defeated it is overrun by the kingdom/empire that attacked. 600 BCE - 600 CE Empire of Alexander the Great:  Gabe - Alexander the great was kind of an i want everything kind of guy no but wherever he went he conquered very good at military strategy lets skip a little real quick after he died his successors made a coin with him on it with horns which were marking him as a deity which means he was a huge role model you could say a symbol of power he was the man people looked up to he was actually only 5 to round 5’8 but that was normal for them because they didn't eat as much meat as other empires. Audrey - Alexander III, better known as Alexander the Great, was 20 years old when his extremely short reign began, lasting only 12 years. For how short his reign was, Alexander was very successful, especially when it came to conquering. Just like his reign, Alexander’s life was very short, ending in 323 BC when he was only 32 years old. Some people say he died from alcohol poisoning, some say it was from direct poisoning, but it is likely that he could have died because of a disease. Ella - A man known as Philip of Macedon came to power in 359 BC. His father had previously been the king of Macedon. Both of his older brother died which left him to be a regent for his infant nephew. He eventually possessed full power and ended up taking over a large majority of Greek city-states. He went on to almost unify all of them. Ben - Philip is later killed at his daughter’s wedding, by his royal bodyguard Pausanias in 336 BCE at the capital of macedonia, Aegae. This caused his son alexander to take control of the large kingdom that philip left behind. The one who assassinated tried to run away to his associates outside but tripped on a vine and got killed by philips. bodyguards Emma - Shortly after his father’s death, Alexander was crowned king and he eliminated any potential threats to his rule. The Greek city-states were now under his control. He then began his conquest of the Persian Empire which his father Philip had been planning before his untimely demise. Skylar - in 5th century BCE Greece started with the Persian invasion and ended with Peloponnesian war. Alexander the Great was one of the most powerful conquers in human history. Alexander the Great started off by taking control over his father’s empire after his death. Alexander wanted to do what his father wanted to do before he died, which was conquer the persian empire. So he put one of his generals, Antipater in charger of Greece. Alexander leads his troops on the greatest adventures of all time. Alexander won the battle at Granicus river, then Issus, Darius the third tries to negotiate but Alexander kept saying no, he wants to be the king of Asia. Eventually darius and alexander meet at Guagamela and alexander wins again. Darius’ empire was falling and what making the falling more official is when alexander takes his troops to Achaemenid, which is the capital of Persepolis and alexander defeats them once again. - Ethan - After Alexander’s father’s death, Alexander started focusing on India. He won some battles before he made it to the Ganges River. He planned to cross the Ganges to get to the rest of India. His tired troops decided that it was to much work and that they were already tired so they refused to go. In the end they turned home, and in 323 BCE, Alexander died to, what was most likely, disease.  Hunter- In the Kingdom of Thrace, during the reign of Lysimachus- a successor of Alexander the Great who lived from 361 BCE to 323 BCE, a coin was issued. The coin had Alexander’s face with ram horns on each side of his crown, the ram horns were a symbol of an Egyption God known as Amun or Zeus, who is often combined with Amun- from whom Alexander claimed descent. Flanked with these horns, Alexander had the reputation of a Deity.     600 BCE - 600 CE Rise of Rome: 600 BCE -  Gabe - the Rome empire came to power when  a group of noblemen were like ok the king sucks he's out and so they kicked him out and made the two consuls which were two people which were pretty close to a king except one could veto the others actions this was so one person could not be oh so powerful They also split the people into plebeians and patricians which were plebeians being common folk and patricians being people of noble blood This was the roman republic    Audrey - Legend has it, Rome was named after Romulus, one of twin brothers that are abandoned and raised by a “she-wolf”. Eventually, Romulus kills Remus (his twin brother) and becomes the first king of Rome. Other historians now think that it was the other way around, that the city of rome needed a founding story, and the whole thing was just that, a story. Ben - Rome was founded in 753 BCE (even though it’s mostly a myth and most believe in was founded a little later). Rome then founds the Rome Republic, a state in central rome, making them a little more influential in 509 BCE. Then much later than that the Punic wars happened between Rome and Carthage and consisted of three wars. The first war took place from 264-241 BCE, the second from 218-201 BCE, and the third from 149-146 BCE. in total it lasted from 264 to 146. Rome ended up winning and destroying and conquering Carthage. Ella - The Romans did not plan to build an empire but it came upon them as they ran into conflict with the surrounding city-states, kingdoms, and empires. They had to find a way to use the territories they conquered.  Most of the places the Romans conquered were allowed to keep the political and cultural ways they had, the only requirement was that they provide soldiers for the Roman Empire. Emma - The politics of Rome reflected the structure of their society; it too was divided into the two social classes, patricians and plebeians. Those in the upper class were allowed to hold political office, and then become a senator, but those of the lower class were not. However, the plebeians were able gain more political influence over time. - Ethan - The political system of Rome was mainly based on military rank/power. The “Comitia Centuriata” which was named for the century, was pretty much a group of 100 soldiers. Although, this 100 person unit was the base amount of people, it was not always exact in real situations. Skylar - I’m going to talk about the Punic wars that went on between Rome and Carthage. The Punic wars consist of three major battles, The first one lasted 23 years, from 264 BCE-241 BCE. It was at Agrigentum it was over the island of Sicily. Rome wins most smaller battles. Then Carthage leaves. Rome wanted Carthage to pay them for the damages. Rome built a stronger navy. 240 to 248 BCE there was a Mercenary war. The second Punic war was between 218-201 BCE. The third and final war was between 149-146 BCE where Rome basically destroys Carthage, ending a 700 year long war. 8.Hunter- Rome went from a city in the middle of the italy peninsula to one of the strongest empires in history. 600 CE From Roman Republic to Roman Empire:  Gabe - in 27 bce a guy named augustus caesar came and was like nope im the ruler “emperor” so basically the king and he started an autocratic government which is where he was the guy who called all the shots he didn't expand rome much in his time but he did do some things that changed the political and economic structure of rome      Audrey - Gaius Julius Caesar’s life really marked the transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, even though, in his lifetime, Rome was still a republic and never actually considered an empire. The reason I say this is the unofficial time that the transition occurred is, that at the time of Julius Caesar, the Roman Republic’s structure very much resembled the structure of an empire, so it kind of seems like it already switched. Ben - Julius Caesar then illegally crosses the rubicon and most of rome’s senators choose to move over to greece. This causes a sort of civil war between rome and greece. After Julius crosses the rubicon the senators send a popular general Pompey to go fight with his soldiers but they decide to retreat because they thought julius’s army was unbeatable. Then the other senators also retreat, giving julius control of rome again. But it would be only a matter of time before the senators return to try and retake rome. Ella - Julius Caesar was assassinated, and in his will he stated that his nephew Octavian would be his adopted son. Too other men Antony and Lepidus were big supporters of Caesars and they got together with Octavian to form a triumvirate, which was known as the second triumvirate. Unlike the first triumvirate which was between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, this triumvirate had legal backing. These three men gained lots of power over the Roman republic. Emma -  The power he gained was not limited to the prolonged time in which he held office. A major part of it was that he now had complete control over the military, unlike before when the elected consuls served as commanders. He was also now the high priest, or Pontifex Maximus, and in charge of the census for taxation. He kept these powers by acting like they were still separate offices that could be held by someone else.  - Ethan - Roman money/currency wasn’t exactly economy based but politically based as well. Julius Caesar was the first emperor to put his face on currency and since then emperors of Rome have done this. Before Caesar, only deceased Romans and Roman gods were on currency. This strengthened the connection of the emperor and the economy while popularizing the current emperor. These emperors used this systems to popularize the next candidate they favored. Skylar - The Roman Empire began in 27 BCE when Augustus became the main ruler. Augustus is Julius Caesar’s adopted son. He never took the name king or emperor preferred to call himself princeps, first citizen, or primus inter pares. Augustus never expanded the territory because it was already as big as it could possibly get. 8.Hunter- The Roman Republic was a small city in Italy, after a large military growth and a gaining of power over many neighboring countries the Roman Republic quickly grew to the Roman Empire. 600 BCE - 600 CE The Roman Empire: Audrey - Pax Romana is a name that a two hundred year long time period is often referred to as, and it means “Roman Peace”. This name came from the time when Octavian was emperor, which was from 27 BCE to 180 CE. It was a relatively good time for the Roman Empire, even though there was still quite a bit of conflict it was really a pretty peaceful time hence the name. Gabe - it was a good time for the roman empire augustus caesar or Octavian had complete control over the military which was one of the ways he became the emperor But the romans liked the belief of having military governments temporary which is why He took control as a stand in governor of one of the provinces where the majority of roman legions were stationed giving him control over the military while still looking like he’s doing a favor for the people        Ella - Nero was a really bad guy. He was known for the fire in 64AD that a large amount of Romans died in. People think Nero started the fire to make room for a palace. Aside of that, he killed a lot of people including his own mom. He was also known for persecuting christians. Sometimes he would dip them in oil and set them on fire for a source of light in his garden.   Ben - After a few different anti-christian ruler come along, a new emperor decides to embrace christianity and his name was constantine. He was the first christian emperor and he even got baptised. Constantine also moves the capital more east and renames it to Constantinople. - Ethan - Augustus was followed by Tiberius who was Augustus’s step-son. Both had relatively long careers as emperors. Augustus had a career lasting close to 40 years while Tiberius had a 24 year long career. Caligula, one of Augustus’s great nephews, was viewed as a sadist. While he was emperor for a while he was quickly assassinated, he had a lot of people killed during his term of about 4 years.  Emma - After the Julio Claudian Dynasty of Rome came the Flavian Dynasty. This dynasty began in 69 AD when Vespasian was made emperor by the senate after the defeat of Vitellius. He ruled for ten years until 79 AD when he died. He was then succeeded by his oldest son, Titus. This marked the first emperor of Rome to be followed by his own son. He ruled for only two years, until 81 AD when he died from an illness. His rule was then followed by his brother Domitian who held the position from 81 to 96 AD. This dynasty was known for building the colosseum and the destruction of the second temple in Jerusalem. Skylar - One of the most important pieces from Augustan, Rome is the Ara Pacis, Ara Pacis means altar of peace. Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. The Ara Pacis was basically rebuilt from the fragments they found, some from the 17th century, but most were from the 20th century. The altar was used for sacrifices. This Altar has a political and spiritual meaning. 8.Hunter- The Roman Empire was an extremely powerful empire capturing Jerusalem, Cannan, and i believe nearly one hundred other provinces. 600 BCE - 600 CE Ancient and Imperial China: Audrey - The Shang Dynasty ended in 1046 BCE, when the Zhou (pronounced jo) Dynasty defeated the last Shang emperor, Di Xin, in the Battle of Muye. Historical records show that Di Xin had become a corrupt ruler, and the Zhous said they could only overthrow him because of the Mandate of Heaven which is an idea that if a ruler became incapable or corrupt the a guiding force in the universe would throw them out and replace them. Gabe - Zhou empire did not last long though because the provinces were giving their support to the governor basically of their providence instead of the zhou emperor so slowly the states became more powerful than the emperor himself hence the warring states period      3.Ella - The Zhou Dynasty collapsed at a slow pace over hundreds of years. As this happened, rulers of the surrounding areas gained more power than the king. This was the beginning of a period that was known as the Warring State period, which lasted from about 475 BC to 221 BC. Nearby, Qin, a western state, conquered its surrounding states and established their own dynasty. Ben - The Qin dynasty began to rise to it’s empire state in 221 BCE. The founder was Qin Shi Huang, a legalist (legalist is when law is enforced very strictly) that hated freedom of expression and freedom in general. A historian quoted him once about how he hates historians and wants all non-state historians that wrote history before Qin dynasty to be burned. “[Historians] hold it a mark of fame to defy the ruler, regard it as lofty to take a dissenting stance, and they lead the lesser officials in fabricating slander. If behavior such as this is not prohibited, then in upper circles the authority of the ruler will be compromised, and in lower ones, cliques will form. Therefore it should be prohibited. I therefore request that all records of the historians other than those of the state of Qin be burned.” - Ethan - Many differing beliefs are made vocal during this time period. 3 of which are Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Confucianism, created by Confucius, was based on reform of the status, class, and hierarchy systems. Legalism is more based off of strict laws and harsh punishments. Daoism is more of lawless following what they believe is right at the time. Emma - Confucius, or Kongzi which means Master Kong. His teachings were almost entirely based around morality and having a personal sense of right and wrong. He wasn’t really teaching specific rules of what was good or bad, rather teaching people be conscious of the intent behind their actions. Skylar - During the Warring States period in China from 475-221 BCE China was divided into seven competing nations. The fiefs were gaining more importance as the Zhou dynasty was ending and were becoming states. One of the 7 states were Qin. the other 6 states were Chu, Zhou, Wei, Han, Yan, and Qi. The first leader of Qin was King Zheng, later on he became Qin Shi Huangdi, he would also go on to be the first leader of the Qin dynasty. People say that the Qin dynasty ended the warring states period but it was really when Qin conquested the other states. 8. 600 BCE - 600 CE Early Judaism: Audrey - Judaism stands out to historians because the Jews were monotheists, meaning they believed and worshiped only one God. This made the Jews unique to most other societies which were polytheistic and worshiped multiple Gods. Gabe - The jews lived in the kingdoms of israel and judah the assyrians conquered these two empires and then the babylonians which was called the babylonian exile which sent allot of the jews out of these kingdoms 3 . Ella - In the Hebrew bible, It talks about Abraham moving from the city of Ur to Canaan with his family. It is Questionable whether  the Ur they are talking about was the Sumatran city in lower Mesopotamia or a Ur in Upper Mesopotamia. Ben - One of the most important jewish prophets was Moses. Moses was born at a time where the emperor was killing off every boy that is born because of his fear that if they grew too strong they would overtake him. To hide Moses from the emperor’s forces his mother put him in a basket and let him float down the river. The emperor/pharaoh’s daughter finds moses and raises him into the royal family, moses one day is enraged by a slaver beating a jewish slave and kills the slavemaster and retreats out of the city in fear of punishment. He goes to Mount Sinai but the Lord tells him to go back and free every Jewish slave. So he goes back and frees them and splits the red sea to escape. He brings the people back to the mountain where he receives the ten commandments. They then travel for 40 years and he reestablishes the jewish people in Canaan. - Ethan - Jews lived under Roman rulers while still being allowed their own traditions. There was some Jewish revolting but mainly they were crushed every time. Soon after the Romans renamed Judea into Syria Palaestina. This destroyed the connection of the Jews to the land. Skylar - Abraham is one of the significant patriarchs, the other two are Jacob and Isaac. Abraham’s first son is called Ishmael. He had Ishmael with his wife sarah’s servant because they didn’t think they could have kids. Ishmael is viewed as the progenitor, the patriarch for the arab people. According to biblical accounts Isaac was born when Sarah was in her 90s and Abraham was around 100 years old. Emma - Abraham’s son Isaac was the second significant patriarch. He was the first one of the three to inherit the covenant that his father Abraham had received. Later in his life he married Rebekah who gave birth to their twin sons Jacob and Esau, Jacob being the last of the three patriarchs.   That’s all the time we have for today. THank for joining us outside of the box that is learning.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students.   600 BCE - 600 CE Second-Wave Civilizations   Ancient Persia: 600 BCE -  Gabe - Ancient persia or the achaemenid persia which was called this because the ruler cyrus’s great great grandfather's name was achaemenid and he started as a small independant city under the medes for protection and then cyrus got in an argument with his grandfather Astyages and won taking over persia he then established a system by capturing and relocating and adding a power over every city by accomplishing this he claimed the name Cyrus the great Audrey - The Persians didn’t actually use the name “Persian”, instead they called themselves Aryans. They called where they lived Aran (there are other variations of the name) which make the modern version of the name, Iran, probably more accurate. This is similar to how the Greeks referred to their homeland as Hellas, while the name Greece was a Latin idea. Ben - Cyrus, the ruler of Persia then proceeded to conquer various empires such as the Median empire, the Lydian empire in around 540 BCE, and he eventually got his hands on the neo-babylonian empire in 539 BCE. But while Cyrus’s son Cambyses II is out trying to take hold of egypt and libya, another person comes along claiming to be bardiya, Cyrus’s second son. So Cambyses has to rush back to Persia to make sure the throne is not taken from him but dies on the way there. No one really knows how Cambyses or Cyrus died specifically though. (BTW note for other people, shahanshah is pronounced shaw-on-shaw) Ella - Cyrus was a military commander but he realized that he needed the regions he conquered to stay in good economic order if he wanted them to provide him with economic tribute revenues. To achieve his goals he left rulers in the areas that he conquered after he conquered them. Skylar - Persia was one of the greatest empire and civilization in the world. The Achaemenid empire at its peak had about 50 million people. Thats half of the people that were in the world at that time, according to historians. The Achaemenid Dynasty/empire ends when Greece unifies under Philip of Macedon in early to mid century bce. Alexander the Great wanted to mix their cultures but he dies so they split again. Emma - In ancient Mesopotamia when they conquered a nation they would break up their political and cultural systems so that they wouldn’t be a threat. Though when Cyrus came into power he switched it, allowing those he conquered to keep their separate societies in a tributary state. While it seemed like he was being kind, he most likely was trying to keep their loyalty. - Ethan - As Cambyses died in 522 BCE, he was succeeded by a general titled “Darius”. Darius claimed that he was slightly related to Cambyses II but many other people challenged Darius’s throneship. This resulted, in some places, rebellion against the Achaemenids. Darius soon made himself to be the clear ruler Persia and re established rule of the rebels. He also reorganized the empire into satrapies, and for each satrapy there would be a satrap. 600 CE Classical Greece:  Gabe - If you didnt know its called Classical Greece and Ancient Persia because Persia was in the Ancient Era and Greece is in the Classical era so Classical Greece cities were built between mountains in valleys and on coastal plain so by the sea there was a time somewhere around 1200 bce they were in this war called the trojan war there's a story of a huge horse called the trojan horse it was in these wars so in this war this guy named homer he said that people came from the sea while they were having the trojan war and they were attacking them and driving them off the coast so they built these city states called polis which were like fortified cities so the people could have protection Audrey - The Greek Peninsula has been settled by humans for thousands of years, but an important part of Greek history starts when the Mycenaean Empire falls and the Greek Dark Ages begin. It is called the “Dark Ages” because there really aren’t many historical records from that point in time, and that was around 1100-800 BC. The major events happened in the exiting of the Greek Dark Ages, and this is when things that Ancient Greece is really known for began, like the Oracle at Delphi and the Olympic Games. (if someone wants to explain these) Ben - The difference between sparta and athens was that in sparta social status wasn’t decided based on how much money you had or how smart you were, it was about your military ranking. The spartans political system was unique in that it had two kings that were from different families that ruled. But on the lower side of the political rankings was the helots. Helots were like slaves but had more freedom, helots still had families but they had to work for the state and couldn’t really do anything else. Helots were still considered owned but they were owned by the state. Helots were collected from the villages sparta pillaged. Emma - Greece’s structure was was pretty different from other societies at the time. While the desperate colonies(?) all recognized the “mother” city-state, they were all independent for the majority of the time. Their shared religion and culture was what gave them all a sense of unity. Ella - Ancient Greece was made up of many independent city states because of Greeces complicated geography. All of these communities were separated by mountains, hills, and water. Greece wasn't a unified nation, instead it was a bunch of connected communities that shared religion and beliefs. - Ethan - The kings of Sparta were priests of Zeus and they were included in a gerousia, or council of elders, which was the highest court of Sparta. Also, there was an executive committee consisting of 5 ephors which were chosen by the people, of the people. Skylar - The name Greece is not what people that live in Greece call it. They call it Hellas. Nowadays they don’t call it Greece and back in the “Ancient Greece” days they didn’t say Greece they said Hellas. The word Hellas comes from Hellen, viewed as the progenitor. The Hellastic people are the people that live in Greece. In late 6th century BCE Athens was the dominant economic power. Athens was full of wealth as silver was just founded in the mountains around the area. Athens had an amazing trading system with other Greek city-states. Trading with other city-states was super  important to Athens because it didn’t have the agricultural conditions to supply enough grain for its population. A series of laws were written and put in place by a statesman named Draco around 621 BCE. They didn’t stay too long because they were super harsh. Another man named Solon was called to change the laws, he created a series of laws that equalized political power. Hunter- Ancient Greece consisted of over hundreds of different independent city-states, somewhat due to the geography of Greece. Greece communities were separated by mountains, hills, and water. Rather than one large nation, Ancient Greece was more like a system of communities with a shared language and religion that sometimes led to a common sense of belonging.    600 BCE - 600 CE The rise and fall of empires:  Gabe - I'm going to start by saying an empire is a small city or state that claims a large amount of land which is usually broke up into provinces  empires rise and fall for different reasons they usually expand through military conquest which is how the romans the persians and the Maurya empire in india expanded but they progressed in different ways the Maurya empire political sabotage and religious conversion so the people turn against their own country Audrey - An empire forms when a ruler, that already controls some territory, gains control of more territory for whatever reason, and that could be from military tactics, a weak neighboring area or really anything like that. Once the ruler has that territory under their control, they gain land and people. With the power they now have, this ruler could tax the people for their own wealth and/or use them for a better army. The empire could then keep expanding in this way until it collapsed. Ben - After the fall of the Qin dynasty the Han empire began to rise because of all the power that was up for grabs. The Han dynasty began in 206 BCE. They revived the way of Confucianism to unite the people and give them more reasons to fight and become a larger empire. Han china started to fall in 2nd century CE and eventually reached its demise in 220 CE, it mainly fell because of a religious divide between the people and the natural disasters that caused food shortages which snowballed into a bad economy. Ella - Empires all grow for different reasons whether its strong military, political sabotage, or religious conversation, but the Romans were not out to conquer territory. They did get involved in several wars but after they defeated their enemies they would offer their victims a small amount of citizenship in return for loyalty to the Roman empire.    Emma - There are also several different factors that can lead to the fall of an empire. Each of these factors will usually reflect those that led to the rise of the empire. Things such as a economic collapse, the weakening of military forces, or the death/assassination of a leader are common causes of a fall. - Ethan - A common example of an empire falling is Persia. The Achaemenid empire had internal issues already but had structure still. In 334 BCE Alexander attacked and in 4 years general Darius the Third lied dead. He was actually killed by one of his own generals and when the throne lied empty Alexander took the reins. Skylar - The rise of empires is great everyone’s all happy, then usually right when everything gets normal, the empire falls for different reasons. Rather it’s they have no more money, they get taken over by another empire, or another reason. The Roman empire took hundreds of years to create. They had weak neighbors so it was easy for them to take over that area. Hunter-The fall of an empire can be because of an outbreak of war and rebellion, when an empire falls so does its military for a few months to years in which leaves them wide open for follow up attacks. Normally however when an empire is defeated it is overrun by the kingdom/empire that attacked. 600 BCE - 600 CE Empire of Alexander the Great:  Gabe - Alexander the great was kind of an i want everything kind of guy no but wherever he went he conquered very good at military strategy lets skip a little real quick after he died his successors made a coin with him on it with horns which were marking him as a deity which means he was a huge role model you could say a symbol of power he was the man people looked up to he was actually only 5 to round 5’8 but that was normal for them because they didn't eat as much meat as other empires. Audrey - Alexander III, better known as Alexander the Great, was 20 years old when his extremely short reign began, lasting only 12 years. For how short his reign was, Alexander was very successful, especially when it came to conquering. Just like his reign, Alexander’s life was very short, ending in 323 BC when he was only 32 years old. Some people say he died from alcohol poisoning, some say it was from direct poisoning, but it is likely that he could have died because of a disease. Ella - A man known as Philip of Macedon came to power in 359 BC. His father had previously been the king of Macedon. Both of his older brother died which left him to be a regent for his infant nephew. He eventually possessed full power and ended up taking over a large majority of Greek city-states. He went on to almost unify all of them. Ben - Philip is later killed at his daughter’s wedding, by his royal bodyguard Pausanias in 336 BCE at the capital of macedonia, Aegae. This caused his son alexander to take control of the large kingdom that philip left behind. The one who assassinated tried to run away to his associates outside but tripped on a vine and got killed by philips. bodyguards Emma - Shortly after his father’s death, Alexander was crowned king and he eliminated any potential threats to his rule. The Greek city-states were now under his control. He then began his conquest of the Persian Empire which his father Philip had been planning before his untimely demise. Skylar - in 5th century BCE Greece started with the Persian invasion and ended with Peloponnesian war. Alexander the Great was one of the most powerful conquers in human history. Alexander the Great started off by taking control over his father’s empire after his death. Alexander wanted to do what his father wanted to do before he died, which was conquer the persian empire. So he put one of his generals, Antipater in charger of Greece. Alexander leads his troops on the greatest adventures of all time. Alexander won the battle at Granicus river, then Issus, Darius the third tries to negotiate but Alexander kept saying no, he wants to be the king of Asia. Eventually darius and alexander meet at Guagamela and alexander wins again. Darius’ empire was falling and what making the falling more official is when alexander takes his troops to Achaemenid, which is the capital of Persepolis and alexander defeats them once again. - Ethan - After Alexander’s father’s death, Alexander started focusing on India. He won some battles before he made it to the Ganges River. He planned to cross the Ganges to get to the rest of India. His tired troops decided that it was to much work and that they were already tired so they refused to go. In the end they turned home, and in 323 BCE, Alexander died to, what was most likely, disease.  Hunter- In the Kingdom of Thrace, during the reign of Lysimachus- a successor of Alexander the Great who lived from 361 BCE to 323 BCE, a coin was issued. The coin had Alexander’s face with ram horns on each side of his crown, the ram horns were a symbol of an Egyption God known as Amun or Zeus, who is often combined with Amun- from whom Alexander claimed descent. Flanked with these horns, Alexander had the reputation of a Deity.     600 BCE - 600 CE Rise of Rome: 600 BCE -  Gabe - the Rome empire came to power when  a group of noblemen were like ok the king sucks he's out and so they kicked him out and made the two consuls which were two people which were pretty close to a king except one could veto the others actions this was so one person could not be oh so powerful They also split the people into plebeians and patricians which were plebeians being common folk and patricians being people of noble blood This was the roman republic    Audrey - Legend has it, Rome was named after Romulus, one of twin brothers that are abandoned and raised by a “she-wolf”. Eventually, Romulus kills Remus (his twin brother) and becomes the first king of Rome. Other historians now think that it was the other way around, that the city of rome needed a founding story, and the whole thing was just that, a story. Ben - Rome was founded in 753 BCE (even though it’s mostly a myth and most believe in was founded a little later). Rome then founds the Rome Republic, a state in central rome, making them a little more influential in 509 BCE. Then much later than that the Punic wars happened between Rome and Carthage and consisted of three wars. The first war took place from 264-241 BCE, the second from 218-201 BCE, and the third from 149-146 BCE. in total it lasted from 264 to 146. Rome ended up winning and destroying and conquering Carthage. Ella - The Romans did not plan to build an empire but it came upon them as they ran into conflict with the surrounding city-states, kingdoms, and empires. They had to find a way to use the territories they conquered.  Most of the places the Romans conquered were allowed to keep the political and cultural ways they had, the only requirement was that they provide soldiers for the Roman Empire. Emma - The politics of Rome reflected the structure of their society; it too was divided into the two social classes, patricians and plebeians. Those in the upper class were allowed to hold political office, and then become a senator, but those of the lower class were not. However, the plebeians were able gain more political influence over time. - Ethan - The political system of Rome was mainly based on military rank/power. The “Comitia Centuriata” which was named for the century, was pretty much a group of 100 soldiers. Although, this 100 person unit was the base amount of people, it was not always exact in real situations. Skylar - I’m going to talk about the Punic wars that went on between Rome and Carthage. The Punic wars consist of three major battles, The first one lasted 23 years, from 264 BCE-241 BCE. It was at Agrigentum it was over the island of Sicily. Rome wins most smaller battles. Then Carthage leaves. Rome wanted Carthage to pay them for the damages. Rome built a stronger navy. 240 to 248 BCE there was a Mercenary war. The second Punic war was between 218-201 BCE. The third and final war was between 149-146 BCE where Rome basically destroys Carthage, ending a 700 year long war. 8.Hunter- Rome went from a city in the middle of the italy peninsula to one of the strongest empires in history. 600 CE From Roman Republic to Roman Empire:  Gabe - in 27 bce a guy named augustus caesar came and was like nope im the ruler “emperor” so basically the king and he started an autocratic government which is where he was the guy who called all the shots he didn't expand rome much in his time but he did do some things that changed the political and economic structure of rome      Audrey - Gaius Julius Caesar’s life really marked the transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, even though, in his lifetime, Rome was still a republic and never actually considered an empire. The reason I say this is the unofficial time that the transition occurred is, that at the time of Julius Caesar, the Roman Republic’s structure very much resembled the structure of an empire, so it kind of seems like it already switched. Ben - Julius Caesar then illegally crosses the rubicon and most of rome’s senators choose to move over to greece. This causes a sort of civil war between rome and greece. After Julius crosses the rubicon the senators send a popular general Pompey to go fight with his soldiers but they decide to retreat because they thought julius’s army was unbeatable. Then the other senators also retreat, giving julius control of rome again. But it would be only a matter of time before the senators return to try and retake rome. Ella - Julius Caesar was assassinated, and in his will he stated that his nephew Octavian would be his adopted son. Too other men Antony and Lepidus were big supporters of Caesars and they got together with Octavian to form a triumvirate, which was known as the second triumvirate. Unlike the first triumvirate which was between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, this triumvirate had legal backing. These three men gained lots of power over the Roman republic. Emma -  The power he gained was not limited to the prolonged time in which he held office. A major part of it was that he now had complete control over the military, unlike before when the elected consuls served as commanders. He was also now the high priest, or Pontifex Maximus, and in charge of the census for taxation. He kept these powers by acting like they were still separate offices that could be held by someone else.  - Ethan - Roman money/currency wasn’t exactly economy based but politically based as well. Julius Caesar was the first emperor to put his face on currency and since then emperors of Rome have done this. Before Caesar, only deceased Romans and Roman gods were on currency. This strengthened the connection of the emperor and the economy while popularizing the current emperor. These emperors used this systems to popularize the next candidate they favored. Skylar - The Roman Empire began in 27 BCE when Augustus became the main ruler. Augustus is Julius Caesar’s adopted son. He never took the name king or emperor preferred to call himself princeps, first citizen, or primus inter pares. Augustus never expanded the territory because it was already as big as it could possibly get. 8.Hunter- The Roman Republic was a small city in Italy, after a large military growth and a gaining of power over many neighboring countries the Roman Republic quickly grew to the Roman Empire. 600 BCE - 600 CE The Roman Empire: Audrey - Pax Romana is a name that a two hundred year long time period is often referred to as, and it means “Roman Peace”. This name came from the time when Octavian was emperor, which was from 27 BCE to 180 CE. It was a relatively good time for the Roman Empire, even though there was still quite a bit of conflict it was really a pretty peaceful time hence the name. Gabe - it was a good time for the roman empire augustus caesar or Octavian had complete control over the military which was one of the ways he became the emperor But the romans liked the belief of having military governments temporary which is why He took control as a stand in governor of one of the provinces where the majority of roman legions were stationed giving him control over the military while still looking like he’s doing a favor for the people        Ella - Nero was a really bad guy. He was known for the fire in 64AD that a large amount of Romans died in. People think Nero started the fire to make room for a palace. Aside of that, he killed a lot of people including his own mom. He was also known for persecuting christians. Sometimes he would dip them in oil and set them on fire for a source of light in his garden.   Ben - After a few different anti-christian ruler come along, a new emperor decides to embrace christianity and his name was constantine. He was the first christian emperor and he even got baptised. Constantine also moves the capital more east and renames it to Constantinople. - Ethan - Augustus was followed by Tiberius who was Augustus’s step-son. Both had relatively long careers as emperors. Augustus had a career lasting close to 40 years while Tiberius had a 24 year long career. Caligula, one of Augustus’s great nephews, was viewed as a sadist. While he was emperor for a while he was quickly assassinated, he had a lot of people killed during his term of about 4 years.  Emma - After the Julio Claudian Dynasty of Rome came the Flavian Dynasty. This dynasty began in 69 AD when Vespasian was made emperor by the senate after the defeat of Vitellius. He ruled for ten years until 79 AD when he died. He was then succeeded by his oldest son, Titus. This marked the first emperor of Rome to be followed by his own son. He ruled for only two years, until 81 AD when he died from an illness. His rule was then followed by his brother Domitian who held the position from 81 to 96 AD. This dynasty was known for building the colosseum and the destruction of the second temple in Jerusalem. Skylar - One of the most important pieces from Augustan, Rome is the Ara Pacis, Ara Pacis means altar of peace. Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. The Ara Pacis was basically rebuilt from the fragments they found, some from the 17th century, but most were from the 20th century. The altar was used for sacrifices. This Altar has a political and spiritual meaning. 8.Hunter- The Roman Empire was an extremely powerful empire capturing Jerusalem, Cannan, and i believe nearly one hundred other provinces. 600 BCE - 600 CE Ancient and Imperial China: Audrey - The Shang Dynasty ended in 1046 BCE, when the Zhou (pronounced jo) Dynasty defeated the last Shang emperor, Di Xin, in the Battle of Muye. Historical records show that Di Xin had become a corrupt ruler, and the Zhous said they could only overthrow him because of the Mandate of Heaven which is an idea that if a ruler became incapable or corrupt the a guiding force in the universe would throw them out and replace them. Gabe - Zhou empire did not last long though because the provinces were giving their support to the governor basically of their providence instead of the zhou emperor so slowly the states became more powerful than the emperor himself hence the warring states period      3.Ella - The Zhou Dynasty collapsed at a slow pace over hundreds of years. As this happened, rulers of the surrounding areas gained more power than the king. This was the beginning of a period that was known as the Warring State period, which lasted from about 475 BC to 221 BC. Nearby, Qin, a western state, conquered its surrounding states and established their own dynasty. Ben - The Qin dynasty began to rise to it’s empire state in 221 BCE. The founder was Qin Shi Huang, a legalist (legalist is when law is enforced very strictly) that hated freedom of expression and freedom in general. A historian quoted him once about how he hates historians and wants all non-state historians that wrote history before Qin dynasty to be burned. “[Historians] hold it a mark of fame to defy the ruler, regard it as lofty to take a dissenting stance, and they lead the lesser officials in fabricating slander. If behavior such as this is not prohibited, then in upper circles the authority of the ruler will be compromised, and in lower ones, cliques will form. Therefore it should be prohibited. I therefore request that all records of the historians other than those of the state of Qin be burned.” - Ethan - Many differing beliefs are made vocal during this time period. 3 of which are Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Confucianism, created by Confucius, was based on reform of the status, class, and hierarchy systems. Legalism is more based off of strict laws and harsh punishments. Daoism is more of lawless following what they believe is right at the time. Emma - Confucius, or Kongzi which means Master Kong. His teachings were almost entirely based around morality and having a personal sense of right and wrong. He wasn’t really teaching specific rules of what was good or bad, rather teaching people be conscious of the intent behind their actions. Skylar - During the Warring States period in China from 475-221 BCE China was divided into seven competing nations. The fiefs were gaining more importance as the Zhou dynasty was ending and were becoming states. One of the 7 states were Qin. the other 6 states were Chu, Zhou, Wei, Han, Yan, and Qi. The first leader of Qin was King Zheng, later on he became Qin Shi Huangdi, he would also go on to be the first leader of the Qin dynasty. People say that the Qin dynasty ended the warring states period but it was really when Qin conquested the other states. 8. 600 BCE - 600 CE Early Judaism: Audrey - Judaism stands out to historians because the Jews were monotheists, meaning they believed and worshiped only one God. This made the Jews unique to most other societies which were polytheistic and worshiped multiple Gods. Gabe - The jews lived in the kingdoms of israel and judah the assyrians conquered these two empires and then the babylonians which was called the babylonian exile which sent allot of the jews out of these kingdoms 3 . Ella - In the Hebrew bible, It talks about Abraham moving from the city of Ur to Canaan with his family. It is Questionable whether  the Ur they are talking about was the Sumatran city in lower Mesopotamia or a Ur in Upper Mesopotamia. Ben - One of the most important jewish prophets was Moses. Moses was born at a time where the emperor was killing off every boy that is born because of his fear that if they grew too strong they would overtake him. To hide Moses from the emperor’s forces his mother put him in a basket and let him float down the river. The emperor/pharaoh’s daughter finds moses and raises him into the royal family, moses one day is enraged by a slaver beating a jewish slave and kills the slavemaster and retreats out of the city in fear of punishment. He goes to Mount Sinai but the Lord tells him to go back and free every Jewish slave. So he goes back and frees them and splits the red sea to escape. He brings the people back to the mountain where he receives the ten commandments. They then travel for 40 years and he reestablishes the jewish people in Canaan. - Ethan - Jews lived under Roman rulers while still being allowed their own traditions. There was some Jewish revolting but mainly they were crushed every time. Soon after the Romans renamed Judea into Syria Palaestina. This destroyed the connection of the Jews to the land. Skylar - Abraham is one of the significant patriarchs, the other two are Jacob and Isaac. Abraham’s first son is called Ishmael. He had Ishmael with his wife sarah’s servant because they didn’t think they could have kids. Ishmael is viewed as the progenitor, the patriarch for the arab people. According to biblical accounts Isaac was born when Sarah was in her 90s and Abraham was around 100 years old. Emma - Abraham’s son Isaac was the second significant patriarch. He was the first one of the three to inherit the covenant that his father Abraham had received. Later in his life he married Rebekah who gave birth to their twin sons Jacob and Esau, Jacob being the last of the three patriarchs.   That’s all the time we have for today. THank for joining us outside of the box that is learning.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discusses Zoroastrianism. "Now have I seen him with my own eyes, knowing him in truth to be the wise Lord of the good mind and of good deeds and words." Thus spake the real Zarathustra, the prophet and founder of the ancient and modern religion of Zoroastrianism. It has claims to be the world's first monotheistic creed and perhaps as long ago as 1200 BC Zarathustra also said, "I point out the way, it is the truth, it is for all living". Truth is a central tenet of the religion which holds that people must above all do good things, hear good things and see good things.How was the religion established in Ancient Persia, what is its body of beliefs and how have they been developed and disseminated?With Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Curator of Ancient Iranian Coins in the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum; Farrokh Vajifdar, Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society; Alan Williams, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Religion at the University of Manchester.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discusses Zoroastrianism. "Now have I seen him with my own eyes, knowing him in truth to be the wise Lord of the good mind and of good deeds and words." Thus spake the real Zarathustra, the prophet and founder of the ancient and modern religion of Zoroastrianism. It has claims to be the world's first monotheistic creed and perhaps as long ago as 1200 BC Zarathustra also said, "I point out the way, it is the truth, it is for all living". Truth is a central tenet of the religion which holds that people must above all do good things, hear good things and see good things.How was the religion established in Ancient Persia, what is its body of beliefs and how have they been developed and disseminated?With Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Curator of Ancient Iranian Coins in the Department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum; Farrokh Vajifdar, Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society; Alan Williams, Senior Lecturer in Comparative Religion at the University of Manchester.