Podcasts about cliques

Michigan Criminal Defense Attorney Bill Amadeo talks the Transitions of Cliques in this episode of The Jail Visit.

In this episode, Anthony and James flex their own 'mean gay' muscles as they highlight the parts of the gay scene that aren't as friendly as they make out to be. The LOOSE LADS podcast is a fun gay chat-show from Anthony Gilét (Gilet Slays), with co-host James Egan ('IamTomDop'). The outrageous duo from the podcast Cocktails and Confessions weigh-in on everything from body image to body counts, from dating to death. Each week the pair discuss different topics giving their hot takes and sassy commentary.*Disclaimer: LOOSE LADS contains adult themes and dark humour. With references to sex, and adult language.LISTEN INSTEAD OF WATCH:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2gpLWuP...Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast...Amazon: https://music.amazon.co.uk/podcasts/f...SOCIALSFollow your hosts: / looseladspodcast https://www.tiktok.com/looselads/Anthony Gilét: https://www.instagram.com / giletslays https://www.tiktok.com/giletslays/James Egan: https://www.instagram.com/ iamtomdop

A Bia está pirada nos tablets com eink, o Marcus está babando na Perplexity, e o futuro do trabalho envolve exatamente o que você está pensando.

Are Social Cliques Secretly Draining Your Energy? Here's How to Find Inner Freedom

Mean Girls, directed by Mark Waters and written by Tina Fey, is a cult classic teen comedy based on Rosalind Wiseman's book Queen Bees and Wannabes. The film humorously yet accurately portrays the harsh realities of high school social dynamics, focusing on cliques, peer pressure, and the impact of popularity on self-identity. The story follows Cady Heron, a homeschooled girl navigating the cutthroat social hierarchy of public high school life after moving from Africa. As she infiltrates "The Plastics," the school's most popular clique, Cady faces a moral dilemma that tests her values, self-image, and relationships. Though often comedic, the movie sheds light on serious issues like bullying, conformity, and the challenges of adolescence. In this episode, Kevin Stoller, Nancy Shapiro Rapport, and Steven Shapiro discuss the movie through the lens of parenting and education. They explore the challenges faced by kids and parents in today's society, particularly focusing on the mental health crisis and the breakdown of family structures. The conversation delves into character analyses, the impact of school environments, and the importance of emotional health in raising children.   Takeaways: Consistent, intentional conversations about values and behavior are essential for raising resilient, emotionally healthy children. Small, deliberate actions can lead to significant, long-term results. A strong family culture, built on open communication and shared values, can help children navigate social pressures and define their identity. Parents need to engage in ongoing discussions about kindness, respect, and self-worth. Technology has fundamentally changed how teens communicate and form relationships. Setting boundaries around device use and fostering in-person connections can help counteract the isolating effects of screen time. Adolescence is a time of self-discovery, and social interactions can be intense and confusing. Understanding the pressures teens face helps parents provide better support. Schools can support parents by reinforcing positive behaviors and values, while communities can provide a support network for parents navigating the challenges of raising children. Comedy can be an effective way to connect with teens, understand their world, and initiate meaningful conversations. Movies like Mean Girls use humor to highlight real issues in adolescence.     About Steven Shapiro: Steven Shapiro is a veteran school reimaginer, with over 30 years of K-12 classroom teaching experience, 15 concurrent years as a high school humanities program director, and four years as a district leader of experiential learning. Steven is the host of the acclaimed podcast Experience Matters. He delivers keynote presentations on topics including supporting parents in the digital age, addressing the youth mental health crisis, and designing authentic learning experiences. Steven and his wife Susan are the proud parents of three adult children.   About Nancy Shapiro Rapport: Nancy spent the majority of her 34-year public-education career as a school counselor, supporting students and parents in navigating the challenging “middle years.” Her leadership roles in professional development and crisis management showcased her ability to identify needs, empathize with various stakeholders, and deliver results. As a certified Hudson Institute coach, Nancy has extensive training in coaching and human development. She has taught courses on learner mindset and question thinking, helping adults pursue a life of curiosity, inquiry, and possibility. Nancy brings a wealth of experience in both child and adult learning to her role as co-founder of Our Family Culture. Most importantly, she is the proud parent of two adult children, Emily and Jacob.     Learn More About Our Family Culture: Website: https://ourfamilyculture.org/     Connect with Steven Shapiro: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-shapiro-experience-matters/   Connect with Nancy Shapiro Rapport: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nancysrapport/   Connect with host, Kevin Stoller: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinstoller/     Episode 226 of the Better Learning Podcast Kevin Stoller is the host of the Better Learning Podcast and Co-Founder of Kay-Twelve, a national leader for educational furniture. Learn more about creating better learning environments at www.Kay-Twelve.com.     For more information on our partners: Association for Learning Environments (A4LE) - https://www.a4le.org/ Education Leaders' Organization - https://www.ed-leaders.org/ Second Class Foundation - https://secondclassfoundation.org/ EDmarket - https://www.edmarket.org/ Catapult @ Penn GSE - https://catapult.gse.upenn.edu/ Want to be a Guest Speaker? Request on our website

Это выступление состоялось на дне рождения drumandbass команды из Санкт-Петербурга Time Of Night на фабрике Skorohod. Ловите качевые звуки моего рейва и хороший вайб... GVOZD vibez: 1.Fire At Will - It's A Vibe 2.Alien Perfect - Voodoo 3.Coco, Eats Everything, Unglued - The Change 4.Speaker Louis - One More Time 5.Warhead - Mercury 6.Hoax - Goose Chase 7.DJ Zinc, Brazy - Mwah! (I'm That Bitch) 8.Micky Finn & Vital Elements feat. MC Spyda - System Culture 9.Jenks (UK) - Outrage 10.Benny Page & Mad Sam - Call The Hurse 11.CLIQUES., Genesis Elijah & Grim Sickers feat. Raf Mc, Chris Girl Problem & Rubberman - BANDANA 12.Blooom & Phace - IS IT 13.Drumsound & Bassline Smith - Aim High 14.Venjent - Rolling with the Bassline 15.Mt. Eden - Reptile 16.Average Citizens - Drive By Bassline (Woofax DNB Remix) 17.Teddy Killerz - Feed Your Soul 18.Punchman - Bounce 19.Dimension - Altar 20.Medicine - Heartbeat 21.Rameses B - Old School 22.Rob Gasser - Pressure 23.5X - Fever 24.Bootch - Let You Go 25.Sigma, Jamakabi, Scrufizzer - CHARGIE (NVADRZ & ALIAS Edit) 26.Terrence & Phillip - Crank Dat 27.GGrossy - Bass Line 28.Fade Duster - Durdome 29.Tomoyoshi - Stomper 30.Agro - Noise Complaint (Nick The Lot Remix) 31.Ovadose - Jack In The Box 32.Bevsy, GinX - Sub Surfing 33.True Tactix - Lighta! 34.Gydra- Game Over (Gydra remix) 35.Kritikal - 2MUCH 36.Roki - Say You Want Me 37.Conni x Niall T - Bella Ciao 38.Control Alt Delete, Ely Oaks - Running Around (Control Alt Delete Extended Remix) 39.Askel & Elere - Space Dub 40.Rea - On The Road (Thys Remix) 41.Brasstax - Stitch Up (Samurai Breaks Remix) 42.Ogstan - Senupaji 43.Jando - Brazilian Jungle 44.Nuphlo - Draa (dubbed out mix)

Commençons par une expression qui génère pas mal de fautes, parce qu'elle comporte un mot si ancien qu'il a disparu ailleurs : avenu. Oui, avenu sans E, pas comme l'avenue Charles-de-Gaulle. Avenu, l'adjectif. Mais quel est ce drôle d'adjectif ?Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Приключения Барабана и Баса, их трансформация и эволюция продолжаются в этой зимней селекции. Танцевальные бенгеры, красивые песни , качающие роллеры, рейверские кричалки и бадманские читки, тренды и традиции в обрамлении ряда сабжанров drumandbass, занявшие свое место в моей коллекции, надеюсь отправят и вас в захватывающее музыкальное путешествие..Почувствуйте вайб февраля 2025.. GVOZD vibez: 1.Hoax x Hugh Hardie x SOLAH - Wake Up 2.FORIN - In Control 3.Dot Porta - Kaelego 4.Azlan, NODSY - Andhakar 5.PARA - Firepower 6.MIDAS - Let This One Ride 7.Milo (UK) - Instinct 8.Objectiv - Real McCoy 9.Maysev - Left 10.it is Jev - Revival 11.Apokain - Shiva 12.Terrence & Phillip - Crank Dat 13.Jenks (UK) - Outrage 14.Basslenitsa - Basslenitsa 15.Medicine - Heartbeat 16.GGrossy - Bass Line 17.Bootch - Let You Go 18.Sigma, Jamakabi, Scrufizzer - CHARGIE (NVADRZ & ALIAS Edit) 19.Sigma - Chargie (Ft. Scruffizer x Jamakabi) [Club Mix] 20.CLIQUES, Genesis Elijah & Grim Sickers ft Raf Mc,Chris Girl Problem & Rubberman-BANDANA 21.Akoma - Strength 22.DEAD WAX - Take Me Higher 23.El Pablo feat. Kaye - Party 24.Drawn Moon ft. Qube - Control 25.Dub Elements - Ballin' 26.Circadian & Nu-La - ReBirth 27.T & Sugah - Louder 28.Fade Duster - Jamaica 29.ICONS - Paradise 30.Tanukichi & LÄUFF - Throw It Down 31.YASUKI - Strong Enough 32.Paranoiac Del - Winter Flowers 33.MIDNIGHT CVLT, Screamarts - Collision 34.Absu_NTQL - Broken (Yimura Remix) 35.Mob Tactics - The Feeling 36.Paranoiac Del - Artificial Intelligence 37.MIDNIGHT CVLT, Litence - Numba One 38.HighThere - Trippin' 39.Skrimor & Kryptomedic - Animals 40.Mt. Eden - Reptile 41.Blinded Theory - Pursuit 42.Mokus & Bodrak - Winter 43.MARGE - Your Time (Wintour Remix) 44.Cafe Disko - Dreamscape 45.Planet Phatt - The Funk 46.Micky Finn & Vital Elements - State Of Life 47.CLIPZ & Reek0 - WERK [Extended Mix]

Rich and Jim talk with Sugarland's Travis McNabb for an epic conversation diving deep into the world of professional drumming, music scenes, and a life dedicated to rhythm.    Highlights include:   [0:05:00] Travis's Musical Origins: Growing up in a musical family and discovering drums [0:25:00] Drumming Philosophy: The importance of feel, groove, and professionalism [0:48:00] Career Lessons: Humility, relationships, and never burning bridges [1:00:00] Recording Insights: Working with artists like Megan Maroney and Christian Bucha [1:25:00] Sugar Land and Jennifer Nettles: Behind-the-scenes stories [1:40:00] Favorite Drummers: Discussion on Ringo Starr, John Bonham, and Zigaboo Modeliste [1:49:00] The Beatles Conversation: Influences and musical impact   Special moments include Travis's vintage drum collection, studio setup, and candid stories from decades in the music industry. A must-listen for drummers, musicians, and music lovers!   Travis McNabb (born November 18, 1969) is an American drummer and percussionist. McNabb is perhaps best known as a longtime member of the band Better Than Ezra, although he has performed session and touring work with many acts during his career. Prior to joining Better Than Ezra in January 1996, McNabb toured with acts such as Vigilantes of Love, Beggars, and seminal Oregon-based punk rock band The Wipers. Since mid-2007, he has been the full-time touring drummer with Grammy-award winning Country/Bluegrass act Sugarland.     Some Things That Came Up:    -8:00 The home studio -13:14 Dave Elitch and burying the beater  -15:00 Bonham! -16:00 Bass Drum Sizes -19:15 Big Fat Snare Drum's “The Shining” snare muffler -23:00 The oddity of A+F Drums  -25:30 Travis is NOT afraid to DRESS  -28:40 Travis' musical family  -37:30 The Alex Van Halen Tribute Show 2015 -35:50 The Better Than Ezra “China Lick” manifests  -43:40 The Police Duran Duran…the band mentality! -45:00 Megan Moroney -48:00 Read The Room! Two Ears/One Mouth! -49:00 Kenny Aronoff vs. Jim Keltner. TWO methods, BOTH work  -60:00 The Nashville Number System in ACTION!  -67:00 The credits thing… -76:00 David Bowie Tribute Show  -78:00 Wikipedia -83:00 Jennifer Nettles -85:00 The Cliques? -89:00 Travis McNabb Drum Clinics?  -94:15 The Fave 5 -112:00 The Ludwig Club Date Series  -114:00 Hard Rock Cafes!     Follow:  www.travismcnabb.com IG: @travnabb   The Rich Redmond Show is about all things music, motivation and success. Candid conversations with musicians, actors, comedians, authors and thought leaders about their lives and the stories that shaped them. Rich Redmond is the longtime drummer with Jason Aldean and many other veteran musicians and artists. Rich is also an actor, speaker, author, producer and educator. Rich has been heard on thousands of songs, over 30 of which have been #1 hits!   Follow Rich: @richredmond www.richredmond.com   Jim McCarthy is the quintessential Blue Collar Voice Guy. Honing his craft since 1996 with radio stations in Illinois, South Carolina, Connecticut, New York, Las Vegas and Nashville, Jim has voiced well over 10,000 pieces since and garnered an ear for audio production which he now uses for various podcasts, commercials and promos. Jim is also an accomplished video producer, content creator, writer and overall entrepreneur.   Follow Jim:   @jimmccarthy www.itsyourshow.co

In this episode of the sounding board, Nate talks about breaking down cliques and what we can do as school counselors to influence the school culture utschoolcounselor.org (http://www.utschoolcounselor.org/) Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/utschoolcounselor) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/utschoolcounselor/)] Send us your questions and ideas at thesoundingboard@utschoolcounselor.org (mailto:naathan.webb@utschoolcounselor.org) and if you like our podcast please rate and review our show - it helps other counselors to find us! USCA members also receive a bi-monthly newsletter to stay up to date on current Utah school counseling news, events, and issues.

In this final episode on C. S. Lewis's The Screwtape Letters, we tackle the pervasiveness, problem, and cure, of Inner Ring idolatry. Tune in to hear how the pull of the Inner Ring is illustrated in the second Inside Out movie, and to learn how to turn cliques in the church inside out. Scriptures Referenced:Luke 10:19-21 Visit PracticologyPodcast.com for more episodes.Follow the Practicology Podcast on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MandMsPodcast

Big news on a podcast expansion! The Jail Visit is coming to Lenawee County with the launch of LenaweeRadio.com! Plus, the Cliques of Life and more in this all new episode.

Beyond the Sessions is answering YOUR parenting questions! In this episode, Dr. Rebecca Hershberg and I talk about...   - First things first, why are schools still sending out candy grams in this current climate with a loneliness epidemic on the rise?    - Cliques and posses that form in middle school are often rife with envy, jealousy, gossip, and temptation - how to help our kids navigate this.    - What advice to give your child when they are left out in a friend group.   - How to help a child who tends to avoid conflict in their interpersonal relationships build a greater tolerance for joining in and addressing things directly.   - “There is a difference between a kid who says 'I am going to let this go' vs. 'I am going to hold this in.'"   - Understanding “social currency” and how that impacts children, especially as they move into the stage of development where their attention begins to move away from their parents and much more heavily toward their peers.     ADDITIONAL PODCAST EPISODES YOU MAY LIKE:  

DJ Глюк - Жидкий Драм @ DJ Глюк 1. Villem & Leo Wood - Drift 2. Vio.let, Lauren-Paige, Keeno - Worlds Apart 3. MissGray - Chase The Sun 4. CLIQUES., Vio.let - Lets Stay Up 5. Genesis Elijah, Grim Sickers, CLIQUES., Vio.let, LU:KE - Take Me Home 6. Mr Traumatik - Take Control 7. Operator Unknown & Jae Franklin - When the Sun Goes Down 8. Seathasky - Show You 9. Speen - Don't Know 10. Natty Lou & Gemma Rose - Close To Me 11. CLIQUES. - Unconditional Love 12. Edlan & Grandephonics - This Is Fire 13. Destiny - Peaceful Wishes 14. Sereni7 - Signals

As a developing sport, there are aspects of masters rowing which we need to improve, change and adapt. Three signs of dysfunction and four solutions. Timestamps 01:00 What are the symptoms and cures to move our sport forward? Most clubs now have a masters group and a good waiting list of people wanting to learn to row. 02:00 Signs of dysfunction Rowing is designed to take a beginner towards higher performances. As we age we generally have diminishing strength each decade. Many of us love rowing but don't want to compete - so masters rowing is different. 1 - Cliques - people who only row with the same other people all the time. This is a long term limiting factor for the whole club group. Isolationism is antithetical to a successful masters group 2 - Club Priorities are Inflexible - they focus on juniors and young people. This means boats cannot be shared, it's hard to get a trailer to go to a regatta. Combining juniors and masters is an innovation. 3 - Skills Progression - if you think you aren't making progress it could be because there is not flexibility to enable you to progress. Failing to solve these leads to sclerosis, group size falling, limiting your ability to form crews across age groups, buy new boats. 07:30 Enabling solutions 1 - Have a pathway for masters to enable "looping" in and out of the sport year by year. Allow flexibility to change training groups and come back over time. 2 - Structure of the skills in your group. Starting from beginner, intermediate and advanced. Almost everyone wants coaching and to advance their skill. What are the entry requirements for each group - give transparency. 3 - Agreed club priorities across all groups. Measure actions and budgets against the priorities to see if you're achieving them. 4 - Racing classes for masters. Insert a step between novice and age group racing because it takes us longer to acquire the equivalent skills as a young person novice. A New Masters racing category allowing up to 5 years of learning to compete against similar people would smooth this path to racing. 12:00 How can these be set in place? How to bring your board / committee along with you so they understand what the masters group is trying to achieve. What are solutions we haven't yet thought of? Want easy live streams like this? Instant broadcasts to Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn. Faster Masters uses StreamYard: https://streamyard.com/pal/d/5694205242376192

Send us a textTuesday Talks: Overcoming Cliques in the Swinger Community | Episode 44In this episode of The Swing Nation Podcast, the top-rated show about non-monogamy and swinging, Dan and Lacy dive into another engaging "Tuesday Talks" segment, where they tackle listener questions with their signature mix of insight and humor.This week, an anonymous caller opens up about a disappointing experience at a hotel takeover, where they felt the event was dominated by cliques. Struggling to connect with others in such an environment, they ask Dan and Lacy for advice on breaking through social barriers and finding their groove at lifestyle events.Tune in as Dan and Lacy share their best tips for navigating cliques, building genuine connections, and making the most of every lifestyle event, no matter the crowd. Whether you're a newcomer or a seasoned swinger, this episode is packed with valuable advice for enhancing your lifestyle journey.- The Swing Nation - Main Website Quick Navigation Website: -- (Find all our social media links & more!)- Swinger Society - Our Website to meet, connect & events Swinger Society Discord Our Facebook Group- Swinger Websites -Kasadie 90 day free trialUsername: TheSwingNation SDC 14 day free trial Username: TheSwingNation** Use code 36313 for 14 days free! ** SLSUsername: NorthernGuynSouthernGirl- Merch & More -Order Your Merch Here!- Lacy's Fun Links -VIP OnlyFansPREMIUM OnlyFans-- THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS --Wisp : Making sexual healthcare inclusive, cost-effective, and accessible—for everyoneUse Code SWING at checkout for 15% off your oder!Shameless Care: ED Medication and at home STD testingUse Code TSN at checkout for $30 off your order!Promescent® Make Love Longer, It's Time for Great SexUse Code SwingNation for 5% off!Sing it Bikinis:  adjustable one-size styles, thoughtfully crafted to flatter every body type.Support the show- Thank you for the support! -

Today's Topics: 1) Gospel - Mark 6:34-44 - When Jesus saw the vast crowd, His Heart was moved with pity for them, for they were like sheep without a shepherd; and He began to teach them many things. By now it was already late and his disciples approached Him and said, "This is a deserted place and it is already very late. Dismiss them so that they can go to the surrounding farms and villages and buy themselves something to eat." He said to them in reply, "Give them some food yourselves." But they said to Him, "Are we to buy two hundred days' wages worth of food and give it to them to eat?" He asked them, "How many loaves do you have?  Go and see." And when they had found out they said, "Five loaves and two fish." So He gave orders to have them sit down in groups on the green grass. The people took their places in rows by hundreds and by fifties. Then, taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, He said the blessing, broke the loaves, and gave them to His disciples to set before the people; he also divided the two fish among them all. They all ate and were satisfied. And they picked up twelve wicker baskets full of fragments and what was left of the fish. Those who ate of the loaves were five thousand men. Memorial of Saint Raymond of Penyafort, Priest Saint Raymond, pray for us! Bishop Sheen quote of the day 2) Why do people convert to the Catholic Church? Notre Dame Head Coach Marcus Freeman sings “Notre Dame Our Mother" after winning the Sugar Bowl. He converted to Catholicism in 2022 https://x.com/CatholicVote/status/1875212241722876407 3) Whistleblower:  Vatican gripped by homosexual and left wing cliques https://catholicherald.co.uk/vatican-gripped-by-gay-and-left-wing-cliques-who-love-palestinians-and-think-trump-is-a-devil-says-whistleblower/ 4) Chicago: where Eucharistic Revival goes to die https://crisismagazine.com/opinion/chicago-where-eucharistic-revival-goes-to-die

Join your horror hosts as it's the end of the world as we know it. Chapters00:00 Introduction to Y2K and Horror Comedy02:54 Personal Y2K Experiences and Nostalgia05:58 Character Analysis and Performances08:59 Fashion and Cultural References11:52 Thematic Elements and World Building15:00 Party Scene and Violence17:59 Cliques and Social Commentary20:57 Music and Soundtrack Highlights24:15 Nostalgic References and Cultural Context27:01 Character Development and Social Commentary28:30 Technology and Its Impact on Society30:31 Teenage Relationships and Humor32:45 Fred Durst's Cameo and Musical Elements39:01 Comedy, Horror, and Cinematic Techniques44:34 Final Thoughts and Overall Impressions --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bloody-broads/support

The holidays are here, but not all the cheer makes its way into the workplace. This week on "The Veterinary Viewfinder," hosts Dr. Ernie Ward and Beckie Mosser, MPA, RVT, tackle a sensitive yet often overlooked issue: exclusion during the festive season. Imagine this: a colleague brings invitations for a holiday gathering, handing them out in full view of someone who's not invited. For veterinary team members already feeling left out, these moments can cut deep and damage workplace morale. Dr. Ward and Beckie dive into the tricky dynamics of managing social interactions within clinics. From addressing cliques to deciding if management should intervene, they explore how to foster inclusivity and harmony—especially during the holiday season. The episode also covers related dilemmas of exchanging holiday cards and gifts and participating in external parties and events. Beckie and Dr. Ward share real-world examples of workplace exclusion, highlighting how subtle behaviors can escalate into significant morale and team problems. Join this insightful discussion to ensure the holidays bring joy, not drama, to your clinic. Don't miss practical advice for navigating these seasonal challenges and creating a culture of respect and inclusion. If you enjoy our podcast, please leave us a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts or your preferred platform. Your support helps us connect with more veterinary colleagues. We'd love to hear your thoughts on this topic! #veterinary #veterinarytechnician #veterinary #podcast #veterinarypodcast #vettechpodcast #vetpodcast

The supremely talented DJ Plead launches us into a mind warping world of percussive pleasures and dexterous genre bending, with his trademark agile club rhythms and pacy low end palpitations on full display in episode 303! @1djplead Q. What inspiration did you draw upon when planning this mix, and what type of listening environment could you imagine it being easily enjoyed in? A. I actually looked through my rekordbox history from a recent Animalia night I played in Naarm and drew some inspiration from that. When listening back to the mix I can imagine it being played for a semi-casual game of Futsal or something like that. I feel like there are some light-footed tracks in there that would be useful to some nimble futsal players. Q. Are there any songs in the mix that are especially close to your heart, and what is it about these cuts that resonate with you so much? A. Mata by Nidia & Valentina It's taken off a truly sublime Album that I draw lots of inspiration from. It's simultaneously organic and loose and club-playable, which is a tough one to get right. It's something I'm constantly trying to achieve but they seem to have done it effortlessly. Dotted by Cliques I actually tried to google to see if I've ever put this tune in another guest mix before. I probably have, so I'll apologise for that now. Cliques has always had a big influence on me since I started producing music. They've since stopped producing themselves which is a shame but I always play their old tunes out if I can. RIP Cliques.. Q. One of the things I've been fascinated with in your DJ sets (the Sustain-Release set for example) is your mixing of polyrhythms to seamlessly bridge tempos throughout a set. How did you first get inspired to experiment with this style and what are some of otherwise conflicting genres/sounds that have blended nicely? A. My DJing style is at times an extension of my music production. I think this might be a good example of that. The sustain release transition from 150 to 100 is using a tune that I produced years ago in a 3/4 time signature. I've produced a few tunes over the past few years that are able to do that. It just allows me at times to bounce around to different worlds and stops me from feeling stuck in a tempo-range. I haven't done it so much recently but I'd like to get back into doing it. It can create a really strange feeling for the audience. At Sustain-Release, a lot of the audience were on hallucinogens so it felt appropriate to get trippy in that way. It's harder to pull off in a nightclub environment. I'm no longer sure what the original inspiration for experimenting with this style was. Playing a lot of tunes that have a polyrhythm in them can often make you feel like you have the option to dance at two different tempos.

We revisit the idea of how to find your "tribe" and discuss what if you don't want one! This was a fun conversation with some good insight from the Suite Talkers. We weigh the pros and cons of being an "unaffiliated swinger" and decide if that's what we are. Let us know where you think you fit.As always, thanks for listening!Support the people who support this show:Shameless Care (promo code: SUITELIFE)Expansive Connection!Foambusters.com!Be sure to SUBSCRIBE, RATE, & REVIEW! We appreciate any and all feedback!Check out our show and MANY others on FullSwapRadio!How to stay in-touch with us:Email: thesuitelifepodcast@gmail.comFollow us here for info on upcoming LIVE episodes:Instagram: @thesuitelifepodcastTwitter: @suitelifepodFacebook: Livin' the Suite Life (Tryst Loq Suitelife)Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE to the Livin' the Suite Life Podcast YouTube Channel!

Follow CreepTime & leave us a review! *2025 CreepTime U.S. TOUR* CreepTime the Podcast is coming to a city near you!  Go to⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ creeptime.com/tour⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get your tickets to come see CreepTime LIVE *Join CreepTime Premium* Subscribe to CreepTime Premium to unlock ALL hidden episodes (ad-free on Spotify or 2-weeks FREE on Apple Podcasts) - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Subscribe Now⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow The Hosts Follow Sylas - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Insta⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Stew - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Insta⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Shop Merch See the CreepTime shop - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Shop Now⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Suggest A Case See case visuals, make suggestions, and join discussions - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Reddit⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Our Other Shows Listen to “CreepTime: After Dark” - Available on⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Listen to “The Sinister” - Available on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Get Magic Mind at 50% off with the Black Friday offer, available only through my link until December 6th: https://magicmind.com/CREEPTIMEBF

This week's Big Question: How do cliques rob us of the joy of thick/biblical community? To listen to the rest of the podcasts in this series, go to the enCourage Podcast Web Page. Coaching our Crazy Resources: Karen: Book - Closer Than a Sister by Christina Fox Susan: enCourage Blog -  Gospel Friendship: An Important Consideration for the Church by Susan Shepherd 

Today we're studying 3 Nephi 18:25 in just one minute! Grab your scriptures and let's dive into them together! And grab study guides for the whole family here:  - To get Cali's scripture study guide for adults click here:  https://comefollowmestudy.com/shop/ Discount code: OMSS - To get Kristen's scripture study guides click here: Kids Study Guide, Teens Study Guide, Combined Teens AND Kids Study Guides: https://kristenwalkersmith.com/start-here-scripture-study-guides/ Get our 365-day Book of Mormon daily devotional book: https://amzn.to/4016Xob

1.Mr Traumatik/Frenzee - Smile 2.Boketto- Pushback 3.Rudimental/Mystic Marley/Flowdan - Ram Pam 4.Drum Dad & Bass Boy - Speechless 5.Zapya - Skatta (feat. Lynx) 6.Dark3z - Architect 7.Enei - Sinking VIP (Joey Illah Remix) 8.Rockwell/Novelist - Peak (Serum Remix) 9.Wood Packa - Mosh Pit Rumbles 10.Icicle & Sp:Mc - Dreadnaught (Break Remix) 11.Feed the Fire/Wolf Pax - My Element 12.Moekel - Yantra (I Got The Music) 13.Casper Levy - Evolution 14.Hebra, Vandermou - Tribalero 15.Dr. Apollo - Mainstage 16.Mandidextrous/Matt Scratch - Night Raver 17.Vluarr - Ascend 18.Circadian & System F - Cry 19.it is Jev - Intersection 20.Skellytn & Coppa - Keys To The Rave 21.Dan Discover - Ghetto Womp 22.Dope Ammo, Zen Lewis, D A Connekt, Assemble - Strangers (Original Sin Remix) 23.A.M.C - I See You 24.Dark Soul - Bring The Beat 25.DC Breaks - Exoplanet 26.ILL-Fated - Noble Sacrifice 27.TR Tactics - Sound Gun 28.HighThere, Miro - Depart The Ends 29.SLWDWN - Simulation 30.ChaseR - Duality 31.Onetral - Icarus 32.Brutal Bassline - Connection 33.RageMode & PVC - Run 34.SkipFeed - Simple Decision 35.PIRAPUS - Go Back (We Can't) 36.LEVELA - Cascade 37.Basstripper - Time To Go 38.Dux n Bass, Yen, Moz - Cardio 39.C-DU - Punk Fun 40.Jinx - What Would You Do 41.Stimpy - Roar 42.Mako - True Expression 43.Minor Forms/Freddy B - In Session 44.Noise Parfumerie - Chessboard 45.Dwonji, Redline Warriors - Strike 46.James Marvel, MC Mota - Bun Bun (Original Dub Mix) 47.MISSIN - Juncture 48.Unglued x Urbandawn - Staccato 49.Tom Hostile, Proton Kid - The Leap 50.CLIQUES. - Rave Sequence (Kravitz Remix) 51.Samurai Breaks - Exercise Riddim 52.Hugh Hardie - New Season (feat. PVC & Luvly) 53.Radiax - Underwall 54.Tempt Fate - Rush 55.Ekko & Sidetrack - Question What I Know 56.Exile - Hidden Hearts 57.Pola & Bryson - Waterfall 58.Blue Marble - Light of Day 59.Voicians - Lost At Sea

Мой сет с Крымской версии Пиратской Станции Космос, ловите позитивный вайб и заряженные качем треки.. (Запись не с начала, поэтому треклист выглядит так, как выглядит)) GVOZD vibez 3.Dirtyphonics - Panache 4.CaitC - Fever 5.Ekko & Sidetrack- Keep The Energy 6.Jessee- Turn It Up 7.artemas - I like way kiss me (culture shock d&b flip) 8.Dimension & Alison Wonderland - Satellite 9.T & Sugah - Throw It Back 10.Oliverse & Ellii - wish. 11.Denver UK & Jess Robyn - Moment 12.Andromedik/Luka - Paradise 13.Basement Jaxx - Good Luck (Circadian Remix) 14.Pirapus, Brody Leigh - Supernova 15.Future Prophecies - Take me to the sun 16.Rex Hooligan - You Get Me High 17.A-Cray & Zigi SC - Bailalo VIP 18.CLIQUES. & JFB - Ninja Frog (Original Mix) 19.Dux n Bass & Dread MC - Zone 20.Benny Benassi, The Biz - Satisfaction (Netsky Remix) 21.INFINULL - In Your Face 22.Apokain - Techno 23.Cacumen - 1618 24.Tanukichi & Jman - Way Of The Samurai 25.DC2, Punchman - Impulse 26.Skrimor - Boogie Woogie 27.Fade Duste - Ancient Drums 28.Quyver - Underground 29.Creafect - Creatures 30.Dark Soul & STRUNO - Peresvet 31.Mob Tactics - Straitjacket VIP 32.Akov/Multiplex - VIBE 33.DUBLIC & Rachel Philipp - Miss U (Liveon Remix) 34.Teddy Killerz - Feeling Low 35.Dan Dakota, Blooom - Yot Klub (Blooom Rework) 36.T95, NCT - Pull Dat 37.Benny Page & MC Funsta - I Luv DnB 38.Drumsound & Bassline Smith - Hardcore Junglist 39.DSG x Marcus Zero - No Fate 40.Teddy Killerz & MC Spyda - Hardcore Riddim 41.Perimetre, Fellon - Elastic 42.Fox Stevenson - Don't Know What 43.Freaks Out Sound - No Limits 44.Катя Чехова - Крылья (DC2 Remix) 45.InisdeInfo & Rudram - Ancestral 46.Carasel, T>I - Bubble 47.Vici & Speaker Louis - Henchman 48.Roni Size & Reprazent - Brown Paper Bag (Crissy Criss Plastic Bag Mix) 49.Adam F - Brand New Funk Revisited (Bladerunner remix)

GVOZD vibez: 1.Winslow - Peaced Out (DJ Edit) 2.Mage & Dk Foyer - Oh Sweety 3.oneBYone - Run 4.SLESS - Alone (Original Mix) 5.Xylym - Love The Freak 6.Dr. Apollo - Mainstage 7.Hurma feat. Goblinaxe - Robis (Original Mix) 8.NMT - Neurojazz 9.Kexit - Turn it back 10.Skrimor - Juicy Lips 11.Freaks Out Sound - Anomaly 12.Nais - Monks 13.Skrimor - Gas (Mythic Image Remix) 14.Brutal Bassline - Charged 15.Gydra- Plumber 16.it is Jev - Intersection 17.Makeyna - On Depth (Original Mix) 18.Tanukichi, Zombie Cats & Bob Ranks - Acid Drop 19.SLWDWN/Malcuth/Coppa - Eternal 20.Murmura - Leave that Race (Original Mix) 21.Skrimor - Last Wish (OZMA remix) 22.Inerpois & Backup - Ravers 23.Brutal Bassline - Waveform 24.Gydra - Tribe 25.MISSIN - Juncture 26.Urbandawn - bailejungle 27.Ozma & Lowriderz & Kashin & Folk Pro - Экшн 28.Loudek - Shame 29.Minor Forms/Amoss - Take Note 30.BTK and Cold Fusion - Something Sick (Original Mix) 31.Minor Forms/Freddy B - In Session 32.Ozma & Lowriderz & AUM RAA - ГОДЗИЛЛА 33.SLWDWN/A-Cray/Holotrope - In My Mind 34.Akuma, Gigan - Take Cover 35.Moekel - Yantra (I Got The Music) 36.357 - Amaterasu 37.Tenkei- Ougon 38.M@shinist - Compliance (Original Mix) [Basseffect] 39.Visionobi & OZOH - Oculus 40.Mako - True Expression 41.Hugh Hardie - Darkstar (feat. TomInTheChamber) 42.Kach - Mom Alcoholic (Original Mix) 43.Shayper - Iteration V10 (You Got Soul) 44.Glitch City - Down The Rabbit Hole 45.Isaac Maya & Doktor - Start It 46.Basstripper - Time To Go 47.Aphrodite and Pablo Valencia - Strength In Acid 48.Dunk & Dj Zent - Ready When You Are 49.Telm & Wilson - Motion Dub feat. MC Cypha (Original mix) 50.Dj Zent - Run Da Riddum 51.Jinx - What Would You Do 52.Bob Marley - One Love Potential Badboy ft. Demolition Man and Ardimann MC remix 53.CLIQUES. - Rave Sequence (Kravitz Remix) 54.Jungie - Summer Dub 55.Dutta - Old Days 56.Mako, Fields & Hydro - Suspension 57.Da Real Sound, Gary Forbes, MC DRS - Never Live Without You (Gravit-e Remix) 58.AKAS & Georgia Phoenix - Wickedest Wine (Original Mix) 59.Soulfil, Mali Lloyd - How You Want It 60.Neuronex - In Silent 61.Hugh Hardie - New Season (feat. PVC & Luvly) 62.Degs x Hoax - Don't Be Gone Too Long 63.ONISM - Astral Plain 64.Virtue - Second Guessing 65.Grinda - Day and Night 66.Audioscribe - Love Yourself 67.Xorgen, Mailky, Frosper - Lucky 68.Aaron Payne - Deserving 69.Metal Work - What To Say 70.Ассаи - Прогулки в никуда (antoanesko bootleg) 71.Latncy - Waves 72.Physics - Ice & Fire feat. Kalin Saleh (Original Mix) 73.Destiny - Faded (Original Mix) 74.In Most - Wibble

In this bite-sized summer episode of "Stepping into your Leadership," host Christine Courtney is joined by two expert guests, Erika Petrelli and Tom Armstrong, to tackle a common leadership challenge: managing team dynamics when cliques form and some members feel excluded.Erika and Tom share valuable insights on recognizing these situations as a normal part of team development and offer practical strategies for fostering a more inclusive and collaborative environment. From authentic team-building activities to promoting open communication and understanding among team members, they provide actionable tips for leaders to navigate these challenges effectively.The episode also features a lightning round where Erika and Tom share their top book recommendations for leadership growth, advice for aspiring leaders, and their favorite techniques for prioritizing tasks during busy days.Whether you're a seasoned leader or just stepping into a leadership role, this episode is packed with wisdom and practical strategies to help you create a thriving, cohesive team. Tune in now and discover how you can take your leadership skills to the next level! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In today's episode: When employees don't feel safe to share criticisms and problems, meetings become useless. If the real conversations are happening after the meeting, then something has gone wrong. It has to be safe to say "I was wrong" in official conversations. Culture Leaders Daily is a daily, five-minute podcast for CEOs where we dissect the week's biggest news, unpack hot-button workplace trends, and bring you exclusive interviews with leaders who leverage culture to drive real business results. Today's podcast is a short clip from Jessica's Culture Leaders interview with David McRaney. You can find the entire conversation on this podcast feed or watch it on YouTube. Website: https://www.davidmcraney.com/ Jessica Kriegel: Website: https://www.jessicakriegel.com/ LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessicakriegel Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jess_kriegel/ Culture Partners: Website: https://culturepartners.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/culturepartners/

Am I the Genius? on

What's up Rock Nation, today we welcome the legendary MTVJesse. Jesse is well-known for his time with NELK and building the empire of FULL SEND merch. After seven years of partying and pranking people for a living, Jesse decided to walk away from the company he build from the company he build from the ground up. We talked to Jesse's about his new venture's, Sunday and Bloody Sunday, and what life has been like post NELK. The Creator Pricing Guide - The No BS Guide to Pricing Your Creative ServicesCoupon Code: ROCKNATION10 gets you $10 off at checkout for the bouldershttps://courses.thecreatorcoach.com/pricing-guideCollab with Artlist and get 2 extra months for free here:https://artlist.io/artlist-70446?artlist_aid=the505podcast_2970&utm_source=affiliate_p&utm_medium=the505podcast_2970&utm_campaign=the505podcast_2970Join our Discord! https://discord.gg/xgEAzkqAvsKostas' Amazon Storefront:https://amzn.to/3GhId25Concert Photography Masterclass:www.kostasgarcia.com/masterclass15% OFF Prism Lens FX with code: KOSTAS15https://bit.ly/42sNdejCOP THE BFIGGY "ESSENTIALS" SFX PACK HERE: https://courses.thecreatorcoach.com/BFIGGYSFXPACKTimestamps: 0:00 - Trailer1:15 - Intro3:05 - One Handed Crack4:18 - Jesse talks his new warehouse studio5:14 - Choosing a specific green for Sunday6:43 - What Jesse learned from NELK's marketing8:33 - When the idea for Sunday started10:24 - Jesse was playing a character for seven years12:28 - Creating the Sh*thole series14:12 - Creating content for the audience vs. for yourself16:10 - How the Sunday team works together17:08 - Sunday vs. Bloody Sunday explained19:59 - What brands mess up with marketing21:52 - What motivates Jesse now24:26 - Why Jesse makes such high quality clothing25:47 - Why Drop Style marketing works with clothing28:05 - When 10 Minutes determines the whole brands success29:10 - Terrible fashion trends31:36 - Creating a brand around a specific pantone color33:53 - How Jesse measures success35:07 - What Jesse's struggled with regarding Sunday37:04 - Building company culture39:02 - Cliques are the most dangerous thing for a company41:29 - Why NELK decided to first make merch44:47 - Getting recognized in the early days of NELK45:58 - RONA SEASON48:28 - How Jesse comes up with the marketing for his brands50:14 - Selling out Sunday's first drop52:27 - The turning point for Jesse and Sunday53:47 - Biggest boxing upset55:00 - Turning a first time buyer into a loyal customer57:36 - Paid ads vs organic content1:02:41 - Where Jesse draws his inspo1:03:39 - Jesse's best flatground trick1:04:44 - How to reinvent yourself1:08:36 - Jesse's Daily Routine1:14:47 - Why we're craving in person connection1:17:21 - Some Kids launching in Zumiez1:20:48 - Does Jesse worry about burning out1:21:54 - Advice to your 18 year old selfIf you liked this episode please send it to a friend and take a screenshot for your story! And as always, we'd love to hear from you guys on what you'd like to hear us talk about or potential guests we should have on. YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/@kostasgarcia/featuredDM US ON IG: (Our DM's are always open!) Bfiggy: https://www.instagram.com/bfiggy/ Kostas: https://www.instagram.com/kostasg95/ Chase: https://www.instagram.com/chaseronii/ TikTok:Bfiggy: https://www.tiktok.com/bfiggy/ Kostas: https://www.tiktok.com/kostasgarcia/

01. Calculon/Stunna/Devoe - Liquid Summer 02. Dj Marky & Xrs & Makoto - Soul Samba (Dj Marky & Makoto Remix 2024) 03. Antoanesko - Brass Madness (Original Mix) [Basseffect] 04. Peshay, Krazeman - Maliblues 05. Sigil - Embers feat. El Tribe 06. Aimless Dreamer - Shuriken 07. Unknown Artist - Return Of The Mack 08. Peshay & Krazeman - If I Could Fly 09. Zeppho - Going On Repeat 10. Phadix - Everyday 11. Duoscience - From Brasil 12. Sd - Gold And Rust 13. Pyxis - Into The Light 14. Archangel - Celos 15. Mark Slavin - Daydreamer 16. Duoscience - Sea Path 17. Adam F - Brand New Funk Revisited (Adam F Reboot) 18. Carlito - Fiesta En La Playa 19. Aries & Dj Gaw & David Boomah - You 20. Cafe Disko, Cam Daniels - Be With You 21. Lian Feldd - As Above, So Below 22. Dnmo & Cammie Robinson - Don't Let Me Go 23. Finnadrift - Second Place 24. Headread feat. Ellip - Bluebird 25. Nasz - Close 26. Degs X Nct - Malkia (Extended Mix) 27. Constrict - Aquarius Girl 28. Ben Vibrant - Down Under 29. Cliques. - Unconditional Love 30. Hiraeth, Alexvnder, Leniz - The Truth (Leniz Remix) 31. Altered Noise - Sanctuary 32. Peshay/Krazeman - Point Peak 33. Dj Nai - Samba Do Aviao 34. Duoscience - Chapter 7 35. Solah - Stick Around 36. Mohican Sun - Absolution 37. Fernando Ferreira - Lose Control 38. Rafau Etamski - Hold Me 39. Charlotte Plank - Nightshift 40. Peshay/Krazeman - My Boogie 41. Crook & Sydney Bryce - Nothing Is Forever 42. Willy Mav - Memento 43. Sevin - Beer Goggles 44. Sundaygrooves - Loveletters 45. Ferice, Ruby Letitia - Searching 46. Rezilient - Break Free 47. Hugh Hardie - Yuzu 48. In:Most & Mistrust - Close 49. Trail & Visages - Comet 50. Rueben, Solah, Klinical - Your Move 51. Rezilient - Under My Skin 52. Dj-Flair & Mc-Ic - 3Am At Ronnie Scotts 53. Zero T/Onj - Jazz Type Thing 54. Ncamargo - Bella Vista 55. No Human Sound X Kiamya - Breathing (Radiax Remix) 56. Kuttin Edge - Flicker & Flash 57. Halogenix - I Told Ya 58. Low:R, Beo - Untouchable 59. Illarea - Heartfelt 60. Mohican Sun - Green Silk 61. Invadhertz - Cold Shoulder (feat. Tominthechamber) 62. Submorphics - Astroglider 63. Motiv - All I Want 64. Philth - Addiction (I Can Feel You) 65. Dauntless - Love Bombms 66. Pharoah & Flat T - Awakening 67. Fernando Ferreira - Old City Center 68. Rekwest - Pluck Me 69. Electrosoul System - The Expatriate 70. Headread - Thomas Jazz 71. Raiden - Manapiare (2024 Remaster) 72. Sunny Crimea - Visual Media 73. Syncline, Auris - Weather The Storm 74. Antoanesko - Perfect Moments 75. Eternal Echo - Mojave 76. Rag'N'Bone Man & P!Nk - Anywhere Away From Here (Maykors Edit) 77. Skuff - Lights Down Low

01. Calculon/Stunna/Devoe - Liquid Summer 02. Dj Marky & Xrs & Makoto - Soul Samba (Dj Marky & Makoto Remix 2024) 03. Antoanesko - Brass Madness (Original Mix) [Basseffect] 04. Peshay, Krazeman - Maliblues 05. Sigil - Embers feat. El Tribe 06. Aimless Dreamer - Shuriken 07. Unknown Artist - Return Of The Mack 08. Peshay & Krazeman - If I Could Fly 09. Zeppho - Going On Repeat 10. Phadix - Everyday 11. Duoscience - From Brasil 12. Sd - Gold And Rust 13. Pyxis - Into The Light 14. Archangel - Celos 15. Mark Slavin - Daydreamer 16. Duoscience - Sea Path 17. Adam F - Brand New Funk Revisited (Adam F Reboot) 18. Carlito - Fiesta En La Playa 19. Aries & Dj Gaw & David Boomah - You 20. Cafe Disko, Cam Daniels - Be With You 21. Lian Feldd - As Above, So Below 22. Dnmo & Cammie Robinson - Don't Let Me Go 23. Finnadrift - Second Place 24. Headread feat. Ellip - Bluebird 25. Nasz - Close 26. Degs X Nct - Malkia (Extended Mix) 27. Constrict - Aquarius Girl 28. Ben Vibrant - Down Under 29. Cliques. - Unconditional Love 30. Hiraeth, Alexvnder, Leniz - The Truth (Leniz Remix) 31. Altered Noise - Sanctuary 32. Peshay/Krazeman - Point Peak 33. Dj Nai - Samba Do Aviao 34. Duoscience - Chapter 7 35. Solah - Stick Around 36. Mohican Sun - Absolution 37. Fernando Ferreira - Lose Control 38. Rafau Etamski - Hold Me 39. Charlotte Plank - Nightshift 40. Peshay/Krazeman - My Boogie 41. Crook & Sydney Bryce - Nothing Is Forever 42. Willy Mav - Memento 43. Sevin - Beer Goggles 44. Sundaygrooves - Loveletters 45. Ferice, Ruby Letitia - Searching 46. Rezilient - Break Free 47. Hugh Hardie - Yuzu 48. In:Most & Mistrust - Close 49. Trail & Visages - Comet 50. Rueben, Solah, Klinical - Your Move 51. Rezilient - Under My Skin 52. Dj-Flair & Mc-Ic - 3Am At Ronnie Scotts 53. Zero T/Onj - Jazz Type Thing 54. Ncamargo - Bella Vista 55. No Human Sound X Kiamya - Breathing (Radiax Remix) 56. Kuttin Edge - Flicker & Flash 57. Halogenix - I Told Ya 58. Low:R, Beo - Untouchable 59. Illarea - Heartfelt 60. Mohican Sun - Green Silk 61. Invadhertz - Cold Shoulder (feat. Tominthechamber) 62. Submorphics - Astroglider 63. Motiv - All I Want 64. Philth - Addiction (I Can Feel You) 65. Dauntless - Love Bombms 66. Pharoah & Flat T - Awakening 67. Fernando Ferreira - Old City Center 68. Rekwest - Pluck Me 69. Electrosoul System - The Expatriate 70. Headread - Thomas Jazz 71. Raiden - Manapiare (2024 Remaster) 72. Sunny Crimea - Visual Media 73. Syncline, Auris - Weather The Storm 74. Antoanesko - Perfect Moments 75. Eternal Echo - Mojave 76. Rag'N'Bone Man & P!Nk - Anywhere Away From Here (Maykors Edit) 77. Skuff - Lights Down Low

Have you ever felt like you've grown and healed, but the people around you haven't? In today's episode, I'm joined by my friend and therapist, Dr. Monique Gadson, for a powerful conversation about how to ignite change not only within ourselves but also within the systems we're deeply connected to—whether that's our families, churches, or work environments. Here's what we cover: 1. Dr. Monique's insights from her work as a therapist within a church setting (8:06) 2. The difference between toxic cultures and imperfect human gatherings (17:00) 3. How kindness can sometimes hinder growth (29:07) 4. How to be "in" but not "of" a system (36:04) 5. The effects of culture-wide PTSD (38:35) 6. Practical ways to find and nurture hope (43:45) Find a full transcript and list of resources from this episode here. If you enjoyed this episode, you'll love: Episode 33: People Pleasing & Developing Your Own Inner Compass—Thoughts on Depression, Mental Health & the Church, and Finding Hope in Dark Places w/ Dr. Monique Gadson Episode 60: How to Make New Friends, Identify Red & Green Flags, & Extract Yourself From an Unhealthy Situation w/ Aundi Kolber & Dr. Monique Gadson Episode 73: True Belonging vs. Groupthink, Cliques, & Trying to Fit In—How to Belong to Others While Staying True To Yourself Thanks to our sponsors: Register for the Broken to Beloved Conference here Go to www.organifi.com/bestofyou today and use code BESTOFYOU for 20% off your order today. Go to AquaTru.com and enter code BESTOFYOU at checkout to get 20% OFF any AquaTru purifier! Head to airdoctorpro.com and use promo code BESTOFYOU to receive UP TO 39% Get 40% off your first order of Sundays. Go to SundaysForDogs.com/BESTOFYOU or use code BESTOFYOU at checkout. Go to thrivemarket.com/bestofyou for 30% off your first order, plus a FREE $60 gift! Visit cozyearth.com and unlock an exclusive 35% off with code BESTOFYOU. Music by Andy Luiten Sound editing by Kelly Kramarik While Dr. Cook is a counselor, the content of this podcast and any of the products provided by Dr. Cook are not specific counseling advice nor are they a substitute for individual counseling. The content and products provided on this podcast are for informational purposes only. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Nathan Regier, your host, welcomes Joe Mull, who is an expert in developing leaders and building healthy work teams and cultures. Joe approaches the challenges of attracting and retaining talent in a unique way. He's the author of 3 books, including No More Team Drama and his newest, Employalty. He hosts the globally popular management podcast Boss Better Now, and his work as a leadership, workforce, and employee engagement expert has appeared in Entrepreneur, Fortune, Fast Company, and The Wall Street Journal.   Key Takeaways: [3:06] Joe made up the word “Employalty”  in an effort to translate the complex into the simple: Employer, Loyalty, and Humanity. [4:05] The subtitle of Joe's book is powerful: How to Ignite Commitment and Keep Top Talent in the New Age of Work; what does he mean by New Age of Work? [5:39:] What are some of the biggest challenges we are facing today regarding leadership, the workforce, and employee engagement? [6:43] Joe talks about the people who decide to become entrepreneurs. [8:49] Joe addresses the missing aspects no one is talking about. [10:14] Joe describes the ingredients for commitment. [11:19] Where does the great boss factor lay? [11:45] The key to talent retention: Join, stay, care, and try. [14:14] Joe dives deep into what motivates employees. [16:20]  Why does Joe still use the word 'boss'? [19:50] What is Joe's most enlightening idea? [21:25] Creating a more humane workplace starts with a simple question: What would make this place the very best place to thrive in your profession? [23:00] Joe discusses the business case and the necessary mind shift to retain talent. [24:06] Commitment + effort benefits every area of work. [24:50] What are the most significant barriers to engaging in the mind shift needed at workplaces to make them more humane? [27:17] Joe discloses a funny story behind the creation of his latest book. [30:17] How do Joe's principles show up in his life? [32:55] Joe helps people identify what their Ideal jobs look like.   Mentioned in this episode: The Compassion Mindset Compassionate Accountability: How Leaders Build Connection and Get Results, Nate Regier Visit Next-Element   No More Team Drama: Ending the Gossip, Cliques, & Other Crap That Damage Workplace Teams, Joe Mull   Employalty: How to Ignite Commitment and Keep Top Talent in the New Age of Work, Joe Mull    Tweetables: “The secret to getting great people who will do a great job is  to create a more humane employee experience.” #oncompassion   “An ideal job is described by how it fits into someone's life..” #oncompassion   “Money has little to do with the effort we put into the work we do. Money impacts motivation but doesn't increase it.” #oncompassion   “People are not quitting; they are upgrading.” #oncompassion   “Commitment results from doing meaningful work for a great boss.” #oncompassion  

Pruf Guestmix: 01. Pruf - Jedi 02. Pruf - Set It On Fire 03. Majistrate - Carnage(Toxinate Remix) 04. Pruf - My Style(Free) 05. Pruf - Syndicate 06. Pruf - Days Gone(Vip) 07. Pruf - Shutter Island 08. Sub Zero - Bounce 09. Pruf - The Parasite 10. Pruf - Abaddon 11. Infrared - Selecta 12. Pruf - The Future Ours 13. Pruf - Streets Of Rage 14. Pruf - Butterfly 15. Pruf - Dynamite 16. Mozey, B Live 247, B Live - Robocop 17. Pruf - Acid Shot 18. Pruf - Give Me A Break 19. Pruf - Xtc 20. Pruf - Soprano 21. Pruf - Robocop 22. Pruf - Like Day 23. Pruf - Energy Storm 24. Pruf - Help To Me 25. Pruf - Example 26. Pruf - Countdown 27. Pruf - Puls 28. Pruf - Crossvault 29. Pruf - In You Life 30. Pruf - Ghost Town 31. Pruf & Mc Beels - Valhalla 32. Pruf - Allien Attack 33. Pruf - Found Anomaly 34. Pruf - Believe In Life 35. Pruf - Monstercat 36. Toxinate - Outback 37. Complex & Pruf- Little Birdy 38. Pruf - Hands Up 39. Pruf - Around The Corner GVOZD vibez: 01. Cliques., Cherry - Free 02. Phadix - Universe 03. Future Prophecies - Take Me To The Sun 04. Used - Dangerous Game 05. D-Sabber - Direct 06. T & Sugah - Throw It Back 07. Chris Lorenzo - Pump (1991 Remix) 08. Armodine - Naughty Girl 09. Dan Dakota, Blooom - Yot Klub (Blooom Rework) 10. Eskr - Static Route 11. Reaper, Stace Cadet - Seconds 12. Shockone - Open Your Mind (Tantron Remix) 13. Stonx - Supernova Zero 14. The In Kill - I'Ll Show You 15. Coppa & Brazed - Strange Things 16. Sicknote & Djss - Cant. Help Myself 17. Carasel, Night Shift - Year Of The Dragon 18. Teddy Killerz & Mc Spyda - Hardcore Riddim 19. Mob Tactics - Straitjacket Vip 20. Current Value - Vital Signs 21. Tanukichi - Lifeline 22. Durability - Break The Silence (Original Mix) 23. Zack Meow - Soldier (Drumago Remix) 24. Eastcolors - Charging Point 25. Apom - Koto (Dunk Remix) 26. Irontype - Voice In The Dark 27. Waeys - Stopping Turning 28. Thew - Peak 29. Skorpion - Dark Hours 30. Holographic - Moon Glass Vip 31. Kadilak - Get Dark 32. Dizrupt - Schulibalin 33. Carasel, T>I - Bubble 34. Chook - Echoes Of Existence 35. Tlz (Uk) & Madrush Mc - Back Again (Invadhertz Remix) 36. Perplex - Clean Up (Original Mix) 37. Human Theory Hypnotise 38. Meduza, Turno Fire (Turno Remix) 39. Divicioux Holding On 2 U 40. Gourski - Breaking Chains (Feed The Fire Remix) 41. Zarine - Assay 42. Cxm - Mini Skirt 43. Korshoon - Not Chicken 44. Keith Rinse It, Degra - Now Im Hot 45. Juiceman - Falling For You 46. Marley - Look Mama (Mykool Remix Radio Edit) 47. Sustance, Sparkz - Take The Risk 48. Anaã¯S X Sweetie Irie X Naomi Cowan - Real Hot 49. Pala Chrome - Concrete Jungle 50. Calibre - My Chances (2024 Remaster) 51. Antoanesko - Distance 52. Bredren - Just See 53. Dizarity - Crossroad 54. Gds & Luca Syn feat. Seirgio Jackson - Alone 55. Capital Dogz feat. Leona - Care Too Much 56. Nelver, Alpha Rhythm - Raindrops 57. Dj Zinc & Mia Kirkland - Leave It All Behind 58. Qumulus, Kinsella - Truth 59. Sulkr - Unrequited (Original Mix) 60. Lsb, T.R.A.C., Stamina Mc - Vibe 61. Soulstructure - The Rebirth (With Tim Cant)

On today's episode of the Claret & Blue podcast, Dan Rolinson and John Townley are back to answer all your Aston Villa questions, all the topics covered are listed below with handy time-codes if you want to jump around to different sections.

The culture at a school can be difficult to navigate. Cliques, tense relationships with administration, negativity--these can all make the already hard work of teaching extra hard, and sometimes lonely. Listen in as Linda and Karly share about how to care about your fellow educators and make a difference at your school. Get notes + links at https://teach4theheart.com/313

A full episode, in which I breakdown all of the issues that come up when you as a business owner allow for cliques to be formed in the workplace. MakeYaMove.com AswandC.com D1Transfer.com

Beyond the Sessions is answering YOUR parenting questions! In this episode, Dr. Rebecca Hershberg, Dr. Emily Upshur, and I talk about...     2:27 - Reframe your goal from being about maintaining the specific friendships to be about maintaining the social skills your child has acquired over the school year instead.   4:13 - Using summer as your child's opportunity to get to try something new and allow them to explore different parts of themselves.   6:26 - If a child has struggled in the past, the friendships they have may feel precious and fragile now, and that can make kids and parents alike feel anxious that this might go away.   10:12 - It's helpful not to measure your child's social success based on their age and encourage them to have friends who are a year or two younger, if that they are lacking some social skills.   14:43 - Tangible tips you can implement to support your child's social skills and encourage their building and maintaining deep friendships.   19:10 - Having a plan-b with a singular person activity can be helpful for your child to have in their back pocket to play with if they struggle to join into a social group.     ✨We want to hear from you! Go to https://drsarahbren.com/question to send us a question or a topic you want to hear us answer on Securely Attached - Beyond the Sessions! ✨

Last time we spoke about Feng Yuxiang and Zhang Zongchang. Both men were born into poverty, rose through the ranks of the military, earning popularity. Feng became known for his integrity and generosity. He played a pivotal role during the Xinhai Revolution and the subsequent warlord era, often switching allegiances opportunistically. Feng embraced Christianity and enforced discipline among his troops, earning the nickname "the Christian General." On the other side of the shoulder, Zhang Zongchang became infamous for his brutality and excesses as the "Dogmeat General." His rule over Shandong was marked by tyranny, corruption, and lavish indulgence. While Feng focused on discipline, education, and infrastructure, Zhang oppressed his subjects, enriching himself and his inner circle. Feng was often portrayed favorably, while Zhang reveled in his notorious reputation. Ultimately, they were emblematic figures of the tumultuous warlord era, shaping the course of Chinese history.   #96 Meet the Southern Warlords   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. So two episodes back I introduced you all to the Northern Warlords. The father of warlords, Yuan Shikai basically created them all. When Yuan Shikai built his Beiyang Army, many of his best officers became the Northern Warlords after his death. Thus the Northern Faction as its sometimes referred to, really was an elite club of Beiyang Generals who simply were vying for power. They were all scrambling to fund their private armies and whoever at any given time had the strongest force was able to exert control over the Beiyang government located in Beijing. Within this dynamic there was a quasi balance of power going on. For the most part it was dominated by the three largest cliques in the north, the Anhui Clique, Zhili Clique and Fengtian Clique. Yet this really only applied to Northern China. Going back in time somewhat you will remember, when Yuan Shikai stole the presidency, this led to multiple rebellions, notably sprouting in the southern provinces. Dr Sun Yat-Sen stepped down from the provisional presidency, but he had not given up on his dream of a real republic for China. After the assassination of Song Jiaoren in March 1913, many believed Yuan Shikai had ordered the hit. Yuan Shikai proceeded to abuse his power and this led to southern provinces declaring independence. First was Jiangxi, followed by Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian and so forth. This all culminated with the Second Revolution of 1913. Unfortunately for the rebels, Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army yet again proved their might, achieving a complete victory over their revolutionary uprisings. KMT loyalist politicians still refused to submit to Yuan Shikai, so he simply dissolved parliament and began reorganizing China using loyal military governors in the provinces. The KMT may have been dissolved, but they were not down for the count.  After Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, Dr. Sun Yat Sun established the Chinese Revolutionary Party on July 8th of 1914, but this time his old friends and colleagues refused to join him such as Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin, Chen Jiongming and Wang Jingwei. They had seen it all before. Everytime they created a movement against Yuan Shikai, he simply crushed them, they wanted no part of it. As a result, Dr Sun Yat-Sen lost the limelight, he went back into exile, biding his time. After Yuan Shikai's death, Dr Sun Yat-Sen returned to China where he formed a military Junta at Guangzhou to oppose the Beiyang government. The military Junta held a vote, electing Dr Sun Yat-Sen as Generalissimo. Wu Tingfang was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tang Shaoyi as Chief Finance Officer, although he did not accept the position, Cheng Biguang became the Chief Navy Officer and Hu Hanmin became the Chief Transportation officer. One of the first actions the Junta took was to denounce Duan Qirui and his colleagues as rebels and vowed they would reunify China in a grand “Northern Expedition”. With this proclamation, the Constitutional Protection War had officially begun. The war or better called a movement for now was basically the KMT's third revolution. It was put simply to defeat the Beiyang Government. However, not everyone saw eye to eye. In late 1917, many officials such as Tang Jiyao, Mo Rongxin, Lu Rongting and Tang Shaoyi convened a meeting with southwestern warlords. The purpose of the meeting was to see if they could recognize the Beiyang government and form a coalition with them, basically they were seeking a compromise with the Northern Warlords. Dr Sun Yat-Sen was outraged when he found out and placed blame on the southwestern warlords who he believed had sabotaged the Junta. He resigned angrily in May of 1918, going yet again into exile in Shanghai.While in Shanghai he found supporters and on October 10th of 1919 resurrected the KMT. After this point Dr Sun Yat-Sen would be in conflict with Southern Warlords, basically vying to control southern provincial bases of power. Initially this would be around Guangzhou and Guangdong. Now as most of you probably already know, while Dr Sun Yat-Sen founded the KMT, it ultimately was inherited by a man named Chiang Kai-Shek. Chiang Kai-Shek was born October 31st in Xikou, Zhejiang. He descended from a family of salt merchants. Early in life he became interested in the military. Now he lived during a rough time, China suffered military defeats, natural disasters, famine, rebellion en masse, unequal treaties and such. In 1906 after  his first visit to Japan he began pursuing a military career. He enlisted in the Baoding Military academy that year and then went to the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, a preparatory school for the IJA Academy for Chinese students. While there he became a revolutionary seeking to end the Qing Dynasty so a Han led Chinese republic could emerge. In 1908 he befriended Chen Qimei and it was Chen who introduced him into the Tongmenghui. After graduating from the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Chiang served in the IJA from 1909-1911.  When Chiang heard of the Wuchang uprising he rushed back to China, intending to serve as an artillery officer. He led a regiment in Shanghai under Chen Qimei. Then in 1912 there was a conflict between Chen Qimei and Tao Chengzhang, a revolutionary alliance leader who opposed Dr Sun Yat-Sen. Historians differ on what exactly happened, but its possible Chiang had a hand to play in the assassination of Tao. Regardless Chiang rose up through the ranks and continued to serve under Chen Qimei. Now Chen Qimei had friends in the underworld, such as the Green Gang led by Du Yuesheng. The Green Gang was a criminal syndicate in Shanghai and again historians differ on the extent, but it seems Chiang brushed shoulders with them often. Chiang Kai-Shek became a founding member of the KMT but found himself on the losing end of the Second Revolution in 1913. He fled to Japan in exile, but also secretly traveled to the Shanghai international settlement. Its said there he began working with underworld groups, like the Green Gang. On May 18th, 1916 Yuan Shikai had Chen Qimei assassinated, prompting Chiang to succeed him as leader of the KMT in Shanghai. In 1917 when Dr Sun Yat-Sen came back, Chiang quickly joined up with him, cultivating a spot as his number 2. Now I don't want to give away future episode content just yet, so I will stop it there for the KMT Clique.  The next clique as you may have guessed is of course the Chinese Communist Party. Now we talked quite a bit about its foundation, but for a refresher. After the May Fourth Movement of 1919, numerous foreign ideologies flooded into China, one was Marxism. The Russian Revolution had a profound impact on China. Hundreds of thousands of laborers during WW1 went over to Russia and found themselves stuck in the civil war. They came back and brought with them what they learnt. Two men in particular were greatly inspired by Marxism, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazaho, they were also the first two prominent Chinese figures to endorse Leninism and for a worldwide revolution to take place. They ushered in the New Culture Movement, then aided the May Fourth Movement, but by 1920 they both became very skeptical about reforming the current political situation of China. In 1921 the CCP was founded with help from the USSR. The founding national congress of the CCP was helped between July 23-30th 1921 with only 50 members, amongst whom were Li Dazho, Chen Duxiu and Mao Zedong. The CCP grew quickly, originally being held in a house in the Shanghai French Concession until they were caught by police. They moved to Jiaxing, Zhejiang, electing Chen Duxiu as their 1st General Secretary. Chen became “China's Lenin” and certainly the CCP continued to ally themselves to the USSR for both had a common enemy, Japan. Again just like with the KMT, while Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao were the initial leaders, Mao Zedong would inherit the leadership.  Mao Zedong was born December 26th of 1893 near Shaoshan in Hunan. His father was an impoverished peasant who grew to be one of the wealthiest farmers in Shaoshan. Mao grew up in rural Hunan and stated in memoirs he was regularly beaten by his father who was a very strict man. His mother, Wen Qimei was a devout buddhist and Mao would follow in her footests trying to become a Buddhist, but ultimately abandoning the path as a teenager. He received a confucian based education and his family arranged a marriage when he was 17 to Luo Yixiu, ultimately to unit their land-owning families. Mao refused to acknowledge the marriage and quickly moved away. The poor Luo was shamed by this and would die in 1910. Mao was a voracious reader, he loved the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margins from a young age and continued to read whatever he could get his hands on. Eventually his reading led him to a political awakening. He began reading Adam Smith, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley, Montequieu and other western works. He was also interested in history, he took a particularly interest to Napoleon Bonaparte and George Washington.  Mao moved to Changsha for middle school education in 1911 where he came into contact with the revolutionary fervor of the time. He was inspired by Dr Sun Yat-Sen, even wrote about how he thought he should become president in a school essay. Mao like many others cut off their queues during the Xinhai Revolution. Mao found himself joining a real army as a private soldier, but never saw any real combat. In 1912 he resigned from being a soldier and discovered socialism from a newspaper. Mao then enrolled in a police academy but dropped out. He then tried a soap-production school, law school, an economics school and a government run middle school, dropping out of all of them. He spent his time in Changsha's library, reading classical liberal works. Once his father figured out he was basically not doing anything but reading, he cut his allowance, forcing Mao to move into a hostel. Mao then tried to become a teacher and enrolled in the 1st normal school of Changsha. While there he befriend professor Yang Changjia who introduced him to the newspaper “the New Youth” by Chen Duxiu. Mao became inspired, and organized a Association for Student Self-Government that formed protests against school rules. He published articles in the New Youth beginning in 1917 and joined the Society of the Study of Wang Fuzhi, a revolutionary group in Changsha. He began reading about WW1, finding solidarity with the stories of soldiers, but also with workers. After graduating in 1919 he immediately moved to Beijing where his mentor Yang Changji had a job at Peking University. Yang got him a job as an assistant librarian to Li Dazhao. From here Mao became more and more influenced by Marxism, reading about the Russian revolution from the New Youth and books written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Mao joined Li Dazhao's study group becoming more and more enthralled with Marxism. He returned to Changsha working at a primary school while also organizing protests and promoting the New Culture movement there. Mao helped organize a general strike in Hunan, before he returned to Beijing to visit the terminally ill Yang Yangji. After this Mao moved to Shanghai where he met with Chen Duxiu and some prominent KMT members. Mao would brush shoulders with these KMT members often and became one of the founding members of the CCP. Again like with the KMT I don't wont to give away too much future events, so I will stop it there for the CCP. The next group was the Yunnan Clique who were born out of the Xinhai Revolution when Cai E declared Yunnan independent. Cai E had been the commander of the 37th Brigade of the New Army. After the Xinhai Revolution, Cai E tossed his lot in with Yuan Shikai, leaving behind Tang Jiyao to govern Yunnan. When Yuan Shikai initiated operation Walrus Emperor, Cai E covertly departed Beijing and returned to Yunnan to get the old gang back together. He was nearly assassinated on November 11th, but managed to flee to Japan and then Yunnan. Once back in Yunnan he established the local National Protection Army to fight Yuan Shikai. Cai E declared Yunnan independent again and quickly invaded southern Sichuan. Yuan Shikai sent his Beiyang Army south, but found this time his army was less than willing to fight. After Yuan Shikai's death, Cai E retained the position of governor-general over Yunnan and governor over Sichuan. The National Protection War bolstered Cai E as a national hero, however disaster struck in 1916 when he died suddenly of tuberculosis. His chief Lt Tang Jiyao inherited the mantle. Tang Jiyao brushed shoulders with Dr Sun Yat-Sen helping him set up his new KMT in Shanghai and would remain a KMT loyalist. Tang Jiyao also brushed shoulders with the Green Gang who helped him set up an opium trade in Yunnan. Opium grew exceptionally well in Yunnan, its climate was perfect for the plant. Like most of the cliques I will soon be talking about, events unfolded in Northern China that led southern provinces to feel another government was required. A few rival governments would come and go, but the first significant one would be established in Guangzhou and Tang Jiyao joined its committee. Within this government a political war was fought amongst numerous cliques, including Dr Sun Yat-Sen's KMT. As for those other Cliques that would do political battle, one would be the Guizhou Clique. The Guizhou Clique was founded by Liu Xianshi who was born in Xingyi Guizhou. Liu was born into a landlord family who were heavily involved in leading local militias during the late 19th century. He alongside his cousin Liu Xianqian were military men, like their father before them Liu Guanli, who was a regimental commander who helped suppress a Hui uprising. Liu Guanli bolstered his family name to the point the family became heavily dominant within the military forces of Guizhou. During the Wuchang Uprising, Guizhou was tossed into a panic. Li Xianshi went to the capital to help suppress the revolution. Meanwhile, Zhang Bailin, a Tongmenghui leader in Guizhou alongside others stormed the capital and forced the governor, Shen Yuqing to step down. On November 4th, they declared Guizhou independent. However the wannabe revolutionaries failed to take measures to protect their gains and soon Shen Yuqing was fighting back. Liu Xianshi found himself appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Privy Council of a provisional government. Thus emerged a battle between the revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries. The counter revolutionaries sought assistance and turned to the recently emerged strongman, Cai E of Yunnan. They asked him to invade Guizhou to stop the crisis. Cai E dispatched Tang Jiyao with some troops who entered Guizhou rather peacefully and began to organize proper governance. Then Cai E received panic messages from Tongmenghui Guizhou members asking him to not meddle in Guizhou affairs, and with Sichuan looking more appetizing he backed off. Cai E ordered Tang Jiyao to divert his forces and march into Sichuan. However Tang Jiyao complained that in order to comply he had to take a route through Guizhou and this resulted in his army being chased by revolutionary forces. Well that's one way of stating the story, the other is Tang Jiyao simply sought to conquer Guizhou. Regardless, Liu Xianshi helped Tang Jiyao launch a successful coup against the current Guizhou Junta. Thus Tang Jiyao became the military governor of Guizhou on March 4th of 1912 and Yuan Shikai recognized this a few months later. For his role, Liu Xianshi was appointed Minister of War. Tang Jiyao did what all decent dictators do, he massacred all revolutionary forces he could catch in the province. While Tang Jiyao was at the head, Liu Xianshi used his new political power to begin placing family members in prominent positions. In the meantime Tang Jiyao treated Guizhou like a fiefdom, forbidding modernization efforts and prevented any development of the KMT. It goes without saying Tang Jiyao was not beloved in Guizhou. In November of 1913, Cai E was placed under house arrest and stripped of his rank, so Tang Jiyao ran back to Yunnan to grab his position as governor. This left the mantle of Guizhou to fall into the hands of Liu Xianshi. When Yuan Shikai declared himself Emperor, Liu Xianshi initially kept Guizhou neutral, but as the situation looked more and more dire for Yuan Shikai, he bandwagoned and declared independence on January 27th, 1916. Liu Xianshi sent forces to fight in the National Protection War, then after Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang government appointed Liu Xianshi as the military governor over Guizhou. From there Liu Xianshi had pretty much dictatorial power and he soon went to work forming his own Guizhou clique. To make matters even more complicated, within the Guizhou clique were the Xingyi clique, of the Liu family because they came from Xingyi and the Tongzi clique led by Zhou Xicheng. Basically two families and others fought for dominance, leading to a cycle of assassinations followed by seizure of power. Now we come to the Old and New Guangxi Cliques. The Old Guangxi Clique came about after Governor Chen Bingkun declared Guangxi independ during the Wuchang uprising. After the rebellion, Yuan Shikai installed Lu Rongting as the military governor of Guangxi and during the second revolution Lu remained loyal. Yet when Yuan Shikai went Walrus emperor mode, Lu bandwagoned with Cai E and Tang Jiyao. Meanwhile Long Jiguang proclaimed Guangdong independent and after Yuan Shikai's death, Guangxi and Guangdong found themselves at war. The war largely came about when Dr Sun Yat-Sen split from the Guangzhou government, he dispatched a subordinate, Chen Jiongming to seize Guangzhou and effectively get rid of the Guangxi warlords. Both Long Jiguang and Chen Jiongming were KMT loyalists, thus this led Lu Rongting into a bitter war with Guangdong and even Yunnan got involved, and the whole mess saw the Old Guangxi clique beaten severely. Again I don't want to tell to much as it will be covered in future podcasts, but a hell of a mess, lot of backstabbing.  After the Guangxi-Guangdong wars, yes plural, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and Huang Shaohong formed the New Guangxi clique alongside a brand new Guangxi Army. Li Zongren was its commander in chief, Huang Shaohong deputy commander and Bai Chongxi chief of staff. They all worked together to kick Guangdong forces out of Guangxi and Li Zongren emerged the military governor over Guangxi. The New Guangxi clique came about during the formation of a new coalition I can't get into here. While both the old and new Guangxi cliques were on the smaller side, they would take part in the reunification of China. Next, although we spoke already a bit about them was the Guangdong Clique. Long Jiguang would die in 1918 leaving the mantle to fall onto Chen Jiongming. Cheng Jiongming had joined the Tongmenghui in 1906 and participated in a coup attempt in 1910 in Guangzhou. During the Xinhai revolution Chen Jiongming was part of another uprising in Guangzhou. After this Chen Jiongming received the post as commander in chief of the Guangdong Army and fought for the KMT. He did however butt heads with Dr Sun Yat-Sen, particularly over the direction of reform the KMT should take. Dr Sun Yat-Sen sought to unify China by force and institute change through a centralized government based on a one party system. Chen Jiongming sought a multiparty federalist system with Guangdong being the model province and hoped for a peaceful reunification of China. There would be a split between the two men and it would be quite violent. The Guangdong clique like the old and new Guangxi clique was again a small part of something bigger cooking in the south. The next is the Sichuan Clique which consisted of a loose group of smaller warlords each with their own regions within Sichuan. Each had their own defensive zone, with their own police, political and economic bases. There were not many large conflicts, it mostly came down to coalitions dismantling a disgruntled warlord. As I already mentioned, Yunnan invaded Sichuan during the Yuan Shikai days, and the local Sichuan warlords initially welcomed the Yunnanese, siding with them to declare independence. But as you can imagine, the Yunnanese soon were seen as overbearing and a lot of soured feelings erupted. This was only further soured when troops from Guizhou came into Sichuan. In 1916, the Sichuan troops were led by General Liu Cunhou who quickly established a ceasefire with the Guizhou and Yunnanese forces. Because of her geography, Sichuan was always relatively isolated from the rest of China, thus she turned inwards instead of outwards. For the majority of the warlord period Sichuan was split into half a dozen districts under military rule. During the late 1920s even into the 1930's 5 Sichuan warlords dominated the scene, Yang Sen, Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, Tian Songyao and Liu Xiang. Neither had enough power to take all the others on, thus there was a real balance of power at play. In a true game of thrones like fashion, the Sichuan scene was that of warlords forming secret alliance, pitting one against another, but no one ever truly dominated the province. Of the 5 Sichuan warlords, Liu Xiang would be the most influential. Liu Xiang dominated Chongqing and its surrounding areas. His territory straddled the Yangtze River, thus rich in maritime trade, in essence he wielded significant control over Sichuan's economy. By the 1930's Sichuan was ruled by Liu Xiang in the east; Liu Cunhou in the northeast adjoining Shaanxi; Tian Songyao in the north adjoining Gansu; Deng Xihou in the northwest adjoining Qinghai and Liu Wenhui in the southwest adjoining Xikang and Yunnan. Within a small central enclave was also Yang Sen.  After Yuan Shikai's death the province fell into quite a lot of disorder. All the district governors fought each other and quite often at that, but they rarely ever crossed the Sichuan border. The common people of Sichuan lived in despair and fear nicknamed their warlords as Rotten Melons or Crystal Monkey's. Liu Xiang was born in 1889 to a modest family, received a decent education and joined the military. He rose quickly and saw a lot of warfare. By 1926 he had established a strong base in Chongqing and he held onto it until his death. Now the standard troops of Sichuan were lesser than other parts of China. The Sichuan armies were funded largely by taxes levied on grain, salt and opium. Holding Chongqing along the Yangtze, Liu Xiang had an enormous economic base and thus managed to enrich himself and funded a large army. He enforced strict military discipline, though he was known to turn a blind eye to his officers' rackets. Despite this Liu Xiang's army had a lot of problems facing bandits in the rural areas. One of the other Sichuan Warlords, Yang Sen was quite flamboyant. His nickname was rat face because he had a small mouth. Yang Sen had a small enclave, but it consisted of Chengdu which he tried to clean up. He paved streets with flagstone to help increase rickshaw traffic, a rather new concept for many there. Chengdu happened to have a commodity all warlords wanted, an arsenal, so Yang Sen was by no means a poor warlord. While Sichuan seemed to always be in a state of decline, Chengdu in comparison was quite opulent and luxurious. Now again, and I keep saying it, I don't want to give up too much of the later stories, but Sichuan like many other southern provinces would join the Northern Expedition and help reunify China. Now despite the warlord era being technically ended in 1928 when China was reunified, in reality the warlords were around well into WW2. The Sichuan Clique would brush shoulders a lot with Chiang Kai Shek. During the Second Sino-Japanese War Liu Xiang led the Sichuan 15th Army during the battle of Shanghai and the 23rd Army Group during the battle of Nanjing. Later in 1938 he took 100,000 soldiers out of Sichuan to fight the Japanese, showcasing how far he had come as a commander as well as a warlord. Last there was the Hunan Warlords, a similar situation to that of Sichuan, just a lot more autonomous warlords. The first prominent Hunan Clique member was Tan Yankai, a member of the KMT who became the military governor of Hunan. Tan Yankai had connections amongst Guanxi warlords allowing him loose control over his province. He tried to arouse the people of Hunan to take active opposition to the Northern Warlords, but this prompted Duan Qirui to toss a Hunan born commander, Fu Liangzuo to come take his job. Tan Yankai was forced to take the job as civil governor while Fu became the warlord. Tan Yankai appealed to his Guangxi buddies for help. Even Tang Jiyao of Yunnan asked if he could invade Hunan to help, air quotes on help, but it never came about. Unfortunately for Tan Yankai, Hunan was right beside the Zhili Clique and thus got engulfed in the Northern wars. Hunan basically as a result of geography was stuck in the middle of bigger players and would be tossed around like a ragdoll. Tan Yankai would be backstabbed by a subordinate who favored the Zhili, then later another KMT member would simply grab up Hunan during the Northern expedition. Honestly to call Hunan a Clique is a bit of a stretch as it was more of just an area that had overlaps with other cliques all fighting for territory. Now that basically covers the southern cliques, theres actually more, but if I talk about them we would get lost in the weeds as they say. What is important to know going forward, the North-South divide would see two distinct theaters at play. In the North the Anhu, Zhili and Fengtian Cliques would fight for dominance over Beijing. In the South, many KMT oriented, Communist Orient and independent warlords would fight for dominance over Guangzhou, and later in history other rival southern governments. Typically the Warlord Era is taught North to South and I think that will be the case with us because its simply more cohesive. As Samuel Jackson playing Ray Arnold in Jurassic Park once said, “hold onto your butts” because the warlord Era about to begin.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. So we talked about the Northern Warlords and now the Southern Warlords. Time to put the Game of Thrones intro music on, as we are soon going to jump into a world of cutthroat backstabbing, secret alliance, little fingers and megalomaniac figures who will all fight to reunify China under their own image. As for the Chinese common people, as usual they will suffer tremendously, continuing the Century of Humiliation. 

Last time we spoke about the May fourth movement of 1919 . The Xinhai Revolution of 1911 sparked the May Fourth Movement marked by nationalism, anti-imperialism, and a quest for modernization. Disillusioned with traditional values and foreign encroachments, Chinese intellectuals, students, and workers embraced Western ideals, particularly Marxism, to reform Chinese society. The movement led to the emergence of the Chinese Communist Party and a broader alliance against warlordism and Japanese imperialism. Tensions arose between reformist liberalism and revolutionary Marxism, reflecting debates over China's path to progress. Despite setbacks, the May Fourth Movement's legacy persisted, shaping China's political landscape and laying the groundwork for future revolutionary action. Its an understatement to say it was a watershed moment in modern Chinese history. But underneath it lurked a new Era, one that was to be fought and ruled by warlords.   #94 Meet the Northern Warlords   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. How to even begin. I am staring at roughly 10 tabs of books alongside numerous scripts I had written nearly a year ago about China's Warlord Era. I have already written an extensive series, that I also molded into a long form documentary about the Warlord Era, you can find it at the Pacific War Channel on Youtube or in audio form on all podcast platforms. However, I realize now, I really did not dig deep enough, specifically on….who exactly were the warlords? Its true, I covered their numerous battles, made jokes about them, but I did not really go deep into their backgrounds.To be honest their backgrounds are quite fascinating, they were all kooky characters. Thus I thought what better than to start off the Warlord Era by introducing some of the warlords and their cliques. But because there is literally so many warlords, I literally halfway through writing this one had to change it to just the Northern Warlords, next episode we cover the southern ones. After the death of Yuan Shikai China underwent a major shift from being a state-dominated civil bureaucracy overseen by a central authority to military dominated regions. These regions were dominated by the Warlords whom in the words of American political scientist Lucian Pye “were instinctively suspicious, quick to suspect that their interests might be threatened, hard-headed, devoted to the short run and impervious to idealistic abstractions". Most of the Warlords, came from military backgrounds, having gone through the new-style military colleges of the late 19th and early 20th century with foreign instructors. Most of the warlords were extremely brutal to not just their enemies, but civilians and their own troops. They killed without a second thought their own men if they suspected insubordination. They used horrible torture tactics like suspending a victim by the neck in bamboo or wooden cages, breaking knees, slicing limbs, branding and so forth. If railway workers tried to go on strike, a Warlord would often execute a few of them to get them back to work. A British diplomat in Sichuan province witnessed two mutineers being publicly hacked to death with their hearts and livers cut out; another two were burned to death; and others had slits cut into their bodies into which were inserted burning candles before they were hacked to pieces Warlords had to depend on subordinate officers, thus personal loyalty was of vital importance. Many Warlords would be betrayed by their officers who were often bribed by other Warlords. During the Warlord period, there was a balance of power. For those who don't know, the Balance of Power theory suggests states or in this case warlord regions, may secure their own survival by preventing any other state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others. So basically in Europe historically you see this with Britain, France and Spain. Two of the states would always join forces against the largest state to keep everyone in check. During the Warlord Era where there are numerous cliques with their own regional bases, the balance of power becomes quite complicated, but most books or even Youtube videos for that matter focus on 3 big ones, that we will get into soon.  Now the Warlords entire power scheme relied on their military, thus it was a precious thing to conserve. Going to war with another Clique might increase ones sphere of influence, but it might also weaken ones military so much they become vulnerable to attacks from other Cliques. This is further complicated by all the intricacies of the 20th century, this is an age of industry, economic power, trade and so forth. Not all the Warlords held regions with the economic capacity or logistical strength to wage longterm wars, some needed decisive knockout blows. As you can imagine, theres thousands of variables at play, making it nearly impossible for any given Clique to dominate all of China. The Warlord Era played out during a time when railroads were the fastest and cheapest means of transporting troops, thus capturing railroads was of vital importance. This was also an age directly after WW1 where the armored train was king. An armored train full of artillery and machine guns could land troops and perform fire support for them in battle.  Warlord armies consisted of common soldiers and more often than naught bandits. These grunt types had no loyalty to anyone, many joined Warlord armies as a means to an end, everyone has to eat as they say. Often a bandit became a soldier during times of war, then during times of peace they went back to banditry, it was a vicious cycle. Warlord armies were a plague upon the populations they came into contact with. They plundered, raped, took hostages for money, took women into sexual slavery, murder was rampant. Warlords often looted the countryside as a means to pay their troops. Peasants often joined a Warlord army, fought a battle, became captured by the enemy who simply enlisted them. Yes, Warlords often incorporated POW's into their armies, a system that would bite them in the ass often. Since I am the Pacific War Channel, I have to mention, a famous figure of the Pacific War, Vinegar Joseph Stilwell went to China as an attache in the 1920's and got to see Warlordism first hand. In 1926 he inspected a warlord unit and estimated 20% of the men were 4 foot 6, the average age was roughly 14 and many walked barefoot. Warlord armies were composed of infantry, cavalry, artillery, sometimes armor and even airforces for the lucky big guys. They were organized like any modern military with commanding officers over various units. They were composed of regular units, typically the core of a Warlords army. These were professionally trained soldiers, often equipped with modern firearms and artillery, the backbone of the army so to say. Then there were irregular militias, these were the local recruit types. They were less trained, less equipped, but like in any good army they provided numbers and numbers are a strength of its own. They could be used for garrison duties, patrolling, support roles, freeing up the regular army units. They were more prevalent in rural areas where manpower was always needed to keep control. Next there were foreign advisors and foreign mercenaries. Some Warlords hired foreign military advisors and mercenaries to bolster their strength. The advisors came from any of the great powers, but most especially Japan, Britain, France and Germany. The Russian civil war also added a ton of White Russians to the mix, some Warlords took advantage of this hiring full White Russian regiments like Zhang Zongchang. In 1916 China had roughly half a million soldiers, by 1922 this tripled, then it tripled again in 1924. Such manpower cost money, thus Warlords enacted large taxes to keep their armies going. One way of raising funds were specific taxes called lijin, it was a form of internal tariff, placed on the transit of goods being traded between provinces. One example of lijin was seen in Sichuan province were 27 different taxes were placed upon salt and paper going down the Yangtze river to Shanghai. It was taxes 11 different times by various warlords to the sum of 160% of its total value. Warlords also took enormous loans further complicated the economic order. Many Warlords got into the black market, stealing, cultivating and selling opium. Countless Warlords faced insane inflation situations seeing them continuously printing more and more money. As a Canadian under Justin Trudeau I have no idea what that is like, cough cough. Warlords were not all well educated, thus the illiterate Warlord of Manchuria, Zhang Zuolin when facing increasing prices obviously caused by inflation, he assumed it was the result of greedy merchants and began executing them. All of these money problems occurred because men and equipment were needed. Warlords bought their military arms typically from foreign nations. They purchased weapons from all sorts of nations like Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, thus there was a plethora of different weapons. For rifles, many used the domestic manufactured Hanyang 88 and Mauser, while also importing rifles like the German Mauser Gewehr 98, British Lee-Enfield, the French Chauchat rifle and Italian Carcano M1891. For handguns the most popular was the Mauser C96. For Submachine guns apparently the Bergman MP28 was a favorite, but of course the Thompson submachine gun and MP18 also were purchased. For machine guns its was the Maxim, Chauchat, Browning, Vickers, MG08, Lewis gun, Hotchkiss m1909, honestly there are too many to list. Bayonets were bought and forged en masse alongside a variety of swords and sabers, the Chinese preferred the Dao and Jian for cavalry and ceremonies. Armored cars and trucks were bought en masse, armored trains were employed by a few warlords like Zhang Zongchang. Zhang Zuolin managed to buy some Renault FT tanks in the later 1920s. All the big warlords scrambled to get their hands on WW1 tanks and aircraft, though few used these effectively in battle. In the case of aircraft they really served primarily as reconnaissance.  Now lets talk about the Warlords and their Cliques. There were hundreds of warlords, I can't go through them all, but what I will do is name the larger guys, and throughout the series I am sure we will keep adding more. First, the origin of the warlords is of course the father of warlords, Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai built up the strongest army in China, the Beiyang Army that outlasted him. Many of Yuan Shikai's officers would become Warlords and their loyal followers made up cliques. Two officers very close to Yuan Shikai were Duan Qirui and Feng Guozhang. Both men began their military careers in the Tientsin Military academy a school established by Li Hongzhang ack in 1885. Duan Qirui's grandfather had served in Li Hongzhangs army, thus he was very much a military son. Feng Guozhang came from a family of landowners who had fallen on hard times, he failed to obtain his second civil service degree dashing his hopes to gain a post in the civilian bureaucracy, so he turned to the military. Both Duan and Feng gained good reputations, prompting Yuan Shikai to bring them into his inner circle. Both served him faithfully during the Xinhai Revolution and were rewarded with high office positions in his new government. Duan received military governorship over Hunan and Hubei and Feng received military governorship over Jiangsu. When Yuan Shikai died, Li Yuanghong took the presidency, actually forced by Duan Qirui who became Premier and Feng Guozhang became Vice-President. The Beiyang government henceforth, basically served at the whim to whichever warlord held the strongest army and largest presence within Beijing at any given time. Now leaderless, the Beiyang Army broke apart, its regiments and divisions fell under the control of various warlords in northern China who claimed them for their private armies. The Warlords sought to increase their power by increasing the size of their armies. This also resulted in the creation of major factions, better known as “cliques”. Duan Qirui became the founder of the Anhui clique, it was called this because the majority of its most influential members came from Anhui, including Duan. This clique had close ties to Japan, in previous episodes I mentioned Duan Qirui's secret Nishihara loans, this was done to bolster the cliques army. The Anhui clique organized themselves very early on and were more politically sophisticated than their rivals. The clique had a political wing known as the Anfu Club meaning “peace and happiness club”. Basically this was a group of Beijing politicians who favored Duan and tried to mold the political order his way. There was also a financial wing known as “the new communications clique” led by Cao Rulin who was a rival to Liang Shiyi's “Old Communications clique” part of the Cantonese clique, yes this gets really confusing. The Anhui clique basically became the biggest clique at the offset and would be led by multiple figures over the years.  There were many Beiyang officers who were not allowed into the Anhui clique. In the Beiyang Army as in any army, countless men had been overlooked for promotions by those like Duan Qirui and became bitter. These disgruntled officers who felt Duan Qirui had snubbed them gradually rallied behind Feng Guozhang forming the Zhili Clique. The Zhili Clique had its power base in Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Hubei. The Zhili clique was western oriented relying on western nations for funding and arms. Unlike the Anhui, early on the Zhili lacked strong bonds, thus they were more likely to abandon or betray another. They would be led by multiple figures, but no one would be as popular as Wu Peifu. Now as I very much know after creating my Warlord series on the Pacific War channel, I got a ton of comments about Wu Peifu, he is a fan favorite. Wu Peifu was born in Shandong and he received a traditional confucian education. Most would argue Wu Peifu was a Confucian scholar turned soldier in fact. It seems the Japanese victory over China in 1895 persuaded Wu to join the military. He enrolled in one of the new military academies at the time, the Baoding Military academy in Beijing and graduated in 1903 as a 2nd Lt in the beiyang army. Three years later he was assigned to Cao Kun's 3rd division and this sprang a 20 year relationship between the two men. Cao Kun took Wu under his wing and would become the leader of the Zhili clique after Feng Guozhang. However, Cao Kun was heavily invested in political matters. Because of this he relied heavily on Wu Peifu to manage military affairs and this paid off big time as Wu Peifu became one of modern China's greatest military strategists. Think Lelouche from Code Geass, if you get that reference you are a person of culture haha. Wu Peifu earned the epithet “the Jade Marshal” because of his military and intellectual prowess. He would won many battles and campaigns over rival warlords, often outmaneuvering or outwitting them. He also was very committed to maintaining integrity and order within his military. He emphasized professionalism and adhered to codes of conduct, earning a lot of respect amongst his men and China in general. To many he looked elegant and composed, resembling the qualities of Jade. He would brush shoulders with other famous Zhili clique warlords like Sun Chuanfang and Qi Xieyuan, but honestly the list is very large. Now if you read about the warlord Era, typically they display three large cliques in the north who influence most of the era, the Anhui clique, Zhili clique and of course the Fengtian clique.  They basically form a balance of power in North China. I should also probably note, China is facing a North/South divide during the Warlord Era so you often hear the cliques called Northern faction cliques or SOuthern faction cliques. The Fengtian clique's sphere of influence was Manchuria and thus was heavily backed by Japan. Like Wu Peifu, the founder of the Fengtian clique is also a fan favorite, his name was Zhang Zuolin, the Tiger of Manchuria. Zhang Zuolin was born in Haicheng in southern Fengtian province, modern Liaoning to a poor family. He received very little formal education, but when old enough he ran a stable at an Inn. He was a slender, kind of frail man with a droopy mustache and a soft voice. He enlisted in the military during the first sino-Japanese war learning how to be a soldier and returned to Fengtian were some say he became a Honghuzi. There is a story, most likely made up by Zhang Zuolin mind you that he was on a hunting trip when he came across a wounded Honghuzi on horseback. He killed the man, stole his horse and took his Honghuzi identity for himself. He gradually organized a small militia force to defend the locality and this became the nucleus of his personal army. Scholars are unsure whether Zhang Zuolin was ever a Honghuzi. Some claim he led a honghuzi gang, others state he was accused of being honghuzi because his local militia was not a regular military unit. During the Boxer Rebellion his gang joined the imperial army and afterwards they worked as security escorts for traveling merchants. During the Russo-Japanese war his men worked as mercenaries for the IJA. After the war he reached an arrangement with the military governor of Fengtien to have his forces become a regiment in the regular Qing army. During the Xinhai revolution as many declared independence movements in Manchuria, the pro-Manchu governor used Zhang Zuolins regiment to set up a “Manchurian People's peacekeeping council”. This was simply done to intimidate and threaten the revolutionaries, but for Zhang Zuolin's role he was awarded the Vice Ministry of Military affairs. When Yuan Shikai was trying to seize the presidency from Dr Sun Yat-Sen, Zhang Zuolin supported him and received military provisions for doing so. Zhang Zuolin murdered a number of leading figures in Mukden and was promoted multiple times by the Ailing Qing dynasty. When it became obvious Yuan Shikai was going to takeover, Zhang Zuolin threw his lot in with him. After 1911 Zhang Zuolin helped quell the rebellion earning a rank of Lt-General. Then when Yuan Shikai declared himself emperor, Zhang Zuolin was one of the very few who supported him. For this Yuan Shikai promoted him to Military governor of Fengtian. In 1916 when Yuan Shikai had to put down rebellions in the southern provinces, Zhang Zuolin supported the effort, however when Duan Qirui sent a new military governor to replace him, Zhang Zuolin went to the Kwantung Army for help. With the Japanese help Zhang Zuolin got rid of the many and would retain his authority over Fengtian. When Yuan Shikai died, Zhang Zuolin was in the perfect position to become a warlord in his region. By 1919 he managed to gain the position of inspector general over all 3 provinces of Manchuria and appointed loyal subordinates all over Manchuria to make sure his control was absolute. By 1920 he was the de facto supreme leader of Manchuria and controlled the Fengtian Army. Zhang Zuolin would dominate the Fengtian Clique nearly its entire existence, only to be replaced by his son Zhang Xueliang after his death. The Fengtian clique produced many warlords, the most notorious being of course, the Dogmeat General Zhang Zongchang. I wont get into it here, but I honestly plan on doing an entire episode to cover Zhang Zongchang's life story, its too hilarious and horrifying not to.  The next northern warlord clique was the Shanxi clique of Yan Xishan. Yan Xishan was born in the late 19th century in Wutai county of Xinzhou, Shanxi. His family were mostly bankers and merchants, he himself worked in his fathers bank and pursued a traditional Confucian education. However economic depression in his region, prompting Yan to join a military school in Taiyuan. There he was introduced to western sciences and in 1904 he went to Japan to study at the Tokyo Shimbu Gakko, a military preparatory academy. He enlisted in the Japanese army academy and graduated in 1909. Yan studied in Japan for 5 years and was impressed by Japan's modernization efforts. He observed much of what he could and would later use it to modernize Shanxi. Yan concluded Japan had successfully modernized largely because of its governments abilities to mobilize its populace in support of its policies and the close respectful relationship that existed in its military and civilian populations. In 1910 Yan wrote a pamphlet warning China that it was endanger of being overtaken by Japan unless it developed a form of Bushido. Before going to Japan, Yan had been disgusted with the wide scale corruption of Shanxi officials and believed the Qing dynasty's hostility towards modernization and industrialization led to its downfall. While in Japan Yan met with Dr Sun Yat-Sen and joined his Tongmenghui. When Yan came back to China he was assigned divisional command of the New Army in Shanxi. Despite his post, Yan actually covertly worked to overthrow the Qing. During the Xinhai revolution Yan led a local revolutionary force to drive out the Qing loyalist troops in the province and proclaimed its independence. Yan hoped to join forces with another prominent Shanxi revolutionary named Wu Luzhen, to resist Yuan Shikai's dominance over Northern China. However Wu Luzhen was assassinated just before Yan was elected military governor. Yan tried to resist, but Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army overwhelmed Shanxi. Yan only survived by withdrawing further north forming alliances with the neighboring Shaanxi province. Yan managed to avoid a military confrontation with Yuan Shikai, thus preserving his own base of power. Although Yan was friends with Dr Sun Yat-Sen he did not support his 1913 Second Revolution and instead got closer to Yuan Shikai. Because of this Yuan Shikai allowed him to retake his post as military governor of Shanxi. Yan used this post to build a personal army and by the time of Yuan Shikai's death solidified his control over Shanxi. Now a little bit about Shanxi, it was one of the poorest provinces in China. Yan believed unless he modernized and revived its economy, Shanxi would simply succumb to rival warlords. As Yan watched from the sidelines in 1919, he saw his province simply could not compete with the bigger boys, thus he took up a policy of neutrality. While the warlord Era wars raged on he instead exclusively worked to modernize Shanxi, particularly developing its resource sector. Yan's governance of Shanxi led to him being dubbed the “model governor” by foreigners. In 1918 there was a bubonic plague outbreak in northern Shanxi taking the lives of nearly 3000 people in two months. Yan dealt with this by issuing instructions on modern germ theory and plague management to his provincial officials. He told his populace the plague was caused by germs that were breathed through lungs, that the disease was incurable and the only way to thwart it was social distancing. He ordered his officials to keep infected family and friends, even entire infected communities quarantined, by threat of police if necessary. Yan also sought foreign doctors to help suppress the epidemic. When Yan was in Japan he spent time in a hospital for 3 months where he saw X-rays, microscopes and other medical equipment for the first time and it seems this greatly impressed him. The epidemic prompted Yan to modernize Shanxi's medicine industry, funding the Research Society for advancement of Chinese Medicine in Taiyuan in 1921. The school promoted both western and chinese medicine, teaching courses in German, Japanese and English. While Yan would a isolationist for most of the warlord era, he had a large role in the end of it. The next northern clique is one I don't want to talk too much about because they only come into the scene later on. There is also the fact the leader of this faction happens to be the rival to Zhang Zongchang, and I think I might make the next or in a future episode a comparison of the two because it would be funny. What you should know is the Guominjun were basically a spin off of the Kuomintang. They were more or less a branch of the Kuomintang, but located in the north. The clique was formed by Feng Yuxiang, known as the “christian general”. Again I don't want to say too much, but this guy was funny, he used to check the fingernails of his troops before battle, no joke I've seen footage of it. Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun would end up being based in northwestern Hebei province. The next northern clique was known as the Ma Clique or the “Three Ma's of the northwest”. This clique goes back to our episode on the Dungan revolt. The Ma cliques traces back to the Qing General Dong Fuxiang, the same man who fought during the Dungan revolt and saved Empress Dowager Cixi during the Boxer Rebellion. He commanded Hui armies whose commanders went on to found the Ma Clique such as Ma Anliang and Ma Fuxiang. During the Xinhai revolution, Ma Anliang led 20 Hui battalions to defend the Qing dynasty by attacking Shaanxi where revolutionaries led by Zhang Fenghui sprang up. Ma Anliang failed to capture Shaanxi and when Puyi abdicated Ma agreed to join the new republic. Unlike Ma Anliang, Ma Fuxiang did not fight for the Qing, but rather the revolutionaries. Ma Fuxiang refused to join the invasion of Shaanxi and instead declared independence of Kansu from Qing control. Because of this Ma Fuxiang was rewarded military governor of Ningxia by Yuan Shikai. Ma Anliang was the founder of the Ma CLique, but died in 1918 leaving the mantle of de fact leader of Muslims in northwest China to fall to Ma Fuxiang. The Ma clique controlled Qinghai, Gangsu and Ningxia. Its three most prominent memers were Ma Bufang, Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin known as the Xibei San Ma “thee Ma of the northwest”. The clique would fight the Guominjun and later Xinjiang cliques during the warlord era wars. The next northern clique was the Xinjiang clique with their power base in Xinjiang. One thing that is unique to this clique was that some of their leaders were from outside the province. In 1907 Yunnanese Yang Zengxin was assigned governor over Xinjiang. He received support from Ma Yuanzhang, a Sufi Jahriyya Shaykh who enabled him to raise a massive Hui muslim army primarily from Jahriyya communities. Like Ma Anliang, Yang Zengxin was a manchu loyalist, neither trusted the revolutionaries. When the Xinhai revolution broke out, like Ma Anliang, Yang Zengxin fought for the Qing. After Puyi's abdication, Yang Zengxin supported Yuan Shikai becoming emperor, simply because he believed monarchy was the best system for China. Thus Yang Zengxin invited a bunch of anti-yuan leading officials to a banquet and decapitating them. Yuan Shikai rewarded him with a first rank of count during his brief tenure as emperor. After Yuan Shikai's death, Li Yuanhong assigned Fan Yaonan to observe Yang Zengxin to see if he could be replaced. Yang Zengxin was not a idiot, he made sure to recognize which ever faction at any given time controlled the Beiyang government to avoid any troubles. He kept his rule over Xinjiang relatively peaceful, at least in terms of Warlord Era China. When the Russian Civil War broke out he remained luke warm to the new Soviet Union, because the reality was, Xinjiang had always been economically dependent on Russia. Under his leadership Xinjiang formed a lot of deals with the Soviets independent of the Beiyang government. To complicate things, certain Ma's like Ma Fuxiang were also members of the Xinjiang clique and held military positions under Yang Zengxin. Yang Zengxin controlled his province with an iron first, relying heavily on Hui muslims forces to keep conflict at bay. He had absolute power and had a funny habit of keeping the radio station keys on him at all times and read every message that aired on it prior, making sure to get rid of any parts he did not approve of. Because of the geographical location of Xinjiang, the clique did not have as much influence on warlord era china vs others.  The last northern clique, is honestly not one I really consider a real clique, but then again you could say the same thing about many others. This clique would be called the “Manchu Restorationists” kind of like a Qing white lotus in some ways. They were prominent figures who simply wanted to bring back the Qing dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution. I really don't want to tell the story just yet, because its a wild and rather comical one, but if anyone was the so-called leader of this clique it was Zhang Xun, the Pigtailed General. But I guess I have to leave you with a bit of a teaser, Zhang Xun technically overthrew the republic and ushered in a Manchu Restoration….for a few days.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. I think I covered roughly 60% of the Northern Warlords and their respective cliques. In the next episode I literally decided just now I will tell the tale of two northern warlords, one a angel and one a devil. I hope you are ready for some comedy and a bit of horror, for it will be the rivals Feng Yuxiang and Zhang Zongchang. 

Last time we spoke about the Twenty-One Demands and the rise of the Walrus Emperor, Yuan Shikai. Japan certainly had their work cut out for them during WW1. Seizing upon every possible opportunity Japan occupied Shandong province after the siege of Tsingtao and forced China to accept the unbelievable twenty-one demands. Yuan Shikai tried to stall and negotiate, eventually reaching thirteen demands, but yet again China was served a terrible humiliation that even became a national day henceforth. Then Yuan Shikai completely, organically, not fault of his own because the Hongxian emperor over a new dynasty. The new monarchy of China lasted a solid 83 days, before Yuan Shikai was forced to abdicate lest every single province declare their independence. All of this was occurring during the vacuum of WW1, which was still raging on. Yuan Shikai was back to being president, over a fractured nation.   #91 China & the Treaty of Versailles   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. Yuan Shikai's short-lived monarchy did not end China's national crisis. When he abdicated, you would assume this would have eased tensions a bit, but then the people of China found out Yuan Shikai was going to stay on as president. The people were livid. As you can imagine, the calls for his abdication were followed up by calls for him to step down as president. In early April of 1916 Cai E, speaking on behalf of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi put forward 6 demands to solve the crisis. 1) Yuan Shikai had to step down and go into exile 2) his stooges, 13 principal monarchist supports were to be executed 3) Yuan Shikai's vast property was to be confiscated 4) Yuan Shikai's descendants were to be stripped of citizenship. Apparently Yuan Shikai ignored these demands off the bat, prompting Cai E to add 5) Yuan Shikai would be charged with treason and punished by law passed by Congress. In April and May of 1916, more provinces declared independence, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Hunan. Their provincial leaders, many of whom were Yuan Shikai loyalists like Chen Yi of Sichuan or Tang Xiangming of Hunan labeled him an illegal leader, condemned him as a villain and severed their ties to him. Talk about choosing your friends wisely eh? Thus by May of 1916 most of southern china was independent, waiting for Yuan Shikai to step down, and most likely it would be Li Yuanhong who would take the presidency. Dr Sun Yat-Sen did not play a significant role in this anti-Yuan Shikai movement. He did make grand speeches, in April of 1916 for example he said “only after the principal culprit Yuan is exterminated could the constitution be restored and the republic be revived. If Yuan continues to rule, the country cannot be preserved. All Chinese  must annihilate the evil thoroughly and never be tolerant towards Yuan, for only after the national thief is wiped out could the republic attain peace.” A barrage of telegrams, letters and personal envoys showed up to Yuan Shikai's offices asking him to step down.  Yuan Shikai's initial reaction was simply to try and suppress his challengers. On April 1st he proposed conditions to Cai E for solving the “crisis”, these were, repealing provincial independence, returning administrative order, disbanding new military units and halting conflicts. Meanwhile Yuan sent secret telegrams to his military commanders at the frontlines ordering the annihilation of the rebels. These men working under him basically had to go with it, his fortune was theirs as they say. But as we have seen, the battles were not going well for him. While he had the best army in China, he could not stand alone against everyone else. Thus he began talking to his closest officials about leaving politics. He also began talking about who would pick up after him. His successor would need to be capable of controlling his northern army, to coordinate his network of military leaders and address the current nations financial issues. Yuan Shikai also began screaming and lashing out at those who were once close to him and betrayed him. Such men Chen Yi in Sichuan, Tang Xiangming in Hunan, but above all, Feng Guozhang made him most bitter. As Yuan Shikai thought over his retirement plans, his enemies did not let up at all. Liang Qichao set up the “Junwuyuan”, Military Affairs Council in Zhaoqing, Guangdong on May 8th, 1916. This was a rival government to the Beiyang republic, who began issuing proclamations and coordinated with rebel provincial leaders. The council supported Li Yuanhong as president and according to Liang Qichao's speeches to the public “the existing national crisis was single-handedly created by Yuan. If Yuan remains in office, the country will confront upheavals and tumult continuously. Once Yuan departs from politics, all military conflicts will immediately vanish.” Yet again China was seeing a north and south governmental divide.  According to Yuan Shikai's daughter, Yuan Jingxue, his health deteriorated in early 1916 and he suffered from major depression. Now Yuan Shikai was certainly not a physically healthy guy, again the Walrus quips hold validity. He often got ill, he rarely left the presidential palace, and kept himself very isolated. I would imagine this was to thwart assassination attempts. Apparently all the men in his family lineage tended to die before 50. Regardless, his overeating probably was the main culprit. Despite all of this, he stubbornly would not step down, even while sick in bed he continued to read official documents at the bedside. By June he was quite bedridden and few came to see him, just his closest friends and colleagues Xu Shichang and Duan Qirui. Yuan Shikai was a strong believer in Chinese medicine and tried to fight off his family who emplored him to seek western medicine until he allowed the French doctor J.A Bussiere to treat him. Dr. Bussiere diagnosed him with uremia and tried to treat him, but it was not working. Anticipated death was at the door, Yuan Shikai called upon Xu Shichang, Duan Qirui and Wang Shizhen to his bedside where he handed over his last will. He told them he bitterly regretted the monarchy move and blamed everyone for misleading him, what a mensch. Now he trusted these 3 men to care for his family and as for his successor, he told them it clearly needed to be Li Yuanhong. He asked them to swear to him that they would submit to Li Yuanhong for the good of the nation. Then he breathed his last breath and was dead by June 6th of 1916. At the age of 56 Yuan Shikai, a colossal figure of modern Chinese history was gone.  Now this was perhaps one of the most pivotal moments in modern Chinese history, for you see Yuan Shikai had ushered in something. Yuan Shikai from the beginning of his rule, did so with the might of his Beiyang Army. He built up this army, he modeled it a lot upon the imperial Japanese army. He had procured, some would simply say embezzled and stolen funds to make this army the best in China. His intentions can be seen as merely to solidify his power, but in the long term it was also to build a modern unified army for China. Like everyone else before him, he was tackling the issue of modernization. His process was a lot like a mafia however. He installed men loyal to him in various positions, by this point I've named countless of them. Many of these men were basically military-governors. They were trained to lead armies and they all had ambitions politically. There were of course those outside the Beiyang Clique as it came to be called, such as Dr Sun Yat-Sen's Kuomintang and the provinces that all declared independence like Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, later on the CCP will be a player as well. He had set up this elaborate system, that we will call Warlord control, I literally just made that up. Yuan Shikai's warlords were the baddest of the bunch and with him as the father of Warlords he at least had a firm grasp over China. However when Yuan Shikai decided to play monarch, he royally, pun intended screwed up his own system. This caused what has occurred throughout China's history, a North-South divide. New Warlords were emerging in the south, but even Yuan Shikai's Warlords were slowly breaking off from him. When Yuan Shikai died, while on the surface it looked like China would unify….it most certainly was not.  Its honestly a very complex and confusing situation, known as China's Warlord Era. On the face of it, China had the “Beiyang Government”, who at all times had a president, cabinets etc etc, but it was all a charade. In reality, the Warlords would fight another for dominance over the military forces in China, as that was what really controlled China. The Beiyang Clique would divide into other cliques, and all over China numerous Cliques and associated Warlords would come and go. But, I just wanted to tease you a bit, for coherency sake I'd like to finish China's experience of WW1. After Yuan Shikai's death, Li Yuanhong assumed the presidency on June 7th. Li Yuanhong ordered a state funeral costing half a million dollars, taken from Yuan Shikai's associates such as Xu SHichang and Duan Qirui. In his presidential order Li Yuanhong praised Yuan Shikai for his vital role in the Xinhai revolution and for his industrious spirit, not saying a thing about the monarchy phase. The government flew the Beiyang flag at half mast. With that the anti-Yuan war was over. Liang Qichao dismantled his rival government and the anti-yuan provinces repealed their independence proclamations. All provinces recognized Li Yuanhong as president, a very good start. Now the historical narrative had it, that Li Yuanhong's rise to the presidency was actually at gunpoint. After Yuan Shikai's death, there was a sealed box with the names Xu Shichang, Li Yuanhong and Duan Qirui found in it. None of the men wanted to stick their neck out to seize the presidency. Its said Duan Qirui forced Li Yuanhong to take the job, but Li Yuanhong was very nervous about it. Why was he? The Beiyang military leaders were all northerners, Li of course was a southerner who also had been the enemy. Duan Qirui consulted his senior military colleagues who all hated the idea of Li Yuanhong being president. But Duan Qirui fought to get the unpopular man as president, because he thought he would make for an excellent puppet. Duan Qirui meanwhile maintained his current position, which was premier. For you Americans who might not be familiar with Parliamentary type systems this is how the Beiyang Government quasi worked. The National Assembly aka parliament elects a president and vice president for 5 year terms and a premier who chooses and leads a cabinet. Typically in these types of systems, the Presidency is more of a ceremonial role. Li Yuanhong's vice president was Feng Guozhang, Yuan Shikai was rolling in his grave. Meanwhile with the provisional constitution restore, political parties were allowed back and 3 factions emerged: Dr Sun Yat-Sen's Kuomintang; Liang Qichao's Constitution Research Clique and Tang Hualong's Constitution Discussions Clique. The first order of business for the new government was the creation of a national army. You might be thinking, err what about WW1? Well with southern China armed and dangerous still, there was a looming fear of further rebellions. There was also the enormous fear, some Beiyang general would renegade and overthrow the government. Meanwhile there was of course WW1. Last episode we talked about China sending laborers to work for France, Britain, Russia and later America. 1916 for the most part saw China providing the labor services, while trying to fix their own nation. Then on February 17th of 1917, the French cargo ship SS Athos was sunk by German U-boat U-65. The ship was carrying 900 Chinese workers on their way to France and 543 of them were killed. Premier Duan Qirui and Liang Qichao both wanted to join the war on the Entente side, seeing it as a tool to help China. President Li Yuanhong and Dr. Sun Yat-Sen both opposed the idea. Duan Qirui strong armed the issue, having China break diplomatic ties with Germany. Duan Qirui also was up to something else. In January of 1917, Prime Minister Terauchi of Japan sent a secret envoy who happened to be a private business man named Nishihara Kamezo. Nishihara was given the task of finding out who really controlled the current Beiyang Army, or better said, who controlled the strongest inner clique within it. That man was Duan Qirui. Nishihara had the financial backing of the current minister of finance, Shoda Kazue who also was the former president of the Joseon Bank in Korea. Together they were offering a private loan, done so through private banks to quote “help develop China”. This was absolutely not the case. They negotiated a series of 8 loans totaling 145 million yen to Duan Qirui, to assist him in maintaining his cliques military. You see like everyone else, Duan Qirui feared other northern warlord types would become stronger than his group, can't let that happen now. To receive these loans, Japan was asking for confirmation of its claims over the former German empires concessions, ie : Kiautschou Bay in Shandong; control over the Shandong railways and some additional rights within Manchuria. All of this was to be kept hush hush, but it would not remain so. I can't get into it too much here, it will be covered in another episode, but a Duan Qirui's deal was leaked and it looked to the public that Duan Qirui was trying to take over China using Japanese aid. Li Yuanhong had Duan Qirui removed from his position as Duan Qirui and the majority of the Beiyang Generals ran over to Tianjin forming a sort of base of operations. Then in a rather insane twist, General Zhang Xun offered to mediate the situation between the Government and Duan and by mediate, I mean he showed up to the capital with his army literally besieging it. Yes, boy that escalated quickly, can't get into the insane story here, again it will be told in a future episode, but Zhang Xun with German funds and arms occupied Beijing and tried to dissolve parliament in an attempt to install Puyi as emperor over the rebirthed Qing dynasty.  Needless to say, Li Yuanhong freaked the hell out, reappointed Duan Qirui as premier and begged him to come save Beijing. Duan Qirui defeated the rebels and forced Li Yuanhong to resign as president so Feng Guozhang could take up the role. Duan Qirui then refused to restore parliament which will literally blow the door open to the Warlord wars, but for out story we return to the issue of WW1. Having already broken diplomatic ties to Germany, there was still the issue of whether or not to declare war. An intense debate was ignited involving nearly all the influential figures in China. It constituted an unprecedented movement for China. China had neer before taken an active role in a global event, one being played out very far from her borders. By participating in the war, some hoped to regain sovereign rights to Shandong. Liang Qichao criticized German militarism and said he believed Germany could not win. He also argued in order to improve China's standing, they had to align her with the victors of the war. On the other side, Dr Sun Yat-Sen argued entering the war would alienate China from Germany. Unlike Britain, France and Russia, Germany had not inflicted as much harm to China in the past. He believed Britain and Russia were far more imperialistic and thus bigger threats. He also argued it would be a material gain at the loss of spirit, thus he wanted to see China remain neutral. Duan Qirui was frustrated as Li Yuanhong added his voice to the matter saying he also did not want to enter the war. While this argument was going on, the KMT began establishing a military government in southern China and elected Dr Sun Yat-Sen to be their generalissimo.  Regardless, Duan Qirui took matters into his own hands and declared war on the Central Powers on August 14th. German and Austro-Hungarian concessions in Tientsin and Hankow were quickly seized. Duan Qirui hoped by entering the war, China might gain some international prestige and eliminate some unequal treaties. He alongside many others hoped to get rid of the indemnity payments, like the Boxer Protocol and to regain control over the Shandong Peninsula. Notably China continued to send laborers to help the war effort, but never sent troops. China's actual participation in the Great War remained very minimal. It was constrained to confiscating some German ships along their coast and continuing to support the allies with labor. China tried multiple times to offer naval and military assistance, or even a token combat unit to the western front, but it never came to be. Honestly a lost opportunity. If you check out my episode on southeast asia during ww1 or my Asia during WW1 documentary, you will see nations like Thailand did send forces and profited pretty heavily from the experience.  Germany surrendered on November 11th of 1918, and hopes were so high in China they declared a 3 day national holding. China had achieved her primary goal, being granted a seat at the Paris Peace Conference. She had been given two seats as she had not provided combat troops like other nations who had more seats. For example Japan was given 5 seats since they did provide combat troops. Now because of Dr Sun Yat-Sen's southern government, there basically was two sets of envoys sent to Paris. The Beiyang or Northern government members and Sun Yat-Sen's southern government members. Heading the Beiyang was Lu Zhengxiang who was accompanied by Wellington Koo, Cao Rulin, Hu Weide, Alfred Sze and some other advisors. On behalf of the southern government was Wu Chaoshu and although not an official delegate so was C.T Wang. Overall Lu Zhengxiang was the leader of China's delegation, but Wellington Koo, sort of a master negotiator came to become the main man.  China's demands at the conference were territorial, economic and political. In regards to territory, the “delegation proposed the internationalization of the Manchurian railways and rivers” and for foreign treaty ports and communities to remain short-term in order for China to transition them back into her ownership for a long term strategy. In regards to politics, China wanted “the elimination of all legation guards, removal of all foreign troops stationed in China, and the abolition of extraterritorial rights”. In regards to economics, China sought to regain full sovereignty over her tariffs and railways. All together these demands would be a dramatic improvement of her international standings. It would place her on a much more equal footing with the great powers. Now for those of you less familiar with WW1, this came directly at the time of one of America's worth presidents in my opinion, President Woodrow Wilson's 14 points. Again I will do the boring professor like thing by listing the points, but dont worry its in a summarized form: 1. Open diplomacy without secret treaties 2. Economic free trade on the seas during war and peace 3. Equal trade conditions 4. Decrease armaments among all nations 5. Adjust colonial claims 6. Evacuation of all Central Powers from Russia and allow it to define its own independence 7. Belgium to be evacuated and restored 8. Return of Alsace-Lorraine region and all French territories 9. Readjust Italian borders 10. Austria-Hungary to be provided an opportunity for self-determination 11. Redraw the borders of the Balkan region creating Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro 12. Creation of a Turkish state with guaranteed free trade in the Dardanelles 13. Creation of an independent Polish state 14. Creation of the League of Nations   Given the points, such as the right of self-determination of peoples, the Chinese delegates felt pretty good about their stance. However, what would prove to be the crux between China and her goals were a series of secret agreements and treaties between the Great Powers, China and Japan. Remember Duan Qirui's little loans? Well when China declared war on the Central Powers, this put her in alliance with Japan, as now they were both part of the Entente. Another large event had unfolded in 1917, the October revolution, seeing Russia fall to communism. The Entente declared the communist government a threat. Vice chief of the Imperial Japanese army general staff, Tanaka Giichi sought to form a military pact with China, including a military alliance against the new common enemy. In late January of 1917 Tanaka sent a message to the Japanese military attache in Beijing to form a Sino-Japanese agreement, but to try and get the Chinese to suggest the idea first.  The Chinese obviously would be suspicious of forming any type of agreement with Japan given the Shandong situation and Japan's encroachment into Manchuria. Japanese foreign minister Motono Ichiro offered a military cooperation similar to what the Entente were doing in France, stating if they could operate their military forces in France, why not in Manchuria. The Japanese also hinted as the possibility of just sending troops into Manchuria even if China didn't agree to it. On March 3rd, 1918 the Germans and Soviets signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, leaving some 100,000 German POW's scattered about Siberia and this scared China quite a bit. Thus on March 8th, the Japanese government began forming plans for a Sino-Japanese agreement and informed the Chinese ambassador in Tokyo, Zhang Zongxiang about it. A team led by Major General Saito Suejiro went to Beijing to negotiate the terms of the agreement. On March 25th, Zhang Zongxiang and Minister Motono both agreed enemy forces were spreading rampantly along the Russia border, threatening the far east. Thus they agreed to a joint defense agreement. This got leaked to the public in early April and opposition in China spread dramatically. Japan pretty much made its intents with the Sino-Japanese alliance known. The alliance would allow for free movement of Japanese troops with Chinese territory, that some resources would be commandeered for the military, a bit of domestic politics would probably be interfered with also and they pretty much were going to plant pro-Japanese forces across China. On May 3rd, Tanaka Giichi visited Zhang Zongxiang and demanded an apology from the Chinese side for doubting Japans intentions and failing to ratify things. He stated if China did not agree to the alliance, the Nishihara loans would be withheld. Duan Qirui could not stomach that so negotiations recommenced on May 16th and the agreement was signed.  The Sino-Japanese agreement consisted of 12 major articles: The second article establishes the parties of the agreement were equals,;  the third article specified that the Chinese authorities must "try their best" to cooperate with the Japanese military in the relevant regions and prevent them from "experiencing any obstacles" in their operations. The fourth article specified that Japanese troops would be "entirely withdrawn" from Chinese territory at the termination of the war. The seventh article specified the placement of liaison officers in each party's military to facilitate communication between the two parties and specified that both parties must provide whatever resources are required to facilitate their joint defense. As usual, Japan demanded the negotiations be made secret, but it was leaked immediately.  Now back to Paris, China had thus agreed to grant Japan several things and it contradicted what she sought at the peace talks. For one thing, she sought to reclaim the Shandong Peninsula. Back in 1915 Yuan Shikai's government had signed the thirteen-demands, but Wellington Koo argued that it had been an unequal treaty imposed upon China in a moment of weakness.  Wellington Koo, gave an impassioned speech about the importance of Shandong province to China, describing it as "the cradle of Chinese civilization, a Holy Land for the Chinese. It was the birth land of Confucius and Mencius. If Japan was allowed to continue its lease of the Shandong territory, then it would provide the government of Tokyo with a strategic "gateway" to all of north China”. As for the second Sino-Japanese treaty in which China agreed to allow Japan's occupation of Shandong amongst other things, well the Chinese delegation had no idea about this agreement. Yes the delegation team found out about this agreement at Paris, go figure. So yeah it was a pretty big surprise when the Japanese delegation literally read out the treaties signed with Duan Qirui et al, very embarrassing for the Chinese delegation. Then to make matters even worse the Entente powers, specifically Britain and France also acknowledged they had signed secret agreements with Japan giving her the rights to Shandong since she had entered the war to help them. You could hear the sad violin music beginning to play. The Chinese delegation in absolute desperation looked towards the United States for help, hoping Woodrow Wilson's right to self-determination would bend to their favor. Woodrow said Shandong should be given to Japan, probably hoping to add Japan's favor in forming the League of Nations. The global powers then pretty much ignored the Chinese delegation. Hence forth the Chinese felt Woodrow Wilson had betrayed China, though as much as I hate to say it, it really wasn't his fault. He was simply balancing a number of secret agreements made and there were many promising Japan Shandong.  Thus in article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles the official transfer of the Shandong peninsula was given to the Empire of Japan rather than being returned to China. China denounced this transfer stating Shandong was the birthplace of Confucious, the greatest Chinese philosopher and it would be on par to Christians conceding jerusalem. China demanded Shandong Peninsula be returned to China, an abolition of all the privileges afforded to foreign powers in China such as extraterritoriality and to cancel the thirteen demands with the Japanese government. The Western powers refused all of China's demands and dismissed them. As a result Wellington Koo refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles in protest. Thus China was yet again humiliated. Worse, the ongoing news of what was going on at Versailles had caused probably one of the greatest movements in modern Chinese history to be unleashed back home. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. China was absolutely devastated by the treaty of versailles. Their fractured nation had been the victim of double dealings and now the Shandong problem would plague them for some years. However back home, an incredible movement was quicking up fueled by the anger of students and workers. 

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