Podcasts about chemical elements

People started adding iodine to salt because in some parts of the world serious, chronic iodine deficiency was incredibly widespread, which was causing a range of health issues. But how was that solution arrived at? Research: "Iodine." World of Chemistry, Gale, 2000. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2432500388/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=42a73bea. Accessed 17 May 2024. "Iodine." World of Scientific Discovery, Gale, part of Cengage Group, 2007. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV1648500324/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fabf4422. Accessed 17 May 2024. Bishai, David and Ritu Nalubola. “The History of Food Fortification in the United States: Its Relevance for Current Fortification Efforts in Developing Countries.” Economic Development and Cultural Change , Vol. 51, No. 1 (October 2002). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/345361 Cameron, A.T. “Iodine Prophylaxis and Endemic Goitre.” Canadian Public Health Journal, Vol. 21, No. 11 (NOVEMBER, 1930). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41976052 Cameron, A.T. “Iodine Prophylaxis and Endemic Goitre.” Canadian Public Health Journal, Vol. 21, No. 10 (OCTOBER, 1930). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41976030 Cavanaugh, Ray. “How the arrival of iodized salt 100 years ago changed America.” Washington Post. 5/1/2024. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2024/05/01/iodized-salt-100-years-deficiency/ Feyrer, James et al. “The Cognitive Effects of Micronutrient Deficiency.” Journal of the European Economic Association, April 2017. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/90023421 Goodman, Johnah. “A National Evil: Jonah Goodman on the curse of the goitre in Switzerland.” London Review of Books. 11/30/2003. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n23/jonah-goodman/a-national-evil Kimball, O.P. “History of the Prevention of Endemic Goitre.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1953. Kohn, Lawrence. “Goiter, Iodine and George W. Goler: The Rochester Experiment.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 49, No. 3 (FALL, 1975). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44450239 Leung, Angela M et al. “History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation.” Nutrients vol. 4,11 1740-6. 13 Nov. 2012, doi:10.3390/nu4111740 Markel, H. “'When it rains it pours': endemic goiter, iodized salt, and David Murray Cowie, MD.” American journal of public health vol. 77,2 (1987): 219-29. doi:10.2105/ajph.77.2.219 Markel, Howard. “A grain of salt.” The Milbank quarterly vol. 92,3 (2014): 407-12. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12064 McIntire, Tracey. “Gunpowder and Seaweed: The Story of Iodine.” National Museum of Civil War Medicine. 10/19/2022. https://www.civilwarmed.org/story-of-iodine/ Newton, David E. "Iodine." Chemical Elements, edited by Kathleen J. Edgar, 2nd ed., UXL, 2010. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2640200041/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a54dec8e. Accessed 17 May 2024. Niazi, Asfandyar Khan et al. “Thyroidology over the ages.” Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism vol. 15,Suppl 2 (2011): S121-6. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.83347 Olsen, Robert. “Endemic Goiter in Switzerland: A Review of Recent Contributions to Its Etiology, Incidence, and Prevention.” Public Health Reports (1896-1970) , Jun. 9, 1933. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4580807 Pearce, Elizabeth N. “Is Iodine Deficiency Reemerging in the United States?” AACE Clinical Case Reports. Volume 1, Issue 1, Winter 2015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2376060520303680 Stanbury, John, and John T. Dunn. "Iodine." Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, edited by Solomon H. Katz, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 281-283. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3403400349/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=12f688cc. Accessed 17 May 2024. Zimmermann, Michael B. and Maria Andersson, GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020, European Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 185, Issue 1, Jul 2021, Pages R13–R21, https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0171 Zoltan, Melanie Barton. "Salt." Food: In Context, edited by Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner, vol. 2, Gale, 2011, pp. 699-702. In Context Series. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1918600212/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=21e3cd86. Accessed 17 May 2024. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

No século 20, descobertas revolucionárias abalaram a visão estática do cosmos. A constatação da expansão contínua do universo desafia conceitos antigos, revelando a existência de energia e matéria escuras, enigmas cruciais na cosmologia. A inadequação das teorias atuais para explicar a expansão acelera do universo revela coisas fundamentais do espaço, tempo e gravidade, que não estamos percebendo, revelando um cosmos mais estranho e desconcertante do que imaginávamos. O que acontece nas entranhas do universo que explicariam esses fenômenos?

The heaviest chemical elements in the universe come from neutron stars. Find out how a new study shows that this process creates heavier atoms than anything we experience on Earth.  --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/david-morton-rintoul/message

Episode: 3046 Chemical Energy Storage that is Billions of Years Old.  Today, a type of storage that is billions of years old.

Brace yourself for a laughter-filled journey through the world of chemistry! Explore what happens when chemical elements take on human form and learn about their unique characteristics in this fun and easy chemistry adventure. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Episode: 2947 Wildly Rich, Surprisingly Humble: The Universe and Its Building Blocks.  Today, everything there is — by the numbers.

Why do I have to pee when I wash my hands? Are daddy long-legs poisonous? Are taste buds generic across the population? Why are babies so amused by their reflection? How effective are statins? Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Why do I have to pee when I wash my hands? Are daddy long-legs poisonous? Are taste buds generic across the population? Why are babies so amused by their reflection? How effective are statins? Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Atoms combine to form molecules, the second step on the way to matter. Molecules are made of two or more atoms and are held together by chemical bonds, which are determined by the electrons on their outermost shells. Carbon is an example of an atom which forms molecules and is essential for the formation of matter, as it forms strong and weak bonds with other atoms. Different combinations of molecules give rise to the diversity of matter we see around us. Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds are the three main types of bonds that form between atoms. Summarizing, atoms, molecules, and carbon are essential components of life, and scientists have discovered that carbon has the ability to form up to 1.7 million compounds. Atoms are the building blocks of life, and scientists have studied how they bond together. Some atoms swap electrons, while others share their electrons to form covalent bonds. Examples of covalent bonds include the H2 molecule, where two hydrogen atoms share each other's single electron. Metallic bonds occur when a large number of atoms come together by sharing electrons, forming metals like iron, copper, zinc, and aluminium. Carbon is the most significant element for living beings, as it is able to form 1.7 million compounds, forming structures like cell membranes, horns, trunks, lenses, and venom. Carbon is unique in its ability to form chains with many links, as well as branched or polygonal shapes. This versatility is critical for life, and compounds of carbon range from a few atoms to millions. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms, the main components of water, are very light and non-polar. This means that they have no affinity for each other and do not easily combine to form molecules. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter, and molecules are formed when atoms bond together. Carbon is an unusual element, forming over a quarter of a million compounds, including hydrocarbons which form the basis of the petrochemical industry and are found in natural gas, paints and fire extinguishers. Carbon is also a vital element for life on Earth, forming proteins with its unique ability to form strong and weak bonds between atoms and molecules. These bonds are essential for the formation of the complex three-dimensional shapes of proteins, which form the basis of all living things. Therefore, without the presence of carbon and its unusual properties, it is unlikely that there would be life on Earth. The summary of this podcast is that atoms, oxygen, and life are all connected and all dependent on Allah. Oxygen molecules are formed from atoms that are held together by Allah's permission. Taste and smell are created by molecular interactions that happen in our sense organs. Without taste and smell, life and the world would be dull and ordinary. Thanks to Allah, we have been given these blessings in return for nothing and should strive to be pleasing to Allah for an eternal life filled with blessings. NOTES 27. L. Vlasov, D. Trifonov, 107 Stories About Chemistry, 1977, p. 117 28. L. Vlasov, D. Trifonov, 107 Stories About Chemistry, 1977, p. 118 29. David Burnie, Life, Eyewitness Science, London: Dorling Kindersley, 1996, p.8 30. Nevil V. Sidgwick, The Chemical Elements and Their Compounds, vol.1, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950, p.490 37. Taşkın Tuna, Uzayın Ötesi (Beyond Space), Boğaziçi Yayınları, 1995, p. 166

Episode: 3046 Chemical Energy Storage that is Billions of Years Old.  Today, a type of storage that is billions of years old.

Welcome to Episode #25 of the Last Call Trivia Podcast! Join us as we kick off the game with a round of general knowledge questions covering a range of categories. Next, bust out your lab gear for a themed round of Chemical Elements Trivia!Round OneToday's game starts off with a Cities Trivia question about a famous event that takes place in Spain.Next up, a Sports Trivia question challenges the Team to identify the holiday that overlaps with a major annual tennis tournament.The first round wraps up with a Companies Trivia question about a large consumer goods corporation that owns many of the personal care brands we use on a daily basis.Bonus QuestionToday's Bonus Question dives deeper into the consumer goods corporation named in the Companies question from Round One.Round TwoWith 118 known chemical elements and nearly an infinite number of possible compounds, the opportunities for Round Two are endless. Put on those lab coats listeners, because it's time for Chemical Elements Trivia!Round Two kicks off with a Food Trivia question about an element that's found in seafood and is used in chemical tests.Next up, a Science Trivia question gives the Team the opportunity to experiment with the options while debating which energy-producing device converts hydrogen into electricity.Round Two concludes with a Health & Fitness Trivia question about the scientific term for a specific type of exercise.Final QuestionIt's time to wrap up the game with a multi-part Final Question. The category for today's final is Sports, which is a fitting way to follow the previous Health & Fitness question!

【Corrected sentences】 こんにちは、皆さんはお元気でしょうか？ 先日科学を勉強してるときに、これをみなさんに伝えたいと思いました。 化学で[使う]言葉は多いです[が]、それも本当に[面白いと]思っています。 英語で「Elements」[と言う]物を、日本語で「元素（げんそ）」と[呼び]ます。 基本的に使っている元素は数種類しか[ありません]。 こちら[を]ご覧ください 酸素「さんそ」ー酸素は最も基本的な元素の一つだと[思います]。[酸素がなければ生きていけませんね。]しかし、酸素は多くの事故の原因ですから、注意する方が"いいと思ってます。 水素「すいそ」ー水素は地球に在る元素の中で一番軽い元素です。この元素はとても爆発的ですから、この元素と関係する[作業]をしてる時には注意する方がいいと[思います。] 炭素「たんそ」ー炭素は遥か昔から力の源として[使われています。]生き物の体の中にも沢山[の]炭素があります。この元素はとても重要だと思います。[だからこそ]この元素はほとんど安全ですけど、燃えるときは注意する方が[いいと]思っています。[なぜなら、弱い力で燃やした時には、安全な二酸化炭素「にさんかたんそ」ではなく]、危険な一酸化炭素「いっさんかたんそ」に変化します。[それはとても危険だと思います。] [以上、]基本的な3つ[の]元素に[ついて]話しました。ぜひ読んで[みて]ください。[ここで注意している]ことを守り続け[れば]、皆さんも安全に化学の勉強ができると思います。 [今日は以上です。] 良い一日を！ ==== This program is recorded in my Discord group "NihonGO Japanese Language School", we offer group lessons for free, almost every day! Feel free to join the server and our lesson anytime ;) "NihonGO Japanese Language School" https://discord.gg/WEMKCAGhxA === #nihongopodcast #japanese #日本語 #giapponese #日文 #日语 #일본어 #ญี่ปุ่น #japonais #japonés #japonês #nihongo #hiragana #katakana #studyjapanese #learnjapanese #japanesephrases #japantrip #japantravel #jlpt #日本語能力試験 #kanji #japaneselanguage #japanesepodcast #にほんご #ひらがな #カタカナ #japan

Tanner does stand-up, Alex is getting a hoverboard, and Daniel can't talk about uranium. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/the-experience/support

September 15, 2021: Ask r: Chemical Elements, Stoichiometry, & Science Behind Fall Colors

In this episode of Under the Library:  As we begin, Philip is "off with the ponies" (i.e. Rick lost power and will join later). It's late in the evening and Harold decides to head home and run some experiments on his lomava sample. Beau and Quentin decide they would feel safer sleeping on the floor of Potter's Place than staying at The Lighthouse. Jaker joins Florence/Beau/Quentin briefly to do research before heading home. Back at Potter's Place, Florence examines a book called Chemical Elements of the Natural World. Although there's no mention of lomava, it lists properties of mercury as well as other elements that can't be classified as solids or liquids.   A scrap of paper fell from the pages, covered with cramped handwriting. It discusses an unnamed element with strange metaphysical properties, wine-like, and seemingly melted. The writer consumed it and had visions of a strange entity, which he described by its smell (citrus) and sound (heavenly frequency) rather than its form. He took detailed notes about the timeline and quantities of consumption, and the handwriting becomes harder to read over time.   Thinking about mercury and the man's gradual descent into madness, Florence shares information about her sister, a former jewelry maker, who is now institutionalized in nearby Deadwood. Florence always assumed it was the mercury that Rosemund worked with in her craft that drove her to madness, but the others suggest that she might have instead worked with lomava.   Next, Jaker and Florence examine a Latin book called Terra Arcana. Although the language is very complex and hard to translate, there are many illustrations of tiny humans by large obelisks. One of the stones has an arrow pointing to some handwritten marginalia in an exotic text of letters and symbols.    Both Jaker and Florence recognize this strange language. Jaker once saw it tattooed on a corpse that passed through his funeral home. The woman was named Yolene Everburg, and he recalled that Philomena refused to bury her near the church. Florence remembered an evening 3 years ago when a young boy came to her door after hours, nervous, and offered to sell her books. He said he needed to buy supplies for his sick mother. She purchased the aforementioned Chemical Elements of the Natural World from him as well as a leatherbound journal filled with this strange text.   Beau and Quentin examine a geology book with detailed plates of each rock. Quentin hopes to find information about the weirdly heavy rock he stole from the mine overseer's shack. They discover that the rock has cylindrical structures and rounded edges as if it had been melted. Beau makes a connection to a piece of a fallen meteor he keeps in his pocket, and the book confirms this.   At the same time, Harold has been running some tests on his lomava sample. He had previously prepared an extreme protection contraption with an enclosure and a heat source to pull fumes outside through a vent. He ran three tests.   1) He mixed a drop of lomava with water and poured it on a small plant. He'll check on the plant later (with an Int roll extreme success and a Nat World fail).   2) Heating the lomava in a test tube was mesmerizing. It crawled up the sides of the tube and the glass turned the color of lomava. Then the bottom of the tube dissolved and lomava dripped into the lantern he used for heat. Purple, iridescent fumes were released outside through the vent.   3) As Harold applied pressure to the lomava with pliers, it came out the sides but refused to drip, instead hanging onto the sides of the pliers.   Harold thinks this is a very odd substance, and even wonders if it might be an organic life form?   While the rest of the party researched, Philip waited outside of Bawdy Bill's to speak to Marisa. He made a small fire (in the middle of the square?!) and ate some beans. When she left work at 1:30am he approached her and was rejected: "Stay away or your stain will be on me too!"   Philip goes to the barn to retrieve his boots and decides to sleep there. As he sits, thinking and absentmindedly twirling a scalpel, he catches a glimpse of his reflection. There's a strange black circle on his lips and tongue, outlining the area where a certain gun barrel pressed against him. He tries to clean it to no avail, and then scrapes at it with the scalpel. He even excises a small piece of flesh and cauterizes the wound, only to see the circle continue, unbroken, over the cauterized area. (He stored the piece of flesh in a vial of banshee bitch to check on it later.)

For millions of years after the Big Bang, nearly all the matter in the universe was in the form of hydrogen and helium; other elements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen only formed later, in nuclear reactions inside stars. To learn what the universe looked like back then, MIT astrophysicist Anna Frebel studies the oldest stars we can find—13 billion years old, to be precise—scanning them for traces of elements that will give a clue to their history. As Professor Frebel explains to Sarah Hansen in this episode, curiosity about the origins of the universe we live in is a profoundly human trait, just like curiosity about one’s own family history. To help communicate to laypeople the wonder and amazement that motivates astronomers like herself, Prof. Frebel has written a book and recorded a companion series of videos, both of which are intentionally designed to be as user-friendly as possible. It doesn’t matter, she says, if viewers and readers don’t grasp all the details; her hope is that they will develop the desire to understand more, and that that desire will spark further learning.Relevant Resources:MIT OpenCourseWareThe OCW Educator Portal"Cosmic Origin of the Chemical Elements" on OCWProfessor Frebel’s book Searching for the Oldest StarsProfessor Frebel’s faculty pageMusic in this episode by Blue Dot Sessions Connect with UsIf you have a suggestion for a new episode or have used OCW to change your life or those of others, tell us your story. We’d love to hear from you! Call us @ 617 475-0534On our siteOn FacebookOn TwitterOn Instagram Stay CurrentSubscribe to the free monthly "MIT OpenCourseWare Update" e-newsletter. Support OCWIf you like Chalk Radio and OpenCourseware, donate to help keep those programs going! 

A brief description of the origin of the chemical elements seen in the periodic table.

Trevor and I discuss the following topics: The Hunt Is On for Elusive Ghost Particles in Antarctica (https://www.wired.com/story/the-hunt-is-on-for-elusive-ghost-particles-in-antarctica/), Spotify is holding my favorite podcast hostage with its terrible app (https://www.androidpolice.com/2020/06/13/spotify-is-holding-my-favorite-podcast-hostage-with-its-terrible-app/), LG Velvet Unboxing and quick impressions! (https://youtu.be/Dr6N730wJi4), OnePlus Z aiming to undercut iPhone SE and Pixel 4a with $299 price tag (https://www.androidcentral.com/oneplus-z-could-launch-299-according-new-tweet-carl-pei), Another company is giving up on AR. This time, it’s Bose. (https://www.protocol.com/bose-gives-up-on-augmented-reality), Google countersues Sonos for patent infringement (https://www.engadget.com/google-countersues-sonos-patent-infringement-132548465.html), Linus Torvalds: Linux kernel 5.8 is 'one of our biggest releases of all time' (https://www.zdnet.com/article/linus-torvalds-linux-kernel-5-8-is-one-of-our-biggest-releases-of-all-time/), and Exotic, fifth state of matter created on the space station (https://www.livescience.com/fifth-state-of-matter-created-space-station.html).

Glen’s groundbreaking way of looking at the Periodic Table is by shifting one’s 2 dimensional view point to that of a 3 dimensional viewpoint. By making it a round, circular method. This elegant shifting of perspectives, now enables a new way to begin to ‘unlock’ the secrets of matter. In the years ahead all chemists and physicists will marvel at the simplicity of what Glen has achieved and ask themselves - "why didn’t I think of that myself?" Around 330 BCE, the Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that everything is made up of a mixture of one or more roots, an idea that had originally been suggested by the Sicilian philosopher Empedocles. The four roots, which were later renamed as elements by Plato, were earth, water, air and fire. Similar ideas about these four elements also existed in other ancient traditions, such as Indian philosophy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table So over time right up through the industrial revolution enquiring minds have endeavoured to map out the ‘constituents of matter’ for over 2,400 years. Cut to today and Glen takes this formalised 2 dimensional rectangular layout and reconfigures it into a circle or 3 dimensional sphere. What happens is that one set of elements on one side of the sphere has ‘corresponding’ elements on the opposite side of the sphere. The old axiom ‘As above so below’ comes into play here. Just as in astrology, Libra is opposite Aires and Aquarius is opposite Leo and as Glen is an astrologer he sees everything as circling around us here on earth in a 360 degree perspective that is a 3 dimensional map of the localised star field. Building on Rudolf Steiner’s Teachings Glen has been working at very subtle levels based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner who though was an educator had a very profound understanding of agriculture - hence we get ‘biodynamics’ as a system of working with both the elements - as well as cosmic forces. Using the ‘timeless maxim’ - ‘as above so below’ - and looking at the ‘structure’ of creation above us, we can get the pattern or model that we can use to look at us and the organization that occurs within us. So here we are living on a planet and out of it’s own life processes has created an atmosphere that concentrates oxygen and therefore supports life on earth. That our planet is sitting in a solar system with planets all rotating around the sun - sitting within the sun’s magnetic field and that field is like an onion with rings of magnetism and the planets run around on those rings and of course beyond that we have stars and our sun is a star and then we have billions of stars in our galaxy and beyond this we have billions of galaxies. So the reality of where we are living is that we have this star realm, the planet realm, the atmosphere and then we have the earth. So he says that there are 4 great dimensions that exist. Steiner says that all these four realms work in towards us - because all the stars are beaming ‘forces’ at us … like when we learn that there are as many stars in the sky as there are grains of sand on the planet - that we can have an image that we are living in the middle of an energetic hologram and that these stars have been beaming forces at us for billions of years constantly and where we are - we are held by this ocean of energy - and the sun within our solar system organises its own things and the planets organise their own things. What Steiner says is that he uses Hindu lore saying that the star realm is ‘spirit’ - for the planetary realm he called ‘astral’ - for the atmosphere ‘etheric’ and the physical he called the ‘physical’. So the 4 kingdoms of nature use those four ‘activities’ in increasing complexity - so the mineral kingdom is just the physical body and the plant kingdom has this growth and light so it includes the atmosphere and then the animal kingdom has movement and some degree of consciousness - which brings in the astral planetary sphere - and finally we humans bring in the star qualities and show up as our self consciousness. Glen goes on to say that basically we are looking at everything as being a manifestation of just those 4 things. That when we bring this into balance we have health and if there is any imbalance within any of those 4 activities - we have ill health. He says it’s a fairly simple game … but it is based on reality - the planets are real - the stars are real .... Holons Also mentioned were holons and we are nested holons in our planets biosphere and it is nested in the solar system which is nested in the galactic And we have organs that are made of cells and the cells go down to molecules to the atomic and subatomic - that everything is integrated from the microcosm to the microcosm. His Website has more detail.  http://garudabd.org/ Periodic Table of Elements The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements that we have today that goes back to the so called enlightenment the 16 century  - and its rectangular shaped and is put together in so called family groups of elements. That there are 8 major groups of elements, then there are 10 groups of trace elements and then 14 groups of rare earth elements and in each family there is 7 layers some have elements in those manifest and other layers don’t. Now, Glenn has been studying soil science as part of agriculture - and you go down to where everything is atoms and atoms are these spherical balls of energetic activity. Toroidal Spherical Form Once something moves it starts to spin and it polarises and it creates this sort of toroidal form that has become quite common and the toroidal form is the pattern of existence - a sphere - everything is a sphere.    We all have our energetic activity around us - so we are an energetic sphere or field and planets have an energetic sphere and everything is an energetic sphere - so when we are talking about chemistry and we are looking at this rectangular pattern and we think of an element, for example like calcium. So what we have to do is create in our mind this nucleus with so many protons and neutrons and then two or three rings of electrons and some of those rings are not full - they can take more electrons - this becomes the basis of the interaction of the element. If a ring is not full it will go on to jump on to some other element to fill that energy lack and this is how we get the chemical interactions. So it is really an interplay of spheres - so we are forever making an adjustment between the rectangle and the sphere - and to many it is one of the hurdles of coming to grips with chemistry. Why not draw this up as a Sphere? So Glen thought - why don’t we draw this up as a sphere - but first of all why not start with a circle and start from there and the above three groups - the majors, the tracers and the rare earth - so they are different numbers. So when we listen to music and Glens background in astrology informs us as well because in an astrology chart we have these different angular relationships - we might call them 30 degree relationships - 45 degree relationships and 72 degree relationships between the planets - and he says that gives you the idea as in music that there is a 3rd harmonic and 4th harmonic and a 5th harmonic - and just as the 4th in music is discordant - where as the 3rd is harmonious and friendly - so that’s what happened between the planets. So in chemistry there is a 4th harmonic in the major elements - because there is 8 of them. There is a 5th harmonic with the trace elements  - so this gave Glen the impression that they were different - they were running on these different sort of harmonics as it were - frequencies   - so he could see them as groups and if we start to get this idea that everything is a sphere and therefore a circle is one 360 degree slice of a sphere  - so we get that the circles resonate with the spheres - he says this is quite an important thought (come back to this later) That every circle resonates with everything in creation. But in the development of the chemistry (it was well) we’ve got these three groups of elements and they can all be put on an individual sphere. Glen goes on to say what happens when we put something on a circle, that what we know in astrology is that we start getting these angular relationships - elements set opposite each other - they set at a 90 degree angle to each other  - a 30 degree angle to each other  - so what starts to happen when we put things on a circle we start to see relationships between the elements that aren't obvious in the rectangle. One of the classics in this is phosphorus and potassium set opposite to each other -  are seen on a circle and in agriculture this is one of our greatest issues - that originally when settlers started farming here - they realised they lacked phosphorous, so along came superphosphate - which in itself is a very good fertiliser and they piled the phosphorus in, but then they realised the potassium was not active - and so they thought to then just pile in the potassium - and so along comes potassium phosphate, potassium chloride and they piled that in and then all of a sudden they realised that they were locking up all the calcium in the phosphorus. So this is one of the biggest dilemmas in modern agriculture, especially in NZ is that we have this excess of potassium and although the calcium and the phosphorus is sitting there in the soil - it won’t be released. Then once Glen did his circular periodic table it became very clear that it was this excess of potassium that was blocking all of the phosphorus. So he made up a product that would suppress the potassium and all of a sudden out comes all of the phosphorus and then the calcium comes out a little bit later. He said that these chemical relationships start to become very obvious once you see them in a circle.. He further states that once we have all these 3 different groups of elements on a circle - then we can put them on top of each other. Then instantly we can see which trace elements have a particular relationship to the major elements - so that there is an interrelationship between all these elements that is impossible to see on a rectangular pattern. So the rectangular pattern does not work, and is not real - because chemistry does not organise to a rectangle - it organises according to spheres . As in atoms … Tim mentions that Pythagoras 2,500 year ago in Greece said that when we still ourselves and meditate it was possible to ‘hear the music of the spheres.’ That the planets each have a different musical note, because each one is a different size with a different rotational speed - hence they each give off a distinct pitch or tone. So in truth - the music of the spheres.   The Circle shows the Pros and Cons of the Table of Elements Huge areas of land in NZ are locked up because of cadmium - coming via the phosphate fertiliser - and cadmium is in the same family as mercury and zinc. That zinc as an element he says when sited on the circle is very prominent and sits very close to helping the etheric or the life processes work into the physical body. Saying we also know that zinc is a primary element that helps with fertility of plants and people. It is a primary health element. He says if you lift up the cadmium or mercury in an environment then it is going to debilitate the zinc and once this happens, it also immobilises the opposite element - which is manganese and there is an interrelationship between the two  -and manganese shows up in good seed development - that for plants to fully reach the end of their life they have to have good manganese up-take - so the zinc and manganese interplay in this fertility expression. So by upping the mercury and cadmium it knocks out the basic fertility process. Glen says that where he is living (he has recently shifted there) that it has 10 times the amount of phosphate in the soil that it should. That it causes trouble and it affects and debilitates many of the other elements. That farms with high levels of potassium used to balance out the phosphate in the soil results in all sorts of knock on effect and the metabolic dysfunction has cows pooping liquid feces and that is not good. For the cow is not 100% healthy and the soil and groundwater is affected too. Too much potassium is very problematic. He said the various knock on effects are such that it is now not uncommon for farms to have 25% of cows not being able to get pregnant. The costs build up when the veterinarian has to come out every day to artificially inseminate the cows. Regenerative Farming is very sound for Ecology and Animal Health. Regenerative farming came up - where it is a fast growing farming practice across NZ and does not have any chemical input. Glen says that in the area he lives in around Waipukurau there are a lot of sheep and beef farms that have not been able to afford to put on chemical fertilisers (that destroy the soil) and so regenerative and biological farming is becoming a growth industry. He said that other than some thistle sprays and some weed drenching - the beef and sheep industry are moving a lot closer to organics now. Also covered in this interview was the amount of urea that is being put on NZ farms too. Huge amounts of urea being used on farms. It is common that farmers can put up to 450 kilograms of water soluble nitrogen on the paddocks per year and this had Dr Mike Joy state. https://www.ourplanet.org/greenplanetfm/mike-joy-nz-ecological-voice-for-waterways-ecology https://www.ourplanet.org/greenplanetfm/dr-mike-joy-the-true-story-of-new-zealands-ecological-status That farms can run efficiently and actually do ok with only 35 kgs of soluble nitrogen per farm. He cautions too about ammonium sulphate on the soil, it kills all the worms and at that point cow dung will not break down - sitting there for months on end and that stops the grass growing … Listen to this as Glen gives a good understanding of what happens at the back end of cows … Farmers caught in a quandary that they have to let go of. Hear of the dilemma around farms having shares in fertiliser companies - from which they gain a financial return, but with ‘over fertilising’ killing the soils and the micro organisms - other farmers are being impelled to move to low input biological and regenerative farming that doesn’t use these fertilisers. OTHER subject covered: Listen to Glen talk about the profundity of a circle  To the circle on the shady side of trees, on Bach flowers remedies. It’s all very profound. Glen talks about corruption and psychopaths that we have embedded in the economic system and it is everywhere at all levels of society. That this has to be addressed. About bacteria that bury into rocks. That soil microorganisms, the bacteria and fungi are so important for healthy land management and a vibrant biosphere.  He mentions the NZ family company Bostock nz  One of the largest organic producers of apples in the Southern hemisphere. It’s in the Hawkes Bay the area where Glen lives and he says it is a growing organic and GE Free area - but there is still a large amount of spray usage today. :( Glen says back in the 60’s and 70s we did not have the organic knowledge and track record  - but now we do. That NZ can really become a food producer of the highest organic standards and it’s a win win win for all. Have we the will to bring about positive change?  This is the question. Glen said that he is more than happy to be part of this regenerative renaissance here in NZ. Glen is presently looking at fungal control - lime sulphur a chemical is sprayed for black spot but it curtails photosynthesis for that plant and it's still a big problem in organic fruit, like grapes and stone fruit. He is having success with powdery mildew and various fruit rot. So he is still experimenting with organic ways to bring balance into combatting different dis-eases.  He is having some successes.  Glyphosate spraying is now rampant throughout NZ agriculture. In the last few minutes of this interview I ask him why there are large paddocks in many areas of NZ that are orange in colour and stand out like proverbial - marigold fields? This is when Glen let’s go. Farmers are spraying their crops with Monsanto’s poison - glyphosate. It’s everywhere - it is a crime against humanity and a crime against nature. Listen to these last few moments where he and I rip into the upper reaches of the Farming organisations that allows this wanton destruction of the NZ environment. These last few moments really let out the lies and corruption that is going on in NZ that is totally sabotaging and destroying NZs already tarnished image of a clean green country. Please - make the effort to listen and then network it to friends, associates and others.   In finishing. I will have to get Glen back on radio very soon, because there were a few questions that I needed to ask him - which focus on the first 1/3 of the interview.  The tying in of forces affecting humans plus, to ask him to more easily explain that ‘within a sphere you can place a cube’ and that ‘within that cube you can place a sphere’ - down - Ad infinitum  - Just like the nesting  Russian dolls, babushka. http://garudabd.org/   Next Week’s Interview Jana Dixon Jana Dixon who was  born here in Warkworth NZ, now lives in Boulder Colorado in the US. Jana is an independent researcher and author working on a variety of subjects such as natural health, permaculture, restorative ecology, the psychology of sovereignty, spiritual awakening and the design of Civilization Next. Jana is particularly interested in the 1080 poison debacle having been a student for a couple of years at the "conventional" agricultural university "Lincoln College," in which research for the use of 1080 was conducted. She is interested in biological pest control and favours the idea of the introduction of one of the largest animals into our NZ ecosystem as a way to control the 50 - 7 million possums in this country. https://www.academia.edu/42322071/THE_1080_DEBACLE

This week, a celebration of the quintessential Renaissance man: yes, it's opera singer Dominic Kraemer with an interview about CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. We're also marking the 500th deathday of some guy called Leonardo who was similarly talented in both the arts and sciences. In Poland, the art world has gone bananas; in Spain, there's life in socialism yet; and British chemist and YouTube sensation Martyn Poliakoff is here to explain why he wants to turn the periodic table upside down, literally. In a week when we won a big prize, we want to say thanks more than ever for listening. Particularly huge thanks go to our Patreon supporters. If you want to throw a dollar or so into the tip jar, you can do so at patreon.com/europeanspodcast. Beat Polish censorship by watching Natalia LL's work here. Love it? Hate it? Let us know: Twitter.com/EuropeansPod Instagram.com/europeanspodcast Facebook.com/europeanspodcast europeanspodcast@gmail.com

A second, the basic unit of time, is defined by caesium, which is also useful for dating things. Find out more about caesium's role as a timekeeper, in ep 15 of Elemental with Allan Blackman from AUT.

A second, the basic unit of time, is defined by caesium, which is also useful for dating things. Find out more about caesium's role as a timekeeper, in ep 15 of Elemental with Allan Blackman from AUT.

A second, the basic unit of time, is defined by caesium, which is also useful for dating things. Find out more about caesium's role as a timekeeper, in ep 15 of Elemental with Allan Blackman from AUT.

Cadmium has featured in red traffic lights, rechargeable batteries and now has a role in quantum dots, according to Allan Blackman, from AUT, in ep 14 of Elemental.

Cadmium has featured in red traffic lights, rechargeable batteries and now has a role in quantum dots, according to Allan Blackman, from AUT, in ep 14 of Elemental.

Cadmium has featured in red traffic lights, rechargeable batteries and now has a role in quantum dots, according to Allan Blackman, from AUT, in ep 14 of Elemental.

The story of bromine is one of the color purple, the Dead Sea and an early poison gas used in the First World War, says Allan Blackman from AUT, in ep 13 of Elemental.

The story of bromine is one of the color purple, the Dead Sea and an early poison gas used in the First World War, says Allan Blackman from AUT, in ep 13 of Elemental.

The story of bromine is one of the color purple, the Dead Sea and an early poison gas used in the First World War, says Allan Blackman from AUT, in ep 13 of Elemental.

We celebrate the Periodic Table on today's episode! UNESCO has announced that 2019 is the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. Yay!

James Harris was involved in discovering chemical elements 104 and 105 and was the first African American to contribute in the discovery of new chemical elements, adding to chemical element table. Enjoy --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/EverydayBlackHistory/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/EverydayBlackHistory/support

Sacred geometry ascribes symbolic and sacred meanings to certain geometric shapes and certain geometric proportions.[1] It is associated with the belief that a god is the geometer of the world. The geometry used in the design and construction of religious structures such as churches, temples, mosques, religious monuments, altars, and tabernacles has sometimes been considered sacred. The concept applies also to sacred spaces such as temenoi, sacred groves, village greens and holy wells, and the creation of religious art.

Sacred geometry ascribes symbolic and sacred meanings to certain geometric shapes and certain geometric proportions.[1] It is associated with the belief that a god is the geometer of the world. The geometry used in the design and construction of religious structures such as churches, temples, mosques, religious monuments, altars, and tabernacles has sometimes been considered sacred. The concept applies also to sacred spaces such as temenoi, sacred groves, village greens and holy wells, and the creation of religious art.

Find this episode and all episodes at the page for Cider Chat's podcasts. Prevention & Correction of Sulfur-Off Odors in Cider Production was presented by Rebecca deKramer, cider specialist at Scott Laboratories at CiderCon2018. Become an eCiderNews subscriber to download the Power Point Presentation that goes along with this presentation. Click download This chat begins at approximately 9 minutes in. Rebecca presents on the following topics Defining Sulfur-Off Odors Causes of Sulfur-Off Odors Methodologies for preventing Sulfur-Off Odor formation Methodologies for correcting Sulfur-Off Odors What kind of strains of yeast to use Temperature for fermentation How much yeast to use? Chemical Elements impacting cider Sulfur - H2S (hydrogen sulfur) mercaptans from by the break down of certain amino acids if they oxidize, Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S can be produced. DMS is aromatic and can not easily be removed by copper - Rebekka speaks on the use of copper to remove specific odors The first thing to do for off odor - sulfur aireate the most simplest technique to control off odors? Rack cider off of the gross lees If at the end of fermentation the cider is producing off odors, "simply stirring the gross lees into solution can help." Most common factor contributing to sulfur off odors? the yeast being stressed Rebekka's recommendation - "Have happy yeast. If you have happy yeast, you will have a good fermentation. If you have unhappy yeast they will make your life hell." Orchards that use a sulfur based spray for orchard control. Depending upon the timing of the spray it could leave residual copper on the apple, that can affect the cider. Additional cider and cider yeast considerations The more clarified or concentrated the juice will affect the fermentation as it will have less nutrients for the yeast. Canning cider can make cider suspectible to oxygen as can some screws caps 24:16 - Fermentation Indigenous Fermentations or using wild yeast. Rebekka recommends management via nutrient control, because you do not know what yeast is in the driver seat. "It is a leap of faith" Commercial Pitch - there are numerous options, but make sure to follow the manufacturer's recommendations. If you have no temperature control for fermentation, avoid yeast that require temperature control. Do not under inoculate.  The chances are high that you will have a stressed yeast if you do not follow the manufacturer's recommendations. rehydrate dry yeast before pitching - to nurture a happy yeast environment Treat as soon as you start smelling an off flavor Use the Penny Test for finding H2S. Drop a 1984 or earlier penny into a glass of cider and see if it removes the H2S. will H2s or a mercaptan It responds instantly. If it doesn't respond Rebekka says that the cider is likely in a desulfite form treat with asorbic acid to reduce Make sure it is a penny that is as old as 19 Contact Scott Laboratories Website: http://www.scottlab.com/ email: info@scottlab.com  Telephone: 707- 765-6666 Mentions in this Chat ciderGoingUp Campaign  Ross on Wye Cider and Perry Company John Edwards - Chemical Fingerprints in Cider presented at CiderCon2018 will be posted soon - Stay tuned. John's business: Process and Analytical NMR Services Ask for the following cideries and businesses- By supporting these cidermakers, you in turn help Cider Chat Kurant Cider - Pennsylvania : listen to Joe Getz on episode 14 Big Apple Hard Cider - NYC : listen to Danielle von Scheiner on episode 35 Oliver’s Cider and Perry - Herefordshire/UK ; listen to Tom Oliver on episode 29 Santa Cruz Cider Company - California : listen to Nicole Todd on episode 60 The Cider Project aka EthicCider- California Albermale CiderWorks : listen to Chuck Shelton on episode 56 Cider Summit : listen to Alan Shapiro founder of this cider fest on episode 75. Ramborn Cider Co. Luxembourg. Big Fish Cider Co. Virginia Tanuki Cider Co. Santa Cruz California episode 103 Ross on Wye Cider and Perry, UK Process and Analytical NMR Services - John Edwards provides analytics of cider - stay tuned for his Chemical Fingerprints workshop coming up on Cider Chat Join the #ciderGoingUP Campaign today!  Please Help Support Cider Chat Please donate today. Help keep the chat thriving! Find this episode and all episodes at the page for Cider Chat's podcasts. Listen also at iTunes, Google Play, Stitcher (for Android), iHeartRadio , Spotify and wherever you love to listen to podcasts. Follow on twitter @ciderchat

1107 What's up Doc: Super Elements-Chemical Elements with Superpowers

We're a person short this week, but we're going to discuss things no matter what! Join the We Write Things crew as we talk about naming cars, Buffy, Chemical Elements, Buffy, catching up on TV over the summer, Buffy, lunch disasters, Buffy, and a lot more!

We tour the periodic table - the 'map' of the atoms If you're looking for the show notes for episode 6, click here. Sorry about the mistake! This is your brain on podcasts...podcasts are good! (The New York Times) Our Strange Attractor website The Overcast podcast player is great & free...get it! (Overcast) Boris Becker (Bio) The periodic table - how atoms are organised (ptable.com) Dimitri Mendeleev & the periodic table (Royal Society of Chemistry) The magnetic periodic table of swear words (Amazon) True nerds name their devices/servers according to a theme (Naming Schemes) Mendeleev's predicted elements (Wikipedia) Arrangement of the elements (BBC) What is atomic mass? (Encyclopaedia Britannica) What is atomic weight? (Encyclopaedia Britannica) The atomic masses of tellurium & iodine are anomalies (BBC) B&Q Bunnings Home Depot Turning lead into gold is too much effort (Scientific American) Turning lead into gold is too much effort (Chemistry Explained) But...medieval alchemy paved the way to chemistry (Wikipedia) What is an electron? (Chem4Kids) Number of electrons = number of protons in the nucleus (Jefferson Lab) The 'solar system' atom diagram & electron shells (CIR Rm.6) Atoms like to have full outer shells...apparently it makes them 'happy' (The Science Forum) Bonding diagrams of simple things like water (BBC) Simple animation of H2 and H2O electron sharing (BBC) Electrons in the shells of the first 20 elements (BBC) An atom can have more or less electrons than protons - then it's 'charged' (Physics Classroom) Electron shells are divided up into orbitals (Wikibooks) Electron configurations listed on the periodic table (Chemical Elements) Row 1 of the periodic table is called 'period 1': 1 shell with 0-2 electrons (Wikipedia) Row 2 of the periodic table is called 'period 2': 2 shells, outer shell 0-8 electrons (Wikipedia) Lithium: first shell full, 1 electron in 2nd outer shell (BBC) Number of electrons in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc. outer shells (Wikipedia) What is a chemical reaction? (Encyclopaedia Britannica) What is chemistry (& physics)? (About Education) What is physics? (Physics.org) Lithium, sodium & potassium react with water (YouTube) What happens when you throw a lump of sodium in a river? (Digg) Making table salt: sodium + chlorine reaction (Digg) Neon has 8 electrons in its outer shell so it's full (BBC) Elements in the vertical columns of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell (Boundless) When you go down a row ('period'), you add an electron shell (Chem4Kids) Sodium: 1st & 2nd shells full, 1 electron in 3rd outer shell (BBC) Chlorine has 7 electrons in its 3rd (outer shell) - it wants 1 more to feel complete (BBC) Table salt & its ionic bonding (NaCl) (GCSE Science) Johnny's @ate_a_boiledegg account hasn't really taken off yet (Twitter) Sodium's symbol (Na) comes from the Latin word for sodium carbonate, 'natrium' (Jefferson Lab) Lead's symbol (Pb) comes from the Latin word for liquid silver, 'plumbum' (WebElements) What is a salt? (Wikipedia) Potassium: 1st, 2nd, 3rd shells full, 1 electron in 4th outer shell (BBC) Potassium bromide (KBr) is also a salt - formerly used as an anticonvulsant (Wikipedia) What is methane? (Science is fun) Why do we need salt? (The Naked Scientists) What is solubility? (Wikipedia) When things dissolve in water it's called an 'aqueous solution' (Wikipedia) Physicists often wonder "What would happen if the laws of physics changed?" (The Nature of Reality) Are there other universes with other laws? (The Daily Galaxy) "In search for alien life - follow the water" (Space.com) "Could alien life exist in the methane habitable zone?" (Space.com) Saturn's moon, Titan, has lakes of liquid methane and ethane (Wikipedia) So far, the periodic table seems to work across the universe (Hayden Planetarium) The 'nucleosynthesis periodic table' shows what kind of stars made each element (Wikipedia) Once you're in the 80s & 90s in the periodic table, things get a bit unstable (Wikipedia) What is radioactive decay? (NDT Resource Center) What is uranium? (Jefferson Lab) Uranium the movie (GenePool Productions) What is plutonium? (Jefferson Lab) Uranium eventually turns into lead after spitting out enough protons & energy (Wikipedia) The 3 types of radiation - alpha, beta & gamma (BBC) After 92 (uranium), the elements are all manmade (Jefferson Lab) The 'transfermium elements' (past 100) only exist for seconds (Chemistry Explained) "Superheavy element 117 points to fabled 'island of stability' on periodic table" (Scientific American) Systematic element name: the temporary name given to a newly-made or not-yet-made element (Wikipedia) The periodic table's 4 new elements - ununtrium, ununpentium, ununseptium and ununoctium - are just placeholder names (Compound Interest) When Mendeleev published the first periodic table in 1869, he had to leave predictions/gaps for the future (Wikipedia) Marie Curie wasn't born until 1867, just when the periodic table was invented (Nobelprize.org) Mendeleev died in 1907, so he enjoyed his periodic table for 38 years (Wikipedia) Is that Mendeleev on the cover of Jethro Tull's Aqualung?? (Wikipedia) How are elements grouped? aww the 'poor metals' (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Mendeleev apparently dreamt the periodic table! (Wikipedia) "How one scientist dreamt up the periodic table" (Curiosity) What's in a periodic table dream? (Dreaminterpretation Dictionary) The ye olde 1871 periodic table (Wikipedia) The periodic table was invented before we knew about electrons (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Other scientists contributed, or got close, to inventing the periodic table (Royal Society of Chemistry) Lanthanides & actanides (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Let's draw Feynman diagrams! (Quantum Diaries) Quantum calculations are haaaard - here's a paper called "Accurate Atomic Transition Probabilities for Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium" (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Fancy a radon bath? (PubMed: Dose Response. 2006; 4(2): 106–118) Marie Curie died of the radiation (BBC) Marie Curie's notebooks are still radioactive (Open Culture) Radox Corrections The most common form of hydrogen has 1 proton, 1 electron & NO neutrons (Chemical Elements) HOWEVER...deuterium, another form of hydrogen, has 1 neutron (Wikipedia) In 'covalent' bonds, electrons are shared by atoms (e.g. H2O) (Virtual Chembook) In 'ionic' bonds, electrons are transferred between atoms (e.g. NaCl) (Virtual Chembook) NASA thinks the moon MAY have water - 6 billion tonnes of water ice (NASA) Unobtanium isn't real yet Johnny (Daily Galaxy) Cheeky review? (If we may be so bold) It'd be amazing if you gave us a short review...it'll make us easier to find in iTunes: Click here for instructions. You're the best! We owe you a free hug and/or a glass of wine from our cellar

Stanford Technology Ventures Program's Executive Director Tina Seelig shares rich insights in creative thinking and the entrepreneurial mindset. Her talk, based on her 2009 book, What I Wish I Knew When I Was 20, cites numerous classroom successes of applied problem-solving and the lessons of failure.

Intro In our previous discussion regarding gaming we learned about Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games or MMORPGs. Among the most popular was World of Warcraft. This week we consider The Webware Wars. Among the factors that have led to the proliferation of webware are: increased adoption of high-speed internet, greater bandwidth, cheap storage and a new dynamic and interactive web architecture enable by a collection of technologies referred to as Web 2.0 and AJAX. Everybody's getting into the act, including big players like Microsoft and Google, and little fish like Zoho and Thinkfree. Mike, let's start out with what we have been using the longest - What are some of the New Features in Google Docs and Spreadsheets? As with any Google product, new features are quietly added with little notice or fanfare. Since we last talked about Google docs and Spreadsheets (GDS), there have been a number of additions and improvements - mostly on the spreadsheets side of the house. The first addition is actually within Gmail - Google's popular web-based email. In the past, when a Gmail user received an email attachment (either word or excel) the only option was to open the attachment as an an html document-viewing only, or download and open the attachment. Now when a users receives an excel document, the have the option of opening that spreadsheet directly in GDS - presumably, a similar functionality will eventually be available for word documents. Can you describe GoogleLookup? This a new feature in the spreadsheets portion of the GDS that takes advantage of the online nature of GDS. In fact, it's a formula in the spreadsheet that attempts to answer a question by using information from the web. The syntax is fairly straightforward: =GoogleLookup("entity", "attribute") [the double quotes are required!] Some examples include: looking up the population of New York City [=GoogleLookup("New York City", "population")] or when Google was founded [=googlelookup("google", "founded")] =GoogleLookup("Springfield, MA", "population") gives us 152,082  =GoogleLookup("NJ", "population") gives us 8,414,350 If you mouse over the cell, you'll see links to the source pages. Don't expect to change the world with this function, but have fun with it. What are some of the entity types you can look up? Here are some of the types of entities you can access using GoogleLookup, and a few popular attribute names (some entities won't have all these attributes, and some will have more, so experiment): Countries and Territories (like "Burkina Faso"): population, capital, largest city, gdp U.S. States (like "Tennessee"): area, governor, nickname, flower Rivers (like "Amazon River"): origin, length Cities and Towns (like "Chicago"): state, mayor, elevation Musicians (like "John Lennon"): date of birth, place of birth, nationality Actors (like "Audrey Hepburn"): date of birth, place of birth, nationality Politicians (like "Anwar Al-Sadat"): date of birth, place of birth, nationality U.S. Presidents (like "Zachary Taylor"): date of birth, place of birth, political party Baseball Players (like "Wade Boggs"): games, at bats, earned run average, position Chemical Elements (like "Helium"): atomic number, discovered by, atomic weight Chemical Compounds (like "Isopropyl Alcohol"): chemical formula, melting point, boiling point, density Stars (like "Betelgeuse"): constellation, distance, mass, temperature Planets (like "Saturn"): number of moons, length of day, distance from sun, atmosphere Dinosaurs (like "Velociraptor"): height, weight, when it lived Ships (like "USS Chesapeake"): length, displacement, complement, commissioned Companies (like "Hewlett-Packard"): employees, ceo, ticker What about GoogleFinance? While GoogleLookup provides access to a wide variety of data, another new feature, GoogleFinance provides just financial data pulled from Google Finance. Using a similar syntax, you can look up the price of Google stock [=GoogleFinance("GOOG")] or the 52-week high of Apple [=GoogleFinance("AAPL", "HIGH52")]. And since this type of data changes fairly frequently, they are updated in your spreadsheet automatically. How has Publishing Improved? Google has also improved web-based publishing of spreadsheets. You can publish your entire spreadsheet (or just one sheet of it) so that other people can view it as HTML, or PDF - without having to sign in to a Google Account. The HTML even updates is the original spreadsheet changes. Last week in Houston you demo'ed something called Thinkfree - can you tell us about that?Thinkfree http://www.thinkfree.com/common/main.tfo A new addition to the webware wars is Thinkfree and their online office suite. Like GDS, Thinkfree provides online access to Word and Excel documents - what differentiates it is the addition of powerpoint and the ability to create charts in calc - their version of Excel. Thinkfree provides 1 Gig of space for their Thinkfree Write, Calc and Show suite. The collaboration and revisioning features are very similar to GDS. I would rate the interface a little cleaner and more user-friendly - Thinkfree refers to your online documents as your webtop, as opposed to your desktop. Like GDS, the architecture is AJAX-based, but Thinkfree uses JAVA as well. Another interesting feature that the Thinkfree suite provides is a doc exchange - an online repository that users can publish their documents to and share with one another - in fact this feature allows for a variety of creative commons licensing options. Another neat option is the Bulletin Board - sort of a guest book, where you can view all of your published and blogged files, collaborate with other Thinkfree users and get feedback from people all over the world. Another unique thing about Thinkfree's Online office suite is that it's just one of a number of products that they have launched. In addition to the free online version, there are commercial versions available including a server version, a desktop version and a portable version. The desktop and server versions are cross-platform, running on Windows, MAC and Linux and are reasonably priced ($50 desktop, server pricing starts at $30 per user per year). The portable addition runs on a U3 drive - similar to a USB drive, but with the ability to run applications - see http://www.u3.com/default.aspx for more info on U3 technology. Finally, there's a version of portable show (powerpoint) for the iPod. Are there any other applications we should take a look at?Solodox http://www.solodox.com Not nearly as far along in development as either GDS or Thinkfree is Solodox. In fact, on their website, the product is listed as an alpha - in the nomenclature of software development and testing, alpha-testing is internal testing that occurs before the software is made available to the public for beta-testing. So why bother discussing a product that's not ready for prime time? Well what's unique about Solodox is that in addition to providing a web-based word processor with features similar to other such products (creating, editing and sharing documents) Solodox And Solodox supports English, Japanese and Chinese.Where is Microsoft going with this webware technology? In the December 4 issue of Business Week Seattle Bureau Chief Jay Greene interviewed Kevin Johnson, co-president of Microsoft's platform and services division, which makes Windows, and Jeff Raikes, president of Microsoft's business division, which is responsible for Office. Here's a couple of quotes from this interview: In the Web 2.0 world where everything seems to be moving online, it almost seems anachronistic to be talking about packaged software. RAIKES: The new world of computing is the combination of software and services, and Microsoft is very, very focused on that services opportunity. I think the point that some of the competition misses is they think of it as an either/or situation when in reality it's an "and" situation--it's software and services, and you use the combination to do the best job for the customer. But doesn't the growing importance of the Web and all sorts of devices require Microsoft to take a different approach? RAIKES: You might think the core of our business is the PC. That's the misconception. The core of our business is software. And the software can be applied to the PC, the software can be applied to the server. When K.J. [Johnson] was joining the company [14 years ago], servers were kind of just getting started for us. Now we're big in game consoles. Did we want to get into Xbox because we wanted to be a hardware company? No, Xbox is a vehicle that allows us to deliver software. Zune is about software. So we are about software, and if you stick to that understanding of our company, then it's a lot easier to see how we transform.You can find the entire interview at: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_49/b4012009.htm The pricing has me a bit concerned: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/products/FX101754511033.aspx

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the chemical elements. The aim and challenge in chemistry, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, is the understanding of the complex materials which constitute everything in existence since the Big Bang, when the whole universe emerged out of the two elements of hydrogen and helium. For Aristotle there were four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. Now there are one hundred and eight, sixteen of which are produced artificially, and none of which figure in Aristotle's original four. But they are all still elements - defined as substances which cannot be broken down, the building blocks of all life.Today we have the key to understanding these elements, the Periodic Table, which is a pattern embedded in nature and was miraculously discovered in a dream. With Paul Strathern, former lecturer in philosophy and science, Kingston University and author of Mendeleyev's Dream: The Quest for the Elements; Dr Mary Archer, Visiting Professor of Chemistry at Imperial College, London; John Murrell, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of Sussex.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the chemical elements. The aim and challenge in chemistry, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, is the understanding of the complex materials which constitute everything in existence since the Big Bang, when the whole universe emerged out of the two elements of hydrogen and helium. For Aristotle there were four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. Now there are one hundred and eight, sixteen of which are produced artificially, and none of which figure in Aristotle's original four. But they are all still elements - defined as substances which cannot be broken down, the building blocks of all life.Today we have the key to understanding these elements, the Periodic Table, which is a pattern embedded in nature and was miraculously discovered in a dream. With Paul Strathern, former lecturer in philosophy and science, Kingston University and author of Mendeleyev's Dream: The Quest for the Elements; Dr Mary Archer, Visiting Professor of Chemistry at Imperial College, London; John Murrell, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of Sussex.