Podcasts about Luxembourg

The Space Show presents Bob Zimmerman, Tuesday, 1-20-26Quick SummaryWe started this Space Show program with Bob Zimmerman with discussions about space exploration policies, private industry involvement, and the current state of various space companies, including ULA and Blue Origin, along with a brief mention of Robert's book “Conscious Choice.”Detailed SummaryBob and David discussed the potential impact of a space program incident with Artemis, comparing it to past accidents and suggesting it could lead to a significant overhaul of NASA's programs. The conversation touched on the Artemis flight and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Bob opened up referring to his Op-Ed in which he criticized the press coverage of NASA's Artemis II mission, accusing journalists of being overly positive without addressing engineering concerns. He expressed concerns about the mission's safety, particularly regarding the untested life support system and the damaged heat shield, which NASA has only partially addressed by adjusting the flight path. Zimmerman compared the situation to SpaceX's more rigorous testing requirements for its Crew Dragon capsule, highlighting NASA's double standard in demanding multiple uncrewed test flights from commercial partners but not from its own SLS rocket.Bob also expressed concerns about NASA's decision to proceed with the Artemis II mission, citing inadequate testing and a culture that prioritizes schedule over engineering safety. He highlighted that the mission lacks critical testing, such as a heat shield test using Falcon Heavy, and criticized NASA's management for not standing up to political pressure to achieve a lunar landing before the current administration's term ends. Marshall suggested using an alternative method to test the heat shield, but Bob explained that NASA had already lost valuable time and was planning to use a different design for the next mission. Several in the group agreed that the Artemis II mission, while potentially successful, could be counterproductive by allowing NASA to continue misleading the public about the program's readiness.Next, Bob went after the Senate launch system as poorly managed and equipment-poor, noting that Congress created the rocket without a clear mission, which NASA is now struggling to define. He expressed more concerns about the Orion heat shield's untested design and emphasized the importance of fixing problems rather than working around them, especially when human lives are at stake. Phil suggested that sophisticated simulations could reduce the number of flights needed, but Robert argued that ultimately, hardware must be tested in real-world conditions. David pointed out that NASA's statements indicate they plan to use a new heat shield design in a future mission, which Phil initially criticized but Bob defended as a necessary step, albeit one that should have been tested beforehand.The Wisdom Team discussed concerns about NASA's approach to the Orion and SLS mission, with Bob being critical of NASA's management and politicians for prioritizing cost savings over safety by reusing shuttle parts. Dallas and Joe expressed skepticism about the mission's cost-effectiveness and engineering decisions, while David emphasized the need for Congress to question NASA's choices. The discussion highlighted the tension between political pressures and engineering realities in space exploration, with no clear solutions proposed by the end of the meeting.Bob went on expressing skepticism about NASA's Artemis program and the Space Launch System (SLS), arguing that the real space program in the United States is currently led by SpaceX. He criticized the Artemis mission as trivial and not historically significant, advocating instead for fostering a robust American private industry in low Earth orbit and beyond. Dr. Kothari questioned Bob's views, particularly regarding his recent op-ed, and discussed the potential dangers of the Artemis II mission. They also touched on alternative testing methods for the Orion spacecraft and the need for infrastructure development on the Moon.The Wisdom Team discussed the role of government and private enterprise in space exploration, with Bob emphasizing the importance of competition and innovation among various American space companies. Phil argued that NASA's leadership is crucial for guiding private industry and managing risks, while Bob suggested that NASA should set goals and provide a framework for private companies to achieve them without micromanaging the process. Joe noted that the Artemis Accords might be the most enduring legacy of the Artemis program.The tem discussed the Artemis Accords, which Bob explained were initially introduced by the Trump administration as a way to encourage private enterprise in space and potentially lead to changes in the Outer Space Treaty that prohibits property rights. Joe noted that Portugal had recently joined the Accords, bringing the total to 60 nations, with many post-Soviet countries participating. Phil suggested that allowing property rights in space could help redirect expansionist leaders' attention from Earth to space exploration, while Bob agreed with this approach and proposed establishing international rules similar to the Homestead Act to allow nations to claim territory under specific conditions.Bob discussed the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's aging issues, noting an increase in anomalies and color dropouts due to the camera's degradation. Alfred McEwen explained that the problem is being managed by adjusting the camera's temperature, but more funding is needed for calibration. Robert highlighted the orbiter's importance in revealing Mars' icy nature and its potential for future human settlement. The group also discussed private and government missions to Venus, including Rocket Lab's delayed mission, NASA's canceled missions, and India's planned Venus orbiter. Phil mentioned China's proposed Venus Volcano Imaging and Climate Explorer mission, though its launch details remain unclear.The group discussed current and future planetary missions, with Bob noting that NASA's Venus missions are on hold and the U.S. has limited active planetary exploration compared to other countries. They explored Blue Origin's potential to increase competition in space travel, with Bob expressing hope that under new CEO David Limp's leadership, the company could become more competitive with SpaceX. The discussion also covered Blue Origin's orbital reef project, which our guest described as currently inactive, and Marshall inquired about cost reduction goals in space travel, to which Bob and Phil noted that while Blue Origin's David Limp has mentioned reducing costs by two orders of magnitude, no company has yet achieved even a one-order reduction.The group discussed the potential for terrestrial nuclear power plants, noting that while there is growing demand due to AI data centers, there remains significant public resistance. Bob expressed concerns about the “delusional” enthusiasm for AI, particularly in journalism where AI-generated articles are often inaccurate and inappropriate. The conversation shifted to space industry developments, with Ajay discussing small modular reactors (SMRs) and Generation 4 reactors that could serve both propulsion and energy needs. The discussion concluded with Bob emphasizing the need for multiple space companies beyond SpaceX, highlighting the importance of competition and redundancy in the industry.As we were nearing the end of the discussion, we focused on the current state and future of ULA, with Bob noting that while ULA has significant contracts with Amazon and Boeing, its Vulcan rocket lacks reusability and may struggle to compete with emerging reusable rockets like Starship and Neutron. The team discussed the leadership changes at ULA, with an interim leader appointed but no permanent replacement named yet. The conversation concluded with a plug for Bob's book “Conscious Choice” which explores the origins of slavery in Virginia and its relevance to space exploration, with David and Phil confirming they had read the book and found it informative.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4491 Zoom Dr. Antonio Del Popolo | Friday 23 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr/. Antonio Del PopoloZoom: Dr. Popolo talks about hs new booik, “Extraterrestrial Life: We are not alone.”Broadcast 4492 Zoom Dr. Ajay Kothari | Sunday 25 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariZoom Dr. Kothari on “MUCH NEEDED CARGO TO MOON” Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show Presents Dan Adamo, Sunday, 1-18-26Quick SummaryOur program focused on a detailed discussion of lunar exploration architectures and orbital dynamics, led by Dan Adamo, a former NASA mission controller with extensive experience in orbital rendezvous. Dan explained why NASA's current Artemis program uses a nearly rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon, despite its instability and operational challenges, primarily due to constraints imposed by the Orion spacecraft's service module and the Space Launch System (SLS). He advocated for a lunar surface rendezvous architecture as a more sustainable and flexible approach for human lunar missions, emphasizing the importance of minimizing rendezvous and having infrastructure pre-positioned on the lunar surface. Dan also criticized the current Artemis timeline, expressing concerns about the program's risk tolerance and the marginal safety margins built into the mission design. The discussion highlighted the trade-offs between meeting political timelines, managing risks, and achieving a sustainable human presence on the Moon.Detailed SummaryDan Adamo discussed his views on NASA's Artemis program and lunar exploration strategies. He criticized the current plan for using a complex lunar orbit that may not be optimal for human missions. Dan suggested that NASA should consider using lunar surface rendezvous, where cargo and crew launches would meet on the moon's surface, rather than relying on in-space propellant depots. He emphasized the importance of having a robust and flexible architecture that can adapt to delays and other challenges in spaceflight. Dan also expressed concerns about the current schedule for lunar missions, suggesting that taking more time to develop a better architecture might be worth it if it leads to a more successful and sustainable program.Dan discussed his experience with orbital dynamics and rendezvous operations, highlighting his work with NASA's shuttle program and his advocacy for a lunar architecture inspired by the “land anywhere, leave anytime” mantra. He expressed optimism about private space stations, noting their increased payload capacity compared to the shuttle and the potential for more efficient operations. Dan also addressed challenges in launching and operating spacecraft, including environmental factors like solar flares, meteor showers, and collision avoidance, emphasizing the importance of careful planning and coordination.Our guest continued by explaining the challenges and benefits of different space launch architectures, expressing a preference for heavy-lift launches to lower Earth orbit for cargo missions before heading to the moon. He shared a detailed diagram of the Capstone mission's orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point, which is about 1.2 million kilometers away, or five times the Earth-Moon distance. Dan also described the Apollo missions' lunar orbit characteristics, noting that they operated at an altitude of 100 kilometers with a 2-hour orbit period, and highlighted the Apollo service module's capabilities for large plane changes and emergency returns.Dan went on to discuss the challenges of the Artemis program's lunar orbit, highlighting the one-week orbital period and the limitations of the Orion service module. He criticized the decision to reuse Space Shuttle parts and the concept of using Orion as a crew return vehicle from a Mars mission, noting the high risks and costs involved. Dan also explained the instability of the planned orbit and the need for frequent course corrections, contrasting it with the more stable lunar orbits of the Apollo missions. David questioned the reasoning behind these plans, suggesting that the pros may not outweigh the cons.Dan and David discussed the challenges of space exploration, particularly the political influences and financial constraints that affect mission planning. Dan explained that while engineers and mission planners strive to create sustainable programs, the lack of a clear business case for lunar and Mars exploration means that politics often drives funding decisions. They compared the Chinese space architecture to NASA's plans, noting that China's approach involves fewer launches and a simpler mission profile, though it still presents challenges with debris disposal and rendezvous. Dan emphasized the importance of careful planning and the need for reliable systems to avoid damaging valuable lunar infrastructure.Dan repeated that lunar surface rendezvous as a preferred architecture for human lunar missions, emphasizing its advantages over other approaches. He argued that this method minimizes rendezvous, reduces orbital debris, and allows for a “land-anywhere-leave-any-time” capability, which is crucial for sustainable lunar exploration. Dan also highlighted the challenges of current architectures, such as the Artemis program, and expressed concerns about the lack of exploration capability in the Chinese lunar mission. While he would be happy to share his expertise with decision-makers, Dan noted that any changes to the Artemis program would likely face delays and political challenges.The discussion went on to focus on the stability and operational considerations of lunar orbits, particularly the nearly rectilinear halo orbit chosen for the Gateway. Dan explained that while the orbit appears stable, it requires frequent propulsion corrections due to perturbations from various celestial bodies, including Jupiter, Saturn, and Mars, as well as solar winds. He suggested that a more stable alternative would be a distant retrograde orbit at approximately 10,000-12,000 kilometers from the moon with a one-day period. The conversation also touched on the Gateway's propulsion system, which will use xenon gas in Hall-effect thrusters, though Dan noted that the exact propellant type is still uncertain.Dan expressed excitement about Artemis II but noted that Orion cannot safely enter lunar orbit due to performance constraints. He discussed the mission's trajectory, explaining that it will fly by the moon's far side at a specific altitude for a free return to Earth, potentially not setting a new human altitude record. Dan also shared his thoughts on human lunar landers, expressing concerns about SpaceX's Starship design and suggesting Blue Moon as a potential alternative. He concluded by explaining the need for specific launch windows to mitigate heat shield issues on Orion's return trajectory.In summary, we focused on the Artemis program and its challenges, with Dan expressing concerns about taking unnecessary risks to meet the 2028 moon landing timeline. He emphasized the need for calculated risks and highlighted the marginal nature of the current architecture. The group discussed the program of record for Artemis III, including the timing of launches and rendezvous with the Starship lander. They also explored the potential for robots and AI to assist in lunar missions and the possibility of a space elevator to the moon. Dan shared his plans to develop a launch simulator to better understand and share launch trajectories, which raised questions about space traffic management.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4491 Zoom Dr. Antonio Del Popolo | Friday 23 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr/. Antonio Del PopoloZoom: Dr. Popolo talks about hs new booik, “Extraterrestrial Life: We are not alone.”Broadcast 4492 Zoom Dr. Ajay Kothari | Sunday 25 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariZoom Dr. Kothari on “MUCH NEEDED CARGO TO MOON” Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

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Whether you’re a seasoned team member or preparing for your first trip, short-term mission trips have the potential to make a meaningful global impact. In this conversation, we’ll highlight five key principles that help ensure our efforts contribute to lasting, sustainable change in the communities we serve.

The Space Show Presents Dr. Armen Papazian, Friday, 1-16-26NOTE: THERE WERE TECHNICAL VIDEO DIFFICULTIES WITH ARMEN'S SYSTEM NEAR THE END OF THE PROGRAM BUT THEY WERE RESOLVED.Quick SummaryThis Friday morning space show featured Armen Papazian, a financial economist discussing his research on cryptocurrency and its limitations for space development. Armen explained how the current monetary system, based on debt and calendar time, restricts space exploration funding and proposed a new concept of “public capitalization notes” to enable more effective space investment. The discussion explored how traditional banking systems and central banks are adapting to cryptocurrency technology while maintaining debt-based money systems, and how space property rights might be structured in a lunar or Martian context. The conversation addressed practical questions about funding space projects, with Armen emphasizing that current financial models are inadequate for supporting large-scale space development. The meeting included technical difficulties with Armen's connection but concluded with a productive discussion about monetary reform and space finance.Detailed SummaryDavid and Armen discussed Armen's 72-page paper and its potential adaptation to include space-related themes, given the current interest in cryptocurrency among tech enthusiasts and space industry figures. Note that his paper has been uploaded to The Space Show blog page for this program on this date. Armen explained that his paper explores whether cryptocurrency could transform monetary systems to enable space exploration, but concluded that current crypto systems are not viable due to their reliance on pseudorandomness rather than debt logic. The conversation ended with Armen agreeing to a longer discussion if the topic continued to interest Space Show participants.Pre-program discussion notes: Armen discussed the recent crypto market downturn, noting that Bitcoin lost 35% while others lost up to 62%, with Monero being the only top 30 cryptocurrency to gain value. He explained that Monero's success was due to its commitment to anonymous, untraceable payments, which appeals to dark money transactions. The group discussed the U.S. government's stance on cryptocurrencies, with Armen mentioning ongoing debates about central bank digital currencies and President Trump's crypto. John Jossy inquired about Monero's location, to which Armen responded that it is decentralized but has some presence in Singapore, South Africa, and Australia. The conversation ended with David announcing the start of the program and providing an update on blog comment issues, suggesting Substack as an alternative for posting comments.Dr. Armen Papazian discussed his research on the limitations of the current monetary system in funding space exploration, highlighting how the debt-based and Earth-centric nature of the financial framework hinders investments in off-planet projects. He explained that the entire money supply is linked to Earth's fixed movements, making it challenging to invest in leaving Earth's orbit. Armen also presented a recent study on cryptocurrencies, analyzing the top 30 as of September 2025, and concluded that while cryptocurrencies have improved money's technology, they have not yet offered a better logic than the debt-based system.David and Armen discussed the limitations of cryptocurrency in funding large-scale projects like space colonization, noting that crypto remains tied to terrestrial economic systems and calendar time. Armen explained his study on the top 30 cryptocurrencies, highlighting their diverse creation logics, including pre-minted supplies, stablecoins, and randomness-based issuance. He concluded that while cryptocurrencies offer a payments revolution, they lack true monetary evolution and are still largely controlled by developers rather than democratizing finance.The discussion focused on the challenges of financing space development, with Armen and John Hunt agreeing that the main issue is the lack of profitable products in space, similar to Starlink's success. Armen explained that the space economy is Earth-bound, with only a small fraction focused on human expansion into outer space, and highlighted the need for a new monetary framework that values space-based activities differently from Earth-bound ones. Marshall contributed by noting the difficulty of valuing space activities compared to traditional commodities, while David raised practical concerns about how to implement Armen's ideas in the current financial system.Phil discussed the concept of non-linear growth and debt, comparing it to personal and industrial contexts, and suggested adapting Earth-based growth experiences to space-based enterprises. Arman agreed with Phil's points, emphasizing that the logic of debt, rather than the amount, influences prioritization and policy actions, and highlighted how debt can undermine economies if not sustained by growth. David asked if there is a natural evolution of current systems or if intervention is necessary, to which Arman responded that humans typically change only when faced with significant pain, and he expressed concern about the need for transformative change. Arman also noted that the crypto phenomenon has led to the reinvention of the fiat architecture, with banks and central banks adopting blockchain technology while maintaining the logic of debt-based money.Marshall and Armen discussed the causes and solutions for inflation, focusing on the role of central banks and commercial banks in money creation. Armen explained that quantitative easing involves typing new digits into banks' accounts, but the actual source of inflation lies in banks' credit policies and loan decisions. He proposed a new monetary instrument called public capitalization notes, which would direct new money into productive capacity and technology creation rather than banking systems. They also touched on the impact of cryptocurrencies and stablecoins on traditional banking systems, with Armen suggesting that central banks may eventually need to reinvent the framework of money.Armen discussed the challenges of financing space exploration, arguing that current financial systems are too dependent on calendar time and risk, which limit investment in risky ventures like space travel. He proposed creating a new type of money that is not tied to calendar time or risk, but rather to the impact of space exploration. Armen also touched on the historical impact of the gold standard and the potential effects of returning to it, suggesting that it would limit economic growth and innovation. The discussion was cut short due to technical issues with Armen's connection.The group discussed the potential impact of a SpaceX IPO on space infrastructure development, with Armen explaining that while the capital raised could be significant, it would still be subject to regulatory requirements and profit expectations for new investors. David noted connectivity issues with Armen, who was experiencing technical difficulties. John Jossy raised a question about how central banks might be involved in financing space companies, particularly regarding property rights and resource value in the solar system.The group discussed the challenges of financing space exploration and property rights in outer space. Armen proposed a new model for financing space projects called public capitalization notes, which would be based on responsible space value creation rather than debt. This model would involve a public-private partnership to prioritize and allocate funding for space projects. The group also touched on the need for accountability in managing public capitalization notes. Armen emphasized that this new approach would help overcome the limitations of current debt-based monetary systems and enable more sustainable development in space.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4489 Zoom Robert (Bob) Zimmerman | Tuesday 20 Jan 2026 700PM PTGuests: Robert ZimmermanZoom Bob brings us news and perspective unique only to himBroadcast 4490 Hotel Mars with Doug Messier | Wednesday 21 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Douglas MessierDoug updates us on global launch informationBroadcast 4491 Zoom Dr. Antonio Del Popolo | Friday 23 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr/. Antonio Del PopoloZoom: Dr. Popolo talks about hs new booik, “Extraterrestrial Life: We are not alone.”Broadcast 4492 Zoom Dr. Ajay Kothari | Sunday 25 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariZoom Dr. Kothari on “MUCH NEEDED CARGO TO MOON” Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Luxembourg returned to Eurovision in 2024 after a 30-year hiatus. When they left the Contest, they were tied with Ireland and France in having won the most times at 5 wins apiece. We'll explore Luxembourg's incredible run and see how they've adapted to the modern era as we preview the third edition of the Luxembourg Song Contest. Bad Lucksembourg Summary Luxembourg Stats at Eurovision (1:20) Luxembourg Hosting Eurovision (4:55) Luxembourg Song Contest 2026 (17:02) Subscribe The EuroWhat? Podcast is available wherever you get your podcasts. Find your podcast app to subscribe here. Comments, questions, and episode topic suggestions are always welcome. You can shoot us an email or reach out on Bluesky @eurowhat.bsky.social. Join the EuroWhat AV Club! If you want even more EuroWhat? in your life, join the EuroWhat? AV Club on Patreon! You can join for free to get virtual high fives and a monthly newsletter featuring: previews of upcoming episodes, North America tour dates for Eurovision alumni National Selection dates Tidbits we can't get to on the main show We also have the EuroWhat? AV Club Podcast, a monthly bonus episode for paid members exploring Eurovision-adjacent TV, movies, books, and more. And if there is a season 2 of the American Song Contest... well... :::monkey's paw intensifies:::

In just three seasons, a small-town club from central Luxembourg have gone from third-tier obscurity to challenging for the top-flight title.   At the heart of their rise is president Carlos Teixeira, a construction entrepreneur who literally built the club's stadium himself before reluctantly taking over the reins.  On this episode, we tell Atert Bissen's story – before heading to the Netherlands, where an amateur club in the KNVB Beker are guaranteed to lift a trophy whether they win the competition or not.  To complete the Benelux trio we finish off in Belgium, where an angry father, a potential Iraqi investor and a revolving door of coaches have allegedly turned Olympic Charleroi into a hot mess.  Chapters00:00 – Intro00:45 – Atert Bissen's remarkable rise06:35 – Rapid risers across the globe08:40 – De Treffers & the Blue Pine Cone14:40 – Amateur rewards worldwide18:00 – Chaos at Olympic Charleroi22:20 – Special Sweeper announcement

Hotel Mars, Weds, Jan. 14, 2026Hotel Mars presents Dr. Devesh Nandal with John Batchelor and Dr. David Livingston discussing Dr. Nandal's research regarding the cosmological mysteries known as the “little red dots.” The discovery consists of compact, bright objects in the early universe that are not easily explained as galaxies or accreting black holes. The findings challenge the standard model of cosmology and may suggest the universe matured much earlier than previously thought by 21st-century scientists.Dr. Nandal and other scientists rely on the James Webb 2.0 with larger mirrors plus a successor to the Chandra X-ray telescope. As to be expected, substantial funding is needed for researchers to develop new mathematical models to fit this discovery. In addition, new data is constantly being added to the pool of research and more and more scientists are examining this little red dot mystery.Note: This summary is largely taken from the program summary used by John Batchelor for this program.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4489 Zoom Robert (Bob) Zimmerman | Tuesday 20 Jan 2026 700PM PTGuests: Robert ZimmermanZoom Bob brings us news and perspective unique only to himBroadcast 4490 Hotel Mars with Doug Messier | Wednesday 21 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Douglas MessierDoug updates us on global launch informationBroadcast 4491 Zoom Dr. Antonio Del Popolo | Friday 23 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr/. Antonio Del PopoloZoom: Dr. Popolo talks about hs new booik, “Extraterrestrial Life: We are not alone.”Broadcast 4492 Zoom Dr. Ajay Kothari | Sunday 25 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Ajay KothariZoom Dr. Kothari on “MUCH NEEDED CARGO TO MOON” Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Episode 273-Warning: Critical Gun Law Alert  Also Available OnSearchable Podcast Transcript Gun Lawyer — Episode Transcript Gun Lawyer — Episode 273 Transcript SUMMARY KEYWORDS New Jersey gun laws, accidental discharge, criminalization, reckless discharge, felony consequences, gun ownership rights, self-defense, insurance coverage, Second Amendment, gun safety, gun dealers, international disarmament, gun control, gun owner education, legal challenges. SPEAKERS Speaker 2, Evan Nappen, Teddy Nappen Evan Nappen 00:17 I’m Evan Nappen. Teddy Nappen 00:19 And I’m Teddy Nappen. Evan Nappen 00:20 And welcome to Gun Lawyer. Well, folks, the New Jersey legislature has done it again. They have passed some atrocious gun laws, and I need to make all of you aware of one, particularly, that is very much a threat. It is something that’s going to affect many, many gun owners, and it is not being talked about in the general media, of course, because of how they write these laws in such a sneaky, underhanded way. But this law is going to impact all of us, frankly. And the potential is there, under this law, to not only take away gun owners’ rights to have guns, but to turn us all into felons at any time, simply based on an accident. That’s right, an accident. Evan Nappen 01:31 Because what New Jersey legislature’s both houses have passed, and I expect, very shortly, the governor will sign, is Assembly Bill, 4976. (https://pub.njleg.gov/Bills/2024/A5000/4976_R2.PDF) And what this bill does is it criminalizes Accidental Discharges (ADs). Now, an accidental discharge is when your gun goes off, accidentally, either by what some folks call an uncommanded discharge or an accidental discharge. But it is something that can happen, and although we have to always be very careful, circumstances can be such that a mistake can be made. I mean, we’re all human, and mistakes can happen. And unfortunately, you know, I see it in the practice, and I get accidental discharge cases all the time where individuals make a mistake and a gun goes off unintended. It happens. Now sometimes it happens because of the actual mechanical flaws to a firearm and that can be because of a gun’s design. It can even be due to circumstances where a firearm can go off from the slightest touch. Evan Nappen 03:08 Now you may not be aware of this, but years and years ago, I know of a case where an individual had a shotgun that this fellow had kept loaded. One of those single shot, top-breaker type shotguns. You know, like the old kind of like the toppers, the H and R Toppers, and what have you, similar to that. It Page – 1 – of 11may even have been one. I don’t know. But it’s one of those old single shot shotguns. And for probably 50 years, that gun had remained loaded with a shell in it. At one point, there were folks that were causing all kinds of problems in this guy’s yard, and he wanted to scare them off. He didn’t want to shoot them, and he put the gun out of, pointed the gun out the window, and boom. It went off, and he never pulled the trigger. He absolutely never pulled the trigger. There was no hit to the primer of the shell when it went off. And what has happened was, in this particular design of the gun, the firing pin had been pushing against the primer because the hammer was down and it didn’t have a firing pin block. And for like 50 years, this gun sat there, sensitizing the primer so that the slightest touch, you know, just the right jolt, without having to actually pull the trigger, made it go off. So, a gun can actually even do that under those extraordinary circumstances. Evan Nappen 04:57 But normally, an accidental discharge or uncommanded discharge that we encounter is because somebody believed, honestly believed, their gun was unloaded. And it ends up, of course, that it wasn’t. Now this can happen because somebody thought they checked it and maybe even did check. But then, with a magazine in and the slide going forward, a round loads, but they didn’t realize that it loaded, because they checked that it was unloaded. And sure enough, there’s a round there. I mean, I’ve seen every combination of error that could happen and a discharge can occur. And, of course, we know the rules, always point in a safe direction, etc. Make sure your gun is unloaded. Double, triple check to make sure that the chamber is empty. That there’s no magazine, and there’s no live ammo. I mean, all those things that we do. But accidents can happen, just like in a motor vehicle. We drive as safe as we possibly can, but people still have accidents. And what New Jersey has done in this bill is essentially criminalize an accident so that individuals will be looking at what is, in all likelihood, felony level charges. And they structured this bill in just a sneaky, evil, devious way. It’s going to have great impact, and it’s going to create, I think, unintended consequences. Evan Nappen 06:40 Now, as gun owners, we have to understand how we have to behave if any of us ever are so unfortunate as to have an uncommanded or accidental discharge. So, the law talks about “recklessly” having a discharge. “Reckless” in criminal law means, you know, with a conscious disregard of a known risk, okay? Criminal laws can have recklessly or reckless as a standard, as opposed to something being intentional, right? So, if you intentionally meant to pull the trigger, that’s intentional. Reckless could still be you didn’t intend to do it. But if there was that conscious disregard of that known risk and it ended up discharged, then you could argue that it’s reckless. So, reckless is kind of a standard where it’s not that traditional mens rea, your mental and your mental state of having that intention to have the gun fire. Reckless has been in our criminal law for a long time, and reckless conduct is something that’s out there, like reckless driving. I’m sure that you have heard of that. Evan Nappen 08:05 But what they’re doing here is even more devious by using the word “reckless”. So, what now is being prohibited? And I’m going to read this to you so you can see how they’ve done this. It says, a person commits a disorderly person’s offense. Now that sounds like, okay. A disorderly persons offense in New Jersey is equivalent to a misdemeanor. It’s not a felony. So, you’re saying, well, first of all, this is not creating a felony. It’s creating a disorderly persons offense, right? It sounds like it’s, you know, Page – 2 – of 11apparently, trying to be reasonable. But trust me, folks, it isn’t. I’m going to show you why. “A person commits a disorderly persons offense by recklessly discharging a firearm.” Okay, so at this point they’re saying, well, it’s just a low level offense, and it’s for recklessly discharge. You know, we’ve conscientiously disregarded a known risk. Okay, so it started out sounding, you know, not great, but okay. It’s not. It shouldn’t affect a lot of folks, and luckily, if it does, it’s still a misdemeanor. And, of course, it requires that recklessness. So, that sounds all good. Evan Nappen 09:22 Let me start again and read you, but wait until you hear the rest of it. A person commits a disorderly persons offense by recklessly discharging a firearm “using live ammunition rounds”. Well, okay, that’s good to know. A blank gun isn’t a reckless discharge, but you know you’re firing a blank. No live ammo. Okay. So, if I’m firing dead ammo or ammo that’s not live, then that’s not a reckless discharge. Well, good. How do I get a discharge with ammo that’s not live? I don’t know how that’s even going to happen. But okay, they throw that in, probably more as subterfuge and, you know, smoke and mirrors. But again, here we go. “A person commits a disorderly persons offense by recklessly discharging a firearm using live ammunition rounds unlawfully . . .” Okay, unlawfully. So, you’re unlawful. “. . . or without a lawful purpose.” Whoops, wait a minute. “Without a lawful purpose.” You commit a disorderly persons offense by recklessly discharging a firearm without lawful purpose. Evan Nappen 10:35 Except that a second conviction for such an offense constitutes a crime of the fourth degree. Well, a crime is a felony, and that’s a fourth degree. It’s a year and a half in jail. And a third or subsequent conviction is a third degree and that’s five years in State Prison. Okay. So, you may even read this part and say, well, it’s still arguably, weirdly reckless, maybe. But it’s for discharging a firearm without lawful purpose, but at least it’s a disorderly persons offense. And I, boy, if we do it once, I sure wouldn’t think I’d do it again. So, why is this such a problem, you know. Evan Nappen 11:09 But oh, well, wait, wait, wait. We’re not done yet. Because then it says, if a person commits a violation under this section, you’re charged with a crime one degree higher than what ordinarily would be charged for such an offense when the violation occurs within 100 yards, 100 yards, folks. Not 100 feet. A football field’s worth of distance of an occupied structure. Oh, what’s an occupied structure? Any building, room, ship, vessel, car, vehicle, or airplane, or a place adopted for overnight accommodations of persons or for carrying on business therein. Wait a minute, wait a minute. Wait a minute! An occupied structure includes a car or vehicle, and it doesn’t even mean it has to be occupied. It means even a vehicle or a building or a room, and it has to be within 100 yards, a football field, of a car. If there’s a car driving by within 100 yards where the accidental discharge takes place. If you’re in your own home? I mean, this is basically every accidental discharge. You will probably be within 100 yards of a car or a building or a room, or hotel or whatever, or an airplane. Man, even if the airplane is flying over the sky, I don’t know. I mean, this is nuts. Evan Nappen 12:55 So, if the violation occurs within 100 yards of a “structure”, guess what? It’s no longer that disorderly persons offense. It’s bumped instantly to the fourth degree, felony level offense. Up to a year and a half Page – 3 – of 11in State Prison, and now you’re going to be a convicted felon. That’s if your gun discharged for not having, without a lawful purpose. Oh, you mean like an accident? Yeah! Like an accident. An accident because you didn’t have a lawful purpose. Did you lawfully have a purposeful accident? No, that’s silliness in a nutshell. So, what it means now is essentially any accidental discharge is a felony in New Jersey, and you can face State Prison time of at least a year and a half, unless it’s going to be enhanced even more based on these other factors. And as a felon, you lose your gun rights for the entire United States. Evan Nappen 14:12 And even if it’s kept at the misdemeanor, a so-called disorderly persons level, they’re still going to go after your gun license and your gun rights. They’ll claim, under Chapter 58-3 of the licensing law, that you’re somehow a danger to public health, safety, welfare. You think if you’re going to have a criminal charge, a criminal offense charged here of accidental discharge, where they’re classifying it as reckless because it went for a “an unlawful purpose”. Like I said, I don’t know how you have a lawful purpose accident. And it was somehow within 100 yards of any car or room, which made it originally a felony even, right? Felony level in New Jersey. You’re getting your license and your guns confiscated and taken and face prosecution over this insane law. Evan Nappen 15:17 Now, this is the consequences of this bill, right? But that’s just the consequences in the law itself, like the penalty you may face and licensing problems. But what it also means is that upon any accidental discharge, folks, any, you immediately, now, immediately, have a Fifth Amendment right against self- incrimination, and you’re going to have to stand by that. Because I know in many of the cases we’ve seen, someone had an accidental discharge, and it may have gone through their wall. It may have gone to a neighbor’s house. It may have not whatever. But if you react, if you call the police, if you try to find out what happened, any type, you’re getting criminally charged. You have a right to say nothing. You have an absolute right, a Fifth Amendment right to remain silent, because you will end up incriminating yourself. This is going to mean that any New Jersey gun owner who has an AD or an uncommanded accidental discharge needs to immediately take the Fifth and seek counsel, the Sixth Amendment. Just call your attorney and don’t say anything to anyone. Do not make any statements to law enforcement or anybody. And, you know, this is a shame. Because what if that round actually caused injury to somebody? Teddy Nappen 16:59 Actually take it a step further. Evan Nappen 17:01 Think about it. You’re gonna incriminate yourself. You gotta absolutely. Go ahead, Teddy. Teddy Nappen 17:07 Take it a step further. Imagine instead of “gun”, this was “car”. I asked. I was in. I got into a car accident. So, therefore, all car accidents are felonies, where there is nowhere. Were you back? Were you 100 feet from your driveway? Was there a car driving by? Did you back into that car? Felony! You are now a felon because of that. And don’t tell me it’s the firearm versus the car! Because the car is a Page – 4 – of 11two ton steel death machine that kills more people than firearms do. So, it’s that level of argument, the utter draconian insanity that they have created here. Where from an accident, an actual accident, God forbid. Evan Nappen 17:54 An accident. That is right. Teddy Nappen 17:56 You are guilty until proven innocent. Evan Nappen 17:59 And wait. Let me say this. This has been put out there as a possible problem for self-defenders. And that’s actually not completely accurate, because there’s an exemption here that says it’s an affirmative defense, if you fired your gun in self-defense. Okay. Affirmative defense means the burden is on you to prove that you acted in self-defense. Then they’ll say, okay, that wasn’t a reckless discharge. But even the fact that the legislature has to put in there that if you act in self-defense, it’s an affirmative defense. Well, wait a minute. Why is it an affirmative defense? Because it wouldn’t have been reckless if it was intentional. Why do we even need that? So, in other words, the legislature itself knows that they’ve manipulated this law to simply be discharge for unlawful purpose, period. If you didn’t have a lawful purpose when your gun went off, it’s felony level if it’s within 100 yards of a car, or a room, or a building. Insanity. Evan Nappen 19:05 And as you say, Teddy, it would be like making every car accident, any fender bender that you have, you become charged with a felony. New Jersey has done that to gun owners now. Any accident, any accidental discharge, you’re going to face these criminal charges. This is going to, you’re going to end up in the system. If you have an AD, you’re getting charged. And now we’re going to have to fight this out on an offense that is essentially strict liability. That is the way they’ve set it up. Couching it and hiding it under so-called reckless, recklessly. But when they actually write it, they put the recklessly with the little bonus of having “without a lawful purpose”. This is nuts. Nuts. Nuts. Evan Nappen 19:58 I’m telling you right now the cases we get, it’s going to be crazy, crazy and a problem. So, folks, be extra careful. This is bad news. It has passed both houses, and the Governor, I’m sure, will sign it very shortly, if he hasn’t signed it already. And now gun owners are at extreme risk under this law. Teddy Nappen 20:24 I just thought of another one, too. What if you’re a first time shooter and you go to a range course, you’re in a range, a gun range learning, and the gun accidentally goes off because you’re brand new to firearms? You’re now a convicted felon. No discretion. Evan Nappen 20:44 Oh, well. It was near a room. That’s right, no discretion, and anybody that has that AD. So, again, it’s designed to disenfranchise gun owners of Second Amendment rights. And by the way, you may not be Page – 5 – of 11able to then get even insurance coverage. Because if it’s criminalized over what you did, it’s not anymore. Now, you’re talking about behavior where they can claim it’s a criminal act. It’s a criminal act, okay? And again, you may depending on your policy, depending on what actually the injuries and damage, you may not even have coverage. The insurance companies will use it to deny you coverage. I’m sure of that. That’s their job, as it normally is, anyway. To try to figure out how to deny coverage. Well, they’ve just given them that ability on the civil side to further make it harder for you. It’s jeopardizing gun rights, and it’s looking at creating incarceration at felony level for gun owners. It’s outrageous, and it really is something that I’m sure we’re going to see major, major impact. And then that’s not the only fun. Go ahead, Teddy. Teddy Nappen 22:04 I was just curious on the constitutionality of it? Because they’ve made, there must be some avenue. Because it’s very, like they’re giving no discretion? And just saying. Evan Nappen 22:16 Nope. Teddy Nappen 22:16 It’s automatic. There’s no constitutional challenge. Evan Nappen 22:20 Well, I guess there could always be a constitutional challenge. But what’s going to happen is it’s going to have to be the fight. The real fight is going to be over, maybe an argument of, was there a conscious, conscientious disregard, or conscious disregard of a known risk. But the other side will argue that as soon as you have a gun with ammo, you have a known risk. I mean, a firearm, and that’s their entire anti-Second Amendment strategy. Teddy Nappen 22:43 When you deal with guns, you do so at your peril. Evan Nappen 22:53 Right! And that’s New Jersey case law, right there. So, they’re saying, hey, you do it at your peril. You took a known risk because you possessed a gun, even. You can well see a New Jersey jury buying that argument. This is nuts, and gun owners, beware, beware, beware, beware. And like I said, this isn’t the only shenanigan that occurred in Trenton. They also signed S1425. (https://pub.njleg.gov/Bills/2024/S1500/1425_R1.PDF) Now, this is actually law. This law, real quick, specifically applies just to dealers. Just to New Jersey dealers. How nice. They have their own very special law now. This law says, “A licensed dealer who sells or transfers a firearm to a person when the dealer knows or reasonably should know that person intends to sell, transfer, assign, or otherwise dispose of that firearm to a person who is disqualified from possessing a firearm under State or federal law is guilty of a crime of the second degree.” That means up to 10 years in State Prison. They have a minimum mandatory period of three and a half years, and they made it a second degree. This is insane. Page – 6 – of 11Evan Nappen 24:03 If you’re a dealer in New Jersey, they can claim that you reasonably should have known that a gun you transferred to somebody was going to be transferred to somebody who was disqualified from possessing. Let me give you an example. You sell a Red Rider BB gun. That’s a firearm under New Jersey law. And if you reasonably should have known that that person was going to let their kid have that BB gun, you’re looking at a second degree charge here, Dealers. Yeah for that BB gun. Because as long as the state can show you reasonably should know that, that the person intended to transfer it to someone who was disqualified, who would be arguably that minor, unless it’s under a strict exemption. I mean, this is the kind of pathways being cut here. How do you know or reasonably should know? What is that reasonably should have known nonsense? Evan Nappen 25:03 I mean, that’s again, 12 people on a jury are the ones who’s going to decide whether reasonably you should know. All the law says, “. . . ‘reasonably should know’ means that a person reasonably should know a fact when, under the circumstances, a person of reasonable prudence and competence would ascertain or know that fact.” Oh, that’s a that’s so crystal clear. Huh? Real, crystal clear. Now what it means is 12 people who aren’t smart enough to avoid jury duty are going to decide whether the dealer should have known on that gun sale. And if they decide otherwise, the dealer is looking at a minimum mandatory sentence on a second degree crime, which carries up to 10 years in State Prison. Okay? That’s what they’re doing. Focused on New Jersey dealers. Do you think they want to put every dealer in New Jersey out of business? I do. And that’s the other bonus law that’s actually signed into law. It’s ripe for abuse, folks. Beware. It is just atrocious what’s going on in New Jersey. Evan Nappen 26:07 Let me tell you about our fight. You know, we are in this fight. We constantly, we’ve tried to fight these things. New Jersey is an extremely tough environment. We’re going to see court challenges, even more court challenges, and it’s our state Association that’s going to be heading the fight. I’m sure we’re going to see a constitutional challenge to this so-called Accidental Discharge bill and the same over what they’re looking to do to dealers. And it’s ANJRPC, the Association of New Jersey Rifle & Pistol Clubs at the forefront, fighting for our rights. They’re the umbrella organization of gun clubs in New Jersey, and you can join as an individual member. You really need to. You’ll be sent email alerts, and you’ll be told what’s going on. And you know, we’re able to get changes made with pressure, but most importantly, our salvation seems to be in the judicial fight in the courts. The Association is there as we speak. This is an extremely tough environment in New Jersey, the toughest in America, where the oppression of Second Amendment rights is second to none. New Jersey wins the prize for Second Amendment oppression, and it’s the Association there at the forefront. You need to be a member. Go to anjrpc.org and join today. Be part of the solution. It’s really important that you do that. Evan Nappen 27:43 I’d also like to talk about our good friends at WeShoot. WeShoot is an indoor range in Lakewood, easily accessible, off the Parkway. It’s where Teddy and I both shoot, and we both qualified. It’s where we got our CCARE and where we get our training. We love WeShoot. That’s the place to shoot. It’s a place you can shoot. They have a wonderful facility, a great pro shop, and great instructors. You’ve got to check out their website, magnificent photography there. And they run all kinds of great deals and Page – 7 – of 11specials, and they have all the top state of the art equipment. Check out weshootusa.com. weshootusa.com. You’ll be glad you did. It is a great resource for us to have a range right there in Central New Jersey that is as professional and modern as WeShoot. Go to weshootusa.com and check them out. You will be thrilled, just like Teddy and I. Well, that’s where we shoot. It’s what we love. You’ll love it too. Evan Nappen 29:00 Let me also mention my book, New Jersey Gun Law. It’s the Bible of New Jersey gun law. I’m working on the update from what I just told you today. So, the free update will be coming out, including the 2026 Comprehensive Update. We’re going to look at and add in all the new laws that’ll be coming out shortly. So, if you have the book, make sure you scan the QR cover. The QR code on the cover. Join my free private subscriber base, and you’ll get notice of the updates that are forthcoming. You can buy the book at EvanNappen.com. That’s right, www.EvanNappen.com. Go to EvanNappen.com and get the big orange book today. You’ll be glad you did. It’s over 500 pages, 120 topics, all Question and Answer, designed to make it as user friendly as possible. I try to make it so you can navigate these treacherous waters of Second Amendment oppression in New Jersey. So, go to EvanNappen.com and get your book. Teddy, what do you have for us today in Press Checks? Teddy Nappen 30:15 Well, as you know, Press Checks are always free. While you’re talking about the utter insanity that is New Jersey, there’s one positive bit of news. It’s kind of been, you know, from the entire news cycle of everything they try to cover. There’s one thing that kind of slipped under the cracks that some people did pick up on. And it caught my eye. I was like, wait a second, I remember this. So, President Trump has withdrawn from the UN Register of Conventional Arms. (https://gunrights.org/united-states- withdraws-from-united-nations-register-of-conventional-arms/) That treaty. Now, I remember growing up as a kid, Dad, you told me, always keep an eye out if there are blue helmets walking down the street. Evan Nappen 31:01 Yeah, that’s right, that blue helmet day came, if that ever was to come. Yep. Teddy Nappen 31:08 And oh, I remember you telling me about that treaty. And you know that stupid, you know, the UN has always been an anti-gun organization, with that stupid, bent revolver they have. Evan Nappen 31:20 Yeah, the revolver with a barrel and a pretzel knot. (https://dam.media.un.org/archive/Gift-of- Luxembourg-to-the-United-Nations-2AM9LOQORWK.html) I mean, look at folks. It’s a revolver, by the way. It’s not an AK, you know. It’s not an AR. It’s not in an “assault firearm”. No, no. It’s a freaking revolver with a barrel in a pretzel knot there. Gee, who are the primary possessors of revolvers? I wonder. Is that paramilitary organizations? No. Terrorist, radicalized wackos? No. A revolver. Let me see. Oh, you mean, like average citizens? Wow, hmm. Interesting. Page – 8 – of 11Teddy Nappen 32:02 But what I remember that being back, you know, where this was a big fear. Where it was the giant arms treaty, where they were trying, I think it wasn’t ratified by Obama, but that was that insane policy to try, even. The UN even actually has an Office of Disarmament. (https://disarmament.unoda.org/en/our- work/conventional-arms/legal-instruments/arms-trade-treaty) That’s actually their whole like deal. What they try to push for. Now, they cloak it in like militarily. If you actually go to the website, this was from the gunrights.org. (https://gunrights.org/united-states-withdraws-from-united-nations-register-of- conventional-arms/) The National Association of Gun Rights put out the article, and they provide the link where you can go on to the UN website. You can see their register of their whole charter on the UN, and it goes into they brag about it. We’ve recorded and captured 90% of the global arms trade. By the way, this was supposed to be about, you know, tanks, armored carriers. You know, stuff used in actual, like, large scale warfare. But then I love how they do this. In 2016 they adopted the international small arms and light weapons in parallel with the other seven categories, so we can keep track of all small arms. Hmm, 2016. What were they doing to try, what was the big anti-gun push to try to disarm us around that time? Thinking that they’re going to try to go around collecting our arms in the United States. Like it’s so disgusting. I love how they just cloak it. You actually can go on to their reports. I got bored. So, I clicked the arms report of 2023 and I was like, okay, armored carriers, all that . Small arms. I wanted to look and see who were like the top buyers. So, revolvers and self-loading pistols – Iraq. Apparently. Evan Nappen 33:57 Really? Teddy Nappen 33:58 Yeah, like 2,150 pistols from us to Iraq. Evan Nappen 34:03 Oh, from the U.S.? Teddy Nappen 34:05 Yeah, from the U.S. It keeps track of each country. Evan Nappen 34:07 Well, we’re making them. Teddy Nappen 34:09 Yeah. Evan Nappen 34:09 Of course. We’re a major industrial manufacturer. What we should be doing is making guns. Teddy Nappen 34:14 Yeah. And then rifles and carbines. They separate that from “assault firearms”. Rifles and carbines. 20,000 to Israel. So, there you go for that end. Page – 9 – of 11Evan Nappen 34:27 Yeah, Israel makes a lot of their own weapons, too, and they make really good ones. Teddy Nappen 34:32 Yeah, I know they have the Hebrew hammer. Evan Nappen 34:35 Oh, yeah! Teddy Nappen 34:35 The Tabor X95. (https://iwi.us/firearms/tavor-x95/) But with the sub-machine guns, Saudi Arabia, 550. Evan Nappen 34:41 This doesn’t even matter. This is so absurd, and it’s just trying to globalize Second Amendment oppression. You know, our country’s blessed with Second Amendment. And of course, New Jersey does everything it can to undermine it, but the majority of America doesn’t do that. But internationally, we, you know, they hate us. They hate our Constitution, and they want to see us disarmed. We are standing as a threat to their globalist intentions, right? Teddy Nappen 35:21 I mean, that was the famous line that Donald Trump said to the world. The world does not belong to globalists. And that’s a fact. And here, in their charter, they even say, such measures, as they’re describing the whole disarmament office, such measures can also encourage restraint in the transfer and production of armament and decelerate military build up. In words of, okay, we need to lower the amount of guns in the world and try to disarm the people. That’s the cover they run, but they dress it up. I will give the Left credit. Their ability to wordsmith their way into something else is crazy. Evan Nappen 36:06 Well, listen, man. It’s not every political group that can convince people, you know, that a man can be a woman. So, why can’t they convince the world about this with guns? Right? Teddy Nappen 36:17 Well, it’s the political group that has the. When they did the whole study on mental health of different groups, the vast majority of people that vote Democrat have mental illness. So, let that sink in. That was an actual study, and that was put out by, like, CNN! So. Evan Nappen 36:18 Really? Teddy Nappen 36:19 Yeah, they had to be like. No, I love it. If you are ever bored? Anyone who’s very bored, go on to CNN and catch Harry Enton, the statistics guy. He’s the golden retriever of CNN. He just talks about numbers, and he gets so excited. He’s like, oh my God, have you seen these numbers? I can’t believe Page – 10 – of 11it. He’s always, like, shocked every time. He sees like, you know, everyone keeps saying Trump’s numbers are going bad, but you go over to here. Six months ago, 84, and now, it’s 85. Oh, wow, amazing. Like, it’s just, it’s that energy. It’s crazy. Evan Nappen 37:13 Well, how old is he? Maybe he’s just trying to get excitement to statistics? Teddy Nappen 37:18 I know, but it’s just like, what are the numbers? Pretty good. He’s like, gad Zooks. He’s like, clapping. I know. It’s just like, what the heck is it? Like if anyone is bored? Just look up Harry Enten on CNN. He’s, it’s so fucking weird. Evan Nappen 37:37 Okay, I love it. All right, Teddy. Well, that is interesting to know, but I’m not surprised, not surprised at all. This is the moment, the moment when we discuss the GOFU, that is the Gun Owner Fuck Up. It is one of the most important aspects of what we do, because every day we deal with Gun Owner Fuck Ups. And when we can let the listeners know, you get to learn expensive lessons for free. And this week’s GOFU is real simple. It’s Accidental Discharge. Let me just make it real clear. Now, more than ever, more than ever, you’ve got to be extremely overly conscientious. You better triple check chambers. You’ve got to make sure. You cannot afford in any way to have any kind of Accidental Discharge in New Jersey, because you risk it all. You risk it all. You risk becoming a felon. You risk going to prison. You risk losing your gun rights for the entire United States. You risk not being covered, arguably, by insurance. It is an insane risk that New Jersey is imposing, and I’ve seen 80 cases throughout my entire practice. Unfortunately, they happen, and, you know, in hindsight, they’re all avoidable. But folks don’t be a GOFU. Please, please, please. Follow all the rules of safety, and make sure you treat every gun as loaded. Every gun, you treat as loaded. Do not for a second, not do that. It’s just that critical. They’re criminalizing those who make a simple mistake, and there is no tolerance. Evan Nappen 40:00 This is Evan Nappen and Teddy Nappen reminding you that gun laws don’t protect honest citizens from criminals. They protect criminals from honest citizens. Speaker 2 40:13 Gun Lawyer is a CounterThink Media production. The music used in this broadcast was managed by Cosmo Music, New York, New York. Reach us by emailing Evan@gun.lawyer. The information and opinions in this broadcast do not constitute legal advice. Consult a licensed attorney in your state. Page – 11 – of 11 Downloadable PDF TranscriptGun Lawyer S5 E273_Transcript About The HostEvan Nappen, Esq.Known as “America's Gun Lawyer,” Evan Nappen is above all a tireless defender of justice. Author of eight bestselling books and countless articles on firearms, knives, and weapons history and the law, a certified Firearms Instructor, and avid weapons collector and historian with a vast collection that spans almost five decades — it's no wonder he's become the trusted, go-to expert for local, industry and national media outlets. Regularly called on by radio, television and online news media for his commentary and expertise on breaking news Evan has appeared countless shows including Fox News – Judge Jeanine, CNN – Lou Dobbs, Court TV, Real Talk on WOR, It's Your Call with Lyn Doyle, Tom Gresham's Gun Talk, and Cam & Company/NRA News. As a creative arts consultant, he also lends his weapons law and historical expertise to an elite, discerning cadre of movie and television producers and directors, and novelists. He also provides expert testimony and consultations for defense attorneys across America. Email Evan Your Comments and Questions  talkback@gun.lawyer Join Evan's InnerCircleHere's your chance to join an elite group of the Savviest gun and knife owners in America.  Membership is totally FREE and Strictly CONFIDENTIAL.  Just enter your email to start receiving insider news, tips, and other valuable membership benefits.   Email (required) *First Name *Select list(s) to subscribe toInnerCircle Membership Yes, I would like to receive emails from Gun Lawyer Podcast. (You can unsubscribe anytime)Constant Contact Use. Please leave this field blank.var ajaxurl = "https://gun.lawyer/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php";

The Space Show Presents A Special Open Lines Discussion, Sunday, 1-11-26Quick summaryThis program focused on discussing space industry developments and future predictions for 2026, with participants exploring topics like advancements in AI, robotics, and space technology. They debated the influence of private sector leaders like Elon Musk and Eric Schmidt on space policy and innovation, while also examining educational requirements needed to support future space endeavors. The group discussed the potential for breakthroughs in propulsion and energy solutions, as well as the search for extraterrestrial life, though they agreed current technologies would not yield significant results by 2026. The conversation concluded with reflections on how space advocacy might evolve over the next decade, particularly as costs decrease and more private sector involvement emerges.SummaryOur program got underway by discussing Dr. Phil Metzger's list of 20-21 important developments for the space industry in 2026, with John Jossy presenting key items. The discussion highlighted significant developments such as declining launch costs, reusable rocket technology, satellite broadband constellations, and AI-driven applications of satellite data. Negative impacts were also discussed, including supply chain volatility for semiconductors and potential delays in mega constellations due to AI demand and export rules. The Wisdom Team also touched on upcoming programs, including a special edition of the space show and a new Tuesday program featuring a CEO from a European company.We discussed Elon Musk's vision for medical robots and AI, with Marshall expressing both optimism and discomfort about the rapid pace of technological advancement. They explored Musk's plans for Starlink satellites, including in-space maintenance and potential cost savings, though settlement on Mars and the Moon was not extensively discussed. The conversation covered broader topics including AI's impact on labor, universal basic income, and the role of education in a changing world, with John Jossy noting that the discussion was part of Peter Diamandis' Moonshot podcast series.I believe that a valuable part of our overall discussion looked at the influence of innovative leaders in the space sector, with Manuel expressing concerns about the dominance of a few individuals, while David and John Jossy highlighted the need for ethical regulations and oversight. They debated the challenges of supervising innovative leaders like Elon Musk and David Sachs, with John Jossy emphasizing Sachs's role in advising the administration on AI regulations. Marshall agreed with David's point about the difficulty of overseeing geniuses, suggesting that market forces often limit harmful innovations. The part of the program concluded with a discussion on the future of space, including the role of private sectors and state actors, and the potential for partnerships between governments and the private sector.The Space Show Wisdom Team discussed future space exploration and technology developments over the next 10 years. Ryan predicted increased automation and robotics in orbital operations, while Marshall envisioned multiple lunar bases and the construction of space cities for manufacturing and AI development. David noted the absence of discussion on breakthrough propulsion technologies and emphasized the need for innovations that could benefit humanity on Earth. John Hunt mentioned Jared Isaacman's interest in nuclear propulsion for NASA, and Marshall suggested that nuclear fusion could be developed and used for space exploration, though primarily for pushing exploratory satellites.Future space technology and innovation was a topic, focusing on the potential of fusion energy, space solar power, and reduced costs for launching payloads to low Earth orbit (LEO). Marshall highlighted the significance of Starship Block 3, which is expected to significantly lower the cost per kilogram to LEO, enabling more projects and innovations. John Jossy mentioned ongoing developments in wireless power transmission and space-based solar power for AI data centers. David raised questions about the dependency of space innovation on government policies, suggesting a needed potential relationship between public sector support and private sector progress. The group agreed that 2026 could mark a significant breakthrough in space technology, driven by advancements in Starship and reduced launch costs.W also pointed to the potential political influence on emerging technologies, particularly in sectors like transportation and communications, with Ryan noting the significant financial interests at play. Marshall highlighted the challenges of adapting government agencies to innovations like robo-taxis and robo-airplanes, predicting major shifts in how air traffic control and state regulations function. John Jossy emphasized AI as the primary driver of current innovation, citing its impact on industries and venture capital investments, while Marshall and David agreed that AI development is closely linked to changes in energy production and societal education. David stressed the need for a strong educational foundation to support advancements in space and AI, expressing concern about the United States' declining educational performance compared to countries like China and Japan.The Wisdom Team discussed educational challenges in the United States, with John Jossy emphasizing the need to address root causes of poor educational outcomes at local and state levels. Manuel shared examples from Peru and Europe, including a public sector initiative for high-performing students and apprenticeship programs, while John Hunt noted increased STEM requirements in Missouri schools. The discussion highlighted the importance of educating competent individuals to meet future innovation and technology demands, with no clear consensus on specific solutions.The group discussed educational changes over time, with David and Marshall sharing their experiences with calculus and practical applications. They explored the possibility of using AI to improve education systems. The conversation then shifted to the search for extraterrestrial life, with John Jossy stating that current technologies are not advanced enough to detect extraterrestrial life in 2026. The group also discussed the recent announcement by Eric Schmidt of Relativity Space regarding funding for a replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope and three additional telescopes, with a projected cost of at least half a billion dollars. Finally, David posed a question about the future of space advocacy over the next 5-10 years, but the group did not reach a consensus on this topic.Also discussed were future trends in space advocacy and conferences, with Marshall suggesting that in 10 years, conferences might focus more on financing and promoting personal space projects rather than academic presentations. Dr. Zubrin's potential future involvement in space advocacy was mentioned, noting that at 74, he could continue his Mars advocacy work for another 20-25 years. The conversation ended with David announcing upcoming guests for the show, including Guy Schumann from Luxembourg, and a discussion about foreign spaceports, with Mark Whittington preparing a program about international spaceport developments.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4487 ZOOM Guy Schumann | Tuesday 13 Jan 2026 930AM PTBroadcast 4488 Zoom, DR. ARMEN PAPAZIAN | Friday 16 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Armen PapazianArmen presents his latest space economics paper which is posted on The Space Show blog for this program.Broadcast 4489 Zoom Dan Adamo | Sunday 18 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dan AdamoZoom: Dan discusses the special lunar orbit being used for the Artemis program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show Presents Guy Schumann, CEO of RSS-Hydro, Tuesday 1-13-26Quick summaryThis program focused on discussing Guy Schumann's transition from academia to founding RSS-Hydro, a company specializing in disaster response and monitoring services using space technology. The discussion covered RSS-Hydro's capabilities in fire and flood monitoring, their business model flexibility, and Guy's academic background in hydrology. The conversation concluded with discussions about the regulatory environment in Luxembourg, the company's future plans including potential AI integration and expansion into new markets, and the broader implications of space technology for disaster management and public awareness.Detailed summaryOur guest, Guy Schumann, discussed his company RSS-Hydro, which provides disaster response and monitoring services using space technology. He explained that while the company is known for flood monitoring, they also offer fire monitoring services due to the ease of detecting fires and heat from space. Guy emphasized that RSS-Hydro is not primarily focused on prevention, but rather on providing rapid insights and assistance during disasters. He also described the company's flexible business model, which allows for both subscription-based and on-demand services, particularly for governments and municipalities with limited budgets.Guy discussed his academic background, transitioning from a professorship at Bristol University to post-doctoral positions at Caltech, JPL, and UCLA, where he was hosted by JPL. He shared his experience working on research projects related to hydrology, focusing on floods, rainstorms, and drought systems. Guy explained how he moved into the private sector in the US, collaborating with companies like Remote Sensing Solutions and Tomorrow.I/O. He mentioned starting his own company, RSS-Hydro in Luxembourg, during the COVID-19 pandemic, while maintaining connections with US research projects through ImageCat. Guy acknowledged the challenges of transitioning from academia to entrepreneurship, noting his lack of business experience compared to his expertise in hydrology.Guy discussed his experience with California's severe drought during his 7-year residence there, highlighting the challenges of managing water resources in the face of climate variability. He explained that his company focuses on providing rapid response and first insights during disasters, using space-born data to offer affordable and comprehensive flood mapping and fire monitoring services globally.Guy explained that fires are easier to monitor from space compared to flooding, and described their data sources, which include public missions from NASA and ESA, as well as partnerships with private satellite operators. He mentioned owning an in-space computer with sensors and the ability to process data from other satellites. Guy also discussed their collaboration with tech companies like Nvidia, Google, and Microsoft to improve data visualization and forecasting tools. David inquired about the future of forecasting and preventing disasters, to which Guy responded that they are developing and refining forecasting models, aiming to commercialize them for easier interpretation of complex data. David concluded by asking about the regulatory environment for private space businesses in Luxembourg, to which Guy did not provide a direct answer.Guy was asked to discuss the business environment in Luxembourg, noting its regulatory challenges compared to the US but highlighting its favorable taxation and government support for space industry startups through accelerator programs. He mentioned that Luxembourg's space agency focuses on business and economic returns rather than research, making it easier for startups to enter the space industry. Guy also explained that Luxembourg has space-based solutions for monitoring soil moisture and predicting floods, with applications like Hydrosense that incorporate rainfall, soil parameters, and vegetation changes.Guy further explained that his company can monitor vegetation and soil moisture through satellite data, which is useful for hydrological applications and fire risk assessment. He noted that while they can measure vegetation indices and assess fire fuel availability, they haven't been specifically requested for this purpose by fire monitoring teams. Guy also mentioned they are currently developing a fire spreading mechanism for their applications. David then posed a hypothetical scenario involving Mayor Bass of L.A. and Governor Newsom seeking a comprehensive space-based solution to manage California's fire and drought risks, to which Guy responded that they could develop a multi-step plan incorporating vegetation monitoring, fire risk assessment, and predictive modeling, but would need to work closely with local experts to tailor the solution to specific needs. He also talked about the importance of key consortium building.Guy discussed the challenges of addressing large-scale infrastructure problems in cities, such as stormwater management, and proposed forming a consortium of companies to develop comprehensive solutions. He emphasized the importance of building partnerships with tech companies and leveraging expertise from various sectors. Guy also highlighted the difficulty of securing political support and budget allocation for such projects, noting that maintaining long-term commitment from city officials can be challenging.David and Guy discussed the current state and future of space technology, emphasizing that while the technology is advanced, there is a need to integrate it affordably and collaboratively. Guy highlighted the importance of democratizing space infrastructure and moving away from high-cost, limited-access models to make space data more accessible and useful for everyday insights. David raised concerns about public understanding of space capabilities, noting that many people, including policymakers, lack basic knowledge about space's role in disaster management and environmental monitoring. Guy agreed, explaining that satellites are crucial for weather forecasting and other Earth observations, and their data significantly improve predictive models. Both emphasized the need for better public awareness and political pressure to leverage space technology for broader societal benefits.Guy took us through the RSS-Hydro's current status and potential future as an AI-driven disaster response company. He explained they are not publicly traded but open to private investment, though they prioritize finding the right investors who align with their mission. Guy and David also discussed the role of AI in their operations, with Guy emphasizing its benefits but also the need for expertise when using AI tools. Marshall raised a question about the balance between real and artificial intelligence, which Guy addressed by highlighting both the potential of AI and the importance of human expertise in its application. David concluded by asking about RSS-Hydro's 5- and 10-year plans. Be sure to listen to it and do post comments on the response on our comment blog and systems.Guy discussed the company's growth trajectory, expressing confidence in doubling revenue annually and potentially exploring public offerings in 5-10 years. He emphasized the importance of maintaining the company's mission of rapid disaster response while expanding its impact. David explored the possibility of utilizing the company's assets for lunar imaging and settlement development, to which Guy responded positively, noting their experience with modeling floods on Mars. They also discussed the company's current focus on disaster response and its potential foray into insurance and proactive risk management. Guy highlighted their work with various clients, including cities and NGOs, and mentioned their participation in upcoming events like the Stormwater Show in Anaheim.This summary is available in full at www.thespaceshow.com and doctorspace.substack.com.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4488 Zoom, DR. ARMEN PAPAZIAN | Friday 16 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Armen PapazianArmen presents his latest space economics paper which is posted on The Space Show blog for this program.Broadcast 4489 Zoom Dan Adamo | Sunday 18 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dan AdamoZoom: Dan discusses the special lunar orbit being used for the Artemis program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show Presents Melodie Yashar, Friday, 1-9-26Quick summaryOur discussion started with a focus on Melodie's transition from architectural engineering to space architecture, particularly her work on 3D printing concepts for Mars habitats and her journey through various organizations including NASA and Icon. The discussion covered technical challenges and opportunities in space colonization, including the development of lunar and Martian habitats, autonomous systems, and robotic construction capabilities. The panel explored the broader implications of space exploration, including technological benefits for Earth industries and the importance of long-term projects in advancing space settlement goals.Detailed SummaryDavid and Melodie discussed Melodie's transition from architectural engineering to space architecture, focusing on her work with 3D printing concepts for Mars habitats. Melodie explained that her interest in space architecture was sparked by the unique challenges and opportunities it presents, particularly in creating sustainable and habitable environments on other planets. She highlighted the importance of collaboration with engineers and researchers to develop innovative solutions for space habitation. Our Wisdom Team also touched on the potential for future publications and exhibitions related to Melodie's ongoing research in space architecture.Melodie discussed the evolution of space architecture, highlighting how commercial development in low Earth orbit has increased interest in creating hospitality-focused spaces for tourists and citizen astronauts. She shared her journey into space architecture, including her involvement in a NASA Centennial Challenge for a 3D printed habitat on Mars and subsequent work with NASA and private aerospace companies. Melodie also described her role at NASA Ames, where she researched the relationship between astronauts and autonomous systems, and her transition to Icon, where she helped commercialize large-scale additive manufacturing for housing and lunar applications.Our guest discussed her background in spatial planning and environmental design, highlighting the challenges in developing 3D printed structures for space habitats. She explained that while there is research on spatial planning, many questions remain about additively manufactured structures, particularly for large-scale, pressurized habitats. Melodie also described a recent project for a Mars habitat concept, expected to be completed by 2075-2080, and emphasized the importance of developing technologies that can integrate with both hard shell structures and soft goods for both lunar and Martian missions.Melodie and David talked about the feasibility of space colonization, particularly focusing on Mars and the moon. Melodie expressed skepticism about Elon Musk's timeline for sending humans to Mars, citing numerous unknowns and challenges. She emphasized the importance of publishing and sharing information to ensure the project's continuity beyond the current team. Melodie also mentioned her research on robot-to-robot interaction for autonomous operations in space, highlighting the need for further development in this area.The Space Show Wisdom Team discussed the challenges and potential of 3D printing habitats on the Moon and Mars, focusing on material properties and testing protocols. Melodie highlighted the need for Mars sample return data to understand regolith properties, while Haym noted that lunar soil testing on Earth could streamline processes but would still face challenges like electrostatic charging on the Moon. The conversation touched on AI's role in anticipating anomalies in 3D printed structures and the importance of sending small-scale tests to the Moon before launching a habitat-scale program. Melodie suggested that the technologies are ready for deployment, but a timeline for lunar construction was not explicitly stated.Our guest talked about plans for lunar construction, predicting infrastructure development within the next 5-10 years, and emphasized the need for multiple redundant construction systems, including hard shell structures and additively manufactured components. She expressed skepticism about the viability of orbital hotels in the near term, noting that sustained human presence on the Moon would require significant infrastructure development and resource processing capabilities. Melodie acknowledged being in contact with commercial space station companies but highlighted the challenges of transferring technology from low Earth orbit to lunar surface operations, including the need for regolith processing and resource utilization.Melodie discussed her research on 3D printing with Martian regolith, explaining that while her previous work at Icon assumed no Earth-bound materials, she is now exploring binders and additives for Mars construction, including geopolymers and sulfur concrete. She clarified that her team did not use Martian soil simulants but instead relied on existing research from rover data to analyze regolith composition for a hypothetical 11-meter diameter habitat. When asked about other research using Martian simulants, Melodie confirmed their existence but noted that current simulants may not accurately represent all Martian regions of interest for settlement.The group discussed the challenges and opportunities in space exploration, particularly focusing on commercial versus government projects. Melodie highlighted the rapid development in the commercial sector and expressed optimism about future progress in in-space construction and lunar habitats. Haym Benaroya emphasized the value of contributing to a long-term project, even if specific concepts may not be realized during one's career. David posed a hypothetical question about using an unlimited budget to expedite work, with Melodie suggesting that increased funding could accelerate testing and development of large-scale additive manufacturing and pressurized habitats. The conversation concluded with a brief discussion about lava tube habitats, though no specific work on this topic by Melodie's team was mentioned.The lava tube topic continued with an examination of the feasibility of living in lava tubes for deep space radiation protection, noting that while this is viable, traditional construction methods and pressurization remain challenges. They explored the difficulties of deploying construction equipment in lava tubes and considered large-scale space elevators as potential solutions. David emphasized the significant gap between current reality and the vision of space settlement, while Haym Benaroya highlighted the additional complexity of biology in space. Melodie shared her research on robotic construction in space, discussing the shift from single-task robots to humanoid robotics, though she expressed skepticism about their effectiveness in space environments due to radiation and regolith challenges.David and Haym Benaroya discussed the current limitations of robotics in construction, particularly on the Moon and Mars. They highlighted that while robots can perform simple tasks in controlled environments like manufacturing plants, replicating complex human movements for construction is still far from being achieved. David referenced a recent 60 Minutes segment on Boston Dynamics' Atlas robot, which struggled with basic movements like a jumping jack, emphasizing the technological challenges ahead. Haym added that reliability and maintainability are crucial for space missions, noting that even advanced robots require constant maintenance and support systems. They concluded that while automation in space construction is a long-term goal, significant progress and adaptation of current technology are necessary before it becomes feasible.The panel discussed the value and feasibility of space exploration, with Melodie emphasizing that space technology benefits multiple industries on Earth, though the benefits may take decades to manifest. Haym Benaroya highlighted space as a positive mission attracting bright students and fostering economic growth through dual-use development. The group explored the potential for naming lunar or Martian structures after key figures, though Melodie noted differences in procurement mechanisms for space versus terrestrial architecture. John Jossy invited Melodie to speak at the National Space Society's ISDC conference in June, and the panel discussed the formation and goals of Melodie's company, Anara, which focuses on 3D printing and robotic construction in space. The program concluded with my continuing to wanting to see Yashar Towers and Benaroya Park on the Moon!Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 448t ZOOM Guy Schumann | Tuesday 13 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Guy SchumannOur guest is the CEO of RSS-Hydro in Luxembourg. The company helps assess and mitigate the risks of natural extremes, safeguarding both your communities and assets with resilience and security from space assets.Broadcast 4487: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 14 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4488 Zoom, DR. ARMEN PAPAZIAN | Friday 16 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Armen PapazianArmen presents his latest space economics paper which is posted on The Space Show blog for this program.Broadcast 4489 Zoom Dan Adamo | Sunday 18 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dan AdamoZoom: Dan discusses the special lunar orbit being used for the Artemis program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Anatoly Zak, Hotel Mars, Jan. 7 Weds:The summary below is provided by John Batchelor. You can see this program's video on John's Substack page.Dr. David M. Livingston, doctor of space himself, is here. He is my colleague and co-host and friend and copilot, as we're getting not only into time and space, but we're going back to 1972 to go forward to the moon.We welcome Anatoly Zak, who keeps the very helpful RussianSpaceWeb.com, a subscription site. I heartily recommend it for those of you who lived through the first moon rays during the Cold War of the 20th century.Now we're witnessing a new moon race, this time with a new player on the field: the Chinese space program.However, in 1972, America had won the moon race. In 1969, there were subsequent moon ventures by the Russians and the Americans. We're talking detente, and that would lead to a joint space mission in Earth orbit. But as of that point, the Russians and Roscosmos had ambition to get to the moon—and they still have ambition to get to the moon.And it's totally wonderful to travel to 1972, when I was a much younger fellow and didn't see or didn't know about all these developments in Russia. What was L3m?Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 448t ZOOM Guy Schumann | Tuesday 13 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Guy SchumannOur guest is the CEO of RSS-Hydro in Luxembourg. The company helps assess and mitigate the risks of natural extremes, safeguarding both your communities and assets with resilience and security from space assets.Broadcast 4487: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 14 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4488 Zoom, DR. ARMEN PAPAZIAN | Friday 16 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Armen PapazianArmen presents his latest space economics paper which is posted on The Space Show blog for this program.Broadcast 4489 Zoom Dan Adamo | Sunday 18 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dan AdamoZoom: Dan discusses the special lunar orbit being used for the Artemis program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

This spring, Major Insight takes you across the Atlantic for a special mini-series that follows our first-ever campus correspondent to Miami University's Dolibois European Center (MUDEC) in Luxembourg. In this bonus episode, Parker Green talks about her hopes and expectations as she prepares for this life-changing journey to study abroad. Get a first look at what it's like to live and learn in a new country, as we set the stage for this European adventure!      

Open Lines Discussion, Sunday, Jan. 4, 2026Quick SummaryOur program focused on space industry developments and future missions, including discussions about Artemis III, SpaceX's priorities, and various private sector lunar missions planned for 2026. The group explored space technology advancements, investment trends, and launch cost reduction possibilities, while also addressing challenges in pharmaceutical pricing and international space cooperation. The conversation concluded with updates on space missions and budget concerns for 2026, as well as discussions about UAP evidence and plans to expand the show's reach through streaming and social media promotion.Early on we discussed space solar power and its potential applications, including AI data centers in space. Bill mentioned his connection to Virtus Solus, a space-based solar power company, and shared their recent announcement of a 97% efficiency rate for their rectenna. The conversation then shifted to Artemis III, with David expressing concern about delays hindering progress towards 2028 goals. Joseph provided an update on Artemis III hardware development, noting that while the SLS is far along in integration, both the Blue lander and Starship are still in early stages. The group also discussed the challenges and requirements for Starship refueling tests, with Joe expressing doubt about meeting timelines due to multiple technical hurdles.Our Wisdom Team discussed the Artemis program's goal of returning Americans to the moon by 2028, as outlined in a recent executive order. They debated the feasibility of meeting this timeline, considering the technical limitations of SpaceX's launch frequency and the need for reliability improvements. The conversation touched on the potential for multiple launch platforms and the possibility of using Starship for refueling missions. David raised concerns about the need for a decision on whether to stick with the current program or make changes, while Bill and others expressed worries about the timeline and the pressure on NASA management to meet it. We also discussed the executive order's mention of establishing initial elements of a permanent lunar outpost by 2030 and the potential for using nuclear reactors on the moon.SpaceX's priorities were discussed by Doug noting that while Mars is SpaceX's top priority, lunar development is a secondary focus. Joseph highlighted that once Starship achieves reusability, it could significantly increase launch capacity to 20,000 tons annually, with a target launch for in-orbit refueling and docking by Q3 or Q4 2023. The discussion also covered multiple private sector lunar missions planned for 2026, including Blue Origin's Mark 1 lander carrying the Viper rover, and the potential for commercial satellite communications to provide cellular service in underserved regions.The Wisdom Team talked about satellite positioning systems, particularly in Japan, where 4 out of 7 satellites must be visible over Japan at any given moment for non-GPS positioning. They explored potential business opportunities in space, including semiconductor manufacturing, medical products, and solar panels, though Joe noted that space manufacturing capabilities are not yet advanced enough to support these ideas. John Jossy shared that venture capital is primarily flowing to low Earth orbit companies, with recent large rases by companies like Stoke Space ($510 million) and Impulse Space ($300 million), while lunar ventures receive less attention.Later we discussed the state of space technology and investment, with Joe noting that venture capital investment in space has increased significantly, leading to companies raising hundreds of millions of dollars. They debated the potential for launch cost reductions, with Joseph suggesting that a factor of three reduction could be possible, though not necessarily reaching the extremely low costs Elon Musk has proposed for Starship. The conversation touched on the separate tracks of government programs like Artemis and commercial space development, with Bill and Joseph agreeing that these developments are largely independent. David raised questions about the incentives for launch companies to significantly reduce costs, given the current profitability of launches, and the group discussed the potential for new low-cost launchers, including a Chinese Starship-like vehicle, though its market impact in the West remained uncertain.The team talked about the challenges faced by pharmaceutical companies due to pressure to lower drug prices, contrasting this with the lack of similar pressure on commercial launch services. They also talked about recent repairs to the ISS, where Russian cosmonauts successfully sealed leaks using a patented sealing agent. The conversation concluded with a discussion about international space cooperation, particularly highlighting India's growing space program and its potential for future partnerships with Western countries.In addition, we discussed several space industry developments, including SpaceX's potential Mars mission and the status of various space vehicles. John Jossy shared information about SpaceX's planned Mars mission, while the group expressed uncertainty about the future of Boeing's capsule and Dream Chaser. They also discussed the transition of Tory Bruno from ULA to Blue Origin, and the potential implications for ULA's future. Bill provided an update on the Starliner program, noting that the next flight would be cargo-only in April, with crewed missions not expected until late 2026 or early 2027.As we were nearing the end of the program, various space missions and budget concerns for 2026 were mentioned. They talked about a private Rocket Lab mission to Venus in collaboration with MIT, scheduled for summer 2026. Bill provided updates on U.S. Venus missions, noting that the Senate version of the budget would preserve both Venus missions, while the House version funds the Mars sample return. The group also discussed the status of the NASA SBIR program, which has not been reauthorized for 2026, though ongoing projects from prior awards can continue. David expressed frustration about the lack of credible evidence regarding UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) claims, questioning why the topic remains so mysterious and unsubstantiated.The group discussed the challenges and secrecy surrounding UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) evidence and the potential for public disclosure, with John Hunt suggesting that classified information might be harder to prove than assumed. David expressed skepticism about the truthfulness of statements and emphasized the need for tangible evidence to gain public trust. The conversation also touched on the popularity of UFO topics in media, with Joseph suggesting that increased discussion of UAPs could boost listener numbers. The conversation ended with plans to explore options for streaming Zoom programs on YouTube and promoting the show on social media to reach a broader audience.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 448t ZOOM Guy Schumann | Tuesday 13 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Guy SchumannOur guest is the CEO of RSS-Hydro in Luxembourg. The company helps assess and mitigate the risks of natural extremes, safeguarding both your communities and assets with resilience and security from space assets.Broadcast 4487: Hotel Mars TBD | Wednesday 14 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David LivingstonHotel Mars TBDBroadcast 4488 Zoom, DR. ARMEN PAPAZIAN | Friday 16 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Armen PapazianArmen presents his latest space economics paper which is posted on The Space Show blog for this program.Broadcast 4489 Zoom Dan Adamo | Sunday 18 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dan AdamoZoom: Dan discusses the special lunar orbit being used for the Artemis program Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Some said hitting the triple digit mark couldn't be done, but the Eurovangelists have talked ESC a HUNDRED times! We celebrate by doing our favorite thing: talking about Eurovision, and taking a look at the many national finals that await us in 2026. Jeremy's aged out of A-Teenagerhood, Dimitry's favorite is a little inappropriate, and Oscar makes a called shot for where his favorite will come from in 2026. All the upcoming national finals and where to watch them can be found at Eurovisionworld: https://eurovisionworld.com/eurovision/calendarDimitry's favorite moment can be found starting at 11:54 in this episode: https://maximumfun.org/episodes/eurovangelists/episode-45-montenegro-in-the-esc/This week's companion playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2VIL1ZTIqcb2ACD78FLcC0 The Eurovangelists are Jeremy Bent, Oscar Montoya and Dimitry Pompée.The theme was arranged and recorded by Cody McCorry and Faye Fadem, and the logo was designed by Tom Deja.Production support for this show was provided by the Maximum Fun network.The show is edited by Jeremy Bent with audio mixing help was courtesy of Shane O'Connell.Find Eurovangelists on social media as @eurovangelists on Instagram and @eurovangelists.com on Bluesky, or send us an email at eurovangelists@gmail.com. Head to https://maxfunstore.com/collections/eurovangelists for Eurovangelists merch. Also follow the Eurovangelists account on Spotify and check out our playlists of Eurovision hits, competitors in upcoming national finals, and companion playlists to every single episode, including this one!

Mike joins the podcast to cast his judgement over some of the Luxembourg Song Contest entries, Kyriakos takes us through the results of the ESC250 and some of the exciting artists competing in the Greek national final. Listen to Mike's full segment on Luxembourg and the boycotts on our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/aussievision

The Space Show Presents JATAN MEHTA, Friday, Jan. 2, 2026Quick Summary:Our conversation with our guest from India focused heavily on India's space program, including its current capabilities, future plans, and comparisons with other countries' space programs, particularly regarding lunar exploration and human spaceflight initiatives. The conversation ended with discussions about potential new content initiatives and program updates, including plans for future space coverage and the need for financial support to maintain operations.Detailed Summary:I welcomed Jatan to the meeting and also AJ who would act as co-host for today's one hour program. We began with casual conversation about travel and the history of Mumbai's name change from Bombay, which was explained as part of a nationwide effort to revert to indigenous names. Bill joined the call and mentioned not receiving Jatan's newsletter for a few weeks, which Jatan confirmed was being sent but might be ending up in spam folders. David introduced plans to discuss Jatan's newsletter and work, as well as questions about the Indian space program.Jatan Mehta, a space writer and journalist, discussed his work covering moon missions and India's space activities. He explained the origins and goals of his newsletter Moon Monday, which archives moon mission developments, and his Indian Space newsletter, which provides a holistic view of India's space activities. Jatan also mentioned his poetry on space exploration, which he recently published to celebrate milestones in his career.Jatan explained his focus on the Moon rather than Mars, citing existing extensive coverage of Mars and his goal to provide unique value through his independent writing. He discussed his passive approach to educational outreach, including speaking to students across various age groups in India about space exploration. Jatan also shared his experience writing poetry sporadically and expressed his inability to teach poetry due to lack of formal training. David, on behalf of John Jossy who was not with us today, inquired about India's space program, asking if Jatan believed it would be driven primarily by the private sector or government.Jatan explained that while the private sector in India's space industry is growing, ISRO will remain the dominant player for the foreseeable future, similar to NASA's role in the US space program. He noted that the 2023 National Space Policy emphasizes ISRO's role in cutting-edge R&D for space exploration, while private players focus on production. Regarding India's human spaceflight program, Jatan reported that while the original 2025 target was missed, the program is making progress with the LVM3 launch vehicle now human-rated, and three uncrewed tests are planned before human missions begin, with a target launch date of late 2027.The discussion focused on India's space program, particularly the Gagan Yan (Sky Craft) program for astronauts, where Jatan explained that the initial capsule will carry two Gaganyatris (sky-farers) for the first few missions, with plans to expand to three astronauts later. Jatan clarified that while Gagan Yan refers to spacecraft, the upcoming space station will be called The Bharatiya Antariksh Station(BAS). When asked about India's progress compared to China, Jatan acknowledged that China has surpassed both India and the US in recent moon missions, though India's program remains significant with plans for a space station by 2035.Jatan mentioned that India's space program, noting that while India and China were neck and neck in space capabilities in the 1990s and early 2000s, China has since surpassed both India and the US in certain areas due to a larger budget. He explained that India's space budget of approximately $1.5 billion USD over the past five years is less than a tenth of NASA's budget, limiting its ability to catch up in all areas. However, Jatan emphasized that India is prioritizing certain key areas, such as the Moon, with plans for a sample return mission in 2028. He also highlighted the importance of political support and policy excitement in driving progress in India's space program.India's space program aims to achieve several key milestones over the next 5-10 years, including the Chandrayaan 4 and 5 missions, collaboration with Japan for a lunar rover, and the development of a human spaceflight program with a space station module by the end of the decade. The country is also working on upgrading its LVM3 rocket to a semi-cryogenic engine and developing the Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) for heavy-lift capabilities by 2032-2034. Long-term goals include expanding India's regional NAVIC navigation constellation, conducting a Venus orbiter mission in 2028, and sending an Indian astronaut to the moon by 2040.The discussion focused on India's space program and its development of reusable rockets. Jatan explained that while India has received some technology assistance from Russia, it doesn't have the same level of partnership as China's with Russia. He noted that India's current rockets are not designed for reusability, but the upcoming NGLV rocket will have a reusable booster stage. The group discussed India's decision not to pursue a super-heavy lift rocket, instead opting to develop a heavy upper stage that can be launched multiple times and docked in orbit. Jatan emphasized that while reusable rockets would be beneficial, India's focus has been on addressing a backlog of existing missions and developing new launch capabilities.Jatan discussed his top lunar coverage stories from 2025, highlighting three key pieces: covering lunar sample science updates from China's Chang'e 5 and 6 missions, his year-end summary on Moon Monday that reviewed both successes and failures in lunar exploration, and an analysis piece on the current orbital capabilities of various countries, particularly focusing on the US's lack of modern lunar orbiters and the importance of understanding lunar water ice for future human missions.Jatan explained that Indian space mission budgets are allocated on a year-by-year basis, unlike NASA's multi-year planning, and described how infrastructure costs are incorporated into mission budgets differently between the two countries. He outlined his plans for 2026, including covering moon missions weekly, publishing additional space-related booklets, and tracking developments in India's Gaganyaan program and semi-cryogenic engine upgrade for LVM3. Jatan emphasized his commitment to keeping his space coverage and publications free to access through sponsorships and expressed excitement about upcoming missions including Chang'e 7 and Intuitive Machines' third lunar landing mission.This part of the program primarily focused on a discussion about potentially establishing a “Mars Tuesday” to complement “Moon Monday,” though Jatan noted this would be more feasible in the future, possibly during the Moon-to-Mars transition. Jatan shared his background in astrophysics and his shift to space communication, emphasizing his interest in bridging the gap between researchers and the public. David made announcements about upcoming programs, guest suggestions, and the need for donations to support the space show's operations, while also inviting major donors to join the advisory board. The conversation ended with plans for Ajay to share updates about his talks in India on the next Sunday's show.Special thanks to our sponsors: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4482: Zoom: Open Lines to kick of 2026 | Sunday 04 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZoom: Open Lines to start the New Year Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Special Open Lines as the last Space Show for 2025, 12-30-25Quick SummaryWe explored various rocket systems' capabilities and development status, including SpaceX's Starship, Blue Origin's New Glenn, and NASA's SLS, while discussing the Artemis missions and Gateway project funding. The program ended with discussions about space infrastructure development, sustainable technology implementation, and the future of space exploration, including private sector initiatives and the potential for dual-use technologies.Detailed SummaryI discussed my appearance on Tom Olson's radio show. We then discussed the phenomenon of SpaceX employees potentially leaving to start their own space businesses after the company's IPO, which John Jossy clarified as similar to the “PayPal mafia” concept. Doug expressed skepticism about Mike Griffin's plan to meet the 2028 moon timeline using existing architecture, noting that Starship's development is crucial for Artemis III's success. The conversation also touched on the U.S.'s withdrawal from the Gateway project as depicted by Tom, with ESA now taking full responsibility for its development. This was later challenged and clarified.We talked about the status of the Gateway project for the Artemis missions, clarifying that Congress has provided full funding for Gateway despite the President's budget proposal to end it. They debated the necessity of Gateway and the NRHO orbit, with concerns raised about astronaut safety and the potential to strand individuals on the moon. David shared insights from a recent show featuring Mike Griffin, noting lower-than-expected viewership despite high expectations, perhaps due to the holidays. Later we discussed the success of Blue Origin's New Glenn launch.Also discussed were the capabilities and development status of various rocket systems, including SpaceX's Starship, Blue Origin's New Glenn, and NASA's SLS. Doug explained that SpaceX's Starship version 2 is still in development and its payload capabilities are not yet proven, while Blue Origin recently announced plans to stretch their New Glenn rocket to increase its payload capacity. We touched on SpaceX's Mars cargo landing plans, with Doug noting that Elon Musk's target of 10-30 tons for initial cargo landings seems low to reduce the number of refills needed, potentially eliminating the need for propellant depots or tanker flights. Marshall raised questions about the orbital reentry and heat shield capabilities of the Starship, suggesting that SpaceX may not fully understand how to handle the heat shield requirements for both lunar and Martian landings until they attempt a test flight.Our Wisdom Team discussed SpaceX's progress with their Starship program, noting that while they have had successful ocean landings, a double catch test is an important benchmark for evaluating shield performance. John Jossy mentioned that Relativity Space, led by Eric Schmidt, plans to launch their Taren R rocket late next year with the goal of building data centers in space. The conversation ended with welcoming two new participants, Benjamin Ayala and Twain Knight, who expressed interest in learning about space and discussed their academic backgrounds in physics and aerospace engineering both were students but as you will hear, fizzled out as being guests on the program.The group discussed the need for NASA to develop a sustainable infrastructure plan for a permanent presence in space, with Gary Barnhard (he joined us via Zoom) emphasizing the importance of establishing clear driving requirements from a science, systems engineering, and architectural design standpoint. Gary shared an example from the International Space Station's development to illustrate the impact of controversial requirements, highlighting the need for careful consideration of system capabilities. The discussion concluded with Gary outlining plans for a collaborative design charrette leading up to IAC 2026, which aims to gather insights and explore potential synergies for improving space infrastructure, with a focus on leveraging international partnerships and developing interoperability specifications for power beaming and communication networks.Gary discussed a novel approach to micro and partial gravity adaptation, emphasizing the importance of implementing technology with real-world applications and tangible data. Doug inquired about the goal of a design charrette, which Gary explained is to articulate driving requirements rather than provide prescriptive architectural recommendations. They discussed the development of SpaceX's Starship and the potential for propellant depots, with Gary highlighting the need for sustainable infrastructure and the importance of understanding various propulsion solutions. The conversation touched on life support systems for space missions, with Gary emphasizing the need for systems with multiple degrees of failure tolerance and a buffer for self-stabilization.The discussion continued to focus on the future of space exploration and commercial space activities. Gary emphasized the importance of private sector initiatives and the need for companies to take responsibility and authority in driving progress. He noted that the cost of launching payloads to the moon has decreased significantly, with potential for further reductions. Marshall highlighted SpaceX's achievements in 2025, including the success of Falcon 9 and Starlink satellites, and predicted that SpaceX could become the leading force in space exploration by 2027. The group discussed the economic implications of these developments and the potential for dual-use technologies that benefit both space and terrestrial applications.We discussed challenges and progress in space exploration, with Marshall highlighting SpaceX's successful recovery of its first stage and Blue Origin's advancements with hydrogen-oxygen upper stages. David expressed concerns about the lack of substantial progress in human spaceflight and space settlement, comparing it to the slow development of nuclear power. John Hunt suggested that developing a continuously inhabited moon base could provide more experience for long-term space living before considering permanent settlement. We emphasized the potential for private enterprise to drive future space missions, citing its willingness to take risks and its ability to operate without government scrutiny. The conversation also touched on the psychological impacts of sending couples and families into space and comparing it to the spirit of early American settlers.Gary presented an overview of XISP Inc.'s mission development efforts, highlighting their work on space wear technology that combines electro muscular stimulation with kinetic fabrics for exercise in variable gravity environments. He explained that the technology, which can provide equivalent of a 4-hour workout in 20 minutes, is already available commercially and is being tested with a broad demographic group. David expressed interest in featuring Gary in a dedicated Space Show segment and discussed the potential for using similar technology with animals, particularly dogs, for space missions. The group agreed to schedule Gary's next appearance on the Space Show for February. or later, then program concluded its broadcast.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4482: Zoom: Open Lines to kick of 2026 | Sunday 04 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZoom: Open Lines to start the New Year Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode, Tamara Bond-Williams, Executive Director of Space and Satellite Professionals International (SSPI), speaks with Josef Nemec, Technical Director of GovSat, to discuss the importance of secure satellite communications for governmental and institutional users. GovSat, a public-private partnership between the Luxembourg government and SES, operates the GovSat-1 satellite, which provides secure, non-preemptible, and assured communications with features like X-band and military Ka-band capacity and anti-jamming technology. The conversation highlights how GovSat supports national security, operational assurance, and trusted connectivity across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The episode also explores the strategic role of Luxembourg as a secure satellite hub for Europe and NATO allies, the influence of interoperability and coalition operations on GovSat's service design, and the challenges of maritime law and international coordination in satellite communications. Josef shares insights on the evolving European defense communications ecosystem, opportunities for joint procurement and shared infrastructure, and GovSat's participation in shaping the future of allied secure connectivity.

In this episode of Web3 with Sam Kamani, I sit down with Kallol from Verified Network, a group at the forefront of tokenized financial products and real-world assets (RWAs).Kallol shares his journey from traditional entrepreneurship to building infrastructure that bridges traditional finance (TradFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi). We talk about the gaps in private banking access, the massive opportunity among the next 750 million investors, and how Verified is building rails for affordable, accessible, and liquid RWA investing.We also dig into how Verified handles compliance, custody, and global issuance across multiple regulated entities. Finally, Kallol reveals what's next in 2026, from fixed-income DeFi distribution to tokenizing mutual funds and expanding partnerships worldwide.

The Space Show Presents Tom Olson, Sunday, 12-28-25.Quick Summary:Our program focused on reviewing key space industry developments and trends in 2025, with Tom Olson leading a discussion on global launch statistics, commercial space progress, and future outlooks. The group examined SpaceX's dominance in launches, China's growing space capabilities, and the status of NASA's Artemis program, while also discussing emerging technologies like space-based data centers and AI computing. The conversation covered space debris concerns, the potential for nuclear power in space, and the future of human spaceflight, including the upcoming retirement of the ISS in 2030. The participants also touched on the commercialization of space resources, property rights discussions, and the increasing investment in space startups, with particular attention to Starlink's market expansion and its $80/month pricing in the US market.Detailed Summary:Tom and I discussed our plan for this year-end show, covering topics such as global launch, SpaceX Starship, and future policy ideas. Before moving on, I reminded listeners about the upcoming open line discussion on Tuesday, the last program of 2025 for The Space Show, with my making our Zoom program an open invitation program with the requirements of civility, no eating on camera, no name calling, no shouting and talking over people. Otherwise, even if you disagree with what is being said, be civil about it as you let us know your thoughts on the topic.Tom discussed upcoming events, including Starship's launch and a trip to India. He also shared details about his radio show and podcast, “The Unknown Quantity,” which focuses on the intersection of space and money. He highlighted the rapid growth of the space industry and his involvement in various events, including a pitch competition for young entrepreneurs and a panel discussion on lunar space economy. Tom expressed enthusiasm for these opportunities to engage with the space community and influence future developments.Our Wisdom Team brought up property rights in space, particularly regarding the moon, and the potential for helium-3 mining for quantum computing. Tom shared insights from a recent discussion with government officials about lunar economy development. The conversation touched on the Outer Space Treaty's limitations and the potential for private sector claims. Marshall raised questions about claim jumping and enforcement, while China's potential role in lunar development and the need for quick U.S. presence to establish dominance was highlighted. This part of our discussion concluded with a brief mention of 3D mapping technology's potential to resolve border disputes diplomatically.Tom reported that global launches in 2023 set a record with 328 launches, with the U.S. leading at 198 launches and only 4 failures, followed by China with 91 launches and 3 failures. He noted that SpaceX dominated U.S. launches with 150 flights, while Russia had 17 successful launches. Tom also discussed SpaceX's progress with Starship, including two successful test flights and plans for six Block 3 launches starting in late January, aiming to reach low Earth orbit and demonstrate refueling. As a group we briefly touched on Blue Origin's development of the Blue Moon lander and Rocket Lab's plans to launch from Wallops, with Thomas mentioning that SpaceX has received permission to launch from the Cape, potentially as early as late next year.Tom and David discussed the regulatory environment for space launches, noting that while intentions are good, legal challenges have slowed progress. They debated the future of NASA's Artemis program, with Tom suggesting that Artemis III will reach the moon before China but may be unsustainable at its current cost. The conversation also touched on commercial space activities, including Russia's recent launch facility accident and the status of the Starliner spacecraft after a long-duration mission.The group discussed the status of the Gateway project, which ESA and the EU have decided to build independently, taking it off NASA's hands. Tom said that European countries will continue to build components for Gateway, but now ESA will own and operate it. The discussion also touched on the increasing investment in space operations, with our guest mentioning that $3.5 billion in new money had been put into space operations by the end of Q3. Joe noted that Voyager, a space station company, has a European footprint through its partnership with Airbus. The conversation concluded with a brief discussion about space solar power, with Thomas expressing skepticism about its current feasibility due to challenges in power transmission.The group discussed several space-related topics, including a new startup using near-infrared light for energy transfer and the status of space solar power projects. Tom expressed skepticism about space solar power's feasibility, while also advocating for thorium reactors as a potential solution. The conversation touched on space debris concerns and the development of Starlink satellites. Tom shared insights on his company Avealto's plans to address the digital divide by building high-altitude platforms to provide affordable internet access in developing countries.The group discussed Starlink's pricing and availability, with David noting its $80/month offer in the US, while Tom mentioned plans for testing in Malaysia by year-end. Joe shared his experience with Starlink, paying $120 monthly for 200 Mbps download speed. The conversation then shifted to astronomy and space science updates, including the discovery of 6,000 extrasolar planets, new analyses of TRAPPIST-1E, and the first images from the Vera Rubin Observatory. Tom and John Jossy discussed upcoming developments in dark energy research and potential discoveries about dark matter. The conversation ended with a discussion about future trends in space exploration, with Tom predicting increased focus on AI and space-based data centers.The Wisdom Team discussed the feasibility and challenges of AI data centers in space, with Joe presenting an economic analysis suggesting it would cost three times as much as building data centers in Oregon. They explored the technical aspects, including latency concerns and the potential for clusters of satellites in sun-synchronous orbit. The conversation also touched on the future of the ISS, with concerns about maintaining research capabilities after 2030 and the potential for private sector involvement. Tom mentioned his organization, Center for Space Commerce, planning a Space Investment Summit in Turkey next year. John Jossy shared information about Rendezvous Robotics, a company working on space infrastructure, and their partnership with StarCloud for orbital data centers. David noted the absence of discussion on fusion energy, a topic he intended to address.The group discussed fusion energy, with Thomas expressing skepticism about its timeline and Jossy mentioning Microsoft's partnership with a fusion startup aiming for data centers by 2028. They also discussed nuclear power plants, including Microsoft's plans for Three Mile Island and the status of Diablo Canyon in California. Tom announced he would be running a business track and panel at the upcoming ISDC conference in McLean, Virginia. The conversation concluded with a discussion about the rapid development of AI processors and the need for new data center buildings in the coming years.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4480: Zoom Open Lines Discussion For All | Tuesday 30 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZoom: Open Lines. Come One Come AllBroadcast 4481: Zoom from India with JATAN MEHTA | Friday 02 Jan 2026 930AM PTGuests: Jatan MehtaZoom: Happy New Year from India with guest JATAN MEHTABroadcast 4482: Zoom: Open Lines to kick of 2026 | Sunday 04 Jan 2026 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZoom: Open Lines to start the New Year Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show Presents Special End of Year Messaging From Space Show Supporters To All, Friday, 12-16-25Quick Summary:Our program began with discussions exploring technical and political challenges related to NASA's Artemis program and the 2028 moon landing timeline, including concerns about safety, funding, and competing lunar missions. The conversation ended with discussions about autonomous systems in space, regulatory requirements for pilots, and the current state of the Space Show's funding and operations. Space Show participants included myself, Marshall Martin, John Jossy, John Hunt and later we were joined by Phil Swan.David began by promoting a recent segment highlighting past programs and encouraging donations to support the show during the final days of our 2025 campaign. Marshall shared his long-standing interest in space and support for the Space Show, recalling a childhood fascination with space and his daughter's involvement in a Loral tour. He talked about his compelling need to continue financially donating to The Space Show and urged other listeners to do the same given the importance of the program and its unique format. Marshall and David then discussed the political aspects of space exploration and the importance of understanding political issues to predict future developments. They talked about Jared Isaacman's presence at NASA headquarters and the need for quick decisions regarding the 2028 moon landing timeline. John Hunt expressed concerns about the readiness of the Starship lander for the 2028 mission and suggested that an alternative, human-rated lander would be needed. The Wisdom Team also discussed the potential impact of China's space program on U.S. efforts and the historical context of space race reactions.Team members discussed concerns about the Artemis program's timeline and safety, particularly focusing on Mike Griffin's warning about a 6.5-day wait period before a crew could return from the moon and the potential for crew strandings in crisis situations. They noted that while the 2028 deadline might be unrealistic, Elon Musk's company could potentially develop a competing lunar mission, though Marshall acknowledged this was currently only a 10% possibility. The discussion concluded with John Jossy suggesting that Artemis III might be delayed until a reliable and safe human landing system is developed, while Marshall emphasized that the lunar mission race includes both Artemis and China's space program, with funding and technical challenges remaining significant obstacles for both.The Wisdom Team discussed the challenges of a 2028 moon mission without the Gateway, with David highlighting that Starship would need orbital refueling, a lunar landing system, spacesuits, and an elevator like lander to reach the surface, none of which are currently ready. John Jossy added that Artemis 3 does not plan for a landing pad, and John Hunt suggested that Jared might need to inform the Chief of Staff about the timeline concerns, as President Trump probably wants the mission to happen during his presidency. The discussion concluded with Hunt noting that careerists might be hesitant to speak up due to job security concerns, while Trump might be more willing to take risks.Together we talked about the challenges and potential timelines for returning to the moon, considering both technical and policy aspects. Marshall suggested that Congress might continue to fund a lunar program even if it faces delays, while David proposed a hypothetical 2029 deadline to potentially allow more time for engineering and safety improvements. The discussion highlighted concerns about technological breakthroughs, funding, and the availability of top talent, with John Hunt emphasizing the need for better program management and funding levels to meet goals.The Wisdom Team discussed the challenges and timelines for NASA's Artemis program, particularly focusing on the 2028 deadline for returning to the moon and what it might mean to the administration if that goal is not met. Phil Swan explained his support for the Space Show, emphasizing its focus on scientific depth and honesty in space industry coverage. The panelists then debated whether NASA could meet the 2028 target, with Marshall expressing skepticism about the timeline, while Phil suggested it might be achievable with a more conservative approach using the SLS rocket. The discussion concluded with a hypothetical bet on whether the program would meet the 2028 deadline, with most panelists expressing doubt.Marshall then presented his paper (see it on our blog at www.thespaceshow.com for this program on this date) on defending Earth and space stations from interstellar objects using large mirrors to either melt or redirect the objects. Phil suggested using a solar power satellite with laser beaming instead, as it could provide better range and dual purpose functionality. Marshall agreed to allow John Jossy to post his paper on the blog for further critique and feedback, as he is still working on it and seeking input from informed individuals. Phil also introduced the Evidence Ledger, an open-source peer review process where concepts and claims are reviewed by experts in the field.We then talked about both flight and human spaceflight training and regulations, with Marshall sharing his experience of obtaining a pilot's license in 1973 and David recounting his university flight training back in 67-68. They explored changes to FAA medical certification requirements for pilots, noting that private pilots no longer need a Class 3 medical certificate if their aircraft has a stall speed below 65 knots. The conversation concluded with a discussion about regulatory requirements for human spaceflight crew members, particularly whether they would need pilot licenses for atmospheric portions of their missions. This was answered in emails after the show but the short answer is no but covered in other regulations.Our Wisdom Team discussed the challenges and readiness of autonomous systems in space versus automotive technology, with David comparing the current state of self-driving cars to potential space systems. Phil and Marshall shared insights about space shuttle launches and Apollo missions, emphasizing the role of human pilots and the importance of thorough testing and quality engineering. The conversation highlighted the balance between perfect systems and acceptable risk levels, with Marshall noting that humans can often handle unexpected situations better than computers. The discussion concluded with Marshall's observation about the shift in focus from Mars to the moon, suggesting that solving the moon mission might be a more immediate challenge.Nearing the end of the program, we discussed the challenges and similarities between missions to the Moon and Mars, with Phil arguing that the engineering difficulties are more similar than the distances suggest. David shared updates on the Space Show's funding status, noting they are currently at 35% of their annual target. David took the opportunity to again ask listeners to support The Space Show with donations prior to the end of the year. Previous donation instructions have been provided so they are not repeated here but if one requests assistance or has questions, they can reach out to David at drspace@thespaceshow.com.David and the team discussed betting on the likelihood of Artemis III with the Program of Record making it to the Moon and back within the 2028 timeline. We talked about betting on the Polymarket, the legality facing Americans as its against the law with David wondering how people get around and do it given he hears about it all the time on various podcasts. It was suggested that Polymarket users might be using a VPN to hide their location. David said he would do some research on it for the Tuesday, Dec. 30 program, mainly out of his curiosity. John Jossy inquired about posting Marshall's papers on space mirrors and space settlements on David's blog. (Note: There is now a regulated US version of the Polymarket but you have to apply to use it and their may be a waiting list. You can find out more with a Google or AI Search for legal ways for US citizens to engage in the Polymarket).The Team wished all a Happy New Year and encouraged listeners to support The Space Show during this year's campaign.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4478: Zoom: TOM OLSON | Sunday 28 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Thomas A. Olson Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Dean Karayanis — New York Sun columnist, host of the History Author Show, and former Rush Limbaugh staffer — brings the Yuletide cheer for Derek. A story in Politico alleging that the "How the far right stole Christmas" prompts a discussion of the birth of Jesus Christ being turned into a generic, secular holiday. Plus, what happened to the little girl who wrote letter that led to the most reprinted editorial in the English language, 1897's "Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus," in the New York Sun. The stories of "It's a Wonderful Life," "A Charlie Brown Christmas," and of Luxembourg's "American St. Nick" from a tradition begun by GI's in the middle of World War 2. Dean also notes that Christmas marked the 101st birthday of Rod Serling, who's enduring gift is The Twilight Zone's "Night of the Meek," starring Art Carney as a Skid Row Santa Claus.

The Space Show Presents Michael Listner, Sunday , 12-21-25Quick SummaryOur program focused on analyzing the newly released Trump Space Policy Executive Order and its implications for NASA's moon return mission by 2028, with discussions around commercial space initiatives, infrastructure challenges, and geopolitical considerations. The Wisdom Team explored NASA's current plans, leadership changes, and the evolving role of private investment in space exploration, while examining international reactions and regulatory challenges. The conversation concluded with discussions about space governance, technological advancements, and future policy directions, including the potential for reduced launch costs and the importance of spectrum management in space policy.SummaryThe Wisdom Team discussed the newly released Trump Space Policy Executive Order, which Michael noted pushes for commercial space initiatives rather than the expensive rocket version, aiming for a moon return by 2028. David expressed skepticism about meeting this timeline without radical program changes, and mentioned Dr. Mike Griffin's upcoming appearance to share his perspective. David and Michael discussed the newly released executive order on space policy, which aims to return humans to the moon by 2028. Michael explained that the order emphasizes a sustainable and cost-effective lunar presence, including greater commercial space involvement. He noted that while the order is significant, its reception and implementation may face challenges, particularly due to potential conflicts with previous legislation. David raised concerns about the feasibility of the 2028 timeline, citing skepticism about current infrastructure and project delays. Michael acknowledged these concerns but suggested that the administration's focus on achieving this goal before the end of the president's term could drive progress.We continued talking about NASA's plans to return to the moon, with Michael emphasizing that the Space Launch System (SLS) is currently the only viable option for achieving this goal within a reasonable timeframe, despite its limitations and high costs. The group discussed the potential influence of lobbying by contractors with stakes in SLS, as well as the geopolitical considerations of competing with China's lunar ambitions. John Jossy mentioned the recent executive order requiring NASA to review major space acquisition programs, potentially opening the door to cuts or cancellations, though Michael suggested that SLS would likely continue until at least Artemis 3 or 4 due to political realities and geopolitical interests.Our Wisdom Team discussed the implications of recent changes in NASA leadership and broader space policy, with Michael sharing insights about the challenges faced by former NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine and others. They explored the future of space exploration, with Michael predicting that private investment would become more important than government funding over the next 10-15 years, leading to the formation of large space-focused conglomerates. The discussion concluded with an analysis of international reactions to U.S. commercial space initiatives, noting that many countries, particularly Russia and the European Union, are resistant to the commercialization of space and have implemented restrictive regulations to limit private sector involvement.Next, we focused on the shift towards national sovereignty in space governance, highlighted by recent conferences on regulating lunar activities and space resources. Michael noted that while the U.S. participated in these conferences, it aimed to influence rule-making rather than comply fully. Marshall brought up Elon Musk's plans for AI data centers in space, including a potential IPO and a Pentagon proposal for a $4 billion AI center. Michael clarified that regulatory hurdles, rather than legal ones, would be the main challenge for such initiatives, while also cautioning about the potential for overhyped expectations similar to those seen with space resource laws. David inquired about efforts to extend environmental protection laws to space, to which Michael responded that while such attempts occur, they often lack specific legislative backing and have faced setbacks in recent court decisions.The Wisdom Team discussed tax incentives for space investment, with Michael noting that Florida had considered such measures and federal proposals existed previously. Marshall raised concerns about SpaceX's potential market dominance following its IPO, which Michael addressed by explaining that antitrust considerations would require government approval for monopolistic behavior, though he noted SpaceX's competition with other launch companies. Michael predicted that 2025 would be a transition year for space policy, moving commercial space to a higher priority, and anticipated continued steady progress in 2026, with over 100 launches expected from Cape Canaveral and Vandenberg that year. John Jossy mentioned the upcoming 60-day timeline for issuing guidance on American space nuclear power initiatives.Michael discussed the challenges of developing nuclear propulsion systems, citing the example of DARPA's project being abandoned. He explained that the new nuclear power directive from the administration aims to move initiatives forward, with multiple agencies involved in authorization processes. David raised concerns about Congress potentially being a stumbling block to space exploration efforts, given its current focus and past legislative conflicts. Michael noted the ongoing competition between NASA authorization acts and the CHIPS Act, suggesting that the White House might find a way to align these directives.Michael went on to explain that space settlement lacks regulatory infrastructure and requires a national space policy prioritizing it, which currently does not exist. He noted that the FAA's 2015 Commercial Space Launch Act was not fully implemented, particularly regarding space resources, and highlighted the need for Congress to provide clear authorization for such activities. Marshall raised a question about the relationship between SpaceX's Starlink revenue and NASA's budget, to which Michael responded that this shift aligns with Reagan's vision for commercial space, emphasizing private innovation surpassing government capabilities.Nearing the end of our program, we focused on the current state and future of national space policy, commercial space initiatives, and technological advancements. Michael noted that the Trump administration's first-term national space policy remains in effect. The Biden administration did not replace it. The Trump pro-commercial space stance continues to influence the industry. The team discussed the potential for reduced launch costs due to increased competition, with Rocket Lab's success highlighted as a significant player in the market. They also explored the implications of the Golden Dome initiative, emphasizing its potential geopolitical and defense implications, as well as the challenges it may face in the future. The conversation concluded with an examination of upcoming technologies, such as SpaceX's Starlink and its potential impact on global communication, and the importance of spectrum management in space policy.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4477 Zoom: To Be Determined | Friday 26 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZOOM: To Be DeterminedBroadcast 4478: Zoom: TOM OLSON | Sunday 28 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Thomas A. OlsonZoom: Tom returns for his annual year in review program. Always exciting and fun. Don't miss it. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Hotel Mars with John Batchelor for Thursday, Dec. 18, 2025 featuring from India, Dr. Sabayashi Pal.John Batchelor and I introduced The Hotel Mars audience to DR. SABAYASHI PAL regarding his discovery of giant radio galaxies and supermassive black holes. Dr. Pal reported that astronomers have discovered 53 giant radio galaxies, some 75 times larger than the Milky Way, powered by active supermassive black holes emitting radio jets. These ancient objects offer insights into galactic evolution, contrasting sharply with the Milky Way's smaller, dormant black hole in the center of our galaxy that allows life to exist safely.In Part Two of our Hotel Mars discussion with Dr. Pal, he said that with an unlimited budget, he would use it for investing in human intelligence over that of any AI. Dr. Pal prefers to prioritize human resource development over new telescopes, proposing a space study institute in Africa to train experts. He said that while AI is a useful tool, a quality science education is essential for humans to interpret data and appreciate the machinery rather than being replaced by it. Dr. Pal strongly believes that human intelligence is a far more valuable resource than artificial intelligence, even for the future.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4476 Zoom Dr. MIKE GRIFFIN | Tuesday 23 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. Michael D. GriffinZoom: Dr. Griffin discusses how best to promptly get to the Moon and more.Broadcast 4477 Zoom: To Be Determined | Friday 26 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonZOOM: To Be DeterminedBroadcast 4478: Zoom: TOM OLSON | Sunday 28 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Thomas A. OlsonZoom: Tom returns for his annual year in review program. Always exciting and fun. Don't miss it. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Nous sommes en 1420, à Bruxelles. Jean IV de Brabant, fils d'Antoine, duc de Brabant et de Limbourg, et de Jeanne de Luxembourg, comtesse de Saint-Pol et de Ligny, voit la confiance que lui portent ses sujets fondre comme neige au soleil. Que lui reproche-t-on ? Notamment ses prodigalités excessives. Qu'à cela ne tienne : Jean choisit l'exil. Il n'est pas seul, quelques représentants de la haute société, des patriciens, ont choisi de l'accompagner. Ensemble, ils mettent sur pied une coalition contre Bruxelles. C'est ainsi que Jean parvient à rassembler une troupe de 1500 cavaliers et chevauchent sur la ville. Aussitôt les métiers en armes réagissent et décident d'occuper la place du Marché et de se faire livrer les principaux "complices" du duc. S'ensuit alors, en 1421, une sorte de révolution démocratique avant l'heure où l'on assiste à une sorte de partage du pouvoir, les élites économiques cassant le monopole des patriciens… Retour sur une page décisive et très chahutée de l'histoire de notre démocratie… Sujets traités : 421, avant-goût ,démocratie , Bruxelles, Jean IV de Brabant, Jeanne de Luxembourg, Comtesse de Saint-Pol Invité : Roel Jacobs Sujets traités : Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Welcome to this special fundraising program featuring several long time Space Show listeners and supporters. Each one of them has a short message for you about why space is so important, why The Space Show is so important, and why they support and continue to support The Space Show. Each one also asks you, yes you the listener, to also join in and support space and The Space Show during The Space Show's annual fundraising 2025 drive. We want everyone to understand the importance of space to ur future and the role The Space Show has played and will continue playing in bringing this space future to reality.The Space Supporters wanting to give you their direct message for this 2025 campaign include Dr. Sherry Bell, John Jossy, Bill Gowan, Dr. Haym Benaroya, Peter Foreman, Bob Zimmerman, John Hunt and Dr. A.J. Kothari.The Space Show is a 501C3 nonprofit with the One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. If you are a US taxpayer, your gift may be tax deductible but please check with your own tax advisor on this matter. The easiest way to support The Space Show is to visit our home page, www.thespaceshow.com on the right side of the page. Look for the large PayPal button. You can use PayPal for your contribution and Zelle if you use a U.S. Bank. If you do use Zelle, our special email address is david@onegiantleapfoundation.org. If you want to make a check to us, please make it payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail it to the Las Vegas, NV address on the PayPal button. Should you have any questions, please feel free to email me at drspace@thespaceshow.com.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4476 Zoom Dr. MIKE GRIFFIN | Tuesday 23 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. Michael D. GriffinZoom: Dr. Griffin discusses how best to promptly get to the Moon and more.Broadcast 4477 Zoom: DR. ANTONIO DEL POPOLO | Friday 26 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr/. Antonio Del PopoloZOOM: Dr. Popolo from Italy will use slides in our discussion regarding his new book, “Extraterrestrial Life: We Are Not Alone.”Broadcast 4478: Zoom: TOM OLSON | Sunday 28 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Thomas A. OlsonZoom: Tom returns for his annual year in review program. Always exciting and fun. Don't miss it. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

What is a call? How does a person know if God is calling them to mission service? Join in a discussion as these and other questions are addressed.

The Space Show Presents Isaac Arthur, Sunday, 12-14-25Quick SummaryOur program began with a discussion about space exploration projects and the evolution of telecommunications, followed by a conversation about AI's impact on education and society. The Wisdom Team then explored various space-related topics including lunar missions, space habitats, and the importance of public-private partnerships in funding exploration efforts. The discussion concluded with Isaac, as president of the National Space Society, emphasizing the organization's mission and encouraging listener participation in space exploration initiatives.Detailed SummaryIsaac and I started the conversation talking about space exploration, with Isaac expressing caution about discussing specific details of NASA's Artemis program due to its frequent changes. David emphasized the need to balance discussion of Artemis with other space-related topics to avoid overwhelming our conversations as Artemis is a hot topic at this time. We began talking about space exploration projects, including Mars missions and space elevators, with Isaac expressing skepticism about fusion technology progress. I then introduced the program schedule, noting upcoming guest appearances and the annual fundraising campaign. Isaac, as the president of the National Space Society, started the space discussion which over time covered various space-related topics and the importance of listener end of the year support for The Space Show given we are 100% listener/participant financed.David and Isaac discussed the impact of AI on education and society. Isaac emphasized that AI should be viewed as a tool to augment human creativity and learning, rather than a replacement for critical thinking. He suggested that professors adapt their teaching methods to account for AI's presence, such as conducting in-person exams. David shared his experience using AI for medical information, which led to complaints from doctors. Isaac advised that while AI can be a useful diagnostic tool, it should not replace professional medical advice. Both agreed that critical thinking and understanding the limitations of AI are essential skills in the modern world.Isaac went on to discuss the current state and future of space exploration, emphasizing the significant progress made in the last decade and expressing optimism about returning to the moon, whether through Artemis or private sector initiatives. He noted that while commercial involvement in space has increased, NASA remains crucial for fundamental research and large-scale projects without a clear profit motive. Isaac also highlighted the importance of learning from past missions and the need for careful planning, suggesting that while Mars missions could be feasible in the near future, they should not be rushed.Our Wisdom Team along with Isaac discussed space exploration plans and competition with China. Isaac emphasized the importance of making detailed plans for space missions, including a permanent moon base with features like a nuclear reactor and the ability to rescue astronauts. He downplayed concerns about China's space program, noting that competition can drive progress. The discussion also covered the size and staffing requirements for a moon base, with Marshall and Isaac agreeing that it should be larger than the ISS and have a higher ratio of robots to humans due to communication delays. This part of the conversation concluded with Bill asking Isaac about his views on the future direction of NASA, given the potential confirmation of Isaacman as administrator.Isaac suggested that NASA should focus on the moon mission as its primary goal, requiring strong leadership and centralization to motivate and align companies involved. He emphasized the need for NASA to shift its focus towards commercial development and experimentation, potentially separating it from military space operations. John Hunt proposed that China's potential moon landing before the U.S. could actually benefit the U.S. space program by creating a sense of competition and urgency, though Isaac noted the risks of complacency and the importance of maintaining a strong commitment to space exploration.Isaac and David discussed the potential for public-private partnerships to fund lunar exploration and the challenges of predicting commercial opportunities in space. They explored various options for lunar and space-based activities, including manufacturing, resource utilization, and energy production. Isaac emphasized the importance of real-world testing and innovation in low gravity, while David raised concerns about the energy requirements for AI and data centers, suggesting that space-based data centers could offer regulatory advantages. Both agreed on the need for diverse energy sources and technological advancement to address global energy shortages.The Wisdom Team discussed energy solutions, with Dr. Kothari and Isaac agreeing that molten salt reactors using thorium could provide a safe and scalable solution for both civilization's energy needs and data center requirements. Isaac emphasized the importance of increasing energy generation capacity across multiple technologies rather than focusing on efficiency alone, while David raised concerns about the difficulty of getting broad support for these solutions from policymakers. The discussion concluded with Isaac noting that while government agencies like NASA struggle with public relations, private space companies have shown more success in marketing space initiatives to the public and policymakers.The team next discussed strategies for promoting space and nuclear initiatives to policymakers, with Isaac highlighting the importance of personal engagement and storytelling to generate enthusiasm. Dr. Kothari proposed collaboration between NSS and TSS to present a unified pitch for space and nuclear programs to key figures like J.D. Vance's Chief of Staff. Isaac shared insights on the economic and strategic benefits of space exploration, emphasizing the need for realistic messaging to avoid a space bubble. The conversation concluded with a discussion on the potential impact of SpaceX's IPO on the U.S. economy, with Isaac suggesting it could stabilize after an initial fluctuation.Isaac and Marshall discussed the economic potential of SpaceX's Starlink, with Marshall highlighting its rapid revenue growth and potential impact on global telecommunications. They explored the challenges and opportunities of space settlement, with Isaac emphasizing the importance of creating space habitats for long-term human presence, while acknowledging the need for gravity and the potential for new ecosystems in space. Before ending, David inquired about the feasibility of space settlement and the necessity of knowing the gravity RX for children, to which Isaac responded that while humans currently require gravity, future solutions like cybernetic organisms or genetic modifications could provide alternatives.Isaac discussed the feasibility of space habitats, noting that while O'Neill cylinders might not be built this century, smaller habitats like Calpana could be more realistic. He expressed skepticism about Musk's plan for a Mars city by mid-century, questioning the need for biological self-sustaining settlements and emphasizing the importance of medical intervention for gravity-related issues. Isaac also highlighted the potential challenges of raising children in space and suggested that space habitats would likely start with small, specialized populations rather than large, self-sustaining cities.Isaac and Dr. Ajay discussed the feasibility of building a smaller lunar lander within 3-5 years, with Isaac expressing skepticism about meeting such a tight timeline due to the complexity and risks involved in space missions. They also debated the merits of building a lunar lander versus a space station, with Isaac advocating for a more robust approach that includes both options. David raised concerns about potential regulatory and economic challenges that could hinder space exploration efforts in the coming years.Isaac discussed the importance of space regulations, emphasizing the need to balance economic development with safety and environmental concerns. He highlighted potential issues with space advertising and the need for international cooperation in regulating space activities. The conversation also touched on nuclear waste management, with Isaac suggesting recycling radioactive materials and disposing of them in deep oceanic trenches as safer alternatives to space disposal.Isaac, the president of the National Space Society, discussed the organization's mission and encouraged listeners to join, emphasizing its inclusive nature and the opportunity to contribute to space exploration efforts. He reflected on the journey of space exploration, highlighting the importance of enjoying the process rather than solely focusing on destinations. Isaac also mentioned upcoming events, including the ISDC conference in McLean, Virginia, and discussed plans for future roadmaps and white papers on space-related topics.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025 No program today | Tuesday 16 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonTuesday, Dec. 16: No Program today. We are still in our campaign for 2026 funding. Please support us. See PayPal to the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4474: Hotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal | Thursday 18 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Dr. Sabyasachi PalHotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal re Giant Radio Quasars and his 53 black hole research papeFriday, Dec. 19, 2025 No program today. Please support The Space Show/. See the PayPal button on the right side of our home page. | Friday 19 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program today due to medical. Support The Space Show by using our PayPal button on the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4475 ZOOM Michael Listner, Atty. | Sunday 21 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Michael ListnerZOOM: Michael Listner, space atty breaks down legal, policy and more for 2025 space Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Space lasers again! Odysseus Space from Luxembourg focuses on providing optical communications solutions between Space and Earth as a service. If you seem to notice that is not the first episode on optical communications, you're right – I think this will be a potentially very big theme going forward. Our guest this week is Odysseus' CEO & Co-Founder Jordan Vannitsen. Enjoy!

StefanFeuersteinis a leadership expert recognized by Oprah Winfrey as part of her inaugural SuperSoul 100 list of “awakened leaders” using their voices to elevate humanity. With over two decades of high-stakes leadership experience in humanitarian and private-sector roles, he has led teams of hundreds to over 4,000 across Honduras, Peru, and the United States. He served as legal guardian to more than 1,000 orphaned and abandoned children with Nuestros Pequeños Hermanos and later oversaw the care of over 51,000 unaccompanied migrant children as Operations Chief of the largest shelter of its kind in history. Born in Washington, D.C., raised in Luxembourg, and educated in England and Germany,Stefanholds degrees from the University of Warwick and University College London and has spent 15+ years working throughout Latin America. His A-B-C Delegation method gives leaders a practical framework for knowing when they need to be asked, informed, or completely hands-off—empowering teams, eliminating bottlenecks, and redefining how leadership scales.

The Space Show Presents BRYCE MEYER, Tuesday, Dec. 9, 2025Quick SummaryWe initially focused on our Space Show program featuring Bryce Meyer discussing his upcoming book on space agriculture, which explores technologies and principles for growing food in space environments. The discussion covered various challenges of space farming, including plant adaptation, soil biomes, and the need for further research on growing crops to maturity in microgravity conditions. The conversation concluded with an examination of agricultural techniques for space colonization, including the use of bioreactors, mushrooms, and various animals for food production, while emphasizing the importance of certifying existing technology and addressing biological questions related to plants in different gravity regimes.Detailed SummaryDavid hosted a Space Show program featuring Bryce Meyer, who discussed his new book “Designing Farms in Space” scheduled for release on January 2nd by Springer Publishing. The book aims to provide a comprehensive guide on technologies and principles for space agriculture, covering topics from biochemistry to farm system calculations. David announced upcoming programs for the month, including guests Manuel Cuba, Isaac Arthur, and Michael Lissner, and reminded listeners of their annual fundraising campaign. Former NASA Administrator Dr. Mike Griffin with be with us Tuesday evening, Dec. 23.Bryce and David discussed the challenges and unknowns of growing plants in space, emphasizing the need to adapt Earth technologies while accounting for microgravity, different gravitational forces, and radiation. Bryce highlighted the lack of data on growing crops to maturity in space and the need for experiments to understand plant responses in these environments. They also touched on the potential impact of the space environment on plants, including chemical emissions from the structure and unknown factors like the moon's magnetic field. David humorously asked about plant consciousness, but Bryce focused on the practical challenges and the importance of further research.Marshall and Bryce discussed the adaptability of plants and the importance of a living soil biome for crop productivity. Bryce explained that while plants are highly adaptive, certain crop strains are specifically optimized for certain conditions. They explored the concept of transforming simulated lunar soil into a living soil biome, with Bryce mentioning research by Adam Williams on using red worms and manure to achieve this. Bryce also described the spectrum of growing methods from aeroponics to soil-based systems, highlighting the benefits of a full soil biome for plant resilience and nutrient availability.Bryce discussed the development of space farming and agriculture, noting that while significant progress has been made, such as China's 360-day closed-loop system with a crew of eight, there are still challenges. He suggested that dietary diversity and the inclusion of animals in the system could improve outcomes, as monotony and inadequate nutrition could lead to weight loss and decreased productivity. John Jossy and David explored the possibility of cultured meat in space, with Bryce warning about the risks of contamination in bioreactors, while suggesting tofu and other resilient crops as viable alternatives.Bryce continued discussing various animals and plants suitable for space agriculture, including chickens, goats, mealworms, and plants for pharmaceuticals. He explained the challenges of shipping animals, particularly mammals, due to their sensitivity during long space journeys. Bryce also highlighted the existing market for vertical farming technologies, which could be adapted for space agriculture, and mentioned the need to test these technologies in different gravity conditions.Our guest talked with us about the evolutionary model for Space Farms and emphasized the importance of adapting agricultural solutions to different settlement types. He noted that while China is ahead in some areas, the U.S. has made significant advancements in bioreactor technology. Bryce outlined a sequence for growing food on Mars, starting with salad greens, followed by high-value crops like peanuts and soybeans, and eventually tree crops like citrus. He also suggested growing strawberries and melons, as well as using aquaponics to cultivate shrimp for protein. The Wisdom Team discussed the potential of using crickets for protein, but Bryce suggested focusing on shrimp instead due to the “ick factor” that could deter settlers.The group discussed the challenges of growing food for children in space, focusing on nutritional needs and the impact of gravity on plant growth. Bryce explained that children require a more diverse amino acid profile and different fat content than adults, suggesting the need for animal or yeast-developed crops. They also touched on the importance of controlling environmental factors like light and CO2 levels for optimal plant growth. The conversation concluded with a discussion on the potential use of LED lights and the need for different growing strategies depending on the location, such as using lava tubes on the Moon or natural sunlight on Mars.Bryce mentioned different agricultural regimes for rotating habitats and the importance of energy calculations in determining the type of lighting used. He explained the processing steps needed to convert raw crops into edible foods, including the use of storage tanks and various storage mechanisms like vacuum packing. Our guest highlighted the role of spices in space agriculture and the challenges of growing certain spices like cinnamon. David inquired about the viability of Mars One's agricultural plan, and Bryce suggested that AI and augmented reality could be used to assist with maintenance and troubleshooting in space habitats without the need for excessive volunteers and labor.The Mars One topic led to a discussion about the labor requirements for farming, noting that while some tasks could be robotically assisted, people would likely be eager to participate in gardening activities. He shared personal anecdotes about his grandmother's farm management and suggested that future farms would need designated farm bosses to oversee operations. Marshall inquired about the maximum population density for efficient space farming, to which Bryce responded that current Earth-based farming supports 8 people per acre, while vertical farming could potentially accommodate 20 people per hectare. The conversation concluded with a discussion about the benefits of mushrooms in farming, particularly their ability to break down lignin in plant waste and their role in managing CO2 and oxygen cycles in closed-loop systems.Bryce continued by talking about agricultural techniques for space colonization, including the use of bioreactors, mushrooms, and various animals for food production. He explained the progression of animal farming in space, starting with birds and rabbits before moving to larger mammals like cows. Bryce also covered the potential use of genetically modified bacteria and lab-grown meat as backup food sources. The discussion touched on the practicality of these methods in space habitats like O'Neill colonies and long-duration space vehicles, considering factors such as radiation, contamination risks, and the efficiency of current agricultural technologies compared to those in the 1970s and 1980s.The challenges and benefits of rotating habitats for plant growth in space, emphasizing that they might be better than growing in lower gravity environments was one of our later topics. Phil inquired about the feasibility of a large-scale, long-duration experiment like Biosphere 2, to which Bryce responded that similar experiments have already been conducted by China and that a larger, more diverse structure like Biosphere 2 would be beneficial. The team touched on the potential ethical concerns surrounding the manipulation of life in space, including animal rights and dietary restrictions based on religious beliefs. Bryce suggested that vegetarian or vegan diets might be more feasible in the early stages of space settlement, as it could take several years to establish a self-sustaining food supply on Mars.Bryce concluded by talking about the need for further studies on space agriculture, emphasizing the importance of certifying existing technology in space and addressing biological questions related to plants in different gravity regimes. He highlighted the potential for large-scale plant testing in rotating settlements or on the moon within the next five to six years, as China is already planning to send plants to the moon. Bryce expressed hope that SpaceX and other experts would collaborate on these efforts, noting that the technology needed is already available. The discussion concluded with a reflection on ethical considerations in food production and consumption.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025 No program today | Tuesday 16 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonTuesday, Dec. 16: No Program today. We are still in our campaign for 2026 funding. Please support us. See PayPal to the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4474: Hotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal | Thursday 18 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Dr. Sabyasachi PalHotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal re Giant Radio Quasars and his 53 black hole research papeFriday, Dec. 19, 2025 No program today. Please support The Space Show/. See the PayPal button on the right side of our home page. | Friday 19 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program today due to medical. Support The Space Show by using our PayPal button on the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4475 ZOOM Michael Listner, Atty. | Sunday 21 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Michael ListnerZOOM: Michael Listner, space atty breaks down legal, policy and more for 2025 space Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show presents Manuel Cuba of Helix Space Luxembourg, Friday, 12-12-25.Quick SummaryOur program focused on Helix Space's operations in Luxembourg and their role in the European space sector, including discussions about funding, defense services, and commercial space activities. Manuel explained how Helix Space helps European companies access funding and develop innovation programs, while also addressing European space initiatives and launch capabilities. The conversation concluded with discussions about space medicine research, European space capabilities and challenges, and potential collaboration opportunities between American and European space companies.Detail SummaryOur guest shared that Helix Space, based in Luxembourg, has been operating for five years, noting that the COVID period was relatively mild in Luxembourg compared to other regions. John Jossie inquired about the impact of the UK's cancellation of its space department on European space activities, to which Manuel responded that it caused some media attention but had minimal practical impact, as the UK continues to contribute to the European Space Agency. This program began with an introduction to Helix Space and its ecosystem, focusing on the Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) and its role in accessing European Space Agency funding. Manuel explained the differences between the European Space Agency and the European Union Space Agency, highlighting their distinct responsibilities and occasional conflicts. The discussion also touched on European space initiatives like Iris Squared and the competition among European nation-states in the space sector.Manuel discussed his role as Managing Director of Helix Space in Luxembourg, explaining the company's focus on space technology and satellite manufacturing. David announced upcoming programs featuring Isaac Arthur, Michael Listner and Dr. Mike Griffin, and reminded listeners of the ongoing annual campaign. The show also highlighted the importance of listener support and various payment options, including PayPal, Zelle, and Substack.Manuel explained that Helix Space, which he co-founded over five years ago, initially focused on developing microgravity research products for both humans and animals, but later shifted its focus to 90% defense-related services and 10% civil space services. He detailed how the company helps European companies obtain public and private funding, develop innovation programs, and improve cybersecurity standards. David inquired about the commercial space boom, to which Manuel shared that both Luxembourg's Space Agency and the European Space Agency prioritize funding projects with strong commercial viability, requiring detailed business plans and evidence of market potential before supporting research and development.Manuel discussed the Feed for Start program, a national accelerator in Luxembourg that supports space companies worldwide, with successful graduates eligible for government funding to establish operations in Luxembourg. He highlighted a French company that enables rocket launch bookings, noting its improved website and growing customer base. John Jossy inquired about the market sectors for satellite customers, and Manuel outlined the main categories: traditional SATCOM, Earth observation, space services, and space resources, with Europe focusing on defensive measures rather than weaponization in space. David asked about Europe's stance on space weaponization, to which Manuel confirmed that Europe prioritizes defensive capabilities and cybersecurity measures, such as zero-trust architectures and potential robotic arms for satellite protection.Manuel discussed the significant impact of the Russian Ukrainian war on Europe's space sector, highlighting increased investments and the rapid sale of SAR satellites by Finnish company Ice Eye. He mentioned European companies like Redwire and Tumi Robotics developing autonomous systems for microgravity research and lunar exploration. Manuel also explained Helix Space's involvement with the European Space Resources Innovation Center's Startup Support Program, which helps startups develop terrestrial applications of lunar technology, and addressed the criticism and potential impact of the Artemis program on the European space industry.Next, the discussion focused on European space launch capabilities and trends. Manuel explained that while Ariane Space remains a significant provider with 11-12 launches annually, Europe is developing multiple new rocket companies including Rocket Factory Augsburg, ISAR Aerospace, and PLD Space to reduce dependency on foreign launch providers. Marshall inquired about European preferences for launch providers and payment methods, to which Manuel responded that public procurement follows open tenders while private actors choose based on availability and cost. David raised questions about European spaceports and private space stations, with Manuel noting that while there's activity around autonomous vehicles and payload capabilities, European companies like Airbus are partnering with American companies like Voyager Holdings for space station development.Manuel discussed Helix Base's for-profit business model, highlighting their success in helping companies raise funds and their work with European Space Resources Innovation Center. He mentioned several companies they work with, including Tumi Robotics, Space Backend, and Polymux Space, which are developing innovative technologies for space exploration and resource utilization. John Jossy inquired about Luxembourg's space resources law and asteroid mining, to which Manuel provided insights into the companies involved in these activities and their progress.Manuel explained that Helix Space focuses on preventive medicine rather than pharmaceutical development, drawing inspiration from his father's experience with alternative treatment in Peru and historical medical practices. He noted that healthcare costs are skyrocketing globally, with a significant portion of budgets dedicated to healthcare, and emphasized the need for preventive measures. Manuel and his wife, a systems biology expert, are exploring unconventional medical approaches based on historical anecdotes and scientific research, though he acknowledged that some of their findings should be taken with a grain of salt.Manuel discussed his company's efforts to develop preventive medicine treatments for conditions like osteoarthritis through space-based experiments. After assessing microgravity service providers in Europe, they found limited interest and decided to pause their efforts until there is more commercial demand. Manuel expressed frustration with the current space research ecosystem, particularly regarding the International Space Station's capabilities and the lengthy development processes, and emphasized the need for streamlined, autonomous operations in the future.Our guest explained that while space medicine research exists, there are no concrete medical products developed in space that have made it to market on Earth. He described the European Space Agency's requirement for business plans, which led to the adoption of the Business Model Canvas as a structured framework for proposal submissions. Manuel detailed how the Value Proposition Canvas tool helps identify and balance the diverse needs of different stakeholders in a business context, particularly relevant for space projects where system engineering processes are crucial.Manuel explained the opportunities for American startups to access the European market through Helix Pace, a chartered member of the American Chamber of Commerce in Luxembourg. He highlighted the country's openness to American companies setting up subsidiaries or headquarters, as well as access to funding and expertise. He also discussed the European Space Agency's interest in lunar exploration and the selection process for astronauts, emphasizing the need for diplomatic negotiations and collaboration with NASA.Toward the end, our Managing Director guest discussed Europe's space capabilities and challenges, noting that while Europe lacks expertise and infrastructure to compete with China's moon program, it is focused on defense and rearmament. He mentioned that the European Space Agency is concerned about space debris and space weather and is developing programs to track debris and study its impact on infrastructure. Manuel also shared that RSS Hydro, a Luxembourg-based commercial space company specializing in flood and wildfire risk management, has been doubling revenue for the past three years and is expanding in the US. David invited Manuel to join the show's advisory board and suggested potential US events for Manuel to attend, including the Space Symposium and ISDC in Washington, D.C.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025 No program today | Tuesday 16 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonTuesday, Dec. 16: No Program today. We are still in our campaign for 2026 funding. Please support us. See PayPal to the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4474: Hotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal | Thursday 18 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Dr. Sabyasachi PalHotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal re Giant Radio Quasars and his 53 black hole research papeFriday, Dec. 19, 2025 No program today. Please support The Space Show/. See the PayPal button on the right side of our home page. | Friday 19 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program today due to medical. Support The Space Show by using our PayPal button on the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4475 ZOOM Michael Listner, Atty. | Sunday 21 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Michael ListnerZOOM: Michael Listner, space atty breaks down legal, policy and more for 2025 space Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show Presents Isaac Arthur, Sunday, 12-14-25Quick SummaryOur program began with a discussion about space exploration projects and the evolution of telecommunications, followed by a conversation about AI's impact on education and society. The Wisdom Team then explored various space-related topics including lunar missions, space habitats, and the importance of public-private partnerships in funding exploration efforts. The discussion concluded with Isaac, as president of the National Space Society, emphasizing the organization's mission and encouraging listener participation in space exploration initiatives.Detailed SummaryIsaac and I started the conversation talking about space exploration, with Isaac expressing caution about discussing specific details of NASA's Artemis program due to its frequent changes. David emphasized the need to balance discussion of Artemis with other space-related topics to avoid overwhelming our conversations as Artemis is a hot topic at this time. We began talking about space exploration projects, including Mars missions and space elevators, with Isaac expressing skepticism about fusion technology progress. I then introduced the program schedule, noting upcoming guest appearances and the annual fundraising campaign. Isaac, as the president of the National Space Society, started the space discussion which over time covered various space-related topics and the importance of listener end of the year support for The Space Show given we are 100% listener/participant financed.David and Isaac discussed the impact of AI on education and society. Isaac emphasized that AI should be viewed as a tool to augment human creativity and learning, rather than a replacement for critical thinking. He suggested that professors adapt their teaching methods to account for AI's presence, such as conducting in-person exams. David shared his experience using AI for medical information, which led to complaints from doctors. Isaac advised that while AI can be a useful diagnostic tool, it should not replace professional medical advice. Both agreed that critical thinking and understanding the limitations of AI are essential skills in the modern world.Isaac went on to discuss the current state and future of space exploration, emphasizing the significant progress made in the last decade and expressing optimism about returning to the moon, whether through Artemis or private sector initiatives. He noted that while commercial involvement in space has increased, NASA remains crucial for fundamental research and large-scale projects without a clear profit motive. Isaac also highlighted the importance of learning from past missions and the need for careful planning, suggesting that while Mars missions could be feasible in the near future, they should not be rushed.Our Wisdom Team along with Isaac discussed space exploration plans and competition with China. Isaac emphasized the importance of making detailed plans for space missions, including a permanent moon base with features like a nuclear reactor and the ability to rescue astronauts. He downplayed concerns about China's space program, noting that competition can drive progress. The discussion also covered the size and staffing requirements for a moon base, with Marshall and Isaac agreeing that it should be larger than the ISS and have a higher ratio of robots to humans due to communication delays. This part of the conversation concluded with Bill asking Isaac about his views on the future direction of NASA, given the potential confirmation of Isaacman as administrator.Isaac suggested that NASA should focus on the moon mission as its primary goal, requiring strong leadership and centralization to motivate and align companies involved. He emphasized the need for NASA to shift its focus towards commercial development and experimentation, potentially separating it from military space operations. John Hunt proposed that China's potential moon landing before the U.S. could actually benefit the U.S. space program by creating a sense of competition and urgency, though Isaac noted the risks of complacency and the importance of maintaining a strong commitment to space exploration.Isaac and David discussed the potential for public-private partnerships to fund lunar exploration and the challenges of predicting commercial opportunities in space. They explored various options for lunar and space-based activities, including manufacturing, resource utilization, and energy production. Isaac emphasized the importance of real-world testing and innovation in low gravity, while David raised concerns about the energy requirements for AI and data centers, suggesting that space-based data centers could offer regulatory advantages. Both agreed on the need for diverse energy sources and technological advancement to address global energy shortages.The Wisdom Team discussed energy solutions, with Dr. Kothari and Isaac agreeing that molten salt reactors using thorium could provide a safe and scalable solution for both civilization's energy needs and data center requirements. Isaac emphasized the importance of increasing energy generation capacity across multiple technologies rather than focusing on efficiency alone, while David raised concerns about the difficulty of getting broad support for these solutions from policymakers. The discussion concluded with Isaac noting that while government agencies like NASA struggle with public relations, private space companies have shown more success in marketing space initiatives to the public and policymakers.The team next discussed strategies for promoting space and nuclear initiatives to policymakers, with Isaac highlighting the importance of personal engagement and storytelling to generate enthusiasm. Dr. Kothari proposed collaboration between NSS and TSS to present a unified pitch for space and nuclear programs to key figures like J.D. Vance's Chief of Staff. Isaac shared insights on the economic and strategic benefits of space exploration, emphasizing the need for realistic messaging to avoid a space bubble. The conversation concluded with a discussion on the potential impact of SpaceX's IPO on the U.S. economy, with Isaac suggesting it could stabilize after an initial fluctuation.Isaac and Marshall discussed the economic potential of SpaceX's Starlink, with Marshall highlighting its rapid revenue growth and potential impact on global telecommunications. They explored the challenges and opportunities of space settlement, with Isaac emphasizing the importance of creating space habitats for long-term human presence, while acknowledging the need for gravity and the potential for new ecosystems in space. Before ending, David inquired about the feasibility of space settlement and the necessity of knowing the gravity RX for children, to which Isaac responded that while humans currently require gravity, future solutions like cybernetic organisms or genetic modifications could provide alternatives.Isaac discussed the feasibility of space habitats, noting that while O'Neill cylinders might not be built this century, smaller habitats like Calpana could be more realistic. He expressed skepticism about Musk's plan for a Mars city by mid-century, questioning the need for biological self-sustaining settlements and emphasizing the importance of medical intervention for gravity-related issues. Isaac also highlighted the potential challenges of raising children in space and suggested that space habitats would likely start with small, specialized populations rather than large, self-sustaining cities.Isaac and Dr. Ajay discussed the feasibility of building a smaller lunar lander within 3-5 years, with Isaac expressing skepticism about meeting such a tight timeline due to the complexity and risks involved in space missions. They also debated the merits of building a lunar lander versus a space station, with Isaac advocating for a more robust approach that includes both options. David raised concerns about potential regulatory and economic challenges that could hinder space exploration efforts in the coming years.Isaac discussed the importance of space regulations, emphasizing the need to balance economic development with safety and environmental concerns. He highlighted potential issues with space advertising and the need for international cooperation in regulating space activities. The conversation also touched on nuclear waste management, with Isaac suggesting recycling radioactive materials and disposing of them in deep oceanic trenches as safer alternatives to space disposal.Isaac, the president of the National Space Society, discussed the organization's mission and encouraged listeners to join, emphasizing its inclusive nature and the opportunity to contribute to space exploration efforts. He reflected on the journey of space exploration, highlighting the importance of enjoying the process rather than solely focusing on destinations. Isaac also mentioned upcoming events, including the ISDC conference in McLean, Virginia, and discussed plans for future roadmaps and white papers on space-related topics.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025 No program today | Tuesday 16 Dec 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonTuesday, Dec. 16: No Program today. We are still in our campaign for 2026 funding. Please support us. See PayPal to the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4474: Hotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal | Thursday 18 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Dr. Sabyasachi PalHotel Mars with Dr. Sabyasachi Pal re Giant Radio Quasars and his 53 black hole research papeFriday, Dec. 19, 2025 No program today. Please support The Space Show/. See the PayPal button on the right side of our home page. | Friday 19 Dec 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program today due to medical. Support The Space Show by using our PayPal button on the right side of our home page.Broadcast 4475 ZOOM Michael Listner, Atty. | Sunday 21 Dec 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Michael ListnerZOOM: Michael Listner, space atty breaks down legal, policy and more for 2025 space Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

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