Podcasts about free tours

The tours are organized through a partnership between Women's Lunch Place, a daytime women's shelter and advocacy center in Boston, and the Museum of Fine Arts.

Free tours for locals, Kathy Catron joins Mike Davis "This Evening" to talk all about tours in St. Augustine.

JOIN US! IT'S FREE!   (AUGUST 19 – 10:00 A.M.)    “I approached a dense wood on the west side of the road, and on entering it formed my regiment” As the Third Corps moved out towards the Emmitsburg Road on the afternoon of July 2, 1863, it was just the continuation of falling dominoes that had begun earlier in the day when Union troops discovered Confederates in Pitzer's Woods. Join us as we discuss the events leading up to the more well-known move by the Third Corps.   MEET AT CAMPSITE AREA PITZER'S WOODS

Saludos comunidad, hoy vengo con dos temas que además están relacionados. ¿Qué es un free tour? ¿Cómo funciona y cuanto cuesta? Además relacionado con los guías, todos, no solo los de free tours te doy una idea de cómo saber cuanta propina hay que dar. Espero que te sea de utilidad. Gracias por escuchar este podcast, si quieres puedes dejarme un nota de audio de hasta un minuto haciendo clic en este link. https://anchor.fm/cesar-sar/message Si te gusta este podcast por favor dale estrellas y deja una reseña, será muy útil para mí.  Y si te gusta la serie me ayudarías dejando tu comentario en esta publicación de BuenViaje en IG https://www.instagram.com/p/CrKqoyzubKZ/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= Si quieres contarme algo puedes escribirme a viajes@cesarsar.com Además podemos compartir redes: https://www.facebook.com/CesarSar/ https://www.instagram.com/sarworldpress/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC55ZMnqfOlSc7uWbIEM4bDw Y si te gusta la serie me ayudarías dejando tu comentario en esta publicación de BuenViaje en IG https://www.instagram.com/p/CrKqoyzubKZ/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= Un abrazo, compartir es vivir. 

The long-standing membership-based Native Canadian Centre of Toronto is offering a wide range of programs and services based on Indigenous Art, culture, traditions and teachings, including tours! To tell us more Olivea Loo sat down with Zechariah James.

El FREE TOUR nació en Berlín, en el 2004, y se ha extendido por toda Europa, también en nuestras ciudades… IÑIGO ANSA en Donostia y KOLDO LLORENTE en Bilbao son dos guías FREE TOUR… ...

In today's episode I have the absolute pleasure of speaking to Canden Arciniega, my good friend and former boss, who is the co-owner and COO of Free Tours by Foot, a 'name your own price' walking tour company that operates in more than a dozen cities around the US and Europe. I actually got my start in the travel industry with Free Tours by Foot back in 2012 as a tour guide in Washington, DC, so this episode is especially dear to my heart. Canden shares how name your own price tours work, including the major benefits and challenges of running this type of business. We'll also learn about the game changing strategy Free Tours by Foot used to increase bookings from 2k per month in 2011 to over 70k per month in the lead up to COVID-19. Now unfortunately there was an issue with my mic at the very start of the recording, so I wasn't able to capture the first few minutes of me welcoming Canden onto the show and us chatting about our adventures in DC. However, the good news is that this means she'll need to come back for another future episode so we can finally share the story of the phantom snake attack from our 6 day cycle ride from DC to Pittsburgh. But the even better news is that the content of this episode is especially good and super actionable. If you're interested in starting a walking tour company or you're looking to expand your current company into different locations, or if you'd like to learn how to diversify your income (because as Canden reveals, there are many other ways to make money as a walking tour business, beyond just through tour bookings) then definitely tune in. Plus at the end she shares some incredible productivity hacks, so make sure you stick around for that. Honestly, she is the most well organized and highly productive person I know, so you definitely won't want to miss her tips. SHOW NOTES: https://karablythe.com/travel-business-lounge/ FACEBOOK GROUP: https://www.facebook.com/groups/323995252173500 INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/travelbusinesslounge/

Pedro Aznar, David Navarro y Henar Álvarez, que siguen de resaca electoral y emocional, comentan lo más destacado de la actualidad política. Además, para aprender a gestionar sus expectativas y no volver a caer en las falsas esperanzas del 4 de mayo, hablan con Laura García, psicóloga y coach.Erik Harley, artista y creador de Oficina Periferia, la casa de las guías turísticas de la corrupción, explica qué es el "pormishuevismo" y cuenta su relación con la especulación arquitectónica en España.

Pedro Aznar, David Navarro y Henar Álvarez, que siguen de resaca electoral y emocional, comentan lo más destacado de la actualidad política. Además, para aprender a gestionar sus expectativas y no volver a caer en las falsas esperanzas del 4 de mayo, hablan con Laura García, psicóloga y coach.Erik Harley, artista y creador de Oficina Periferia, la casa de las guías turísticas de la corrupción, explica qué es el "pormishuevismo" y cuenta su relación con la especulación arquitectónica en España.

Pedro Aznar, David Navarro y Henar Álvarez, que siguen de resaca electoral y emocional, comentan lo más destacado de la actualidad política. Además, para aprender a gestionar sus expectativas y no volver a caer en las falsas esperanzas del 4 de mayo, hablan con Laura García, psicóloga y coach.Erik Harley, artista y creador de Oficina Periferia, la casa de las guías turísticas de la corrupción, explica qué es el "pormishuevismo" y cuenta su relación con la especulación arquitectónica en España.

Hoje, na nossa série de dicas de viagem, falamos um pouco sobre essa modalidade de tour que é muito bacana pra qualquer viagem que você fizer. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dropando/message

While it might seem pretty obvious that the White House is emotionally and politically haunted, especially right now, did you know that it is also allegedly haunted by ghosts? Former presidents, first ladies, pets, children, and staff workers are a few of the ghosts roaming around the White House. Michelle and Barack Obama reported hearing strange noises in the hallway and feeling gnawing at their feet. Jenna Bush claimed she heard piano music coming out of her fire place. Mary Todd Lincoln held seances in the red room in attempts to channel the dead. Which president is the grumpiest ghost? Which First Lady is aggressively protective of the rose garden, and who is stuck doing laundry?We interview DC Ghost Tour Guide Erin Dunn of Free Tours by Foot to talk about the Old Stone House (where ghosts specifically haunt women) and the Exorcist Stairs in Georgetown.Historian Daniel Tana talks about the truth behind the many spooky legends of one of the oldest buildings in DC- The Octagon House. Is it haunted by Colonel Tayloe’s daughters who fell down the staircase and died? Do the service bells ring inexpliclably? Who is the man in black often spotted at night?ALSO: Dolley Madison, James Madison’s wife, is cool as hell and has a Hostess bakery brand named after her.—EMAIL US: Webcrawlerspod@gmail.comLEAVE US A VOICEMAIL: 626-604-6262__JOIN OUR DISCORD: https://discord.com/invite/VNGJnHr—FOLLOW US: Twitter / Instagram / Reddit / Facebook—JOIN OUR PATREON: HERE—MERCH: https://webcrawlerspod.com— Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/webcrawlers. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

"The Northwest Tattoo Museum and Tattooing houses over 800 artifacts and offers a look into the last 140+ years of Electric Tattooings history. We also feature, World Renowned Award Winning Tattooing. The NTM has exhibits of famous tattoo persons, tattoo machines, design sheets from 1910 - present, acetate stencils, vintage photographs, handpieces, needle building tools, inks, power supplies and much more!!! Admission to the Museum is Free, and Free Tours are available. If you are tattooed or not tattooed and are curious about tattooings past and history, or just to get tattooed, stop by and see us, Walk Ins are always welcome. Preserving Tattoo History One Artifact at a Time, Where Pride in Workmanship Still Exists!!" Address: 2934 N Government Way, Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815 Phone: (208) 665-6565 The Shop: https://teespring.com/stores/yoga-where-youre-at DB Creative Designs: http://dbcreativedesign.com/ Baumgartner Ranch: ttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJxK5yVrrE9znZXITpCKBJg SBRanch@SBRanch.net --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/loren-alberts/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/loren-alberts/support

Ventana o Pasillo, el podcast de viajes de Valencia Plaza, entrevista a Juan Castillo, fundador de GuruWalk, una comunidad internacional de free tours que conecta a viajeros con guías alrededor del mundo para que cualquier persona pueda disfrutar de este tipo de tours en cualquier parte del mundo. Una entrevista en la que explicará en qué consiste la comunidad de GuruWalk está formada por “gurus” (guías locales) que son personas abiertas, atentas, divertidas, con gran conocimiento de la ciudad y que serán tus amigos allá donde viajes. Y sus “walkers” (los viajeros) que les gustan este tipo de tours por delante de otros, que disfrutan de una experiencia inolvidable y, lo más importante, que viajan por todo el mundo haciendo guruwalks (free tours).En cada episodio, Olga Briasco (@obriasco) y Clara Estrems, (@lassandaliasde), del blog Las Sandalias de Ulises, proponen viajar a un destino diferente, analizan temas relacionados con el mundo del turismo y los viajes o entrevistará a protagonistas de este sector.El podcast Descubriendo el mundo de los Free Tours de la mano de GuruWalk ha sido publicado en Plaza Radio

“Now as I always say to my friends and family when they visit London, and to my tour guests, if you are standing in a park, a garden, a square, or a market, look around; because the only reason it’s there is because it’s a plague pit” “If you are thinking about bloodletting, the first place that people’s minds often go to is to leeches. But if you thought about that, maybe in a past life, you were very wealthy. Because in order to afford leeches, in London, in the 17th century,  you would have had to get them from a very posh leech importer, and if so, you would have displayed them in a beautiful container. You may even have a plated silver or gold leech container that you kept in your pocket, and you might bring that leech container out, when you want to show off… You might fondle that leech container when you are talking to someone you fancy.” Join Tour Guide Tell All for this mini-episode as we feature special guest Jessica O’Neil, a tour guide with our sister outfit Free Tours by Foot London, as she gives us the creepiest content for our creepy October/Halloween-themed pods.  Find out all about how the bubonic plague affected London, how they disposed of the dead, and how there are still designated “plague pits” scattered throughout London today.   Comments or Questions? Or have an idea for future episodes - #pitchtothepod? Email us tourguidetellall@gmail.comSupport Tour Guide Tell All:Want to send a one off donation to support the podcast team? We have a venmo @tourguide-tellallCheck out our STORE for Tour Guide Tell All podcast paraphernalia from tote bags to stickers - https://tour-guide-tell-all.myshopify.com/Become a Patron for bonus episodes and early release: https://www.patreon.com/tourguidetellall Various visual aids for this creepy episode:YouTube clip of various pictures of Charterhouse, LondonPictures of Plague DoctorsHistoric UK Interactive Plague Pit Map You’re Listening To: Jessica O’NeilThe Person Responsible for it Sounding Good: Dan KingTechnical & Admin Work Done During Toddler Naptime: Canden Arciniega Intro/Outro Music: Well-Seasoned from Audio Hero

There still seems to be much confusion as to what is open in Galveston - and the answer is almost EVERYTHING. Hear what's happening the weekend of August 7th and meet Shena Pearson as Mike Dudas get the Scuttlebutt on the Gulf Coast Autism Alliance. For more information visit https://gceatx.org/ And, be sure and download the Galveston Digital Island Guide for FREE TOURS and everything happening on the Island. You'll find it in the Google and Apple App stores and at www.Galveston.VIP

Anthony Jenson of Zapp Realty joins Mike Dudas to talk about Island realty and how the market has been impacted by COVID. We also welcome back the Harborside Express and some beach weekend events. Save the date of August 7th for Free Clothes and breakfast tacos at St. Vincent's House. Get complete details on Island events, things to do, family friendly events, FREE Tours and so much more on the new digital Island guide. Download at www.Galveston.VIP - also available in the Google and Apple App stores. Thanks to Billy "Blues" Hill for the great cover photo for this episode. Listen for his G-Town Surf Reports at the top of the hour on www.RadioGalveston.com

El 16 de julio, volvemos a la carga. Para nuestro viaje necesitaremos un cuaderno de bitácora y un revólver cargado. ¿Porqué? En primer lugar en una sección muy histórica llamada “grandes viajeros”, conoceremos la apasionante vida de Fernando de Magallanes, nos lo contará un gran amigo y conocedor de los avatares de la que fue primera circunnavegación del planeta, el escritor sevillano Antonio Puente Mayor. A continuación viajaremos a Burgos para conocer algo muy curioso y especial para los amantes del llamado spaguetti wéstern, ya que la famosa escena final de la película “El Bueno, el feo y el malo”, en un cementerio, está rodada en las inmediaciones de Santo Domingo de Silos. Sergio García, miembro fundador de la asociación cultural Cementerio de Sad Hill, que recuperaron este espacio para el turismo en los últimos tiempos, nos acompañará. Y por último René García, al frente de la Asociación de guías turísticos del Principado nos hablará de la situación de los guías turísticos en Asturias y de la polémica con respecto a los llamados Free Tours. Así que menú completo para la mañana del jueves, no os lo perdáis, no os defraudará!!

El 16 de julio, volvemos a la carga. Para nuestro viaje necesitaremos un cuaderno de bitácora y un revólver cargado. ¿Porqué? En primer lugar en una sección muy histórica llamada “grandes viajeros”, conoceremos la apasionante vida de Fernando de Magallanes, nos lo contará un gran amigo y conocedor de los avatares de la que fue primera circunnavegación del planeta, el escritor sevillano Antonio Puente Mayor. A continuación viajaremos a Burgos para conocer algo muy curioso y especial para los amantes del llamado spaguetti wéstern, ya que la famosa escena final de la película “El Bueno, el feo y el malo”, en un cementerio, está rodada en las inmediaciones de Santo Domingo de Silos. Sergio García, miembro fundador de la asociación cultural Cementerio de Sad Hill, que recuperaron este espacio para el turismo en los últimos tiempos, nos acompañará. Y por último René García, al frente de la Asociación de guías turísticos del Principado nos hablará de la situación de los guías turísticos en Asturias y de la polémica con respecto a los llamados Free Tours. Así que menú completo para la mañana del jueves, no os lo perdáis, no os defraudará!!

El 16 de julio, volvemos a la carga. Para nuestro viaje necesitaremos un cuaderno de bitácora y un revólver cargado. ¿Porqué? En primer lugar en una sección muy histórica llamada “grandes viajeros”, conoceremos la apasionante vida de Fernando de Magallanes, nos lo contará un gran amigo y conocedor de los avatares de la que fue primera circunnavegación del planeta, el escritor sevillano Antonio Puente Mayor. A continuación viajaremos a Burgos para conocer algo muy curioso y especial para los amantes del llamado spaguetti wéstern, ya que la famosa escena final de la película “El Bueno, el feo y el malo”, en un cementerio, está rodada en las inmediaciones de Santo Domingo de Silos. Sergio García, miembro fundador de la asociación cultural Cementerio de Sad Hill, que recuperaron este espacio para el turismo en los últimos tiempos, nos acompañará. Y por último René García, al frente de la Asociación de guías turísticos del Principado nos hablará de la situación de los guías turísticos en Asturias y de la polémica con respecto a los llamados Free Tours. Así que menú completo para la mañana del jueves, no os lo perdáis, no os defraudará!!

El 16 de julio, volvemos a la carga. Para nuestro viaje necesitaremos un cuaderno de bitácora y un revólver cargado. ¿Porqué? En primer lugar en una sección muy histórica llamada “grandes viajeros”, conoceremos la apasionante vida de Fernando de Magallanes, nos lo contará un gran amigo y conocedor de los avatares de la que fue primera circunnavegación del planeta, el escritor sevillano Antonio Puente Mayor. A continuación viajaremos a Burgos para conocer algo muy curioso y especial para los amantes del llamado spaguetti wéstern, ya que la famosa escena final de la película “El Bueno, el feo y el malo”, en un cementerio, está rodada en las inmediaciones de Santo Domingo de Silos. Sergio García, miembro fundador de la asociación cultural Cementerio de Sad Hill, que recuperaron este espacio para el turismo en los últimos tiempos, nos acompañará. Y por último René García, al frente de la Asociación de guías turísticos del Principado nos hablará de la situación de los guías turísticos en Asturias y de la polémica con respecto a los llamados Free Tours. Así que menú completo para la mañana del jueves, no os lo perdáis, no os defraudará!!

"As they are retreating, he's going to hold off the Germans on his own with his rifle as the men retreat. He's also on his radio directing artillery fire to the German lines. Once he runs out of  ammunition in his weapon. He gets into the burning tank which is again on fire and could blow up at any moment, and takes the machine gun and starts firing at the Germans. He does this for an hour on his own."UPDATE: We want to just make a quick correction to a statement made in this episode - both Medal of Honor AND Legion of Merit can be worn around the neck.This week we talk about two of the many WWII figures buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Audie Murphy and James Doolittle.You can get a full self guided tour of the cemetery (when it opens!) that includes Audio Murphy here: https://freetoursbyfoot.com/washington-dc-tours/walking-tours/arlington-cemetery/#selfPLEASE SUPPORT US BY BECOMING A PATRON - www.patreon.com/tourguidetellallComments or Questions? Or have an idea for future episodes? Email us tourguidetellall@gmail.comIf you're interested in in more information, we find these sources helpful:Free Tours by Foot DC's Guide to Arlington CemeteryAudie Murphy Grave SiteJames Doolittle Grave SiteMilitary Times, Audie Murphy Made a Name for Himself in Battle and On ScreenAir Force Biography, James DoolittleYou're Listening To: Becca Grawl, Rebecca FachnerThe Person Responsible for it Sounding Good: Dan KingTechnical & Admin Work Done During Naptime: Canden ArciniegaIntro/Outro Music: Well-Seasoned from Audio Hero

"You know where I was on VE Day? I was in Washington DC. The streets were so crowded the buses couldn't run" Rather than listen to us talk about WWII, we interview three people about their experiences in the war.Ann Fuqua, who worked at the Navy Department in DCMona McNeese, whose husband was a Japanese POWWaldo Beck, a Marine pilot stateside on VE Day waiting for orders to the Pacific. These interviews were recorded on Zoom and flip phones, so the quality isn't always the best. We've included the transcript below.Support Tour Guide Tell All on our Patreon Page: www.patreon.com/tourguidetellall or follow us on twitter @tourguidetellComments or Questions? Or have an idea for future episodes? Email us tourguidetellall@gmail.comYou're Listening To: Becca GrawlAmateur Sound Editing: Canden ArciniegaTranscriptions: Rebecca FachnerIntro/Outro Music: Well-Seasoned from Audio HeroINTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS:Rebecca Grawl (RG): But I just wanted to ask you a couple of questions about WW2, what you remember, what it was like and if you remember VE Day, which was May 8?Ann Fuqua (AF): You know where I was on VE Day?RG: Where?AF: I was in the city of Washington, DC, the streets were so full of people the buses could not run.RG: wowAF: I watched a big bottle of alcohol of some kind start way down the street and passed it hand by hand down the street til it was all cold.RG: What were you doing in DC?AF: I worked there for the Navy Department.RG: Oh wow, what did you do there, can I ask?AF: uhh, a little bit of this, a little bit of that, but the funny thing about it is that, uhh, when we went there to work, they told us, the people that we worked with, we never talked about that, we never talked about what we did, it all stayed inside that building and you know, I think that’s what happened, we didn’t have people checking us out or anything, we just did it.RG: Well of course, during war time, you had to keep everything hush hushAF: yeah yeahRG: What was it like living in DC during the War?AF: well, I like all the museums of course, we made it a point every weekend we spent it somewhere in a museum, but when we went out to the museum, but when we went out to the museum, it was all full of servicemen from everywhere. At the end of the day, we had to go to the museums together, and they’d buy their lunch, we’d buy our lunch and when the day was over, they went their way and we went ours. It was different.RG: There were a lot of service members kind of coming through DC on their way to and from?AF: Oh yeah. Well, you see, they had a big marine base there, they also had a big navy base there, and so we saw a lot of them. Some of them had already been overseas in action, and some of them, MOST of them had already been and had come back to Washington for some reason, I don’t know what.RG: DO you remember things like; was there a lot of rationing in DC, where you had to ration food and supplies?AF: Yes, we did. The navy department found us a place to live when they hired us, they told us they’d find us a place to live. And we lived with, it was a grandmother, a daughter and her daughter. Three generations in the house but yet they found room to rent a room to us.  We hadn’t been there long and the grandmother approached me one day and she says “ Girls, I know you’re not eating your supper” right, and she says “If you will write home and get your ration books I’ll cook your meal at nighttime for 25 cents.” So course, we wrote home and got em mother didn’t need em and she was so proud, we could not have give (given) her a gift of any kind that was as good as our ration books. And she did cook, she was a great cook, yeah. So that was the only way it bothered us, we didn’t need gas, we didn’t need anything. She got our ration cards and we enjoyed it.RG: Where we you from originally?AF: (unintelligible), Mississippi RG: Oh excellent.  So was it a big change, moving to the city of DC?AF:  (Laughs) oh yeah, the furthest I’d been away from home was about a hundred miles away to Memphis and that was it.  We rode up on a Pullman train and spent the night on the train and it was the first time I had ever seen the link sausage, that was the first time.  They served them to us for breakfast, and oh I thought that was the best thing that I had ever had. Yeah, it was greenhorns going up there.  Another one of my classmates went the same time as I did, and both of us was just as green as grass.  We didn’t know anything, but we learned. RG: If there was one thing you wanted young people today to know about WW2 or understand about that time in our country, what would you want them to know or to remember?AF: Well, see I was in high school and we had a lot of men that was drafted out of high school, cuz when they turned 18, you know they could draft them.  And I think what sticks with me now is they took those kids that had been just like me, just here, and that’s all, and they left here as boys, you might say but then when they came home they were men after they had fought through all of that. So I think that was about the biggest thing. And I don’t know as it really hit me til after it was all over. But that was kinda sad, it just took their youth away from them.RG: That’s really interesting.  Is there anything else you want to tell me about the war, about your experience during that time?AF: I think one of the things that hit me the hardest, was when they opened up the concentration camps in Germany that they made pictures and they put them on boards almost as big as plywood, blew em up big, and set them at a lot of the entrances.  They had them there at the Navy Department as we went in, that was sad. Now, I mean, with all the bombings and everything else, that was one of the saddest things that I saw. It was awful and of course they were blown up, they were bigger than what they really were but it was awful.RG: I find it interesting that they actually had them for you guys to see at the Navy Department so that people would know of the atrocities and would know what had happened.AF: They did. They even had the one, you know the Japanese had the little plane that one person, it was a bomb really, and one person sat in that plane and when he dove his plane into a ship, he went too, it was suicide, I think maybe they called them suicide bombers.  They got one and they parked it in front of the Navy Department, and there his shoes was, down on the floor and they were made out of steel or something, and they were bolted to the floor, so they meant for them to stay with it.  It was, it was a pretty big thing.RG: Well, I really do appreciate you taking the time to share a little big about your experience, I’m a tour guide here in DC and we are preparing some videos and some information to share online with some of the students that can’t come to DC that would normally come this time of year to go to the WW2 and the Holocaust museum and those thingsAF: Well there is one other thing, while I was up there, I worked on Massachusetts Avenue, you know it was Embassy Row. I worked in Lars Andersson’s mansion, which now is a museum, but they had everything taken out of it.  I was the receptionist and none of the statues and none of that was there. But I worked there for a long time while I was there, and my grandson went back later, he lives up there now, and they were having a tour, so he got there one day just in time as they were having a tour group go through and so as the guide was talking about, and he told them, he said you know, my grandmother worked here during World War 2 and she says in all the years that I have been a tour guide, you are the first person that knew anybody that worked in this building, and of course now they’ve got it fixed up, the tapestries and all that in there.RG: Yes, I sometimes take groups along Embassy Row and I’ve seen that building and its hard to image it as an office or a work site, but I know during World War 2 that was very common, a lot of these buildings were converted into government.AF: It was a beautiful building, you went out back and there was a big garden out there in the back, you know, we used to went out there and ate our lunch every day.RG: Not a bad place to go to workAF: (Laughs) It wasn’t much work to it, I just answered the phone and checked everybody that came in. But that was quite an experience.  Well, its been a pleasure to talk to you.RG: Miss Ann, it has been so nice to speak to you, I so appreciate you sharing your experiences.  You know this year marks the 75th anniversary of the end of the war and there was supposed to be a lot of celebrations to honor all those men who served and of course with the virus we can’t do that, so you being willing to talk online let me record you, I really appreciate that.  I’ll email Gloria anything we use that includes what we talked about.AF: Ok, well I tell you what it was quite an experience.  It was quite an experience.  But I wouldn’t take anything apart, but I just don’t want people to forget what those men went through during World War 2. You take now, they can get on computer and see em and hear from them all time, if we heard from them twice a month we were lucky.  All we knew is if they had a new york address they were in Europe, if they had a California address they were in the South Pacific and that’s all we knew.  We just didn’t know very much. RG: A very important time.  Well, thank you so much Miss Ann, please stay safe, please thank Rhonda for setting up the call for me.AF: I sure will, cuz I don’t know a thing about this kinda stuff. RG: Well thank you so much, you stay safe! AF: ok, bye! -----SECOND INTERVIEW WITH MONA MCNEESE---- RG: Hi, So I’m Rebecca, I’m with a company in DC called Free Tours by Foot and we’re talking to a few people about their World War 2 experience, and your son thought that you might like to talk to me for a few minutes.MM: Well, (unintelligible) information, my husband didn’t talk very much about what happened to him and its true now that I probably forgot, but id be happy to help in any way that I can.RG: Of course, well can you tell me a little bit about where your husband was from and where he served?MM: Well, he was from, you want to  know where he was from? RG: Yeah, was he from Mississippi like you?MM: He was from Quincy, Mississippi.  Q-U-I-N-C-Y.RG: And did he volunteer, was he drafted?MM: He volunteered, very young.RG: Did you know him then, or did you meet him after the war?MM: I knew him after the war in 1945RG: And do you know what branch he served in? MM: He was in, I don’t know if they called it the cavalry but that’s what he started out, riding horses wherever he was stationed at, but anyway he was in the army to start out with. And I don’t know if at that time they called it the Army Air Corps or if it was just the Army, because in 1947 the Army Air Force split and you either had to go into the Army of the Air Force and he chose the Air force at that time.RG: now during World War 2, how old were you during the war? MM: How old was he? RG: I was going to ask how old you were during the warMM: I was 15, well now lets see.  In 41 I was 11 years old.  I was born in 1930.RG: DO you remember what life was like on the home front during the war?MM: Well, it was hard, but it wasn’t compared to what other countries went through.  They rationed.  Do you want to hear what they rationed at that time? RG: Sure yes.MM: We could not get nylon hose, and shoes was hard to find because of the leather they used, you know and they couldn’t kill horses.  I reckon they (unintelligible) shoes, I don’t know why, but anyway, you had to have a coupon to get shoes.  We got it seems like 2 coupons a year for shoes and sugar was rationed.  You had to have coupons to get thee ones, sugar and nylon hose and lets see what else, I forgot.  There were probably other things that were rationed but I can’t remember what it was.RG: And do you remember, were you able to get a lot of news about the war, were there letters or was a lot of it hard to find out about what was going on?MM: We couldn’t, we were poor people, farmers growing up and we didn’t get a newspaper and most of the time we had a radio and sometimes we were tenant farmers so we moved around from house to house and sometimes we wouldn’t have electricity so we didn’t always have a radio, but we did most of the time and that’s the way we got our news.RG: Tomorrow will mark the 75th anniversary of VE Day when the war was won in Europe, do you remember VE Day back in 1945. Can you tell me what you remember about that day or about that time?MM: Well, all that I can say is that is just very happy it was over and thankful that, we were just so happy that man had made it through that we knew that there was a lot that was killed, but we knew that my husband was stuck in these prison for 39 months. Now I didn’t know him at that time, I knew him after he got back home.RG: SO he was held a Japanese prisoner of war, did he ever talk about that?MM: No, not at all.  He didn’t talk about any of that.  You know they didn’t get therapy when they come home like they do now.  You know, if something happens to them they give them therapy, they just always told them just try to forget what had happened to them. And they just, I just hear different things, he was on Corregidor Island when he was captured and then a plane ride with their commander and he was captured near them.  DO you need all this?RG: No, this is wonderful.MM: Anyway, they stayed on that island and I’ve read, I’ve got a book on it, they ate everything, all the leaves off the trees and they ate all horses over there.  They were defending Pearl Harbor but they were on horses to get around on that island and they even had to kill the horses to eat them and they said one day about a mile from there they had ate the leaves off the trees, worms, every insect that they could find, any insects.  It was bad.RG: And you said he was held for 39 months.MM: uh huh. When he was liberated he weighed 105 pounds, he was 5 foot 10, probably he was mainly skin and bones.  Now the Japanese came in there and got him or got him captured and I don’t think they carried him by boat. How they got him to Formosa and I think they have changed the name of Formosa, now its something else.  Anyway, he just about starved to death.  But he didn’t hold it against them, the Japanese, because he said  they were starving to death too.  So, just something they had to go through withRG: What a kind person to be able to not hold it against someone like that, that’s really lovelyMM: Yeah, you have to forgive people and he thinks a lot of the Japanese people. He said they fought them, but they were just like what he did, they taught to do that, they had to kill and were taught to kill Americans and American were taught to kill them and they couldn’t blame the ones that was fighting. But he just didn’t talk about it, he just tried bury all that, what we got out of him, you usually had to pick it out of him, ask him questions.RG: I know that many of the men from World War 2 they didn’t want to talk about their experiences, which is why I appreciate you sharing what you know and what you remember.MM: Well, he just tried to keep it all to himself and it was the wrong thing to do.RG: We are doing this project to try to create some material for students and teachers this year, since this year marks the 75th anniversary of the end of the war and many of the commemorations aren’t going to take place because of the virus so is there anything you would want young people today to know about the war, to know about the men who served, or about what it was like in the country?MM: Well, it… I really don’t know how to put it into words, you just, every week you would hear of one of your neighbors children getting killed, their son and some of them would be in the navy and some in the army, some of them would go down on a ship and some just fighting and it was so sad, you know, for this to happen and all of us too we would get word that some of our neighbors son would get killed and we had a Christian teacher at that time and she would always have us stand and have prayer and it was, it was hard to know that those people that had given their lives.RG: Absolutely.  Well I’m so appreciative Miss Mona of your time, and of you speaking with me today.  I talked with your son yesterday and I know that your husband has passed on, and I’m sorry to hear that and it sounds to me like he was a real hero, so I really appreciate you talking today.MM: Well, I’m sorry I can’t give you… I forget things, some of its my age and some of it is just my head RG: Everything you shared with me is wonderful information and I think going to be very valuable to young people who maybe don’t have anybody in their family from this generation any more to talk to, so I really appreciate it.MM: Well, I appreciate you for doing this. -----THIRD INTERVIEW WITH WALDO BECK----WB: Hello?RG: Hi is this Mr. Beck? Hi this is Rebecca Grawl I’m with Free Tours by Foot, I wanted to talk to you about World War 2.WB: Yeah Donna told me you did. You know its interesting, she said you wanted to know about the end of the war, and I don’t know much about the end of the war in Europe, so I will tell you what I do know, whatever your questions are, but I was sitting out at El Centro, California waiting for orders to go to the South Pacific, and so we were more interested in the end of the Japanese conflict than the European conflict, although we were very excited when it happened, but we were not a part of the celebration, if that makes sense.RG: well that’s fine, I would love to hear about what the experience was like for you during the war.WB: You’d like to hear about what now?RG: Well, I’d like to hear about what your experience was likeWB: Oh, well, it was not exactly as I intended it, you know, I graduated from Corpus Christi in 44 and I thought I was going to ask for torpedo bombers and I don’t know what else, but instead of what I asked for, I got instructor duty so I spent the next year as a flight instructor at Bunker Hill, Indiana, and when I finished that they said: well you’ve forgotten everything you knew about operational aircraft so they sent me back to Pensacola and that’s when they put me in twin engines which was transports, mostly, AB wise and things like that so I ended  in a transport squadron in El Centro that had orders to go overseas to the Pacific when they dropped the bomb on Tokyo and so that put everything on hold and so we just sat there for a couple of months before they finally gave us orders to go home.  Which was interesting, but one of the interesting things that, when I was at Bunker Hill, the British did not have air superiority over the British Isles and so as a result they couldn’t train the young men to (unintelligible) and so what happened, they sent em over to us and so we had British cadets over at Bunker Hill and what we did is teach em to fly …. And then we sent em back to England and but put them in spit bus to go fight the Germans, and our bombers that were going over Germany.  I had several good friends that were flying B24s and B29s over Germany, bombing. And it was a long drawn out experience for all of us and all of us were hoping and praying that the thing would get over before we got wiped out, you know.  Another interesting thing that has nothing to do with me but we lived in Fredericksburg and I was at Hampton Sydney and I spent 2 years and then the draft was breathing down my throat and so I left and went to Washington and signed up for the navy flight training program.  But AP Hill which was a mammoth training ground in almost a whole county in Virginia right near Fredericksburg and the 29th division was maneuvering at AP Hill and I think I was at Hampton Sidney when it happened but mom and dad lived on College Avenue and they said that they released the entire division for a weekend R and R and Fredericksburg got completely wiped out of food, every restaurant was cleaned out, there was nothing to eat in the whole town and so my dad, who was with the chamber of commerce at the time, as well he’d had a bakery, but he and the mayor went down and talked to the commanding general and he promised him he would only let a battalion at a time come to Fredericksburg or get out on leave but that it was the whole town was just covered with soldiers.  (unintelligible) But anyway, I don’t know a lot about, we were all as happy as we could possibly be, but we were not a part of the celebration because we were all concerned with the Pacific war which if I remember correctly, was about six months later.RG: Yes sir, later that summer. WB: yeah anyway, it’s a lot of interesting memories, I tell ya.  I don’t know whether there is anything I could tell you that would be different or interesting.RG: Well, what you’ve told me already has been interesting, I actually went to college at Randolph Macon Women’s CollegeWB: So did my wife.RG: I know Hampton Sidney very wellWB: anyway, my wife, you may know her. My first wife went to Mary Washington and she died, we were married 40 years and then I married Joanne and she had gone to Randolph Macon in Lynchburg and ended up going University (unclear) Medical College and getting her PhD in microbiology, I think.  Anyway, I’m trying to think what year she was there, it would have been in the late 60s that she was at Randolph Macon.RG:  I graduated in 2007.WB: 2007, oh so you’re a kid, that’s interesting.  Well she’s also Randolph Macon, and some of her class are trying to get together this summer, I don’t know if it will happen.  Course, Hampton Sidney we met Randolph Macon girls all the time.RG: that was still the case when I was there, we went to Hampton Sidney for formals and mixers.WB: Yeah it was fun.  After the war I couldn’t go back to Hampton Sidney, cuz I was married and I had a kid, so back to college was out of the questions, so I never did graduate.  There are 3 things in my life that I think made an impact and one is the boy scouts and the second is Hampton Sidney and the third is the Marine Corps. Those are the 3 things that have reacted and helped me all my life.RG: Could you tell me a little bit about what it was like when you were in college but before you joined up, was there already rationing of food, was all the talk on campus about the war?WB: Rationing was a beginning, the heavy rationing was beginning about the time I left to go into the service which was…. 1941, maybe.  And rationing was already, my wife worked at the ration board and they issued little books of tickets, butter was rationed you could get a pound of butter about every couple weeks.  All meats were rationed and cigarettes were rationed, course nobody worries about that today, back then it was a pretty serious thing.  Gasoline was rationed, you couldn’t get but 5 gallons a week of gas and so there were just lots of things that were just rationed.  You had to have a little book, you got a coupon in the book you had to give the merchants the coupons in exchange for whatever you wanted.  See I was at Bunker Hill, Indiana and my wife’s aunt was a Lucky Strikes smoker, a heavy smoker and so she would send me a tinker toy, you know one of those little round tinker toy boxes full of cookies and it was just the perfect size for a carton of cigarettes and I would go to the exchange and buy cigarettes for something like a dollar twenty a carton, I think a pack is about triple that amount now.  I’d buy the cigarettes and stick them in the tinker toy box and send them back to her and so we had a good exchange going there for quite a while, I got cookies and she got cigarettes, but they were rationed and we didn’t have any problems at all getting stuff like that at the commissary and in the navy exchange, but everybody else was having a problem. RG: Did you have any flying experience before you joined up with the flight training?WB: No, no I didn’t.  As a matter of fact, I was concerned about my ability because I as a youngster, I had a tendency to get car sick and I was afraid that if I got started, but it was an option that I tackled you know, I didn’t want to be drafted and the opportunity came for me to join the navy air training program so I found out years later that as long as I was a pilot, if I was a passenger I still had a tendency to get a little woozy but as long as I was a pilot, I was ok so it was an interesting thing.  But anyway, you know in 1944 I was 14 years old and the world jamboree was in Bloomenthal, Holland for boy scouts, and I don’t know why they did but my mother and father worked to let me go and of course, there were no flights across the Atlantic then, there were only boats and so I went to New York on the train, our whole troop which was 22 boys from Richmond and Fredericksburg and we went to New York caught the Berengaria which was a five and a half day trip. To England and we spent the night in England, and the next day we took a little boat over to Holland where the jamboree was. Anyway and when we went after the jamboree we went into Germany and at that time you could see the effet of the German preparation because little kids, 14 and 15 years old were marching in the street and so it was inevitable, we knew what was going on.  That was in 1937.  But anyway it was an unbelievable trip for a 14, well all of the kids were 14, 15 years old in our troop.  But we had a great time, it was a wonderful experience. But that was before…RG: I’m sorry, I was just going to ask if you stayed in the service after the war in the pacific had ended?WB: Well, you know I got out of the Marine Corps after World War 2 and came home and about, 5, 6 years later, I got a registered letter.  The Marine Corps doesn’t discharge you, they release you from active duty, but no I did have to go back and the same squadron and everything.RG: So a lot of the men you went back with, same squadron, they had also served in World War 2 or been active in World War 2?WB: Yes. And I spent three more years and then I joined the reserve unit when I got home after that and so I got 26 years, which allowed me to get a little bit of retirement income from the Marine Corps, which is great.RG: Have you had a chance to come to DC and see the Marine Corps Memorial?WB: I’ve seen the one at QuanticoRG: Oh excellent.WB: yeah its Quantico, its just off US 95, I haven’t been to Washington for a long time.RG: Well, I appreciate you taking the time to talk to me, Mr. Beck, is there anything else you would want to share, we are hoping to share this with students, young people so they can maybe understand World War 2 a little better, so is there anything else you’d like to share with me?WB: You know, I think the thing that young people should realize that its just everything isn’t easy and you know everything is not a piece of cake.

If you're an Abe Lincoln history buff, this is the episode for you! Rob is joined by Rebecca Grawl, a local tour guide, and history to talk all about Abe Lincoln Historic Sites in Washington, DC. Rebecca is a veteran tour guide with Free Tours by Foot and A Tour of Her Own. One of her favorite tours to lead is the Abraham Lincoln Assassination Tour in the neighborhood around Ford's Theater. Full show notes for this episode are available on the Trip Hacks DC website. 

Join Ross and Cullen in Part 2 of our I'm free Sydney tour  Listen in and read along with part 2 of our tour through Sydney with Ross and Cullen and then answer the questions below to either test your memory, your English, or both. https://forms.gle/6FBzYXe3Uh8DaQF77 Ross: You can see across Hyde Park, the big some areas, cathedral.  Now it's the second version of it. They started one in 1821. Unfortunately, it burnt down soon afterward. So they started this one in 1868, but they didn't finish it until 16 years ago. So it's about 130 years to get it all built. They wanted it finished off for the 2000 Olympics. A view across to the Cathedral with animal art making its way through the park  looking for an Ark.   Cullen: Thanks for joining me, Cullen here, we are about to kick off in part two about our with Ross, from www.imfree.com.au and we're making our way now towards the cathedral.    And then we're going to swing around towards Hyde Park and the Greek mythological figures. And we learn a little bit there about Sydney's early convict beginnings.   And then from there, we end up in the most magnificent lookout point towards Sydney Harbour.  So let's jump straight into it.   Ross: As this is all originally the edge of the township. This area was the site of the markets, but by 1898 they wanted something more formal and official for the market.    So they built this big grand Romanesque-style building, which you can see around us. The problem was the design of the building didn't work very well as a market. So right through its history, it had a number of different functions.  In one instance, it was proposed to be demolished entirely and replaced by car parking.   And thankfully that didn't happen in 1986, a Malaysian company took control of the building, restored it to what we can say to the state. That said, there are a few interesting and odd things around the building, in particular, the clocks.    So you might have noticed one as we came in, now hiding behind the sign. There's also a similar one, same spot down the other end of the building. Ross: It shows scenes some Australian history with, but this one shows scenes from British history.  So if you go up onto level two on the hour every hour, you can see beheadings of King Charles the first. And the whole head rolls off and everything.  It's a bit weird. Also, on the second level in the middle is a letter from Queen Elizabeth the second to Sydneysiders, which is nice, but we haven't opened it yet, and we're not meant to open it until 2085. So I don't like my chances of being around to hear that one read out and she could have written anything, but I get the feeling it's still going to be pretty........, but we'll have to wait and see ……. It was written in 1986 the idea is that it not be open for 99 years, so we get to keep waiting for me or that you can head around the corner here as we do  Look up at the dome above. It's really pretty. Ross: It was in this area, had our first official horse races. You don't find horses here anymore.  It's a place for people to escape from this city. Have picnics and a place for the big white birds with the big white beaks.  They seem to be avoiding us a little bit at the moment.  The Australian white ibis (Threskiornis Molucca) is a wading bird of the ibis family. In recent years has become an icon of popular culture, being regarded "with passion and wit,   You can see someone chasing one over there, uh, for them to steal your picnic.  So watch out for that one.  It's also, for part of our out and about art festival, which is on at the moment. Ross: it's all about getting art out into the streets rather than just in museums and galleries.  So that's what all the photographs we just wandered by.  They're all photographs that are meant to represent an Australian life, interesting elements of Australian life.    But there's an extension to that exhibition over in the diagonally opposite corner of Hyde Park, which is exactly the same all photographs about Australian life except they're taken by children. So it's cool to see their, uh, views on things.    But you can see across Hyde Park, the big St Mary's cathedral.  Now it's the second version of it. They started one in 1821. Unfortunately, it burnt down soon afterward.  So they started this one in 1868, but they didn't finish it until 16 years ago. It took them about 130 years to get it all built.  They wanted it finished off for the 2000 Olympics.   A view across to the Cathedral with animal art making its way through the park  looking for an Ark.   Ross: If you're interested in cathedrals, that can be one to have a wander around inside shows a strong Irish Catholic heritage in the early colony. Other Way beside us, he can say he's fountain, which is known as the Archibald fountain.    Now the thing that confuses me about it is it's meant to show Australia and France's ties and connections during world war one, but the artist has used Greek mythological figures to show off this fact.    Nonetheless, it's a beautiful fountain, a popular place for wedding photographs.  The story behind the fountain is it was donated to Sydney by a man named JF Archibald.    So JF Archibald was a fairly important person here in Sydney as he created a popular current affairs magazine known as the bulletin.    He was, however, also a character. He was a Francophile.    He absolutely loved France so much, so he changed his name from John Feltham,    to Jules Francois, and he went with a Bere and French, mustache, and everything.   Ross: Hence we end up with a fountain which is meant to show ties to the French, but whilst we're here in the quiet of Hyde park, I'll run through Sydney's history in six or seven minutes.    So tune in or out depending on your level of interest.    In 1770 the Englishman, a captain cook, sailed up the East coast of Australia. The Dutch sailed up the West coast in 1616, but we'd like to forget about that part.    Around that time, London's jails were full of convicts and prisoners.    Art in the park dazzles in the daylight of the cranes among the trees in Hyde Park The American war of independence meant they couldn't keep shipping them over there anymore.  They had to come up with somewhere new. So eventually, it was decided upon new South Wales or as it became Sydney.    So on the 26th of January, 1788, the first fleet of ships arrived here in Sydney with 700 convicts, 700 other people that said they only managed to beat a number of French ships by four days.   Ross: So we could have had a completely different history.    The other thing was they thought the land was completely uninhabited.    In actual fact, it was inhabited by the Gadigal tribe of Australian native Aborigines.    They'd been around for at least the past 30,000 years. So at first, there was some curiosity and interest, but then there were violent attacks and outbreaks of disease, which largely decimated the Australian native Aboriginal population.    So much so, unfortunately, they only represent one and a half percent of Sydney's population to this day.    So during those first few years, the colonies started to grow as a convict colony.    A couple of years after Sydney was founded, 75% of the population were convicts, so you can understand it wasn't a very law-abiding society.    The other issue they had was that of food and famine. There were reliant on most of their food coming out on ships from England. These ships are very often wrecked or lost at sea.   Ross: So in 1790 when a ship known as the Lady Juliana, came out with 220 women and not very much food, the largely male-dominated society at the time complained at this,   By 1792 free settlers started coming out here. Farming started to work. Sydney started to prosper by the 1840s they stopped sending convicts to the East coast of Australia. Guessing 150,000 was about enough.    Then by 1851, we had the first of a number of gold rushes, which really helped Sydney to prosper, but also helped Melbourne to prosper and hence sparked off the debate between the two cities as to who is more important, which hasn't finished yet.    So in 1901 the six States of Australia came together as a Federation under the coin. This was when the debate between the two cities was most aggressive because it had to be  decided who would be the capital of this new country Australia. Ross: Sydney was like, well, we're here first. We have the most heritage and old buildings.    Clearly, we should be the capital.   Melbourne was were young, were more hip, and European, where the biggest at the time where you should be the capital.   The two cities, we're both so stubborn. They fought so aggressively. They had to build a whole new city in between the two of them.    Canberra.    That said, Melbourne was the capital for the first 26 years because that's how long it took us to build Canberra.    But war has come to Sydney in the form of infiltrations and thinkings, but these days Sydney as a focus of world events, rugby world cup, Sydney Olympics, but I'll give you brains at rest, and we'll head this way out of Hyde Park.   Ross: You can see where we are standing where we started back at the town hall, the long thin queen Victoria building with all the little green dots on the roof.    Then we headed up pass Sydney tower, which pokes up above everything else there over into Hyde Park.    You can see the triangular area of greenery and grass.    That was the domain which I mentioned from the hospital hanging off the edge of the model is the new South Wales art gallery as well.    We headed down through Martin place past the round Australia square building and were now directly opposite this middle Wharf over the road, way behind in that little square building with two orange lines on the roof. That's custom house.    So from here, we'll head around into the rocks, which is the oldest surviving part of Sydney.    So the model obviously goes from the Harbor bridge, opera house, circular Quay, all they back down the other end to central station, but you can also see to this side, this area of water, which is known as Darling Harbor, which for want of a better way of explaining it. Sort of a touristy precinct has our wildlife, Sydney and sea life, Sydney aquarium, and the point beneath me here and directly across the water; you can see the curved roofs and the two walls of the national maritime museum as well.    Also, they have free fireworks in darling Harbor at 8:30 PM on Saturday nights. So it could be worth checking out tonight if you want to.    The other thing to mention about tonight's that our clock's jump forward by an hour tonight.  Date.  Yes. So you'll get one less hours late tonight — sorry guys.   Ross: Um, but yeah, also, it can be kind of hard to photograph because of the reflection. If you really want a picture of it, they have three postcards, but we can continue back at down here.   Cullen: And great to have you with us joining us are on that snapshot as we walked around Sydney on the most beautiful day and really giving some insights into that tour.    And of course, you can get more details from I'm free. www.imfree.com.au, and you can tell we were there as we were going through the change of daylight savings. And so a lot of people had been out the night before. It was, yeah, it was kind of interesting.   Anyway, look, um, I guess one of the other things that it's important to know is that a really Ross and many of his guides are out there sort of rain, hail, thunder sun. The sun will shine and a really every day, and there's no need to book. Um, this is the perfect place where you can just turn up sort shortly, shortly before,  the tour starts, and you can find your local guide there in a bright green t-shirts.   So anyway, with that, we are also going to add in our memory test As a form inside this podcast.   Cullen: For those of our listeners want to test, test the memory,  And or there comprehension if English is your second language and you can get more details on more podcasts at eattmag.com Thanks for joining us it's great to have you.  Thank you, everybody, for your four and five-star reviews on iTunes and Stitcher and Spreaker.  It's really a great, the whole team is very, um, wrapped whenever that happens.  We just wanted to say that. And of course, you can join us for our next podcast is we continue a journey around Australia. And please don't forget to click the link inside this podcast so you can see the images that we took during the day as well. All right. We'll catch you in the next one, cheers.  Join us in part one of the podcast with Ross and Cullen. https://eattmag.com/join-cullen-in-part-one-of-the-im-free-sydneys-sight-seeing-tour/  Group bookings can be made at least 24 hours in advance. Groups of 10 or more can register with www.imfree.com.au at least 24 hours in advance.  To maintain the quality of our regularly scheduled tours, the I'm Free tour team will need to organize you a separate private tour.  And full terms and conditions can be found on the I'm Free Tours private tours https://www.imfree.com.au/sydney/private-tours/ web page. WHEELCHAIRS: The Sydney Sights tour is wheelchair friendly. Find out more about I'm Free tours in both Sydney and Melbourne and  https://www.imfree.com.au/aboutus/ More travel podcasts can also be found here https://eattmag.com/travel/ Loading…  

Guruwalk es un marketplace de Free Tours, es decir, un portal en el que guías turísticos y viajeros pueden conectar para realizar visitas de libre pago (vamos, basado en propinas). Juan Castillo, CEO y fundador de la empresa, está seguro de que su mercado es monopolístico y que para sobrevivir, Guruwalk tiene que convertirse en dominador. En este podcast, Bernat Farrero (CEO de Itnig) y Pablo Hernández (Brand Manager de Factorial) entran a conversar sobre temas como la monetización de los Free Tours, los retos y competencia de Guruwalk y mucho más. Video: https://youtu.be/X6S-Tk-IimE Suscríbete al canal: https://cutt.ly/itnigyt

Join Cullen in part one of the I'm Free Sydney's Sight Seeing tour. Check out our new memory test below for this episode 2020. Cullen and the team meet Ross at the beginning of an entertaining and informative tour in part one of our podcast tour through the center of Sydney. The I'm Free walking tour is warmly primed with the best stories, insights, and tips throughout the heart of the city.  Enjoying the stories on The, I'm Free Tour Sydney Covering local transport, activities, restaurants, and bars to give you a sense of place in the same way the locals like Ross and his tour team do. During the easy-walking 2½-3 hour tour, we uncover some of Sydney's hidden history and explore the sites of Australia's most famous city under the guiding light of our friendly tour guide.  The I'm Free Sydney tour guides give a series of well-crafted insights into the people, places, and events of this sun-blessed city. Rain, Hail, thunder or Shine, Ross's I'm Free Tours walk every day. Stories abound on the I'm Free Tour Sydney And with no need to book, this is the perfect place to turn up shortly after your arrival in Sydney and find your local guide in a bright green T-shirt. Perfect for an update on upcoming events, art, restaurants, and of course, those hidden bars and noodle shops to help you better enjoy your time in Sydney just like a local. Ross joins Cullen and the team this morning at Sydney's Town Hall with the opening of the tour, exploring Sydney's remarkable beginning and development. Some of the convict colony stories might surprise you like the opening of the tour that digs deep beneath your feet of Sydney's Town Hall, revealing some of its hidden stories beneath the stonework. Tours start out at 10:30 am and 2:30 pm every day from the Sydney Town Hall Square. With no need to book, you'll easily find your guide wearing a bright green "I'm Free" T-shirt on George St between Sydney Town Hall and St Andrew's Cathedral. One of the many places visited on the I'm Free Tour in Sydney Group bookings can be made at least 24 hours in advance  Groups of 10 or more can register with www.imfree.com.au at least 24 hours in advance.  To maintain the quality of our regularly scheduled tours, the I'm Free tour team will need to organize you a separate private tour.  And full terms and conditions can be found on the I'm Free Tours private tours https://www.imfree.com.au/sydney/private-tours/ web page. WHEELCHAIRS: The Sydney Sights tour is wheelchair friendly. Find out more about I'm Free tours in both Sydney and Melbourne and  https://www.imfree.com.au/aboutus/ and stay tuned to join us for part two of our Sydney Sights tour on the EATT Magazine podcast. And join us for more travel podcasts here  https://eattmag.com/travel/  

Episode 37 - New York City Colleen & Catie's Picks for New York City Colleen Best/worst times to travel to NYC? Best: The winter months (Jan – March) and late summer (July – August) are the least busy times and cheaper times to visit. Worst: The time between Thanksgiving and New Years Eve What airport does Colleen recommend? LaGuardia - To get from LaGuardia to your hotel, for $2.75 you can take Bus Q70 Limited to Jackson Heights-Roosevelt Ave Subway Station, then another $2.75 to take the subway from there (about 2 hours). There’s also shuttle services offered starting at $19. Accommodations: The Moxy NYC Times Square - Prime location to plenty of shopping, food, attractions. It’s also a decent price, starting around $130 per room. Restaurant: The Moxy - Great breakfast and free coupons! Tips for Getting Around: Take the subway or local bus for $2.75. For traveling to NYC, we recommend: 7-Day Unlimited Pass for $32.00. Good for unlimited subway and local bus rides until midnight, 7 days from day of first use. It can also be refilled if you want to extend your stay. Money saving tip: Take in the view with a drink rather than paying for a pricey ticket up to the viewing platforms. Since a lot of famous buildings also have bars, it’ll be cheaper to buy a drink at one than pay for a ticket. Catie Best time to book flights for a trip to NYC? Flights booked in January and February are estimated to be the cheapest in 2019 (14% off the average ticket price for the year). Avoid booking in June, where prices seem to be the highest compared to the other months. It’s also best to book your flight one month in advance. Accommodations: The Lotte New York Palace - Located in Midtown Manhattan, also features suites, a spa and a beautiful location, complete with a courtyard. Restaurant: Old Tbilisi - Georgian Restaurant in Greenwich Village Tips for Getting to and from the Airports: The AirTrain - Only $8 for JFK to Manhattan, or $13 for Newark into Penn station. Remember that taking cabs from the airports into New York do involve pricey tolls! Tips for Traveling to NYC? Don’t stay in Times Square or Rockefeller Center if you can help it. Go see them and take photos, but don’t stay there. Explore other parts of New York City - Check out Lower Manhattan and take a stroll across the Brooklyn Bridge or head to the Bronx or Queens to see a baseball game. Shop and do lunch in Soho! "What's" with the "Trip Sisters" What’s in Your Suitcase? AirPods - Apple Wireless Headphones $159 - www.Apple.com AirPods simply connect with your iPhone and Apple Watch, offer up to 5 hours of listening time with one charge, and even detect when AirPods are in your ear, so they only play when you are ready to listen. Great for traveling or on long plane rides! What’s on your phone? NYC Ferry Service App by Hornblower Free on Android and iPhone - Allows you to buy tickets, view ticketing information, ferry schedules, and explore route options in NYC. Time Out - New York Free on Android or iPhone - Trip planner app that you can use for any major city you’re visiting to help you find places to visit in customised locations, and plan your trip around the best events and activities. What’s the tip? Saving money in NYC • Check the NYC attractions to see if it is required to print tickets if you pre-book online. • Check the websites of museums you plan to visit and see whether they offer any free or reduced-price admission days. • Join free walking tours of New York led by locals. The two most well known are Big Apple Greeters and Free Tours by Foot. Be sure to book your spot in advance. • Skip the touristy (and pricey) harbor cruises and take the Staten Island Ferry instead for fantastic views of New York Harbor. The free ferry runs between Whitehall and Staten Island. • The Downtown Boathouse offers free 20-minute kayaking tours on the Hudson on the weekends (May – Oct)

Join us for an 18-minute travel talk with Rebecca on today's episode of the Women Traveling Solo Together podcast!   What better way to explore and enjoy a city than through the eyes of a local? As most travelers are budget-conscious, free travel tours or free walking tours has now become popular. Our guest for today is Rebecca, a representative from Free Tours by Foot. A platform for licensed, local, freelance tour guides to lead tours for low cost or even free! When you go to a city for the first time, it’s advisable to take a walking tour to the areas where you’re going and will be staying for a short while. Tour guides are experts - “travel gurus” as Rebecca describes it. They not only inform you of the cities history but also make you feel at home!   Key Takeaways: What is the Free Tour Movement and how it works The Free Tour Model How this model is creating a lifestyle anyone could truly enjoy Public & Private Tours   Mentioned in This Episode: Free Tours by Foot Things To Do In DC Youtube Channel Women-Traveling.com Women Traveling Together on Facebook Email: wttmail@women-traveling.com   Share your story! If you have solo travel stories you'd like to share, or topics you'd like to hear more about, email us at wttmail@WomenTraveling.com   Leave a Review: Did you like this episode? Please leave an honest review with your feedback! Also, please subscribe to get notified when a new episode gets released. I appreciate your listening to this week’s show. And tune in next week for more conversations with trip leaders and travellers.   Coming Next Time: Our next episode, we'll hear tips on how to overcome your hesitation for traveling internationally.

Para despedir este año, aquí os dejamos el segundo aperitivo de cara a la nueva temporada que comenzaremos en enero 2019. Esta vez nos vamos de tour turístico por Colonia y, como se suele hacer en esta época, recorremos algunos de los mercados de navidad más conocidos de la ciudad. ¡ Feliz Navidad a todos y feliz año!

Join us for a 19-minute travel talk with Julie and Gari on today's episode of the Women Traveling Solo Together podcast! Should I bring my water bottle? How to pack efficiently when traveling? What else should I bring? What’s the best spot to sit on the plane? These are just some of the most common questions travelers ponder on when they travel. In today’s episode, we have a combination of guests who are both tour leaders and flight attendants! Julie and Gari both share their personal and professional insights on how to maximize not only your travel experience but also your in-flight experience. Flight attendants are like tour guides says Gari, tell us your needs and we can help you get through it. Flying is super stressful and it sometimes makes people nervous to fly. But rest assured that flight stewardess like Gary and Julie are always happy to provide service and help.   Key Takeaways: Alleviating solo travelers anxiety Travel tips for better flight travel from the perspective of a Flight Attendant How you as a traveler can help when things are not quite going right Self-care tips necessary for a comfortable flight experience   Mentioned in This Episode: WTT Ep 22 - Navigating Airports Women-Traveling.com Women Traveling Together on Facebook Email: wttmail@women-traveling.com   Share your story! If you have solo travel stories you'd like to share, or topics you'd like to hear more about, email us at wttmail@WomenTraveling.com   Leave a Review: Did you like this episode? Please leave an honest review with your feedback! Also, please subscribe to get notified when a new episode gets released. I appreciate your listening to this week’s show. And tune in next week for more conversations with trip leaders and travellers.   Coming Next Time: Our next episode shares insights from a tour guide with Free Tours by Foot as she shares how a free walking tour works and why you should consider adding this to your next itinerary.

Carlos from Take Algarve Carlos runs regular tours around Faro through his company Take Algarve. Listen to his story.   Show notes Carlos tells us the story of the place we are conducting the interview: Café Aliança (officially called Café Alliança Cervejaria) in Faro. Carlos was born in Faro but lived in Spain and Poland and we talk about the differences between Faro now and the Faro of his youth: the University and the airport. The people have changed, they used to play football in the streets and now all the kids are plugged into their electronic devices, which is probably the same the world over. Many of the people in the downtown area are tourists. Free Tours in Faro and the concept of free tours. Take Algarve True Tours. I love this: "Some people call it Algarve. We call it home." Carlos and his competition started up in the same month, so they are both labelled as "the original Faro Tour". Breaking down his tour of Faro. From Café Aliança and moving into the old town and the history of Faro. See also our podcast on Algarve History. The railway as a barrier to the Ria Formosa and Faro as a city that has turned it's back on the sea. In contradiction we talk about plans for a development near the container terminal. We talk about events and the Jardim Manuel Bivar or the Jardim das Docas. We talk about the football world cup and crazily you can hear a game going on in the background. Also Hotel Eva rooftop pool parties! Baixa Street Fest in July and August every Friday night. Castle Beer Factory Teatro Lethes Restaurants in Faro: Carlos' favourites. Restaurant Travessa Moinhos do Grelha Cafés in Faro Baixa Café Café Alliança (of course!) Eme Café Nautico Café Lab Terrace Café The Hotel Rooftop bars as we discussed earlier.  

If you are a new listener to this award-winning podcast, welcome! With over 40 years of teaching between us, we'll help you improve your English and take it to the next level. In this episode: The top ten things to do when you go to London Más podcasts para mejorar tu ingles en: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  More podcasts to improve your English at: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  Listener Feedback: Thank you to Javier for the ham and sweet potato pastries. T-shirt to Elisa for voice message on 100th episode and continued support We're going to London in June for the New Media Podcast Awards. Reza was 'gutted' (very disappointed) last year because he couldn't go. This year he's going and we really want to wind an award for Audience Appreciation. Please nominate us for the award on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mansioningles/ Maybe you need to click 'More Options' to see our podcast 'Aprender Inglés con Reza y Craig' The Top Ten Things To Do In London 1. Take the Tour bus Hop-on, Hop-off ( http://www.hop-on-hop-off-bus.com/london-bus-tours?rmsrc=1&_$ja=tsid:36801|cid:84561677|agid:3254651717|tid:kwd-575308100|crid:74449058957|nw:g|rnd:17010139799610906521|dvc:c|adp:1t3&gclid=CjwKEAjw6sC5BRCogcaY_dKZ2nESJABsZihxnh1rMbQv-z-4HfLbzTLx48xSgGSzSUv6sismqITnRhoC3U7w_wcB ) 1 day 28 euros bus + boat combo 38 euros guide in different languages 9am - 5.30pm (summer) 2. Have lunch in a London Pub The 10 best London pubs for food: ( http://www.thedailymeal.com/travel/10-best-london-pubs-food ) Sunday roasts - lunch not dinner Around 7,000 pubs in the London area try real ale. Pay for the drinks at the bar. Buy rounds. It's not custonmary to tip the barstaff 3. Have a picnic in Hyde Park Not far from Buckingham Palace (Tube: Hyde Park Corner) You can visit the state rooms in Buckingham palace: ( https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/visit/buckinghampalace/plan-your-visit/how-to-get-there ) Hyde Park Corner (Piccadilly line) Knightsbridge (Piccadilly line) Queensway (Central line) Lancaster Gate (Central line) Marble Arch (Central line) Speaker's corner and The Serpentine lake Also Green Park (Green Park Tube) Have tea at the Ritz! St.James's Park: (St James's Park Tube / Westminster) - Prettiest Park Kensington gardens (next to Hyde Park): (High Street Kensington Tube) Regent's Park - famous for roses and landscaping. Originally Henry Vlll's hunting grounds: Baker Street / Great Portland Street Tube 4. London Eye Fast Track: 28 pounds or buy a combo ticket. Book in advance ( https://www.londoneye.com/ ) Open 10am until 9.30pm Closest tube: Waterloo station. Near Westminster Bridge on the South Bank. 5. Covent Garden Tube: Covent Garden Open Mon-Fri 10am - 8pm Sat 9am-8pm Sun. Midday-6pm Pubs after work, market, street performers, shelter from the rain, ballet. Close to Leicester Square and Soho Italki ad read: Effective, Quality (fastest way to become fluent, great teachers, 1­on­1) Native, International (native speakers) Convenient (learning at home, technology) Affordable (cut out the middlemen, great pricing) Personal, Customized (personalized learning) Human Connection (not apps / software) Italki gives 100 italki credits (ITC) to each paying student that registers. inglespodcast.com/italki/ - click on ‘start speaking – find a teacher’ We want to say thank you to italki for sponsoring Aprender Inglés con Reza y Craig   6. Visit The British Museum. A huge collection from around the world. It’s free. ( http://www.britishmuseum.org/system_pages/homepage-experiments/8-support-the-museum.aspx?e=8&utm_expid=58524307-0.A2aqN-2GSXSlctAnOitE8A.8&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.es%2F ) 7. Go on a literary tour. eg. Follow the footsteps of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, Charles Dickens, etc. Gerry Rafferty – Baker Street https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2j7uAimpx3k London walks and literary tours: http://www.walks.com/standalone/literary_london_walks/default.aspx Free Tours by Foot: http://www.freetoursbyfoot.com/literary-london-self-guided-tour/ 8. According to Reza’s parents, Horniman Museum. (http://www.horniman.ac.uk/about) Reza hasn’t been yet, but plans to. They’ve always raved about its quirkiness and it’s free. A lesser-known gem. How to get around the city: walking - the tube/underground (Oyster card cheaper than a travel card - Tube, DLR, MBNA Thames Clippers river bus service, London Overground and most National Rail services in London. 3 pounds (non-refundable) have special offers for tourists and promotions. You can add more credit. Normal oyster cards cost 5 pounds (refundable) ( http://www.visitlondon.com/traveller-information/getting-around-london/oyster?ref=mosaic#RscIe3vcbwMebLH1.97 ) A one day off-peak travel card (by zones) after 9.30 Mon-Fri, all day sat and Sun. Time Out London: ( http://www.timeout.com/london ) Trip Advisor: ( https://www.tripadvisor.es/ ) destinoreinounido.com - Beatriz Ramírez: ( http://www.inglespodcast.com/2015/10/14/mansion-interviews-beatriz-ramirez-from-destinoreinounido-com/ ) ...and now it's your turn to practise your English. Do you have a question for us or an idea for a future episode? Send us a voice message and tell us what you think: www.speakpipe.com/inglespodcast Have you been to London? What was it like? Did you have a positive experience? Were the Londoners freindly? Send us an email with a comment or question to craig@inglespodcast.com or belfastreza@gmail.com. If you would like more detailed shownotes, go to https://www.patreon.com/inglespodcast $9.60 per month - We need $100 Our 9 lovely sponsors are: Lara Arlem Zara Heath Picazo Mamen Juan Leyva Galera sara Jarabo Corey Fineran from Ivy Envy Podcast Rafael Daniel Contreras Aladro Manuel Tarazona On next week's episode: The London Accent and Cockney Rhyming Slang   Más podcasts para mejorar tu ingles en: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  More podcasts to improve your English at: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  The music in this podcast is by Pitx. The track is called 'See You Later'

Princeton and UC Berkeley trained chemist Delia Milliron is the Deputy Director of the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley Lab. In part one, Delia explains Nano Science and Technology. She talks about her research with nanocrystals to make thin films. foundry.lbl.govTranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next. Speaker 2: Mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Speaker 3: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome [00:00:30] to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 4: Good afternoon. My name is Brad Swift. I'm the host of today's show. Today is part one of a two part interview with Delia Mil Iron, the deputy director of the Lawrence Berkeley national lab molecular foundry, [00:01:00] Delia mill iron is a chemist. She received her undergraduate degree from Princeton and her phd from UC Berkeley. Delia leads a research group at the molecular foundry which has recently spun off a startup named heliotrope technologies for group is a partner in the newly announced Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, a multistate department of energy research hub focused on developing transformative new battery technology. Delios group was recently awarded a $3 million grant [00:01:30] by the Department of Energy Advanced Research projects, agency dash energy by e for her work on smart window technologies onto the interview. Delia mill iron. Welcome to spectrum. Speaker 5: Thank you.Speaker 4: I suspect that most of our listeners have heard of nanoscience but don't have a lot of perspective on the detail. Would you explain what makes nanoscience and nanotechnology unique? Speaker 5: Sure, [00:02:00] so nano science is about investigating how the properties of matter change sometimes quite dramatically when we structure them on the nanometers scale, which is really the molecular scale. So in a sense it's quite related to chemistry, but it's about materials and matter and how their behavior is very different than what you'd expect from macroscopic pieces of material. Would you like some examples? [00:02:30] Sure. An example would be great. Okay. A classic example is to look at the optical properties or just the visible appearance of gold and everyone knows, of course, when gold is macroscopic, it's shiny and it's yellowish and we're very used to that form of gold. When you make gold in the form of nanoparticles, the things that are, let's say between five and 50 nanometers across [00:03:00] or containing a few thousand atoms per particle, then the gold no longer looks either yellow or shiny. In fact, you can make stable dispersion or solution of gold at that scale in water. And it appears translucent and red in color. And this effect of Nano scaling and gold has been used to color artistic objects for centuries, but we've only recently become to systematically [00:03:30] understand the science of how these sorts of properties can change so dramatically when we make materials in the nanoscale. Speaker 4: So the actual doing of it has been done for a long time, but the understanding is what's more recent and then the ability to recreate Speaker 5: and the ability to control and deliberately manipulate. Yes. So there are plenty of instances of incidental or almost accidental creation of nanoscale materials and [00:04:00] utilization of these nanoscale effects on properties. But the science of it is about systematically correlating the structure and composition and materials to their properties. And then the nanotechnology or the engineering of of nanoscale materials is about deliberately controlling those properties to create new functional things, objects, devices and so on that we can use for useful things all around us. Speaker 4: And what are some of the common things [00:04:30] that we find nano technology in in our daily lives? Speaker 5: As with any new technology. The first applications are fairly pedestrian in some sense and don't require the most exquisite control over the materials. So one that's quite common is to use metal oxide nanocrystals. Typically things like zinc oxide or titanium oxide in sunblock. These materials absorb UV radiation to [00:05:00] protect our skin from damage from UV. But because they're at the nano scale, instead of looking white, it can be clear. And so it's just that ugly, much more pleasing to put on some block that then appears clear, but still does the job of blocking UV radiation. So this doesn't require a very fine control over the details of the structure or the size of the material. It's only important that the scale of the oxide particles be well below the wavelength [00:05:30] of light, and that's what makes it clear. So it's a very simple use, but nonetheless, very practical and helpful. Speaker 4: What are you finding are the challenges of working with nanoscale material? Speaker 5: It's all about taking that control to the next level. Chemists have learned for a long time how to manipulate atoms and create bonds and put them together into small molecules. Now we're working with structures of [00:06:00] a somewhat larger length scale and wanting to control different aspects of the composition and structure. So there are no ready solutions for deliberately arranging the atoms into let's say a five nanometer crystal with precision, um, in order to generate the properties that you'd like or again, just understand them frankly. So both the creation of materials with precise control and detailed understanding of what their structure is are still very [00:06:30] big challenges. Of course conventional microscopy methods don't extend very well to these small length scales. So there's a need for new characterization approaches. And then as I said, the chemical methods for making molecules and small molecular systems likewise don't necessarily translate to the slightly bigger scale that is nanometer length scale of these materials. Speaker 5: So we need a innovations on all sides, making new materials, new ways to look at them and characterize [00:07:00] them. And then finally the third piece is the theory that helps understand their properties and predict new properties. Again, it's sort of an awkward in between lanes scale where atomic detail matters, but larger scale aspects of how the materials come together matters as well. And that's very difficult to approach with computational methods, so we're seeing the frontier of nanoscience is pushing scientists from all different disciplines to advance their tools and their techniques [00:07:30] in order to really take advantage of what can be done at that landscape. Speaker 4: Okay. Speaker 6: Delia mill iron is our guest. She is the deputy director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory molecular foundry. She is a chemist working at the nanoscale. You are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. Speaker 4: You've talked about the meter. Yes. Is that a new form of measurement and how does it relate to anything [00:08:00] else? How do we reflect on an nanometre? Sure, Speaker 5: so it's not a new measure. It's simply a meter times 10 to the minus ninth that's what what Nano means and a more conventional measure on that lane scale might be an Angstrom, which is a traditional measure. It's one order of magnitude smaller than an animator, but to put it in more practical terms, I like to think of the Nano crystals that I work with, for example, which are about five nanometers across, [00:08:30] are about a million times smaller than an ant. So that for me gives me a sort of practical reference point as a chemist. It also makes sense to me to think of a five nanometer crystal as containing about a thousand atoms, but atoms are not necessarily a easy to understand lane skill for everybody. So the the ant is maybe a more common reference point, what natural materials have been created and what about them makes them [00:09:00] more promising than another depending on the realm of properties that you examine. Speaker 5: Promising has all sorts of different meanings, right? So things like semiconductor nano wires or perhaps graphene or carbon nanotubes may be considered promising for new electronic materials because the transport of electrons through these structures can proceed quite unimpeded and move very [00:09:30] readily so that we could have fast electronics or very conductive transparent thin films to replace the things we use today in our flat panel displays and so on. Other nano materials are very promising for diagnostics of different kinds of diseases or even for therapy of different kinds of health issues. So there are biological probes being developed that can be directed into specific areas [00:10:00] of your body. For example, where a tumor site is located using a nanoscale magnet and then they also carry a payload of drugs that can then be released specifically at that site. So you could have targeted therapies. So these sort of multifunctional nano constructs are very interesting. Speaker 5: I would say promising in the long run for for new targeted therapies, I have many fewer side effects than these broad spectrum drugs that we commonly use today. In terms of coming up [00:10:30] with new nanomaterials, is it as often the case that you are trying to create something for a specific purpose or that you accidentally find something that has a characteristic that can be applied pretty widely or to a specific use? I think that much of Nano materials research is motivated by the investigation and discovery of new phenomenon. And I distinguish that from targeted application [00:11:00] focused development because it's often unclear what a new material or it's phenomenological characteristics will actually be useful for. In my lab. Uh, we do tend to think of practical connections, but then the ones that we ultimately realize could be very different from the one that motivated us at the outset of the project. So I think as a scientist it's important to be attuned [00:11:30] for surprising opportunities to apply materials in ways you didn't anticipate. And so you have to be aware of the needs that are out there, the big needs in society, basically paying attention for how the phenomena you're discovering might map onto these societal needs. You probably as a scientist, not going to able to take Speaker 5: a new discovery all the way through to a practical application. But if you don't at [00:12:00] least identify those connections, it will be difficult for engineers and industry to take your discoveries and turn them into practical applications. So there's a role on both sides to make that connection. Speaker 4: [inaudible] you are the deputy director of the molecular foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Tell us about the foundry and the work going on there. Speaker 5: So the molecular foundry is a very special place. It's one of five department of energy funded [00:12:30] nanoscale science research centers, which are located around the country. And we have the mission of pushing the forefront of nanoscience broadly defined, so nanoscience in all different aspects while at the same time acting as a user facility to help others in the scientific community, be they academic researchers, industry, others at national labs move the science in their areas forward by leveraging the tools of nanoscience. [00:13:00] So it in effect, it becomes this amazing hub of activity and nanoscience where people from really all around the world are coming to us to leverage capabilities that we are continuously advancing and developing in different kinds of nanoscience be it inorganic nanocrystals, which is my focus theoretical methods for treating nanoscience completely out of this world. In my mind, I'm spectroscopic techniques [00:13:30] for looking at nanostructures.Speaker 5: All these things are being developed at the foundry, at the absolute bleeding edge of nanoscience, and these can have impact in all different areas. And so our users come, they work with us, they learn these state of the art techniques, generate new materials that they can take home with them to their own laboratories, integrate into their materials and processes and devices and so on or do their a specialized characterization on and the amount of science that results by [00:14:00] that multiplication and leveraging is really very exciting to watch. Oh, it's a hub. It's an intersection of ideas in one place of problem, motivations from different perspectives and then it branches right on back out to impact science and in all different ways. Speaker 4: What sort of a funding horizon are you on? Speaker 5: Uh, so we have very stable funding from the Department of Energy. These centers are quite new. They were only established [00:14:30] over the last 10 years. The foundry has been in full operations for about six years and they are very much the flagship capabilities of the office of science within the Department of Energy and will be for quite some time to come. So they're making a very stable and continued investment in this area and continue to see the value and opportunity for really in the end, American economy, taxpayers and industrial [00:15:00] innovation that's generated by all of this scientific activity. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: you were listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley, Delia mill, iron of Lawrence Berkeley national lab is talking about her work in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: what's the focus of your research? Speaker 5: So my research involves the [00:15:30] innovation of Inorganic nanocrystals, which are a few nanometers diameter crystal and arrangements of atoms. And they're using these as building blocks to construct materials. So we put them together with each other and two, for example, porous architectures, or you put them together with polymers or we put them together, uh, with glassy components to construct macroscopic materials often than films. And we're interested [00:16:00] in these primarily for their electrochemical functions. So electric chemical devices are useful for things like batteries, supercapacitors a storing energy also for converting energy. And in our case, we've most recently been focused on electrochromic window applications. So these are function like batteries, but instead of storing charge, they have the effect of changing the tint on a window dynamically as a function [00:16:30] of voltage. But everything starts with the nanocrystals and new ways to put them together with other components to construct materials. Speaker 4: And is the crystal material something unusual or is it real commonplace? Speaker 5: It varies actually. Most of the materials that we craft into nanocrystals are well known and have been studied for a long time in their bulk form. So just as in the example of gold being very different in both and obviously useful for [00:17:00] all sorts of things like currency now having very different function on the Nano scale. We work with materials that maybe are not quite as common places goal, but nonetheless fairly common. So one material we've been working with a lot lately is called indium tin oxide. And whether you know it or not, you probably use it every day. It's the material that provides conductivity in flat panel displays, touch screens, all of these sorts of things. And so in it's normal thin [00:17:30] film form, it's obviously very well established and used around the world for all different applications. It was only synthesized in a well controlled way as Netto crystals in the last few years. Speaker 5: And in the Neto crystal form, it has all of these wonderful properties relating to electric chromic windows. And beyond that it has, I guess I should say more fundamentally, the phenomenology underlying those windows applications is that this [00:18:00] material is plasmonic, which means that it can effectively condense a near infrared light to a very small scale, can amplify the electric field from the light, basically manipulate light in a new way. And people have been doing this with metals like gold as one example. Silver is another for a while, and a whole new field of plasmonics has emerged. Um, now with Ito on the nanoscale, we're bringing [00:18:30] plasmonics into the infrared region of the spectrum, which is going to give us whole news opportunities for manipulation of light of that sword, channeling light and so on. So the, as I was saying earlier, the phenomenology is where we spend the most time and discovery of these plasmonic characteristics of Ito is going to lead to many, many applications. The one we've been focusing on is this electric chromic window idea. Speaker 4: Oh, is this one of the real opportunities [00:19:00] within nano science that when you take a material to the Nano scale, you get all this new behavior [inaudible] Speaker 5: that's the fundamental concept underlying the investigation of nanoscale materials. And so the NNI, the national nanoscience initiative or national nanotechnology initiative, which was started, you know, over a decade ago now had as its founding principle, basically that idea that we would investigate the properties that emerge [00:19:30] when materials are made on the nanoscale that are very distinct from what we see on the macro scale. And from this, uh, we would have a whole new playbook for creating functional materials and devices. Speaker 4: There's been talk about the idea of transparent failure being a good thing in science. So you can learn from what goes wrong. Speaker 5: Yeah, science is full of failure. Most things don't work, especially when you first try them. [00:20:00] So I like to say that in order to be a scientist, you have to be unrelentingly optimistic because you're great idea that you're incredibly excited about, probably won't work or at least it won't work initially. And then you have to try again and try again and try again. And often it won't work even after you've tried again many, many times and you still have to have the same passion for your next great idea that you wake up the next morning [00:20:30] and you're excited to go try something new. That belief in possibility I think is fundamental to science, but at the same point. Yeah, I think you're right. The failures are not merely something to be discarded along the way to, and they do teach us a lot and frankly they suggest the next great idea more often than not. Speaker 5: So we have in mind something we're trying to do and a complete failure to [00:21:00] accomplish that. Whether it's a bond we're trying to make or a way we're trying to control a shape of a material or to create a specific optical property we get something we didn't expect and that should and when science is functioning well does cause you to stop and think about why that's happening. In fact, maybe the challenge, some of the challenge in doing science is not becoming too distracted by all of the [00:21:30] possibilities that emerge. When you do that. It's a mistake of course to be too single minded and focused on an end goal too early because you'll, you'll miss really all the new phenomenon, the things that you least expected are often the most important and innovative, so you have to pay attention to these things and perhaps redefine them as not being failures but rather being a new success or a new seed of a success that can take you in a new direction. Speaker 5: That said, there probably are things that [00:22:00] even in that from that perspective can be viewed as a negative result or a failure and there's an important role. I mean the scientific literature is, is full of every scholarly article has to include a transparent reporting of the conditions that led to what's being defined as success or specific results and a recording of what happens elsewise basically because that allows you to understand much more [00:22:30] deeply where that successful result emerges if you understand the conditions that lead to failure and different types of failure. So definitely for understanding sake, this is essential. Speaker 3: This is the end part. One of our interview with Delia [inaudible] finale, part two will air December 28th at noon. Don't miss it. The molecular foundry website [00:23:00] is foundries.lbl.gov Speaker 1: now the calendar with Lisa [inaudible] and Rick Karnofsky on Saturday, December 15th science at Cow Lecture series. We'll present a free public talk by Rosemary, a Joyce or UC Berkeley anthropology professor on everyday life and science in the Pre-colombian Mayan world. Joyce. We'll discuss how the Maya developed and use their calendar, which spans almost 1200 [00:23:30] years ending around December 21st, 2012 the end of the world, she will explore the observational astronomy made possible through the use of written records, employing one of the only two scripts in the world to develop a sign for zero. The lecture which is free and open to the public, will be held on December 15th from 11 to 12:00 AM in room 100 of the genetics and plant biology building on the UC Berkeley campus. Speaker 7: Tomorrow, December 15th Wild Oakland. [00:24:00] We'll have a free one hour walk from noon to one defined an identifying mushrooms around lake merit. Meet at the Rotary Science Center on the corner of Perkins in Bellevue. The walk will be around the grassy areas, so rattling the boat house and the Lake Merritt Gardens. Learn to read the landscape and find where the mushrooms hide and their role and the local ecology. Bring guidebooks. Have you have them as well as a small pocket knife, a paintbrush [inaudible] jacket. Visit a wild oakland.org for more [00:24:30] info. Speaker 1: On Saturday, December 15th the American Society for Cell Biology welcomes the public to its 2012 keynote lecture. The event will feature Steven Chu Nobel laureate and US Secretary of energy and Arthur Levinson, chair of Genentech and apple here about the future of science and innovation and view an art exhibit by scientists, artists, Graham Johnson and Janet, a Wasa. Attend the art exhibit and reception [00:25:00] from five to five 45 and then stay and listen to the Speakers from six to 7:30 PM free. Preregistration is required at ASC B. Dot. O. R. G, the event takes place at Moscone center west seven 47 Howard street in San Francisco. Saturday, December 15th Speaker 7: the regional parks botanical garden at the intersection of Wildcat Canyon Road and South Park drive and Tilden regional park in the Berkeley hills. [00:25:30] Host the Wayne Rodrick lecture series. These free lectures are on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM and are on a variety of topics related to plants and natural history. Free Tours of the garden. Begin at 2:00 PM tomorrow's tuck features Dick O'Donnell, who will discuss the floristic surprises and the drought stricken southwest and next Saturday the 22nd of December. Steve Edwards. We'll talk about the botany and GLG of the Lassen region. More information on the series is available@nativeplants.org Speaker 1: [00:26:00] beginning on December 26 the Lawrence Hall of science will begin screening and interactive program in their planetarium called constellations. Tonight. A simple star map will be provided to help participants learn to identify the most prominent constellations of the season in the planetarium. Sky. Questions and activities will be part of the program. The presentation will continue until January 4th and will be held every weekday from two to 2:45 PM [00:26:30] tickets are $4 at the Lawrence Hall of science after the price of admission. Remember that's beginning on December 26th [inaudible] Speaker 7: with two news stories. Here is Rick Karnofsky and Lisa kind of itch. Nature News reported on December 11th Speaker 1: that the u s national ignition facility or Nif at Lawrence Livermore national laboratory is changing directions. Nip uses a 192 ultraviolet laser beams that interact with the gold capsule, creating x-rays. These x-rays [00:27:00] crush a two millimeter target pellet of deuterium and tritium causing fusion. Nif has not yet achieved ignition where it may deliver more energy than it consumes I triple e spectrum criticized the project for being $5 billion over budget and years behind. Schedule in the revised plans [inaudible] scale back to focus on ignition and would devote three years for deciding whether it would be possible. It would increase focus on research, a fusion for the nuclear weapons [00:27:30] stockpile stewardship program and basic science. It would also devote resources to other ignition concepts. Namely polar direct drive on Omega at the University of Rochester and magnetically driven implosions on the San Diego z machine. The Journal. Nature reports that rows matter a natural plant die once price throughout the old world to make fiery red textiles has found a second life as the basis for a new green [00:28:00] battery chemist from the City College of New York teamed with researchers from Rice University and the U S army research lab to develop a nontoxic and sustainable lithium ion battery powered by Perper in a dye extracted from the roots of the matter plant 3,500 years ago. Speaker 1: Civilizations in Asia and the Middle East first boiled matter roots to color fabrics in vivid oranges, reds, and pinks. In its latest incarnation, [00:28:30] the climbing herb could lay the foundation for an ecofriendly alternative to traditional lithium ion batteries. These batteries charge everything from your mobile phone to electric vehicles, but carry with them risks to the environment during production, recycling and disposal. They also pumped 72 kilograms of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere for every kilowatt hour of energy in a lithium ion battery. These grim facts have fed a surging demand to develop green batteries [00:29:00] growing matter or other biomass crops to make batteries which soak up carbon dioxide and eliminate the disposal problem. Speaker 3: The news occurred during the show with his bylaw Astana David from his album folk and acoustic made available through creative Commons license 3.0 attribution. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to us via [00:29:30] our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com join us in two weeks at this same time. [inaudible]. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Princeton and UC Berkeley trained chemist Delia Milliron is the Deputy Director of the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley Lab. In part one, Delia explains Nano Science and Technology. She talks about her research with nanocrystals to make thin films. foundry.lbl.govTranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next. Speaker 2: Mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Speaker 3: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome [00:00:30] to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program bringing you interviews featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 4: Good afternoon. My name is Brad Swift. I'm the host of today's show. Today is part one of a two part interview with Delia Mil Iron, the deputy director of the Lawrence Berkeley national lab molecular foundry, [00:01:00] Delia mill iron is a chemist. She received her undergraduate degree from Princeton and her phd from UC Berkeley. Delia leads a research group at the molecular foundry which has recently spun off a startup named heliotrope technologies for group is a partner in the newly announced Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, a multistate department of energy research hub focused on developing transformative new battery technology. Delios group was recently awarded a $3 million grant [00:01:30] by the Department of Energy Advanced Research projects, agency dash energy by e for her work on smart window technologies onto the interview. Delia mill iron. Welcome to spectrum. Speaker 5: Thank you.Speaker 4: I suspect that most of our listeners have heard of nanoscience but don't have a lot of perspective on the detail. Would you explain what makes nanoscience and nanotechnology unique? Speaker 5: Sure, [00:02:00] so nano science is about investigating how the properties of matter change sometimes quite dramatically when we structure them on the nanometers scale, which is really the molecular scale. So in a sense it's quite related to chemistry, but it's about materials and matter and how their behavior is very different than what you'd expect from macroscopic pieces of material. Would you like some examples? [00:02:30] Sure. An example would be great. Okay. A classic example is to look at the optical properties or just the visible appearance of gold and everyone knows, of course, when gold is macroscopic, it's shiny and it's yellowish and we're very used to that form of gold. When you make gold in the form of nanoparticles, the things that are, let's say between five and 50 nanometers across [00:03:00] or containing a few thousand atoms per particle, then the gold no longer looks either yellow or shiny. In fact, you can make stable dispersion or solution of gold at that scale in water. And it appears translucent and red in color. And this effect of Nano scaling and gold has been used to color artistic objects for centuries, but we've only recently become to systematically [00:03:30] understand the science of how these sorts of properties can change so dramatically when we make materials in the nanoscale. Speaker 4: So the actual doing of it has been done for a long time, but the understanding is what's more recent and then the ability to recreate Speaker 5: and the ability to control and deliberately manipulate. Yes. So there are plenty of instances of incidental or almost accidental creation of nanoscale materials and [00:04:00] utilization of these nanoscale effects on properties. But the science of it is about systematically correlating the structure and composition and materials to their properties. And then the nanotechnology or the engineering of of nanoscale materials is about deliberately controlling those properties to create new functional things, objects, devices and so on that we can use for useful things all around us. Speaker 4: And what are some of the common things [00:04:30] that we find nano technology in in our daily lives? Speaker 5: As with any new technology. The first applications are fairly pedestrian in some sense and don't require the most exquisite control over the materials. So one that's quite common is to use metal oxide nanocrystals. Typically things like zinc oxide or titanium oxide in sunblock. These materials absorb UV radiation to [00:05:00] protect our skin from damage from UV. But because they're at the nano scale, instead of looking white, it can be clear. And so it's just that ugly, much more pleasing to put on some block that then appears clear, but still does the job of blocking UV radiation. So this doesn't require a very fine control over the details of the structure or the size of the material. It's only important that the scale of the oxide particles be well below the wavelength [00:05:30] of light, and that's what makes it clear. So it's a very simple use, but nonetheless, very practical and helpful. Speaker 4: What are you finding are the challenges of working with nanoscale material? Speaker 5: It's all about taking that control to the next level. Chemists have learned for a long time how to manipulate atoms and create bonds and put them together into small molecules. Now we're working with structures of [00:06:00] a somewhat larger length scale and wanting to control different aspects of the composition and structure. So there are no ready solutions for deliberately arranging the atoms into let's say a five nanometer crystal with precision, um, in order to generate the properties that you'd like or again, just understand them frankly. So both the creation of materials with precise control and detailed understanding of what their structure is are still very [00:06:30] big challenges. Of course conventional microscopy methods don't extend very well to these small length scales. So there's a need for new characterization approaches. And then as I said, the chemical methods for making molecules and small molecular systems likewise don't necessarily translate to the slightly bigger scale that is nanometer length scale of these materials. Speaker 5: So we need a innovations on all sides, making new materials, new ways to look at them and characterize [00:07:00] them. And then finally the third piece is the theory that helps understand their properties and predict new properties. Again, it's sort of an awkward in between lanes scale where atomic detail matters, but larger scale aspects of how the materials come together matters as well. And that's very difficult to approach with computational methods, so we're seeing the frontier of nanoscience is pushing scientists from all different disciplines to advance their tools and their techniques [00:07:30] in order to really take advantage of what can be done at that landscape. Speaker 4: Okay. Speaker 6: Delia mill iron is our guest. She is the deputy director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory molecular foundry. She is a chemist working at the nanoscale. You are listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. Speaker 4: You've talked about the meter. Yes. Is that a new form of measurement and how does it relate to anything [00:08:00] else? How do we reflect on an nanometre? Sure, Speaker 5: so it's not a new measure. It's simply a meter times 10 to the minus ninth that's what what Nano means and a more conventional measure on that lane scale might be an Angstrom, which is a traditional measure. It's one order of magnitude smaller than an animator, but to put it in more practical terms, I like to think of the Nano crystals that I work with, for example, which are about five nanometers across, [00:08:30] are about a million times smaller than an ant. So that for me gives me a sort of practical reference point as a chemist. It also makes sense to me to think of a five nanometer crystal as containing about a thousand atoms, but atoms are not necessarily a easy to understand lane skill for everybody. So the the ant is maybe a more common reference point, what natural materials have been created and what about them makes them [00:09:00] more promising than another depending on the realm of properties that you examine. Speaker 5: Promising has all sorts of different meanings, right? So things like semiconductor nano wires or perhaps graphene or carbon nanotubes may be considered promising for new electronic materials because the transport of electrons through these structures can proceed quite unimpeded and move very [00:09:30] readily so that we could have fast electronics or very conductive transparent thin films to replace the things we use today in our flat panel displays and so on. Other nano materials are very promising for diagnostics of different kinds of diseases or even for therapy of different kinds of health issues. So there are biological probes being developed that can be directed into specific areas [00:10:00] of your body. For example, where a tumor site is located using a nanoscale magnet and then they also carry a payload of drugs that can then be released specifically at that site. So you could have targeted therapies. So these sort of multifunctional nano constructs are very interesting. Speaker 5: I would say promising in the long run for for new targeted therapies, I have many fewer side effects than these broad spectrum drugs that we commonly use today. In terms of coming up [00:10:30] with new nanomaterials, is it as often the case that you are trying to create something for a specific purpose or that you accidentally find something that has a characteristic that can be applied pretty widely or to a specific use? I think that much of Nano materials research is motivated by the investigation and discovery of new phenomenon. And I distinguish that from targeted application [00:11:00] focused development because it's often unclear what a new material or it's phenomenological characteristics will actually be useful for. In my lab. Uh, we do tend to think of practical connections, but then the ones that we ultimately realize could be very different from the one that motivated us at the outset of the project. So I think as a scientist it's important to be attuned [00:11:30] for surprising opportunities to apply materials in ways you didn't anticipate. And so you have to be aware of the needs that are out there, the big needs in society, basically paying attention for how the phenomena you're discovering might map onto these societal needs. You probably as a scientist, not going to able to take Speaker 5: a new discovery all the way through to a practical application. But if you don't at [00:12:00] least identify those connections, it will be difficult for engineers and industry to take your discoveries and turn them into practical applications. So there's a role on both sides to make that connection. Speaker 4: [inaudible] you are the deputy director of the molecular foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Tell us about the foundry and the work going on there. Speaker 5: So the molecular foundry is a very special place. It's one of five department of energy funded [00:12:30] nanoscale science research centers, which are located around the country. And we have the mission of pushing the forefront of nanoscience broadly defined, so nanoscience in all different aspects while at the same time acting as a user facility to help others in the scientific community, be they academic researchers, industry, others at national labs move the science in their areas forward by leveraging the tools of nanoscience. [00:13:00] So it in effect, it becomes this amazing hub of activity and nanoscience where people from really all around the world are coming to us to leverage capabilities that we are continuously advancing and developing in different kinds of nanoscience be it inorganic nanocrystals, which is my focus theoretical methods for treating nanoscience completely out of this world. In my mind, I'm spectroscopic techniques [00:13:30] for looking at nanostructures.Speaker 5: All these things are being developed at the foundry, at the absolute bleeding edge of nanoscience, and these can have impact in all different areas. And so our users come, they work with us, they learn these state of the art techniques, generate new materials that they can take home with them to their own laboratories, integrate into their materials and processes and devices and so on or do their a specialized characterization on and the amount of science that results by [00:14:00] that multiplication and leveraging is really very exciting to watch. Oh, it's a hub. It's an intersection of ideas in one place of problem, motivations from different perspectives and then it branches right on back out to impact science and in all different ways. Speaker 4: What sort of a funding horizon are you on? Speaker 5: Uh, so we have very stable funding from the Department of Energy. These centers are quite new. They were only established [00:14:30] over the last 10 years. The foundry has been in full operations for about six years and they are very much the flagship capabilities of the office of science within the Department of Energy and will be for quite some time to come. So they're making a very stable and continued investment in this area and continue to see the value and opportunity for really in the end, American economy, taxpayers and industrial [00:15:00] innovation that's generated by all of this scientific activity. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: you were listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley, Delia mill, iron of Lawrence Berkeley national lab is talking about her work in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Speaker 2: [inaudible]Speaker 4: what's the focus of your research? Speaker 5: So my research involves the [00:15:30] innovation of Inorganic nanocrystals, which are a few nanometers diameter crystal and arrangements of atoms. And they're using these as building blocks to construct materials. So we put them together with each other and two, for example, porous architectures, or you put them together with polymers or we put them together, uh, with glassy components to construct macroscopic materials often than films. And we're interested [00:16:00] in these primarily for their electrochemical functions. So electric chemical devices are useful for things like batteries, supercapacitors a storing energy also for converting energy. And in our case, we've most recently been focused on electrochromic window applications. So these are function like batteries, but instead of storing charge, they have the effect of changing the tint on a window dynamically as a function [00:16:30] of voltage. But everything starts with the nanocrystals and new ways to put them together with other components to construct materials. Speaker 4: And is the crystal material something unusual or is it real commonplace? Speaker 5: It varies actually. Most of the materials that we craft into nanocrystals are well known and have been studied for a long time in their bulk form. So just as in the example of gold being very different in both and obviously useful for [00:17:00] all sorts of things like currency now having very different function on the Nano scale. We work with materials that maybe are not quite as common places goal, but nonetheless fairly common. So one material we've been working with a lot lately is called indium tin oxide. And whether you know it or not, you probably use it every day. It's the material that provides conductivity in flat panel displays, touch screens, all of these sorts of things. And so in it's normal thin [00:17:30] film form, it's obviously very well established and used around the world for all different applications. It was only synthesized in a well controlled way as Netto crystals in the last few years. Speaker 5: And in the Neto crystal form, it has all of these wonderful properties relating to electric chromic windows. And beyond that it has, I guess I should say more fundamentally, the phenomenology underlying those windows applications is that this [00:18:00] material is plasmonic, which means that it can effectively condense a near infrared light to a very small scale, can amplify the electric field from the light, basically manipulate light in a new way. And people have been doing this with metals like gold as one example. Silver is another for a while, and a whole new field of plasmonics has emerged. Um, now with Ito on the nanoscale, we're bringing [00:18:30] plasmonics into the infrared region of the spectrum, which is going to give us whole news opportunities for manipulation of light of that sword, channeling light and so on. So the, as I was saying earlier, the phenomenology is where we spend the most time and discovery of these plasmonic characteristics of Ito is going to lead to many, many applications. The one we've been focusing on is this electric chromic window idea. Speaker 4: Oh, is this one of the real opportunities [00:19:00] within nano science that when you take a material to the Nano scale, you get all this new behavior [inaudible] Speaker 5: that's the fundamental concept underlying the investigation of nanoscale materials. And so the NNI, the national nanoscience initiative or national nanotechnology initiative, which was started, you know, over a decade ago now had as its founding principle, basically that idea that we would investigate the properties that emerge [00:19:30] when materials are made on the nanoscale that are very distinct from what we see on the macro scale. And from this, uh, we would have a whole new playbook for creating functional materials and devices. Speaker 4: There's been talk about the idea of transparent failure being a good thing in science. So you can learn from what goes wrong. Speaker 5: Yeah, science is full of failure. Most things don't work, especially when you first try them. [00:20:00] So I like to say that in order to be a scientist, you have to be unrelentingly optimistic because you're great idea that you're incredibly excited about, probably won't work or at least it won't work initially. And then you have to try again and try again and try again. And often it won't work even after you've tried again many, many times and you still have to have the same passion for your next great idea that you wake up the next morning [00:20:30] and you're excited to go try something new. That belief in possibility I think is fundamental to science, but at the same point. Yeah, I think you're right. The failures are not merely something to be discarded along the way to, and they do teach us a lot and frankly they suggest the next great idea more often than not. Speaker 5: So we have in mind something we're trying to do and a complete failure to [00:21:00] accomplish that. Whether it's a bond we're trying to make or a way we're trying to control a shape of a material or to create a specific optical property we get something we didn't expect and that should and when science is functioning well does cause you to stop and think about why that's happening. In fact, maybe the challenge, some of the challenge in doing science is not becoming too distracted by all of the [00:21:30] possibilities that emerge. When you do that. It's a mistake of course to be too single minded and focused on an end goal too early because you'll, you'll miss really all the new phenomenon, the things that you least expected are often the most important and innovative, so you have to pay attention to these things and perhaps redefine them as not being failures but rather being a new success or a new seed of a success that can take you in a new direction. Speaker 5: That said, there probably are things that [00:22:00] even in that from that perspective can be viewed as a negative result or a failure and there's an important role. I mean the scientific literature is, is full of every scholarly article has to include a transparent reporting of the conditions that led to what's being defined as success or specific results and a recording of what happens elsewise basically because that allows you to understand much more [00:22:30] deeply where that successful result emerges if you understand the conditions that lead to failure and different types of failure. So definitely for understanding sake, this is essential. Speaker 3: This is the end part. One of our interview with Delia [inaudible] finale, part two will air December 28th at noon. Don't miss it. The molecular foundry website [00:23:00] is foundries.lbl.gov Speaker 1: now the calendar with Lisa [inaudible] and Rick Karnofsky on Saturday, December 15th science at Cow Lecture series. We'll present a free public talk by Rosemary, a Joyce or UC Berkeley anthropology professor on everyday life and science in the Pre-colombian Mayan world. Joyce. We'll discuss how the Maya developed and use their calendar, which spans almost 1200 [00:23:30] years ending around December 21st, 2012 the end of the world, she will explore the observational astronomy made possible through the use of written records, employing one of the only two scripts in the world to develop a sign for zero. The lecture which is free and open to the public, will be held on December 15th from 11 to 12:00 AM in room 100 of the genetics and plant biology building on the UC Berkeley campus. Speaker 7: Tomorrow, December 15th Wild Oakland. [00:24:00] We'll have a free one hour walk from noon to one defined an identifying mushrooms around lake merit. Meet at the Rotary Science Center on the corner of Perkins in Bellevue. The walk will be around the grassy areas, so rattling the boat house and the Lake Merritt Gardens. Learn to read the landscape and find where the mushrooms hide and their role and the local ecology. Bring guidebooks. Have you have them as well as a small pocket knife, a paintbrush [inaudible] jacket. Visit a wild oakland.org for more [00:24:30] info. Speaker 1: On Saturday, December 15th the American Society for Cell Biology welcomes the public to its 2012 keynote lecture. The event will feature Steven Chu Nobel laureate and US Secretary of energy and Arthur Levinson, chair of Genentech and apple here about the future of science and innovation and view an art exhibit by scientists, artists, Graham Johnson and Janet, a Wasa. Attend the art exhibit and reception [00:25:00] from five to five 45 and then stay and listen to the Speakers from six to 7:30 PM free. Preregistration is required at ASC B. Dot. O. R. G, the event takes place at Moscone center west seven 47 Howard street in San Francisco. Saturday, December 15th Speaker 7: the regional parks botanical garden at the intersection of Wildcat Canyon Road and South Park drive and Tilden regional park in the Berkeley hills. [00:25:30] Host the Wayne Rodrick lecture series. These free lectures are on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM and are on a variety of topics related to plants and natural history. Free Tours of the garden. Begin at 2:00 PM tomorrow's tuck features Dick O'Donnell, who will discuss the floristic surprises and the drought stricken southwest and next Saturday the 22nd of December. Steve Edwards. We'll talk about the botany and GLG of the Lassen region. More information on the series is available@nativeplants.org Speaker 1: [00:26:00] beginning on December 26 the Lawrence Hall of science will begin screening and interactive program in their planetarium called constellations. Tonight. A simple star map will be provided to help participants learn to identify the most prominent constellations of the season in the planetarium. Sky. Questions and activities will be part of the program. The presentation will continue until January 4th and will be held every weekday from two to 2:45 PM [00:26:30] tickets are $4 at the Lawrence Hall of science after the price of admission. Remember that's beginning on December 26th [inaudible] Speaker 7: with two news stories. Here is Rick Karnofsky and Lisa kind of itch. Nature News reported on December 11th Speaker 1: that the u s national ignition facility or Nif at Lawrence Livermore national laboratory is changing directions. Nip uses a 192 ultraviolet laser beams that interact with the gold capsule, creating x-rays. These x-rays [00:27:00] crush a two millimeter target pellet of deuterium and tritium causing fusion. Nif has not yet achieved ignition where it may deliver more energy than it consumes I triple e spectrum criticized the project for being $5 billion over budget and years behind. Schedule in the revised plans [inaudible] scale back to focus on ignition and would devote three years for deciding whether it would be possible. It would increase focus on research, a fusion for the nuclear weapons [00:27:30] stockpile stewardship program and basic science. It would also devote resources to other ignition concepts. Namely polar direct drive on Omega at the University of Rochester and magnetically driven implosions on the San Diego z machine. The Journal. Nature reports that rows matter a natural plant die once price throughout the old world to make fiery red textiles has found a second life as the basis for a new green [00:28:00] battery chemist from the City College of New York teamed with researchers from Rice University and the U S army research lab to develop a nontoxic and sustainable lithium ion battery powered by Perper in a dye extracted from the roots of the matter plant 3,500 years ago. Speaker 1: Civilizations in Asia and the Middle East first boiled matter roots to color fabrics in vivid oranges, reds, and pinks. In its latest incarnation, [00:28:30] the climbing herb could lay the foundation for an ecofriendly alternative to traditional lithium ion batteries. These batteries charge everything from your mobile phone to electric vehicles, but carry with them risks to the environment during production, recycling and disposal. They also pumped 72 kilograms of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere for every kilowatt hour of energy in a lithium ion battery. These grim facts have fed a surging demand to develop green batteries [00:29:00] growing matter or other biomass crops to make batteries which soak up carbon dioxide and eliminate the disposal problem. Speaker 3: The news occurred during the show with his bylaw Astana David from his album folk and acoustic made available through creative Commons license 3.0 attribution. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to us via [00:29:30] our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com join us in two weeks at this same time. [inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

For the second year in a row, the Port of San Diego is offering free boat tours to the public. On the tours, the public gets the opportunity learn about San Diego Bay and its environment, become familiar with Port operations, and get an up-close look at maritime and industrial businesses, all at no charge. Make your reservation online at http://www.portofsandiego.org/tours or call 619-686-8008. Participants must be 18 years or older.