Podcasts about Reconnaissance

Il est difficile, voire impossible, d'être vraiment reconnaissants tant que nous ne comprenons pas complètement la grâce de Dieu. La grâce est une faveur imméritée, mais c'est aussi la puissance de Dieu mise à notre disposition de sorte que nous pouvons faire avec facilité ce que nous ne pourrions jamais faire par nous-mêmes. Une fois que nous avons compris que toute bonne chose que nous avons nous vient par la bonté de Dieu, que nous reste-t-il si ce n'est de la reconnaissance ? Il est difficile de remercier Dieu quand nous pensons que nous méritons ce que nous recevons de lui. Cependant, il est difficile de ne pas le remercier quand nous savons que nous ne méritons pas tout ce que nous recevons de lui– tout est par sa grâce. Nos vies doivent simplement être une réponse reconnaissante à cette grâce. Père, je suis reconnaissant pour ta grâce. Sans ta grâce dans ma vie, je serais sans espoir. Mais je suis reconnaissant car, par ta grâce et ta puissance, je peux accomplir tes plans pour moi. — Êtes-vous prêt à aller plus loin ?

Dans cet épisode, Emmanuel et Antonio discutent de divers sujets liés au développement: Applets (et oui), app iOS développées sous Linux, le protocole A2A, l'accessibilité, les assistants de code AI en ligne de commande (vous n'y échapperez pas)… Mais aussi des approches méthodologiques et architecturales comme l'architecture hexagonale, les tech radars, l'expert généraliste et bien d'autres choses encore. Enregistré le 11 juillet 2025 Téléchargement de l'épisode LesCastCodeurs-Episode-328.mp3 ou en vidéo sur YouTube. News Langages Les Applets Java c'est terminé pour de bon… enfin, bientot: https://openjdk.org/jeps/504 Les navigateurs web ne supportent plus les applets. L'API Applet et l'outil appletviewer ont été dépréciés dans JDK 9 (2017). L'outil appletviewer a été supprimé dans JDK 11 (2018). Depuis, impossible d'exécuter des applets avec le JDK. L'API Applet a été marquée pour suppression dans JDK 17 (2021). Le Security Manager, essentiel pour exécuter des applets de façon sécurisée, a été désactivé définitivement dans JDK 24 (2025). Librairies Quarkus 3.24 avec la notion d'extensions qui peuvent fournir des capacités à des assistants https://quarkus.io/blog/quarkus-3-24-released/ les assistants typiquement IA, ont accès a des capacités des extensions Par exemple générer un client à partir d'openAPI Offrir un accès à la,base de données en dev via le schéma. L'intégration d'Hibernate 7 dans Quarkus https://quarkus.io/blog/hibernate7-on-quarkus/ Jakarta data api restriction nouvelle Injection du SchemaManager Sortie de Micronaut 4.9 https://micronaut.io/2025/06/30/micronaut-framework-4-9-0-released/ Core : Mise à jour vers Netty 4.2.2 (attention, peut affecter les perfs). Nouveau mode expérimental “Event loop Carrier” pour exécuter des virtual threads sur l'event loop Netty. Nouvelle annotation @ClassImport pour traiter des classes déjà compilées. Arrivée des @Mixin (Java uniquement) pour modifier les métadonnées d'annotations Micronaut sans altérer les classes originales. HTTP/3 : Changement de dépendance pour le support expérimental. Graceful Shutdown : Nouvelle API pour un arrêt en douceur des applications. Cache Control : API fluente pour construire facilement l'en-tête HTTP Cache-Control. KSP 2 : Support de KSP 2 (à partir de 2.0.2) et testé avec Kotlin 2. Jakarta Data : Implémentation de la spécification Jakarta Data 1.0. gRPC : Support du JSON pour envoyer des messages sérialisés via un POST HTTP. ProjectGen : Nouveau module expérimental pour générer des projets JVM (Gradle ou Maven) via une API. Un super article sur experimenter avec les event loops reactives dans les virtualthreads https://micronaut.io/2025/06/30/transitioning-to-virtual-threads-using-the-micronaut-loom-carrier/ Malheureusement cela demander le hacker le JDK C'est un article de micronaut mais le travail a ete collaboratif avec les equipes de Red Hat OpenJDK, Red Hat perf et de Quarkus et Vert.x Pour les curieux c'est un bon article Ubuntu offre un outil de creation de container pour Spring notamment https://canonical.com/blog/spring-boot-containers-made-easy creer des images OCI pour les applications Spring Boot basées sur Ubuntu base images bien sur utilise jlink pour reduire la taille pas sur de voir le gros avantage vs d'autres solutions plus portables d'ailleurs Canonical entre dans la danse des builds d'openjdk Le SDK Java de A2A contribué par Red Hat est sorti https://quarkus.io/blog/a2a-project-launches-java-sdk/ A2A est un protocole initié par Google et donne à la fondation Linux Il permet à des agents de se décrire et d'interagir entre eux Agent cards, skills, tâche, contexte A2A complémente MCP Red hat a implémenté le SDK Java avec le conseil des équipes Google En quelques annotations et classes on a un agent card, un client A2A et un serveur avec l'échange de messages via le protocole A2A Comment configurer mockito sans warning après java 21 https://rieckpil.de/how-to-configure-mockito-agent-for-java-21-without-warning/ les agents chargés dynamiquement sont déconseillés et seront interdis bientôt Un des usages est mockito via bytebuddy L'avantage est que la,configuration était transparente Mais bon sécurité oblige c'est fini. Donc l'article décrit comment configurer maven gradle pour mettre l'agent au démarrage des tests Et aussi comment configurer cela dans IntelliJ idea. Moins simple malheureusement Web Des raisons “égoïstes” de rendre les UIs plus accessibles https://nolanlawson.com/2025/06/16/selfish-reasons-for-building-accessible-uis/ Raisons égoïstes : Des avantages personnels pour les développeurs de créer des interfaces utilisateurs (UI) accessibles, au-delà des arguments moraux. Débogage facilité : Une interface accessible, avec une structure sémantique claire, est plus facile à déboguer qu'un code désordonné (la « soupe de div »). Noms standardisés : L'accessibilité fournit un vocabulaire standard (par exemple, les directives WAI-ARIA) pour nommer les composants d'interface, ce qui aide à la clarté et à la structuration du code. Tests simplifiés : Il est plus simple d'écrire des tests automatisés pour des éléments d'interface accessibles, car ils peuvent être ciblés de manière plus fiable et sémantique. Après 20 ans de stagnation, la spécification du format d'image PNG évolue enfin ! https://www.programmax.net/articles/png-is-back/ Objectif : Maintenir la pertinence et la compétitivité du format. Recommandation : Soutenu par des institutions comme la Bibliothèque du Congrès américain. Nouveautés Clés :Prise en charge du HDR (High Dynamic Range) pour une plus grande gamme de couleurs. Reconnaissance officielle des PNG animés (APNG). Support des métadonnées Exif (copyright, géolocalisation, etc.). Support Actuel : Déjà intégré dans Chrome, Safari, Firefox, iOS, macOS et Photoshop. Futur :Prochaine édition : focus sur l'interopérabilité entre HDR et SDR. Édition suivante : améliorations de la compression. Avec le projet open source Xtool, on peut maintenant construire des applications iOS sur Linux ou Windows, sans avoir besoin d'avoir obligatoirement un Mac https://xtool.sh/tutorials/xtool/ Un tutoriel très bien fait explique comment faire : Création d'un nouveau projet via la commande xtool new. Génération d'un package Swift avec des fichiers clés comme Package.swift et xtool.yml. Build et exécution de l'app sur un appareil iOS avec xtool dev. Connexion de l'appareil en USB, gestion du jumelage et du Mode Développeur. xtool gère automatiquement les certificats, profils de provisionnement et la signature de l'app. Modification du code de l'interface utilisateur (ex: ContentView.swift). Reconstruction et réinstallation rapide de l'app mise à jour avec xtool dev. xtool est basé sur VSCode sur la partie IDE Data et Intelligence Artificielle Nouvelle edition du best seller mondial “Understanding LangChain4j” : https://www.linkedin.com/posts/agoncal_langchain4j-java-ai-activity-7342825482830200833-rtw8/ Mise a jour des APIs (de LC4j 0.35 a 1.1.0) Nouveaux Chapitres sur MCP / Easy RAG / JSon Response Nouveaux modeles (GitHub Model, DeepSeek, Foundry Local) Mise a jour des modeles existants (GPT-4.1, Claude 3.7…) Google donne A2A a la Foundation Linux https://developers.googleblog.com/en/google-cloud-donates-a2a-to-linux-foundation/ Annonce du projet Agent2Agent (A2A) : Lors du sommet Open Source Summit North America, la Linux Foundation a annoncé la création du projet Agent2Agent, en partenariat avec Google, AWS, Microsoft, Cisco, Salesforce, SAP et ServiceNow. Objectif du protocole A2A : Ce protocole vise à établir une norme ouverte pour permettre aux agents d'intelligence artificielle (IA) de communiquer, collaborer et coordonner des tâches complexes entre eux, indépendamment de leur fournisseur. Transfert de Google à la communauté open source : Google a transféré la spécification du protocole A2A, les SDK associés et les outils de développement à la Linux Foundation pour garantir une gouvernance neutre et communautaire. Soutien de l'industrie : Plus de 100 entreprises soutiennent déjà le protocole. AWS et Cisco sont les derniers à l'avoir validé. Chaque entreprise partenaire a souligné l'importance de l'interopérabilité et de la collaboration ouverte pour l'avenir de l'IA. Objectifs de la fondation A2A : Établir une norme universelle pour l'interopérabilité des agents IA. Favoriser un écosystème mondial de développeurs et d'innovateurs. Garantir une gouvernance neutre et ouverte. Accélérer l'innovation sécurisée et collaborative. parler de la spec et surement dire qu'on aura l'occasion d'y revenir Gemini CLI :https://blog.google/technology/developers/introducing-gemini-cli-open-source-ai-agent/ Agent IA dans le terminal : Gemini CLI permet d'utiliser l'IA Gemini directement depuis le terminal. Gratuit avec compte Google : Accès à Gemini 2.5 Pro avec des limites généreuses. Fonctionnalités puissantes : Génère du code, exécute des commandes, automatise des tâches. Open source : Personnalisable et extensible par la communauté. Complément de Code Assist : Fonctionne aussi avec les IDE comme VS Code. Au lieu de blocker les IAs sur vos sites vous pouvez peut-être les guider avec les fichiers LLMs.txt https://llmstxt.org/ Exemples du projet angular: llms.txt un simple index avec des liens : https://angular.dev/llms.txt lllms-full.txt une version bien plus détaillée : https://angular.dev/llms-full.txt Outillage Les commits dans Git sont immuables, mais saviez vous que vous pouviez rajouter / mettre à jour des “notes” sur les commits ? https://tylercipriani.com/blog/2022/11/19/git-notes-gits-coolest-most-unloved-feature/ Fonctionnalité méconnue : git notes est une fonctionnalité puissante mais peu utilisée de Git. Ajout de métadonnées : Permet d'attacher des informations à des commits existants sans en modifier le hash. Cas d'usage : Idéal pour ajouter des données issues de systèmes automatisés (builds, tickets, etc.). Revue de code distribuée : Des outils comme git-appraise ont été construits sur git notes pour permettre une revue de code entièrement distribuée, indépendante des forges (GitHub, GitLab). Peu populaire : Son interface complexe et le manque de support des plateformes de forge ont limité son adoption (GitHub n'affiche même pas/plus les notes). Indépendance des forges : git notes offre une voie vers une plus grande indépendance vis-à-vis des plateformes centralisées, en distribuant l'historique du projet avec le code lui-même. Un aperçu dur Spring Boot debugger dans IntelliJ idea ultimate https://blog.jetbrains.com/idea/2025/06/demystifying-spring-boot-with-spring-debugger/ montre cet outil qui donne du contexte spécifique à Spring comme les beans non activés, ceux mockés, la valeur des configs, l'état des transactions Il permet de visualiser tous les beans Spring directement dans la vue projet, avec les beans non instanciés grisés et les beans mockés marqués en orange pour les tests Il résout le problème de résolution des propriétés en affichant la valeur effective en temps réel dans les fichiers properties et yaml, avec la source exacte des valeurs surchargées Il affiche des indicateurs visuels pour les méthodes exécutées dans des transactions actives, avec les détails complets de la transaction et une hiérarchie visuelle pour les transactions imbriquées Il détecte automatiquement toutes les connexions DataSource actives et les intègre avec la fenêtre d'outils Database d'IntelliJ IDEA pour l'inspection Il permet l'auto-complétion et l'invocation de tous les beans chargés dans l'évaluateur d'expression, fonctionnant comme un REPL pour le contexte Spring Il fonctionne sans agent runtime supplémentaire en utilisant des breakpoints non-suspendus dans les bibliothèques Spring Boot pour analyser les données localement Une liste communautaire sur les assistants IA pour le code, lancée par Lize Raes https://aitoolcomparator.com/ tableau comparatif qui permet de voir les différentes fonctionnalités supportées par ces outils Architecture Un article sur l'architecture hexagonale en Java https://foojay.io/today/clean-and-modular-java-a-hexagonal-architecture-approach/ article introductif mais avec exemple sur l'architecture hexagonale entre le domaine, l'application et l‘infrastructure Le domain est sans dépendance L‘appli spécifique à l'application mais sans dépendance technique explique le flow L'infrastructure aura les dépendances à vos frameworks spring, Quarkus Micronaut, Kafka etc Je suis naturellement pas fan de l'architecture hexagonale en terme de volume de code vs le gain surtout en microservices mais c'est toujours intéressant de se challenger et de regarder le bénéfice coût. Gardez un œil sur les technologies avec les tech radar https://www.sfeir.dev/cloud/tech-radar-gardez-un-oeil-sur-le-paysage-technologique/ Le Tech Radar est crucial pour la veille technologique continue et la prise de décision éclairée. Il catégorise les technologies en Adopt, Trial, Assess, Hold, selon leur maturité et pertinence. Il est recommandé de créer son propre Tech Radar pour l'adapter aux besoins spécifiques, en s'inspirant des Radars publics. Utilisez des outils de découverte (Alternativeto), de tendance (Google Trends), de gestion d'obsolescence (End-of-life.date) et d'apprentissage (roadmap.sh). Restez informé via les blogs, podcasts, newsletters (TLDR), et les réseaux sociaux/communautés (X, Slack). L'objectif est de rester compétitif et de faire des choix technologiques stratégiques. Attention à ne pas sous-estimer son coût de maintenance Méthodologies Le concept d'expert generaliste https://martinfowler.com/articles/expert-generalist.html L'industrie pousse vers une spécialisation étroite, mais les collègues les plus efficaces excellent dans plusieurs domaines à la fois Un développeur Python expérimenté peut rapidement devenir productif dans une équipe Java grâce aux concepts fondamentaux partagés L'expertise réelle comporte deux aspects : la profondeur dans un domaine et la capacité d'apprendre rapidement Les Expert Generalists développent une maîtrise durable au niveau des principes fondamentaux plutôt que des outils spécifiques La curiosité est essentielle : ils explorent les nouvelles technologies et s'assurent de comprendre les réponses au lieu de copier-coller du code La collaboration est vitale car ils savent qu'ils ne peuvent pas tout maîtriser et travaillent efficacement avec des spécialistes L'humilité les pousse à d'abord comprendre pourquoi les choses fonctionnent d'une certaine manière avant de les remettre en question Le focus client canalise leur curiosité vers ce qui aide réellement les utilisateurs à exceller dans leur travail L'industrie doit traiter “Expert Generalist” comme une compétence de première classe à nommer, évaluer et former ca me rappelle le technical staff Un article sur les métriques métier et leurs valeurs https://blog.ippon.fr/2025/07/02/monitoring-metier-comment-va-vraiment-ton-service-2/ un article de rappel sur la valeur du monitoring métier et ses valeurs Le monitoring technique traditionnel (CPU, serveurs, API) ne garantit pas que le service fonctionne correctement pour l'utilisateur final. Le monitoring métier complète le monitoring technique en se concentrant sur l'expérience réelle des utilisateurs plutôt que sur les composants isolés. Il surveille des parcours critiques concrets comme “un client peut-il finaliser sa commande ?” au lieu d'indicateurs abstraits. Les métriques métier sont directement actionnables : taux de succès, délais moyens et volumes d'erreurs permettent de prioriser les actions. C'est un outil de pilotage stratégique qui améliore la réactivité, la priorisation et le dialogue entre équipes techniques et métier. La mise en place suit 5 étapes : dashboard technique fiable, identification des parcours critiques, traduction en indicateurs, centralisation et suivi dans la durée. Une Definition of Done doit formaliser des critères objectifs avant d'instrumenter tout parcours métier. Les indicateurs mesurables incluent les points de passage réussis/échoués, les temps entre actions et le respect des règles métier. Les dashboards doivent être intégrés dans les rituels quotidiens avec un système d'alertes temps réel compréhensibles. Le dispositif doit évoluer continuellement avec les transformations produit en questionnant chaque incident pour améliorer la détection. La difficulté c'est effectivement l'évolution métier par exemple peu de commandes la nuit etc ça fait partie de la boîte à outils SRE Sécurité Toujours à la recherche du S de Sécurité dans les MCP https://www.darkreading.com/cloud-security/hundreds-mcp-servers-ai-models-abuse-rce analyse des serveurs mcp ouverts et accessibles beaucoup ne font pas de sanity check des parametres si vous les utilisez dans votre appel genAI vous vous exposer ils ne sont pas mauvais fondamentalement mais n'ont pas encore de standardisation de securite si usage local prefferer stdio ou restreindre SSE à 127.0.0.1 Loi, société et organisation Nicolas Martignole, le même qui a créé le logo des Cast Codeurs, s'interroge sur les voies possibles des développeurs face à l'impact de l'IA sur notre métier https://touilleur-express.fr/2025/06/23/ni-manager-ni-contributeur-individuel/ Évolution des carrières de développeur : L'IA transforme les parcours traditionnels (manager ou expert technique). Chef d'Orchestre d'IA : Ancien manager qui pilote des IA, définit les architectures et valide le code généré. Artisan Augmenté : Développeur utilisant l'IA comme un outil pour coder plus vite et résoudre des problèmes complexes. Philosophe du Code : Un nouveau rôle centré sur le “pourquoi” du code, la conceptualisation de systèmes et l'éthique de l'IA. Charge cognitive de validation : Nouvelle charge mentale créée par la nécessité de vérifier le travail des IA. Réflexion sur l'impact : L'article invite à choisir son impact : orchestrer, créer ou guider. Entraîner les IAs sur des livres protégés (copyright) est acceptable (fair use) mais les stocker ne l'est pas https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/anthropic-wins-key-ruling-ai-authors-copyright-lawsuit-2025-06-24/ Victoire pour Anthropic (jusqu'au prochain procès): L'entreprise a obtenu gain de cause dans un procès très suivi concernant l'entraînement de son IA, Claude, avec des œuvres protégées par le droit d'auteur. “Fair Use” en force : Le juge a estimé que l'utilisation des livres pour entraîner l'IA relevait du “fair use” (usage équitable) car il s'agit d'une transformation du contenu, pas d'une simple reproduction. Nuance importante : Cependant, le stockage de ces œuvres dans une “bibliothèque centrale” sans autorisation a été jugé illégal, ce qui souligne la complexité de la gestion des données pour les modèles d'IA. Luc Julia, son audition au sénat https://videos.senat.fr/video.5486945_685259f55eac4.ia–audition-de-luc-julia-concepteur-de-siri On aime ou pas on aide pas Luc Julia et sa vision de l'IA . C'est un eversion encore plus longue mais dans le même thème que sa keynote à Devoxx France 2025 ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdxjGZBtp_k ) Nature et limites de l'IA : Luc Julia a insisté sur le fait que l'intelligence artificielle est une “évolution” plutôt qu'une “révolution”. Il a rappelé qu'elle repose sur des mathématiques et n'est pas “magique”. Il a également alerté sur le manque de fiabilité des informations fournies par les IA génératives comme ChatGPT, soulignant qu'« on ne peut pas leur faire confiance » car elles peuvent se tromper et que leur pertinence diminue avec le temps. Régulation de l'IA : Il a plaidé pour une régulation “intelligente et éclairée”, qui devrait se faire a posteriori afin de ne pas freiner l'innovation. Selon lui, cette régulation doit être basée sur les faits et non sur une analyse des risques a priori. Place de la France : Luc Julia a affirmé que la France possédait des chercheurs de très haut niveau et faisait partie des meilleurs mondiaux dans le domaine de l'IA. Il a cependant soulevé le problème du financement de la recherche et de l'innovation en France. IA et Société : L'audition a traité des impacts de l'IA sur la vie privée, le monde du travail et l'éducation. Luc Julia a souligné l'importance de développer l'esprit critique, notamment chez les jeunes, pour apprendre à vérifier les informations générées par les IA. Applications concrètes et futures : Le cas de la voiture autonome a été discuté, Luc Julia expliquant les différents niveaux d'autonomie et les défis restants. Il a également affirmé que l'intelligence artificielle générale (AGI), une IA qui dépasserait l'homme dans tous les domaines, est “impossible” avec les technologies actuelles. Rubrique débutant Les weakreferences et le finalize https://dzone.com/articles/advanced-java-garbage-collection-concepts un petit rappel utile sur les pièges de la méthode finalize qui peut ne jamais être invoquée Les risques de bug si finalize ne fini jamais Finalize rend le travail du garbage collector beaucoup plus complexe et inefficace Weak references sont utiles mais leur libération n'est pas contrôlable. Donc à ne pas abuser. Il y a aussi les soft et phantom references mais les usages ne sont assez subtils et complexe en fonction du GC. Le sériel va traiter les weak avant les soft, parallel non Le g1 ça dépend de la région Z1 ça dépend car le traitement est asynchrone Conférences La liste des conférences provenant de Developers Conferences Agenda/List par Aurélie Vache et contributeurs : 14-19 juillet 2025 : DebConf25 - Brest (France) 5 septembre 2025 : JUG Summer Camp 2025 - La Rochelle (France) 12 septembre 2025 : Agile Pays Basque 2025 - Bidart (France) 18-19 septembre 2025 : API Platform Conference - Lille (France) & Online 22-24 septembre 2025 : Kernel Recipes - Paris (France) 23 septembre 2025 : OWASP AppSec France 2025 - Paris (France) 25-26 septembre 2025 : Paris Web 2025 - Paris (France) 2 octobre 2025 : Nantes Craft - Nantes (France) 2-3 octobre 2025 : Volcamp - Clermont-Ferrand (France) 3 octobre 2025 : DevFest Perros-Guirec 2025 - Perros-Guirec (France) 6-7 octobre 2025 : Swift Connection 2025 - Paris (France) 6-10 octobre 2025 : Devoxx Belgium - Antwerp (Belgium) 7 octobre 2025 : BSides Mulhouse - Mulhouse (France) 9 octobre 2025 : DevCon #25 : informatique quantique - Paris (France) 9-10 octobre 2025 : Forum PHP 2025 - Marne-la-Vallée (France) 9-10 octobre 2025 : EuroRust 2025 - Paris (France) 16 octobre 2025 : PlatformCon25 Live Day Paris - Paris (France) 16 octobre 2025 : Power 365 - 2025 - Lille (France) 16-17 octobre 2025 : DevFest Nantes - Nantes (France) 17 octobre 2025 : Sylius Con 2025 - Lyon (France) 17 octobre 2025 : ScalaIO 2025 - Paris (France) 20 octobre 2025 : Codeurs en Seine - Rouen (France) 23 octobre 2025 : Cloud Nord - Lille (France) 30-31 octobre 2025 : Agile Tour Bordeaux 2025 - Bordeaux (France) 30-31 octobre 2025 : Agile Tour Nantais 2025 - Nantes (France) 30 octobre 2025-2 novembre 2025 : PyConFR 2025 - Lyon (France) 4-7 novembre 2025 : NewCrafts 2025 - Paris (France) 5-6 novembre 2025 : Tech Show Paris - Paris (France) 6 novembre 2025 : dotAI 2025 - Paris (France) 6 novembre 2025 : Agile Tour Aix-Marseille 2025 - Gardanne (France) 7 novembre 2025 : BDX I/O - Bordeaux (France) 12-14 novembre 2025 : Devoxx Morocco - Marrakech (Morocco) 13 novembre 2025 : DevFest Toulouse - Toulouse (France) 15-16 novembre 2025 : Capitole du Libre - Toulouse (France) 19 novembre 2025 : SREday Paris 2025 Q4 - Paris (France) 20 novembre 2025 : OVHcloud Summit - Paris (France) 21 novembre 2025 : DevFest Paris 2025 - Paris (France) 27 novembre 2025 : DevFest Strasbourg 2025 - Strasbourg (France) 28 novembre 2025 : DevFest Lyon - Lyon (France) 1-2 décembre 2025 : Tech Rocks Summit 2025 - Paris (France) 5 décembre 2025 : DevFest Dijon 2025 - Dijon (France) 9-11 décembre 2025 : APIdays Paris - Paris (France) 9-11 décembre 2025 : Green IO Paris - Paris (France) 10-11 décembre 2025 : Devops REX - Paris (France) 10-11 décembre 2025 : Open Source Experience - Paris (France) 28-31 janvier 2026 : SnowCamp 2026 - Grenoble (France) 2-6 février 2026 : Web Days Convention - Aix-en-Provence (France) 3 février 2026 : Cloud Native Days France 2026 - Paris (France) 12-13 février 2026 : Touraine Tech #26 - Tours (France) 22-24 avril 2026 : Devoxx France 2026 - Paris (France) 23-25 avril 2026 : Devoxx Greece - Athens (Greece) 17 juin 2026 : Devoxx Poland - Krakow (Poland) Nous contacter Pour réagir à cet épisode, venez discuter sur le groupe Google https://groups.google.com/group/lescastcodeurs Contactez-nous via X/twitter https://twitter.com/lescastcodeurs ou Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/lescastcodeurs.com Faire un crowdcast ou une crowdquestion Soutenez Les Cast Codeurs sur Patreon https://www.patreon.com/LesCastCodeurs Tous les épisodes et toutes les infos sur https://lescastcodeurs.com/

In this episode, we welcome Dr. Roger Herbert—retired Navy Captain, former SEAL commander, professor of ethics, and distinguished academic. Dr. Herbert's career spans from leading undersea special operations to teaching future naval officers at the U.S. Naval Academy. We explore Dr. Herbert's remarkable journey marked by leadership, ethics, and profound moral challenges. Dr. Herbert shares stories of combat, personal transformation, and the vital importance of principled leadership—even under the most extreme conditions. --- What We Discuss: * The intense process of becoming and leading Navy SEALs * How war can spark deep ethical reflection and personal evolution * What moral leadership looks like in combat zones—and classrooms * Why teaching ethics to future military leaders is more important than ever * How pivotal life decisions can stem from unexpected, even humorous, moments --- Featured Quotes: “The secret sauce of being a SEAL is learning how far you can really go—and it's always further than you think.” – Dr. Roger Herbert “We push candidates to what they *think* is their limit… and then some crazy few keep going. That's where we find the SEALs.” “Ethics isn't just theory—it's what helps you come home with honor.” “We don't swear loyalty to a person. We swear to a document. That's the power of the U.S. Constitution.” --- Resources Mentioned: * Dr. Roger Herbert's Substack - rogerherbert.substack.com * The Ethics of Special Ops: Raids, Recoveries, Reconnaissance, and Rebels - https://www.amazon.com/Ethics-Special-Ops-Recoveries-Reconnaissance-ebook/dp/B0CLGJK8R6?ref_=ast_author_dp&th=1&psc=1 * Ethics at War: How Should Military Personnel Make Ethical Decisions? - https://www.amazon.com/Ethics-War-Military-Personnel-Decisions-ebook/dp/B0CKFGDXQY?ref_=ast_author_dp&th=1&psc=1 ---

Last time we spoke about the end of the Bougainville campaign. In June 1945, the Australia and Allied forces intensified their campaign in the Pacific, spearheaded by General Hammer, as they battled entrenched Japanese troops on Bougainville. Following the capture of the Soraken Peninsula, the Australians aimed to control the strategic Hongorai River but faced fierce resistance. Meanwhile, General Kanda adjusted his strategies, pulling back Japanese forces to a defensive perimeter around Buin, allowing his troops to regroup. Australian battalions, notably the 24th and 57th/60th, pressed forward, making significant gains despite encountering numerous obstacles, including concealed mines and relentless counterattacks. The turning point came when they crossed the Hongorai River, marking a vital milestone in their advance. Ultimately, the combination of perseverance and tactical maneuvers set the stage for future successes within the broader context of the Pacific Theater. This episode is the Fall of Wewak Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  In the last episode we finished off the Bougainville campaign. Now its been 4 long ass grueling years for the boys fighting in New Guinea. Today we are finally going to finish that story.  As we last saw, by early April 1945, General George Stevens and his 6th Australian Division were making significant strides in their Wewak offensive. The campaign, aimed at capturing the strategically important town of Wewak, was crucial for disrupting Japanese forces in New Guinea and aiding in their eventual defeat. Brigadier King's 16th Brigade had effectively secured the But and Dagua areas, notable locations that played vital roles in the region's agricultural landscape and supply lines. Simultaneously, Brigadier Moten's 17th Brigade was concentrating its efforts along the Ninab River, a key waterway that would facilitate the final drive toward Maprik, a town essential for both its infrastructure and resources. Facing intense Australian pressure, the remnants of General Mano's 41st Division were forced to retreat northwestward to Wora, a strategic village located near the coast, while the Miyake Force reorganized itself along the defensive line formed by the Imbia, Neligum, Kumbungua, and Bainy rivers. This area is characterized by its rugged terrain, dense jungles, and numerous waterways, making it a challenging environment for military operations. On April 3, General Moten ordered the 2/7th Battalion to advance toward Maprik and the Agricultural Station, aiming to seize this vital supply center. At the same time, the 2/6th Battalion was tasked with moving towards the Screw River to block any potential enemy retreats to the north. Hayforce, a composite group of Australian troops, was directed to push forward to the Maprik-Marui road. This mission was critical as it aimed to establish a new airfield, designated as Hayfield, to alleviate the pressing supply issues faced by Australian forces. The Australians began their assault towards Maprik, yet they quickly discovered that the enemy was well-prepared to defend this food-producing region. Throughout the week, they were largely limited to patrol actions as they engaged with scattered enemy forces. Concurrently, Hayforce advanced eastward, encountering strong resistance at Wora on April 10. This strategic location, once teeming with activity, had become a focal point for Japanese defense. On April 12, feeling increasingly under pressure, General Mano opted to abandon Wora, allowing him to concentrate his forces more effectively at Bainyik. This decision was pivotal, as it permitted Australian forces to secure the site of the proposed airstrip, enhancing their logistical capabilities.  Meanwhile patrols had been pressing on from village to village. On 28th March, for example, Sergeant J. W. Hedderman, of the 2/6th, a notable leader in these as in earlier operations, had led a reconnaissance to Kulkuil and Gwanginan. Next day he led a fighting patrol which took Kulkuil with a carefully-planned surprise attack. On the 30th Lieutenant Errey's platoon (16), with Hedderman as platoon sergeant, attacked Gwanginan. Hedderman confused the enemy by shouting to imaginary platoons to right and left (thus incidentally drawing fire on himself); and when the leading section was halted he brought down supporting fire and enabled it to move again. A man was wounded within 10 yards of the enemy's pits; Hedderman went forward, killed two Japanese with grenades, and dragged his comrade to safety. The enemy were 25 to 30 strong and the attack failed despite these gallant efforts. Hedderman covered the withdrawal, firing until all others had gone. On 30th March a patrol found Mairoka clear of the enemy and on 4th April Lieutenant Gordon's platoon established a patrol base there. On the 7th Errey's platoon attacked a village to the east of the Milak villages but without success, Lieutenant Errey being killed, and Sergeant Layfield wounded. Chicanambu was occupied on the 9th. On April 15, two companies from the 2/6th pushed eastward towards the Screw River. Over the next five days, they faced strong opposition as they engaged in fierce skirmishes and patrol actions to secure critical territories, ultimately capturing Wambak, Kombichagi, and Bungara. Each of these locations represented not only strategic advantages but also a deepening impact on the local population and the broader campaign dynamics. On April 15, 1945, the 2/7th Battalion launched its main assault, with one company advancing towards the line of Nimrod Creek. This location, nestled within the dense jungles of New Guinea, proved to be strategically significant yet perilous. As they approached, Australian troops encountered heavily defended and camouflaged pillboxes, fortifications designed to protect the Japanese troops stationed in the area. Despite the challenges, they managed to secure a long, kunai-covered spur to the northeast of a critical area known as Maprik 2 by the following day. On April 17, another company from the 2/7th continued the offensive, advancing toward a target referred to as Maprik 1. They reached a point approximately 400 yards northwest of the objective but soon found themselves in a precarious situation as they became surrounded on both flanks the next day. It was not until April 19 that they successfully broke through to the southwest, escaping their encirclement.   The House Tamboran feature, a prominent ridge north of Maprik 1, was finally secured on April 20. This strategic high ground was essential for controlling the surrounding terrain and allowing further advances in the area. The following day, the 2/7th began probing towards the Maprik airstrip and Bainyik. Their efforts to secure the airstrip were fruitful within the next few days; however, they faced staunch resistance at both Maprik 2 and Bainyik, where Japanese forces continued to mount a determined defense. On April 25, the Australians crossed the Screw River, a vital waterway that flows through this region, on their way toward Midpum Creek, which they reached the following day. This movement was crucial for maintaining momentum in the campaign. While the 2/7th Battalion was engaged in heavy fighting, patrols from the 2/6th Battalion successfully secured the Neligum villages, although they encountered strong Japanese resistance at Mangumbu. This locality, bordered by lush vegetation and steep hills, served as a vital defensive position for Japanese forces. Simultaneously, intelligence reports about a small enemy contingent under Lieutenant-Colonel Takenaga Masaharu positioned at Tau prompted a swift response. On April 16, a platoon from the 2/5th Battalion departed from Aitape, a coastal town known for its strategic significance during the campaign. They tracked down the Japanese troops and engaged them at Kubriwat on April 24. After the Kubriwat engagement, Colonel Takenaga's troops managed to shake off pursuit by the Australians; yet as the Australians continued to harass them, Takenaga ultimately decided that they would surrender. They took a leaflet containing a notice of surrender that one of the soldiers had been carrying, added some conditions underneath in English, tied it to a pole for the Australians to find, and left the area. Scouts from Miles' platoon then found the leaflet and brought it back with them. On May 2, the Australian platoon spotted Takenaga's unit near Womgrer village, and asked a native to help them make contact. Two truce bearers from the Japanese side came to the Australians to negotiate, and on the following day Takenaga's unit surrendered at Womgrer and were disarmed. At the time of surrender, Takenaga's unit consisted of 42 men: five officers (including Takenaga), four warrant officers, and 33 non-commissioned officers and soldiers. They were equipped with five light machine guns, 17 rifles, five pistols, and 750 rounds of ammunition. The prisoners, escorted by Miles' platoon, marched for three days in an orderly fashion to Maprik Airport, and were then transported to Aitape. Takenaga's unit were held in Aitape for around one month, before being broken up and sent to prison camps in Lae and in Australia, where they received good treatment. They were all interrogated, and in particular, Takenaga was transported to Manila for a detailed interrogation. As well as giving character information about the commanders of the 18th Army, Takenaga gave his opinion of how the Allies should deal with Emperor Hirohito: "If the Emperor is killed then the Japanese people will resist until the bitter end, but if there is an order from the Emperor then they will probably surrender peacefully." Back in the Maprik sector, while Hayforce conducted probing operations and successfully captured Yentagim in early May, the Miyake Force began a withdrawal toward the Loanim-Yamil-Kumbungua line. This defensive line was a series of natural features and fortified positions designed to obstruct the advancing Australian troops. On the northern flank, the 2/6th Battalion also continued to patrol eastward, successfully securing the strategically important Mangumbu on May 2. This advancement not only disrupted enemy operations but also paved the way for further Australian advances in the region. On May 8, 1945, the 2/7th Battalion launched a decisive attack, successfully capturing part of the Kumbungua Ridge, a strategically significant high ground dominating the surrounding terrain. Two flame-throwers had now been received by the 2/7th and on 8th May these were used to drive the enemy from part of the narrow steep-sided Kumbungua ridge. The Japanese made off, abandoning 30 weapon-pits, but engaged the Australians from a knoll farther up the ridge. Just three days later, they captured the southern end of the ridge while another company moved to occupy Waigakum 1, a forward position that offered a crucial vantage point over the area. Flame-throwers were proving very effective. On 10th May the 2/7th occupied Waigakum 1, and on the 11th a platoon with flame-throwers attacked and took a position where the defenders abandoned 50 packs. Another platoon approached the knoll at the south end of the Kumbungua ridge from the south, attacked up a steep slope and put to flight the defenders who abandoned 25 packs and 100 sticks of gelignite. The Japanese opened fire, however, from higher up and, the ground being unsuitable for defence, the platoon withdrew. By May 13, following effective air support that softened enemy defenses, central Kumbungua was found abandoned by Japanese forces, a testament to the pressure the Australians had applied. The following day, after another heavy bombardment from both aircraft and artillery, the entire ridge was finally secured, marking a significant accomplishment in the campaign. Pressing on, the Australians cleared the area northeast of Kalabu by May 26. However, they faced stiff resistance and found it challenging to make further advances. As a result, the 2/7th Battalion reorganized to defend the captured positions, consolidating their gains to ensure they could withstand potential counterattacks from the tenacious enemy. In the meantime, on May 17, Waigakum 2 fell to Australian troops. This success forced the cutoff remnants of General Mano's 41st Division to begin their retreat to the east, as the Australians patrolled further towards Malba, another critical location along their advance. The loss of Waigakum to the 2/7th Battalion in mid-May had a very upsetting effect on the Japanese. It was the point of junction between Miyake Force, now 800 strong, and the 41st Division and, according to General Yoshiwara, this loss led directly to the withdrawal from Kalabu and Loanim. On the 19th a platoon, guided by natives, surprised six Japanese in a garden south-east of Kalabu. Here Private Jenkins" came upon one Japanese asleep outside a weapon-pit. As he was within feet of me (wrote Jenkins later) I thought it was an excellent opportunity to take a prisoner so I woke him with a light kick and pulled him to his feet with my left hand, keeping my Owen gun in my right. I had managed to get my prisoner some paces from his position when a slight noise alerted his mates and they opened fire on the patrol. With this the Jap broke from my grasp and I was forced to shoot him. One other Japanese was killed and the others made off.Turning their attention northward, the 2/6th Battalion attempted to attack the village of Jamei on May 20. However, they were met with fierce resistance from Japanese defenders, which compelled the Australians to bombard the area intensively with artillery and air strikes until the enemy was finally forced to retreat on May 25. While the Australians were continuing to probe towards Yamil, elements of the 2/7th Battalion executed successful attacks in the Malba area, which was ultimately secured by the end of the month. This marked a crucial step in their advance as they pushed deeper into enemy territory. Meanwhile, in the coastal sector, Brigadier King's 16th Brigade concentrated its efforts east of the But River, extending up to the Kofi area. At the same time, Brigadier Martin's 29th Brigade assembled at But, preparing for the final drive toward Wewak, a town that had become a strategic target for Allied forces in their campaign to eradicate Japanese presence in New Guinea. On April 14, the 2/1st Battalion passed through the lines of the 2/2nd Battalion, launching an attack toward the Karawop-Wisling area. This sector, known for its rugged topography and dense underbrush, finally fell to the relentless Australian assaults two days later after a series of intense company-level attacks. On April 25, the 2/1st Battalion occupied the crucial 1800 Feature without facing any opposition. This high ground provided them with significant tactical advantages in the ongoing conflict. Meanwhile, the 2/3rd Battalion, positioned to the north, successfully launched an attack on Boiken Plantation. Their efforts were rewarded as they advanced to Kalimboa the following day, further consolidating Australian positions in the region. On April 27, 1945, the 2/2nd Battalion moved swiftly through the advancing lines, pushing forward to Hawain and crossing the river in their quest to engage Japanese forces. Concurrently, the 2/3rd Battalion patrolled south along Boiken Creek, where they encountered significant enemy resistance in the Koanumbo area. After a series of determined assaults, this area was ultimately secured by May 2, allowing the Australians to fortify their positions. At this point in the campaign, Brigadier Martin's 19th Brigade took over the advance towards Cape Wom, and subsequently, the strategic objective of Wewak. This movement coincided with preparations by Lieutenant-Colonel Eric Hennessy's 2/6th Commando Regiment, which was organizing for a surprise landing east of Cape Moem, a critical maneuver aimed at outflanking Japanese defenses. On May 3, the 2/4th Battalion advanced from Hawain, managing to cover six miles without facing any opposition. By the next day, they reached Wom without incident. As night fell, Australian patrols had already established a presence along the Waringe River, preparing for further actions. During this time, patrols targeted Japanese stragglers in the vicinity, eliminating several and gathering intelligence. Reconnaissance units were then sent forward to Minga Creek to assess enemy positions while the 2/4th secured Yarabos on May 7, progressively tightening the noose around Japanese defenses. Meanwhile, the 2/8th Battalion, positioned on the right flank, engaged in a series of minor clashes, successfully capturing Ranimboa on May 4, followed by Numikim just days later. These advances were crucial in pressuring the remaining Japanese forces, which, under Generals Adachi and Nakano, were increasingly evident in their abandonment of the substantial base at Wewak. Their main forces began to withdraw over the rugged terrain of the Prince Alexander Mountains, leaving behind strong rearguards tasked with covering their exit routes from Wewak. To counter this withdrawal, the 2/11th Battalion and the 2/7th Commando Squadron were dispatched on a wide encircling movement towards the Sauri villages and Wirui Mission, aiming to cut off the retreating Japanese forces. Meanwhile, the 2/4th Battalion crossed Minga Creek and launched an attack towards Wewak on May 8, seeking to claim the final strategic stronghold. Two days later, bolstered by supporting tanks and artillery, the 2/4th Battalion initiated a vigorous assault on Wewak Point. This area, positioned at the very tip of the peninsula, was essential for controlling the coastal approaches to Wewak. After a hard-fought engagement, the Australians successfully seized the entirety of Wewak Point, subsequently mopping up the remaining Japanese soldiers who had entrenched themselves in the caves along the cliffs, effectively concluding the intense fighting in this region. At 12.15 two companies were ordered to mop up.cThat afternoon a flame-thrower fired into a bunker apparently lit a dump of bombs which blew up. Smith's company found several occupied caves and, since the Japanese would not surrender, merely picqueted them until engineers arrived and blew up the entrances, sealing the Japanese in. It was estimated that about 50 perished in the caves; by midnight 65 other dead had been counted and three 75-mm guns and two 20-mm had been captured. In a brilliant action the Australians, supported by tanks and more than 40 field guns, had lost only 2 killed and 17 wounded. Mopping up was continued next day, and no live Japanese remained on the point by midday. Finally it was estimated that from 180 to 200 Japanese had been killed. On May 11, 1945, following their progress along the Big Road, the 2/11th Battalion set out to occupy the strategic 620, 710, and 770 Features. However, they soon encountered unexpected resistance over the following days. This was not merely an isolated skirmish; it was part of a broader engagement as they pressed their advance against the entrenched Japanese defenders. Meanwhile, an important operation was unfolding to the west. The 2/9th and 2/10th Commando Squadrons, supported by a small flotilla formed around the sloop Swan, successfully landed on Dove Bay's Red Beach, located just to the west of Forok Point. This maneuver was critical, as it disrupted Japanese supply lines and provided the Australians with a foothold to cut off the Wewak Road. Following their landing, the squadrons dispatched patrols eastward, further isolating Japanese forces. The next day, the 2/3rd Machine-Gun Battalion secured the junction of the Wewak Road and Forok Creek, a key point for controlling the surrounding areas, while the 2/9th Commando Squadron patrolled past Mandi, gaining valuable intelligence. The 2/4th Battalion, capitalizing on this chaos, pressed forward to secure the Wewak airfield and the Wirui Mission, both of which were vital for maintaining air support and supply routes in the theater of operations. On May 13, the 2/11th Battalion successfully captured the 620 Feature, a crucial hill that provided vantage points over the battlefield. However, they struggled to take the 710 Feature the next day, as Japanese resistance intensified in the rugged foothills south of the Big Road.  On 14th May, the 2/11th being heavily engaged in the foothills south of the Big Road, Lt Martin had ordered the 2/4th to attack Wirui Mission, which was on a steep kunai-covered hill about 300 feet high dominating the airfield. Approaching from the east through tall kunai the leading com-pany with a troop of tanks soon took the first objective-dominating ground about half way up the hill. Captain Smith's company passed through and, with the tanks, whose crews estimated that they killed about 30 Japanese, reached the top. By nightfall the top and the eastern slopes were held but the Japanese were fighting back from bunkers on the north-west slopes. Next day Smith's company attacked these remaining bunkers. The lead-ing section was halted by intense fire after several men had been hit. Private Kenna, in the supporting section, which was firing on the bunkers at a range of only 50 yards, stood up in the kunai grass in full view of the enemy and fired his Bren at one of the Japanese machine-gun posts. The Japanese machine-gunners returned his fire but failed to hit him. Kenna then said to Private Rau who was beside him that the Japanese "had a bead on him" and he asked for Rau's rifle. Still standing, he fired four rifle shots and silenced the enemy post. He then took the Bren again and opened fire on another post about 70 yards away and silenced it too. The remaining post was then knocked out by a tank; soon the 2/4th and 2/11th were in contact. About 40 Japanese were killed and perhaps 20 escaped in the fight for the mission. Large quantities of weapons, vehicles, generators, tele-phones and other equipment were found there. Possession of Wirui Mission gave complete control of the Wewak coastal plain. Captured papers made it possible to make a fairly precise estimate of the forces immediately round Wewak: Kato Force, built round the 25th Airfield Battalion and about 300 strong, was holding from Sauri to Wirui Creek; Jinka Force, about 400 strong, was holding from Wirui Creek to the east, including Boram airfield, and south into the range as far as Passam; to the east was Aoyama Force, of unknown strength; the coastal plain to a depth of about 1,000 yards was not held in strength, and it was thought that there would be little opposition on the coast at least as far as Boram airfield Supported by artillery fire and through persistent efforts, the 2/11th finally took the 710 Feature on May 15, which allowed them to begin patrolling towards the 770 Feature and the nearby Klewalin, two additional strongholds that were key to the entire operation. Simultaneously, since May 11, the 2/7th Commando Squadron had been engaged in fierce fighting. They maneuvered through a series of knolls in the Sauri villages area, which they ultimately cleared by May 16, further tightening the noose around Japanese defenses. On that same day, after intense air and naval bombardments prepared the way, the 2/8th Battalion began their advance toward Boram. This crucial location fell into their hands unopposed by nightfall, allowing significant advances in the Australian front line. However, on May 17, as the 2/8th Battalion continued its push to the mouth of Boram Creek, they encountered a strongly-held Japanese position. This area, characterized by intricate terrain and dense jungle cover, presented formidable challenges as they sought to advance further into Japanese-occupied territory. The enemy bunkers would remain a formidable obstacle until May 20, when a heavy bombardment finally rendered them inoperative. Following this, the Australians seized the opportunity to exploit their gains and advanced further east to occupy Cape Moem. This maneuver allowed them to establish contact with the commando force at Brandi Plantation just two days later, strengthening their foothold along the coast. On May 24, the 2/11th Battalion occupied the strategic 770 feature after enduring its own heavy bombardment. Three days later, they managed to destroy the last remnants of enemy forces south of the 710 feature, marking a significant step in the campaign. On May 25, the 2/4th Battalion also launched a patrol into the village of Koigin, taking the location after a sharp and intense fight. However, amidst these operations, Brigadier Martin fell ill with malaria and was temporarily replaced by Lieutenant-Colonel John Bishop, a shift that would guide the troops through the operational challenges ahead. By the end of May, the 6th Division had pushed most remnants of the Japanese 18th Army away from the coast, including their vital base at Wewak. The Japanese forces were now confined within the rugged, mountainous terrain, squeezed between the 17th Brigade, positioned forward of Maprik to the west, and the remainder of the 6th Division to the north. In preparation for the next phase of their campaign, General Moten set out to secure the line from Solongan to Kulauru Mission. The 2/5th Battalion relieved the 2/7th Battalion and moved against Kulauru and Ulupu, while the 2/6th Battalion advanced towards Yamil. The Australians acted swiftly and decisively, rapidly capturing Newton's Knoll and Palketia during the first week of June. On June 10, after extensive air strikes and bombardments weakened enemy defenses, the 2/6th Battalion successfully entered Yamil. Just three days later, on June 13, the 2/5th Battalion continued their momentum by capturing Yamil 3 and Yuman as the beleaguered Miyake Force began its retreat towards Ulupu, indicating the deteriorating situation for Japanese forces in the region. Despite the Australians' relentless advance and the heavy bombardment inflicted upon them, the Japanese remained determined to defend Kunai Spur. Their tenacity meant that the Australians could only secure Yamil 4 on June 24, underscoring the intensity of the fighting in this strategic area. At this critical juncture, the 2nd New Guinea Battalion arrived in the Hayfield area to patrol southwards towards Kwimbu, Mikau, and Kunjinge. These movements further reinforced the Australian positions and set the stage for the continuing efforts to dismantle the last remnants of Japanese resistance in the region. On June 11, 1945, the 2/8th Battalion successfully seized Hill 1 after a concentrated air and artillery bombardment that softened up the enemy defenses. This pivotal victory allowed them to establish a critical foothold in the area, vital for subsequent operations. Just five days later, on June 16, both artillery and aircraft targeted Hill 2 and Shiburangu, two crucial positions that had become points of interest in the ongoing campaign. After numerous attempts and repeated efforts by the infantry, the Australians ultimately captured Hill 2, a strategic vantage point that further pressured Japanese forces in the region.At 8 a.m. on 16th June aircraft struck both Hill 2 and Shiburangu and then the artillery began a program in which 3,000 rounds were fired. One company began to advance on Hill 2 at 9.30. Warrant-Officer Fisk's platoon, which was forward, met heavy fire from snipers on both flanks and machine-gun fire from the hills and lost one man killed and one wounded. It withdrew to the cover of the spur and moved to outflank the enemy on the left. Meanwhile at 9.45 a second company had taken the pocket without opposition. At 10 a.m. the first company was still held. The men rested under the lip of the hill while the artillery again bombarded the enemy's positions and flame-throwers were brought forward. At 1.30 the company surged over the crest of the hill and, after close fighting in which each bunker was grenaded, the surviving Japanese fled leaving 38 visible dead and perhaps another 20 buried by the air and artillery bombardment. The Australians lost 2 killed and 3 wounded. "Aerial bombing coupled with artillery concentration does not deter the enemy from fighting nor unsettle him unduly," wrote the battalion diarist. "Such fanatical resistance in face of such odds makes the capturing of these strong points no light task." Meanwhile, the 2/4th Battalion worked diligently to clear the eastern side of the Koigin-Tazaki track, progressing 600 yards south of Koigin by June 13. This advancement helped secure vital supply routes and reinforced the Australians' operational capabilities. On June 14, the Australians continued their momentum by successfully securing Mount Kawakubo, another significant terrain feature. Five days later, on June 19, the 2/4th and 2/11th Battalions launched a coordinated attack towards Tazaki. Thanks to the overwhelming support of air and artillery bombardments, Tazaki ultimately fell into Australian hands by June 24, marking yet another victory in their relentless push against Japanese defenses. On June 22, the 2/8th captured the last knoll before Shiburangu. Following this success, artillery began to register targets on Shiburangu, setting the stage for a significant assault. By June 27, after a particularly heavy air and artillery bombardment that saturated the area with firepower, the 2/8th Battalion launched a bold attack to seize Shiburangu. Utilizing an outflanking maneuver, they managed to surprise the fierce defenders, overcoming their determined resistance. As the 2/4th Battalion cleared the remaining enemy pockets in the Tazaki area, the 2/8th Battalion pressed their advantage, attacking and securing the area to the west on July 3. The two battalions effectively linked up two days later, solidifying their control over the region and paving the way for further advances in the campaign. Looking back to the southwest, after nearly three weeks of stiff resistance, the Japanese finally abandoned Kunai Spur on July 3, 1945. This withdrawal opened the door for Australian forces, who swiftly occupied Ulupu just two days later. The effort to clear the surrounding area began in earnest, but it wasn't until July 8 that the strongly-held northern knoll was taken after intense fighting. On July 9, through a sustained bombardment, the Japanese were driven out of Ulum, marking a significant breakthrough; their defense system had been shattered. Following this success, patrols from the 2/5th Battalion advanced rapidly, moving forward about 2000 yards with only minor skirmishes. They reached and occupied Kulauru Mission on July 11, reinforcing the Australians' control over the area. Pressing northeast, the remaining Japanese forces in the vicinity were rapidly dispersed, and by July 18, Ilipem fell into Australian hands. During this time, the 2/6th Battalion was busy securing the Ulunkohoitu Ridge, further consolidating the Australians' hold on the region. At the same time, the 2nd New Guinea Battalion had been probing south and east, successfully securing critical locations such as Kongambe, Kwandaning, Naila, and Gisanambu. With the Japanese now regrouping along the Kaboibus-Ahegulim-Gwalip line, General Moten aimed to accelerate the advance, directing both the 2nd New Guinea Battalion and the rested 2/7th Battalion to converge on Gwalip. Meanwhile, the 2/5th and 2/6th Battalions pressed east towards Kaboibus. Despite facing challenges and some failed attacks against Dunbit and Aoniaru, the New Guineans were able to concentrate their forces near Gwalip by July 22, and five days later, Sigora fell to their determined assault. On July 30, they launched an attack and captured Ulama, nearly catching General Mano's headquarters at Winge in the process, which forced the defenders to retreat towards Suaui. As momentum continued to build, the 2/5th Battalion pressed on, supported by heavy air strikes. By August 1, they had successfully taken Gwenik, further disrupting Japanese lines. The following day, as the Australians advanced along the Kaboibus Ridge, they successfully occupied the Kaboibus villages. To their astonishment, they encountered only minor opposition, underscoring the disarray within the Japanese ranks as the Australians continued their relentless push through the region. On August 4, 1945, the 2/5th Battalion successfully seized Ahegulim, a strategic location that added to their momentum. Three days later, they captured Malabeim, completing their objectives in the region. Following this success, the Australians began probing towards Mount Irup, further extending their influence over the landscape. Concurrently, on August 6, the 2/7th Battalion embarked on a wide movement from Sigora aimed at Kiarivu, reaching this target two days later. This advance was part of a broader campaign in which New Guinean troops also secured key areas such as Miyamboara and Mananingi, reflecting the persistent efforts of Moten's 17th Brigade as they conducted their final offensive actions. Turning to the eastern front, the 8th Brigade's 30th and 35th Battalions had relieved the 2/4th and 2/11th Battalions in early July, taking charge of the Wirui Creek-Mandi area. On July 13, Brigadier Martin, who had resumed command of the 19th Brigade, ordered the 2/8th Battalion to capture the critical positions known as The Blot and Hambrauri. Following this directive, the Australians successfully attacked and seized The Blot the very next day. On July 16, Hambrauri 1 fell into Australian hands without opposition, allowing them to begin probing towards another strategically important feature: St. Patrick's. After significant preparations and a heavy bombardment, St. Patrick's was captured on July 21. The following day, the 2/8th Battalion captured Hambrauri 2 with little resistance, showcasing their growing operational effectiveness. During this time, the 2/1st Battalion executed a diversionary thrust along the Sambukaua Track, drawing Japanese attention away from main Australian advances. Simultaneously, the 2/6th Commando Regiment faced daring infiltration attempts to the west in the vicinity of Boiken, further complicating the operational landscape.  On June 24 five Japanese approaching along the beach entered the Angau compound at Wisling, stole 3 Owen guns, a pistol, and 3 Japanese rifles. A patrol followed these marauders, killed 2 and retrieved the weapons. Next day about 10 Japanese ambushed a party of the 2/10th Commando Squadron south of Boiken Plantation and killed Lieutenant Martin and wounded 4 others; and that night about 20 stole into the plantation. On June 28 signs were found that some 35 Japanese had slept the previous night 400 yards from a commando perimeter. On July 23 a commando patrol had a sharp clash with perhaps 40 Japanese in the hills south of Wanpea and more than 15 miles west of Wewak; 8 Japanese were killed as well as 4 Australians. The Japanese were justly proud of the valour and successes of the raiding parties which harassed the Australians between Wewak and Dagua in May, June and July. Several groups were organised and trained for these enterprises, the most celebrated being led by Lieutenant Saito Hachiro of the 78th Regiment who had first earned fame as a patrol leader in the Huon Peninsula fighting. In June his party set off to raid Maprik, but was intercepted, Saito and most of his followers being killed. From June 15 onwards two parties of raiders operated in the Karawop and Boiken areas with the object of diverting their enemy's strength away from the 51st Division farther east. These parties, which claimed to have killed more than 100 Australians (a wild overestimate) were the ones coped with by the 2/6th Commando Regiment. Another series of raids in late July and early August were considered less successful, because of improved Australian security measures. On July 25, Japanese General Adachi issued orders for a "last stand" around the areas of Nyakombi and Sassuia. The main body of the 18th Army was now in an are facing north and west. The 51st Division was on the right opposing the troops advancing from Wewak, the 20th Division in the centre and the 41st on the left. Yoshiwara had now reported that the food resources of the Sepik area were less than had been believed, though there might be more in the hinterland. Already about 2,800 troops were stationed in the Sepik Valley from Marienberg to about Kanganaman and were living off the country. Adachi decided to make a last stand in the area embracing, in the north, Nyakombi and Sassuia. Here they would fight on "as long as ammunition and food are available and at least until the end of September". Liaison was to be maintained with the force in the Sepik area which was to prepare to carry on "ambush warfare" after the main force had been wiped out. This plan had been conveyed to Field Marshal Terauchi, commanding the Southern Army, and he approved it on 8th July. Despite its many setbacks during the campaign, Terauchi sent a citation to the 18th Army. It was the first time that a Japanese army had been so honoured. The citation ran: "To the 18th Army and all attached units: With Lieut-General Hatazo Adachi as your com-mander, you have fought vigorously for three years in north-east New Guinea, where numerous epidemics prevailed and where the terrain was hitherto unknown to any Japanese. When the enemy occupied the west coast in April 1944, to cut off supplies, you learned to live off grass and trees, and by making the best of the situation, you conquered all unfavourable conditions. Officers and soldiers alike displayed the true spirit of the Japanese Army. Wherever you encountered the enemy, you crushed them and inflicted many casualties. You have inspired fear into the hearts of the enemy and diverted their sea and air strength, thereby contributing much to the Southern Army's operations and furthermore, to all the Armies of the Empire. You were able to accomplish this through the excellent leadership, planning, fidelity and character of your Army Commander. By the sense of sincerity, loyalty and moral obligation of all the troops, you have set a model for all men to follow. I hereby present this citation and proclaim this to all the Armies."  Amidst these developments, Major General Stevens was orchestrating a series of troop reliefs along the front lines. King's 16th Brigade was set to replace the 19th Brigade, which in turn would relieve the 17th Brigade to the west, ensuring continuous pressure on Japanese positions while maintaining the momentum of the Australian advance. Consequently, on July 28, 1945, the 2/2nd Battalion relieved the 2/8th in the Hambrauri area, immediately dispatching patrols to probe towards Numoikum. Their operational efforts culminated in the successful seizure of Mount Shoto on August 2. By August 6, with the backing of artillery fire, the Australians had secured Numoikum and Rindogim. However, this marked the last offensive action in the area, as the Australians shifted their focus to patrolling forward in order to consolidate their gains. By the end of the Aitape-Wewak Campaign, the 6th Division had sustained significant casualties, with 442 men killed and 1,141 wounded, while inflicting heavy losses on Japanese forces, estimated at around 9,000 killed and capturing 269 prisoners. With this chapter closed, it was time to shift the scene to Balikpapan, where the conclusion of the Borneo Campaign awaited. As we rejoin the action, by July 9, General Milford's 7th Australian Division had largely secured the Balikpapan area. Brigadier Chilton's 18th Brigade executed a successful landing at Penadjam, Djinabora, and Teloktebang on the western side of the bay. Simultaneously, Brigadier Eather's 25th Brigade advanced towards Batuchampar along Milford Highway, while Brigadier Dougherty's 21st Brigade secured key positions in the Sepinggang and Manggar areas. On July 10, the 2/31st Battalion secured the Cello position and the fallen-timber area directly in front with crucial support from artillery and tanks. In a bold move, one of their companies launched an attack towards the position known as Coke; however, this assault was met with fierce resistance and was ultimately repelled by intense crossfire from well-entrenched defenders. To the left of their advance, the 2/6th Commando Squadron probed toward Sumber Kiri, successfully securing the village and bolstering the Australians' hold in the region. At this moment, the 2/27th Battalion took over the left flank at Manggar, which allowed the exhausted 2/14th Battalion to probe towards Sambodja without risk of being outflanked. The next day, as the 2/27th moved through the 2/14th to occupy Lamaru, the 2/25th Battalion began the process of relieving the weary 2/31st, ensuring that fresh forces could continue the advance. On July 12, the commandos initiated probing operations towards a position known as Charm, successfully occupying both Cloncurry and Abash in the following two days. These captures were significant in securing the area and maintaining the momentum of the Australian advance through Balikpapan. After extensive patrolling on both sides of the highway, the 2/25th Battalion finally dispatched two companies on July 14 to occupy the strategic locations of Cart and Calm. These efforts led to the successful securing of Cocoa, Calm, and Chair, all achieved without resistance. That same day, to the east, patrols discovered Amborawang and the ridges north of Bale unoccupied. Recognizing this opportunity, the 2/27th Battalion moved into the area three days later. On July 15, the 2/9th Battalion sent patrols towards Separi and along the Parehpareh River, aiming to cut the enemy's lines of communication. Concurrently, the 2/25th Battalion solidified its control over Cart, enabling them to dominate the highway from both the east and west. However, their position was soon contested as they faced a series of heavy Japanese counterattacks during the following nights, testing their resolve and defensive capabilities. By July 17, the 2/25th had moved to occupy Charm, situated prominently by the highway, while a company from the 2/33rd Battalion took over Cart, allowing both units to repel yet another strong night counterattack from Japanese forces. The next day, the 2/27th finally entered the unoccupied Sambodja area, while patrols began to probe westward toward the Milford Highway. On July 19, the 2/31st Battalion cleared the last remnants of Japanese presence from the highway, paving the way for uninterrupted Australian operations. The following day, the 2/25th destroyed a robust enemy pocket, allowing them to occupy Abide without further incident. On July 21, the remaining Japanese forces retreated from the Batuchampar area, prompting the Australians to push toward Pope's Track while extensively patrolling northward. By this time, the bulk of the 2/1st Pioneer Battalion had been landed at Djinabora, establishing a patrol base in the Tempadung area. A week later, following a naval bombardment, the Australians occupied Pamaluan and began probing operations to the east and north. This series of actions marked the conclusion of the Battle of Balikpapan. The Australians opted to halt any offensive operations at this point and instead focus on consolidating their positions through enhanced patrolling. During the course of the battle, Australian forces tragically suffered 229 killed and 634 wounded, while inflicting significant losses on the Japanese, with approximately 2,032 killed and 63 captured. Thus, Australian casualties for the broader Borneo Campaign totaled around 2,100, while Japanese losses were estimated at around 4,700. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. General George Stevens led brave troops against the entrenched Japanese forces aiming to capture the strategic town of Wewak. Despite fierce resistance and rugged terrain, they successfully advanced, featuring key victories after relentless battles. Australian artillery and infantry engaged in daring assaults, securing vital positions like the Kumbungua Ridge and establishing airfields. As the campaign progressed, Japanese forces dwindled, ultimately surrendering at Wewak. 

In this episode, we welcome Dr. Roger Herbert—retired Navy Captain, former SEAL commander, professor of ethics, and distinguished academic. Dr. Herbert's career spans from leading undersea special operations to teaching future naval officers at the U.S. Naval Academy. We explore Dr. Herbert's remarkable journey marked by leadership, ethics, and profound moral challenges. Dr. Herbert shares stories of combat, personal transformation, and the vital importance of principled leadership—even under the most extreme conditions. --- CORRECTION: Roger has advised me that he misspoke when he described a SEAL operation in Anbar Province.  Operation Redwings, the 2005 SEAL reconnaissance mission that inspired the book/movie "Lone Survivor," took place in Afghanistan's Kunar Province.  (Anbar is a province in Iraq.)  --- What We Discuss: * The intense process of becoming and leading Navy SEALs * How war can spark deep ethical reflection and personal evolution * What moral leadership looks like in combat zones—and classrooms * Why teaching ethics to future military leaders is more important than ever * How pivotal life decisions can stem from unexpected, even humorous, moments --- Featured Quotes: “The secret sauce of being a SEAL is learning how far you can really go—and it's always further than you think.” – Dr. Roger Herbert “We push candidates to what they *think* is their limit… and then some crazy few keep going. That's where we find the SEALs.” “Ethics isn't just theory—it's what helps you come home with honor.” “We don't swear loyalty to a person. We swear to a document. That's the power of the U.S. Constitution.” --- Resources Mentioned: * Dr. Roger Herbert's Substack - rogerherbert.substack.com * The Ethics of Special Ops: Raids, Recoveries, Reconnaissance, and Rebels - https://www.amazon.com/Ethics-Special-Ops-Recoveries-Reconnaissance-ebook/dp/B0CLGJK8R6?ref_=ast_author_dp&th=1&psc=1 * Ethics at War: How Should Military Personnel Make Ethical Decisions? - https://www.amazon.com/Ethics-War-Military-Personnel-Decisions-ebook/dp/B0CKFGDXQY?ref_=ast_author_dp&th=1&psc=1 ---

durée : 00:02:03 - Le grand format - Après des décennies de silence, les foyers religieux pour mères et bébés de l'Irlande vont commencer à révéler leurs lourds secrets. Des exhumations vont débuter ce lundi sur le site de Tuam, dans l'ouest du pays, où près de 800 nouveaux-nés et enfants sont morts. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Après son mariage, Rav Gerchon Edelstein a loué une pièce en guise d'appartement. Mais comme il n'a loué qu'une pièce, le propriétaire n'a pas voulu le laisser accéder aux toilettes. Pourtant, le Rav lui a témoigné une reconnaissance particulière...

Aujourd'hui, Antoine Diers, Joëlle Dago-Serry et Jérôme Marty débattent de l'actualité autour d'Alain Marschall et Olivier Truchot.

Des massacres, des enfants arrachés à leurs familles, une culture combattue à des fins d'assimilation : selon une commission d'enquête de l'État de Victoria, les Aborigènes australiens ont bien subi un génocide perpétré par les colons européens dès la fin du XVIIIè siècle. Pourquoi ces accusations ? Comment sont-elles perçues en Australie ? Qu'en est-il de la réalité des peuples autochtones en 2025 ? Avec :  - Martin Préaud, anthropologue, docteur en Anthropologie sociale et culturelle, auteur des articles « Peuples autochtones en Australie : un génocide structurel ? » dans Mémoires en jeu n°12 (2020) et un « Un référendum qui laisse sans Voix – l'Australie refuse d'écouter ses peuples autochtones » dans Journal de la Société des Océanistes 2023/2 (n°157), p.273-284  - Delphine Durand, docteure en Histoire de l'art et des religions, écrivaine, membre du comité de rédaction de la revue Apulée aux éditions Zulma. Elle a coordonné le dossier « Mondes aborigènes d'Australie. Le sang des rêves ».  Une émission présentée par Matthieu Vendrely. 

Salut c'est Ibby,Dans cet épisode, on parle de gratitude. Pas celle qu'on récite machinalement, mais celle qui vient te réveiller en plein doute. Celle qui te murmure : tu as de la chance, même si tout ne va pas bien. Même si tu ne vois pas encore tout ce que tu portes déjà.Je partage avec toi des réflexions, des idées et des petits conseils pour t'aider à poser un nouveau regard sur ta vie. Parce que parfois, on oublie que respirer, aimer, espérer, c'est déjà énorme. Tu as de la chance d'avoir encore une page blanche. D'avoir des choix. D'avoir un cœur qui ressent, même s'il se fatigue parfois.Tu n'es pas en retard. Tu es en chemin. Et il y a plus de beauté autour de toi que tu ne le crois.Alors prends un moment pour toi et rejoins-moi dans cette réflexion bienveillante.Rappelle-toi : le plus bel amour, c'est celui que tu te portes à toi-même.N'hésite pas à lâcher un 5 ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ et un petit commentaire

Comme Jésus, Paul remerciait Dieu pour beaucoup de choses. Il le remerciait d'être reçu comme ministre de l'Évangile. Il le remerciait pour ses collaborateurs. Il le remerciait pour les églises qu'il implantait. Il le remerciait pour les membres de ces églises. Deux Corinthiens 2:14 montre toute l'étendue de la reconnaissance de l'apôtre : « Que Dieu soit remercié, lui qui nous fait toujours triompher en Christ et qui propage partout, à travers nous, le parfum de sa connaissance ! » Paul est conscient que c'est à la grâce de Dieu que nous devons toutes ces bénédictions. Nous pouvons suivre l'exemple de l'apôtre et consacrer notre vie à rendre grâces à Dieu de ce qu'il nous fait toujours triompher en Christ. Je te remercie, Père, pour la victoire de Christ, qui rend possibles mon salut et la vie en toi. Comme Paul, je veux vivre chaque jour dans la reconnaissance pour ta puissance et ton œuvre merveilleuse dans ma vie. Aide-moi à ne jamais oublier la grâce que tu déverses sur moi. — Êtes-vous prêt à aller plus loin ?

Le vendredi 27 juin 2025, l'assemblée Corse a reconnu l'existance de la Palestine, dans une motion intitulée « soutien au peuple palestinien et violations du droit international par l'État israélien dans la bande de Gaza ». À travers cette motion la Corse « reconnaît officiellement l'Etat de la Palestine dans les frontières de 1967 ». La France, elle, ne reconnaît toujours pas cet état…. La Palestine coche bien toutes les cases pour être reconnue comme Etat. L'Autorité palestinienne se situe à Ramallah en Cisjordanie occupée… En 1988, le Président palestinnien, Yasser Arafat, avait accepté la solution à deux états en acceptant la résolution 242 du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies.  Quelles sont les conditions pour être reconnu comme Etat ? Combien de pays reconnaissent aujourd'hui la Palestine ? Qu'est-ce que ça change si la France reconnaît la Palestine ?  Écoutez la suite de cet épisode de Maintenant vous savez ! Un podcast Bababam Originals écrit et réalisé par Hugo de l'Estrac. À écouter ensuite : Pourquoi le Rassemblement National est-il régulièrement accusé d'antisémitisme ? Qu'est-ce que le projet Périclès, pour donner le pouvoir à l'extrême droite ? Qu'est-ce que le “backlash” ? Retrouvez tous les épisodes de "Maintenant vous savez".Suivez Bababam sur Instagram. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

durée : 00:02:28 - Bientôt chez vous - En Asie, des scientifiques dissimulent des messages cachés dans leurs travaux pour manipuler l'intelligence artificielle et faire valider leurs recherches par leurs collègues. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

In part two of this podcast, Jim Clover OBE, Varadius Ltd, continues to uncover the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) in the intelligence community with Harry Kemsley and Sean Corbett. They discuss the fine line between the innovative applications of AI and the critical importance of human oversight in intelligence analysis. Explore how AI is reshaping intelligence gathering, the risks of over reliance on technology, and the vital role of ‘prompt engineering' for accurate and ethical outcomes.

Voici en quelques points, un resumé de cette conférence : - Importance de Reconnaissance et Bonté: La reconnaissance (akaratatov) est définie comme la capacité de reconnaître le bien que quelqu'un nous a fait. Cette reconnaissance est liée à la bonté, qui elle-même ne peut exister sans un manque préalable. Ainsi, la gratitude et la bonté sont interdépendantes, nécessitant un manque pour apprécier le bien. - Les Relations et Complétude: Les relations, notamment entre hommes et femmes, sont essentielles à la complétude de chacun. Chaque personne a des qualités et des défauts, et le travail sur les différences (symbolisées par la toile de jute entre deux aimants) est nécessaire pour qu'une relation fonctionne. - Évolution et Travail sur Soi: L'évolution personnelle et le travail sur ses traits de caractère (midotes) sont cruciaux. Le couple doit frotter les différences pour se rapprocher et s'unir. La capacité à reconnaître et à apprécier les qualités de l'autre, tout en travaillant sur ses propres défauts, est essentielle pour une relation harmonieuse. - Perspective de Long Terme et Adaptation: La vie en couple implique de voir au-delà des défauts immédiats et d'apprécier les qualités morales, la patience et la pureté. Les difficultés et les moments douloureux, comme les muscles qui se renforcent par l'exercice, contribuent à la croissance personnelle et à l'évolution du couple. - Importance de l'Éducation et de l'Implicité: Être parent et élever des enfants est comparé à l'éducation plutôt qu'à l'élevage. L'implication active et l'évolution continue sont nécessaires pour grandir en tant que personne et en tant que couple. La Torah est vue comme un guide, mais la pratique et le dépassement des a priori sont indispensables pour réussir dans la vie conjugale. Le programme complet de Développement personnel est disponible sur www.jemetravaille.com

Music Credits: Intro: "Zero Signal," Sean Kolton, MechWarrior 5 Mercenaries Tension: "Awaiting (Remastered)," Frank Klepacki and the Tiberian Sons, Command and Conquer Remastered Collection Planning: "The Search (Remastered)," Frank Klepacki and the Tiberian Sons, Command and Conquer Remastered Collection Infiltration: "Back Door," Jeehun Hwang, MechWarrior 2 Definitive Soundtrack Connor Field: "Arazoid (Remastered," Frank Klepacki and the Tiberian Sons, Command and Conquer Remastered Collection Outro: "Tenacity, Two," Austin Wintory, The Pathless: Meditations

Highlights:- Private Spaceflight Anomaly: In this episode, we discuss a recent incident involving the Nyx capsule during the SpaceX Transporter 14 mission. Despite a communication loss and a failed parachute deployment leading to a tragic outcome, the Exploration Company views the mission as a partial success, highlighting the technical milestones achieved.- NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Innovations: We explore how NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, after nearly two decades in operation, is performing new manoeuvres to gather deeper insights into the Martian subsurface. The orbiter's ability to roll 120 degrees has significantly enhanced its radar capabilities, allowing it to map ice deposits crucial for future exploration.- Nova Philip A celestial spectacle unfolds as the nova Philip bursts into visibility, transforming from a faint star to one bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. We delve into the fascinating process of classical nova explosions and provide tips for stargazers hoping to catch a glimpse of this transient phenomenon.- Exoplanet Habitability Analysis: We discuss a new statistical analysis of exoplanets that has identified promising candidates for life. By examining key characteristics of both planets and their stars, researchers have categorised exoplanets based on their potential habitability, with Kepler 22b emerging as a leading candidate for further investigation.- NASA and Australia's Lunar Laser Communications: We highlight an exciting collaboration between NASA and the Australian National University to develop laser communication technologies for the Artemis 2 mission. This innovative approach promises to enhance data transmission speeds and efficiency for future lunar and deep space missions.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.Chapters:00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily01:10 - Private spaceflight anomaly10:00 - NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter innovations20:00 - Nova Philip30:00 - Exoplanet habitability analysis40:00 - NASA and Australia's lunar laser communications✍️ Episode ReferencesNyx Capsule Mission Update[Celestis](https://www.celestis.com/)Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)Nova Philip Information[All Sky Automated Survey](https://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~assn/ASAS.html)Exoplanet Habitability Study[UC Irvine](https://www.uci.edu/)NASA and ANU Lunar Collaboration[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)Astronomy Daily[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-space-news-updates--5648921/support.

In this session, we break down essential concepts in offensive security that every ethical hacker must know. You'll learn how TCP communication flags like SYN, ACK, FIN, and RST govern how systems talk to each other, and why the TCP Three-Way Handshake is the foundation of reliable connections. We then explore the true objective of network scanning — identifying live systems, open ports, and vulnerabilities. It's a key phase of reconnaissance for both attackers and defenders.Finally, we dive deep into NMAP, the go-to tool for network scanning. From simple commands to advanced options, you'll learn how to map a network and uncover potential entry points with precision.

Céline Géraud, accompagnée de la rédaction d'Europe 1, propose chaque midi un point complet sur l'actualité suivi de débats entre invités et auditeurs.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

The aircraft used was a tethered hydrogen balloon named l'Entreprenant, operated by the French army's newly established Company of Aeronauts, and it represented an innovation in military ...

While Artificial Intelligence AI is not a new phenomenon, its use in the gathering of intelligence and the amount of AI tools available are growing at pace. In part one of this podcast Harry Kemsley and Sean Corbett are joined by Jim Clover OBE, Varadius Ltd, to take a deeper look into the practical uses and implications of AI for the defence intelligence community. They explore its real-world effectiveness in gathering and analysing intelligence and also why human oversight is still critical to ensure the intelligence it is producing is both ethical and valuable.

  Sign up to attend HREC Course: https://shooting-performance.coursestorm.com/.../warrior...     On today's Coffee with Rich, we will be joined by Justin Carroll. We will be discussing 10 Keys to Success in the Police Academy. Join Us! Justin is a former Reconnaissance, Force Reconnaissance and MARSOC Special Operator, with tours in Iraq, Afghanistan and the Philippines. He was also former “OGA” contractor with many deployments to Central Asia. After his time in the Corps and with OGA, Justin was a contracted special operations instructor for the U.S. Military. Justin is a published author of six books, dozens of online and print magazines, and his amazing blog, Swift, Silent and Deadly. He has traveled the world with 28 countries and 44/50 U.S. states under his belt. He has been a podcaster, co-hosting the popular show Across the Peak, with yours truly, and is currently serving as a practicing Paramedic and Search & Rescue Team member.   Follow Justin: https://swiftsilentdeadly.com/ https://swiftsilentdeadly.com/keys-to-success-in-the.../ Coffee with Rich Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/rhodieusmc/videos American Warrior Show: https://americanwarriorshow.com/index.html SWAG: https://shop.americanwarriorsociety.com/ American Warrior Society please visit: https://americanwarriorsociety.com/

The Zodiac System (She/They) - Storyteller; William/Shani (Any/All) - Kallisto Osborn (She/Her) Gurahl; Drevian (They/Them) - Connor McLaughlin (He/Him) Bastet; Jeremy (They/Them) - Crystal Arias (She/Her) Nuwisha; Katie (She/Her) - Carrie Nicholls (She/Her) Corax; Siobhan (She/They) - Dr. Clover McKey (She/Her) Corax-----Thanks to all of our supporters at patreon.com/fsfilms for making this possible!Especially our $25+ Donors:Drevian AlexanderL ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

L'émission 28 minutes du 21/06/2025 Ce samedi, Renaud Dély décrypte l'actualité internationale avec nos clubistes : Isabelle Durant, experte droit au développement au Conseil des droits de l'homme , Maya Khadra, enseignante et journaliste franco-libanaise, Daniele Zappalà, correspondant du quotidien "Avvenire" et docteur en géopolitique, et la dessinatrice de presse, Dorthe Landschulz. La reconnaissance d'un État palestinien reportée sine die ?Cette semaine, une conférence organisée par la France et l'Arabie saoudite devait avoir lieu à New York, durant laquelle Emmanuel Macron aurait pu reconnaître un État palestinien. Cette dernière a été reportée à cause du conflit entre Israël et l'Iran qui ne permettait pas à plusieurs dirigeants arabes de se rendre aux États-Unis. 148 des 193 membres de l'ONU reconnaissent déjà officiellement la Palestine, mais comme simple membre observateur. La reconnaissance d'un État palestinien par un membre du conseil de sécurité de l'ONU serait hautement symbolique mais pourrait aussi avoir des conséquences diplomatiques importantes. Depuis quelques semaines, certains pays semblent prendre de la distance vis-à-vis de cette initiative. Sommet de l'OTAN : les pays européens prêts à se réarmer face à Poutine ?Kiev a été la cible lundi 16 juin d'une violente attaque de drones et de missiles russes, faisant 30 morts et 172 blessés parmi les civils. L'armée russe a également annoncé avoir pris le contrôle de nouveaux villages dans la région de Soumy, au nord-est de l'Ukraine. Vladimir Poutine s'est déclaré “prêt” à rencontrer son homologue ukrainien, Volodymyr Zelensky, uniquement dans le cadre de la “dernière étape” des négociations entre Moscou et Kiev. La semaine prochaine se tient à La Haye le sommet de l'Otan durant lequel les pays membres devraient acter le principe d'une augmentation de leurs dépenses militaires à hauteur de 5 % de leur PIB, d'ici 2032. À l'occasion de la fête de la musique, nous recevons le violoniste Théotime Langlois de Swarte qui présente un album hommage à l'œuvre de Vivaldi : “Le Quattro Stagioni, concerti armonici e incentivi”. Pour le 300e anniversaire de la publication de la partition des “Quatre Saisons” de Vivaldi, il propose une interprétation de l'œuvre avec son ensemble Le Consort, dont il a pris la direction.Marion L'Hour nous emmène au Royaume-Uni où les députés ont voté pour décriminaliser l'avortement, une brêche juridique qui existait depuis 1967. Au-delà de 24 semaines de grossesse, l'IVG était considérée comme un crime. En 2023, le cas de Carla Foster, une femme de 44 ans emprisonnée pour un avortement tardif, avait ému le pays.Olivier Boucreux décerne le titre d'employé de la semaine à Ali Khamenei, le guide suprême iranien. Donald Trump l'a directement visé le 17 juin en appelant à la reddition de l'Iran et en assurant que les États-Unis “savent exactement où [il] se cache”, même s'ils ne comptent pas “l'éliminer, du moins pour le moment”.  Jean-Mathieu Pernin zappe sur la télévision américaine pour s'intéresser au nouveau projet de Donald Trump : commercialiser ses propres téléphones “made in USA”. Paola Puerari se demande pourquoi les seins nus font peur alors que la pratique du topless sur les plages disparaît. Enfin, ne manquez pas la question très intéressante de David Castello-Lopes : pourquoi les chansons sont-elles de plus en plus courtes ? 28 minutes est le magazine d'actualité d'ARTE, présenté par Élisabeth Quin du lundi au jeudi à 20h05. Renaud Dély est aux commandes de l'émission le vendredi et le samedi. Ce podcast est coproduit par KM et ARTE Radio. Enregistrement 21 juin 2025 Présentation Renaud Dély Production KM, ARTE Radio

This week we have Tristan Bowling and Chloe La Branche! They talk about Trader Joes, Kill Tony, hot weather states and much more. ON THE GATE! ENJOY!Original air date: 6.16.25WATCH THE LIVESTREAM 2 PM EST MONDAYS and EXCLUSIVE EPISODES 2 PM EST THURSDAYS on gasdigital.com. Use promo code OTG for a discount on your membership. Watch the free livestream here at 12 AM EST FRIDAYS. FOLLOWGeo PerezInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/geoperez86/Derek DrescherInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/derekdrescher/Tristan BowlingInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/tristanisacomedian/Chloe La BrancheInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/chloelabranche/On The Gate! A podcast hosted by two jailbird/recovering drug addicts and active comedians Geo Perez and Derek Drescher, who talk each week about their times in jail, what they learned, what you should know, and how they are improving their life or slipping into recidivism each day!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

durée : 00:59:28 - Terri Lyne Carrington & Christie Dashiell "We Insist 2025!" - par : Nicolas Pommaret - « We Insist 2025 ! » de la batteuse et compositrice Terri Lyne Carrington et de la chanteuse Christie Dashiell, une réinterprétation audacieuse de l'album révolutionnaire de Max Roach sorti en 1961, “We Insist !”. Parution chez Candid. Vous aimez ce podcast ? Pour écouter tous les autres épisodes sans limite, rendez-vous sur Radio France.

Charismatique pour les uns, controversé pour les autres, Yasser Arafat a incarné pendant plus de quarante ans le combat palestinien. Figure centrale d'un conflit sans fin, il obtient en 1994 le prix Nobel de la paix, mais laisse derrière lui un héritage complexe, entre espoir trahi et rêve d'indépendance. Découvrez le parcours d'un homme aux multiples paradoxes. Crédits : Lorànt Deutsch, Bruno Calvès. Du lundi au vendredi de 15h à 15h30, Lorànt Deutsch vous révèle les secrets des personnages historiques les plus captivants !Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

La guerre entre l'Iran et Israël embrase le Proche-Orient et entrave les efforts diplomatiques sur la situation en Palestine. La conférence prévue à l'ONU cette semaine pour aborder la reconnaissance de l'État de Palestine a été reportée. Les ministres des Affaires étrangères des pays de l'Union européenne se réunissent malgré tout mardi (17 juin 2025) pour réexaminer l'accord de commerce et de coopération avec Israël, sur fond de divergences de vues. Ce week-end, des centaines de milliers de personnes ont manifesté en soutien aux Palestiniens, en France, en Belgique, aux Pays-Bas ou encore en Espagne.   Dossier spécial Israël / Palestine   En Espagne, des liens historiques avec la cause palestinienne. Madrid avait reçu Yasser Arafat plusieurs années avant d'établir des relations diplomatiques avec Israël. Des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont manifesté samedi dans le pays, Elise Gazengel était dans le cortège samedi à Barcelone. En Irlande, le souvenir de la colonisation. L'Irlande a elle aussi a reconnu l'État palestinien. Et le pays multiplie les gestes concrets : tout récemment et c'est une première, la prestigieuse université Trinity College a décidé de rompre ses liens avec Israël. Le conseil d'administration a voté la fin des partenariats avec les entreprises et les universités israéliennes. Un tournant qui illustre une fois de plus la position radicalement critique de l'Irlande vis-à-vis d'Israël. Clémence Pénard. En Europe centrale et orientale, l'héritage soviétique. La plupart des pays de la région ont, en effet, été contraints de reconnaître l'État palestinien sous la férule de Moscou. C'est le cas de la République tchèque. Elle est l'un des plus fidèles alliés d'Israël. Mais elle accueille à Prague une ambassade palestinienne en bonne et due forme, et le gouvernement ne s'estime pas légalement tenu par la reconnaissance de la Palestine en 1988, quand ce pays était encore la Tchécoslovaquie. Alexis Rosenzweig.    En Allemagne et en Autriche, le poids du passé nazi. Vienne compte toujours parmi les plus fervents soutiens d'Israël en Europe, mais la position commence à être difficile à tenir, en témoigne l'épisode de l'Eurovision, mi-mai, où le chanteur JJ a plaidé pour l'exclusion d'Israël du concours, en témoigne aussi l'émergence de voix critiques jusqu'au sommet de l'État. Céline Béal.     Reportage. En Turquie, les - vains -  efforts du gouvernement pour relancer la natalité C'est presque une obsession pour le président Erdogan, dans le pays, le taux de fécondité est en chute de libre, désormais sous une moyenne de 1,5 enfant par femme. Recep Tayyip Erdogan qui appelle depuis 20 ans les Turcs à faire au moins trois enfants s'inquiète d'une « catastrophe nationale ». Dans l'espoir de modifier la tendance, le gouvernement s'en prend désormais aux accouchements par césarienne sans nécessité médicale. La Turquie détient le record mondial dans ce domaine. Mais les ONG féministes dénoncent des politiques qui pourraient nuire aux droits et à la santé des femmes. À Ankara, Anne Andlauer.

La guerre entre l'Iran et Israël embrase le Proche-Orient et entrave les efforts diplomatiques sur la situation en Palestine. La conférence prévue à l'ONU cette semaine pour aborder la reconnaissance de l'État de Palestine a été reportée. Les ministres des Affaires étrangères des pays de l'Union européenne se réunissent malgré tout mardi (17 juin 2025) pour réexaminer l'accord de commerce et de coopération avec Israël, sur fond de divergences de vues. Ce week-end, des centaines de milliers de personnes ont manifesté en soutien aux Palestiniens, en France, en Belgique, aux Pays-Bas ou encore en Espagne.   Dossier spécial Israël / Palestine   En Espagne, des liens historiques avec la cause palestinienne. Madrid avait reçu Yasser Arafat plusieurs années avant d'établir des relations diplomatiques avec Israël. Des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont manifesté samedi dans le pays, Elise Gazengel était dans le cortège samedi à Barcelone. En Irlande, le souvenir de la colonisation. L'Irlande a elle aussi a reconnu l'État palestinien. Et le pays multiplie les gestes concrets : tout récemment et c'est une première, la prestigieuse université Trinity College a décidé de rompre ses liens avec Israël. Le conseil d'administration a voté la fin des partenariats avec les entreprises et les universités israéliennes. Un tournant qui illustre une fois de plus la position radicalement critique de l'Irlande vis-à-vis d'Israël. Clémence Pénard. En Europe centrale et orientale, l'héritage soviétique. La plupart des pays de la région ont, en effet, été contraints de reconnaître l'État palestinien sous la férule de Moscou. C'est le cas de la République tchèque. Elle est l'un des plus fidèles alliés d'Israël. Mais elle accueille à Prague une ambassade palestinienne en bonne et due forme, et le gouvernement ne s'estime pas légalement tenu par la reconnaissance de la Palestine en 1988, quand ce pays était encore la Tchécoslovaquie. Alexis Rosenzweig.    En Allemagne et en Autriche, le poids du passé nazi. Vienne compte toujours parmi les plus fervents soutiens d'Israël en Europe, mais la position commence à être difficile à tenir, en témoigne l'épisode de l'Eurovision, mi-mai, où le chanteur JJ a plaidé pour l'exclusion d'Israël du concours, en témoigne aussi l'émergence de voix critiques jusqu'au sommet de l'État. Céline Béal.     Reportage. En Turquie, les - vains -  efforts du gouvernement pour relancer la natalité C'est presque une obsession pour le président Erdogan, dans le pays, le taux de fécondité est en chute de libre, désormais sous une moyenne de 1,5 enfant par femme. Recep Tayyip Erdogan qui appelle depuis 20 ans les Turcs à faire au moins trois enfants s'inquiète d'une « catastrophe nationale ». Dans l'espoir de modifier la tendance, le gouvernement s'en prend désormais aux accouchements par césarienne sans nécessité médicale. La Turquie détient le record mondial dans ce domaine. Mais les ONG féministes dénoncent des politiques qui pourraient nuire aux droits et à la santé des femmes. À Ankara, Anne Andlauer.

Chaque week-end dans Europe 1 Matin Week-end, Julia Vignali reçoit une personnalité qui se confie pendant quelques minutes. Aujourd'hui, Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Ecoutez RTL autour du monde avec Georges Malbrunot du 13 juin 2025.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

The party creates an effective murder tunnel and makes use of drone technology. Mikah Sargent with Aleen Simms, Annette Wierstra, James Thomson, Jason Snell and Kathy Campbell.

The party creates an effective murder tunnel and makes use of drone technology. Mikah Sargent with Aleen Simms, Annette Wierstra, James Thomson, Jason Snell and Kathy Campbell.

Last time we spoke about the Liberation of Mindanao. In the spring of 1945, as the battle for Okinawa intensified, American forces relentlessly confronted entrenched Japanese troops. General Buckner's 10th Army faced fierce resistance amidst harsh weather and dwindling supplies. Despite these challenges, they captured the strategic Shuri Castle, marking a critical turning point as Japanese troops retreated. Simultaneously, the liberation of Mindanao was underway. American troops, under General Eichelberger, rapidly advanced, overcoming fortified Japanese defenses in mountainous terrain. With the 24th Division securing key locations like Digos and Davao, the 31st Division pushed northward against General Morozumi's forces. Despite stubborn resistance, American forces displayed tenacity and courage, leading to significant victories. By May 20, the Americans approached Malaybalay, where remnants of the 30th Field Artillery Regiment held their ground. As Japanese troops attempted to regroup, they faced relentless assaults from the advancing American divisions. Throughout the campaign, the Americans endured heavy casualties, but their determination led to more than 10,000 Japanese losses. This episode is the North Borneo Offensive Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  As we continue our story, by June 9, General Buckner's forces had pushed through to the enemy's main defensive line on the Kiyamu Peninsula. It was there that General Ushijima was preparing to make his final stand. Meanwhile, General Shepherd's 6th Marine Division landed on the Oroku Peninsula, determined to dismantle a stubborn pocket held by Admiral Ota's naval units. On June 10, the pace of the assault quickened dramatically. Colonel Shapley's 4th Marines broke through enemy defenses, capturing the strategic Hills 58 and 55(2). At the same time, Colonel Roberts' 22nd Marines secured Hills 28 and 55(1). Although Colonel Whaling's 29th Marines made only limited progress, they effectively identified the last significant pocket of resistance in the high ground west of Oroku village. Looking south, General Del Valle's 1st Marine Division also reignited its offensive. Colonel Snedeker's 7th Marines successfully advanced into Itoman and Tera, while Colonel Mason's 1st Marines, supported by tanks, cleared the southern slopes of the key ridge between Tera and Yuza, capturing Yuza Hill in the process. To the east, General Bradley's 96th Division launched a renewed attack, bolstered by artillery and tank support. Colonel May's 383rd Regiment advanced approximately 700 yards toward the town of Yuza. Meanwhile, Colonel Halloran's 381st Regiment pushed into Yunagusuku and Tomui. However, they faced fierce resistance, quickly encountering heavy machine-gun fire originating from the heights of Yaeju Dake, which halted their advance. Meanwhile, General Arnold's 7th Division continued its relentless push toward Nakaza, employing the full might of their tanks and artillery. Colonel Finn's 32nd Regiment steadily advanced onto the eastern slopes of Hill 95, pressing toward Hanagusuku. At the same time, Colonel Pachler's 17th Regiment fought to solidify its precarious position on the southeast end of Yaeju Dake. Back at sea, a kamikaze attack tragically sank the destroyer William D. Porter. That same day, Admiral McCain's Task Force 38 unleashed a barrage of bombs and artillery on Minami Daito Island before retreating to Leyte-Samar after 89 consecutive days off the coast of Okinawa. This marked the conclusion of their role in Operation Iceberg. The following day, the sustained pressure from Arnold's offensive began to fracture General Suzuki's 44th Independent Mixed Brigade on both flanks.Seas of flame engulfed Hill 95 on 11 June as 1/32 slowly advanced toward the crest of the enemy position behind the jets of armored flame throwers. Flame fuel was pumped and sprayed from hoses over portions of the ridge inaccessible to tanks and then ignited. Infantrymen moved among the still hot and smoking rocks and drove back the surviving defenders. That night the battalion dug in just short of the Hill 95 peak. Although little forward progress was made by 2/32 or the 17th Infantry on 11 June, the enemy position was considerably weakened. Intensive fire from supporting weapons was concentrated against the slopes of Yaeju Dake, and strong patrols cleaned out enemy groups that held positions near the 7th Division front lines. The 32nd Regiment achieved a significant victory by capturing the peak of Hill 95, while the 17th Regiment struggled to make further headway To the west, advances in the 96th Division zone were minimal as Bradley's regiments focused on consolidating their newly-won positions amidst intense enemy fire. Simultaneously, at Yuza Hill, fierce counterattacks were thwarted, and Mason's 2nd Battalion accomplished the critical capture of Hill 69, just west of Ozato, despite heavy machine-gun fire coming from Yuza Dake. Further east, ahead of the 7th Marines, some 800 yards from the southern fringes of the two settlements, lay "the scene of the most frantic, bewildering, and costly close-in battle on the southern tip of Okinawa"Kunishi Ridge. This precipitous coral escarpment constituted the western-most anchor of the last heavily defended line on Okinawa. The ridge contained innumerable caves, emplacements, and tombs on both the forward and reverse slopes. The intervening area between this formidable fortress and the lines of the 7th Marines was a broad valley of grassy fields and rice paddies which offered no protection to advancing infantry. The supporting tanks were restricted to two approaches into the position: a road across the valley which cut through the center of the ridge and another along the coast line. Both of these routes were covered by anti-tank guns. Shortly after noon patrols from the 1st and 2nd Battalions moved out with armored support to probe the Japanese defenses. Intense frontal fire from Kunishi Ridge, enfilade fire from the enemy on Hill 69 opposing the attack of 2/1, and artillery concentrations directed at the tanks forced a withdrawal at 14:47. Because of the complete fire coverage of the open valley enjoyed by the Japanese, both from the heights and slopes of the ridge itself and from the Yuza Dake area, it was apparent that a daylight assault of the position would be a costly affair. Consequently, after Colonel Snedeker had made a personal reconnaissance of the objective from a light liaison plane, it was determined to attack at night. The commanding officers of the assault battalions were oriented on the general plan during the afternoon. The central road and a line of telephone poles was designated as the boundary between battalions upon which the assault units would guide. The scheme of maneuver contemplated a penetration of the ridge where the road passed through it, followed by an expansion of the initial foothold to the right and left flanks to secure the remainder of the objective in the regimental zone of action. Normal artillery would be placed alternately on Kunishi Ridge and Mezado Ridge (500-600 yards southwest of Kunishi) until H-Hour and thereafter on the latter. On June 11, General Shepherd launched a concerted attack. The 22nd Marines successfully secured the Tomigusuki area and Hill 53, while the 29th Marines faced stiff opposition, making only limited gains against the heavily fortified hills west of Oroku. Meanwhile, the 4th Marines worked to strengthen their line, completing the encirclement of Ota's naval forces. Nevertheless, the ramparts of the Oroku fortress were cracking, and Admiral Ota released his last dispatch to General Ushijima: “Enemy tank groups are now attacking our cave headquarters. The Naval Base Force is dying gloriously at this moment… We are grateful for your past kindnesses and pray for the success of the Army.” During the night, artillery units successfully targeted and either killed or dispersed a group of Japanese troops attempting to cross the Kokuba River. Meanwhile, 51 infiltrators were eliminated as they tried to breach the lines held by the 22nd Marines. The following day, the 4th and 29th Marines intensified their efforts to compress the enemy pocket west of Tomigusuki, breaking through to seize Easy Hill while the 22nd Marines consolidated their positions. The capture of this key terrain feature forced the enemy into the alluvial flats along the coast between Oroku and Hill 53. "In the late afternoon enemy troops began displaying flags of surrender. Language officers equipped with loud speaker systems were dispatched to the front line areas to assist in the surrender of those Japs who desired to. The attempt was partially successful, 86 enemy soldiers voluntarily laid down their arms." For several days General Buckner had been sending messages to the Japanese commander by radio broadcast and air drops pointing out the hopelessness of the enemy situation in an attempt to persuade General Ushijima to surrender. During the afternoon of 11 June, Tenth Army representatives were conducted to the 2d Battalion OP overlooking Itoman to await any enemy party that might desire to negotiate. At 1700 all fire was suspended in the 7th Marines' area pending the doubtful appearance of a white flag. About 15 Japanese wearing white headgear appeared in the 1/7 zone in front of Company A at 1740, but dispersed when hailed. Six of the enemy surrendered to Company C at 1802, but the situation returned to normal two minutes later when hostile mortar fire fell on the captors' position. Final orders for the resumption of the attack were issued by Colonel Snedeker about 2000 setting H-Hour at 0330, 12 June. Both 1/7 and 2/7 were to make the assault with one company each, and at 0225 Company C moved out to establish contact with Company F on the line of departure. The attack was launched on schedule at 0330 and at 0500 Companies B and G moved out in support of the assault companies. Concurrently, Company F reached the objective at a point 500 yards north of Mezado village, as Company C came up on its left to extend the line eastward. The enemy was completely surprised and several small groups were wiped out by Company C while they were engaged in preparing breakfast. At the same time, the 1st Battalion extended the line eastward toward Kunishi. However, the Japanese quickly regrouped, pinning down the attackers for the rest of the day, though the Marines managed to reinforce and consolidate their hard-won gains. By midnight the positions there could be considered reasonably secure. But as General del Valle put it, "The situation was one of those tactical oddities of this peculiar warfare. We were on the ridge. The Japs were in it, both on the forward and reverse slopes." Elsewhere, the 1st Marines focused on mopping up Hill 69, dispatching patrols south through Ozato and maintaining their defenses on Yazu Hill. To the east, another pre-dawn attack initiated by the 17th Regiment caught the defenders off guard.  Colonel Pachler had compelling reasons for favoring a night operation. The defenders held a significant advantage in observation, which had posed serious challenges when the 3rd Battalion of the 17th Infantry seized the southeast end of the escarpment. The coral wall of the escarpment was particularly high at this end, and the narrow routes leading to the high ground were easily controlled by Japanese fire. After days of holding positions at the base of the 170-foot cliff, the troops had grown familiar with the terrain and, as their commander, Major Maynard Weaver, noted, they were eager to reach the top and finally see something new. The night attack was primarily planned for the 1st Battalion, but Colonel Pachler decided to coordinate a move to expand the territory held by the 3rd Battalion as well. The final plan involved three assault companies: Company A would occupy a cluster of coral about a hundred yards beyond the edge of the escarpment, near the boundary between the 7th and 96th Divisions. Company B aimed for a similar objective located about 200 yards to the southeast, while Company L was assigned to capture a small hill situated between the 1st Battalion's targets and the positions held by the 3rd Battalion since June 11. Each company was given a separate route: Company A's path led straight up the cliff's face, Company B needed to head south to reach a break in the escarpment before turning right toward its goal, and Company L had an accessible objective near the edge of the escarpment. Movement was set to begin at 0400 on June 12. Since the attack relied on stealth, no artillery preparation was planned. However, two battalions of 105-mm artillery, one battery of 155-mm howitzers, and an 8-inch howitzer battalion were scheduled to deliver heavy harassing fire during the night. Additionally, 21 batteries registered their fire on the afternoon of June 11 and were ready to provide protective artillery support if needed once the objectives were reached. For added firepower, a section of heavy machine guns was assigned to each assault company. Colonel Pachler meticulously planned the attack, ensuring that every soldier involved understood the details of the operation. Reconnaissance patrols had scouted the trails leading to the high ground, and demolition teams had already prepared known cave positions at the cliff's face with satchel charges. Despite thorough preparations, there was a collective apprehension about potential confusion caused by the unknown conditions of darkness. This anxiety was amplified at 2000 on the night of June 11 when the 7th Division G-2 Section intercepted an enemy radio message indicating, "Prepare to support the attack at 2300." Soon after, another intercepted message stated, "If there are any volunteers for the suicide penetration, report them before the contact which is to be made one hour from now." Meanwhile, from dusk until almost 2300, the Japanese unleashed a heavy artillery barrage, leading front-line troops to anticipate a counterattack. That counterattack did come, aimed at the 1st Battalion of the 32nd Infantry, which had reached the summit of Hill 95 earlier that day, as well as against the 96th Division. However, there was no enemy activity observed in the 17th Infantry's sector. As night illumination and harassing fire ceased shortly before 0400, the attack proceeded according to plan. The companies moved out in single file. Remarkably, a heavy fog settled over southern Okinawa, creating the perfect conditions for concealment while allowing the troops to follow their paths without confusion. On the high ground, Company A encountered a few civilians wandering about, while the leading platoon of Company B unexpectedly came across three Japanese soldiers as they reached the shelf of the escarpment. The Americans chose to ignore them and continued silently on their way, with the enemy surprisingly not opening fire. By 0530, just minutes after dawn, Companies A and B were in position without firing a single shot. Company L also successfully reached its objective, and eager to capitalize on the fog and absence of enemy fire, its commander sent a support platoon to a small hill fifty yards beyond. This objective was secured quickly, but not without incident; two enemy soldiers were killed in the process. The platoon leader reported their progress but quickly called for mortar fire as about fifty Japanese troops approached in a column. The Americans opened fire with rifles and BARs, disrupting the formation and resulting in thirty-seven enemy soldiers killed, while the rest managed to escape. The men of the 1st Battalion celebrated the success of the night attack. Shortly after Company A took position, four enemy soldiers stumbled into view and were swiftly eliminated. A few moments later, another four followed suit, meeting the same fate. Company B remained undisturbed until around 0530 when Japanese soldiers attempted to emerge from several caves within the company's area. Although the cave entrances were heavily reinforced with concrete and couldn't be sealed with demolition charges, the Marines guarded the openings and shot at the Japanese as they appeared. Not long after daylight, Company C began clearing the caves at the base of the escarpment, eventually regrouping with the rest of the battalion on the high ground. By 0800, the situation had stabilized, and the 17th Infantry held strong positions on Yaeju Dake. During the night, the Japanese had withdrawn their front-line troops from Yaeju Dake to escape the punishing artillery fire, intending to reoccupy it before the anticipated 0700 attack. Fifteen hours after the 32nd Infantry fought their way to the top of Hill 95, the 17th Infantry had executed a masterful night attack to seize their portion of Yaeju Dake. Throughout the day, the 2nd Battalion of the 17th Infantry relieved Companies I and K, and with Company L attached and supported by medium and flame tanks, continued the offensive. The 1st Battalion maintained its position, firing at enemy soldiers who were slow to realize that their defensive terrain had been lost. Company B alone accounted for sixty-three Japanese soldiers killed throughout the day. Taking advantage of this breakthrough, the 381st Regiment advanced to occupy the slopes of Yaeju Dake, while the 383rd extended the division front and secured Yuza. As the situation unfolded, Japanese troops maintained control over Big Apple Peak, which towered about sixty feet above the surrounding plateau. However, by the evening of June 12, the 7th and 96th Divisions had succeeded in forcing the reconstituted 44th Independent Mixed Brigade from the southeastern end of the enemy's line. General Ushijima acted swiftly, given the limitations imposed by his damaged communication system and the chaos among his front-line units. With his artillery nearly silenced by enemy bombardments and his supplies dwindling faster than his manpower, Ushijima's only hope lay in sending more troops into the relentless shellfire and flames unleashed by American forces sweeping across the frontline. His urgent order read: “The enemy in the 44th IMB sector has finally penetrated our main line of resistance. The plan of the 44th IMB is to annihilate, with its main strength, the enemy penetrating the Yaeju-Dake sector. The Army will undertake to reoccupy and hold its Main Line of Resistance to the death. The 62nd Division will place two selected infantry battalions under the command of the CG, 44th IMB.” Unfortunately, the 64th Brigade, the part of the 62nd Division that had shifted from Shuri to reserve positions near Makabe, didn't receive this order until late on June 13, a full thirty hours after it became critical. This piecemeal commitment of reserve troops proved to be grossly inadequate. By June 13, the 44th Brigade was teetering on the brink of destruction. When reinforcements finally arrived, they found the remnants of the 44th Brigade overwhelmed and absorbed into the reinforcing battalions, with still not enough men to hold the line. In a last-ditch effort, the enemy committed the main strength of the 62nd Division, his final reserve, with a desperate plea for cooperation and orders to "reoccupy and secure the Main Line of Resistance." However, by the time the 62nd Division moved onto the line, they ran headlong into General Hodge's forces, who were advancing southward across the coral-studded plateau. The Americans pressed forward, shielded by the fire of machine guns and tanks, advancing over the bodies of Japanese defenders who had fought fiercely to hold their last stronghold "to the death." On June 13, General Arnold resumed his assault against the rapidly disintegrating 44th Independent Mixed Brigade. The 32nd Regiment successfully secured the Hill 95-Hanagusuku area, while the 17th Regiment expanded its control over the escarpment's summit. To the west, May's 3rd Battalion and Halloran's 2nd Battalion struggled to capture the top of the escarpment despite repeated attempts. However, they significantly diminished the defenders' strength with a relentless volume of covering fire. At the same time, May's 1st Battalion advanced through Yuza and swept southward to successfully secure Ozato. Meanwhile, General Del Valle prepared to commit the 1st Marines to the fight on Kunishi Ridge, as the isolated 7th Marines continued to be pinned down by heavy Japanese fire, relying on tanks for supplies and evacuation. Further north, the 29th Marines launched an attack southeast to eliminate the enemy pocket, while Shapley's 3rd Battalion moved swiftly toward the beach, progressively chasing the demoralized Japanese forces from the thick brush and marshy terrain along the waterfront. As they reached the sea wall, the assault turned into a rout. Some of the enemy threw down their arms and fled at the Marines' approach. Large numbers surrendered; but some fought back with hand grenades in desperate, individual last ditch stands, while many more used grenades to destroy themselves in despair. The sea wall was reached at noon, and the remainder of the day was spent running to earth small groups hiding in the cane fields and rice paddies. In the late afternoon General Shepherd notified General Geiger that all organized resistance on Oroku had ceased. In the early hours of June 14, Mason's 2nd Battalion advanced toward Kunishi Ridge, tenaciously fighting their way to positions east of the 7th Marines, which remained isolated. Simultaneously, Shepherd's reinforced Reconnaissance Company successfully landed on Senaga Island, completing the occupation of the Oroku Peninsula. Looking south once again, May's 1st Battalion completed the cleanup in Ozato but soon had to withdraw from its vulnerable position, while the rest of the 383rd Regiment pressed forward to the edge of the escarpment west of Yaeju Dake. To the east, despite heavy mortar and machine-gun fire, the 381st Regiment maintained constant pressure on the northern face of Yaeju Dake, finally reaching the top of the escarpment by nightfall. Their success allowed them to link up with the 7th Division, which dealt a crushing blow to the 13th Independent Battalion, advancing approximately 300 yards across the front. After a night of disorganized counterattacks and infiltration attempts, the 7th Division launched an assault toward Hills 115 and 153, advancing about 1,200 yards and reaching the outer slopes of the hill positions. To the west, the 381st Regiment and May's 3rd Battalion successfully secured the escarpment between Yuza and Yaeju Dake, although the remainder of the 383rd struggled to move forward due to heavy fire from Yuza Dake. On Kunishi Ridge, the pressure from the Japanese remained relentless, restricting the 7th Marines to only minor local gains. However, Mason's 2nd Battalion managed to inch its way along the ridge, successfully extending the line by about 200 yards to the east. Behind them, Colonel Griebel's 5th Marines began to relieve the weary 1st Marines, with Griebel's 2nd Battalion finally moving forward during the night to support Mason's isolated 2nd Battalion. On June 16, after an intense bombardment of artillery, mortars, and rockets, the 7th Marines finally broke through. Snedeker's 1st Battalion advanced along the northern slope of Kunishi Ridge, while the 2nd Battalion extended the line into the initial high ground of the Mezado hill mass. Concurrently, Griebel's 2nd Battalion advanced, making slow but steady progress until they secured a coral peak on the ridge that commanded their position. To the east, the 62nd Division, attempting to move from its reserve locations southwest of Makabe to support the faltering Japanese lines, faced devastating fire from artillery, ship guns, and aerial bombardments of rockets and napalm. Seizing the opportunity created by the relentless bombardment of enemy rear areas, Bradley launched his battalions through the Yuza Dake perimeter. Colonel Dill's 382nd Regiment pushed through the 383rd and advanced toward Ozato, aiming to gain control of the high ground southwest of Yuza, while May's 3rd Battalion successfully captured Yuza Dake. Additionally, the 381st Regiment gained approximately 600 yards along its front, reaching the saddle between Yuza Dake and Hill 153. Meanwhile, the 17th Regiment pressed onto the forward slopes of Hill 153, and the 32nd Regiment, driving down the coast, took Hill 115, effectively eliminating the 15th Independent Mixed Regiment. Back at sea, despite a significant depletion of Japanese air strength, a kamikaze attack succeeded in sinking the destroyer Twiggs.  But now, it's time to leave Okinawa and turn our attention to Borneo, where we continue covering the Australian offensive. As we last noted, by May 6, Brigadier Whitehead's 26th Australian Brigade had successfully landed on Tarakan, pushing the Japanese garrison into the island's rugged interior. By the evening of 6th May fairly copious information obtained from prisoners and Indonesians and from captured documents indicated that the enemy had about 390 naval troops in the Mount Api area, about 400 troops and civilians in the Fukukaku headquarters area (embracing Hills 105 and 102), 200 from Sesanip along Snags Track to Otway, 300 on Otway and in District VI, 300 in the Amal River area and 60 at Cape Juata. Having lost the airfield and the water-purifying plant and hospitals "the enemy at this time was displaying a decided disinclination to hold ground. In particular he was shunning any ground which could be subjected to heavy bombing, shelling, or attack by tanks; or against which large-scale attacks could be launched by our troops"; and he was directing his operations to delaying the attackers, particularly with mines, booby-traps, suicide raids, and isolated parties fighting to the death in tunnels and dugouts. The 4th Company of Tokoi Force (IJA) plus the 1st Company of the 2nd Naval Guard Force were on Hill 105, Margy and Janet; the 1st Company of Tokoi Force, and other troops were on Hill 102. In the north was a composite group. To secure the recently captured airfield from potential counterattacks, raids, or indirect fire, Brigadier Whitehead decided to deploy the 2/48th Battalion to gain the high ground north of the town, reaching up to Snags Track. The 2/4th Commando Squadron was tasked with advancing along Snags Track toward the Sesanip oilfields, while the 2/3rd Pioneers were assigned to sweep the high ground east of the town and move along John's Track to the mouth of the Ama River. Meanwhile, the Dutch company was to clear the unoccupied Cape Batu peninsula, a task that proved surprisingly straightforward. In the Mount Api area, however, the 2/23rd Battalion faced fierce resistance, particularly at Tiger and along Crazy Ridge, resulting in minimal progress until they were relieved by the 2/24th Battalion on May 9. Further to the right, the 2/48th Battalion seized Otway without opposition, and the commandos successfully cleared Snags Track up to Haigh's by May 8, though tanks could not advance any further. The pioneers, on the other hand, encountered heavy resistance along John's Track, which they couldn't overcome until May 9. That day, a long-distance patrol from the 2/24th Battalion also succeeded in driving the Japanese out of the Juata oilfields after a skirmish. On May 10, while the 2/48th and the commandos patrolled aggressively forward, the pioneers began their assault on the heavily defended Helen feature, which would successfully repel repeated Australian attacks for the next five days. Simultaneously, the 2/24th faced strong resistance in the Mount Api area but tenaciously pushed forward to Hill 105 on May 11, capturing Tiger the following night. They conducted patrols that probed about 1,000 yards southeast, cutting Snags Track at several points. On May 12, the 2/48th set out to cut King's Track and clear the heights from Sykes to Butch. The next morning, they successfully attacked and captured the knoll north of Snags Track. Meanwhile, following a highly effective air bombardment, the key Helen feature was found abandoned on May 15. This allowed the pioneers to clear John's Track and reach the coast at the mouth of the Amal River. Concurrently, the commandos secured the Agnes feature, followed by the 2/24th Battalion's capture of Elbow on May 16. The remaining positions on Hill 105 were then subjected to intensive bombing and bombardment, leading to an Australian assault on May 19. They finally captured the feature the following day. In the meantime, the 2/48th Battalion moved to Agnes to attack the Freda feature on May 14.  It was now evident that if the Freda hill was to be taken the attack must have heavier support. Therefore, on 22nd May, 12 Liberators and 12 Lightnings were sent out with bombs and napalm, but the cloud was so low that some of the heavy bombers did not find the objective. Then the artillery and mortars fired, and a two-company attack went in, the infantry moving very close behind the barrage. Gooden's company thrust from the east, and Captain Nicholas's advanced with one platoon pushing east along Snags Track towards Track Junction Knoll and another pressing north. The former platoon (Lieutenant Harvey), moving through very difficult country along a razor-back so narrow that only two men could be deployed on it, edged forward under heavy fire; after losing one killed and 4 wounded and finding the enemy becoming stronger Harvey manoeuvred out of this position. It was then found that a wounded man was not with them, so Harvey and three volunteers thrust back and engaged the enemy fiercely while the wounded man was carried out. During the day Gooden's company on the right had encountered two strongly-held knolls. Derrick's platoon succeeded in cutting the saddle between them and taking one knoll. Derrick's platoon and another launched “a most courageous attack up the steep slopes of Knoll 2 in the fading light. Here, in some of the heaviest and most bitter close-in fighting of the whole campaign these two platoons finally reached the top and secured the Knoll after inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy.... [Lance-Sergeant] Fennells time and again ... crawled ahead of the attacking troops, even to within five yards of the enemy, and gained vital information. On one occasion, when his section was forced to ground he had charged the Jap positions with his Owen gun blazing and had silenced the enemy post, killing the occupants. In a similar manner, Private W. R. How found the advance of the troops checked by a well-sited pill-box, raced forward with his Owen firing until within grenade range, and then, throwing grenades, moved in for the kill until he fell wounded. He had silenced the post and killed the machine-gunner, thus allowing the advance to continue.” At this stage 28 enemy dead had been counted; one Australian had been killed and 15 wounded.  Unfortunately, the Japanese counterattacked the following day, effectively recapturing the position. Following a devastating combination of air and artillery bombardment, the Australians managed to secure Freda and Track Junction Knoll on May 25. During this time, the 2/23rd Battalion remained in close contact with a resolute enemy at Janet and Margy but struggled to make significant progress. The 2/24th Battalion continued probing northward and captured the Droop feature on May 26. After another failed attack on May 29, a heavy air and artillery bombardment supported the 2/23rd as they finally captured Margy on May 31. Concurrently, the 2/24th successfully attacked and held the Poker Hills. On June 1, the 2/48th Battalion then attacked Hill 102, supported by aircraft and machine-gun fire. Lieutenant O'Rourke's platoon attacked, following an artillery barrage as closely as they could, and bringing with them three flame-throwers. They gained the forward slopes without being fired on and then saw five Japanese moving towards them, evidently to re-enter their positions after the bombing. These were fired on while the flame-throwers were brought into action. One operator sprayed the slope from side to side while another fired straight up it. “The result was devastating (said O'Rourke later). The hill was set completely ablaze to a depth of 50 yards, two of the five Japs were set on fire and the other three killed in their posts. The platoon was able to advance almost immediately through the flames, and with the help of the flame-throwers the feature was com-pletely captured within 15 minutes of the advance commencing. The flame which was fired up a slight rise hit the trees on the crest and also sprayed the reverse slope and had the effect of completely demoralising the enemy.“ While the Australians launched an unsuccessful assault on Wally, the 2/23rd Battalion was engaged in clearing out the remaining Japanese forces from Margy and its surrounding areas. On June 6, the Australians finally secured Wally, and the 2/24th Battalion also managed to capture Roger. In the early hours of June 10, the Japanese launched a counterattack toward Hill 105, but it was easily repelled. At the same time, the defenders began preparing for a withdrawal northeast into the island's interior, planning to split into independent groups to wage guerrilla warfare. Despite the looming withdrawal, Whitehead's battalions commenced attacks on Beech 2, Joyce, and Linda on June 11. However, progress was slow over the next three days, with the only notable achievement being the capture of Sandy on June 13. By nightfall that day, the Japanese finally began their withdrawal, leaving behind only rearguards to hold the crucial Essie Track. This allowed the Australians to capture the abandoned features of Linda, Joyce, Clarice, Hilda Paddy, Melon, and Aunty on June 14. The next day, the Australians took Nelly and Faith, but the Japanese rearguard on Essie Ridge managed to temporarily halt their pursuit. Eventually, however, Essie Ridge was overrun, and by June 16, Fukukaku was cleared. The 2/48th Battalion then pursued the Japanese as they fled eastward from Essie. On June 18, they caught a few but found that a large group had scattered into smaller parties. By June 19, patrols were radiating east, north, and west in pursuit, with Japanese forces standing firm at several points. Ultimately, the fall of Hill 90 on June 20 marked the end of organized resistance on Tarakan. Following this victory, Whitehead initiated a mop-up operation that would continue until the war's end. While the 26th Brigade was fighting to secure Tarakan, General Wootten's 9th Australian Division was preparing to launch the invasion of the Brunei Bay area of north Borneo, codenamed Operation Oboe VI. At the Manila conference in April General Morshead had learnt that OBOE I (Tarakan), OBOE VI (north Borneo) and OBOE II (Balikpapan) were to be carried out in that order. 34 LSTs would be allotted for OBOE VI but had to be released by 23 days after the landing. There were other fairly severe restrictions on the vessels available: the one boat battalion of the American Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment and the one amphibian tractor battalion allotted to OBOE VI had to be used for Balikpapan. Morshead and his staff arrived back at Morotai from Manila on April 21 and next day the Corps issued its staff study of the north Borneo operation, and the 9th Division's staff, which from April 4 to 17 had been planning an operation against Balikpapan, began preparing an outline plan for an attack on Brunei Bay instead. This was presented to Corps and approved on April 26; the final plan, which contained no major changes, was approved on May 16. Meanwhile a variety of problems had arisen at the Corps level and above. On May 1, 2200 troops and 1200 vehicles (including guns) of the 9th Division were still in the Cairns or Atherton areas awaiting shipment, and some of the stores and equipment were not scheduled to arrive at Morotai until May 25, two days after the proposed date of the landing. It also appeared that, on the day of the landing, the 24th Brigade would lack some unit stores and vehicles, and the 20th Brigade would possess only one battalion; there would be no field or anti-aircraft guns, a shortage of signal vehicles and equipment, no equipment for building wharves and bulk oil storage, and neither of the casualty clearing stations allotted would be present. Due to a series of issues at the Corps level and above, the invasion plan had been scaled down to a landing by a brigade on Labuan Island and just a battalion on Muara Island, with the operation further postponed to June 10. The strategy involved landing Brigadier Selwyn Porter's 24th Brigade on Victoria Harbor's Brown Beaches to capture the Labuan airfield and eliminate all hostile forces on the island. Simultaneously, Brigadier William Windeyer's 20th Brigade would put ashore the 2/15th Battalion on Muara Island's White Beach and the 2/17th Battalion on Brunei Bluff's Green Beach. These units were tasked with capturing Brooketon and securing the southern and western sides of Muara Island, setting the stage for an advance on Brunei Town. Upon capturing these objectives, the 9th Division was to occupy and defend the Brunei Bay-Beaufort area and take control of the Miri-Lutong-Seria regions. Once again, Admiral Barbey's Naval Attack Force, primarily comprising Admiral Royal's transports and Admiral Berkey's cruisers, was designated to facilitate the amphibious movement of troops to Brunei Bay. In preparation for the invasion, American and Australian air forces, under General Kenney's command, targeted airfields and other military installations, focusing particularly on destroying bridges on the railway to Jesselton to prevent the arrival of reinforcements to Labuan by rail. On June 4, Barbey's convoy finally departed Morotai, embarking on its 1,100-mile voyage to Brunei Bay. Air attacks intensified on June 5, successfully rendering the Papar River bridge unusable. Four days later, on June 9, the air campaign reached its peak: 54 Liberators and 24 Mitchells launched strikes against targets on Labuan, while 23 Liberators targeted the Brooketon area. In the meantime, minesweepers successfully cleared a channel into the bay, destroying 69 mines between June 7 and 9. Berkey's cruisers sailed ahead and shelled the Brown, White, and Green Beaches in the two days leading up to the landings. The convoy finally arrived at the main channel between Labuan Island and Brunei Bluff just before sunrise on June 10, fully prepared to execute the invasion. Opposing them, General Baba's 37th Army had assembled General Nozaki's depleted 56th Independent Mixed Brigade in the Brunei Bay sector. This included two battalions near Brunei, one at Beaufort, and one garrisoning Labuan. Additionally, the 553rd Independent Battalion was stationed in the Miri area; however, none of these units were equipped to make a stand at the beaches. At 08:15, Barbey's warships commenced a bombardment of the southern beaches as the troops were loading onto the landing vessels. Shortly after 09:05, the first waves began to advance, preceded by craft firing rockets and artillery. As anticipated, there was no opposition on the landing areas. The 2/15th Battalion successfully reached the shore at 09:15, followed by the 2/17th Battalion, which made landfall three minutes later, approximately 1,000 yards east of its intended location. By dusk, the 2/15th had scoured the swampy terrain of Muara Island and reported no Japanese presence. The 2/17th pushed forward a few miles along the road to Brunei, while the 2/13th Battalion landed and moved into reserve behind the 2/17th. Meanwhile, the 2/28th Battalion landed without incident at 09:15 and quickly secured Labuan town, with the 2/43rd Battalion following ashore at 09:20 to initiate the advance toward the airfield.  There was no opposition until 10:45, when the leading troops came under rifle fire just south of Flagstaff Hill. This post was quickly bypassed and taken, but the Australians continued to face strong resistance from the 371st Independent Battalion. Despite this, the defenders could not prevent the 2/43rd from capturing the airfield by nightfall. During the day, Porter also landed the 2/11th Commando Squadron on the unoccupied Hamilton Peninsula, with one troop initiating a move north along Charlie Track. On June 11, while the 2/43rd patrolled north and west, overcoming some opposition, the 2/28th slowly advanced toward the Able and Baker routes, where they encountered the bulk of enemy resistance. Meanwhile, after repelling an enemy patrol overnight, the 2/17th continued its advance to Brunei unopposed, with a company from the 2/15th moving up the Brunei River to land about four miles downstream from the town. The following day, the 2/17th reached and seized the airstrip, finally encountering defenses manned by the 366th Independent Battalion. On Labuan, the 2/43rd moved unopposed to Hamilton Road and successfully linked up with the commandos, leaving behind one company and three tanks to destroy a bypassed stronghold to the northwest. At the same time, the 2/28th probed the strongly held area astride MacArthur Road and to its west, making good progress to compress the resilient enemy into a pocket. On June 13, although the 2/43rd occupied an emergency airstrip at Timbalai, the primary objective remained to continue compressing the enemy into "the Pocket" and mop up the remainder of the island. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Australian troops, under Brigadier Whitehead, landed on Tarakan, swiftly overcoming Japanese strongholds. By May 20, they began the North Borneo Offensive, achieving significant territorial gains amid brutal combat. As Japanese forces faltered, some surrendered, signaling a turning tide. The campaign showcased immense courage and sacrifice, with heavy casualties on both sides, ultimately paving the way for Allied victories in the Pacific theater.

Major General (Ret.) Rick Evans shares the history and significance of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) and the United States Strategic Command (STRATCOM), focusing on the evolution from Building 500 to the new Command and Control Facility (C2F). The conversation covers the historical context of SAC, the transition to STRATCOM, the necessity for a new facility, funding challenges, and the operational capabilities of the new C2F, highlighting its importance in national security.Major General, USAF (Ret.) Richard J. Evans III (Rick) serves as the Executive Director for the National Strategic Research Institute (NSRI), a national security-focused research institute created by the University of Nebraska. Before joining NSRI, he served more than 35 years in the U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard, retiring at the rank of Major General in October, 2019. He was previously the Director of Reserve Forces and Mobilization Assistant to the Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. He served as the principal advisor to the Commander on reserve component matters related to the command's diverse missions, including strategic deterrence, nuclear operations and command, control and communications, space and cyberspace operations, full-spectrum global strike, integrated missile defense, joint electromagnetic spectrum operations and joint warfare analysis.Maj. Gen. Evans received his commission in 1984 as a distinguished graduate of the Air National Guard Academy of Military Science. He has commanded at the detachment, squadron, group and wing levels. His operational flying assignments include instructor weapon systems officer in the RF-4C; and instructor and evaluator navigator in the KC- 135 Stratotanker. His staff assignments include: wing- level operations, plans, tactics and personnel assignments; Special Assistant to the Director, Air National Guard for the Quadrennial Defense Review 2010; Acting Director for Space and Information Superiority at the National Guard Bureau; and National Reconnaissance Office Liaison Officer to U.S. Strategic Command. He also served as Chair of the Air National Guard's KC-135 and Space, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance and Cyber Weapon System Councils and was a member of the Air Directorate Field Advisory Council from 2004-2012. Maj. Gen. Evans has commanded expeditionary forces and flown combat missions in the KC-135 supporting operations Uphold Democracy, Decisive Endeavor, Deliberate Guard, Deliberate Forge, Allied Force, Southern Watch, Northern Watch, Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. He also served as Director of Mobility Forces for NATO Operation Unified Protector. He is a graduate of the U.S. Air Force Fighter Weapons School and master navigator with over 4,000 flying hours, including 153 combat/combat support hours. He has also completed over 100 operational missions as an Airborne Emergency Actions Officer leading the Battle Staff on the U.S. Strategic Command E-6B Airborne Command Post.Socials:Follow on Twitter at @NucleCastFollow on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/nuclecastpodcastSubscribe RSS Feed: https://rss.com/podcasts/nuclecast-podcast/Rate: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/nuclecast/id1644921278Email comments and topic/guest suggestions to NucleCast@anwadeter.org

durée : 01:59:59 - Les Matins du samedi - par : Nicolas Herbeaux - Alors que l'UNOC 3 se déroulera du 9 au 13 juin, les Matins du samedi se consacrent aux enjeux de l'océan. Pour en discuter, Nicolas Herbeaux reçoit Vincent Doumeizel, Romain Troublé, François Sarano ou encore Alexis Pauline Gumbs. - réalisation : Jean-Christophe Francis - invités : Vincent Doumeizel Conseiller Océan au Pacte Mondial des Nations Unies; Romain Troublé Secrétaire général de Tara Expéditions; François Sarano Océanographe et plongeur professionnel; Alexis Pauline Gumbs Écrivaine américaine, chercheuse indépendante et poétesse

Mawlaya Seydi Mouhamed ElCheikh,https://radio.medinacheikh.com/

durée : 00:55:33 - Les informés de franceinfo - Tous les jours, les informés débattent de l'actualité, ce jeudi 5 juin autour d'Agathe Lambret et Jean-Rémi Baudot.

Do you know the difference between strategy, tactics, and operations? This conversation with Gareth Tennant, Director of Decision Advantage, brings clarity. And he should know, having two decades' experience as a Royal Marines officer. His insights into intelligence, decision-making and organisational learning are invaluable. Gareth helps us understand why muddling strategy, tactics and ops can leave us feeling exhausted and directionless. Most of us go through our days making decisions on autopilot. We rarely stop and consider how we make those decisions, and how our habits around leadership and management shape the very culture of our organisations. That is a problem.The notion of rigid hierarchies and knowing the answers is replaced with psychological safety, the power of “mission command”, and knowing that leaders shouldn't micromanage. In fact, giving people genuine responsibility – with the right support and training – is what enables teams not just to cope, but to excel, even in the face of uncertainty.This episode is packed with stories, practical ideas (including why “war gaming” isn't just for the military!), and heaps of fresh energy around what work success can look like. If you really want to know how to help your people perform brilliantly and feel proud of what you're building together, do tune in.Thank you to Gareth's wife for the introduction through a rather serendipitous Battle Box gym class! Enjoy!More about Gareth:Gareth is a former Royal Marines Commando who specialised in Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance. Using hard fought lessons from his experience in combat, he now works with clients helping them make better decisions through a combination of more effective sense making and through the cultivation of coherence across disperate teams within organisations.Links to contact Gareth:LinkedIn: Gareth TennantDecision Advantage ConsultingWebsite: www.decisionadvantage.ukX: @BattlingwithbizResources & ReferencesLeadership Labs | It's Time for Change (itstimeforchange.co.uk)Watch this episode on YouTube My work with companies (itstimeforchange.co.uk)Battling with Business PodcastTeam of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World by General Stanley McChrystalFor free resources that you can use for yourself or your team, check out: itstimeforchange.co.uk/category/resourcesTo be on the receiving end of new, free, downloadable resources, join the club here:

Specializing in geotechnical engineering and coastal science, Nina Stark studies soil mechanics and soil responses to coastal and riverine stresses -- like hurricanes and related flooding. During hurricane season, you will find her in the field, collecting perishable data with NSF-supported extreme events reconnaissance teams. Today, she talks about recon missions, the importance of good datasets, and the types of data EER teams collect, including erosion, scour and sediment deposition, and water levels. 

La motivation, ce Graal insaisissable, peut parfois sembler compliquée à comprendre et encore plus difficile à maintenir. C'est normal de ne pas toujours être à 100%, nous ne sommes ni Superman ni Wonder Woman. Mais pourquoi ne pas découvrir ce qui influence réellement votre motivation ?Dans cet épisode, je partage avec vous les cinq principaux leviers qui impactent votre motivation. À la fin, vous pourrez faire un bilan pour voir si les conditions pour une motivation optimale sont réunies pour vous.

Au Congo-Brazzaville, le premier congrès des peuples autochtones et des populations locales des bassins forestiers se tient cette semaine du 26 au 30 mai à Brazzaville. Dirigeants autochtones, représentants de communautés et défenseurs de l'environnement sont déterminés à défendre les écosystèmes forestiers les plus vitaux de la planète. L'événement vise à obtenir une déclaration commune en amont de la COP30, prévue à Belém, au Brésil, au mois de novembre. Bonaventure Bondo, chargé de campagne Forêts pour le bassin du Congo à Greenpeace Afrique répond aux questions d'Alexandra Brangeon. RFI : Le premier Congrès des peuples autochtones issus des trois grands bassins forestiers de la planète, c'est-à-dire Amazone, Bornéo, Mékong et Bassin du Congo, s'est ouvert cette semaine à Brazzaville. Alors quand on parle des populations autochtones du Bassin du Congo, de qui s'agit-il exactement ? Bonaventure Bondo : Ces termes renvoient d'emblée aux communautés pygmées - même si le mot pygmées est en train de disparaître - qui vivent dans la forêt ou qui développent le lien étroit avec les forêts tropicales.Dans quels pays ?Ces communautés sont réparties dans presque tous les pays du Bassin du Congo. EnRDC, nous avons les Twa et les Aka. De même pour la République du Congo. Au Cameroun, nous avons les Baka qui s'étendent aussi au niveau du Cameroun et de la Guinée équatoriale.Alors ces populations, qu'elles soient de la RDC, de Centrafrique, partagent les mêmes problématiques, la reconnaissance de leurs terres ancestrales ? Oui, ils font face aux mêmes défis, surtout liés à la reconnaissance de leurs terroirs ancestraux. Parce qu'ils sont les premiers habitants, ils sont les détenteurs de ces forêts sur les plans traditionnels et avec l'expansion du développement, axé sur le néocolonialisme, dans le Bassin du Congo, notamment l'exploitation industrielle du bois, le développement de l'agriculture industrielle aussi avec la plantation de palmiers à huile, ces communautés ont été plusieurs fois exposées à certains abus liés à la violation de leurs droits, à l'accaparement de leurs terres. Et dès lors, ils ont commencé à relever cette nécessité pour eux d'être reconnus, d'avoir une reconnaissance légale sur leurs terres et d'avoir une reconnaissance aussi légale à gérer leurs terres comme ils le font depuis des années.Le premier pays à prendre cette décision a été le Congo-Brazzaville et ensuite la République démocratique du Congo avec sa loi sur la promotion et la protection des peuples autochtones pygmées. Il y a un peu d'avancées, mais il y a encore beaucoup à faire pour que nous puissions arriver à sécuriser légalement les terroirs de communautés locales partout dans le Bassin du Congo.Concrètement, quelles sont leurs revendications ? Ils revendiquent la reconnaissance de leurs terres, leur prise en compte dans le processus de décision, parce qu'ils sont pour la plupart du temps mis de côté lorsqu'il faut décider de l'avenir de leurs terres, que ce soit dans les projets d'exploitation du pétrole, d'exploitation des mines, d'exploitation du bois. Ils sont souvent mis de côté. Ils revendiquent aussi d'être associés, de prendre part aux instances de prise de décisions dans la gouvernance des ressources naturelles sur leurs terres.À lire aussiCongo-B: une ONG publie une enquête inquiétante sur l'exploitation pétrolière et minièreAlors, la ministre congolaise de l'Économie forestière Rosalie Matondo a regretté que moins d'1 % des financements disponibles ne leur parviennent. Et que, malgré leur expertise, ils sont peu impliqués dans les programmes de développement durable. Pourquoi est-ce le cas ? Le fait qu'ils sont toujours mis de côté se justifie par le fait qu'ils n'ont pas de capacités nécessaires, ils n'ont pas de connaissances, ils n'ont pas de compétences. Ce qui est vraiment faux. Ce que les communautés sont en train de revendiquer maintenant, c'est de dire, qu'ils ont aussi dans leur façon de faire les choses grâce aux savoirs traditionnels et connaissances endogènes, des initiatives très prometteuses, des initiatives très louables, qu'ils mettent en œuvre pour protéger les forêts. Et ces initiatives ou ces efforts doivent effectivement être reconnus à leur juste valeur pour qu'ils puissent aussi bénéficier de cette confiance. Il y a d'abord un problème de confiance dans la distribution des fonds. Il faut que les communautés autochtones aujourd'hui puissent être reconnues, capables de bien gérer ces fonds et de bien continuer à développer leurs initiatives. Et c'est vraiment la question qui est au cœur du débat, pour voir comment est-ce que dans tous les mécanismes financiers qui existent, qu'il y ait une part allouée directement aux communautés locales.Alors, justement, votre organisation Greenpeace a mis sur pied un projet Forest Solution pour voir comment rehausser le travail de ces communautés dans la préservation des forêts. L'objectif, effectivement, c'est promouvoir les initiatives locales dans la protection de nos forêts, mais non seulement le promouvoir, mais aussi pousser en sorte que les communautés locales puissent avoir accès aux connaissances, aux informations et à un partage d'expériences entre les autres peuples autochtones des autres bassins tropicaux qui sont, selon les constats, beaucoup plus avancés. Et à travers ces projets, nous voulons vraiment faire en sorte que ces communautés soient connectées, puissent partager l'expérience pour construire des recommandations fortes et communes, pour faire bouger les lignes dans les instances décisionnelles aux niveaux national, régional et international.Quand vous dites, ce sont les premiers gardiens des forêts qu'ils protègent depuis des générations. Est-ce que vous pouvez me donner un exemple concret ? L'expertise aujourd'hui qui est louable, c'est la foresterie communautaire que nous sommes en train de cibler comme l'une des solutions aux forêts. Dans ce processus, les communautés ont droit à avoir des titres, des concessions sur leurs forêts et aussi ont droit de développer des activités à caractère économique dans leur concession.Ils exploitent les concessions à leur manière de façon durable, pour à la fois protéger les forêts, conserver la biodiversité et aussi améliorer leurs conditions de vie socio-économique.À lire aussiCongo-B: premier congrès mondial des peuples autochtones des grands bassins forestiers

Le Code noir, promulgué en 1685 sous Louis XIV, est un texte juridique destiné à encadrer l'esclavage dans les colonies françaises. Il fixe le statut des personnes réduites en esclavage, leurs droits (très limités) et surtout leurs obligations, ainsi que celles de leurs propriétaires. Mais contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait imaginer, le Code noir n'a jamais été officiellement abrogé par la France. Pourquoi ?1. Un texte devenu obsolète par les faitsLe Code noir a perdu sa force juridique non pas par abrogation explicite, mais par l'évolution du droit et de la société :L'esclavage est aboli une première fois en 1794 sous la Révolution, mais rétabli par Napoléon en 1802.Il est définitivement aboli en 1848, sous la IIe République, grâce à Victor Schœlcher, sous-secrétaire d'État à la Marine et aux Colonies.À partir de là, l'existence d'un texte qui régit l'esclavage devient juridiquement caduque : on ne peut plus appliquer un code qui s'appuie sur une pratique désormais interdite.Mais voilà : le Code noir n'a jamais été expressément abrogé par une loi, tout simplement parce qu'il n'en avait plus besoin. Il est tombé en désuétude, comme on dit en droit. Il est devenu un texte mort, sans qu'on prenne la peine de l'enterrer formellement.2. Pourquoi ne pas l'avoir symboliquement aboli ?Plusieurs raisons peuvent expliquer ce silence :La coutume législative : en France, on n'abroge pas toujours formellement les textes anciens quand ils sont rendus caducs par d'autres lois plus récentes.L'oubli ou l'embarras : le Code noir est longtemps resté un angle mort de l'histoire nationale. Pendant des décennies, l'État français a minimisé ou évité le débat sur son héritage colonial et esclavagiste.L'absence de demande juridique : puisqu'il n'était plus appliqué, aucune pression n'a été exercée pour l'abroger dans les textes.3. Reconnaissance tardive mais réelleCe n'est que très récemment que la France a commencé à reconnaître pleinement les conséquences de l'esclavage. En 2001, la loi Taubira a officiellement reconnu l'esclavage comme crime contre l'humanité. Elle marque une étape symbolique et politique forte, mais sans toucher directement au Code noir.En résuméLe Code noir n'a pas été aboli parce qu'il est devenu inutile juridiquement après l'abolition de l'esclavage en 1848. Il est tombé dans l'oubli, sans abrogation formelle. Ce silence témoigne aussi d'un long déni collectif sur l'histoire coloniale et esclavagiste de la France, que la mémoire nationale ne commence à affronter que depuis quelques décennies. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

L'actualité qui a retenu l'attention de La Loupe de la semaine, c'est la montée des tensions entre Israël et les pays occidentaux au sujet de l'offensive israélienne dans la bande de Gaza. Une guerre responsable de plus de 53 000 morts dont de nombreux enfants. Le blocus mis en place par l'Etat hébreu est aussi responsable d'une situation humanitaire dramatique. Face à cela, les chefs d'Etat, notamment européens, sont de plus en plus nombreux à condamner Israël. Et pour faire monter la pression, ils misent sur un argument de poids : la reconnaissance de l'Etat palestinien. On en parle avec Charles Carrasco, journaliste au service Monde de L'Express. Retrouvez tous les détails de l'épisode ici et inscrivez-vous à notre newsletter. L'équipe : Présentation: Charlotte BarisEcriture : Aude Villiers-MoriaméMontage et réalisation : Jules KrotCrédits : France Inter, INA Musique et habillage : Emmanuel Herschon / Studio Torrent Logo : Jérémy CambourPour nous écrire : laloupe@lexpress.fr Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

durée : 00:04:33 - Le Reportage de la rédaction - Depuis dix ans, le peintre en lettres ne fait officiellement plus partie de la liste des métiers d'art fixée par arrêté. Tombé en désuétude dans les années 90, le métier retrouve un nouveau souffle. Une nouvelle génération se bat pour que les professionnels soient à nouveau reconnus.

Ces policiers d'élite des brigades de recherche et d'intervention sont en première ligne contre le grand banditisme. En "grève du zèle" depuis un mois, ils dénoncent des conditions de travail éprouvantes, une disponibilité permanente non compensée, et réclament une prime mensuelle de 500 euros pour la pénibilité de leur mission.Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Send us a textYou've asked. We've avoided. But today? We answer. In this no-holds-barred, caffeine-fueled episode, Aaron and Trent finally break down what Special Reconnaissance (SR) actually does—why it exists, why it's not just “Air Force Marine Recon,” and why anyone trying to say “but SEALs can do that” needs to go touch grass.Trent—who literally helped write the playbook for SR—lays out why the Air Force had to level up from SOWT, why SR isn't a clone of other recon units, and how SR brings a capability-based solution to Air Force-specific problems in the next-gen fight. Oh, and if you think it's just “guys sneaking around in ghillie suits,” strap in. We're talking intel, electronic warfare, environmental sensing, sniper school, free fall, and (hopefully) dive recovery missions… all while bridging the gap between air assets and ground teams.Also: Why the Air Force finally realized being “just an enabler” wasn't cutting it anymore, how SOCOM called their bluff, and why SR isn't meant to just “loan guys out” to other services. This is your crash course on why SR isn't weather anymore—and why it's a critical wedge in the special warfare team.

Stéphane Bern raconte, en ce 24 avril, jour de commémoration, un chapitre tragique de l'Histoire : le génocide des Arméniens qui a eu lieu en Turquie, entre 1915 et 1916. Une opération méticuleusement préparée par les hauts dignitaires du gouvernement ottaman qui ont procédé à une épuration ethnique sans précédent… Comment le génocide arménien a-t-il été, au même titre que le génocide des juifs d'Europe lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, préparé ? Pourquoi sa reconnaissance a-t-elle pris autant de temps ? Quels sont, aujourd'hui encore, les enjeux mémoriels ? Pour en parler, Stéphane Bern reçoit Raymond Kévorkian, historien, directeur de recherche émérite à l'Institut français de géopolitique, président de la Fondation Musée-Institut du génocide des Arméniens, auteur de "Le Génocide des Arméniens" et " Parachever un génocide" (Odile Jacob). Au Coeur de l'Histoire. Rédaction en chef : Benjamin Delsol. Auteur du récit : Tony Liégois. Journaliste : Clara Leger. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

The National Security Hour with Major Fred Galvin – In this pulse-pounding episode, Major Fred Galvin USMC (Ret.) dives deep into the elite world of Marine special operations with Lieutenant Colonel Brian Von Herbulis, USMC (Ret.), a decorated warrior who served at the tip of the spear. Learn what it really costs to defend America's freedom — one target at a time...