Podcasts about englishman

Finally—the first unit of reading this year! We are reading all kinds of English literature, from histories to plays, and even some poetry, and this is the episode I share with you what's on the list.When we decided to go on this trip to England, I thought this was a great time to combine an old routine of “pre-vacation reading” with my newfound enjoyment of old, classic, and even “great” books. This is the first time I've put together anything more than just one or two titles, though, and I'm interested to see how it works out.While I haven't finished everything yet, here is what's on the list right now:Venerable Bede—An Ecclesiastical History of England (Honestly way more fun than it sounds)Alfred the Great—A History of the Anglo-Saxon People (and Vikings!)Bijan Omrani—God Is an Englishman (modern history that talks about English Christianity and the Church of England)Henry Fielding—The History of Thomas Jones, a Foundling (I've never read anything that more embodies the word “rollicking”)Anne Brontë—The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (less rollicking for sure)The Book of Common Prayer (1662 Edition)Helene Hanff—84, Charing Cross Road and Q's Legacy (set in London but that's okay)James Herriott—All Creatures Great and Small (for Yorkshire atmosphere)William Shakespeare—Henry IV Parts 1 and 2; Henry V (the history England THINKS is true)I've already read many of these, but we are only leaving for our trip this week. So come with me while we see if this helps, was too much, or maybe I missed the mark entirely! What should I add for a trip to Yorkshire and Scotland? Let me know!LINKThe complete list of Crack the Book Episodes (Amazon affiliate links): https://cheryldrury.substack.com/p/crack-the-book-start-here?r=u3t2rCONNECTTo read more of my writing, visit my Substack - https://www.cheryldrury.substack.com.Follow me on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/cldrury/ Like what you heard? Buy me a coffee! https://ko-fi.com/crackthebookLISTENSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5GpySInw1e8IqNQvXow7Lv?si=9ebd5508daa245bdApple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/crack-the-book/id1749793321 Captivate - https://crackthebook.captivate.fm

A series of 16 influential political pamphlets published between 1776 and 1783 during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) titled The American Crisis, or simply The Crisis, by eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine — an Englishman living in the colonies who signed his essays anonymously as "Common Sense," the title of his earlier influential work. Each essay, bolstered the morale of the American colonists to fight hard for their independence, appealed to the English to support the colonist's cause, clarified the issues at stake, and denounced any type of negotiated peace. The essays were gathered into one volume in 1882, showcasing the iconic opening line: "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." The American Crisis by Thomas Paine at https://amzn.to/4dKKClU Common Sense by Thomas Paine (book) available at https://amzn.to/3MKX77b Writings of Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/3MCaFC2 Books about Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/4s3qxOg ENJOY Ad-Free content, Bonus episodes, and Extra materials when joining our growing community on https://patreon.com/markvinet SUPPORT this channel by purchasing any product on Amazon using this FREE entry LINK https://amzn.to/3POlrUD (Amazon gives us credit at NO extra charge to you). Mark Vinet's HISTORICAL JESUS podcast at https://parthenonpodcast.com/historical-jesus Mark's TIMELINE video channel: https://youtube.com/c/TIMELINE_MarkVinet Website: https://markvinet.com/podcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mark.vinet.9 X (twitter): https://twitter.com/MarkVinet_HNA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/denarynovels Mark's books: https://amzn.to/3k8qrGM Audio credits: The American Crisis by Thomas Paine (a LibriVox production read by volunteers and coordinated by Michele Fry, 2014). See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Paul Hawksbee and Andy Jacobs are back to look over all the fallout and action from last night's World Cup fixtures. The brilliant comedian Dee Allum joins us for Creatures of the Night, after staying up late bringing us her play by play report of South Korea v Czech Republic!Plus, South American football expert Tim Vickery drops by to give us the latest on Brazil and a certain Carlo Ancelotti. We also hear an incredible tale from England and Fulham fan John, who tells the boys what it was like to be the only Englishman photographed celebrating on the pitch with Diego Maradona after Argentina won the 1986 World Cup. Finally, Alex Crook joins the show live from Dallas to recount his evening of cowboy shopping.Instagram: @tSHandJTwitter: @tSHandJWebsite: Live Radio, Breaking Sports News, Opinion - talkSPORT Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week in our summer series featuring old-time radio appearances by actors who later played killers on Columbo, we spotlight Roddy McDowall. McDowall stars as young Ronnie Cavanaugh in a radio adaptation of The Pied Piper, the story of an elderly Englishman who reluctantly becomes the protector of a growing band of refugee children as…

A series of 16 influential political pamphlets published between 1776 and 1783 during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) titled The American Crisis, or simply The Crisis, by eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine — an Englishman living in the colonies who signed his essays anonymously as "Common Sense," the title of his earlier influential work. Each essay, bolstered the morale of the American colonists to fight hard for their independence, appealed to the English to support the colonist's cause, clarified the issues at stake, and denounced any type of negotiated peace. The essays were gathered into one volume in 1882, showcasing the iconic opening line: "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." The American Crisis by Thomas Paine at https://amzn.to/4dKKClU Common Sense by Thomas Paine (book) available at https://amzn.to/3MKX77b Writings of Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/3MCaFC2 Books about Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/4s3qxOg ENJOY Ad-Free content, Bonus episodes, and Extra materials when joining our growing community on https://patreon.com/markvinet SUPPORT this channel by purchasing any product on Amazon using this FREE entry LINK https://amzn.to/3POlrUD (Amazon gives us credit at NO extra charge to you). Mark Vinet's HISTORICAL JESUS podcast at https://parthenonpodcast.com/historical-jesus Mark's TIMELINE video channel: https://youtube.com/c/TIMELINE_MarkVinet Website: https://markvinet.com/podcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mark.vinet.9 X (twitter): https://twitter.com/MarkVinet_HNA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/denarynovels Mark's books: https://amzn.to/3k8qrGM Audio credits: The American Crisis by Thomas Paine (a LibriVox production read by volunteers and coordinated by Michele Fry, 2014). See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The first half of the WorldSBK season is in the books and Steve and Gordo get you up to date with the latest news from inside the paddock as Nicolo Bulega continues his relentless drive to a first Superbike title. The Italian is still perfect for 2026 with 18 wins from 18 starts but Sunday's Superpole Race saw him pushed harder than at any point thus far. His harder rear tyre proved the difference maker but, as ever, Bulega found a way to win. What must Iker Lecuona be thinking? The Spainard, 15 times a runner-up finisher this year, is hunting for his first WorldSBK victory. He's hurting too because he knows how close he keeps coming to that success. His reward for his hard work will be seen this weekend in MotoGP where he'll replace Alex Marquez. Outside of the Aruba.it Ducati riders there was plenty to talk about but Gordo's conversations with Tommy Bridewell have certainly left an impression. The Englishman had his best finish of the season, fifth position in Race 1, and is making the most out of his Ducati V4R to reap some good results.

Glenn plays some disturbing footage of Paul Krugman claiming society needs to thoroughly “purge” Trump supporters. Glenn warns of a very dark future if Americans choose this path. Glenn breaks down a recent article on his website, “The Russian Influence Operations Targeting Candace Owens and You,” which exposes the Russian influence that continues to happen to Americans. Glenn warns of the ideological operation that is infiltrating the political Right, disguising itself as patriotism and faith. Glenn discusses the horrific story of Henry Nowak, an 18-year-old Englishman who was stabbed and died while in police custody. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Primary elections happened across the country, but some outcomes won't be known for over a week, as California says it will take 10 days for some vote counts to be finalized. How did we put a man on the moon, but a state can't count votes in a day with today's technology? Glenn, Jason, and Rikki discuss some of the outcomes we do know from yesterday, including the possible election of New Jersey House candidate Adam Hamawy (D), whose past puts a security clearance in question. Glenn plays some disturbing footage of Paul Krugman claiming society needs to thoroughly “purge” Trump supporters. Glenn warns of a very dark future if Americans choose this path. Glenn breaks down a recent article on his website, “The Russian Influence Operations Targeting Candace Owens and You,” which exposes the Russian influence that continues to happen to Americans. Glenn warns of the ideological operation that is infiltrating the political Right, disguising itself as patriotism and faith. Glenn discusses the horrific story of Henry Nowak, an 18-year-old Englishman who was stabbed and died while in police custody. Glenn rants against tourists who visit Yellowstone National Park and treat wild bison as selfie props. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What a lot of fun I had talking to Zena Hitz about Gulliver's Travels. As well as discussing Swift, slavery, genocide, rationality, Christianity, and science, Zena told me that good philosophy is like a box of cake mix and that a liberal education requires you to be freed of false expertise. I also took Zena on a detour to discuss Iris Murdoch, the Catherine Project, and modern philosophy. TRANSCRIPTHENRY OLIVER: Today I am talking to Zena Hitz. Zena is a tutor at St. John's College. She is a philosopher, the author of Lost in Thought. She runs the Catherine Project. She's famous on Twitter. We don't know how she does it all. Zena, welcome.ZENA HITZ: Thank you, Henry. It's great to be here.OLIVER: And we're talking about Gulliver's Travels because it is 300 years since it was published, and it's a book that you love.HITZ: A book that I've loved for a long time.First Encounter with Gulliver's TravelsOLIVER: So tell me, when did you first read it?HITZ: Well, it was an important moment for me. I was in high school, and I was admitted to a scholarship summer program which offered college courses at different campuses. There were some normal-looking college courses at normal-looking colleges. And then there was this course at St. John's called Science as Literature, Literature as Science. [laughs] It had this description that was just unbelievable. And I thought to myself, “This is the one, obviously the one to go to.”So I went, and we read books that no one in their right mind would assign to high school students now, and maybe not then. The fragments of Parmenides, Plato's Timaeus, selections from Aristotle's Physics, Gulliver's Travels. After reading a number of—preface to Ptolemy's Almagest, geocentric astronomy. And we read Gulliver's Travels after reading selections from Hooke's Micrographia, so the inventor of the microscope, and Galileo's Starry Messenger, which is one of the great first uses of the telescope to discover the nature of the moon and the satellites of Jupiter.So then we read Gulliver's Travels. We also read Emma and Flannery O'Connor and various other things. And one of the faculty who was running it said at one point, “Well, we thought we'd throw a bunch of things together and see what you could do, what you could make of it. We didn't actually have an idea of how these all fit together,” which I think was probably true.At any rate, I think I came to Gulliver's Travels thinking about these scientists who were looking at very large things and very small things, and thinking in general about the follies of human perception, whether that was shown in literature or philosophy or what have you, the ways in which human perception and knowledge don't work very well. And I think Swift is still one of the best people to—Gulliver's Travels is still one of the best books about that because it's in the mode of a travel diary, an eyewitness account.Gulliver is trained as a surgeon, by his own account. He at one point says he was a bit of a projector in his younger days, someone who undertook scientific projects. And he's a terrible observer, the worst imaginable observer, and Swift so brilliantly lets us see through his eyes, lets us see all the things he doesn't see. And I think it's not just about seeing and knowing. It has a very profound, I think, moral and political set of commitments. So it's a very humane book. It's social criticism, but from a point of view of a very deep humanity. So I've always loved the book for these reasons since then.I came back to it more recently because it is part of the curriculum at St. John's. So when I came back to teach there, I began to reread it. The other experience I had was that I wrote a long essay on it when I was an undergraduate. So those are my—I'm not any kind of expert. My knowledge of the historical context of the book is limited. It's not zero, but it's limited. But I have always loved it as an account of human understanding and its failures and the way that might impact how we live and how happy we can be.The Houyhnhnm ProblemOLIVER: Have you changed how you think about it as you've taught it?HITZ: I have not really changed the way I think about it. It gets more—like all of these books, the more you read them, the more comes out of them, the more details come up. Hilarious. The more jokes you get, the more . . .I think the one more recent insight I had was, I hadn't understood the full horror of the Houyhnhnms in the last book until relatively recently. I think that took me some time to really take on. It's one of the cases where Gulliver's misperceptions are a bit harder to see, and I think many readers just assume that Swift is endorsing the praise of the Houyhnhnms in some sense or other.OLIVER: There are some very serious critics in the past who have called them Swift's ideal beings. Which at this point in history seems unthinkable, but it has been a belief among serious readers.HITZ: Yes, yes. And also common among students. Yes, it's absolutely one of the wrongest opinions you could have about anything, I think.OLIVER: Why does Swift allow us to make that mistake? Are we bad readers out of the context, or has he made too good a job of his diversions and concealments and ironies?HITZ: That's a great question, and I'll just take a stab at it. I think that he has hit on a mode of misperception which is very deep to us, and it's something that we're much more guilty of. We could imagine that if we were in a place where everyone was small or everyone was large, we might make mistakes like Gulliver makes. But we all live, I think, in communities that are a bit like the Houyhnhnms. And so we are all very subject to these kinds of deceptions, and I think that's how he gets us.That's not to really excuse the bad readings because, you know, Gulliver does leave the land of the Houyhnhnms with a boat made out of human skin, which should—I think that moment should make you realize, if you haven't yet, that something is very seriously wrong with Gulliver. Gulliver has been kind of destroyed as a person by his travels, and especially by this last trip. But if you pass over that little detail, maybe you think, “Oh, wow, he found some very simple beings.”OLIVER: Well, there's also the great council where they debate the genocide of the Yahoos.HITZ: [laughs] Yes.OLIVER: And it directly contradicts several things Gulliver has come to believe about the Houyhnhnms, about the Yahoos, and about himself. And he's completely unaware of these contradictions and so in awe of the Houyhnhnms that he doesn't quite understand, I think, that he's accounting a genocide.HITZ: That's right. That's right.OLIVER: Even though he uses a phrase from Genesis that's very unmistakable. It's a sort of remarkable moment of—particularly to us, having had the 20th century. I think that's why Swift came back into favor in a way, because people used to say, Swift's unbearable view of human nature . . .This is a great bit in Boswell's Life of Johnson where, when they're traveling through Scotland, they're with a lady, and she says to Johnson, “Is any man naturally good?” And Johnson says, “No, no more than a wolf.” And Boswell says, “Well, sir, what about ladies?” And Johnson says, “God, no, absolutely not.” And this woman says, “Oh my God, this is worse than Swift,” utterly horrific view of human nature.But of course, we can actually say, did he go far enough? [laughter] I mean, Swift clearly understands something very real and deep. The council of genocide is horrifyingly familiar to us. And I think that's much to Swift's credit that he can see that, and to show that Gulliver would blind himself to it. And people still blind themselves to it, right?HITZ: That's right. And I wonder—you would know more about this than me because it is a bit of a historical question, but my understanding is that quite a lot of the savagery, the worst parts of rule over men that we see in Gulliver's Travels are pictures of Ireland in the 17th, 18th centuries. And I wonder if that took some time to reveal itself to the British, and in some ways it's still not really as known as it might be. We think of the colonial project as being something that was directed at India and Africa—OLIVER: Faraway countries.HITZ: —faraway countries where people looked really different. And we're not as familiar with the kinds of things that were done to the cuddly Irish with their nice music, and who we don't think of as being people that you would savagely oppress like that. So I think—OLIVER: So, I think partly the English are not interested in their own history in the way that they are expected to be. And partly the English interest in Irish history has become very focused on the more recent events. And it's very hard to get back past that. And it all becomes very complicated, and it's a sort of different country. So there's some of that, but I think generally we don't want to know what we did, yes.HITZ: Well, and I think in anglophone countries in general, there's going to be a history of something like that. To attribute it to the British is not to say that—I mean, Americans have chattel slavery and the genocide of the natives, and the Australians have their own situation. All of the anglophone countries have something like this on their conscience.I think that obscures the meaning of that final book. I think we don't recognize—and that's really to Swift's credit, to have a social critique that is so real and so deep that you may not even recognize yourself in the picture.Slavery in Gulliver's TravelsOLIVER: Yes. When I read it again—I read it as an undergraduate, but I really was actually more interested in the other parts of Swift's work. And I thought it was brilliant, and then I read it again. And it was more recently that—I didn't understand how I couldn't have seen it, but it's basically a book about slavery, as I come back to it.And in each of the books there is enslavement of a different sort. So, to begin with, Gulliver is the one being kept in a box or kept in a house, or he's chained up by the Lilliputians or Glumdalclitch.HITZ: Right. That's right.OLIVER: She's a very nice sort of master, as it were, [laughter] but he has that box that can be sealed, and the dwarf has him swiping at the wasps. And then the enslavement that the flying island has of the country below is like England and Ireland. And then in the final book, you know, the Houyhnhnms are whipping the Yahoos.HITZ: That's right.OLIVER: The slavery thing gets worse and worse as the book goes on. And one of the things that's clever is that it's funny when Gulliver is enslaved, right? When the wasps are let out and he has to—and Swift sort of does that clever thing where he undermines things by making it a joke at the end. By the book of the Houyhnhnms, there is really very little humor. And the twist at the end is always dark.Gulliver can't see that—he can see that he's a bit like the Yahoos. But he can't see that they've been enslaved in the way that he—the farmer wanted to take him around the kingdom and show him off, and he says, “I couldn't possibly have had children in that condition because I couldn't have it on my conscience that I had begotten a slave, someone born into slavery. I couldn't do that.”HITZ: Right.OLIVER: Then he's in the Houyhnhnms and he can't—it's quite remarkable.HITZ: [laughs] Yes. I don't think it's quite true that in the end there's no humor. I read it with some Catherine Project group a couple of years ago, and one of the readers pointed out that it's not obvious Gulliver isn't leaving his home and sitting out in the ocean and always landing on England every single time; just every time, he lands there.And there's something hilarious about an Englishman that discovers a place where there's all horses, [laughter] and his love of horses overwhelms him, and he becomes persuaded that they're the only rational beings that there are. I mean, that is funny.OLIVER: Yes, I agree. There's a lot of irony and stuff. But I think it's in Lilliput when he describes their manner of writing. And he says they don't write from left to right as we do in England, or from right to left, or up-down like the Chinese, but from one corner to the other, as the ladies do in England. This is very funny, dry humor, and that sort of thing is gone. And the things that surprise you at the end of a sentence or a paragraph are more like, “Oh, and of course I used Yahoo skin to cover the boat.” And you're like, oh my God, this is not a joke anymore.You know, in A Modest Proposal, he makes real humor out of those kind of horrors. And with the Houyhnhnms, I think he actually refuses the joke to make you feel the disgust, in a way.HITZ: Yes, that might be right. That might be right.Swift and PhilosophyOLIVER: What do you think about the idea that the Houyhnhnms are drawn from the Phaedrus and Socrates's idea of the soul with the two horses? And there's the good, rational horse and the vulgar, passionate horse, and the Yahoos are the other horse. You see what I mean?HITZ: Yes, yes.OLIVER: Is Swift showing us the two sides, and Gulliver's mistake is to prefer the one and not the—HITZ: Right, I think I have heard something like this before. I'm a bit skeptical. Swift doesn't strike me as someone who uses philosophy in quite that way. I think he's much more interested in Gulliver's—the Houyhnhnms' self-deception about the kinds of beings they are. They do not say “the thing which is not,” yet Gulliver's master hides from him this conversation about the genocide for quite some time. And maybe we don't know if he tells him quite the whole truth about it. So there's—OLIVER: And he also conceals the fact that the others don't like Gulliver because he's a partial—a reasonable Yahoo, as it were.HITZ: Right. So their self-deception, Gulliver's being taken in by their self-deception, the ways in which they—this is one of the ways that I think it's profound about the nature of slavery. And to cheer us all up, I'll make a Holocaust analogy, as you also did.When I was traveling in Germany some years ago, in one of their Holocaust museums, there was an image from a Nazi-era German newspaper of Jewish people living in complete squalor in the ghetto. And of course, they had forced them into squalor. But somehow they forced them into squalor, and then this reinforces the sense that they're these rat-like beings.And there's something very similar that the Houyhnhnms do to the Yahoos. They force them into this animal state, and then they say, “Oh God, look, these people are disgusting. They just don't know how to act.” That seems to me the kind of level at which Swift is working. He is interested in the nature of a human being, but not in the abstract Platonic sense, I don't think.He strikes me as someone who believes in common sense, common decency, basic freedom, and basic use of reason. And he finds in his time that there's distorting teachings, distorting ways of behavior that have gotten people far off track. To me, that's what it feels like it comes from. It doesn't feel like Plato is in the background to me.OLIVER: Is there an extent to which, though, it's a work of sort of anti-philosophy? As you say, Swift, he likes common sense. He likes ordinary reason, and he likes what he would call the revealed truth of Christianity. So he talks, in his sermons about people, it comes to you from God like a light. It's revealed to you. And he doesn't like this idea that the philosophers can work it all out.And in a way, that's the same sort of mistake that the scientists think they can discover all this stuff, and they go in these crazy ways. And the Houyhnhnms are a bit like that. If you had philosopher-kings, they would end up being perverted examples of rationality because they're ignoring the—so do you think it's anti-philosophy in a way? The book is saying, “No, no, I don't want philosophers”?Criticizing Elite Intellectual CultureHITZ: That's definitely a plausible reading. But it's hard to tell whether it's anti-philosophy or anti a particular style of thinking. It's worth pointing out, in that light, that Gulliver, when he arrives in the land of the Houyhnhnms, before he even meets a horse, he sees a Yahoo who, from what I can tell from the text, is trying to wave at him and say hello, who recognizes him. And he's horrified. He sees him instantly as a monster.So I think immediately upon landing, he sees the Yahoos as monstrous, and that tells me that he must already be off kilter. So he's not just corrupted by the Houyhnhnms; he's been somehow led off track, away from the capacity to recognize fellow human beings before that.And he's come from this—the third book is all about various kinds of inquiry, scientific endeavors, practical endeavors, talking to the greats of the past, necromancy, and various kinds of inquiry into wisdom or things like wisdom. And somehow that's the thing that seems to push him to the point where he can no longer tell what a human being is.OLIVER: One of my favorite parts is when he's with the wizards, and he asks to be shown Homer and Aristotle and all their commentators. And he says that there were vast rooms full of these commentators, endless numbers of them. But Homer and Aristotle didn't recognize any of them because they were all so ashamed of the terrible things they'd said about these great men's works that they kept themselves forever in a different part of the underworld. They couldn't bear the shame of being revealed to having told lies and said second-rate things.It's very, very funny. And I think that's another sort of angle on which the book says, “You're so tempted to make a comment and have an idea and be a philosopher, and you should just accept the revealed truth of what is known. Just stop it. Just stop it.” [laughter]HITZ: Well, I suppose maybe I would also put it this way, that Swift sees the condition of 18th-century Ireland, which is quite poor, very bad. And it's ruled in a savage way by the English, who have a quite flourishing intellectual culture, as it happens, at this time.So I think what he might be is not a critic of philosophy so much as a critic of intellectual culture. Because intellectual culture seems to not only not help with existential concerns like slavery and oppression and savage poverty, but even serves to mask and hide and create illusions behind it.So that's, I guess, how it strikes me, as a book that's hostile to what you'd now call elite intellectual culture. And I don't know how fundamental that critique is, in light of its inability to solve problems for real human beings or to obscure the causes of what's going on with real human beings.OLIVER: I think it's quite fundamental because outside of Gulliver's—I think this comes into Gulliver's Travels, but what he might have said more explicitly elsewhere is, there are people starving in the streets of Dublin. And we've got corrupt politicians and intellectuals saying all these things, but you know, here she is starving. You don't need to work that out. [laughter] There's no question—the reveal—just be a Christian and, like, for goodness' sake . . .HITZ: Yes.OLIVER: And when, for example, he talks to the king of Brobdingnag, and there's that wonderful satire of the English government and everything. And he says, “Those people understood mathematics and poetry and whatever, but I could never drive into their head any sense of the abstract or any of these speculative—they simply didn't know what that was. They didn't know what I was saying.” [laughter]And so in a way, his ideal government is anti-philosophical because it would just look at the human problem in front of it. It wouldn't do speculative science. It wouldn't think of itself as rational, all this Platonic stuff. It would just—she's in rags, she has bare feet, you know?HITZ: Yes, that's right.OLIVER: What do we need a philosopher-king? Like, what are you talking about?HITZ: Exactly.OLIVER: The priest understands this because he's there in the city doing it. And is there something of that in the book, that constant resistance of the cleverness of people who cannot see daily life?HITZ: I think that's absolutely true, and I think it's probably one of the things I love about the book, because I think this somehow gets to something in my own heart. Even though I'm a professional intellectual—I have been my whole life—the distance between the concerns of professional intellectuals and the concerns of living, real people in various parts of the world is very large.And it's even worse when, as it was when I was coming up in grad school, there's a ton of explicit concern and various operations underway to improve life for others, which have zero connection with anything that anyone actually does. So I think the Laputans, which is the beginning of the third book, when Gulliver—OLIVER: The flying island.HITZ: Yes, when Gulliver visits the people on the flying island, who have one eye towards the heavens and one eye pointed inward. And they study music and mathematics, and they live in a giant flying saucer, which has the—OLIVER: And the flappers.HITZ: That's right. [laughter] When someone needs to talk to them, someone flaps their ears so that they pay attention. And their wives all run off with working people because they can't bear to be treated the way they are by men like this. And the flying saucer is not just distant. It also has the power to crush the towns underneath it if it judges them to be rebellious.This image will stick with you for the rest of your life. I mean, it's absolutely perfect, and the perfect image of bad government of a kind when intellectual culture is prized. And it's hinted early on in the book in Lilliput, when the rulers in Lilliput have to do these elaborate dances with ropes.OLIVER: Oh, with the king and the chief minister hold the pole, funny angles, and if you get under it, you get a green ribbon or a red ribbon.HITZ: Exactly. [laughter] And they have these athletic contests of grace and various colored ribbons, and that determine how far you get in the halls of power.OLIVER: Yes. Are you a cabinet minister or a junior minister? Yes, yes.HITZ: Exactly. So there, it's all just a funny joke. But it develops, I think, into the Laputans, people who have kinds of expertise that are actually hostile to them doing any kind of humane governing. So yes, that seems right to me.Christianity in GulliverOLIVER: To what extent is it a Christian book?HITZ: That's an interesting question. I've never found a strong Christian element in it myself. There are satires of religious wars, both in Lilliput, where Lilliput's at war with its neighboring city. Oh, wait a second, there's two different disputes in Lilliput. One is about what side you cut your egg on.OLIVER: There are the Little-Endians and the Big-Endians,HITZ: Right. And then there's also one about heel size. So there's two different kinds of disputes.OLIVER: With the marvelous image that the king is a Short-Heeler. But they think that the heir to the throne might be favorable to the High-Heelers because he has one heel slightly higher than the other, and he walks with a wobbly gait.HITZ: [laughs] That's right. This, again, in Lilliput is just utterly hilarious, outrageous, very silly, obviously a parody of religious wars between different kinds of Christians. But it resurfaces towards the end. It's the Houyhnhnms, where he talks to the Master Horse—OLIVER: And the horse sort of pretends to this great rationality, simply can't understand that men would kill each other over the question of whether flesh is bread or bread is flesh.HITZ: That's right. That's right. That's right. So there's definitely disparaging remarks about religious wars. And as you're talking about it, where along with Swift's praise of common sense, there's a kind of basic Christian morality, which is that the poor and the suffering need attention. That all strikes me as Christian. Apart from that, I'm not sure. If you have a religious take, I'd be interested to hear it.OLIVER: I find it very interesting that Swift had quite strict beliefs. He was not in favor of Catholics. He thought Dissenters should be tolerated, but he wanted the Test Act. He was very particular about all these things. And in his other works, he's quite direct about that. But in this book, he achieves a kind of high ambivalence. And he's not a Little-Ender or a Big-Ender.HITZ: That's right.OLIVER: And he says the religious text on which this is based simply says that you must break the egg at the most convenient end.HITZ: [laughs] That's right.OLIVER: Now, of course, in reality, he's a Little-Ender, and he's very committed to the Reformation, and he thinks it's all terrible that they're not. And it's interesting that someone with such angry, insistent beliefs on the Anglican Church would take this ambivalent position.And he satirizes so much. But the anti-slavery stuff, the description of the Laputans bringing the island down, and then he says, “I've never seen so much want and misery, and there's a wild look in their eyes, and they're wearing rags.” I mean, this is Dublin, right? This is just, along with the slavery, this basic Christian concern for the oppressed, the poor, the suffering.HITZ: Yes, that's right.OLIVER: And so I don't quite know. It's almost like the book is saying, again with this anti-intellectual thing, all these doctrinal disputes and which church this and who believes that. And here we have slaves and poor people and beggars and starving people.HITZ: Right.OLIVER: Christianity should deal with that first. So is the implicit criticism of his fellow Christians, in a way, that they're more interested in these disputes than in the fact that there are enslaved people and suffering people and—you see what I mean?HITZ: Yes, that's right.OLIVER: And Gulliver—the Houyhnhnms are highly rational but not Christian, which is a significant omission. And by the end, are you supposed to wonder if Gulliver actually isn't very much of a Christian? Because he can see this suffering and not respond to it at all.HITZ: Right, when maybe the—is the best person in the book the King of Brobdingnag? Does that seem right? The person with the—at least who says the best things?OLIVER: He says the best things. I think the best person is Glumdalclitch. She shows real charity and real love towards him.HITZ: What about the Houyhnhnm, the one who likes him, who says, “Fare thee well, gentle Yahoo”? It's tear-jerking—OLIVER: Oh, the sorrel nag.HITZ: The sorrel nag. I can literally weep at that moment when she says, “Fare thee well, gentle Yahoo.”OLIVER: That's true. That's true. She and Glumdalclitch are maybe more similar characters. Yes, yes, yes.HITZ: They're similar characters. Okay.OLIVER: And they have that basic, you don't need to call it Christian. You don't need—it doesn't need theology.HITZ: Humane. I would call it humane. Yes.OLIVER: They have that basic love of their fellow. You know, Glumdalclitch doesn't say, “Oh, how amusing this little man is, or how entertaining, or I can make—” She says, “He must be cared for. He looks a bit like me. He must be cared for.”HITZ: Right.OLIVER: And the sorrel nag, again, has the love of the fellow creature.HITZ: That's right. That's right.OLIVER: So I think Swift might be bringing in this, what he thinks of as the revealed truth of Christianity. Like, you shouldn't need telling, you shouldn't need to argue. It's there.HITZ: Right. This is just me making things up, which is what I'm here for. We're podcasting. Yes.OLIVER: Yes, of course. Also, is that not what the philosophers would do? That's what Swift would say.HITZ: But if I was going to make something up, what I would say is something like this: that Swift to me, from the testimony of Gulliver's Travels, which is the book of his I really know the best. I don't know much about the rest of it. He has a level of self-awareness and sophistication. So, he knows that that religious difference is being used as a pretext. He knows that it is obscuring the suffering of these people. So, for the purposes of the book, he says, “Look, if you're a smart person, if you're a smart ruler, if you're an actually humane, intelligent, commonsensical ruler, you know that the fact that they have the wrong religious views is not a reason for them to be enslaved and oppressed and starved.” So that would be my suspicion.And that's why I think, to me, the religion is so light, because it's not really a religious problem. It's actually just a human problem and a political problem that is, how do you run your country so that these subject peoples are allowed to be free and develop themselves and be full human beings? That would be my made-up guess.Students' Views of GulliverOLIVER: What do undergraduates think? What is it that they find interesting in the book, and what do they like or dislike?HITZ: It's been a couple of years. I think they like this idea that—we all think travel is very broadening, a great way to think about the world. You know, you can learn so much about one's fellow human beings. And whatever else is going on in Gulliver's Travels, travel does not necessarily produce enlightenment.So I think they like the attention to the ways in which, even when we are trying to learn, we fail to learn. And the ways in which structures of learning, like traveling or studying science, might actually make you worse and not better, things like that. But it's not a book—I think it's fair to say it's not one of the favorite books of the undergraduates.OLIVER: Okay.HITZ: I think they find it a little bit distant, and I'm not sure why that is.OLIVER: Is it because it sort of looks like a novel, but it's not what we have come to expect a novel to be? And it sort of has that—HITZ: I think that's right.OLIVER: The pre–Jane Austen novel is kind of weird to us now.HITZ: Well, they love Don Quixote.OLIVER: Okay.HITZ: And that is a challenge of a similar kind. It's a novel which doesn't quite read like a novel, and the humor is kind of old. I mean, it's also true—undergraduates, in my experience, in general—I hope they'll forgive me for saying this on a podcast—they're not always good at comedy. They tend to think that serious things must be tragic.OLIVER: You can't get an A by making a joke.HITZ: Well, more that they have a sense that an intellectual life is something serious. It's serious.OLIVER: Oh, yes. Okay. And the syllabus slightly reinforces that, doesn't it?HITZ: Well, it's sort of self-reinforcing because we used to read more Aristophanes. We used to read Rabelais.OLIVER: If you do Shakespeare, it'll be the tragedies.HITZ: No, no, we do Shakespeare comedies.OLIVER: Oh, you do? Okay.HITZ: Yes. We have As You Like It and The Tempest. And do we have more tragedies? Maybe one more tragedy than comedy, but not a terrible imbalance.OLIVER: Well, that's good.HITZ: It's not Shakespeare-type comedy that's—maybe, correct me if I'm wrong, a Shakespeare comedy is something that ends in a marriage, more or less.OLIVER: More or less.HITZ: It's things that are funny—they don't necessarily think that humor is a way of thinking.OLIVER: Do they struggle with irony?HITZ: No, not usually. As long as it's serious irony, Anyway, I'm not sure why. I think I'm making things—I'm going too far out of the grounds for drawing conclusions.Favorite Parts of the BookOLIVER: Sure. Do you have a favorite passage?HITZ: One of my favorites is the part—is it Balnibarbi where they have people who try to speak with objects?OLIVER: Oh, yes, yes, yes.HITZ: And they have to carry around wagons full of things because they never know what you might want to talk about. [laughter] That's so weird. Because I think I spent a lot of time studying with philosophers, there's a bit of—something's on the nose about this.OLIVER: Yes.HITZ: You know, it's like, “No, you've got to say exactly—no, that's too imprecise. You have to say exactly what you mean.” Bernard Williams, the great philosopher, has something complaining about how contemporary philosophers are very controlling of their readers. They don't want anyone to make the slightest mistake about what they mean by a particular word. That's how the people who speak by objects strike me.OLIVER: Do you think that is a problem of contemporary philosophy?HITZ: Oh, sure. Yes, absolutely. Yes. The way Williams puts it is that when you write something, it should be like a cake mix, and the reader should be able to put their own egg and bake the cake themselves.OLIVER: Oh, I see. You mean like a box of mix, yes.HITZ: Yes, yes, exactly. It's like a box of cake mix. Whereas making the cake painstakingly and force-feeding it bite by bite to the reader is not actually an—OLIVER: Telling them how it tastes.HITZ: Telling them how it tastes is not an educational endeavor.OLIVER: When does this become too dominant in philosophy?HITZ: It's a feature of 20th-century analytic philosophy to be very careful with the meanings of words. And it's by no means universal; it's just a natural vice to the territory.Iris MurdochOLIVER: Is this a problem for someone like Iris Murdoch, or is it more the A. J. Ayer type?HITZ: No, it's the A. J. Ayer type, not Iris Murdoch. No, Iris Murdoch is heterodox outside of the—OLIVER: Do you like her philosophy?HITZ: I do, yes.OLIVER: What do you like about it? Platonic?HITZ: Now, see, I came here to talk about Swift. [laughter]OLIVER: I know, but you made such a good point about the satire of philosophers.HITZ: I like her writing for a more general educated audience, her not making assumptions about the philosophical training of her readers, and her use of Plato for sure, which is quite interesting and creative. She sort of ingests Plato and does something with it that I think is very interesting.OLIVER: Is she properly appreciated as a Platonist, or do you think there's more attention to be paid?HITZ: There's probably more attention to be paid, but she gets some attention. She gets some attention. I also don't think it was particularly helpful, these two books that came out a couple of years ago about Murdoch, Foot, Midgley, and Anscombe.OLIVER: Oh, yes, yes, yes. I only read one of those. It was quite good.HITZ: It might be quite good, but those four women are quite different from one another. So it's an example of where attention to identity could obscure as much as it—OLIVER: Well, one of the books was more about the ideas—they were both obviously about the ideas—and one of them was more about the fact that they were together in Oxford. And that they benefited from hanging out, talking, doing different sorts of work, sleeping with each other's husbands, et cetera.HITZ: Yes, all the good stuff.OLIVER: And from the more sociological point of view, it was very interesting to see that, actually, a lot of what Murdoch did was bound up with her friendships and relationships, in that the argument basically is, A. J. Ayer and the others get sent away because of the war. So these four women are actually—they've been banned from this seminar and told they're not allowed.Well, now they can sit around and do what they want to do. And it worked, and they all produced very interesting things. So from that point of view, I think it was—but I agree with you, Elizabeth Anscombe and Iris Murdoch are not the same. [laughter]HITZ: Not even particularly similar. I also feel like I've read enough of Murdoch's novels to have a sense of what the sociological situation was like.OLIVER: You like the novels?HITZ: I do like them, yes.OLIVER: Do you have favorites?HITZ: I can't remember the name of my favorite because I haven't read them for years. It's one of the things I read years ago, the one—I'd remember it if I saw the title. There's an LSD trip at the beginning of it.OLIVER: Oh, The Good Apprentice. I love that book.HITZ: The Good Apprentice, yes. I think that was my favorite. But I never fell in love with it. I just liked it, and I found it interesting, and I found the sociology interesting. Okay, this is what academics at this time period were doing.What to Pair with SwiftOLIVER: We got diverted.HITZ: “We” got diverted. [laughs]OLIVER: We did. If Swift is on a great books syllabus, what is it good to pair him with? If people are reading Swift, on or off a syllabus, do you think there are other—Hooker, you said, which I think would be interesting.HITZ: No, Hooke. It's Hooke.OLIVER: Hooke. Hooke. That's a very good point.HITZ: The guy who wrote Micrographia, who has the enormous picture of the flea.OLIVER: Yes, yes, yes. So that would be good. But any other? Is it worth reading Plato alongside him?HITZ: Well, I like to—he's on the list for something we called Life of the Mind Seminar at Catherine Project, which is our introduction to the life of the mind.OLIVER: And just to tell people, the Catherine Project—this is not a university. Anyone can join a seminar.HITZ: That's right. It's an open online readers community. Consists of small, high-quality conversations, mostly on Zoom, some in person.OLIVER: You could be some kid, an accountant, a dentist, whatever, and you come and do a—you've got a PhD running a seminar, and you get that experience.HITZ: Right. Some of them are peer led, so they're not necessarily PhDs running them. The reading groups are not necessarily run by PhDs. But the core program in which the Life of the Mind Seminar is—either a PhD or an ABD [all but degree] or someone with some academic experience is usually leading that. We have it there, and we have it there with a set of books that are meant to disorient rather than to orient.So one of the difficulties with reading great books with more or less random selections of adults is that people feel uncertain, out of place. And they bring expertise, real or fake, to the table, which makes it very difficult to have a conversation. It's usually fake expertise, for what it's worth.OLIVER: Give us an example of what you mean by fake expertise.HITZ: Well, so someone will have—we'll be, say, reading Hamlet. Someone will have taken a class on Shakespeare in college, and they'll say, “Actually, we're asking this question. But what I learned, my professor told me, is that Hamlet actually symbolizes—he has an Oedipus complex and blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, and then this is what this means, and this is what that means.” And then your conversation's over, because you need to focus just on the text that's shared between the—OLIVER: It's not a crossword puzzle.HITZ: Exactly. It's not a crossword puzzle, and it's not something where—or the other—people often, again, they feel a bit on their back feet. So they'll google a bunch of stuff about the author, and they'll start tossing out random facts about the book or about the author, about the context. And again, you don't get really into the meat of the book that way.So, Gulliver's Travels is there to help us think about ways in which we might not be expert in things we're expert. Ways in which we might think we understand something and not understand it. And ways in which people who, with every appearance of seriousness and scientific principle, can just say unbelievably stupid things.So it's a very, very good book for that, where in that sense, it's I think very good for any liberal education program. It's liberating that way. One of the things we need to be liberated from is false expertise.OLIVER: You're talking really about these secondhand opinions that you haven't interrogated and come to understand yourself.HITZ: Exactly. Exactly, exactly, exactly.OLIVER: This is what Mill says. Everything is new to someone, and the real genius is that you find it out.HITZ: Exactly.OLIVER: You don't get taught it. Yes, yes.HITZ: Exactly, exactly. So real learning is things you find for yourself. Anyway, that's what I like it with. As for pairing it, yes, I think it would just depend on what you were—I don't have a clear thought about that. I think it'd be good to pair it with Galileo's Starry Messenger and preface to Hooke's Micrographia.But you could also pair it with Emma. Be quite good, actually, because Emma is also about someone who really doesn't know what they're doing and has no idea. Thinks they know what's going on; they really have no idea what's going on.OLIVER: Yes. Hamlet as well, in fact.HITZ: I guess so. Does he not know what's going on?OLIVER: Who's diverting now? [laughter] Well, there's an interesting question, isn't there, about whether Hamlet has legitimate doubts. So he says, “This ghost could be a demon. I should be careful. I don't know what I'm doing. I'm going to pretend to be mad. I'm going to find out.” Or whether he just doesn't want to see the truth in front of him, and he quote-unquote “delays” because of that. I don't know if you have a view.HITZ: I don't think he's deluded. I think the problem is something different, but I haven't thought enough about it recently to know what his volitional obstacle is. But I don't think he's deluded. I think he sees what's going on, but there's something about acting that doesn't work for him.OLIVER: An internal—HITZ: Something internal. Something internal. In a way, I find the play very hard. I don't know what, for instance, what does that obstacle have to do with Ophelia? What's going on with that? Anyway, he's very mysterious, but I don't—yes, that'd be my sense, is that he's not—OLIVER: Do you buy this idea that he's a nihilist?HITZ: No, although he's definitely faced with something like nihilism. He has to look at it. And of course, the play does end with everyone dead, [laughs] so it's not obvious that he's wrong.Sympathy for GulliverOLIVER: This question hangs over Gulliver as well. Is the problem by the end that he's basically become a nihilist? His response to the Yahoos is to deny meaning, deny the possibility of meaning, to shut himself away.HITZ: He is a true misanthrope. He hates human beings and refuses to interact with them and in that sense, in some way, removes himself from any further mistakes. In another way, the mistake that he's in is so massive that that hardly seems like a consolation. But yes, he's definitely stuck, and he's stuck in a place where who he is—because he's a human being. We have to remember that.So he's in a place of total self-hatred and the hatred of his neighbor, what you'd call from the Christian perspective a total loss of charity. Is that nihilist? I don't know, but it's definitely bad. It's not a good state to be in. Maybe I don't know what you mean by nihilism exactly.OLIVER: Are we supposed to disapprove of him at the end or sympathize with him?HITZ: Disapprove, I think.OLIVER: Yes? You don't feel sorry for him?HITZ: I do a bit.OLIVER: But not much.HITZ: Well, should I?OLIVER: I have come to believe—yes, this is what I've come to feel in subsequent readings, is that Gulliver, as you say, is very mistaken. He thinks he understands things that he does not understand. He has the sort of pretense of rationality, but he lacks any sort of meta rationality to see what his limits are.And he becomes, therefore—he doesn't advocate genocide, and he doesn't take any pleasure in using Yahoo skin, but he's just completely null to it. There's a sort of void there where human feeling ought to be. And it's tragic for him. It's a tragic ending that he is so isolated. And we can't sympathize with him, as it were, but we can feel sort of awful that he's shriveled into this state rather than judging or blame.I think one of the persistent themes of the book is, as I say, this kind of basic love of fellow creature, the Glumdalclitch or the sorrel. And if you take that from the book, you will wish you could bring Gulliver back.HITZ: Right. What you're saying reminds me that there is an interesting parallel in Plato's dialogues that I hadn't thought of before, Plato's Parmenides, which is perhaps the most difficult Plato's dialogue. So it's a conversation between young Socrates and the philosopher Parmenides. The first third of it is relatively clear, some arguments against what people think of as Plato's theory of forms.Then there's an extensive, insane dialectical process where various theses about the connection between being and oneness are both argued for and then refuted, and argued for and then refuted, pages and pages and pages and pages of it. So this seems to be—it's Parmenides and Zeno who are running Socrates through this ringer.And the person at the very beginning of the dialogue who they have to go find, to tell him the story of how Socrates met Parmenides, used to study philosophy. But now he just trains horses. [laughs] One of my teachers pointed this out to me, and I've never been able to get over it, that he spent this time doing philosophy, and he's like, “You know what? I'm going to work with horses for the rest of my life. If I never hear another human voice, that's fine with me.”So I think that is an interesting parallel. And I think it is not really that uncommon to see people who are totally disillusioned with relating to humans, who then relate to animals instead, like they devote themselves to animals.OLIVER: But on that reading, it might be a disillusionment with philosophical humanity. It might be philosophy that's killed Gulliver's human feeling.HITZ: That's right. Well, I think that's one possibility, one very strong possibility. That's why I think the Houyhnhnms come after the Laputans. Going to the furthest reaches of his intellectual interests just destroys his humanity.But it doesn't seem like exhaustion in the same way that whoever, I can't remember his name, the character who relates the Parmenides, where you just think he must be exhausted from having heard more than one conversation like this. [laughter] And just in the stable with the horses eating oats, I mean, it's just delightful. It's just so peaceful, you know?OLIVER: Bucolic, pastoral, yes.HITZ: Yes, exactly. Exactly. Maybe you're right that we should be more sympathetic to someone in that situation.OLIVER: Well, next time you read it, you can tell me if you change your mind.HITZ: All right. I will tell you if I change my mind.OLIVER: Very good. Zena Hitz, thank you very much.HITZ: Thank you very much, Henry Oliver. This is a public episode. 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A series of 16 influential political pamphlets published between 1776 and 1783 during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) titled The American Crisis, or simply The Crisis, by eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine — an Englishman living in the colonies who signed his essays anonymously as "Common Sense," the title of his earlier influential work. Each essay, bolstered the morale of the American colonists to fight hard for their independence, appealed to the English to support the colonist's cause, clarified the issues at stake, and denounced any type of negotiated peace. The essays were gathered into one volume in 1882, showcasing the iconic opening line: "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." The American Crisis by Thomas Paine at https://amzn.to/4dKKClU Common Sense by Thomas Paine (book) available at https://amzn.to/3MKX77b Writings of Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/3MCaFC2 Books about Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/4s3qxOg ENJOY Ad-Free content, Bonus episodes, and Extra materials when joining our growing community on https://patreon.com/markvinet SUPPORT this channel by purchasing any product on Amazon using this FREE entry LINK https://amzn.to/3POlrUD (Amazon gives us credit at NO extra charge to you). Mark Vinet's HISTORICAL JESUS podcast at https://parthenonpodcast.com/historical-jesus Mark's TIMELINE video channel: https://youtube.com/c/TIMELINE_MarkVinet Website: https://markvinet.com/podcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mark.vinet.9 X (twitter): https://twitter.com/MarkVinet_HNA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/denarynovels Mark's books: https://amzn.to/3k8qrGM Audio credits: The American Crisis by Thomas Paine (a LibriVox production read by volunteers and coordinated by Michele Fry, 2014). See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

America turns 250 this year, and the story of how it learned to make things starts in one stone building on the Blackstone River. In Part 1 of our three-part series on 250 years of American manufacturing, Scott Paul tours Old Slater Mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, with Park Ranger Allison Horrocks. They trace how Samuel Slater carried England's guarded textile technology to America in his head, how Moses Brown and William Almy financed the first successful water-powered cotton mill, why the Blackstone River Valley became the country's first industrial corridor, and the human cost — including child labor — behind the birth of the factory system.

On the Saturday May 30, 2026 edition of the Richard Crouse Show we meet Andrew Lownie, renowned royal biographer and literary agent. A Cambridge history graduate and President of the Union, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and founder of the Andrew Lownie Literary Agency, he’s known for his meticulously researched biographies that have reshaped our understanding of key 20th-century figures. His previous works include the acclaimed Stalin’s Englishman on Guy Burgess, The Mountbattens, and Traitor King on Edward VIII. His latest book, Entitled: The Rise and Fall of the House of York, is already being called one of the most explosive royal biographies in years. Today we’re talking about his latest book, “Entitled: The Rise and Fall of the House of York,” a book The Times called, “A catalyst for Andrew’s de-princing.” It is first joint biography of the Duke and Duchess of York, that’s Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor, formerly Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson, and the first full biography of either of them. Chronicling their lives in parallel, the picture that emerges is of a spoilt prince unable to connect and a duchess pushed by her insecurities into a desperate need to maintain the attention her ‘royal’ status brought. Rigorously researched and packed full of revelations, this is a royal biography Camilla Long, writing in the Sunday Times called, “a case for revolution.” Then, we meet Niagara-based wine, food, and travel expert Magdalena Kaiser. Daughter of the late Karl Kaiser (co-founder of Inniskillin Wines), she grew up immersed in Ontario’s wine scene—starting with tours and tastings as a teen and even helping bottle wine at age five. She serves as Director of Public Relations for Wine Country Ontario (formerly Ontario VQA), where she has spent the past 15+ years elevating the region’s international profile through media, trade, and export initiatives. Today we talk about her new book “Niagara Wine + Food: Signature Recipes from Ontario’s Iconic Terroir—A Cookbook” which highlights the region's terroir, varietals, and unique features, and profiles 44 of the region's best and most promising producers alongside 88 delectable wine-pairing recipes featuring iconic wine styles from the region.

On the Saturday May 30, 2026 edition of the Richard Crouse Show we meet Andrew Lownie, renowned royal biographer and literary agent. A Cambridge history graduate and President of the Union, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, and founder of the Andrew Lownie Literary Agency, he's known for his meticulously researched biographies that have reshaped our understanding of key 20th-century figures. His previous works include the acclaimed Stalin's Englishman on Guy Burgess, The Mountbattens, and Traitor King on Edward VIII. His latest book, Entitled: The Rise and Fall of the House of York, is already being called one of the most explosive royal biographies in years. Today we're talking about his latest book, “Entitled: The Rise and Fall of the House of York,” a book The Times called, “A catalyst for Andrew's de-princing.” It is first joint biography of the Duke and Duchess of York, that's Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor, formerly Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson, and the first full biography of either of them. Chronicling their lives in parallel, the picture that emerges is of a spoilt prince unable to connect and a duchess pushed by her insecurities into a desperate need to maintain the attention her ‘royal' status brought. Rigorously researched and packed full of revelations, this is a royal biography Camilla Long, writing in the Sunday Times called, “a case for revolution.” Then, we meet Niagara-based wine, food, and travel expert Magdalena Kaiser. Daughter of the late Karl Kaiser (co-founder of Inniskillin Wines), she grew up immersed in Ontario's wine scene—starting with tours and tastings as a teen and even helping bottle wine at age five. She serves as Director of Public Relations for Wine Country Ontario (formerly Ontario VQA), where she has spent the past 15+ years elevating the region's international profile through media, trade, and export initiatives. Today we talk about her new book “Niagara Wine + Food: Signature Recipes from Ontario's Iconic Terroir—A Cookbook” which highlights the region's terroir, varietals, and unique features, and profiles 44 of the region's best and most promising producers alongside 88 delectable wine-pairing recipes featuring iconic wine styles from the region.

Send us Fan MailThis week the boys break down the return of Aaron Rodgers to the Steelers for what he says will officially be his final NFL season. They also react to the Steelers being selected to play in the first-ever NFL Paris Game against the Saints and dive into another legendary batch of Pittsburgh Scanner calls — including a mysterious “Cocaine Van” rolling through Carrick, a man hiding from the rain while hookers repeatedly approach his car, and an elderly woman getting kicked out of Goodwill who decided to moon employees on her way out.Corndick of the Week gets ridiculous with a bank robber caught after allegedly using a third grader's homework as his robbery note, Walmart somehow shipping 165 pool noodles in 165 separate boxes, and an Englishman claiming he became the first person to pull a police car with his dong while on fire. The guy, not his johnson.. Brother in Arms features the launch of the controversial Enhanced Games where athletes openly use steroids while competing for million-dollar bonuses, plus a 98-year-old WWII veteran setting a world record by completing a wing walk for charity. Add in Gear Grinders and another brutal round of What Would Greenfield Do, and you've got one hell of an episode.Everything GFP:https://linktr.ee/gfpSpotify:https://open.spotify.com/show/7viuBywVXF4e52CHUgk1i5 Produced by Lane Media ⁠https://www.lanemediapgh.com/#greenfieldsfinest  #PittsburghPodcast #Steelers #AaronRodgers #NFLParisGame #PittsburghNews #PittsburghScanner #CorndickOfTheWeek #EnhancedGames #OddNews #BrotherInArms #PodcastClips #GearGrinders #WhatWouldGreenfieldDo #NFL

Lancashire CCC had their AGM last Sunday and by all accounts was a lively affair. With yet another SGM slated for 9.30am on Sunday 7th June, co-founder of the Lancashire Action Group Ian Lomax gives his take on events. Craig Tranter then offers his view on whether all the off-field activity is having an effect on the field. We hear from Surrey supporter David Wright, who expresses his concerns at falling attendances at the T20 Blast, notably the Middlesex v Surrey fixture at Lord's, which in the past was a 26k sell-out, but this weekend, barely 7,000 were in attendance. Finally, writer Tim Brooks has got a new book out - "The Englishman" - and very good it is too! He joined me for a curry and told me all about it.

A series of 16 influential political pamphlets published between 1776 and 1783 during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) titled The American Crisis, or simply The Crisis, by eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine — an Englishman living in the colonies who signed his essays anonymously as "Common Sense," the title of his earlier influential work. Each essay, bolstered the morale of the American colonists to fight hard for their independence, appealed to the English to support the colonist's cause, clarified the issues at stake, and denounced any type of negotiated peace. The essays were gathered into one volume in 1882, showcasing the iconic opening line: "These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman." The American Crisis by Thomas Paine at https://amzn.to/4dKKClU Common Sense by Thomas Paine (book) available at https://amzn.to/3MKX77b Writings of Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/3MCaFC2 Books about Thomas Paine available at https://amzn.to/4s3qxOg ENJOY Ad-Free content, Bonus episodes, and Extra materials when joining our growing community on https://patreon.com/markvinet SUPPORT this channel by purchasing any product on Amazon using this FREE entry LINK https://amzn.to/3POlrUD (Amazon gives us credit at NO extra charge to you). Mark Vinet's HISTORICAL JESUS podcast at https://parthenonpodcast.com/historical-jesus Mark's TIMELINE video channel: https://youtube.com/c/TIMELINE_MarkVinet Website: https://markvinet.com/podcast Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mark.vinet.9 X (twitter): https://twitter.com/MarkVinet_HNA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/denarynovels Mark's books: https://amzn.to/3k8qrGM Audio credits: The American Crisis by Thomas Paine (a LibriVox production read by volunteers and coordinated by Michele Fry, 2014). See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mike Bell and I discuss the life of Sydney Augustus Paget

Reading: Acts 2Speaker: Tommy Pratt This Week’s Thoughts It is with great solemnity that I must deliver this news. If you haven't yet heard it, I recommend that you find a chair and steel yourself before going further. Perhaps pop the kettle on too. God is not an Englishman. It's true, I'm afraid. As much ... Read more The post Pentecost Sunday 2026 first appeared on Minehead Baptist Church.

People have been asking if we're back, and we haven't been sure how to answer. But yeah, I'm thinking we're back. For now. Dillon and Sebastian make a triumphant return and review ‘Treehouse of Horror XXXV', an unfortunately lackluster Halloween special with one standout segment. We also cover the season 8 classic ‘Mountains of Madness', talk Hamnet, great bars in London and how Sebastian (an Englishman) got Dillon (an Irish man) in to Guinness. You read that correctly.

On this episode, I welcome two outstanding guests who know what it takes to compete, teach, and win at the very highest levels of the game. First up is our resident Director of Instruction, Tom Patri. We open up getting you some putting tips starting with the fundamentals like grip, set up, stance, ball position, and shaft lean. Staying with putting, we get into what's missing from Jordan Spieth's putting stroke that helped him rise to World No. 1. From there, Tom shares his thoughts on the PGA Championship, what we saw from Aaron Rai, and what we didn't see from Rory or Scottie. Then we transition to his stories of playing Shinnecock Hills, the site of this year's US Open, . Tom then weighs in on the current state of the PGA of America, what's gone wrong with their leadership in recent years, and a story about the time he met Tony Jacklin. Speaking of Tony Jacklin, he joins me next. Tony is a World Golf Hall of Famer, a 2 time major champion, and a four-time European Ryder Cup Captain. Tony reflects on Aaron Rai's win at the PGA, and Rai becoming the first Englishman to win the tournament in over a century. We then get into the details from his historic Open Championship victory, his 7 stroke victory in the US Open, captaining Europe to Ryder Cup success in the 1980s, and the unforgettable concession from Jack Nicklaus at the 1969 Ryder Cup that forever became known as “The Concession.” Tony shares incredible stories about competing against golf's greatest players, his thoughts on the state of the DP World Tour, his relationship with Nicklaus over the years, and the impact of fellow legends like Arnold Palmer and Seve Ballesteros on the game of golf. This episode is packed with golf history, PGA Tour insights, Ryder Cup memories, golf instruction, putting tips, mental game advice, and behind-the-scenes storytelling from two of the game's most respected voices. If you love hearing stories from golf legends, major championship history, Ryder Cup stories, PGA Tour commentary, and instruction that can help your game improve, this is an episode for you. Next on the Tee…where golf legends live and your game gets better. #NextOnTheTee #GolfPodcast #PGATour #GolfInstruction #GolfTips #GolfSwing #ShortGame #GolfLife #GolfNews #GolfLessons #Golfing #GolfAddict #GolfCoach #GolfTraining #GolfMentalGame #GolfHistory #RyderCup #TheOpen #OpenChampionship #MajorChampionshipGolf #GolfLegends #TomPatri #TonyJacklin #JackNicklaus #ArnoldPalmer #SeveBallesteros #JordanSpieth #DPWorldTour #GolfTalk #GolfChannel #GolfFans #GolfCommunity #GolfMedia #GolfInterview #SportsPodcast #BestGolfPodcast #ApplePodcasts #SpotifyPodcasts #GolfStories #GolfContent #GolfWorld #GolfDigest #Golfweek #InsideTheRopes #GolfersOfInstagram

Doug's going with Game 7 OT as the lede. Poor Buffalo. Doug's never seen Planes, Trains, & Automobiles. Breaking down Ps, Ts, & As. Does Papers have a job interview today? Get a touch up before going to the lake. Was that a premature whistle in Buffalo? Audio of Sean McDonough's game-winning call in OT. Lindy Ruff, handsome guy. Colorado geography. Ken happened on ATMA.Mixed reviews on the lede. The Tarps Off boys are gonna be back in Busch tonight. Forecast may cause some issues tonight. Do menthol cigs make for a raspier voice? CITY SC vs. Houston in the US Open Cup. That sounded like soccer word salad. Bring relegation to US sports. Bathing suit area. Burt Reynolds and Mark Summers.Nina Sky. Doug's Mt. Rushmore of singing entertainers. Wheelhouse. Rebrand it as Cuckold's? Jackson's flaunting his vocabulary. Jackson needs a life caddy. We can't figure out what Wheelhouse used to be. Chairman's getting frustrated.Happy birthday, Lainey Wilson. Jackson's Mt. Rushmore of female country artists. It's time to be recapped on wrestling with Larry Nickel. Tornado tag match. Top 5 Countries but it sounds like he's making it up on the fly. Doug has sleazy takes.Lassoing up some cattle. Starring John Dutton. Loneliest Girl. Audio of Lance Lynn on Cardinal Territory talking about the tarps off weekend and the start of seeing "a different type of atmosphere" at Busch Stadium. Mt. Rushmore of popular local stadium traditions. Tarps off > The Wave. Dan Janson is back. Dan went tarps off on Saturday and Sunday. Can you go tarps off with the son? Coulda been Jackson. Chicago is clamoring for Papers. Chairman still rattled from hanging up on The Colonel on Friday.Doug, is this Firestarter by Prodigy? Sittin' on a feather. Your Friends & Neighbors. Arnie from LA Law. We got Hamm cucked by The Courtney Show. Cardinals 8th in The Athletic's latest power rankings. Oli Marmol will be in studio with BK & Ferrario at 11:00. Was Arenado a problem in the clubhouse? Have a great day, crackers.Why'd you request this, Doug? Kicking around reincarnation. Simulation theory. Jack and Jill meatloaf. You needn't remind us. What's the point of anything? Would you rather get swept or lose a Game 7 at home? Who was the cute boy chewing on a towel? G'on, leave us be. Craig Berube interviewing with the Oilers. Where will all the Battlehawks P1 go? Is the reason Jackson is single because he likes the NBA?Look, Doug, it's Brody. Nothing better than being on The Morning After. Brody's excited about the Tarps Off Movement. This isn't your older brother's NL Central anymore. Don't have to face Skenes in this series. Mizzou and SLU getting together in November. Brody doesn't wanna be one and done in the tournament. James Harden Fever.Design Aire Heating & Cooling EMOTDDoug wants a little pick-me-up. Audio of A's pitcher J.T. Ginn losing a no-hitter and then two batters later, Zach Neto and the Angels walk it off. The Maddux. Now let's hear the Angels play-by-play call and see if that's any better. Possums loose in Angel Stadium. Do you wear a hat on a first date? What about to a ball game? Kiss cam logistics.Market Moves. Not good when the PIF pulls out of a venture. Salt the earth for a rival golf league. Aaron Rai was the first Englishman to win the PGA in 107 years. Radar not looking good for the Cardinals and the Doggies games tonight. No trunks allowed at Busch. Smoochin' in the Boys Room.And the winner of the Design Aire Heating & Cooling EMOTD is...See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

(00:00-11:06) Doug wants a little pick-me-up. Audio of A's pitcher J.T. Ginn losing a no-hitter and then two batters later, Zach Neto and the Angels walk it off. The Maddux. Now let's hear the Angels play-by-play call and see if that's any better. Possums loose in Angel Stadium. Do you wear a hat on a first date? What about to a ball game? Kiss cam logistics.(11:14-21:21) Market Moves. Not good when the PIF pulls out of a venture. Salt the earth for a rival golf league. Aaron Rai was the first Englishman to win the PGA in 107 years. Radar not looking good for the Cardinals and the Doggies games tonight. No trunks allowed at Busch. Smoochin' in the Boys Room.(21:31-23:08 And the winner of the Design Aire Heating & Cooling EMOTD is...See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Diddy said this about Fergie's daughter. Royal historian Andrew Lownie has 300 sources, a newly updated paperback, and claims that are still breaking in the press. In this episode, he reveals the full story of Sarah Ferguson's relationship with Sean "Diddy" Combs — a relationship she has publicly denied, but which Lownie says is supported by photographic evidence, corroborated sources, and fresh disclosures still to come. SPONSORS: Support our sponsor: go to https://boncharge.com  and use code HERETICS to save 15%. Go to https://boncharge.com  and use code HERETICS to save 15%. Go to https://surfshark.com/heretics for 4 extra months of Surfshark  Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code andrewgold at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/andrewgold   Check Plaud UK: https://bit.ly/40Gzdh1  | US: https://bit.ly/475MQKe Notepro: https://bit.ly/479tWSR Organise your life: https://akiflow.pro/Heretics  Earn up to 4 per cent on gold, paid in gold: https://www.monetary-metals.com/heretics/  Cut your wireless bill to 15 bucks a month at https://mintmobile.com/heretics  We go further than any newspaper has gone: the yacht parties, the seven-star hotels in Dubai, the boasts Diddy made to members of his own staff about Eugenie — and what Lownie believes connects Diddy, Epstein, Ghislaine Maxwell, Russian intelligence, and the royal family in a network that is only now beginning to unravel. | Go to https://boncharge.com and use code HERETICS to save 15%. Andrew Lownie is the author of Entitled: Andrew, Fergie and the Palace (updated paperback out 21st May). He has written acclaimed biographies of Mountbatten, Guy Burgess, and Stalin's Englishman. Jacob Rees-Mogg tried to shut him down on GB News. He kept talking. Andrew Lownie's podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/3OVgwx1MicEEInYkl1KIXI  Get the book here: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Entitled-Mountbatten-Windsor-Fergusons-bestselling-devastating/dp/0008775494/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0  This episode contains allegations about public figures. All claims are sourced and corroborated. Andrew Lownie stands by his reporting. #Diddy #SarahFerguson #RoyalFamily #AndrewLownie #Epstein #Heretics  Join the 30k heretics on my mailing list: https://andrewgoldheretics.com  Check out my new documentary channel: https://youtube.com/@andrewgoldinvestigates  Andrew on X: https://twitter.com/andrewgold_ok   Insta: https://www.instagram.com/andrewgold_ok Heretics YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@andrewgoldheretics Chapters:  0:00 — Fergie, Diddy, and the story nobody saw coming 1:04 — How Lownie got the tip and traced the sources 2:27 — The photographic evidence going back to 1998 5:57 — Friends with benefits: what the relationship actually was 6:52 — The Mail serialisation and Fergie's denial 9:09 — Subscribe — why this channel is a target 10:16 — The Epstein connection: Fergie's emails and the 2013/14 sightings 11:14 — Jacob Rees-Mogg tried to shut him down on GB News 12:47 — How did Fergie and Diddy actually meet? The Maxwell party theory 13:19 — Diddy, Epstein, Maxwell's father Robert Maxwell — the network 15:21 — Russian intelligence documents on Andrew and criminal gangs 16:22 — Chinese and Russian spies around Andrew and Fergie 18:05 — More disclosures coming: what journalists are now investigating 21:13 — The Queen told Fergie to divorce. Why. 21:49 — Eugenie, Beatrice, and what they were exposed to as children 23:13 — Diddy's boasts about Eugenie to members of staff 25:09 — Are the daughters now cutting Andrew loose? 27:25 — The royal family's free pass: accountability and moral authority 29:02 — Why Diddy's own former employees are speaking out 30:21 — Where is Fergie now? And what is coming next. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Golf's second major of the year has been won by an Englishman for the first time in more than a century. Correspondent Gethin Coolbaugh reports.

Aaron Rai just shocked the golf world — but was it really a shock?At the 2026 PGA Championship, a 290-1 long shot stepped onto one of the most crowded leaderboards in major championship history and did something most players never figure out: he turned down the volume. While Rory McIlroy chased history, Jon Rahm lurked, and a packed field jostled for position at Aronimink, Aaron Rai went quietly to work — and thundered to a three-shot victory, becoming the first Englishman to win the Wanamaker Trophy in over a century.This week, we break down the one skill separating the player who cracks under pressure from the one who cashes in on it: quieting the noise. From Rai's "quiet eye" putting technique to his iron covers rooted in a father's love, to his total indifference to what tour players are "supposed" to do — Rai's win is a masterclass in what happens when you Own Your SSWING so completely that the external chaos simply can't compete.Whether you're facing a packed leaderboard, a crowded market, or a moment that feels too big — this episode is your blueprint for finding stillness in the storm and turning it into something thunderous.Shop the new G'day Golfers hat

On today's show, Pat, Darius Butler, AJ Hawk and the boys chat about Aaron Rai's improbable victory at the PGA Championship, becoming the first Englishman to win the PGA Championship in over 100 years, plus they look ahead to tonight's Western Conference Finals game 1 between the Spurs and Thunder, game 7 of the Eastern Conference Semis between the Canadiens and Sabres, as well as everything else happening around the world of sports. They are also joined by several great guests including ESPN Senior NFL Insider, Adam Schefter; play-by-play announcer for the NBA on NBC and Sunday Night Football, Mike Tirico who is on the call for tonight's WCF game 1; Stanley Cup Champion, 18 year NHL veteran, and ESPN NHL analyst Erik Johnson to preview tonight's game 7 between the Canadiens and Sabres, and lastly, ESPN Senior NBA Insider, Shams Charania. Make sure to subscribe to youtube.com/thepatmcafeeshow or watch on ESPN (12-2 EDT), ESPN's Youtube (12-3 EDT), or ESPN+. We appreciate the hell out of all of you, we'll see you tomorrow. Cheers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Golf's second major of the year has been won by an Englishman for the first time in more than a century. Correspondent Gethin Coolbaugh reports.

The gang reacts to Aaron Rai's historic win at Aronimink. He became just the second Englishman ever to win the PGA Championship. Specials guests Gary Williams, Jaime Diaz, Lanny Wadkins, and Rich Lerner recap this electric weekend! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

"The world knows nothing will make an Englishman shit quicker than the sight of George Washington."70mm presents DANIEL MAY LEWIS with Steven Spielberg's LINCOLN. The puppet scene.. We also talk about Proto watching JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR, DOUBLE WHITE HAMILTON, and WESTWORLD, Danny watching DR STRANGELOVE and THE YAKUZA, slime being in a funk and watching WIDOW'S BAY. In the uncut portion of the episode available to Patrons we talked about RDJ going HARD on influencers.Chapters:(00:00:00) Introductions (00:05:30) What we watched(00:18:11) LINCOLN(01:17:56) Next weekSupport the 70mm Patreon to join our VHS Village Discord and access exclusive episodes in the 70mm Vault which includes over 70 movies! Signing up for the Patreon also get your own membership card, member-only discounts on merch, and the ability to vote on future episodes!Don't forget you can visit our website to shop our storefront to buy prints and merch, follow us on Letterboxd, email the show, and much more.70mm is a ⁠TAPEDECK⁠ podcast, along with our friends at ⁠BAT & SPIDER⁠,  ⁠The Letterboxd Show⁠, Austin Danger Pod, ⁠Escape Hatch⁠, ⁠Will Run For...⁠, ⁠Lost Light⁠, ⁠The Movie Mixtape⁠, and ⁠Twin Vipers⁠.(Gone but not forgotten; ⁠Cinenauts⁠ + ⁠FILM HAGS⁠.) ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Actor Bill Nighy, joins Brendan to discuss his fashion sense, his anxiety and the tension between his Irish heritage and his persona as ‘the quintessential Englishman'. Nighy also tells Brendan about playing an Irish grandfather in his latest film ‘500 Miles', much of which is shot and set in Dingle, Co Kerry.

He changed everything...without a clue on what can of worms he was going to open. Steven Spurrier, the architect of the Judgement of Paris, checked in with Wine Talks to tell his and it's story. He passed only weeks after. Stephen Spurrier was never just a spectator in the world of wine—he was the host who re-sorted the guest list, rewrote the rules, and decanted a whole new future for California and beyond. In this episode of Wine Talks, you'll hear firsthand how one Englishman's curiosity and courage upended centuries of French dominance and invited America to the table. Spurrier's journey, as recounted to Paul K, is laced with wit and candor: from his early days as an "independent younger brother" joining the London wine scene, to his adventurous leap to Paris where he found not only love, but the seeds of a movement that would blossom into the historic Judgment of Paris. Each anecdote bubbles over with the energy of a man unafraid to say "why not?" and willing to challenge everything for the sheer joy of discovery. A glass in hand, you'll travel alongside Spurrier as he navigates the peculiarities and prejudices of Parisian wine culture, reinvents himself as a merchant and educator, and eventually pulls off a tasting so legendary that its aftershocks are still felt today. Revelations abound—not just about the logistics and emotions behind May 24, 1976, but about the characters, the stakes, and the unintended consequences for both the icons of Bordeaux and the upstart producers of Napa Valley. As the story unfolds, you'll hear how a spirit of risk, trust in communication, and a belief in honest storytelling led to a blind tasting that didn't just surprise critics, but also rebalanced the global map of wine quality and perception. But this episode uncorks far more than history—it invites you into the ongoing debate about wine's future. With Spurrier's trademark blend of reverence and irreverence, you'll learn why wine, at its best, is more about friendship, education, and shared narrative than points, packaging, or trends. Whether you're a cork purist, a screwcap convert, or an adventurer intrigued by ancient vineyards in Armenia, Spurrier reminds us that wine's deepest magic is—and will always be—in the stories we sip and share together. Here are five things you'll discover with a swirl of your glass:

Ep 291 is loose and we have a rogue and swindler on our hands in the form of John Reginald Birchall!Who was this carefree Englishman? How did he get involved in Canadian farming? And was his wife ANY good on stage?The secret ingredient is...a farm!Get cocktails, poisoning stories and historical true crime tales every week by following and subscribing to The Poisoners' Cabinet wherever you get your podcasts. Find us and our cocktails at www.thepoisonerscabinet.com Join us Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thepoisonerscabinet Find us on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thepoisonerscabinet Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thepoisonerscabinet/ Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ThePoisonersCabinet Listen on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThePoisonersCabinet Sources this week include:Killers Cavalcade: A Collection of historical British murders.www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3623764/Murder-in-the-marshesarchives.oxfordcounty.ca/media/44upwxod/student-resource-the-historical-trial-of-reginald-birchall.pdfwww.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/6562577.detective-lied-improve-image/murderpedia.org/male.B/b/birchall-reginald.htm Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

John Lawson knew the Tuscarora better than almost any Englishman alive. He ate at their tables, learned their names, wrote the book that advertised their land to English settlers — and then paddled up the Neuse River to scout the next wave of encroachment. The Tuscarora stopped his canoe. They put him on trial. He lost his temper. That was the last mistake he ever made. Today on JoCoYo — the Tuscarora War, and the man who saw it coming and helped cause it anyway.

Sir Francis Drake is most famous for his role in defeating the Armada of 1588 and saving England from a Spanish invasion. By that point in his life, he was already a wealthy and famous seafarer: the first Englishman to sail around the world, knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in recognition of this astounding feat. But though he is remembered in England as a naval hero, Drake spent most of his maritime career as a pirate, feared by the Spanish whose colonies and ships he terrorised. To them, he was ‘El Draque' – the dragon – with a bounty placed on his head by King Philip II of Spain himself.   So who was the real Francis Drake – avaricious pirate, or patriotic naval commander? How did a boy from an agricultural Devonshire family discover fame and fortune on the high seas? And to what extent is his heroic reputation overshadowed by his darker deeds? This is a Short History Of Sir Francis Drake. A Noiser podcast production. Hosted by John Hopkins. With thanks to Hannah Cusworth, curator of the Atlantic at Royal Museums Greenwich. Written by Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow | Produced by Kate Simants | Production Assistant: Chris McDonald | Exec produced by Katrina Hughes | Sound supervisor: Tom Pink | Sound design by Oliver Sanders | Assembly edit by Anisha Deva | Compositions by Oliver Baines, Dorry Macaulay, Tom Pink | Mix & mastering: Cody Reynolds-Shaw | Fact Check: Sean Coleman Unlock the next two episodes of Short History Of… right now by subscribing to Noiser+. You'll also get ad-free listening and early access to shows across the Noiser podcast network, including Real Survival Stories and Sherlock Holmes Short Stories. Just click the subscription banner at the top of the feed, or head to www.noiser.com/subscriptions to get started. ⁠A Short History of Ancient Rome⁠ - the debut book from the Noiser Network is out now! Discover the epic rise and fall of Rome like never before. Pick up your copy now at your local bookstore or visit ⁠⁠noiser.com/books⁠⁠ to learn more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This episode explores the harrowing story of underground resistance against Nazi occupation in Czechoslovakia, seen through gripping audio drama dialogue. It highlights the courage of ordinary people risking everything for freedom and the brutal tactics of oppressors. Discover the psychological battles, strategic escapes, and sacrifices made during this dark chapter in history.The brutal—weapons of war are nothing compared to the violence of mind and spirit in occupied Czechoslovakia. This episode unpacks a harrowing underground resistance story set against Nazi brutality, revealing how courage and cunning can defy even the most ruthless oppressors. If you think you've heard everything about WWII's darkest moments, think again. This is about the secret fights most will never see, the sacrifices they cost, and the minds daring to survive in the face of near-certain death.You'll discover how Martin Gates, an Englishman entangled in the resistance, navigates deadly traps and Nazi treachery, risking everything for freedom. We break down the chilling tactics used by Colonel Schroeder to crush the underground—think executions, false deaths, and psychological warfare. Plus, get insights into the twisted mindsets of both the oppressors and the fighters who refuse to give in.Key topics include: the underground's precarious hideouts and the clever tactics for evading Nazi dog hunts; the psychological toll of living under constant threat; the deadly game of deception with fake executions; and the power of unshakable resolve emblematic of resistance fighters risking all for liberty. You'll understand how these stories aren't just history—they're lessons in resilience and the capacity of humanity to fight back even when all seems lost.Failing to learn these lessons means missing the chance to see the true cost of tyranny and the unstoppable human spirit fighting to break free. This episode is perfect for history buffs, resilience seekers, or anyone intrigued by stories of moral courage in the face of evil. It leaves you with a renewed appreciation for the unseen battles—and the heroes—who shape our future from the shadows.

Andy, Brendan!, and Kevin Van Valkenburg check in from Scotland, recording this episode from separate bedrooms in the same house overseas. Andy declares a "Victory Monday" despite not publicly submitting his "pick" of Matthew Fitzpatrick to win the RBC Heritage on Wednesday's episode. Constable Fitzy took down Sheriff Scottie Scheffler at Harbour Town after one playoff hole, securing his second win of the 2026 season. The three discuss Fitzpatrick's ascent to the top five of the OWGR after being outside of the top 70 at this time last year and how working with Mark Blackburn could be a perfect personality match for the Englishman. The crowd in Hilton Head broke out USA chants down the stretch on Sunday, leading to Jim Nantz dropping the word "jingoistic" on the CBS broadcast. Brendan also points out two other stories from the week in an ill-timed club toss from Max Homa and another disappointing showing from Tony Finau. Attention then shifts to a busy week at LIV Mexico City, where Jon Rahm won again and Bryson DeChambeau withdrew with a wrist injury after complaining about course conditions earlier in the week. What does this latest Rahm win mean? Will LIV actually be back in Mexico City next year? Will Scott O'Neil find funding to keep the league alive moving forward? All of these questions are discussed at length after Brendan, Andy, and Kevin missed out on Friday's newsworthy episode about PIF pulling funding from the league. PJ chimes in to recap a dominant win from Stew Cink at the Senior PGA Championship before this episode wraps with a smorgasbord of random news items from around the golf world. We've teamed up with Shady Rays to bring you an exclusive offer. Head to shadyrays.com and use code: SHOTGUN for 40% OFF 2+ pairs of polarized sunglasses. Try for yourself the shades rated 5 stars by over 300,000 people. Visit your local Golf Galaxy and download the Golf Galaxy mobile app today.

We had the pleasure of interviewing Writer-Director Taratoa Stappard about Mārama, his first feature film, which premiered at TIFF, where we first saw it. Mārama is a Māori gothic horror set in Victorian England in 1859, about a young Māori woman who is summoned from New Zealand to North Yorkshire, where she uncovers the horrific truth of her colonial heritage, and she must destroy the titled Englishman who has devastated her family. Today's conversation dived into the inspiration for Mārama and how its themes of colonization, cultural theft, and reclaimation are told through a Māori lens. We also discussed how important it was to weave cultural safety through every part of the making of Mārama - from development through to daily on-set practice and how to preserve your mental health when working on films with sensitive subject matters. CONTENT WARNING: trauma, death, suicide READ TRANSCRIPT HERE: https://braaainspodcast.com/s/Braaains-Podcast-EP080-transcript_-Marama_-Maori-gothic-horror-and-the-trauma-of-colonialization-and-tda3.pdf Contact us: BraaainsPodcast.com Follow: @BraaainsPodcast Music: @_Deppisch_ Support this show: Patreon.com/BraaainsPodcast

How did England's earliest travellers to India try to win favour in a Mughal golden age that scarcely noticed them?Professor Suzannah Lipscomb speaks with Dr Lubaaba Al-Azami about Tudor and early Stuart England's turn to global trade after Elizabeth I's break with Catholic Europe, and why Mughal India—vast, wealthy, and pragmatically governed—had little need for English wool or broadcloth.They trace the first arrivals: from a Catholic refugee to an Englishman's Mughal courtly success and marriage, as well as the first English 'walking tourist'.MOREEngland's First Ambassador to India: Thomas RoeListen on AppleListen on SpotifyThe Emperor Who Built the Taj MahalListen on AppleListen on SpotifyPresented by Professor Suzannah Lipscomb. The researcher is Max Wintle, audio editor is Amy Haddow and the producer is Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic Sounds.Not Just the Tudors is a History Hit podcastSign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.  Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Sunday's big IPL clash between Mumbai Indians and Royal Challengers Bangalore, featiring some of the biggest names in Indian cricket - notably Virat Kohli, Rohit Sharma, Hardik Pandya and Jasprit Bumrah was instead dominated by an Englishman, Phil Salt, who walloped 78 off 36 balls in an opening stand of 120 with Kohli. RCB captain Rajat Patidar continued his outstanding tournament with a blistering fifty, and 240 was too much for Mumbai Indians. Simon Hughes and Simon Mann review another run spree at the batting friendly Wankhede Stadum. #cricket #ipl Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

1. Molly Beer introduces Angelica Schuyler, born into a prominent Dutch family in Albany. Her mother, Catherine, designed and supervised the construction of their mansion, "the Pastures," while Philip Schuyler was away on business. Unusually for the 1760s, Philip educated his daughters to be business-savvy and "fully functioning" in society. Angelica eventually transitioned from her Dutch upbringing to an English identity after visiting New York. She shocked her family by eloping with John Carter, a sophisticated Englishman. Her father strategically used her wedding as a "smoke screen" for tactical maneuvers during the Revolution. (1)1776 NEW YORK

A buzzer-beater helps Purdue stay dancing in the NCAA Tournament, Iowa, Illinois and Arizona also punch tickets to Elite Eight, the World Series champs open the season with a bang on MLB's Opening Day, a Cy Young winner gets roughed up in his season debut and an Englishman has the lead in golf's Houston Open. Correspondent Gethin Coolbaugh reports.

Robyn Hitchcock, along with Emma Swift, joins us at eTown this week to provide a glimpse into the mind of an eccentric "professional Englishman" that now lives in Nashville. Also joining us is heartfelt singer-songwriter Taylor Ashton, a Canadian transplant whose songs stir all the feels. Nick also has a conversation with Colorado Attorney General Phil Weiser. That's all this week on eTown!   Visit our Youtube Channel to see artist interviews, live recordings, studio sessions, and more! Be a part of the audience at our next recording: https://www.etown.org/etown-hall/all-events/ Your support helps us bring concerts, tapings and conversations to audiences while fostering connection through music, ideas and community. If you'd like to support eTown's mission to educate, entertain and inspire a diverse audience through music and conversation, please consider a donation: https://www.etown.org/get-involved/donate-orig/.

Episode 411: In February 1890, the body of 24-year-old Englishman Frederick Cornwallis Benwell was found in a shallow grave near Lundy's Lane, just outside Niagara Falls, Ontario. Benwell had travelled to Canada after corresponding with John Reginald Birchall, aka Lord Frederick A. Somerset, a fellow Englishman who advertised opportunities for young men seeking work and advancement overseas. Within days of Benwell's disappearance, suspicion fell on Birchall, who was arrested in Buffalo, New York, and returned to Canada to stand trial. What followed was one of the most closely watched murder cases in late 19th-century Ontario. Sources: The Swamp of death, or, The Benwell murder by Oliver Wendell Holmes | Canadiana.caCatalog Record: The Swamp of death, or, The Benwell murder | HathiTrust Digital LibraryNewspapers.com | Search: John Reginald Birchallhttps://www.themeister.co.uk/birchall/birchall_reginald.pdfBIRCHALL, REGINALD (Lord Frederick A. Somerset) – Dictionary of Canadian BiographyFrederick Cornwallis Benwell (1865-1890) - Find a...John Reginald Birchall (1866-1890)Murder as a Fine Art by Alan BlythewayThe Trial of Reginald BirchallJohn Reginald Birchall | The Canadian Encyclopedia Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

James and Sean discuss the 2011 film War Horse, in which a young Englishman struggles to be reunited with his beloved horse, who has been sent to the Western Front and has experienced several trying experiences there.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

TEA TIME, 9min., USA Directed by B.T. Goldman A detective interrogates a strange elderly Englishman about a missing person in his neighborhood. https://www.instagram.com/cybereggproductions/ https://www.instagram.com/b.t.goldman/ ——- Hannah Ehman chats with actor David Goldman on the making of the award-winning film. Follow Interviewer Hannah Ehman on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ehmanhannah/ Watch Hannah's commercial spots: https://www.ispot.tv/topic/actor-actress/bP8/hannah-ehman —- Subscribe to the podcast: https://twitter.com/wildsoundpod https://www.instagram.com/wildsoundpod/ https://www.facebook.com/wildsoundpod

England is notorious for its bad weather but at least an Englishman can shelter from the rain in his home/castle. Except in North Aston, where an unlucky bunch of Englishmen and Englishwomen (and one Englishdog) got caught in a shower indoors. And it was a shower of rocks! (Twist!) Taken from actual friend of the show Mike White's The Ox-Files. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠See Alasdair On Tour in 2026!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Edited by ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Laurence Hisee⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Join the LoreFolk at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon.com/loremenpod⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ko-fi.com/loremen⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Check the sweet, sweet merch here... ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.teepublic.com/stores/loremen-podcast?ref_id=24631⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ @loremenpod ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠youtube.com/loremenpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.instagram.com/loremenpod⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.facebook.com/loremenpod⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jo, Rob, and Jodi try to untangle the chaos of the highly charged Season 4 finale of ‘Industry.' Intro (0:00) Honest reactions to the finale (:48) Yas's point of no return (5:47) Did the show cross the line with Yas? (8:45) Breaking down “Both, And” (12:29) Is Yas actually holding the power? (16:20) The jet scene breakdown (20:14) Is Whitney coming back? (22:03) Yas and Henry's divorce speech dissected (25:27) Lord Mostyn and Henry at lunch (27:38) Henry's Englishman act (31:25) The Eric of it all (38:09) The voicemail (42:04) Who was that dinner really for? (47:14) Season 5: Expectations vs. desires (52:52) Outro (1:00:58) Email us! prestigetv@spotify.comFollow us on IG and TikTok!Subscribe to the Ringer TV YouTube channel here for full episodes of The Prestige TV Podcast and so much more! Hosts: Joanna Robinson and Rob Mahoney Guest: Jodi Walker Producer: Devon Renaldo Additional Production Support: Justin Sayles Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Triforce Mailbag Special 69! Nice. We're falling into classic subscription traps, questioning the thin ice of doing accents (and offensive comedians) and we're taking a wildly unbalanced test on English knowledge! Support your favourite podcast on Patreon: https://bit.ly/2SMnzk6 Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

A Scottish ferryman refused to take travelers across the water after dark — and the ones who stayed the night were never seen again. | #WDRadio WEEK OF FEBRUARY 22, 2026==========HOUR ONE: A 178-year-old mystery comes to the surface in a Philadelphia suburb. (Grandfather's Ghost Story Leads to Mass Grave) *** Recently a wrecking crew began tearing down and old building in Rhode Island. But the big burly men on the crew got so frightened they refused to continue the work. Does reconstruction of a home or building anger the souls who once lived there? (Does Remodeling Your Home Disturb The Spirits Who Died There?) *** The way life has grown on our planet requires that all living things feed off each other and must kill others in order to survive.  That's the way of the world if you want to live for any more than a few days. But some people are now claiming they can live without food at all… indefinitely. (Life Without Food) *** Three men were in a shed selling gardening supplies when some strange powder suddenly hit the ceiling. Before they had time to react, a small jug on a shelf abruptly flew across the room. One man picked up the jug and placed it a covered box. Instantly, the jug was...somehow...back on the floor. And that was just the beginning of the strange haunting of a community's garden shed. (The Poltergeist In The Allotment Shed) *** In the movie Salt, Angelina Jolie plays a double-agent who is mind-controlled by scary remnants of the USSR secret service. And in real life, the 1940s bombshell Candy Jones was apparently brainwashed with drugs and used as a CIA covert operative.  (The Supermodel Who Was Brainwashed Into Becoming a Spy) *** No one knows exactly when she was born. Some think, maybe, she was a gypsy. Others say she was the seventh daughter of a seventh daughter. The life of Elizabeth Barnes is a mysterious one, filled with many loves, losses, and prognostications. (The Witch of Plum Hollow) *** Some travelers, arriving late at night to board Oliver's Ferry the next day, stayed at Oliver's house. But they were never seen making the ferry crossing the next morning. Is it possible that the rumors are true – that they never left the house alive? (The Frights of Oliver's Ferry)==========HOUR TWO: An eerie tombstone stands watch over one of Portland Oregon's oldest cemeteries. And the story behind that tombstone is a strange one. (The Guardians of Lone Fir Cemetery) *** Don't take a gift from Little Gracie's grave... or her life-like statue might cry tears of blood. (The Ghost of Gracie Watson) *** When it came to her daughter's Elsa doll, one mom was eager and ready to “Let It Go”. But the doll supernaturally refused to be let go! (Haunted Elsa Doll) *** An ancient stone cross is said by locals to be cursed, and the curse infects anyone who dares to disrespect it. (Curse of the Saxon Stone Cross) *** Christopher Slaughterford was seemingly a completely ordinary young Englishman – but he has earned an unenviable place in the legal books. (T
he Trials of Christopher Slaughterford) *** Two authors reported a very strange encounter with a mysterious entity they believed was not of this world. What did they see and why were they under the impression this being was not of this world? (An Author's Encounter With A Not-Of-This-World Entity)==========SUDDEN DEATH OVERTIME: For Allen Taylor, January 15, 1919 was just another day on his farm near Prescott, Iowa. That is, until his 15-year-old neighbor Irene Hoskins came stumbling down the lane with a gash in the side of her head.  (The Hoskins Family Murders) *** How did someone get the job of an executioner in medieval times? We'll find out! (To Become An Executioner) ==========SOURCES AND REFERENCES FROM TONIGHT'S SHOW:“Schoolhouse Demon Attack” from Paranormality Magazine“Grandfather's Ghost Story Leads to Mass Grave” by Meghan Rafferty for CNN: https://tinyurl.com/ravfceh“Does Remodeling Your Home Disturb The Spirits Who Died There?” by Kelly Roncace for NJ.com: https://tinyurl.com/sn7vpsg“Life Without Food” by Michael Grosso for Consciousness Abound: https://tinyurl.com/r38yxh6“The Poltergeist In The Allotment Shed” from Strange Company: https://tinyurl.com/vzlgcj9“The Supermodel Who Was Brainwashed Into Becoming a Spy” by Annalee Newitz for Gizmodo: https://tinyurl.com/sgh73da“The Witch of Plum Hollow” by James Morgan for North Country Public Radio: https://tinyurl.com/u3x3sxu“The Frights of Oliver's Ferry” by Ken Watson for Rideau-Info: https://tinyurl.com/vj96awj==========(Over time links seen above may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for material I use whenever possible. If I have overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it immediately. Some links may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)=========="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46==========WeirdDarkness®, WeirdDarkness© 2026==========To become a Weird Darkness Radio Show affiliate, contact Radio America at affiliates@radioamerica.com, or call 800-807-4703 (press 2 or dial ext 250).

Let me start today's episode with some outrageous national stereotypes. If an Englishman is disappointed with the way the affairs of state are conducted, he writes a letter to his member of Parliament. A Frenchman in that same situation rents a tractor and dumps manure outside the Palais d'Elysee. A German threatens to file a lawsuit with the constitutional court, the Bundesverfassungsgericht.Where did the Germans pick up the belief that courts and the law will protect them against government overreach? Sure, 19th and early 20th century judges had on occasion stood up to the Kaiser's administration and the Grundgesetz, the liberal constitution of 1949, had become a cornerstone of our national identity following the comprehensive loss of moral standing.But there is also a long strain that goes back to the Holy Roman Empire and the two imperial courts, the Reichskammergericht and the Reichshofrat. These courts have a bad reputation, not only because Johan Wolfgang von Goethe saw it fit to ridicule his former place of work. However, not everyone shared this negative perspective. Many social groups down to mere commoners relied on these independent judges to protect their life and property against rapacious princes.The music for the show is Flute Sonata in E-flat major, H.545 by Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach (or some claim it as BWV 1031 Johann Sebastian Bach) performed and arranged by Michel Rondeau under Common Creative Licence 3.0.As always:Homepage with maps, photos, transcripts and blog: www.historyofthegermans.comIf you wish to support the show go to: Support • History of the Germans PodcastFacebook: @HOTGPod Threads: @history_of_the_germans_podcastBluesky: @hotgpod.bsky.socialInstagram: history_of_the_germansTwitter: @germanshistoryTo make it easier for you to share the podcast, I have created separate playlists for some of the seasons that are set up as individual podcasts. they have the exact same episodes as in the History of the Germans, but they may be a helpful device for those who want to concentrate on only one season. So far I have:The OttoniansSalian Emperors and Investiture ControversyFredrick Barbarossa and Early HohenstaufenFrederick II Stupor MundiSaxony and Eastward ExpansionThe Hanseatic League