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Want to support the podcast? Join our Patreon or buy us a coffee. As an independent podcast, Shakespeare Anyone? is supported by listeners like you. In today's episode, we are exploring how Shakespeare depicts Julius Caesar's "falling sickness," commonly believed by historians and scholars to be epilepsy. First, we'll discuss how the play Julius Caesar can be read as a disability narrative and how it reflects early modern anxieties around invisible disabilities like epilepsy.  Then, we will look at how Shakespeare depicts falling sickness or epilepsy across the canon and determine whether or not the depictions are as accurate as they are often celebrated to be. Finally, we will share an alternative diagnosis for Caesar's symptoms based on what is known of historical Caesar's medical history.  Content Warning: Emetophobia, brief discussion of eating disorders Shakespeare Anyone? is created and produced by Kourtney Smith and Elyse Sharp. Music is "Neverending Minute" by Sounds Like Sander. For updates: Join our email list Follow us on Instagram at @shakespeareanyonepod Visit our website at shakespeareanyone.com Support the podcast: Become a patron at patreon.com/shakespeareanyone  Buy us a coffee Bookshop.org: Since 2020, Bookshop.org has raised more than $38 million for independent bookstores. Shop our Shakespeare Anyone? storefront to find books featured on the podcast, books by our guests, and other Shakespeare-related books and gifts. Every purchase on the site financially supports independent bookstores. Libro.fm: Libro.fm makes it possible to purchase audiobooks through your local bookshop of choice. Use our link for 2 free audiobooks when you sign up for a new Libro.fm membership using our link. Find additional links mentioned in the episode in our Linktree. Works referenced: Breuer, Horst. "Bilder Der Epilepsie Bei Shakespeare / Representations of Epilepsy in Shakespeare." Medizinhistorisches Journal, vol. 37, no. 1, 2002, pp. 5–19. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25805304. Accessed 16 Feb. 2026. Hamlyn, Tim. "The Nature of Caesar's Illness." Latomus, vol. 73, no. 2, 2014, pp. 360–67. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24858427. Accessed 16 Feb. 2026. Hobgood, Allison. (2009). Caesar Hath the Falling Sickness: The Legibility of Early Modern Disability in Shakespearean Drama. Disability Studies Quarterly. 29. 10.18061/dsq.v29i4.993. 

In this week's episode of the Xtalks Life Science Podcast, host Ayesha Rashid, Senior Life Science Journalist at Xtalks, spoke with Andrea Wilkinson, Global Head of Patient Engagement & Advocacy, Epilepsy & Neuromuscular at UCB, a company dedicated to developing solutions for autoimmune and neurological conditions, including epilepsy. The company has a growing commitment to addressing unmet needs in rare neurological diseases and underserved patient populations. With fewer than 5% of clinical trials including pregnant women, major knowledge gaps persist, particularly for women with epilepsy. In this episode, we look at new research that used social media listening across several countries to uncover treatment fears, uncertainty and barriers women face during pregnancy and motherhood, and what must change to better support informed decision-making. While epilepsy is not considered a rare disease, epilepsy in pregnancy represents a small, clinically complex population that faces unique risks and persistent care gaps. Andrea is a biotech and health tech executive who has led strategic product launches for over 30 breakthrough biopharmaceutical therapies. Focused on improving outcomes for patients, particularly in rare diseases, she has worked with early- to late-stage launch teams at AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Takeda and Sanofi Pasteur. She develops platform tools, stakeholder roadmaps and patient-centered advocacy campaigns to support first-in-class medicines and address access, reimbursement, regulatory and commercial barriers. Andrea is also an angel investor with Pipeline Angels and serves on the boards of Project Open Hand and the HBA Pacific Region. She holds a BA from Louisiana Tech University. Tune in to learn more about the unmet needs, challenges and advancements in the rare disease and epilepsy spaces. For more life science and medical device content, visit the Xtalks Vitals homepage. https://xtalks.com/vitals/ Follow Us on Social Media Twitter: https://twitter.com/Xtalks Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/xtalks/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Xtalks.Webinars/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/xtalks-webconferences YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/XtalksWebinars/featured

Dr. Halley Alexander and Dr. Alissa M. D'Gama discuss genetic testing for infantile epilepsies.  Show citation:  Nguyen JNH, Lachgar-Ruiz M, Higginbotham EJ, et al. Diagnostic Yield of Comprehensive Reanalysis After Nondiagnostic Short-Read Genome Sequencing in Infants With Unexplained Epilepsy. Neurology. 2026;106(6):e214645. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214645  Show transcript:  Dr. Halley Alexander:  Hi, this is Halley Alexander with today's Neurology Minute, and I'm here with Dr. Alissa D'Gama from Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and we just finished recording a full-length podcast about some exciting new work in genetic testing for infantile onset epilepsies. Alissa, can you tell us what you found briefly and why it's important for neurology care? Dr. Alissa D'Gama:  Infantile epilepsies are relatively common, and they're associated with substantial burden of disease, and we know that identifying underlying genetic causes can impact clinical care. It's important for emerging precision therapies. But even after genome sequencing, which is the most comprehensive clinical genetic testing currently available, most infants remain genetically unsolved. And so what we did was take that genome sequencing data and reanalyze it for a cohort of infants who had unexplained non-acquired epilepsy and non-diagnostic genome sequencing, and in about 5% of cases, our reanalysis was able to identify a genetic diagnosis, and all of these diagnoses had impact on clinical care for their infants and their families. In some cases, we could incorporate new information, either new clinical information about the patient or new scientific methods or information about disease associations, and in other cases, we were able to incorporate new analysis methods to identify variants. And so our findings suggest that implementing reanalysis for infants or any individual with epilepsy within a year or two of non-diagnostic testing may be useful. Dr. Halley Alexander:  Thank you so much, and you can find a lot more details by listening to the full-length podcast, which is available now on the Neurology podcast, and you can find the full article in the March 10th issue of Neurology or online at neurology.org. As always, thanks for tuning in for today's Neurology Minute. 

In this episode, editor in chief Joseph E. Safdieh, MD, FAAN, highlights articles about EMG expertise, GLP-1s and epilepsy risk reduction, and combination therapy for recurrent IDH-mutant astrocytoma.

In this episode, editor in chief Joseph E. Safdieh, MD, FAAN, highlights articles about EMG expertise, GLP-1s and epilepsy risk reduction, and combination therapy for recurrent IDH-mutant astrocytoma.

Sunstone Health CEO Joshua Resnikoff joins Chris Lustrino to explain how Sunstone uses AI on healthcare claims data to proactively identify children with developmental delay—starting with epilepsy and autism—and help families reach the right specialists and diagnostics faster.They break down what claims data is, why the healthcare system is reactive by default, and how Sunstone's approach can compress what often takes years into roughly weeks by flagging high-need cases, coordinating advanced diagnostics, and delivering actionable next steps. Joshua also shares Sunstone's go-to-market strategy (positioned as an employer-paid benefit), why the pricing model is designed to reduce “point-solution bloat,” and how expansion could move across employers, TPAs, reinsurers, and large insurers. 00:00 Needle-in-a-haystack intro03:13 What Sunstone does (AI + claims data)05:32 Flagging patients vs. diagnosing07:21 Employer benefit + privacy model15:54 GTM + sales cycle reality17:57 Outcome-based pricing model20:16 Unit economics ($10k per case)22:11 Expansion paths + other diseases26:23 Fundraise use of proceeds28:03 Investor closing

Who should receive genetic testing in epilepsy, and how should results really be interpreted? Epileptologist and scientist Dr. Christian Bosselmann explores genome sequencing, diagnostic yield, variants of uncertain significance, and why results are rarely black and white. The discussion highlights how quickly things are changing in epilepsy genetics and how re-analysis and improved interpretation can meaningfully influence clinical decision-making. This episode is sponsored by EASEE® by Precisis GmbH, who had no influence over the editorial content or discussion. Learn more about EASEE® here: https://precisis.de/en  

To have Dr. Morse answer a question, visit: https://drmorses.tv/ask/ All of Dr. Morse's and his son's websites under one roof: https://handcrafted.health/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/handcrafted.health   00:00:00 - Intro 00:00:19 - Malabsorption 00:10:12 - Epilepsy - High Blood Pressure - Hemorrhoids - Tumor  00:29:41 - Renal Artery Stenosis 00:48:23 - Parkinson's Disease - Arthritis - Osteoporosis - Carpal Tunnel - Adrenal Fatigue - High Blood Pressure 01:10:45 - Acne - Molluscum Contagiosum 01:27:22 - Pain - Arthritis  00:00:19 - Malabsorption Should I plan to go on a longer than 3 month juice fast? 00:10:12 - Epilepsy - High Blood Pressure - Hemorrhoids - Tumor  I had epilepsy since childhood at 5 years of age. 00:29:41 - Renal Artery Stenosis I refused to take statins as I knew there was a reason for my high blood pressure. 00:48:23 - Parkinson's Disease - Arthritis - Osteoporosis - Carpal Tunnel - Adrenal Fatigue - High Blood Pressure I have muscle loss and I'm trying to gain weight.  01:10:45 - Acne - Molluscum Contagiosum My 3 1/2 year-old daughter has molluscum contagiosum and I would like to know what is best for her. 01:27:22 - Pain - Arthritis  Does my iris indicate inflammatory arthritis?

Dr. Halley Alexadner talks with Dr. Alissa M. D'Gama about genetic testing for infantile epilepsies.  Read the related article in Neurology®.  Disclosures can be found at Neurology.org. 

Join Jacob Moshokoa and Faith Xintolo as they break down the facts, challenge stigma, and show how you can take meaningful action this National Epilepsy Week. Take the pledge at www.epilepsy.org.za and support inclusion for all. Early Breakfast with Africa Melane is 702’s and CapeTalk’s early morning talk show. Experienced broadcaster Africa Melane brings you the early morning news, sports, business, and interviews politicians and analysts to help make sense of the world. He also enjoys chatting to guests in the lifestyle sphere and the Arts. All the interviews are podcasted for you to catch-up and listen.Thank you for listening to this podcast from Early Breakfast with Africa Melane For more about the show click https://buff.ly/XHry7eQ and find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/XJ10LBUListen live on weekdays between 04:00 and 06:00 (SA Time) to the Early Breakfast with Africa Melane broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3NSubscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk daily and weekly newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetcFollow us on social media:702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalkCapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join EEG legend Jay Gunkelman (500,000+ brain scans read) and host Pete Jansons for a thorough exploration of Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) — the calming, stabilizing brainwave discovered by Barry Sterman.From cats trained on SMR that resisted toxic rocket fuel seizures (NASA origins) to modern uses in ADHD, epilepsy, insomnia, fibromyalgia, and arousal regulation — this episode breaks down the science, circuits, and clinical realities.✅ Key Topics Covered:Barry Sterman's breakthrough: SMR-trained cats survived rocket fuel doses that caused vomiting, panting, salivating, and seizures in controls (ruined the dose-response curve)Brain circuitry: Thalamus (ventroposterior lateral nucleus) + reticular nucleus (acetylcholine bursts) → sensory-motor cortex feedback → red nucleus quieting → muscle spindle relaxationSMR as daytime "sleep spindle": Stabilizes red nucleus (Parkinsonism target), cuts sympathetic drive, deeper muscle relaxation, reduces sensory feedback to thalamusBenefits: Epilepsy stabilization, fibromyalgia (quiets sympathetic input to red nucleus), ADHD clusters (excess theta/alpha, beta compensation), arousal-performance curve centeringRisks: Overtraining SMR drops arousal too far → underarousal/grogginess/rebound giddiness (like kids pre-bedtime); counter with anterior beta (17Hz functional beta on tasks)Arousal-performance: SMR = brakes (calms overarousal); beta = accelerator (fixes underarousal); no fixed sessions (10 for mild insomnia, 24+ for severe)ADHD insights: Frontal suppressor strip → caudate/putamen/globus pallidus/thalamus loop (excess GABA inhibition); beta magnitude increases (more events, not amplitude)

What is that in the air? Could it be… love? HA! Bet you thought we'd say death! Today we recognize Valentine's Day by looking at the origins of Valentine's Day, including the grizzly execution of its namesake Saint Valentine. Sorry, we can't help ourselves, but we do what we love! We also take a look at the lost (and frankly much cooler sounding) Pagan version of the holiday known as Lupercalia with its ample displays of debauchery. Plus we take a gander at Valentine's Day mascot Cupid, that lovable cherub scamp that spreads love by shooting people with arrows; the epic poem that tied the concept of love with the death of a martyred saint; and how St. Valentine (amongst others) is the Patron Saint of Epilepsy. Love it or hate it, Valentine's Day is here, so snuggle up to that special someone, read them the entirety of Geoffrey Chaucer's “The Parliament of Fowls,” and most importantly, listen in, Land of the Living!Links for today's episode:Origins of Valentine's Dayhttps://www.history.com/articles/valentines-day-originLupercaliahttps://www.history.com/articles/lupercaliaWho is Cupid?https://www.history.com/articles/who-is-cupidTranslation of Geoffrey Chaucer's “The Parliament of Fowls”https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/English/Fowls.phpSt. Valentines and Others: The Patron Saints of Epilepsyhttps://www.epilepsy.org.uk/news/st-valentine-and-others-patron-saints-of-epilepsy#deathiseverything #DeathIsEverythingPodcast  #DIEwithMarianne #DIEwithMarianneandChris #DIEwithMCA #deathinpsiration #deathpodcast #LApodcast #takingchances #landoftheliving #ValentinesDay #StValentine #holidays #Lupercalia #cupid #loveThanks for listening, Land of the Living! Subscribe, and follow us on Instagram @die.podcast  for updates! Check out deathiseverything.com for merchandise, our mailing list, and more!

A driver has been treated in hospital after suffering a seizure at the wheel and crashing into a tree, before reportedly being dragged from his vehicle and attacked.Pictures at KentOnline show injuries suffered by Louie Watkins after it happened when he drove along New Barn Road towards Gravesend. Hear from reporter Brad Harper who has been covering the story.Also on today's podcast, a Kent MP's among those supporting the Prime Minister, as he insists he's not going anywhere.Sir Keir Starmer survived a difficult day yesterday after the Lord Mandelson scandal led to calls for his resignation. We have been speaking to East Thanet MP Polly Billington.A leading social media expert in Kent has told us it's essential young people are taught about AI and how to spot fake content online.Safer Internet Day this year is all about how to use the tech responsibly. Hear from consultant Zoe Cairns who is based in Medway.A Dartford dad has been left in intensive care for weeks after undergoing a routine tonsillectomy.Cardiff Dicdican had the procedure at Medway Maritime, but after several bleeding episodes during recovery he went to The Princess Royal University Hospital in Farnborough. Reporter Charlotte Phillips has been speaking to his wife Jessica.A new exhibition is opening at Rochester Cathedral today aiming to make us think about our human impact on the environment.Three giant whale sculptures have been created using recycled netting, and will be hanging from the nave.And, a village pub has re-opened following a £200,000 renovation.The Five Bells in Lower Halling has been closed for the past five weeks so work can be carried out. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In this week's episode of High on Home Grown, we're covering major busts, powerful medical stories, and some interesting shifts in policy and public opinion: Macky starts with a huge find from the BBC, where police discovered a £7.1 million cannabis operation inside a derelict high school. It's another example of the scale some underground grows are reaching, and the strange locations they're turning up in. He also shares the touching story of a young girl whose family says medical cannabis has transformed her life, highlighting once again the real human impact behind the ongoing fight for better access. John brings political developments from the US, where Wisconsin senators have approved a Republican-led medical marijuana bill, even as Democrats continue pushing for broader recreational legalization. It's a clear sign of how the conversation is evolving, even in more conservative states. We also look at an opinion piece explaining why many law enforcement officers are supporting Trump's rescheduling move, a shift that shows attitudes are changing even within traditional enforcement circles. And Smee rounds things off with new research showing daily opioid use dropped by 9 to 11 percentage points following recreational legalization, adding to the growing evidence that legal access may play a role in reducing reliance on more dangerous substances. Another packed episode full of real-world impact, changing attitudes, and stories that show how fast the landscape continues to shift.

Interview with Emanuele Cerulli Irelli, MD, PhD, author of Comparative Effectiveness of Brivaracetam, Cenobamate,Lacosamide, and Perampanel in Focal Epilepsy. Hosted by Cynthia E. Armand, MD. Related Content: Comparative Effectiveness of Brivaracetam, Cenobamate, Lacosamide, and Perampanel in Focal Epilepsy

Send comments and feedbackCelebrating International Epilepsy Day (Feb 9) with an episode of strength and hope! Jessie Nyirenda's seizures went undiagnosed for years. She was told she was misbehaving, possessed, and bewitched. She finally diagnosed herself after reading about epilepsy in a library. Taking anti-seizure medication and joining an epilepsy support group changed Jessie's life and made her realize she was no different from anyone else. Now a mother of three and a banking sector specialist, Jessie is active in epilepsy advocacy.IBE toolkit for reducing stigma in Africa Sharp Waves episodes are meant for informational purposes only, and not as clinical or medical advice.Let us know how we're doing: podcast@ilae.org.The International League Against Epilepsy is the world's preeminent association of health professionals and scientists, working toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy. Visit us on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.

Interview with Emanuele Cerulli Irelli, MD, PhD, author of Comparative Effectiveness of Brivaracetam, Cenobamate,Lacosamide, and Perampanel in Focal Epilepsy. Hosted by Cynthia E. Armand, MD. Related Content: Comparative Effectiveness of Brivaracetam, Cenobamate, Lacosamide, and Perampanel in Focal Epilepsy

Today (9th February) is International Epilepsy Day. With over 45,000 people living with epilepsy in Ireland, awareness and understanding of the condition has never been more important. On Monday's Morning Focus, Alan Morrissey was joined by Tommy Cassidy from Meelick, who has lived with epilepsy since childhood and Paddy McGeoghegan, Advocacy and Communications Manager with Epilepsy Ireland, who spoke about seizure first aid and how the public can be more epilepsy-aware. Photo (c) Fabián Montano via Canva

Epilepsy Ireland have released a new song to raise awareness of the condition, which affects an estimated 45,000 people in Ireland.  Twenty-eight-year-old Katie Cooke lives with epilepsy and told her story to Anton this morning.

Vuyiseka Xego from Epilepsy SA joins Wilné & Rochelle on #HFMBreakfast to chat about Epilepsy Day (9 February). This year Epilepsy South Africa is launching a bold new national campaign – Epilepsy Pledge: Epilepsy In Action – calling on all South Africans to take one meaningful step to support persons with epilepsy.

Comedian, actress, and podcaster Stanzi Potenza shares her experiences growing up and living with epilepsy while pursuing her dreams of a career in entertainment.

This episode is with my friend Sammi, she's a woman who not only has epilepsy, but has multiple diagnosis and health conditions. When we recorded this episode, she was in the hospital, and she still has a goal of soon to be released because she has been there for many years. For as much as she has gone through, she is an ultra positive and strong person, and she perseverance every day. She's one of those people when you meet them, you just say, how do you do it?    Follow her on TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@sammie.epilepsy.warrior?_r=1&_t=ZT-93ay80A5TTR

On today's podcast I chatted with Occupational Therapist, Nerella Chauvin who lives just outside Budapest in Hungary with her family. This busy career professional who was running her own successful practice turned 50 last summer and suddenly her life was turned upside down. She lay on the bed with a cup of coffee and started checking some emails - when she woke after what felt like a nap, she had a concerned audience at the foot of her bed. She had a seizure and had just come around. Tests diagnosed that not only did she have Epilepsy but she also had a condition called Organic Amnestic Syndrome, which causes memory loss. This occupational therapist who had specialised in helping people with epilepsy was now suddenly the patient who could no longer work or drive and the simplest of life tasks carried many practical risks. While the doctors are still experimenting with drugs to stabilise her condition Nerella has had to learn how to live again and she does this through a new lens; "Happiness is Waking up" she says. Your health is everything, and we need to appreciate it Enjoy the show     Podcast Production by Greg Canty Greg's blog Greg on Twitter  Greg on LinkedIn Email Greg with feedback or suggested guests: greg@fuzion.ie   

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are common, often misunderstood, and increasingly encountered in pediatric emergency care. These events closely resemble epileptic seizures but arise from abnormal brain network functioning rather than epileptiform activity. In this episode of PEM Currents, we review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of PNES in children and adolescents, with a practical focus on Emergency Department recognition, diagnostic strategy, and management. Particular emphasis is placed on seizure semiology, avoiding iatrogenic harm, communicating the diagnosis compassionately, and understanding how early identification and referral to cognitive behavioral therapy can dramatically improve long-term outcomes. Learning Objectives Identify key epidemiologic trends, risk factors, and semiological features that help differentiate psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from epileptic seizures in pediatric patients presenting to the Emergency Department. Apply an evidence-based Emergency Department approach to the evaluation and initial management of suspected PNES, including strategies to avoid unnecessary escalation of care and medication exposure. Demonstrate effective, patient- and family-centered communication techniques for explaining the diagnosis of PNES and facilitating timely referral to appropriate outpatient therapy. References Sawchuk T, Buchhalter J, Senft B. Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures in Children-Prospective Validation of a Clinical Care Pathway & Risk Factors for Treatment Outcome. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2020;105:106971. (PMID: 32126506) Fredwall M, Terry D, Enciso L, et al. Outcomes of Children and Adolescents 1 Year After Being Seen in a Multidisciplinary Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures Clinic. Epilepsia. 2021;62(10):2528-2538. (PMID: 34339046) Sawchuk T, Buchhalter J. Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures in Children - Psychological Presentation, Treatment, and Short-Term Outcomes. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2015;52(Pt A):49-56. (PMID: 26409129) Labudda K, Frauenheim M, Miller I, et al. Outcome of CBT-based Multimodal Psychotherapy in Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Prospective Naturalistic Study. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2020;106:107029. (PMID: 32213454) Transcript This transcript was generated using Descript automated transcription software and has been reviewed and edited for accuracy by the episode's author. Edits were limited to correcting names, titles, medical terminology, and transcription errors. The content reflects the original spoken audio and was not substantively altered. Welcome to PEM Currents: The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Podcast. As always, I'm your host, Brad Sobolewski, and today we are talking about psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, or PNES. Now, this is a diagnosis that often creates a lot of uncertainty in the Emergency Department. These episodes can be very scary for families and caregivers and schools. And if we mishandle the diagnosis, it can lead to unnecessary testing, medication exposure, ICU admissions, and long-term harm. This episode's gonna focus on how to recognize PNES in pediatric patients, how we make the diagnosis, what the evidence says about management and outcomes, and how what we do and what we say in the Emergency Department directly affects patients, families, and prognosis. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are paroxysmal events that resemble epileptic seizures but occur without epileptiform EEG activity. They're now best understood as a subtype of functional neurological symptom disorder, specifically functional or dissociative seizures. Historically, these events were commonly referred to as pseudo-seizures, and that term still comes up frequently in the ED, in documentation, and sometimes from families themselves. The problem is that pseudo implies false, fake, or voluntary, and that implication is incorrect and harmful. These episodes are real, involuntary, and distressing, even though they're not epileptic. Preferred terminology includes psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, or PNES, functional seizures, or dissociative seizures. And PNES is not a diagnosis of exclusion, and it does not require identification of psychological trauma or psychiatric disease. The diagnosis is based on positive clinical features, ideally supported by video-EEG, and management begins with clear, compassionate communication. The overall incidence of PNES shows a clear increase over time, particularly from the late 1990s through the mid-2010s. This probably reflects improved recognition and access to diagnostic services, though a true increase in occurrence can't be excluded. Comorbidity with epilepsy is really common and clinically important. Fourteen to forty-six percent of pediatric patients with PNES also have epilepsy, which frequently complicates diagnosis and contributes to diagnostic delay. Teenagers account for the highest proportion of patients with PNES, especially 15- to 19-year-olds. Surprisingly, kids under six are about one fourth of all cases, so it's not just teenagers. We often make the diagnosis of PNES in epilepsy monitoring units. So among children undergoing video-EEG, about 15 to 19 percent may ultimately be diagnosed with PNES. And paroxysmal non-epileptic events in tertiary epilepsy monitoring units account for about 15 percent of all monitored patients. Okay, but what is PNES? Well, it's best understood as a disorder of abnormal brain network functioning. It's not structural disease. The core mechanisms at play include altered attention and expectation, impaired integration of motor control and awareness, and dissociation during events. So the patients are not necessarily aware that this is happening. Psychological and psychosocial features are common but not required for diagnosis and may be less prevalent in pediatric populations as compared with adults. So PNES is a brain-based disorder. It's not conscious behavior, it's not malingering, and it's not under voluntary control. Children and adolescents with PNES have much higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities and psychosocial stressors compared to both healthy controls and children with epilepsy alone. Psychiatric disorders are present in about 40 percent of pediatric PNES patients, both before and after the diagnosis. Anxiety is seen in 58 percent, depression in 31 percent, and ADHD in 35 percent. Compared to kids with epilepsy, the risk of psychiatric disorders in PNES is nearly double. Compared to healthy controls, it is up to eight times higher. And there's a distinct somatopsychiatric profile that strongly predicts diagnosis of PNES. This includes multiple medical complaints, psychiatric symptoms, high anxiety sensitivity, and solitary emotional coping. This profile, if you've got all four of them, carries an odds ratio of 15 for PNES. Comorbid epilepsy occurs in 14 to 23 percent of pediatric PNES cases, and it's associated with intellectual disability and prolonged diagnostic delay. And finally, across all demographic strata, anxiety is the most consistent predictor of PNES. Making the diagnosis is really hard. It really depends on a careful history and detailed analysis of the events. There's no single feature that helps us make the diagnosis. So some of the features of the spells or events that have high specificity for PNES include long duration, so typically greater than three minutes, fluctuating or asynchronous limb movements, pelvic thrusting or side-to-side head movements, ictal eye closure, often with resisted eyelid opening, ictal crying or vocalization, recall of ictal events, and rare association with injury. Younger children often present with unresponsiveness. Adolescents more commonly demonstrate prominent motor symptoms. In pediatric cohorts, we most frequently see rhythmic motor activity in about 27 percent, and complex motor movements and dialeptic events in approximately 18 percent each. Features that argue against PNES include sustained cyanosis with hypoxia, true lateral tongue biting, stereotyped events that are identical each time, clear postictal confusion or lethargy, and obviously epileptic EEG changes during the events themselves. Now there are some additional historical and contextual clues that can help us make the diagnosis as well. If the events occur in the presence of others, if they occur during stressful situations, if there are psychosocial stressors or trauma history, a lack of response to antiepileptic drugs, or the absence of postictal confusion, this may suggest PNES. Lower socioeconomic status, Medicaid insurance, homelessness, and substance use are also associated with PNES risk. While some of these features increase suspicion, again, video-EEG remains the diagnostic gold standard. We do not have video-EEG in the ED. But during monitoring, typical events are ideally captured and epileptiform activity is not seen on the EEG recording. Video-EEG is not feasible for every single diagnosis. You can make a probable PNES diagnosis with a very accurate clinical history, a vivid description of the signs and appearance of the events, and reassuring interictal EEG findings. Normal labs and normal imaging do not make the diagnosis. Psychiatric comorbidities are not required. The diagnosis, again, rests on positive clinical features. If the patient can't be placed on video-EEG in a monitoring unit, and if they have an EEG in between events and it's normal, that can be supportive as well. So what if you have a patient with PNES in the Emergency Department? Step one, stabilize airway, breathing, circulation. Take care of the patient in front of you and keep them safe. Use seizure pads and precautions and keep them from falling off the bed or accidentally injuring themselves. A family member or another team member can help with this. Avoid reflexively escalating. If you are witnessing a PNES event in front of you, and if they're protecting their airway, oxygenating, and hemodynamically stable, avoid repeated benzodiazepines. Avoid intubating them unless clearly indicated, and avoid reflexively loading them with antiseizure medications such as levetiracetam or valproic acid. Take a focused history. You've gotta find out if they have a prior epilepsy diagnosis. Have they had EEGs before? What triggered today's event? Do they have a psychiatric history? Does the patient have school stressors or family conflict? And then is there any recent illness or injury? Only order labs and imaging when clinically indicated. EEG is not widely available in the Emergency Department. We definitely shouldn't say things like, “this isn't a real seizure,” or use outdated terms like pseudo-seizure. Don't say it's all psychological, and please do not imply that the patient is faking. If you see a patient and you think it's PNES, you're smart, you're probably right, but don't promise diagnostic certainty at first presentation. Remember, a sizable proportion of these patients actually do have epilepsy, and referring them to neurology and getting definitive testing can really help clarify the diagnosis. Communication errors, especially early on, worsen outcomes. One of the most difficult things is actually explaining what's going on to families and caregivers. So here's a suggestion. You could say something like: “What your child is experiencing looks like a seizure, but it's not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Instead, it's what we call a functional seizure, where the brain temporarily loses control of movement and awareness. These episodes are real and involuntary. The good news is that this condition is treatable, especially when we address it early.” The core treatment of PNES is CBT-based psychotherapy, or cognitive behavioral therapy. That's the standard of care. Typical treatment involves 12 to 14 sessions focused on identifying triggers, modifying maladaptive cognitions, and building coping strategies. Almost two thirds of patients achieve full remission with treatment. About a quarter achieve partial remission. Combined improvement rates reach up to 90 percent at 12 months. Additional issues that neurologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists often face include safe tapering of antiseizure medications when epilepsy has been excluded, treatment of comorbid anxiety or depression, coordinating care between neurology and mental health professionals, and providing education for schools on event management. Schools often witness these events and call prehospital professionals who want to keep patients safe. Benzodiazepines are sometimes given, exposing patients to additional risk. This requires health system-level and outpatient collaboration. Overall, early diagnosis and treatment of PNES is critical. Connection to counseling within one month of diagnosis is the strongest predictor of remission. PNES duration longer than 12 months before treatment significantly reduces the likelihood of remission. Video-EEG confirmation alone does not predict positive outcomes. Not every patient needs admission to a video-EEG unit. Quality of communication and speed of treatment, especially CBT-based therapy, matter the most. Overall, the prognosis for most patients with PNES is actually quite favorable. There are sustained reductions in events along with improvements in mental health comorbidities. Quality of life and psychosocial functioning improve, and patients use healthcare services less frequently. So here are some take-home points about psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, or PNES. Pseudo-seizure and similar terms are outdated and misleading. Do not use them. PNES are real, involuntary, brain-based events. Diagnosis relies on positive clinical features, what the events look like and when they happen, not normal lab tests or CT scans. Early recognition and diagnosis, and rapid referral to cognitive behavioral therapy, change patients' lives. If you suspect PNES, get neurology and mental health professionals involved as soon as possible. Alright, that's all I've got for this episode. I hope you found it educational. Having seen these events many times over the years, I recognize how scary they can be for families, schools, and our prehospital colleagues. It's up to us to think in advance about how we're going to talk to patients and families and develop strategies to help children who are suffering from PNES events. If you've got feedback about this episode, send it my way. Likewise, like, rate, and review, as my teenagers would say, and share this episode with a colleague if you think it would be beneficial. For PEM Currents: The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Podcast, this has been Brad Sobolewski. See you next time.

What happens when epilepsy meets pregnancy planning? In this episode of The MotherToBaby Podcast, host Chris Stallman, MS, CGC—a genetic counselor, mom of four, and teratogen information specialist—talks with Dr. Kristi McIntosh from the University of British Columbia. Dr. McIntosh shares her powerful personal and professional journey—from being diagnosed with epilepsy at age ten to navigating fertility challenges, medication changes, and high-risk pregnancies. As both a scientist and a mom, she offers unique insights into:

When your child survives one medical emergency only to face another, parenting becomes a constant act of advocacy and courage. Today's guest joins us to share her daughter's journey with rare and complex medical conditions, from early respiratory failure and unexplained hospitalizations to epilepsy, lung disease, and life with medical uncertainty. As a military spouse navigating deployments, Brittany shares what it means to walk this path largely alone, trust her instincts as a mother, and fight to be believed by medical professionals. This episode explores navigating rare disease without clear answers, the life-changing impact of compassionate child life support, supporting siblings through medical trauma, and how rituals, play, and community help families find hope and meaning in the midst of chaos. Download our free Children's Hospital Passport to help empower your child and family during hospital stays. Sponsored in part by HealthWell Foundation—learn how you can help families afford life-saving medications at healthwellfoundation.org.   Resources from today's episode: Medical Support:  Stanford Children's Health  Undiagnosed Diseases Network Nonprofit & Community Support: Live Like JoJo Foundation The Meg Foundation (Pediatric Pain & Poke Plans)  Brave Bears Club (Epilepsy Support) Child Life Mommy CHYP  Connect with Brittany Follow Brittany's journey as she shares life as a medical mom, military spouse, and advocate.    Connect & Support from Child Life On Call  Subscribe: Never miss an episode on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Visit insidethechildrenshospital.com to easily search stories and episodes Follow us on Instagram for updates and opportunities to connect with other parents Download SupportSpot: receive Child Life tools at your fingertips. Leave a Review: It helps other families find us and access our resources!   Keywords: Rare disease parenting, Medical motherhood, Medically complex child, Pediatric lung disease, Pediatric epilepsy, Intractable epilepsy, PICU parent experience, Military family healthcare, Parent advocacy in healthcare, Child life specialist support, Sibling support during hospitalization, Parenting after medical trauma, Coping with chronic illness, Undiagnosed disease journey, Hospital parent support Medical information provided is not a substitute for professional advice—please consult your care team  

EVEN MORE about this episode!Can diet, energy, and spiritual guidance play a role in healing epilepsy and chronic health challenges? Join Julie Ryan as she shares real-time medical intuitive insights, spirit guidance, and energetic scans—exploring epilepsy, healing diets, intuition, spirit messages, and the power of raising your vibration. Through energetic scanning, visualization, and spirit guidance, Julie explores how diet, intention, and frequency may support healing—sparking a deeper conversation about reclaiming personal power on any health journey.The episode continues with real-time readings and practical guidance for listeners around the world: messages from loved ones in spirit, energetic insights into digestive issues, and suggestions for supportive remedies—all woven together with compassion and clarity. From love and loss to companionship later in life, Julie shares wisdom drawn from both spirit and lived experience, reminding listeners that guidance is always available.You'll also hear moving stories involving pets as spirit guides, reassurance about a missing cat, and an honest exploration of navigating serious illness through both conventional and energetic support. This episode beautifully blends practicality with spirituality, offering hope, validation, and healing perspectives for anyone seeking answers, comfort, or a deeper connection to the unseen support all around us.Episode Chapters:(0:00:01) - Healing and Insights(0:13:45) - Messages From Beyond and Health Concerns(0:19:57) - Dating and Relationship Advice(0:23:49) - Pet Communication and Spirituality(0:28:52) - Guidance for Cancer Patient(0:43:43) - Health Insights for Pain(0:54:28) - Advice for Various Health Issues➡️Subscribe to Ask Julie Ryan YouTube➡️Subscribe to Ask Julie Ryan Español YouTube➡️Subscribe to Ask Julie Ryan Português YouTube➡️Subscribe to Ask Julie Ryan Deutsch YouTube➡️Subscribe to Ask Julie Ryan Français YouTube✏️Ask Julie a Question!

This episode covers epilepsy, particularly in children.Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/neurology/epilepsy/Questions can be found at https://members.zerotofinals.com/Books can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/books/The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

Welcome to the NeurologyLive® Mind Moments® podcast. Tune in to hear leaders in neurology sound off on topics that impact your clinical practice.In this Mind Moments episode, Benjamin Tolchin, MD, MS, FAAN, joins the podcast to provide clinical perspective on the recently published American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guidelines on functional seizures, drawing on his role as a contributing author to the recommendations. Tolchin, Director of the Center for Clinical Ethics at Yale New Haven Health and Associate Professor of Neurology at Yale School of Medicine, discusses what prompted the development of the first AAN guideline in this space and how the evidence base evolved to support formal recommendations. The conversation explores key considerations around diagnosing functional seizures, including history, semiology, EEG use, and the growing role of video documentation. Tolchin also addresses how clinicians should approach psychiatric comorbidities and co-occurring epilepsy, the evidence supporting psychological interventions, why pharmacologic therapies are not recommended for functional seizures themselves, and where major gaps remain in research to advance care in the years ahead.Looking for more Epilepsy discussion? Check out the NeurologyLive® Epilepsy clinical focus page.Episode Breakdown: 1:10 – Why growing evidence prompted the first AAN guideline on functional seizures 3:20 – Diagnostic priorities including history, semiology, EEG, and video documentation 6:15 – Assessing psychiatric comorbidities and co-occurring epilepsy in functional seizures 9:15 – Neurology News Minute 11:30 – Evidence supporting psychotherapy for functional seizures 14:50 – Pharmacological evidence and use of antiseizure medications for functional seizures 18:35 – Barriers to advancing clinical trials in functional seizures 22:05 – Research priorities to refine treatment and long-term outcomes The stories featured in this week's Neurology News Minute, which will give you quick updates on the following developments in neurology, are further detailed here: FDA Approves Subcutaneous Copper Histidinate as First Treatment for Pediatric Menkes Disease sBLA Acceptance Positions Efgartigimod as Potential First Therapy for Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis High-Dose Nusinersen Gains European Commission Approval for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Thanks for listening to the NeurologyLive® Mind Moments® podcast. To support the show, be sure to rate, review, and subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts. For more neurology news and expert-driven content, visit neurologylive.com.

What if the very challenge you think is holding you back is actually the thing meant to launch you into your purpose?In this deeply inspirational and motivational podcast episode, Reginald D sits down with A'Santianna Austin is a 20-year-old award-winning author, speaker, poet, youth advocate and 2027 Grammy Nominated Spoken Word Artist — for a powerful, life-affirming motivational speech conversation on identity, resilience, faith, and purpose.  Less than one year after graduating college, A'Santianna published her debut book, "Melanated, Not Black," a poetic exploration of identity, culture, and self-definition.  "Melanated, Not Black," is now being used in public, private and alternative schools as well as juvenile detention centers. A'Santianna has also toured nationally and performed at HBCU's and college events.  A'Santianna leads Project 500 to empower 500 youth through literacy, mentorship and identity.Diagnosed with severe epilepsy at just eight years old, A'Santianna turned adversity into impact through storytelling, advocacy, and service. This inspirational motivational episode explores how challenges don't disqualify you—they refine you—and how faith, self-belief, and action can motivate you to rise beyond limitations and live with purpose.Many people—especially young adults—feel limited by their health, background, identity, or circumstances. This inspirational and motivational speech-driven episode speaks directly to listeners who feel unseen, unheard, or underestimated. Through.Press play now to experience this inspirational and motivational speech conversation and walk away empowered to turn your pain into purpose and your story into impact.A'Santianna's  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/asantiannanijeanPurchase A'Santianna's book on Amazon:Amazon.com: MELANATED NOT BLACK: 9798262452439: AUSTIN, ASANTIANSend us a textSupport the showFor daily motivation and inspiration, subscribe and follow Real Talk With Reginald D on social media:Instagram: realtalkwithreginaldd TikTok: @realtalkregd Youtube: @realtalkwithreginald Facebook: realtalkwithreginaldd Twitter Real Talk With Reginald D (@realtalkRegD) / TwitterWebsite: Real Talk With Reginald D https://www.realtalkwithreginaldd.com Real Talk With Reginald D - Merchandise

 Goldstein's frustration with the medical system included long patient wait times of four to eight hours in emergency rooms and having to argue with insurance companies about necessary patient transfers to higher acuity facilities.A friend's breast cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy struggles prompted Goldstein to research cannabis in 2008, leading her to discover the endocannabinoid system and eventually work part-time in a medical cannabis practice in Los Angeles.Epilepsy and autism represent the top two conditions treated in Goldstein's pediatric cannabis practice, with one-third of pediatric epilepsy patients not responding to any pharmaceutical medications.Treatment protocols utilize primarily non-impairing cannabinoids like CBD, CBG, and CBDA, with THC used in medicinal doses that allow 70 to 80 percent of children to function without impairment.A remarkable case involved a nine-year-old patient with hundreds of daily seizures who progressed from being non-responsive in a stroller to saying "mama" at age 12-13, learning to crawl, feed herself, and use an iPad after years of cannabinoid treatment.Research demonstrates that longer treatment duration with CBD correlates with better outcomes, with patients showing optimal response rates at the two-year mark compared to one month or one year of treatment.CBD's effectiveness stems from its promiscuous nature, targeting over 75 different receptors including trip channels, adenosine enhancement, anandamide boosting, and GPR55 receptor blocking to reduce neuroexcitation and neuroinflammation.Different cannabis strains or chemovars contain varying amounts of similar compounds, requiring some patients to try 8, 10, or 15 different products before finding effective treatment, while others respond to any variety.Parents approach cannabis treatment with varying levels of apprehension, from immediate research after diagnosis to last-resort consideration after years of failed conventional treatments.Scientific literature now considers CBD an acceptable treatment for intractable pediatric seizures, with published research showing an 86% response rate for seizure reduction across multiple clinical studies.Environmental factors including increased chemical exposure, pesticide-laden foods like Cheerios, and processed foods contribute to the rising prevalence of childhood ailments compared to previous generations.Goldstein launched Goldstein Wellness in 2024, offering free comprehensive cannabis education to US licensed healthcare practitioners through 50+ videos and providing a free referral service connecting patients with educated clinicians in their states.Schedule 3 rescheduling will primarily benefit research opportunities and allow patients to cross state lines with their medicine, addressing the current problem where well children cannot travel to visit family members in other states.Research on autism patients revealed that children have lower levels of anandamide, an inner cannabis compound, and cannabinoid treatment can normalize biomarkers related to aggression, inflammation, and neuronal functioning while improving behaviors and family functioning. Visit our website: CannabisHealthRadio.comFind high-quality cannabis and CBD + get free consultations at MyFitLife.net/cannabishealthDiscover products and get expert advice from Swan ApothecaryFollow us on Facebook.Follow us on Instagram.Find us on Rumble.Keep your privacy! Buy NixT420 Odor Remover Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send comments and feedbackAbout 1 in 5 people with an intellectual disability (ID) also have epilepsy; among those with profound ID, 1 in 2 also will have epilepsy. In general, people with an ID have higher mortality rates and more chronic conditions than people without an ID; they also face significant health care disparities. Researchers interviewed people with both epilepsy and an ID to understand what they knew about their epilepsy, how they accessed care, and what epilepsy-related information they wanted to have. Sharp Waves episodes are meant for informational purposes only, and not as clinical or medical advice.Let us know how we're doing: podcast@ilae.org.The International League Against Epilepsy is the world's preeminent association of health professionals and scientists, working toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy. Visit us on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.

Stem cell science is reshaping treatment for complex disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Researchers develop cell based therapies to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, fill gaps across spinal cord injuries, and calm seizure networks in refractory epilepsy by restoring the balance of inhibition and excitation. Teams test immune cell therapies against Epstein Barr virus infected B cells in multiple sclerosis and collaborate to move treatments across the blood brain barrier to reach diseased cells. Clinicians combine imaging in the operating room, surgical tools, and research on biological age and the pace of aging to understand disease and guide treatment. Patient advocates describe challenges and hopes for better options, and contemporary art reflects on perception in digital and physical worlds. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40992]

Stem cell science is reshaping treatment for complex disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Researchers develop cell based therapies to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, fill gaps across spinal cord injuries, and calm seizure networks in refractory epilepsy by restoring the balance of inhibition and excitation. Teams test immune cell therapies against Epstein Barr virus infected B cells in multiple sclerosis and collaborate to move treatments across the blood brain barrier to reach diseased cells. Clinicians combine imaging in the operating room, surgical tools, and research on biological age and the pace of aging to understand disease and guide treatment. Patient advocates describe challenges and hopes for better options, and contemporary art reflects on perception in digital and physical worlds. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40992]

Stem cell science is reshaping treatment for complex disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Researchers develop cell based therapies to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, fill gaps across spinal cord injuries, and calm seizure networks in refractory epilepsy by restoring the balance of inhibition and excitation. Teams test immune cell therapies against Epstein Barr virus infected B cells in multiple sclerosis and collaborate to move treatments across the blood brain barrier to reach diseased cells. Clinicians combine imaging in the operating room, surgical tools, and research on biological age and the pace of aging to understand disease and guide treatment. Patient advocates describe challenges and hopes for better options, and contemporary art reflects on perception in digital and physical worlds. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40992]

Stem cell science is reshaping treatment for complex disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Researchers develop cell based therapies to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, fill gaps across spinal cord injuries, and calm seizure networks in refractory epilepsy by restoring the balance of inhibition and excitation. Teams test immune cell therapies against Epstein Barr virus infected B cells in multiple sclerosis and collaborate to move treatments across the blood brain barrier to reach diseased cells. Clinicians combine imaging in the operating room, surgical tools, and research on biological age and the pace of aging to understand disease and guide treatment. Patient advocates describe challenges and hopes for better options, and contemporary art reflects on perception in digital and physical worlds. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40992]

Stem cell science is reshaping treatment for complex disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Researchers develop cell based therapies to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease, fill gaps across spinal cord injuries, and calm seizure networks in refractory epilepsy by restoring the balance of inhibition and excitation. Teams test immune cell therapies against Epstein Barr virus infected B cells in multiple sclerosis and collaborate to move treatments across the blood brain barrier to reach diseased cells. Clinicians combine imaging in the operating room, surgical tools, and research on biological age and the pace of aging to understand disease and guide treatment. Patient advocates describe challenges and hopes for better options, and contemporary art reflects on perception in digital and physical worlds. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 40992]

0:30 - Epilepsy & Seizures Tangent2:30 - Westboro Baptist Church & Religious Extremism11:50 - Wrestling News: Roster Moves & Returns14:00 - Powerhouse Hobbs Leaves AEW for WWE24:00 - Tony Khan's Creative Control Comments26:50 - AEW vs WWE Perception & Talent Comparison33:00 - Tiffany Stratton's Return from Injury37:50 - Character Development Issues in WWE45:30 - Baron Corbin's Bizarre AEW Creative Pitch (Don Callis Family Biker Gang)51:30 - NWO Comparisons & Faction Building54:10 - R-Truth Retirement Plans56:30 - CM Punk Retiring at 5058:30 - WWE's Aging Roster & Future Stars1:02:00 - Cody Rhodes & Fan Interaction After Shows1:14:40 - Rikishi Complains About WWE Ticket Prices1:18:30 - Legends Contract & Complimentary Tickets1:19:00 - CJ Perry (Lana) Returns to Wrestling & Stand-Up Comedy1:28:50 - Nikki Bella's Drinking Habits Controversy1:31:20 - Wrap-Up & Patreon PlugBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/wrestling-soup--1425249/support.

Epilepsy affects millions, but few people know about the fascinating relationship between music and epilepsy, and that research is looking at how music may help reduce seizure activity in some individuals. Dr. Phillip Pearl, Harvard neurologist and professional jazz musician, shares how sound is being studied as a tool in epilepsy care (and many other applications). Links and notes related to this episode can be found at https://mpetersonmusic.com/podcast/episode226 Connect with us: Newsletter: https://mpetersonmusic.com/subscribe Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/EnhanceLifeMusic/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/enhancelifemusic/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mpetersonpiano/ X: https://twitter.com/musicenhances Sponsorship information: https://mpetersonmusic.com/podcast/sponsor Leave us a review on Podchaser.com! https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/enhance-life-with-music-909096 In-episode promo: Sheet Music Direct https://www.sheetmusicdirect.com

In the second part of this series, Dr. Neishay Ayub discusses levetiracetam and one of its most common side effects, irritability.  Show citations:  Abou-Khalil B. Levetiracetam in the treatment of epilepsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(3):507-523. doi:10.2147/ndt.s2937  Löscher W, Gillard M, Sands ZA, Kaminski RM, Klitgaard H. Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Ligands in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Beyond. CNS Drugs. 2016;30(11):1055-1077. doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0384-x Rogawski MA. Brivaracetam: a rational drug discovery success story. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(8):1555-1557. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.221 Ulloa CM, Towfigh A, Safdieh J. Review of levetiracetam, with a focus on the extended release formulation, as adjuvant therapy in controlling partial-onset seizures. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:467-476. doi:10.2147/ndt.s4844 Wu PP, Cao BR, Tian FY, Gao ZB. Development of SV2A Ligands for Epilepsy Treatment: A Review of Levetiracetam, Brivaracetam, and Padsevonil. Neurosci Bull. 2024;40(5):594-608. doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01138-2 Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of Levetiracetam-Induced Behavioral Side Effects by Pyridoxine. A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Study. Pediatr Neurol. 2021;119:15-21. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.02.010 Major P, Greenberg E, Khan A, Thiele EA. Pyridoxine supplementation for the treatment of levetiracetam-induced behavior side effects in children: preliminary results. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;13(3):557-559. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.07.004 Romoli M, Perucca E, Sen A. Pyridoxine supplementation for levetiracetam-related neuropsychiatric adverse events: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;103(Pt A):106861. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106861 Show transcript:  Dr. Neishay Ayub: Hello, my name is Neishay Ayub, and today we will be discussing levetiracetam and one of its most common side effects, irritability. While levetiracetam can be remarkably helpful for patients, behavioral adverse effects were noted in post-marketing analysis and open-label studies in adult and pediatric patients. For this, physicians started using vitamin B6 supplementation, particularly in the pediatric populations. Why would physicians use B6? Well, low vitamin B6 has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, which could be related to the fact that vitamin B6 is an essential co-factor for several neurotransmitters that affect mood and behavior, such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA. There is an epilepsy syndrome associated with vitamin B6 deficiency. And vitamin B6 deficiency is seen with enzyme-inducing anti-seizure medications, although levetiracetam is not an enzyme-inducing seizure medication. These are some of the possibilities as to why vitamin B6 supplementation was initially explored. Some initial anecdotal evidence and case reports were suggested that it was helpful in reducing behavioral side effects and the need to discontinue levetiracetam. There was a meta-analysis reviewing pyridoxine use, which included 11 case reports and retrospective studies, as well as one prospective study, case-control study, which was not placebo controlled. While evidence was suggestive of a benefit, the quality of the evidence was poor due to selection, reporting, and assessment biases. Overall, the authors recommended a larger randomized, controlled, double-blind trial with adequate statistical power, well-defined eligibility criteria and standardized assessment tools to evaluate B6 efficacy in treating levetiracetam-induced irritability. Since then, there was one small randomized, controlled, double-blind study involving 105 children for whom neuropsychiatric adverse effects were noted after levetiracetam was introduced. Children were randomized to receive a therapeutic dose of pyridoxine, which was 10 to 15 milligrams per kilogram per day, up to 200 milligrams, or a homeopathic dose of 0.5 milligrams per kilogram per day. They were scored on a behavioral checklist and monitored for up to six months. While there was a reduction in behavioral symptoms reported in the therapeutic pyridoxine group, there was no validated assessment tools used, and there was an absence of a true placebo group. Lastly, there are a few studies reporting on adverse effects of B6 toxicity, which is possible, but it's typically seen at higher daily doses, although something to keep in mind if considering B6 supplementation. In summary, while there has been a clinical practice of prescribing pyridoxine at 50 to 100 milligrams as a low-cost, well-tolerated adjunctive supplement, there may be a modest benefit for some patients, but the overall efficacy for the treatment of neuropsychiatric side effects for levetiracetam remain unclear, and more evidence is needed. 

Our guest this week is Mike Kinner of Colorado Springs, CO who is the founder of Air-O-Sport and father of three including a son with microcephaly.Mike and his wife, Stephanie, have been married for 12 years and are the proud parents of three children: daughters; Elieyanah (1) and McKenzie (9) as well as son, Samuel (6) who has microcephaly, which is linked to several disorders, including; epilepsy, cerebral palsy, being deaf, visually impaired and non-verbal.Mike is the founder of Air-O-Sport, a unique fast-paced, non-contact team game where players pass and throw a lightweight ring through the air to score points by hitting targets or completing passes in a defined zone. It blends elements of basketball, ultimate frisbee, and handball, emphasizing agility, teamwork, and quick decision-making.We learn about the Kinner family, their love for Samuel and the energy they bring to life, all on this episode of the SFN Dad to Dad Podcast.Show Notes - Phone – (719) 243-9111Email – mike@playairosport.comLinkedIn –  https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikekinner/Website - https://playairosport.com/Special Fathers Network –SFN is a dad to dad mentoring program for fathers raising children with special needs. Many of the 800+ SFN Mentor Fathers, who are raising kids with special needs, have said: “I wish there was something like this when we first received our child's diagnosis. I felt so isolated.  There was no one within my family, at work, at church or within my friend group who understood or could relate to what I was going through.”SFN Mentor Fathers share their experiences with younger dads closer to the beginning of their journey raising a child with the same or similar special needs. The SFN Mentor Fathers do NOT offer legal or medical advice, that is what lawyers and doctors do. They simply share their experiences and how they have made the most of challenging situations.Check out the 21CD YouTube Channel with dozens of videos on topics relevant to dads raising children with special needs - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzDFCvQimWNEb158ll6Q4cA/videosPlease support the SFN. Click here to donate: https://21stcenturydads.org/donate/Special Fathers Network: https://21stcenturydads.org/  SFN Mastermind Group - https://21stcenturydads.org/sfn-mastermind-group/Special thanks to SFN Mentor Father, SFN Mastermind Group dad and 21CD board member Shane Madden for creating the SFN jingle on the front and back end of the podcast.. 

Welcome to the NeurologyLive® Mind Moments® podcast. Tune in to hear leaders in neurology sound off on topics that impact your clinical practice.In this episode, "Bexicaserin, the PACIFIC Trial, and Treating Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies," Johannes Streffer, MD, PhD, discusses phase 1/2 findings from the PACIFIC trial evaluating bexicaserin in developmental epileptic encephalopathies, presented at the American Epilepsy Society 2025 Annual Meeting. Streffer, senior vice president of clinical development at Lundbeck, outlines the scientific and clinical rationale for studying DEEs as a unified population, emphasizing the unmet need and complexity of trial design in this highly vulnerable group. He reviews key efficacy outcomes, including sustained reductions in countable motor seizures and strong patient retention through long-term open-label extension and expanded access follow-up. The discussion also explores safety and tolerability considerations in patients receiving multiple concomitant antiseizure medications, the highly selective mechanism of action of bexicaserin, and how Lundbeck's broader strategy in rare neurological disorders aims to de-risk development early while addressing populations with limited therapeutic options.Looking for more Epilepsy discussion? Check out the NeurologyLive® Epilepsy clinical focus page.Episode Breakdown: 1:05 – Rationale for studying developmental epileptic encephalopathies as a unified group 3:05 – Challenges of trial design and retention in vulnerable pediatric DEE populations 5:25 – Key PACIFIC efficacy findings and long-term open-label extension results 7:05 – Neurology News Minute 9:15 – Safety, tolerability, and drug-drug interaction considerations for bexicaserin 11:20 – Lundbeck's strategy across rare and severe neurological disorders The stories featured in this week's Neurology News Minute, which will give you quick updates on the following developments in neurology, are further detailed here: Remyelinating Agent PIPE-307 Falls Short in Phase 2 Trial of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Semaglutide Linked to Improved Neurological Outcomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Without IV Thrombolysis FDA Approves Generic Glatiramer Acetate Injection for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Thanks for listening to the NeurologyLive® Mind Moments® podcast. To support the show, be sure to rate, review, and subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts. For more neurology news and expert-driven content, visit neurologylive.com.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare genetic condition caused by changes in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene that over-activate a key growth-control pathway, known as mTOR. This leads to seizures that often don't respond to existing medicines and to noncancerous tumors in organs such as the brain, kidneys, lungs, and skin. In fact, more than 65 percent of people with TSC-related epilepsy still have seizures despite available treatments. Though mTOR inhibitors can help some patients, their benefits are limited because of side effects due to their lack of specificity. Aeovian Pharmaceuticals is developing an experimental therapy that precisely targets the overactive part of this pathway and avoids the part thought to cause many side effects. We spoke to Allison Hulme, CEO of Aeovian Pharmaceuticals, about tuberous sclerosis complex, the problems with existing therapies for seizures related to the condition, and the opportunity for its next-generation, selective mTOR inhibitors to treat tuberous sclerosis complex and beyond.

In part one of this two-part series, Dr. Neishay Ayub discusses the history of a novel anti-epileptic drug, levetiracetam.  Show citations:  Abou-Khalil B. Levetiracetam in the treatment of epilepsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008;4(3):507-523. doi:10.2147/ndt.s2937  Löscher W, Gillard M, Sands ZA, Kaminski RM, Klitgaard H. Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Ligands in the Treatment of Epilepsy and Beyond. CNS Drugs. 2016;30(11):1055-1077. doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0384-x Rogawski MA. Brivaracetam: a rational drug discovery success story. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(8):1555-1557. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.221 Ulloa CM, Towfigh A, Safdieh J. Review of levetiracetam, with a focus on the extended release formulation, as adjuvant therapy in controlling partial-onset seizures. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:467-476. doi:10.2147/ndt.s4844 Wu PP, Cao BR, Tian FY, Gao ZB. Development of SV2A Ligands for Epilepsy Treatment: A Review of Levetiracetam, Brivaracetam, and Padsevonil. Neurosci Bull. 2024;40(5):594-608. doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01138-2 Mahmoud A, Tabassum S, Al Enazi S, et al. Amelioration of Levetiracetam-Induced Behavioral Side Effects by Pyridoxine. A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Study. Pediatr Neurol. 2021;119:15-21. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.02.010 Major P, Greenberg E, Khan A, Thiele EA. Pyridoxine supplementation for the treatment of levetiracetam-induced behavior side effects in children: preliminary results. Epilepsy Behav. 2008;13(3):557-559. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.07.004 Romoli M, Perucca E, Sen A. Pyridoxine supplementation for levetiracetam-related neuropsychiatric adverse events: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;103(Pt A):106861. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106861 Show transcript:  Dr. Neishay Ayub: Hello, my name is Neishay Ayub, and today we are discussing the history of a novel anti-epileptic drug, levetiracetam. It's a story of a scientific dead end, a radical new testing method, and a mystery that took years to unravel. To set the scene, let's go back to 1974. The pharmaceutical company, UCB Pharma, was working on compounds to boost cognitive function. They were looking for a successor to their drug piracetam. During this research, levetiracetam was first synthesized, but the compound didn't show any significant brain-boosting effects. With no discernible purpose, it was filed away and largely forgotten. For nearly two decades, this medicine sat on a shelf an anonymous entry in a long list of failed drug candidates. The story could have ended there, but in the early 1990s, researchers took a different approach to drug discovery. Researchers screened their entire library of forgotten compounds against audiogenic seizure-susceptible mice. These are mice prone to seizures triggered by sound. Levetiracetam was incredibly ineffective in chronic epileptic mice. Interestingly, levetiracetam had previously failed traditional screening tests which was to prevent acute seizures in normal animals subjected to maximal electroshock or pentylenetetrazole. Levetiracetam was pushed forward to human clinical trials and was found to be efficacious in three placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded clinical trials for adults with refractory focal epilepsy. Two of the clinical trials reviewed levetiracetam three grams per day compared to placebo. They found the responder rate, i.e., 50% reduction in seizure frequency, was 39% to 42% for patients on three grams per day versus placebo at 10% to 16% when used as adjunctive therapy. One of these trials also used levetiracetam as monotherapy, noting a median percent reduction in focal seizure frequency of 73%, a responder rate of 59%, and 18% of patients achieving seizure freedom. In November 1999, the FDA gave its approval for adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures. While levetiracetam was effective, how it worked was still unclear. It didn't affect the ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors that older, more traditional anti-epileptic drugs targeted. Eventually in 2004, scientists made another breakthrough. They identified the drug's primary molecular target, a protein called SV2A. This protein is involved in regulating the release of neurotransmitters. Instead of suppressing all neurologic activity, levetiracetam appears to bind to SV2A and selectively modulate neurotransmitter release in overactive seizing neurons. This precise mechanism is why it has such a favorable side effect profile. With the mystery solved and a novel mechanism understood, levetiracetam continues to be a popular anti-seizure medication to this day, and its use has been expanded. Further clinical trials led to FDA approvals for use in adult and pediatric patients with myoclonic epilepsy for myoclonic seizures as well as adult and pediatric patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. There is an off-label use for status epilepticus and seizure prophylaxis in TBI, in traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and neurosurgical cases. Formulations have also expanded to include tablets and liquid formulations for immediate release, extended-release tablets, and intravenous formulations. Today, with the original patent expired, generic versions are available, making this treatment accessible to millions. The journey of levetiracetam from an abandoned compound to a frontline treatment is a powerful reminder that in science, a failure might just be a success waiting to be tested in a different way.

Dr. Elinor Ben-Menachem, epileptologist, researcher and professor at Sweden's University of Gothenburg, shares insights and experiences from her 40-plus years working with clinical trials and providing care to refractory epilepsy patients.

Happy Holidays and Happy New Year from your Talk About It family! We are closing an incredible year with a great episode that features people leading the charge from the next generation. The young adults who are receiving the torch to advocate for epilepsy awareness into the future! Greg chats with Abigayle Weitl and Chels Scantland from the Young Adults with Epilepsy organization that aims to provide young adults with resources to gain independence and break stigmas through education, awareness, mental health counseling, and so many incredible programs that they offer. They discuss each of their journeys with epilepsy and how they got involved in the organization, and how they have used their own experiences to impact the lives of the next generations. They also discuss tips for new years celebrations if you have epilepsy, strategies for preserving mental health in a social media world, and the importance of belonging when diagnosed with a condition like epilepsy. Greg then gives thanks for an incredible year we have had and sets his sights on the big things happening next year at Talk About It. We need your help! Like and share this episode, follow Talk About It on YouTube, and get involved in great organizations like Young Adults with Epilepsy! Have a safe and happy holiday season, and we will see you in the new year! Talk About It with Greg Grunberg is excited to be sponsored by Neurelis and by Jazz Pharmaceuticals.

In a Petrie Dish collaboration with Public Health Watch, we explore what happens if you have a chronic illness like epilepsy in a state that has rejected the Medicaid expansion.

Beth Zupec-Kania is a leading global expert in ketogenic therapy, known for her decades of clinical experience and clear, compassionate guidance. A registered and certified dietitian-nutritionist, she has spent more than 30 years helping clinicians, patients, and families use therapeutic ketosis safely and effectively for neurological, psychiatric, metabolic, and even select cancer-related conditions. In this episode, Dr. Tro, Dr. Brian, and Beth talk about… (00:00) Intro (02:23) What The Charlie Foundation is and how Beth first became involved (05:09) The frustrations Beth faced as a nutritionist promoting an, at the time, very taboo diet in the ketogenic diet (09:37) How Beth initially came to see the power of keto as a therapy for people with epilepsy (12:16) The evolution of the keto diet over the decades (18:40) How the keto diet can be life changing for children with epilepsy (27:28) Epilepsy patients weaning off of the keto diet (30:22) Why a supplemental or drug cannot replace the keto diet for epilepsy patients (32:44) How sugar and the microbiome play into epilepsy and seizure disorders (41:28) Beth's personal experience with the ketogenic diet (47:38) HRT, women's health, and the keto diet (51:54) Addiction and denial (56:55) Fatty liver disease and the keto diet (01:00:02) The new dietary guidelines (01:04:04) Eating REAL fats (01:05:52) For more information, please see the links below. Thank you for listening! Links: Please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.lowcarbmd.com/ Beth Zupec-Kania: The Charlie Foundation: https://charliefoundation.org/ Website: https://www.bethzupeckania.com/ Keto Mastery: https://www.ketomastery.pro/ Dr. Brian Lenzkes:  Website: https://arizonametabolichealth.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/BrianLenzkes?ref_src=twsrc^google|twcamp^serp|twgr^author Dr. Tro Kalayjian:  Website: https://www.doctortro.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DoctorTro IG: https://www.instagram.com/doctortro/ Toward Health App Join a growing community of individuals who are improving their metabolic health; together.  Get started at your own pace with a self-guided curriculum developed by Dr. Tro and his care team, community chat, weekly meetings, courses, challenges, message boards and more.  Apple: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/doctor-tro/id1588693888  Google: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.disciplemedia.doctortro&hl=en_US&gl=US Learn more: https://doctortro.com/community/