Podcasts about Scientific Revolution

If you were to study history's most notable scientists, doctors, and educators, you'd quickly notice a mutual belief they all shared. In this program, guest teacher John Dickerson reveals the answer. Discover what drove these great men and women to the success we recognize them for today.Main Points Heroes of history who read Jesus' words and did what it says: Mary Moes Founders of Massachusetts General Hospital Johns Hopkins A challenge to non-Christians: Look for the people who actually do what Jesus said, not cultural Christians. A challenge to Christians: Do others know who you serve? What deeds are you doing that point to Jesus? Followers of Jesus throughout history: Devout followers of Jesus who led anti-slavery movements in history: Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglas, & Elijah Lovejoy Ten out of ten leading universities were started by Christians for the purpose of teaching the Bible. The Scientific Revolution was birthed by Christian scientists: Isaac Newton, Blaise Pascal, Johannes Kepler, & Robert Boyle Did Jesus actually live? For more evidence see the book, Jesus Skeptic: A Journalist Explores the credibility and Impact of Christianity by John S. Dickerson How do we know what Jesus actually said? There are more ancient manuscripts of the Bible than any other ancient literature in the world. What did Jesus say? "But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth." -Acts 1:8 Why does Jesus' movement keep growing? Jesus is the only one who can: Change human nature from the inside out. Jesus is the only one who can: Transform hearts. Jesus is the only one who can: Reconnect us to God. God uses ordinary people who truly believe the words of Jesus to do extraordinary things. Broadcast Resource Download Free MP3 Message Notes Resource Page Additional Resource Mentions Why I Believe & Jesus Skeptic Book Bundle About Chip Ingram Chip Ingram's passion is helping Christians really live like Christians. As a pastor, author, and teacher for more than three decades, Chip has helped believers around the world move from spiritual spectators to healthy, authentic disciples of Jesus by living out God's truth in their lives and relationships in transformational ways. About John Dickerson John Dickerson is a prize-winning research journalist, a seminary-trained pastor, and a frequent commentator in national news outlets such as USA Today. Dickerson is the author of Hope of Nations, Jesus Skeptic and serves as the lead pastor of Connection Pointe Christian Church in the Indianapolis metro area. About Living on the Edge Living on the Edge exists to help Christians live like Christians. Established in 1995 as the radio ministry of pastor and author Chip Ingram, God has since grown it into a global discipleship ministry. Living on the Edge provides Biblical teaching and discipleship resources that challenge and equip spiritually hungry Christians all over the world to become mature disciples of Jesus. Connect

Do you know why the top universities in the world were founded? Or why someone like Harriet Tubman risked her life to rescue slaves? In this program, guest teacher John Dickerson makes that connection for us. John's gonna unpack the common thread that links some of history's most notable figures and institutions.Main Points Heroes of history who read Jesus' words and did what it says: Mary Moes Founders of Massachusetts General Hospital Johns Hopkins A challenge to non-Christians: Look for the people who actually do what Jesus said, not cultural Christians. A challenge to Christians: Do others know who you serve? What deeds are you doing that point to Jesus? Followers of Jesus throughout history: Devout followers of Jesus who led anti-slavery movements in history: Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglas, & Elijah Lovejoy Ten out of ten leading universities were started by Christians for the purpose of teaching the Bible. The Scientific Revolution was birthed by Christian scientists: Isaac Newton, Blaise Pascal, Johannes Kepler, & Robert Boyle Did Jesus actually live? For more evidence see the book, Jesus Skeptic: A Journalist Explores the credibility and Impact of Christianity by John S. Dickerson How do we know what Jesus actually said? There are more ancient manuscripts of the Bible than any other ancient literature in the world. What did Jesus say? "But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth." -Acts 1:8 Why does Jesus' movement keep growing? Jesus is the only one who can: Change human nature from the inside out. Jesus is the only one who can: Transform hearts. Jesus is the only one who can: Reconnect us to God. God uses ordinary people who truly believe the words of Jesus to do extraordinary things. Broadcast Resource Download Free MP3 Message Notes Resource Page Additional Resource Mentions Why I Believe & Jesus Skeptic Book Bundle About Chip Ingram Chip Ingram's passion is helping Christians really live like Christians. As a pastor, author, and teacher for more than three decades, Chip has helped believers around the world move from spiritual spectators to healthy, authentic disciples of Jesus by living out God's truth in their lives and relationships in transformational ways. About John Dickerson John Dickerson is a prize-winning research journalist, a seminary-trained pastor, and a frequent commentator in national news outlets such as USA Today. Dickerson is the author of Hope of Nations, Jesus Skeptic and serves as the lead pastor of Connection Pointe Christian Church in the Indianapolis metro area. About Living on the Edge Living on the Edge exists to help Christians live like Christians. Established in 1995 as the radio ministry of pastor and author Chip Ingram, God has since grown it into a global discipleship ministry. Living on the Edge provides Biblical teaching and discipleship resources that challenge and equip spiritually hungry Christians all over the world to become mature disciples of Jesus.

Welcome to the debut episode of "The Scientists," a captivating new series from the Into the Impossible Podcast Network, hosted by Brian Keating, Chancellor's Distinguished Professor of Physics at UC San Diego. Each week, Brian takes us on a journey into the extraordinary minds behind history's greatest scientific breakthroughs—not just exploring what these giants of science discovered, but delving deep into who they were, what drove their relentless curiosity, and the very human obsessions that shaped their careers and our world. If you're curious about the messy, intensely human reality behind monumental discoveries—and how these stories can reshape your worldview—tune in as we venture into the lives, the questions, and the obsessions that made science possible. Please join my mailing list here

Unleashed: The Political News Hour with Nate Cain – The Republican Party's future, with Trump eyeing JD Vance or Marco Rubio as successors and Gen Z's surprising shift toward conservatism, plus the Pentagon's bold military expansion at the Texas border to curb illegal migration. NASA scientist Dr. Weiping Yu, unveiling his groundbreaking UON theory that challenges the standard model of physics...

Some 500 years ago, the Scientific Revolution transformed civilization. It paved the way for new technology and commerce, but it also created a worldview that set humans above and apart from the rest of nature, leading to the abuse of the planet's resources. Today, a new scientific paradigm is taking shape; an understanding that all life on Earth — from the tiniest bacteria to the largest ecosystem — is interconnected. Call it biocentrism or “Gaia 2.0.” Anne and Steve travel to the Island of Knowledge in Italy to meet a new generation of scientists and philosophers.Original Air Date: April 05, 2025Interviews In This Hour: Why the human imagination is both our greatest gift and weapon — Just how smart is a robot dog? — How Galileo helped create the modern world — The new science of 'planetary intelligence'Guests: Peter Tse, Marcelo Gleiser, Adam FrankNever want to miss an episode? Subscribe to the podcast.Want to hear more from us, including extended interviews and favorites from the archive? Subscribe to our newsletter.

Send us a textWe often think of science fiction as a particularly modern genre of storytelling, born of the science and technology of the electronic and digital age.  But speculative fiction goes back centuries, back to the beginning of what we now call the Scientific Revolution of the 1600s.  On today's show, we look at two of the foundational books in the genre: Francis Godwin's The Man in the Moon and Margaret Cavendish's The Blazing World.  May the Force be with us!Links to Texts:The Man in the Moon: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46591/pg46591-images.htmlThe Blazing World: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/51783/pg51783-images.htmlSupport the showPlease like, subscribe, and rate the podcast on Apple, Spotify, YouTube Music, or wherever you listen. Thank you!Email: classicenglishliterature@gmail.comFollow me on Instagram, Facebook, Bluesky, and YouTube.If you enjoy the show, please consider supporting it with a small donation. Click the "Support the Show" button. So grateful!Podcast Theme Music: "Rejoice" by G.F. Handel, perf. The Advent Chamber OrchestraSubcast Theme Music: "Sons of the Brave" by Thomas Bidgood, perf. The Band of the Irish GuardsSound effects and incidental music: Freesounds.orgMy thanks and appreciation to all the generous providers!

DOGE ON MARS. 1/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet  by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet.. 1958

DOGE ON MARS. 2/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet  by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet

DOGE ON MARS. 3/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet  by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1958

DOGE ON MARS. 4/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet  by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1868 JULES VERNE

MAKE HISTORY WITH US THIS SUMMER:https://demystifysci.com/demysticon-2025PATREON https://www.patreon.com/c/demystifysciPARADIGM DRIFThttps://demystifysci.com/paradigm-drift-showAnne Hofmeister is an applied physicist, mathematician, and theorist at Washington University, whose heterodox approach to physics has not made her a lot of friends, but has solved a lot of paradoxical problems. Hofmeister's background in analytic materials science has given her a deeper than average understanding of how to deal with complex physical systems, which allows her to see what others miss. Often, she will investigate a system that's thought to behave in strange ways - like galaxies whose rotation appears to violate Newton's laws - and discover that a deep confusion about how to treat the system mathematically produces fantastical explanations like dark matter or modified gravity. In our conversation we talk about the surprising implications her work for things like plate tectonics, the structure of the sun & the liquid sun model championed by PM Robitaille, and how to see the pieces that everyone else misses. Dr. Hofmeister's Solar physics paper, discussed in the second half of today's pod:https://www.oldcitypublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/HTHPv52n6p435-464Hofmeister.pdf(00:00) Go!(00:07:41) The Big Questions in Physics(00:14:08) Back to the Classics(00:25:03) Revisiting Plate Tectonics and Earth Dynamics(00:34:11) Venus and Spin Energy(00:39:22) Expanding Earth Hypothesis(00:47:22) Science and Theories' Evolution(00:49:55) Forces & Dark Matter(00:50:37) Alternatives to Dark Matter(00:55:02) Galaxy Dynamics and Pattern Analysis(00:59:11) Mathematical Models vs. Reality(01:03:48) The Allure of Mystical Thought in Physics(01:07:41) More Alternatives to Dark Matter and Black Holes(01:13:57) Practical Considerations in Physics Research(01:14:34) Rethinking Stellar Thermodynamics(01:18:03) Convection and Solar Dynamics(01:24:18) Surface Phenomena and Solar Structure(01:30:13) Implications of Ideal Gas Assumptions: Liquid Sun(01:39:18) Cosmic Background Radiation and Black Body Radiation(01:42:01) Theoretical vs. Experimental Science(01:44:31) Scientific Revolutions and Misunderstandings(01:47:03) Advice for Aspiring Physicists#cosmology, #astrophysics, #darkmatter, #spacetheory, #physicscommunity, #scientificrevolution, #universeexplained, #openminds, #cosmicmysteries, #gravity, #PhilosophyOfScience, #philosophypodcast, #sciencepodcast, #longformpodcast ABOUS US: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. PATREON: get episodes early + join our weekly Patron Chat https://bit.ly/3lcAasBMERCH: Rock some DemystifySci gear : https://demystifysci.myspreadshop.com/allAMAZON: Do your shopping through this link: https://amzn.to/3YyoT98DONATE: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaDSUBSTACK: https://substack.com/@UCqV4_7i9h1_V7hY48eZZSLw@demystifysciBLOG: http://DemystifySci.com/blog RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rssMAILING LIST: https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/- Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySciMUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671

Fluent Fiction - Italian: Breaking Barriers: A Scientific Revolution in the Alps Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/it/episode/2025-03-05-23-34-02-it Story Transcript:It: Nel cuore delle Alpi italiane, un laboratorio segreto sorgeva come un faro di speranza per la scienza.En: In the heart of the Italian Alps, a secret laboratory rose like a beacon of hope for science.It: Questa moderna struttura, avvolta dalla bellezza dei picchi e delle foreste, ospitava menti brillanti pronte a cambiare il mondo.En: This modern facility, wrapped in the beauty of the peaks and forests, housed brilliant minds ready to change the world.It: Tra di loro c'era Luca, un giovane scienziato determinato.En: Among them was Luca, a determined young scientist.It: Lavorava giorno e notte su un progetto segreto, persino durante la festa della donna, l'8 marzo.En: He worked day and night on a secret project, even during International Women's Day, on March 8th.It: Al suo fianco c'era Chiara, una promettente scienziata ambientale.En: By his side was Chiara, a promising environmental scientist.It: Era appassionata e determinata a farsi riconoscere in un mondo spesso dominato da uomini.En: She was passionate and determined to make a name for herself in a world often dominated by men.It: Trovava spesso difficile imporsi, ma Luca e Chiara erano una squadra perfetta.En: She often found it difficult to assert herself, but Luca and Chiara were a perfect team.It: Entrambi lottavano per realizzare il loro sogno: un esperimento che integrava le idee innovative di Luca con le intuizioni ambientali di Chiara.En: Both fought to realize their dream: an experiment that integrated Luca's innovative ideas with Chiara's environmental insights.It: Alessandro era il leader del gruppo.En: Alessandro was the leader of the group.It: Era un uomo carismatico e rispettato, ma talvolta troppo sicuro di sé.En: He was a charismatic and respected man, but sometimes too self-assured.It: Aveva una tendenza a ignorare i contributi degli altri, concentrandosi più sulle sue teorie consolidate.En: He had a tendency to ignore the contributions of others, focusing more on his established theories.It: Una mattina di inizio primavera, Luca decise di cambiare la situazione.En: One early spring morning, Luca decided to change the situation.It: Raccogliendo tutto il suo coraggio, presentò una modifica cruciale al loro progetto, una modifica che incorporava le idee di Chiara.En: Gathering all his courage, he presented a crucial modification to their project, a change that incorporated Chiara's ideas.It: Sapeva che Alessandro poteva non accettare facilmente, ma era il momento di rischiare.En: He knew that Alessandro might not accept it easily, but it was time to take a risk.It: "Alessandro," disse Luca, durante la riunione decisiva.En: "Alessandro," said Luca during the decisive meeting.It: "Ho una proposta.En: "I have a proposal.It: Credo che le idee di Chiara possano portarci al successo."En: I believe Chiara's ideas can lead us to success."It: Alessandro alzò un sopracciglio, visibilmente scettico.En: Alessandro raised an eyebrow, visibly skeptical.It: "Interessante," rispose laconico.En: "Interesting," he responded laconically.It: Ma la sua espressione mostrava il solito disinteresse.En: But his expression showed the usual disinterest.It: Chiara si fece avanti.En: Chiara stepped forward.It: Mostrò, con passione, dati e grafici che supportavano le loro teorie integrate.En: She passionately presented data and charts that supported their integrated theories.It: Luca la osservava con ammirazione, vedendo in lei un'alleata potente.En: Luca watched her with admiration, seeing in her a powerful ally.It: L'atmosfera della sala cambiò.En: The atmosphere in the room changed.It: Gli altri scienziati iniziarono a mormorare tra di loro, intrigati dalla presentazione.En: The other scientists began to murmur among themselves, intrigued by the presentation.It: Alessandro, pur riluttante, accettò di procedere con l'esperimento.En: Alessandro, albeit reluctantly, agreed to proceed with the experiment.It: La tensione riempiva l'aria mentre l'esperimento prendeva il via.En: Tension filled the air as the experiment began.It: Tutti gli occhi erano puntati sugli schermi.En: All eyes were glued to the screens.It: E poi, accadde l'imprevisto: un successo clamoroso.En: And then, the unexpected happened: a resounding success.It: Il laboratorio esplose in un coro di applausi e congratulazioni.En: The laboratory erupted into a chorus of applause and congratulations.It: Luca e Chiara, insieme, avevano raggiunto l'impossibile.En: Together, Luca and Chiara had achieved the impossible.It: Da quel giorno, le cose cambiarono.En: From that day on, things changed.It: Luca guadagnò una nuova fiducia nelle sue capacità e capì l'importanza della collaborazione.En: Luca gained new confidence in his abilities and understood the importance of collaboration.It: Chiara ricevette il rispetto che meritava e fu ispirata a seguire i suoi sogni con rinnovata determinazione.En: Chiara received the respect she deserved and was inspired to pursue her dreams with renewed determination.It: E così, nel silenzio maestoso delle montagne, un piccolo esperimento scientifico aprì le porte a infinite possibilità.En: And so, in the majestic silence of the mountains, a small scientific experiment opened the doors to infinite possibilities.It: Il laboratorio nelle Alpi non era più solo un luogo segreto, ma la culla del cambiamento e dell'innovazione.En: The laboratory in the Alps was no longer just a secret place, but the cradle of change and innovation. Vocabulary Words:the beacon: il farofacility: la strutturabrilliant minds: menti brillantidetermined: determinatoenvironmental scientist: scienziata ambientaleto assert: imporsiinsights: intuizionicharismatic: carismaticoself-assured: troppo sicuro di séto gather: raccoglierecrucial modification: modifica crucialeeyebrow: sopracciglioskeptical: scetticoexpression: espressionemurmur: mormorarelaconically: laconicoexperiment began: l'esperimento prendeva il viaresounding success: successo clamorosoapplause: applausito achieve: raggiungereconfidence: fiduciadreams: sognirenewed determination: rinnovata determinazionemajestic silence: silenzio maestosoinfinite possibilities: infinite possibilitàcradle: cullachange: cambiamentoinnovation: innovazionescientific experiment: esperimento scientificoto incorporate: incorporare

Artificial general intelligence — an A.I. system that can beat humans at almost any cognitive task — is arriving in just a couple of years. That's what people tell me — people who work in A.I. labs, researchers who follow their work, former White House officials. A lot of these people have been calling me over the last couple of months trying to convey the urgency. This is coming during President Trump's term, they tell me. We're not ready.One of the people who reached out to me was Ben Buchanan, the top adviser on A.I. in the Biden White House. And I thought it would be interesting to have him on the show for a couple reasons: He's not connected to an A.I. lab, and he was at the nerve center of policymaking on A.I. for years. So what does he see coming? What keeps him up at night? And what does he think the Trump administration needs to do to get ready for the AGI — or something like AGI — he believes is right on the horizon?This episode contains strong language.Mentioned:“Machines of Loving Grace” by Dario Amodei“Ninety-five theses on AI” by Samuel Hammond“What It Means to be Kind in a Cruel World” by The Ezra Klein Show with George SaundersBook recommendations:The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas KuhnRise of the Machines by Thomas RidA Swim in a Pond in the Rain by George SaundersThoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, with Kate Sinclair and Mary Marge Locker. Mixing by Isaac Jones, with Efim Shapiro and Aman Sahota. Our supervising editor is Claire Gordon. The show's production team also includes Elias Isquith, Kristin Lin and Jack McCordick. Original music by Pat McCusker. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Switch and Board Podcast Studio. Unlock full access to New York Times podcasts and explore everything from politics to pop culture. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Panel - 361Firm's NY Tech Summit Feb. 25, 2025SUMMARY KEYWORDSArtificial Intelligence, generative AI, venture capital, seed funding, Hippocratic, LLM, job displacement, AI revolution, energy solutions, food security, humanoid robots, quantum computing, stakeholder model, economic impact, technological advancement.SPEAKERSSpeaker 1, Alex Zhuk, Rashmi Joshi, Ben Narasin, Speaker 2, Maisy Ng, Mark Sanor, Zoe Cruz Mark Sanor  00:00Um, introduce yourself again, share an insight and what scares and excites you about AI, there you Ben Narasin  00:06go. What is this the one? All right, Hi, I'm Ben Naris, and I run tenacity venture capital. I spent of any a large venture firm about three years ago. I focus on seed. I've been doing that for about 18 years. Last year, I saw 2000 companies. I funded three. They were all generative. Ai related. It it is not because I have an explicit focus on AI. By the way, focused funds of under perform generalist funds for 40 years, find that data out there and think about how you invest. It's that the best and brightest always go to the shiniest, most exciting thing, and that is certainly generative AI right now, I even have I paid them personally, the most I've ever paid for company, $500 million for a company called Hippocratic, which is creating LLM based nurses. And what's fascinating about AI, I guess there's so many things, but one, we don't know how it works and how it thinks. These machines are thinking. And people that are in the business will acknowledge they don't actually understand how, two, it totally changes the value and reality of time. So let's use the example of Hippocratic they have an LLM that is trained on the nursing notes from major medical facilities. It calls in audio every person that leaves a hospital or doctor's office and checks in on them to make sure they are staying in tune with the things they need to do to get better. When in the past, would that ever have been possible? You know, 1000 people leaves a hospital in a day, there is zero chance you can afford to get the people to do it. But AI can spend infinite amounts of time and spin up infinite instances, and it will totally change things that we are able to do. I make one more example of that. I was listening on calls that the AI made to different patients. And it called a woman that had diabetes, and it, you know, did its check in. And then she said, Hey, can I eat, you know, beans? Yeah, beans are fine. Can I eat bread? Well, bread is bad at spikes. And then she listed off one by 156, foods to see if they were okay to eat. And the AI, very patiently, said, yes, no, yes, no, that would never happen. But not only can the AI allow infinite time to be utilized to do things in parallel, but the people on the other side can take advantage of it in ways they never would have with a traditional nurse in this instance. So I think there are going to be so many things that happen that we are not expecting. I am not worried about I am a little worried about the single purpose tool labor, the person that is not able to be retrained well, because that's not the culture they grew up in. They didn't value education there, you know? But hey, I walk down New York City streets today, a lot of people swing and sledge hammers and dig in dirt. There'll be plenty of things to be done. It's just if you have a single if you're that high or gal in the call center in Bangladesh. Woo. I hope you can find someone else. Mark Sanor  02:45Okay, so Maisie, also introduce yourself. And again, what scares, excites, insights. Maisy Ng  02:53Hi. My name is May Z. I'm founder, managing partner of the light capital. We're VC head quarter in Singapore. We're now doing our second fund, the first invest in Southeast Asia tech companies that celebrate the UN SDGs. The second fund will invest in AI companies across the AI tech stack. We're really excited about this opportunity because, I mean, AI is like a tech East dream, right? So, because it's so revolutionary, the same O, same o doesn't work anymore. We need a whole new class of semi conductors, data center technologies, new software that will empower new applications. So this is, we think it's like, I think the aircraft guy, this is once in 100 years as well. So, and what excites me, I think, well, the sort of paradigm shift that AI brings, it enables us humans to do things we never thought was possible. And initially, for example, when deep mine was started, it started by trying to play chess. And initially it basically took all the grand master strategies and train the software to play like a grand master. And so it played against grand masters, and they win some and they lose some, and then they decide, okay, fine, we just tell the computer, these are the rules, and you just go play. And because computers can basically, you know, like, work really fast, they could play, like, a million games overnight, and very soon they learn how to play. And then they did this go, which is a far more complex game than chess, and just by playing against itself, they found new strategies that Grand Masters would not think of like in the chess game. They be sacrificing pieces, left, right and Sanor, and then they win. And people just can't understand how they did that. And a couple of days ago, I read this article about scientists using AI to design basically micro wave circuits, and they said that the design that comes out looks really weird. It's not something that an engineer would design, because it's not something you've been taught in school. But so it looks really weird. Doesn't look like a circuit board, but apparently it worked better than any other circuit. So I think that is opportunity that we can have with AI. What? What scares me a bit to what Zoe said. I mean, someone once said that basically, software would eat the world. So guess what? Ai. Eat the software. And to Ben's point, people will lose jobs, and this is a major program shift. Some of the jobs aren't ever coming back, and so you gonna have, like, massive layoffs, and what people are gonna do so the consumption will drop, because people just don't have jobs they can spend. So I think the governments and the companies need to know and try to plan ahead, because the core, I guess, social compound we have capitalism is that if you make money as a capitalist, you are supposed to invest the money to create more jobs, build factories. But what we saw in the past decades is that people who made money from outsourcing globalization, they didn't build more factories. They did hire more workers. What did they do? They bought Yach, they bought art. And so all this rent seeking behavior didn't help the economy, and that is a problem. So if you take AI, that's going to be like compounded a train in times exponentially. So I think companies need to be aware of that. Governments need to be aware of that. It may be that we have to do either tax on robots or UBI just to what people picking up. Pitch Fox, Mark Sanor  06:00okay, let Alex go next. Alex Zhuk  06:05Thank you, Mark. Thank you for having me. Great to see all of you. I'm going to give you a very short introduction by myself, because I haven't met many of you. I'm a founder of an AI company that uses satellites to map the environmental footprint of every farm on the planet to help ensure food security through resilience, but also decarbonize agriculture, which is the second largest emitting sector in the world. I'm also on the side involved in critical mission asset development, primarily energy solutions and data centers, starting with building a digital twin of the electrical grid, because it's becoming very hard to connect to it, as many of now, in terms of an insight that I think hasn't been shared by these experts near me, I think we are under appreciating, or at least I did for a very long time, the way in which industries that have been established as part of humanity's operation for 1000s of years will be disrupted. So I work in agriculture. We've been farming in a mechanized, or at least structured manner for centuries, but you could argue 1000s of years we are actually for writing of climate reasons, but also just the way we've been farming since the 19th century, are on track to erode the size of arable land. It's about the size of Latin America, which puts in tricky position, especially with a growing global population, right? What do you mean by a road? So the way we farm, we've been farming for past 100 years is we've been blank to chemicals non stop on the soil, mechanically turning it over same crops. And what we found recently is that process over time kills us well. Now the question is, how do you deal with that? One way is to improve how we've been farming before. So precision agriculture, but you know, there's a completely different paradigm on hand, right? So, much like a century ago, in order to get a diamond, you would go down a mine shaft, you would dig it up, you would clean it, you process it, you ship it over. Now you can start with a kernel of carbon and grow it, right? Similarly, for example, with meat, we're getting to a point where we can grow real patties that are juicy, feel more or less the same taste and a real meat in a lab, what the consumption and the water and the energy needed to raise through animals at scale. So I think it's an opportunity in that AI can provide real resource abundance and a quality of life for each and one of us in terms of volume, that is fundamentally different from how we've been approaching it as humanity for hundreds of years. The question comes back to actually something you mentioned and several other panelists, which is, how do we tackle the social question, and how do we deal with the tension if the haves, if the gap between the haves and the have nots increases far greater than we've seen before. Mark Sanor  09:17So thank you, Alex, somewhat hopeful, maybe, maybe. Zoe, you're now on an AI panel. If you stick around, you could be on a health tech panel. What are your thoughts on on AI specifically scary and exciting. I Zoe Cruz  09:35mean, to me, this young man is Exhibit A why it all is going to be very good again. My concern is the transition. And right now, the way we allocate capital to wonderful things like AI is in at the traditional paradigm, which is, you know, stocks and bonds go up if x. Why, you see, there's a paradigm. I went and re read actually, and that's where AI is helpful. There is a book that was written in 1955 and it's basically the Structure of Scientific Revolutions. And it was the first time they talked about paradigm shifts. And in that they said scientists do a lot of work in a particular paradigm, and then Copernicus says, no, no, no, the sun doesn't go around the Earth. It's the other way around. That's a paradigm shift. So you do something different. So for me right now, as my 29 year old son says, technology exists to take the carbon out of the air to even get these meteorites to go off. The technology exists. How do you deal with the existing capitalist model, where you have existing capital allocated to things that will go to zero? So I do believe this is something spectacular and exciting, but I can't put the two and two together. That comes up with four in terms of regular transition. And you know, one of the things I said to my son, because the world is now run by HEPA gene octogenarians, never mind heptogenarians, why don't you guys get more involved? I mean, he's a brilliant young man. He started evolutionary biology. He plays the classical piano. He should get involved. And you know what he said? Talk about socio economic issues. What's the point? We have to wait until you guys die off. Now he didn't mean me, but hopefully, but Mark Sanor  11:42so we were in Germany at a round table, and apparently there's, there's legislation afoot to reduce or incentivize you to reduce voting at later ages. So you've sort of heard the panel, if you guys want to make some comments. But otherwise, I started opening Ben Narasin  12:04it up to comment on something I very much disagree with. Maisie. I don't think the evidence is that people are greedy, venal yacht buyers. I think it's quite the opposite look at so I look spend a lot of time in trucking space. Trucking is the number one job in the world by head count, although nobody wants to do it anymore, and there's an issue with aging out, etc, etc. But I was very concerned for a long time, because I was also looking at autonomous trucks and the massive displacement number one job in the world by head count, it should be done by machines. Okay, these people are out of work over time. So I started looking backwards. And one of the great example. See what the very one of the very first commercialized robots was the card scanner at the gas station. Now, if you're unfortunate enough to live in New Jersey and drive a car, you are in one of two states that unions which, by the way, I could not despise an entity more than I despise union. So please, no union leaders here have insisted that a human being pump your gas, an incredibly inefficient experience that drives me insane whenever I'm forced to deal with it. By the way, yesterday I was in a apartment. We were looking at buying an apartment here, and they have a man who pushes the button in the elevator like talk about it doesn't matter how much we do, the unions will make sure people have ridiculously stupid jobs and get paid. So anyway, what happened with all that great wealth that was created because now they didn't have to employ people to pump the gas in 48 states the United States, did people just stick with what they were doing? Absolutely not. They created what is now known as the convenience store when you go to a gas station, instead of just having gas pumps, which back then was all there was, maybe a counter with gum and candy, full fledged stores with all kinds of food and drinks and slushies, those stores ended up employing more people than the gas station attendant jobs represented same thing with the ATM everybody said, Oh my God, all these banks, the tellers ought to work more banks today than there Were with ATMs. I Mark Sanor  13:59think maisie's Point was different, because and Esther again, Esther Dyson asked, What billionaires, you know, have become better people in the last 1020, years, some have, but we, of Ben Narasin  14:13course, remind me, exaggerates you. It doesn't change you. Rashmi Joshi  14:18Hi. Thanks for that. I have actually three questions, so you might have to come back to me in a bit, but I'm curious, as an AI founder myself, what industries or new verticals Do you feel like are going to be established as a by factor or a consequence of us getting rid of all of these mundane tasks and grunt work type of jobs? Alex Zhuk  14:42Sure, happy to so the near term industry that has gone from, I would say, sort of in the shadows, a little bit boring, to very exciting. That was obviously energy. So we're realizing that if we're in a race at international level, we. Can't afford to lose, to concentrate now, as to how do we power these machines, both to train the models, but also humanoids, once automation is commercialized, which we're seeing happening very rapidly, that's exciting. How that will be solved, whether it's nuclear, whether it's other source of energy, is a guessing game, but that's a very exciting space. We haven't seen this growth infrastructure in decades. Personally. You know, I mentioned example of how we can similar to how we can synthesize proteins for medicine, create new foods, right? So, there is a company that was able to create cow free milk, and they tasked an AI to come up with ingredients that would when combined, taste, smell and feel like milk. And when you know, you might wonder what those ingredients were. Those were pineapple and strawberries, right? So ingredients are completely unintuitive to the human mind, that when combined, we're able to synthesize something that we want to consume. And I think we'll see that across food, I think we'll see that across health care. Mark Sanor  16:03But those are interesting vectors. But I think your question was the people, sort of your earlier point about job, you know, people who are going to be out of out of jobs, was your question like, Where will they be going? Where should they be where's the puck going for people? Is that it Alex Zhuk  16:20very difficult question for me to ask Mark, I would say the best bet would be for the verticals that are growing the fastest, Mark Sanor  16:29or maybe this goes back to Steven SPI about education. Anyone else want to answer that skill set Speaker 1  16:38would be, oh, I will cycle into something different, maybe more productive, just like, Well, Ben Narasin  16:41that was a great example. One of my one of my founders, made the point we brought a YPO group in, and he said, you know, you were talking about farming before the Civil War, 90% of the US population farmed. So we have seen a massive wipe out of an entire population of workers before it was all of America, but then they moved to cities. And guess what? When you're on a farm, you don't cut you cut your own hair. So all kinds of jobs were created that didn't exist when we had a mono culture of farming as the primary job, hair cutter, barber being one, and there were infinitely more. I think, by the way, if we could answer your question, we wouldn't tell you, because we'd be investing in at least two of us would be investing in it right now to get ahead of it. Yeah, well, yeah, I'm you must not have met many VCs, because we're very greedy in the first round to get all the ownership we can. That's the only chance we get. But it's, I think it's unpredictable, but I'm not worried that it won't happen. I think that, look, we have been through this before. The difference is that this is the first time software ever attacked the labor force instead of just process. But the labor force has been attacked many, many times. I mean, the Luddites are obviously the most commonly quoted example. But you know, it's like labor is lake water. It flows to the place it's needed. I do have material concern about, I'll just say, because I'm not gonna go too deep and dark here certain populations that might not have the historic advantage of or desire to reinvest in their own education. And I think that sometimes it's unrealistic for highly educated people to believe that everybody can be re educated, and that they'll even want to be and so where does that end up going? But here you want hope there's 100,000 unfilled jobs the United States right now in construction that are paying over $100,000 it's a good place to start. There's many places where jobs are unfilled. And lastly, a lot of the AI will augment people's ability and take over jobs that aren't filled, that are wanted and needed. As someone once said, You're not at threat of a of being your job being taken by AI. You're at threat of somebody that's better of using AI, taking your job. Maisy Ng  19:01I think I might have mis understood your question. So if you allow me, I'll give you a misunderstood answer. So I think there's, I mean, AI could be used also for, like robotics. So for example, I think, you know, we have really seen from Boston Dynamics that like dancing robots, but that isn't too useful for most of us. You don't buy a dancing robot. But a couple days ago, I saw this really interesting video. I think it's a US company that has basically built robots that can be used for domestic work. So can you imagine a robot that cleans your house? And this one was cool. So there's like two humanoid robots and standing side by side, and basically the owner comes in and gives them a bag of groceries, and the robot just look at them, and they sort it out. And if they took up a ketchup and they know its ketchup, they put at the top shelf of the fridge, they open it and they see there's eggs. And one robot picks up the eggs very gently, hands it to the other robot, who then puts it in the fridge. I mean, that's pretty cool, because you need computer vision. You also need an LL. Am, and you know, you can train a domestic robot for all scenarios, right? So the robot has to know that if it's an egg, you handle carefully, and this may be a quills egg, so he would know to the LLM that is a quills egg, it's an egg, so I handle it gently as well, so that, I think would bring tremendous, I mean, advantage for us, because nobody wants, you know, to do housework these days. Can I Rashmi Joshi  20:20just piggyback off that for a Mark Sanor  20:24second? One second, piggyback on the mic. Rashmi Joshi  20:27So as humanoid robots become more and more similar to us, let's say I can build you a robot that would be your perfect husband or partner, right? And it's indistinguishable from the real thing. Maisy Ng  20:44I think I can distinguish that Rashmi Joshi  20:47today, sure, but maybe five years from now, maybe not, right? So my question is, then, what is the value in being human? Maisy Ng  20:57I think we still have a soul, which I don't think that. I mean, we could probably train the robots at some point, but I don't know, it's a tough question to answer. So I think, I mean, that's something that we had discussed internally as well. I mean, so do we teach robots about, you know, like life after life and so forth? I mean, do do when you Mark Sanor  21:17say So internally? I mean, your fund internally discuss this friends Maisy Ng  21:20and within the partners and so what it means to be human, and basically, what do we need to teach, you know, the robots and so forth. So I don't know. I mean, it's an honest answer. I really don't know good to see how it goes, Zoe Cruz  21:33because I'm gonna leave after this. Are you gonna drop the mic and just go? What an amazing question, in the sense that, first of all, the idea that I'm going to have this made in my home, this robot that I can't control, that somebody else actually can control, I don't know that I'm going to get to that dysfunction. To me, we're not again, we don't need we can take off the table. How amazing AI is going to be. Let's take it. It's not. You don't need to argue it. It's going to be amazing. Okay, the land of plenty. This thing about human beings, my experience at Morgan Stanley was, if you in the ability of human beings to do amazing things if you inspired them, is mind boggling. If you inspired them, that's what humanity is. And so this idea that we're going to replace human beings, you're going to build me the perfect partner. No, thank you. What I want to ask again, of all of us, why is it that we talk in terms of the stakeholder? We're talking about is the shareholder of a company that's going to make a lot of money because they're going to fire employees, and therefore productivity is going to go up, and therefore you're going to be rich. That's basically the discussion. Yes. Now the old capitalist system that I started growing up in as a young, you know, graduate of a business school was you had three stakeholders as a company, shareholders at the head of the que, clearly, your employees and your community, those were the stakeholders. And I think how we got to the only stakeholder in any kind of for profit organization is your equity holders. Is what stops us from doing inspiring things. I'm not inspired to be rich or they say the shroud has no pockets, so when you're six feet under, it doesn't matter whether you are multi billionaire or sent a millionaire. Did your life make a difference? So with that, sorry. 23:53Thank you. Ben Narasin  23:54Just one comment on humanoid robots. I mean, Japan has been trying to do humanoid robots for decades. It is not clear that human beings want them, and I'm looking think about your eggs, example. So what's better a humanoid with two hands and two feet, or an octopod, pod like creature that has eight you know, building for functionality will ultimately so you'll go back to one thing. You wanna know, it really scares me. So I was a writer for 10 years. I got a lot of freelance of freelance writing. I want to write a science fiction book on the following. Jump forward 10 years. Quantum works. Okay? I don't know how many of you spent time looking at Quantum. We have no flipping clue what it can do, right? It changes everything. And the only thing we worry about is end point, security. Well, how about literally everything else? It's things differently than human beings find ways to do things that we would never consider okay. So now we're 10 years forward. We're at chat GPT 10. Now someone express some optimism that China and the United States would get together for some positive Oh, hallelujah moment, which, yeah, good luck with. That I'll take 10 to one odds against it happening. China wants to replace us, not to be our buddy. So now you take chi and you take Putin. They, you know, probably two of the richest people on the planet, considering certainly how Putin has raped this country of its capital. And they each put a half a trillion dollars in a bucket, and they build out the largest data farm in the world that runs entirely quantum computing. And they bring in all the best people who, by the way, if they don't perform, get a bullet in their head and get buried in the back yard. And they get them to run the newest issues of chat, GPT, and they ask that system, that trillion dollar system, do just one thing, figure out how to destroy the United States. That's what I worry about. I hope we can stay strong enough that we have a really good chance. And while I'm not a political person and we, you know, the pendulum is a nightmare, we will spend well on defense. We will allow AI to flourish. And if we're not a leader, we have a very good chance of being a distant 12th 10 years from Mark Sanor  25:57now. And what's your last thought, Alex, actually, you're going to stick around because you do AG, so the panel you originally on, you'll stay, you'll stay for and rash me is going to come up along with Chris, and we're at two. This is why there's an AI for that. There's not an AI for my glasses. 229, so last, any last questions or thoughts for AI? Yes, sorry, David, Speaker 2  26:27so Alex, love what you doing. The thought is, you know, 50 years ago, there's probably people in a room, and they were talking about how spectacular we'd gotten at crop farming and the use of these fertilizers and this mechanization, all the stuff that's now proven problematic at that point seen ground breaking. What are your views on how we've grown in terms of thinking about the how of technology and being able to mitigate for all of because everything has trade off, so everything has unforeseen circumstances. Are we just plowing ahead, same as we did 6070, years ago, expecting perfect results, when actually we've seen that. That doesn't often happen. That's Alex Zhuk  27:06a fantastic point. And to give context to that comment, you know that process, which is the HP process, which allowed us to manufacture these chemicals for farm and very cheap and scalable, did prevent famines, and, you know, solved a lot of issues at the time were post World War Two, especially, really pressing. I think today, there's a component of that, which is, there are problems we can see in the near term, and it's extremely appealing to solve those at the expense of, you know, something we will have to figure out later down the line. And I will also compound on the comment I've heard earlier I can remember who mentioned it, which is that both great powers Today, China and America, realize that in particular, the AI race is the new nuclear race, and it's a race neither one of them can totally afford to lose, and the importance of which supersedes profits. So you combine that dynamic with where we today, and I don't see not only any one of us stopping, but how we could, even in the in national interest, slow down our progress given the dynamic internationally. Hope that answers your question, do you Mark Sanor  28:22want to hit that or you good. There's one other thing that I think you all should know. You all know open ai, llms, just give, give 3060, seconds on, on pricing model, Maisy Ng  28:34right? Yeah, we are investing in a new company that does the world's first large pricing model. So basically, there's lot of content in the world, but there's no price on it. So this company has figured out a way how to price different content. So just like you train an LLM with text input, I mean, with lots of text, so that you can figure out, using transformer model, what's the probability of the next word, and therefore, in doing so, be a performance sentence and reply to a query. So basically, LM has been trained on copious amounts of text to give you an answer when you input a tax query. So what these guys have done is, again, they've trained the large pricing model on a huge amount of content. And instead of figuring out a tax output, what it does is, when then confronted with a content input, it can then spit out the monetary value of that content. And so the use is immense. Because right now, if imagine, if I go to farmers market that was sharing this angle, we don't have time for the farmers market, but they can price any content. Mark Sanor  29:31But the point is this, this is, yeah, this is another new frontier that I think, is talk to talk. We'll be having round tables very soon. So thank you to this panel. We appreciate it. Alex, stay I'm joined our 361 firm community of investors and thought leaders. We have a lot of events created by the community as we collaborate on investments and philanthropic interests. Join us. You. You can subscribe to various 361 events and content at https://361firm.com/subs. For reference: Web: www.361firm.com/homeOnboard as Investor: https://361.pub/shortdiagOnboard Deals 361: www.361firm.com/onbOnboard as Banker: www.361firm.com/bankersEvents: www.361firm.com/eventsContent: www.youtube.com/361firmWeekly Digests: www.361firm.com/digest

The first part of my discussion of the differing visions of science and how scientific knowledge "grows" (or not) according to Thomas Kuhn vs Karl Popper as outlined in this chapter of "The Beginning of Infinity". Kuhn's "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" explains the concept of a "paradigm" and "paradigm shifts" comparing "revolutionary" and "normal" periods of science. Kuhn's work remains the most cited in the social sciences and so far more people - especially in academia - are familiar with his work that Popper's. What explains this? What does Kuhn have to say? And what does a "critical rationalist" perspective on the growth of knowledge have to say in response to Kuhn?

Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the following Enlightenment. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, achieved the first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics. While Newton pioneered the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint for centuries, his first love was religious studies, specifically the issue of The Trinity, which he vehemently opposed in his secret writings. Peer down the telescope as Joel focuses on the hidden side of Isaac Newton's battle with the Catholic Church and what he deemed as the false doctrine of The Trinity. He then lays out the conflict between Athanasius and Arius, in which Newton took the side of Arius, who rejected the view of the Three in One. Joel then breaks down the Johannine Comma, which is the Trinity's most clear-cut verse, and whether or not it should have been included in the Bible. Buy Me A Coffee: Donate Website: https://linktr.ee/joelthomasmedia Follow: Instagram | X | Facebook Watch: YouTube | Rumble Music: YouTube | Spotify | Apple Music Films: merkelfilms.com Email: freetherabbitspodcast@gmail.com Distributed by: merkel.media Produced by: @jack_theproducer INTRO MUSIC Joel Thomas - Free The Rabbits YouTube | Apple Music | Spotify OUTRO MUSIC Joel Thomas - Spinning YouTube | Apple Music | Spotify

Today's episode is about a revolution that took centuries to happen if it ever really happened at all: The Scientific Revolution. David talks to historian of science Simon Schaffer about what changed in human understanding – and what didn't – in the age of Galileo and Newton. Was the new science a revolution of ideas or of practices? What did it mean for the hold of religious and political authority? Who or what were the driving forces behind it? And did the people who lived through it realise what was happening? Out now on PPF+: David's conversation with Alec Ryrie about Jean Calvin, who may have been the Reformation's true revolutionary. What was Calvinism and how did it change the world? To get this and all our bonus episodes plus ad-free listening sign up now to PPF+ https://www.ppfideas.com/join-ppf-plus Tickets are available now for PPF Live at the Bath Curious Minds Festival: join us on Saturday 29th March to hear David in conversation with Robert Saunders about the legacy of Winston Churchill: The Politician with Nine Lives https://bit.ly/42GPp3X Next Time on the History of Revolutionary Ideas: The English Revolutions (part one): The Civil War Past Present Future is part of the Airwave Podcast Network Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to the 106th edition podcast of Women's Liberation Radio News. First up, hear aurora linnea greet the listener before handing the mic to Mary O'Neill for women's news from around the world. Next, enjoy the song "Heaven is a Place on Earth" an old 80's pop favored re-imagined by Allison Lorenzen. After the song, stay tuned for excerpts of a LIVE round table discussion the WLRN team held on January 11th with aurora to discuss her book, Man Against Being: Body Horror & the Death of Life. Finally, enjoy this month's commentary from WLRN team member Margaret Moss who speaks to us about how human society is organized around serving the alpha males, something we should have left behind long ago in our journey here on earth. To learn more about ecofeminism, aurora has put together a list of books and articles to explore published below. AN ECOFEMINIST READING LIST This list does not claim nor attempt to be comprehensive; instead it is meant as a primer for readers keen to delve into ecofeminist theory. Jane Caputi The Age of Sex Crime (1987) Gossip, Gorgons & Crones: The Fates of the Earth (1993) Goddesses and Monsters: Women, Myth, Power, and Popular Culture (2004) Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (1962) Andree Collard with Joyce Contrucci, Rape of the Wild: Man's Violence Against Animals and the Earth (1989) Irene Diamond, Fertile Ground: Women, Earth, and the Limits of Control (1994) Francoise d'Eaubonne, Feminism or Death: How the Women's Movement Can Save the Planet (1974) Greta Gaard, Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens (1998) Susan Griffin Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her (1978) Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature (1981) The Eros of Everyday Life: Essays on Ecology, Gender and Society (1995) Susan Hawthorne Wild Politics (2002) Vortex: The Crisis of Patriarchy (2020) Marti Kheel, Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective (2007) Freya Mathews, Reinhabiting Reality: Towards a Recovery of Culture (2005) Carolyn Merchant The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution (1980) Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World (1992) Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture (2003) Val Plumwood, Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (1993) Rosemary Radford Ruether, New Woman, New Earth: Sexist Ideologies and Human Liberation (1975) Ariel Salleh, Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx and the Postmodern (1997) Vandana Shiva Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development (1988) Monocultures of the Mind (1993) Oneness Vs. the 1%: Shattering Illusions, Seeding Freedom (2018) Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies, Ecofeminism (1993) Charlene Spretnak, The Resurgence of the Real: Body, Nature and Place in a Hypermodern World (1999) Karen Warren Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature (1997) Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What it Is and Why it Matters (2000) ANTHOLOGIES Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth, eds. Leonie Caldecott and Stephanie Leland (1984) Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism, ed. Judith Plant (1989) Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism, eds. Irene Diamond & Gloria Orenstein (1990) Ecofeminism and the Sacred, ed. Carol Adams (1993) Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature, ed. Greta Gaard (1993) Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations, eds. Carol Adams and Josephine Donovan (1995) Ecofeminism: Feminist Intersections with Other Animals and the Earth, ed. Carol Adams (2014)

Katy's new book 'I Know I Should Exercise, But... ' Presale View This Episode's Show Notes Join Our Newsletter: Movement Colored Glasses Katy's Virtual Studio In recent years there has been significant backlash against the idea that posture is related to good health. Join biomechanist Katy Bowman and biologist Jeannette Loram for a philosophical, historical and biological journey into the controversies around posture. Katy and Jeannette discuss whether posture is really a thing; is ‘good' posture important or does your body work just fine regardless of how you hold it? Have we simply inherited postural ideals that are remnants of cultural, social and political baggage? Katy and Jeannette tease this out by discussing definitions of posture, the history of postural ideals and the difficulty in relating pain to posture. They turn to extreme examples of posture and Katy's work in alignment to offer a more nuanced perspective on posture and physical experience in terms of load to tissues over time. Books & Articles MentionedThe Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn The Rise and Fall of American Posture by David Yosifon & Peter N. Stearns My Perfect Movement Plan by Katy BowmanMade Possible by Our Dynamic Collective of Wonderful Sponsors Movemate; dynamic active standing boards that invite movement and play into your workday, without disrupting your workflow; Smart Playrooms, design and products to keep your kids engaged and active at home; Correct Toes, soft silicone toe spacers that can be worn barefoot or in shoes; Wildling, minimal footwear for toddlers, kids and adults made from natural materials; Venn Design: beautiful floor cushions and ball seats that keep you moving at home or at the office; and Peluva Five-toe minimalist sports shoes ideal for higher impact activities. Thoughts/questions email us at podcast@nutritiousmovement.com Your Voice on the Podcast: Read The Credits 

SPACEX/BLUE ORIGIN DAILY REUSABLE TURNAROUND CAN DELIVER A SELF-SUSTAINED MARS COLONY.  1/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 2006 MOLDOVA/GAGARIN

SPACEX/BLUE ORIGIN DAILY REUSABLE TURNAROUND CAN DELIVER A SELF-SUSTAINED MARS COLONY.  2/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1886 JULES VERNE "ROBUR THE CONQUEROR"

SPACEX/BLUE ORIGIN DAILY REUSABLE TURNAROUND CAN DELIVER A SELF-SUSTAINED MARS COLONY.  3/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1886 JULES VERNE "ROBUR THE CONQUEROR"

SPACEX/BLUE ORIGIN DAILY REUSABLE TURNAROUND CAN DELIVER A SELF-SUSTAINED MARS COLONY.  4/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1886 JULES VERNE "ROBUR THE CONQUEROR"

Tom and Nate sit down for a classic discussion of the role of AI in the modern philosophy of science. Much of this discussion is based on Thomas Samuel Kuhn's influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. We ask -- is AI a science in the Kuhn'ian sense? Will the "paradigm" worldview apply to other sciences post AI? How will scientific institutions manage the addition of AI?We promised an AI for science reading list, so here it is:[Dario interview with Lex] https://youtu.be/ugvHCXCOmm4?si=1hnlvue8M4pV2TqCLevers for biological progress https://open.substack.com/pub/cell/p/levers?r=68gy5&utm_medium=iosX thread on theories of change in scienceshttps://x.com/AdamMarblestone/status/1845158919523664019whitepaper linked by seb krierDwarkesh physics pod https://open.substack.com/pub/dwarkesh/p/adam-brown?r=68gy5&utm_medium=ios — Nobel in physics went to aiAi policy perspectives piece A new golden age of discoveryhttps://www.aipolicyperspectives.com/p/a-new-golden-age-of-discoveryOwl posting checking recent NeurIPS papers https://www.owlposting.com/p/can-o1-preview-find-major-mistakes based on idea from Ethan Mollick https://x.com/emollick/status/1868329599438037491also another post on the subject https://open.substack.com/pub/amistrongeryet/p/the-black-spatula-project?r=68gy5&utm_medium=iosKuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutionsintrinsic perspective https://open.substack.com/pub/erikhoel/p/great-scientists-follow-intuition?r=68gy5&utm_medium=iosGet The Retort (https://retortai.com/)…… on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheRetortAIPodcast… on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0FDjH8ujv7p8ELZGkBvrfv?si=fa17a4d408f245ee… on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-retort-ai-podcast/id1706223190… Follow Interconnects: https://www.interconnects.ai/… email us: mail@retortai.com

******Support the channel****** Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao   ******Follow me on****** Website: https://www.thedissenter.net/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedissenteryt/ Twitter: https://x.com/TheDissenterYT   This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/   Andrea Zagaria is a PhD student at the University of Trento, Italy. His research interests include psychopathology and theoretical psychology. His research is informed by cultural evolutionary theory.   In this episode, we discuss whether evolutionary psychology is a scientific revolution, as claimed by David Buss. We start by talking about the trends and prominence of four major schools of thought in scientific Psychology (neuroscience, cognitivism, behaviorism, and psychoanalysis), and we discuss why scientific psychology is a nonparadigmatic discipline, and the issue of insularity of psychological subdisciplines. We then discuss what a scientific revolution is, and whether evolutionary psychology is one. We also talk about cultural evolutionary theory, and the study of meaning and sense-making. Finally, we discuss the primary topics of study in evolutionary psychology, and whether psychology can become a paradigmatic discipline in the future. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: PER HELGE LARSEN, JERRY MULLER, BERNARDO SEIXAS, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, PHIL KAVANAGH, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, FERGAL CUSSEN, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, ROMAIN ROCH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, NELLEKE BAK, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, SCOTT, ZACHARY FISH, TIM DUFFY, SUNNY SMITH, JON WISMAN, WILLIAM BUCKNER, PAUL-GEORGE ARNAUD, LUKE GLOWACKI, GEORGIOS THEOPHANOUS, CHRIS WILLIAMSON, PETER WOLOSZYN, DAVID WILLIAMS, DIOGO COSTA, ANTON ERIKSSON, ALEX CHAU, AMAURI MARTÍNEZ, CORALIE CHEVALLIER, BANGALORE ATHEISTS, LARRY D. LEE JR., OLD HERRINGBONE, MICHAEL BAILEY, DAN SPERBER, ROBERT GRESSIS, IGOR N, JEFF MCMAHAN, JAKE ZUEHL, BARNABAS RADICS, MARK CAMPBELL, TOMAS DAUBNER, LUKE NISSEN, KIMBERLY JOHNSON, JESSICA NOWICKI, LINDA BRANDIN, NIKLAS CARLSSON, GEORGE CHORIATIS, VALENTIN STEINMANN, PER KRAULIS, KATE VON GOELER, ALEXANDER HUBBARD, BR, MASOUD ALIMOHAMMADI, JONAS HERTNER, URSULA GOODENOUGH, DAVID PINSOF, SEAN NELSON, MIKE LAVIGNE, JOS KNECHT, ERIK ENGMAN, LUCY, YHONATAN SHEMESH, MANVIR SINGH, PETRA WEIMANN, PEDRO BONILLA, CAROLA FEEST, STARRY, MAURO JÚNIOR, 航 豊川, AND TONY BARRETT! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, TOM VANEGDOM, BERNARD HUGUENEY, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, THOMAS TRUMBLE, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, JONCARLO MONTENEGRO, AL NICK ORTIZ, NICK GOLDEN, AND CHRISTINE GLASS! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, BOGDAN KANIVETS, ROSEY, AND GREGORY HASTINGS!

In this episode of Cool People Big Ideas, Lauren Walker sits down with Rupert Sheldrake to discuss his groundbreaking theory of morphic resonance, which explores how living beings are connected across time and space. They talk about how Rupert's work challenges conventional scientific ideas, shedding light on phenomena like telepathy and animal instincts that many mainstream scientists dismiss. Rupert offers a simple explanation of his theory and provides real-world examples of how morphic fields influence everything from human behavior to communication between animals. He also clarifies the often-misunderstood Double Slit experiment, offering a clear perspective that sets the record straight. This conversation gives listeners a new understanding of Rupert's work and how it might shift our view of the world.The views and opinions expressed by guests on the Energy Works podcast do not necessarily reflect those of the Energy Works hosts or Energy Medicine Yoga employees.What You'll Learn:- The key ideas behind Rupert Sheldrake's morphic resonance theory.- How Rupert's theories challenge mainstream scientific beliefs.- Practical examples of how morphic resonance plays out in everyday life.- A clearer understanding of the Double Slit experiment and its true implications.- How Rupert's work connects science with common human experiences.Key Moments:- Rupert explains the concept of morphic resonance and its potential to change our understanding of science.- How Rupert's work challenges traditional views in science, particularly around phenomena like telepathy and intuition.- The connection between morphic fields and how animals and humans share unspoken knowledge.- Rupert offers a clear, simplified explanation of the Double Slit experiment and why it matters.- Real-world applications of Rupert's theories, from animal behavior to human communication.You can learn more about Rupert Sheldrake at his website www.sheldrake.org and his YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/RupertSheldrakePhD 

You have probably seen the picture of Earth taken by the Voyager I satellite on Valentine's Day in 1990. It looks like nothing more than a little pixel, just a tiny point of light hanging in a beam of sunlight, like a mote of dust. Long before NASA presented this iconic image to the public, however, the late Medieval poet Dante had imagined the Earth would appear as a mere point of light in comparison to the rest of the cosmos. Many Medieval thinkers had gifted and extraordinary insights into the nature of reality, many of which laid the foundation for modern science in the West. Contrary to popular belief, the Medieval Era was a fruitful time of innovation and invention. This week, we continue to dispel some modern misconception about Medievals with author and historian James Hannam. James Hannam is a historian of the relationship between religion and science in the United Kingdom. He is the author of God's Philosophers - How the Medieval World Laid the Foundations of Modern Science (published in the US as The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution) and The Globe: How the Earth Became Round. James is also a full-time tax consultant. You can find out more about James and his work on his website: www.JamesHannam.com.Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast: Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Scientism by Dr. Luke Barnes and Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Scientism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Naturalism by Daniel Ray.: www.watchman.org/Naturalism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Astrology by Marcia Montenegro: www.watchman.org/Astrology Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Richard Dawkins by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Dawkins Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo Additional ResourcesFREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook. SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

You have likely heard the term "the Dark Ages" to describe the period of history from about 450 A.D. to 1450 A.D. And you have likely heard a historian or science popularizer or two suggest that it was primarily the Christian Church of the time which was the root cause of suppressing true scientific knowledge of the physical cosmos. Medievals were ignorant, superstitious, and didn't do much of anything scientifically significant for nearly a thousand years. Our guest this week, author and historian James Hannam, says that this disparaging caricature of the Medieval Era is entirely wrong. This week's episode tackles the influence of Aristotle, the development of the university, and the idea of purpose in Medieval natural philosophy. James Hannam is a historian of the relationship between religion and science in the United Kingdom. He is the author of God's Philosophers - How the Medieval World Laid the Foundations of Modern Science (published in the US as The Genesis of Science: How the Christian Middle Ages Launched the Scientific Revolution) and The Globe: How the Earth Became Round. James is also a full-time tax consultant. You can find out more about James and his work on his website: www.JamesHannam.com.Related Links: Access additional Watchman Fellowship resources related to this week's podcast: Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Scientism by Dr. Luke Barnes and Daniel Ray: www.watchman.org/Scientism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Naturalism by Daniel Ray.: www.watchman.org/Naturalism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Astrology by Marcia Montenegro: www.watchman.org/Astrology Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Richard Dawkins by Dr. Rhyne Putman: www.watchman.org/Dawkins Watchman Fellowship's complete Profile Notebook demo video: www.watchman.org/Demo Additional ResourcesFREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (around 700 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: www.watchman.org/notebook. SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

A huge thanks to Seth White for the awesome music!Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/thewayfourth/?modal=admin_todo_tourYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTd3KlRte86eG9U40ncZ4XA?view_as=subscriberInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/theway4th/ Kingdom Outpost: https://kingdomoutpost.org/My Reading List Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/21940220.J_G_ElliotSpotify Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/4VSvC0SJYwku2U0awRaNAu?si=3ad0b2fbed2e4864Mein Kampf: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/54270.Mein_Kampf?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=ovwYMtecRX&rank=1The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61539.The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=e1URNvJNzt&rank=1 Amusing Ourselves to Death: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/74034.Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=QflaH4J2oW&rank=1The Technological Society: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/274827.The_Technological_Society?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=rgzFLjmZo6&rank=2Propaganda: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/274826.Propaganda?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=MJ0Jt4z7sR&rank=1Taking the Risk out of Democracy: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1120159.Taking_the_Risk_Out_of_Democracy?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=ZxSDv6Pmbg&rank=1#Radio Free Dixie: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/448669.Radio_Free_Dixie?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=uGxfhd7aPn&rank=1Negroes with Guns: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/591966.Negroes_with_Guns?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=wQCrsAZi9K&rank=1War is a Racket: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/198259.War_is_a_Racket?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=RlES4OU70M&rank=1Ordinary Men: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/647492.Ordinary_Men?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=25su7U5vdK&rank=1They Thought They Were Free: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/978689.They_Thought_They_Were_Free?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=RWDbW6fePA&rank=1 The Art of War: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10534.The_Art_of_War?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=ROLaW6yH3C&rank=1How Europe Underdeveloped Africa: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40630.How_Europe_Underdeveloped_Africa?ac=1&from_search=true&qid=AQAMpj0Euk&rank=1The Internationalists: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30753784-the-internationalists?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=T6SzEBTOOH&rank=1My episode on the Internationalists: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/draft-117-independence-day-grotius-and-the-internationalistsThe Dawn of Everything: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/56269264-the-dawn-of-everything?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=kyjUybYn98&rank=1Sikes Picot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaPWlKv7n0YCongolese father stares at child's severed limbs: https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/father-hand-belgian-congo-1904/Apotheosis of Washington: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_WashingtonMarsh's Bonhoeffer: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18248389-strange-gloryBonhoeffer the Assassin: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17321394-bonhoeffer-the-assassin?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=azvmmkJ1uU&rank=1Metaxas's Bonhoeffer: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7501962-bonhoefferMetaxas: https://www.theamericanconservative.com/eric-metaxas-trump-bloodshed-american-apocalypse-live-not-by-lies/Bonhoeffer: https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2017/02/22/the-nazi-mind/ Hijacking Bonhoeffer: https://www.christiancentury.org/reviews/2010-09/hijacking-bonhoeffer Moltke not wanting to assassinate Hitler: https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2020-01-26/ty-article/.premium/the-evangelical-who-was-part-of-the-german-resistance-against-hitler/0000017f-e0d6-d75c-a7ff-fcdfd6010000Bonhoeffer's "Behold the Man!": https://swordofthespirit.net/wp-content/bulwark/february2016p4.htmMy Previous Bonhoeffer Episode Part 1: https://share.transistor.fm/s/a9fa9d76My Previous Episode Part 2: https://dashboard.transistor.fm/shows/the-fourth-way/episodes/47-se5-bonhoeffer-pacifist-or-assassin/edit Thanks to our monthly supporters Laverne Miller Jesse Killion ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

On today's ID the Future out of the vault, Biola University physicist John Bloom discusses his chapter in The Comprehensive Guide to Science and Faith, an anthology co-edited by host Casey Luskin. Bloom argues that while the Babylonians and Greeks contributed some discoveries and insights that would eventually play into the rise of science, science did not take off, was not born, until a cluster of crucial ideas drawn from the Judeo-Christian worldview infused Western thought. Only then did astrology become astronomy, alchemy become chemistry, and the great adventure of scientific discovery begin in earnest. Source

The definitive account of the great Bohr-Einstein debate and its continuing legacyIn 1927, Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein began a debate about the interpretation and meaning of the new quantum theory. This would become one of the most famous debates in the history of science. At stake were an understanding of the purpose, and defense of the integrity, of science. What (if any) limits should we place on our expectations for what science can tell us about physical reality?Our protagonists slowly disappeared from the vanguard of physics, as its centre of gravity shifted from a war-ravaged Continental Europe to a bold, pragmatic, post-war America. What Einstein and Bohr had considered to be matters of the utmost importance were now set aside. Their debate was regarded either as settled in Bohr's favour or as superfluous to real physics.But the debate was not resolved. The problems of interpretation and meaning persisted, at least in the minds of a few stubborn physicists, such as David Bohm and John Bell, who refused to stop asking awkward questions. The Bohr-Einstein debate was rejoined, now with a new set of protagonists, on a small scale at first. Through their efforts, the debate was revealed to be about physics after all. Their questions did indeed have answers that could be found in a laboratory. As quantum entanglement became a real physical phenomenon, whole new disciplines were established, such as quantum computing, teleportation, and cryptography. The efforts of the experimentalists were rewarded with shares in the 2022 Nobel prize in physics.As Quantum Drama reveals, science owes a large debt to those who kept the discussions going against the apathy and indifference of most physicists before definitive experimental inquiries became possible. Although experiment moved the Bohr-Einstein debate to a new level and drew many into foundational research, it has by no means removed or resolved the fundamental question. There will be no Nobel prize for an answer. That will not shut off discussion. Our Drama will continue beyond our telling of it and is unlikely to reach its final scene before science ceases or the world ends.Jim Baggott, Freelance science writer, John L. Heilbron, Professor Emeritus of History, University of California, Berkeley Jim Baggott is an award-winning science writer. Trained as a scientist in the Universities of Oxford and Stanford, and a former lecturer at the University of Reading, he has written popular books on science, philosophy, and history. His books include Quantum Reality (2020), Quantum Space (2018), Mass (2017), for which he won the 2020 Premio Cosmos prize, Higgs (2012), and The Quantum Story (2011). His books have been translated into a dozen different languages, and he has won awards both for his scientific research and his science writing. John L. Heilbron is Professor of History and Vice Chancellor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, as well as an Honorary Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. After training in physics, he studied history of science under T. S. Kuhn in the 1960s, when Kuhn was writing The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. He is the recipient of several prizes and honorary degrees from multiple universities. His books include The Incomparable Monsignor (2022), Niels Bohr: A Very Short Introduction (2020), Galileo (2012), and Love, Literature, and the Quantum Atom (with Finn Aaserund, 2013), on Bohr's 1913 trilogy of scientific papers.Buy the book from Wellington Square Bookshop - ​https://www.wellingtonsquarebooks.com/book/9780192846105

High Theory returns with a series of haunting concepts, places, and figures from our former guests. We asked folks to call in with something spookworthy (neologism!) from their fields – real or imagined specters, scary ideas, anything that could haunt, disorient, unsettle, horrify. And we got a full seance worth of ghosts. Listen if you dare! This episode features (in order of appearance) Abhishek Avtans on the Churail. He kindly gave us a transcript (we hope to have more transcripts soon!). You can hear more from Abhishek in his episode on Apabhraṃśa. Angelina Eimannsberger on the Reader. You can hear more from Angelina in her episode on JVN. Travis Chi Wing Lau on Mad Studies. You can hear more from Travis in his episode on Experimental Life. Mackenzie Cooley on the Scientific Revolution. You can hear more from Mackenzie in her episode on the Animal. Farah Bakaari on the Nation State. You can hear more from Farah in her episode on the Trace. Emma Heany on Communism and Empire. You can hear more from Emma in her episode on Sexual Difference. Sheila Liming on Nowhere and Forever. Sheila reads an excerpt from her article in progress on the contemporary gothic, under the working title, "Out of Time: Anti-Immediacy in Mark Jenkin's Enys Men.” You can hear more from Sheila in her episode on the Party. Sritama Chatterjee on Nature and Wilderness. You can hear more from Sritama in her episode on Off-Shore Aesthetics. John Linstrom on Liberty Hyde Bailey's Haunted Houses. You can hear more from John in his episodes on Nature Study and Ecosphere. The image for this episode features creepy red creatures on a dark green field. It was made by Saronik Bosu. Boo! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

High Theory returns with a series of haunting concepts, places, and figures from our former guests. We asked folks to call in with something spookworthy (neologism!) from their fields – real or imagined specters, scary ideas, anything that could haunt, disorient, unsettle, horrify. And we got a full seance worth of ghosts. Listen if you dare! This episode features (in order of appearance) Abhishek Avtans on the Churail. He kindly gave us a transcript (we hope to have more transcripts soon!). You can hear more from Abhishek in his episode on Apabhraṃśa. Angelina Eimannsberger on the Reader. You can hear more from Angelina in her episode on JVN. Travis Chi Wing Lau on Mad Studies. You can hear more from Travis in his episode on Experimental Life. Mackenzie Cooley on the Scientific Revolution. You can hear more from Mackenzie in her episode on the Animal. Farah Bakaari on the Nation State. You can hear more from Farah in her episode on the Trace. Emma Heany on Communism and Empire. You can hear more from Emma in her episode on Sexual Difference. Sheila Liming on Nowhere and Forever. Sheila reads an excerpt from her article in progress on the contemporary gothic, under the working title, "Out of Time: Anti-Immediacy in Mark Jenkin's Enys Men.” You can hear more from Sheila in her episode on the Party. Sritama Chatterjee on Nature and Wilderness. You can hear more from Sritama in her episode on Off-Shore Aesthetics. John Linstrom on Liberty Hyde Bailey's Haunted Houses. You can hear more from John in his episodes on Nature Study and Ecosphere. The image for this episode features creepy red creatures on a dark green field. It was made by Saronik Bosu. Boo! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

High Theory returns with a series of haunting concepts, places, and figures from our former guests. We asked folks to call in with something spookworthy (neologism!) from their fields – real or imagined specters, scary ideas, anything that could haunt, disorient, unsettle, horrify. And we got a full seance worth of ghosts. Listen if you dare! This episode features (in order of appearance) Abhishek Avtans on the Churail. He kindly gave us a transcript (we hope to have more transcripts soon!). You can hear more from Abhishek in his episode on Apabhraṃśa. Angelina Eimannsberger on the Reader. You can hear more from Angelina in her episode on JVN. Travis Chi Wing Lau on Mad Studies. You can hear more from Travis in his episode on Experimental Life. Mackenzie Cooley on the Scientific Revolution. You can hear more from Mackenzie in her episode on the Animal. Farah Bakaari on the Nation State. You can hear more from Farah in her episode on the Trace. Emma Heany on Communism and Empire. You can hear more from Emma in her episode on Sexual Difference. Sheila Liming on Nowhere and Forever. Sheila reads an excerpt from her article in progress on the contemporary gothic, under the working title, "Out of Time: Anti-Immediacy in Mark Jenkin's Enys Men.” You can hear more from Sheila in her episode on the Party. Sritama Chatterjee on Nature and Wilderness. You can hear more from Sritama in her episode on Off-Shore Aesthetics. John Linstrom on Liberty Hyde Bailey's Haunted Houses. You can hear more from John in his episodes on Nature Study and Ecosphere. The image for this episode features creepy red creatures on a dark green field. It was made by Saronik Bosu. Boo! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

High Theory returns with a series of haunting concepts, places, and figures from our former guests. We asked folks to call in with something spookworthy (neologism!) from their fields – real or imagined specters, scary ideas, anything that could haunt, disorient, unsettle, horrify. And we got a full seance worth of ghosts. Listen if you dare! This episode features (in order of appearance) Abhishek Avtans on the Churail. He kindly gave us a transcript (we hope to have more transcripts soon!). You can hear more from Abhishek in his episode on Apabhraṃśa. Angelina Eimannsberger on the Reader. You can hear more from Angelina in her episode on JVN. Travis Chi Wing Lau on Mad Studies. You can hear more from Travis in his episode on Experimental Life. Mackenzie Cooley on the Scientific Revolution. You can hear more from Mackenzie in her episode on the Animal. Farah Bakaari on the Nation State. You can hear more from Farah in her episode on the Trace. Emma Heany on Communism and Empire. You can hear more from Emma in her episode on Sexual Difference. Sheila Liming on Nowhere and Forever. Sheila reads an excerpt from her article in progress on the contemporary gothic, under the working title, "Out of Time: Anti-Immediacy in Mark Jenkin's Enys Men.” You can hear more from Sheila in her episode on the Party. Sritama Chatterjee on Nature and Wilderness. You can hear more from Sritama in her episode on Off-Shore Aesthetics. John Linstrom on Liberty Hyde Bailey's Haunted Houses. You can hear more from John in his episodes on Nature Study and Ecosphere. The image for this episode features creepy red creatures on a dark green field. It was made by Saronik Bosu. Boo! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/critical-theory

For two years, Steven Flo was filled with fear and despair. He retreated from the world and even began to hide from sunlight. In vampire-like fashion, he closed all his curtains and lived in what felt like a tomb. Even though he was a Lutheran pastor who often counseled others, during this period he was inconsolable, and began to despair about his own eternal state. If the Gospel was true, it was true for others, but not for him. On this episode, Shane talks with pastor Flo about his descent into darkness.SHOW NOTESRelated ArticlesAn Overview of TMS, Mayo ClinicWhat is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation?, Cleveland ClinicLife & Death, Simonetta CarFaith & Mental Illness, Michael HortonWilliam Cowper: Depression & The Art of Hymn Writing, Barb DuguidRelated BooksThe Unseen Realm | Demons, Michael HeiserPrincipalities & Powers, John W. MontgomeryThe Proof of the Gospel, Eusebius of CaesareaThe Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Thomas KuhnThe Care of Souls, Harold SenkbeilRelated AudioFaith & Mental Illness, White Horse Inn #1213 Darkness My Only Companion, White Horse Inn #1214Death, Ghosts & Views of the Afterlife, Humble Skeptic #31UPCOMING EVENTS Troy, IllinoisOn Sunday, Nov. 3rd, Shane will be speaking at a youth event from 3:30 to 7:00 pm at Providence Presbyterian Church. Shane will be addressing the topics: “Is Faith Blind?” and “Are There Contradictions in the Gospels?” For more information about this youth event, send a text to 618-820-4908.Houston, TexasOn Friday & Saturday, Nov. 8-9, Shane will be speaking with Gary Habermas and others at the Lanier Theological Library. The discussion will be centered on the historicity of Jesus' resurrection as part of the 4th Annual John Warwick Montgomery Lecture in Evidential Apologetics. For more information about this event, click here.St. Charles, MissouriOn Sunday, Dec. 8th at 6 pm, Shane will discuss some of the challenges related to Luke's account of Jesus' birth. Some believe that the account of the census that took place in the days of Quirinius (Luke 2) is at odds with other known historical facts. Did Luke make a mistake or can the apparent contradiction be resolved? This discussion will take place at Christ Presbyterian Church (cpcopc.org).If you would like to invite Shane Rosenthal to speak at your event, send an email to: INFO at HUMBLESKEPTIC dot COM. SUPPORT THIS PODCASTDonations to The Humble Skeptic podcast are tax-deductible. To make a one-time donation or set up recurring monthly gifts, click here. Another way to support this podcast is by upgrading to a paid subscription via Substack. Subscriptions begin at $5.95 per month or $59 per year, however, this option is not tax-deductible.The Humble Skeptic is a listener-supported podcast. To support this work, consider becoming a paid subscriber. Get full access to The Humble Skeptic at www.humbleskeptic.com/subscribe

MARS COLONY AND A TOWN NAMED FORTITUDE:  4 /4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars. 1950

MARS COLONY AND A TOWN NAMED FORTITUDE:   1/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars. 1955

MARS COLONY AND A TOWN NAMED FORTITUDE:   3/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars. 1951

MARS COLONY AND A TOWN NAMED FORTITUDE:   2/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars. 1960

The philosophy behind HR and our way of working predates most of the tools we use. While companies focus on sales and productivity, most neglect to measure one of the largest sources of value within the organization – the employee experience. Jessica Zwaan has made it her mission to teach executives and their companies how to transform the employee experience using product management principles, maximizing value for all stakeholders involved.Jessica Zwaan is the author of Built for People, the current Chief Operating Officer of Whereby, and a former COO advisor for clients like Soundcloud, Talentful, and Bolt, among others.In this episode, Dart and Jessica discuss:- The 3 things every company sells- Distinctions between people operations and human operations- Viewing work as a product and determining its value- Tracking the cost versus value of employees- The 3 aspects employees want out of their work- Value vs. volume when it comes to employees-  2 maxims of product management applicable to HR- And other topics…Jessica Zwaan is an author, speaker, and early-stage start-up executive. She is the current Chief Operating Officer of Whereby and a former COO advisor for clients like Soundcloud, Talentful, and Bolt, among others. Her latest book, Built for People, helps teach organizations and leadership how to transform the employee experience using product management principles.With a background in operations, people, and talent, Jessica's work has spanned across three continents. Jessica holds a First-Class Honours law degree from the University of Law in London. She is an international panelist and speaker and also hosts the podcast “There's This Thing at Work.”Resources mentioned:Built for People, by Jessica Zwaan: https://www.amazon.com/Built-People-Experience-Management-Principles/dp/1398608025The Book of the Courtier, by Baldesar Castiglione: https://www.amazon.com/Book-Courtier-Baldesar-Castiglione/dp/1519086954The Experience Economy, by Joseph Pine: https://www.amazon.com/Experience-Economy-New-Preface-Authors/dp/1633697975The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, by Thomas Kuhn: https://www.amazon.com/Structure-Scientific-Revolutions-50th-Anniversary/dp/0226458121The Good Enough Job, by Simone Stolzoff: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Enough-Job-Reclaiming-Life/dp/059353896XConnect with Jessica:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessicamayzwaan/www.jessicamayzwaan.com Work with Dart:Dart is the CEO and co-founder of the work design firm 11fold. Build work that makes employees feel alive, connected to their work, and focused on what's most important to the business. Book a call at 11fold.com.

Sign Up for our LA Listener Meet Up Philip Ball is an award-winning science writer who has penned over 30 books on a dizzying variety of subjects. Holding degrees in chemistry from Oxford and physics from the University of Bristol, Ball's multidisciplinary background underpins his versatility. As a former editor at Nature for two decades and a regular contributor to a range of publications and broadcast outlets, Ball's work exemplifies the rare combination of scientific depth and accessibility, cementing his reputation as a premier science communicator. Tyler and Philip discuss how well scientists have stood up to power historically, the problematic pressures scientists feel within academia today, artificial wombs and the fertility crisis, the price of invisibility, the terrifying nature of outer space and Gothic cathedrals, the role Christianity played in the Scientific Revolution, what current myths may stick around forever, whether cells can be thought of as doing computation, the limitations of The Selfish Gene, whether the free energy principle can be usefully applied, the problem of microplastics gathering in testicles and other places, progress in science, his favorite science fiction, how to follow in his footsteps, and more. Read a full transcript enhanced with helpful links, or watch the full video. Recorded May 22nd, 2024. Other ways to connect Follow us on X and Instagram Follow Tyler on X Follow Philip on X Sign up for our newsletter Join our Discord Email us: cowenconvos@mercatus.gmu.edu Learn more about Conversations with Tyler and other Mercatus Center podcasts here.

Chapter 1:Summary of Sapiens"Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari is a wide-ranging narrative that spans the history of the human species from the emergence of the first homo species to the present day. The book discusses how Homo sapiens came to dominate the world, identifying key revolutionary periods that have shaped human society.The book is generally divided into four major parts, based on what Harari identifies as major revolutions in human history: the Cognitive Revolution, the Agricultural Revolution, the Unification of Humankind, and the Scientific Revolution.1. Cognitive Revolution (c. 70,000 years ago): Harari suggests that about 70,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began to develop unique ways of thinking and communicating, such as the ability to believe in abstract concepts (like gods, nations, and human rights), the power of storytelling, and more complex societal structures. This set sapiens apart from other human species.2. Agricultural Revolution (c. 12,000 years ago): It marks the transition from foraging and hunting to agriculture which led to the formation of permanent settlements and a significant increase in population. Harari argues this shift allowed for the accumulation of goods and an increase in social hierarchies but also led to harsher living conditions for most people.3. Unification of Humankind: This refers to the gradual consolidation of human cultures into broader groups and eventually global unities. This involved the spread and clash of major empires, religions, and ideologies, which often led to the assimilation or wiping out of smaller cultures.4. Scientific Revolution (c. 500 years ago): Beginning with the Age of Exploration and Technological advances, this period brought new understandings of the world. This revolution increased human power dramatically, particularly through developments in science and industry, shaping the modern world.Harari discusses not only the past but also speculates on the future of humanity, touching on topics such as genetic engineering and artificial intelligence. Throughout "Sapiens", Harari maintains a critical tone, questioning whether developments like agriculture and industry have really improved our happiness and challenging the reader to think about what the future holds for a species that continues to break boundaries.The narrative is supported by insights from anthropology, psychology, history, and economics, weaving a complex but engaging account of how we got to where we are and where we might be heading. Harari's book has been praised for its accessible prose and broad, interdisciplinary approach, though it has also faced criticism for oversimplifications and factual inaccuracies. Nonetheless, "Sapiens" has made significant contributions to public discussions about the understanding of human history and the future of humanity.Chapter 2:The Theme of Sapiens"Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari is a non-fiction work that explores the history of humanity from the emergence of Homo sapiens in the Stone Age up to the twenty-first century. The book is divided into four main parts, each exploring different pivotal stages in the journey of humankind. It does not have a narrative plot or character development in the traditional sense, as it is not a novel but rather an exploration of themes and concepts related to human history. Key Plot PointsThough "Sapiens" does not have a "plot" in the conventional narrative sense, it can be broken down into several key points according to its divisions, which focus on major turning points in human history:1. The Cognitive Revolution- Harari discusses how about 70,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began to demonstrate unique ways of thinking and communicating, enabling them to out-compete other species and inhabit various environments. This...

The legal theory of constitutional originalism has attracted increasing attention in recent years as the US Supreme Court has tilted with the weight of justices who self-describe as originalists.  In Against Constitutional Originalism: A Historical Critique (Yale UP, 2024), Jonathan Gienapp examines the theory and describes how it falls short of achieving the interpretive authority that it claims.  Gienapp asserts that we need to reconstruct 18th century legal arguments as they were originally understood before judging them, while originalists reject historical understanding in favor of a more pliable textualist approach that allows them to impose their modern legal perspectives onto the past.  This "have your cake and eat it too" methodology allows originalists to claim the authority of the Founders while simultaneously discounting anything that those same Founders may have said, done, or understood that doesn't appear among the approximately 7500 words of the Constitution itself.   This book speaks directly to originalists with a challenge to make a fundamental choice between recognizing how our modern constitutional practices distort the original constitution and embrace them for the modern fiction that they are, or recover the original Constitution that the Founders actually knew.  Author recommended reading:  The Interbellum Consitution: Union, Commerce, and Slavery in the Age of Federalisms (Yale UP, 2024) by Alison L. LaCroix Related resources:  The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn Edwin Meese speech to the American Bar Association in 1985 Constitutional Faith by Sanford Levinson New Books Network interview with Jonathan Gienapp, when Derek Litvak spoke with him in 2019 about The Second Creation: Fixing the American Constitution in the Founding Era (Harvard UP 2018). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for June 16, 2024 is: paradigm • PAIR-uh-dyme • noun Paradigm is a formal word that refers to a pattern or example, and especially to an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype. It can also refer to a theory or group of ideas about how something should be done, made, or thought about. // Her latest book provides us with a new paradigm for modern biography. // Several speakers at the conference focused their presentations on challenging what has been a dominant educational paradigm. See the entry > Examples: “In a music paradigm that's increasingly focused on individual tracks, artists still have a chance to make a bigger statement about the world, and themselves, through larger collections that can explore a variety of styles and emotions.” — Tom Roland, Billboard, 23 Jan. 2024 Did you know? Paradigm comes from the Greek verb paradeiknynai, meaning “to show side by side.” It has been used in English to mean “example” or “pattern” since the 15th century. There is debate, however, about what kind of example qualifies as a paradigm. Some people say it's a typical example, while others insist it must be an outstanding or perfect example. The scientific community has added to the confusion by using paradigm to mean “a theoretical framework,” a sense popularized by American scientist Thomas S. Kuhn in the second edition of his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, published in 1970. Some usage commentators now advise avoiding the term entirely on the grounds that it is overused, but we contend that it can sometimes make a useful, conversation-enriching replacement for idea, theory, or concept, as in “an article about sandwiches that shifts the paradigm by including hot dogs.”

MUSK WANTS ONE MILLION HUMANS ON MARS TO SUSTAIN A COLONY.  2/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1997 MARS PATHFINDER

MUSK WANTS ONE MILLION HUMANS ON MARS TO SUSTAIN A COLONY.  3/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. OCTOBER 2006 SPIRIT ROVER ON MARS

MUSK WANTS ONE MILLION HUMANS ON MARS TO SUSTAIN A COLONY.  1/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 1965 MARINER 4 FLYBY

MUSK WANTS ONE MILLION HUMANS ON MARS TO SUSTAIN A COLONY.  4/4: For the Love of Mars: A Human History of the Red Planet Hardcover – May 18, 2023 by  Matthew Shindell  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Love-Mars-Human-History-Planet/dp/0226821897/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Mars and its secrets have fascinated and mystified humans since ancient times. Due to its vivid color and visibility, its geologic kinship with Earth, and its potential as our best hope for settlement, Mars embodies everything that inspires us about space and exploration. For the Love of Mars surveys the red planet's place in the human imagination, beginning with ancient astrologers and skywatchers and ending in our present moment of exploration and virtual engagement.   National Air and Space Museum curator Matthew Shindell describes how historical figures across eras and around the world have made sense of this mysterious planet. We meet Mayan astrologer priests who incorporated Mars into seasonal calendars and religious ceremonies; Babylonian astrologers who discerned bad omens; figures of the Scientific Revolution who struggled to comprehend it as a world; Victorian astronomers who sought signs of intelligent life; and twentieth- and twenty-first-century scientists who have established a technological presence on its surface. Along the way, we encounter writers and artists from each of these periods who take readers and viewers along on imagined journeys to Mars.   By focusing on the diverse human stories behind the telescopes and behind the robots we know and love, Shindell shows how Mars exploration has evolved in ways that have also expanded knowledge about other facets of the universe. Captained by an engaging and erudite expert, For the Love of Marsis a captivating voyage through time and space for anyone curious about Curiosity and the red planet. 2023 CURIOSITY ON MARS