Podcasts about denmark norway

I dag snakker Per og Henrik om kong Christian VII av Danmark-Norge (1749-1808). Grunnen til dette er at han halverte antall helligdager i Danmark-Norge i oktober 1770. Henrik forteller om Christians regeringstid mens Per leser et utkast fra dokumentet som gjorde det mulig for Christian å halvere antall helligdager i Danmark-Norge. Det er også duket for NRK-hjørnet. God lytting! —------- Today, Per and Henrik didcuss King Christian VII of Denmark-Norway (1749-1808). The reason for this is that he halved the number of public holidays in Denmark-Norway in October 1770. Henrik talks about Christian's reign, while Per reads a draft of the document that enabled Christian to halve the number of public holidays in Denmark-Norway. The stage is also set for the NRK corner. Happy listening!    

In this episode Eirik takes a deep dive into the ritualized home invasions once part and parcel to the Scandinavian yuletide celebrations, and the trollish mafiosi associated with it. Starting out with ill-advised discussions about unfounded heathen-ish speculations about secretly ancient (but actually modern) elements of the season as an expression of a sort of independent and nebulous "ur-pagan" reflex, after railing against logical positivism gone mad, we consider Catholic pragmatism as contrast to the war on Christmas as waged by protestant state zealotry in 18th century Denmark-Norway. Ultimately we somehow manage to make it to the yule goat/yule buck mummer's play and its variants across Fenno-Scandinavia, with local variants such as the Norwegian Lussi and Sami Stállu, with an entire bastard of a segment dedicated to the intricacies of barnyard spirits, domestic cult, obscure Norwegian dwarf lore, unspeakable Norswedian snake cults, and ample helpings of esoteric nissemaxxing and tomtebissing in between. GET YOUR BOOKS 'n' GEAR, AND SUPPORT THE SCANDIFUTURIST PROJECT: https://https://linktr.ee/brutenorse

Email: Laernorsknaa@gmail.com Transcript: https://laernorsknaa.com/7-1-modern-norwegian-history-an-overview/ Patreon: ⁠https://www.patreon.com/laernorsknaa ⁠ Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?token=UbfXAKM1yJvhkJYGm5NVsoT_g3V9ekM7QWlhBNH1grxS-1mAX0Y6UvLL2_UOzyQzotcEaAZEOX27rN2p Website: https://laernorsknaa.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/MariusStangela1 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxdRJ5lW2QlUNRfff-ZoE-A The 16th and 17th centuries in Norway were characterized by three central developments:   1.     The introduction of the Reformation in Norway, which led to the establishment of the school system in the 17th century. Reading and understanding faith in one's own language became important, and many people learned to read and write. However, Protestantism also resulted in witch-hunts during the 17th century, where individuals were accused and killed for being "witches." 2.     Centralization of power of the Danish king. Danish noblemen and the Danish king gained more power in Norway during the 16th and 17th centuries. Danish began to replace Norwegian as the written language, but people still spoke their own Norwegian dialects. 3.     Economic development in Norway. Norway acquired two important industries during this period: timber trade and mining. Timber trade involved cutting down trees and selling timber, while mining involved extracting minerals, such as iron, from mines. These industries were crucial for exporting goods to other countries.   From 1660, Denmark-Norway became an absolute monarchy, similar to France under Louis XIV. Absolute monarchy means that the king has all the power, or more precisely, all power is derived from the king. The period from 1660 to 1780 was characterized by:   1.     European colonization and the introduction of new plants and goods to Norway, such as tobacco, potatoes, and spices. Potatoes, in particular, became important for Norway. Additionally, Denmark-Norway established its own colonies in Africa, India, and the Caribbean. 2.     Wars with Sweden. During this period, there were several major wars between Denmark-Norway and Sweden. The wars usually ended in a relatively even manner, with both sides weakened. However, Sweden managed to take Skåne from Denmark (present-day southern Sweden) and Jemtland, Herjedalen, and Båhuslen from Norway.

I dag fortsetter tidsreisen fra år 1700 til 2040. Vi beveger oss til mellom 1720 og 1740-tallet. Per gir deg fakta om en spørreundersøkelse som pågikk i Danmark-Norge i 1743 om livet og samfunnet blant bønder og embedsmenn. I tillegg til dette diskuterer Per og Henrik kongehus og mye mer. Det er også duket for NRK-hjørnet. God lytting! Today, the time journey continues from the year 1700 to 2040. We move to between the 1720s and 1740s.  Per gives you facts about a survey that took place in Denmark-Norway in 1743 about life and society among farmers and public servants.  In addition to this, Per and Henrik discuss royal houses and much more.  The stage is also set for the NRK corner.  Happy listening!

I dag snakker Per og Henrik om Kong Fredrik V av Danmark-Norge (1723-1766) (bedre kjent som Der Danische Prins). Sistnevnte var et kallenavn han fikk av moren sin fordi han var den første kongen i Danmark-Norge som brukte dansk som prestigespråk (statelig språk). Per gir deg fakta om kong Fredrik V mens Henrik gir deg litt informasjon om en henrettelse under hans styre. Det er også duket for NRK-hjørnet. God lytting! ------------ Today, Per and Henrik talk about King Fredrik V of Denmark-Norway (1723-1766) (better known as Der Danische Prins).  The latter was a nickname he got from his mother because he was the first king in Denmark-Norway to use Danish as a prestige language (state language).  Per gives you facts about King Fredrik V while Henrik gives you some information about an execution during his rule.  The stage is also set for the NRK corner.  Happy listening!

Our last episode was on Project MAC, a Cold War-era project sponsored by ARPA. That led to many questions like what led to the Cold War and just what was the Cold War. We'll dig into that today. The Cold War was a period between 1946, in the days after World War II, and 1991, when the United States and western allies were engaged in a technical time of peace that was actually an aggressive time of arms buildup and proxy wars. Technology often moves quickly when nations or empires are at war. In many ways, the Cold War gave us the very thought of interactive computing and networking, so is responsible for the acceleration towards our modern digital lives. And while I've never seen it references as such, this was more of a continuation of wars between the former British empire and the Imperialistic Russian empires. These make up two or the three largest empires the world has ever seen and a rare pair of empires that were active at the same time.  And the third, well, we'll get to the Mongols in this story as well. These were larger than the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, or any of the Chinese dynasties. In fact, the British Empire that reached its peak in 1920 was 7 times larger than the land controlled by the Romans, clocking in at 13.7 million square miles. The Russian Empire was 8.8 million square miles. Combined the two held nearly half the world. And their legacies live on in trade empires, in some cases run by the same families that helped fun the previous expansions.  But the Russians and British were on a collision course going back to a time when their roots were not as different as one might think. They were both known to the Romans. But yet they both became feudal powers with lineages of rulers going back to Vikings. We know the Romans battled the Celts, but they also knew of a place that Ptolemy called Sarmatia Europea in around 150AD, where a man named Rurik settle far later. He was a Varangian prince, which is the name Romans gave to Vikings from the area we now call Sweden. The 9th to 11th century saw a number o these warrior chiefs flow down rivers throughout the Baltics and modern Russia in search of riches from the dwindling Roman vestiges of empire. Some returned home to Sweden; others conquered and settled. They rowed down the rivers: the Volga, the Volkhov, the Dvina, and the networks of rivers that flow between one another, all the way down the Dnieper river, through the Slavic tripes Ptolemy described which by then had developed into city-states, such as Kiev, past the Romanians and Bulgers and to the second Rome, or Constantinople.  The Viking ships rowed down these rivers. They pillaged, conquered, and sometimes settled. The term for rowers was Rus. Some Viking chiefs set up their own city-states in and around the lands. Some when their lands back home were taken while they were off on long campaigns. Charlemagne conquered modern day France and much of Germany, from The Atlantic all the way down into the Italian peninsula, north into Jutland, and east to the border with the Slavic tribes. He weakened many, upsetting the balance of power in the area. Or perhaps there was never a balance of power.  Empires such as the Scythians and Sarmatians and various Turkic or Iranian powers had come and gone and each in their wake crossing the vast and harsh lands found only what Homer said of the area all the way back in the 8th century BCE, that the land was deprived of sunshine. The Romans never pushed up so far into the interior of the steppes as the were busy with more fertile farming grounds. But as the Roman Empire fell and the Byzantines flourished, the Vikings traded with them and even took their turn trying to loot Constantinople. And Frankish Paris. And again, settled in the Slavic lands, marrying into cultures and DNA.  The Rus Rome retreated from lands as her generals were defeated. The Merovingian dynasty rose in the 5th century with the defeat of Syagrius, the last Roman general Gaul and lasted until a family of advisors slowly took control of running the country, transitioning to the Carolingian Empire, of which Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor, as he was crowned, was the most famous. He conquered and grew the empire.  Charlemagne knew the empire had outgrown what one person could rule with the technology of the era, so it was split into three, which his son passed to his grandsons. And so the Carolingian empire had made the Eastern Slavs into tributaries of the Franks. There were hostilities but by the Treaty of Mersen in 870 the split of the empire generally looked like the borders of northern Italy, France, and Germany - although Germany also included Austria but not yet Bohemia. It split and re-merged and smaller boundary changes happened but that left the Slavs aware of these larger empires. The Slavic peoples grew and mixed with people from the Steppes and Vikings. The Viking chiefs were always looking for new extensions to their trade networks. Trade was good. Looting was good. Looting and getting trade concessions to stop looting those already looted was better. The networks grew. One of those Vikings was Rurik. Possibly Danish Rorik, a well documented ally who tended to play all sides of the Carolingians and a well respected raider and military mind.  Rurik was brought in as the first Viking, or rower, or Rus, ruler of the important trade city that would be known as New City, or Novgorod. Humans had settled in Kiev since the Stone Age and then by Polans before another prince Kyi took over and then Rurik's successor Oleg took Smolensk and Lyubech. Oleg extended the land of Rus down the trading routes, and conquered Kiev. Now, they had a larger capital and were the Kievan Rus.  Rurik's son Igor took over after Oleg and centralized power in Kiev. He took tribute from Constantinople after he attacked, plunder Arab lands off the Caspian Sea, and was killed overtaxing vassal states in his territory. His son Sviatoslav the Brave then conquered the Alans and through other raiding helped cause the collapse of the Kazaria and Bulgarian empires. They expanded throughout the Volga River valley, then to the Balkans, and up the Pontic Steppe, and quickly became the largest empire in Europe of the day. His son Vladimir the Great expanded again, with he empire extending from the Baltics to Belarus to the Baltics and converted to Christianity, thus Christianizing the lands he ruled.  He began marrying and integrating into the Christian monarchies, which his son continued. Yaroslov the Wise married the daughter of the King of Sweden who gave him the area around modern-day Leningrad. He then captured Estonia in 1030, and as with others in the Rurikid dynasty as they were now known, made treaties with others and then  pillaged more Byzantine treasures. He married one daughter to the King of Norway, another to the King of Hungary, another to the King of the Franks, and another to Edward the Exile of England, and thus was the grandfather of Edgar the Aetheling, who later became a king of England.  The Mongols The next couple of centuries saw the rise of Feudalism and the descendants of Rurik fight amongst each other. The various principalities were, as with much of Europe during the Middle Ages, semi-independent duchies, similar to city-states. Kiev became one of the many and around the mid 1100s Yaroslav the Wise's great-grandson, Yuri Dolgoruki built a number of new villages and principalities, including one along the Moskva river they called Moscow. They built a keep there, which the Rus called kremlins.  The walls of those keeps didn't keep the Mongols out. They arrived in 1237. They moved the capital to Moscow and Yaroslav II, Yuri's grandson, was poisoned in the court of Ghengis Khan's grandson Batu. The Mongols ruled, sometimes through the descendants of Rurik, sometimes disposing of them and picking a new one, for 200 years. This is known as the time of the “Mongol yoke.”  One of those princes the Mongols let rule was Ivan I of Moscow, who helped them put down a revolt in a rival area in the 1300s. The Mongols trusted Moscow after that, and so we see a migration of rulers of the land up into Moscow. The Golden Horde, like the Viking  Danes and Swedes settled in some lands. Kublai Khan made himself ruler of China. Khanates splintered off to form the ruling factions of weaker lands, such as modern India and Iran - who were once the cradle of civilization. Those became the Mughals dynasties as they Muslimized and moved south. And so the Golden Horde became the Great Horde. Ivan the Great expanded the Muscovite sphere of influence, taking Novgorod, Rostov, Tver, Vyatka, and up into the land of the Finns. They were finally strong enough to stand up to the Tatars as they called their Mongol overlords and made a Great Stand on the Ugra River. And summoning a great army simply frightened the Mongol Tatars off. Turns out they were going through their own power struggles between princes of their realm and Akhmed was assassinated the next year, with his successor becoming Sheikh instead of Khan. Ivan's grandson, Ivan the Terrible expanded the country even further. He made deals with various Khans and then conquered others, pushing east to conquer the Khanate of Sibiu and so conquered Siberia in the 1580s. The empire then stretched all the way to the Pacific Ocean.  He had a son who didn't have any heirs and so was the last in the Rurikid dynasty. But Ivan the Terrible had married Anastasia Romanov, who when he crowned himself Caesar, or Tsar as they called it, made her Tsaritsa. And so the Romanov's came to power in 1596 and following the rule of Peter the Great from 1672 to 1725, brought the Enlightenment to Russia. He started the process of industrialization, built a new capital he called St Petersburg, built a navy, made peace with the Polish king, then Ottoman king, and so took control of the Baltics, where the Swedes had taken control of on and off since the time of Rurik.  Russian Empire Thus began the expansion as the Russian Empire. They used an alliance with Denmark-Norway and chased the Swedes through the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, unseating the Polish king along the way. He probably should not have allied with them. They moved back into Finland, took the Baltics so modern Latvia and Estonia, and pushed all the way across the Eurasian content across the frozen tundra and into Alaska.  Catherine the Great took power in 1762 and ignited a golden age. She took Belarus, parts of Mongolia, parts of modern day Georgia, overtook the Crimean Khanate, and modern day Azerbaijan. and during her reign founded Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities. She modernized the country like Peter and oversaw nearly constant rebellions in the empire. And her three or four children went on to fill the courts of Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Spain, and the Netherlands. She set up a national network of schools, with teachings from Russian and western philosophers like John Locke. She collected vast amounts of art, including many from China. She set up a banking system and issued paper money. She also started the process to bring about the end of serfdom. Even though between her and the country she owned 3.3 million herself.  She planned on invading the Khanate of Persia, but passed away before her army got there. Her son Paul halted expansion. And probably just in time. Her grandson Alexander I supported other imperial powers against Napoleon and so had to deal with the biggest invasion Russia had seen. Napoleon moved in with his grand army of half a million troops. The Russians used a tactic that Peter the Great used and mostly refused to engage Napoleon's troops instead burning the supply lines. Napoleon lost 300,000 troops during that campaign. Soon after the Napoleanic wars ended, the railways began to appear. The country was industrializing and with guns and cannons, growing stronger than ever.  The Opium Wars, between China and the UK then the UK and France were not good to China. Even though Russia didn't really help they needed up with a piece of the Chinese empire and so in the last half of the 1800s the Russian Empire grew by another 300,000 square miles on the backs of a series of unequal treaties as they came to be known in China following World War I.  And so by 1895, the Romanovs had expanded past their native Moscow, driven back the Mongols, followed some of the former Mongol Khanates to their lands and taken them, took Siberia, parts of the Chinese empire, the Baltics, Alaska, and were sitting on the third largest empire the world had ever seen, which covered nearly 17 percent of the world. Some 8.8 million square miles. And yet, still just a little smaller than the British empire. They had small skirmishes with the British but by and large looked to smaller foes or proxy wars, with the exception of the Crimean War.  Revolution The population was expanding and industrializing. Workers flocked to factories on those train lines. And more people in more concentrated urban areas meant more ideas. Rurik came in 862 and his descendants ruled until the Romanovs took power in 1613. They ruled until 1917. That's over 1,000 years of kings, queens, Tsars, and Emperors. The ideas of Marx slowly spread. While the ruling family was busy with treaties and wars and empire, they forgot to pay attention to the wars at home.  People like Vladimir Lenin discovered books by people like Karl Marx. Revolution was in the air around the world. France had shown monarchies could be toppled. Some of the revolutionaries were killed, others put to work in labor camps, others exiled, and still others continued on. Still, the empire was caught up in global empire intrigues. The German empire had been growing and the Russians had the Ottomans and Bulgarians on their southern boarders. They allied with France to take Germany, just as they'd allied with Germany to take down Poland. And so after over 1.8 million dead Russians and another 3.2 million wounded or captured and food shortages back home and in the trenches, the people finally had enough of their Tsar. They went on strike but Tsar Nicholas ordered the troops to fire. The troops refused. The Duma stepped in and forced Nicholas to abdicate. Russia had revolted in 1917, sued Germany for peace, and gave up more territory than they wanted in the process. Finland, the Baltics, their share of Poland, parts of the Ukraine. It was too much. But the Germans took a lot of time and focus to occupy and so it helped to weaken them in the overall war effort.  Back home, Lenin took a train home and his Bolshevik party took control of the country. After the war Poland was again independent. Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, and the Serbs became independent nations. In the wake of the war the Ottoman Empire was toppled and modern Turkey was born. The German Kaiser abdicated. And socialism and communism were on the rise. In some cases, that was really just a new way to refer to a dictator that pretended to care about the people. Revolution had come to China in 1911 and Mao took power in the 1940s.  Meanwhile, Lenin passed in 1924 and Rykov, then Molotov, who helped spur a new wave of industrialization. Then Stalin, who led purges of the Russian people in a number of Show Trials before getting the Soviet Union, as Russian Empire was now called, into World War II. Stalin encouraged Hitler to attack Poland in 1939. Let's sit on that for a second. He tried to build a pact with the Western powers and after that broke down, he launched excursions annexing parts of Poland, Finland, Romania, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia. Many of the lands were parts of the former Russian Empire. The USSR had chunks of Belarus and the Ukraine before but as of the 1950s annexed Poland, Easter Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria as part of the Warsaw Pact, a block of nations we later called the Soviet Bloc. They even built a wall between East and West Germany. During and after the war, the Americans whisked German scientists off to the United States. The Soviets were in no real danger from an invasion by the US and the weakened French, Austrians, and military-less Germans were in no place to attack the Soviets. The UK had to rebuild and British empire quickly fell apart. Even the traditional homes of the vikings who'd rowed down the rivers would cease to become global powers. And thus there were two superpowers remaining in the world, the Soviets and the United States.  The Cold War The Soviets took back much of the former Russian Empire, claiming they needed buffer zones or through subterfuge. At its peak, the Soviet Union cover 8.6 million square miles; just a couple hundred thousand shy of the Russian Empire. On the way there, they grew to a nation of over 290 million people with dozens of nationalities. And they expanded the sphere of influence even further, waging proxy wars in places like Vietnam and Korea. They never actually went to war with the United States, in much the same way they mostly avoided the direct big war with the Mongols and the British - and how Rorik of Dorestad played both sides of Frankish conflicts. We now call this period the Cold War. The Cold War was an arms race. This manifested itself first in nuclear weapons. The US is still the only country to detonate a nuclear weapon in war time, from the bombings that caused the surrender of Japan at the end of the war. The Soviets weren't that far behind and detonated a bomb in 1949. That was the same year NATO was founded as a treaty organization between Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States.  The US upped the ante with the hydrogen bomb in 1952. The Soviets got the hydrogen bomb in 1955. And then came the Space Race. Sputnik launched in 1957. The Russians were winning the space race. They further proved that when they put Yuri Gagarin up in 1961. By 1969 the US put Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon. Each side developed military coalitions, provided economic aid to allies, built large arsenals of weapons, practiced espionage against one another, deployed massive amounts of propaganda, and spreading their ideology. Or at least that's what the modern interpretation of history tells us. There were certainly ideological differences, but the Cold War saw the spread of communism as a replacement for conquest. That started with Lenin trying to lead a revolt throughout Europe but shifted over the decades into again, pure conquest.  Truman saw the rapid expansion of the Soviets and without context that they were mostly reclaiming lands conquered by the Russian imperial forces, won support for the Truman Doctrine. There, he contained Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe. First, they supported Greece and Turkey. But the support extended throughout areas adjacent to Soviet interests. Eisenhower saw how swiftly Russians were putting science in action with satellites and space missions and nuclear weapons - and responded with an emphasis in American science.  The post-war advancements in computing were vast in the US. The industry moved from tubes and punch cards to interactive computing after the Whirlwind computer was developed at MIT first to help train pilots and then to intercept soviet nuclear weapons. Packet switching, and so the foundations of the Internet were laid to build a computer network that could withstand nuclear attack. Graphical interfaces got their start when Ivan Sutherland was working at MIT on the grandchild of Whirlwind, the TX-2 - which would evolve into the Digital Equipment PDP once privatized. Drum memory, which became the foundation of storage was developed to help break Russian codes and intercept messages. There isn't a part of the computing industry that isn't touched by the research farmed out by various branches of the military and by ARPA.   Before the Cold War, Russia and then the Soviet Union were about half for and half against various countries when it came to proxy wars. They tended to play both sides. After the Cold War it was pretty much always the US or UK vs the Soviet Union. Algeria, Kenya, Taiwan, the Sudan, Lebanon, Central America, the Congo, Eritrea, Yemen, Dhofar, Algeria, Malaysia, the Dominican Republic, Chad, Iran, Iraq, Thailand, Bolivia, South Africa, Nigeria, India, Bangladesh, Angolia, Ethiopia, the Sahara, Indonesia, Somalia, Mozambique, Libya, and Sri Lanka. And the big ones were Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. Many of these are still raging on today.  The Soviet empire grew to over 5 million soldiers. The US started with 2 nuclear weapons in 1945 and had nearly 300 by 1950 when the Soviets had just 5. The US stockpile grew to over 18,000 in 1960 and peaked at over 31,000 in 1965. The Soviets had 6,129 by then but kept building until they got close to 40,000 by 1980. By then the Chinese, France, and the UK each had over 200 and India and Israel had developed nuclear weapons. Since then only Pakistan and North Korea have added warheads, although there are US warheads located in Germany, Belgium, Italy, Turkey, and the Netherlands.  Modern Russia The buildup was expensive. Research, development, feeding troops, supporting asymmetrical warfare in proxy states, and trade sanctions put a strain on the government and nearly bankrupted Russia. They fell behind in science, after Stalin had been anti-computers. Meanwhile, the US was able to parlay all that research spending into true productivity gains. The venture capital system also fueled increasingly wealthy companies who paid taxes. Banking, supply chains, refrigeration, miniaturization, radio, television, and everywhere else we could think of. By the 1980s, the US had Apple and Microsoft and Commodore. The Russians were trading blat, or an informal black market currency, to gain access to knock-offs of ZX Spectrums when the graphical interfaces systems were born. The system of government in the Soviet Union had become outdated. There were some who had thought to modernize it into more of a technocracy in an era when the US was just starting to build ARPANET - but those ideas never came to fruition. Instead it became almost feudalistic with high-ranking party members replacing the boyars, or aristocrats of the old Kievan Rus days. The standard of living suffered. So many cultures and tribes under one roof, but only the Slavs had much say.  As the empire over-extended there were food shortages. If there are independent companies then the finger can be pointed in their direction but when food is rationed by the Politburo then the decline in agricultural production became dependent on bringing food in from the outside. That meant paying for it. Pair that with uneven distribution and overspending on the military.  The Marxist-Leninist doctrine had been a one party state. The Communist Party. Michael Gorbachev allowed countries in the Bloc to move into a democratic direction with multiple parties. The Soviet Union simply became unmanageable. And while Gorbachev took the blame for much of the downfall of the empire, there was already a deep decay - they were an oligarchy pretending to be a communist state. The countries outside of Russia quickly voted in non-communist governments and by 1989 the Berlin Wall came down and the Eastern European countries began to seek independence, most moving towards democratic governments.  The collapse of the Soviet Union resulted in 15 separate countries and left the United States standing alone as the global superpower. The Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO in 1999. 2004 saw Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia join. 2009 brought in Albania and Croatia. 2017 led to Montenegro and then North Macedonia. Then came the subject of adding Ukraine. The country that the Kievan Rus had migrated throughout the lands from. The stem from which the name  and possibly soul of the country had sprouted from. How could Vladimir Putin allow that to happen? Why would it come up? As the Soviets pulled out of the Bloc countries , they left remnants of their empire behind. Belarus, Kazakstan, and the Ukraine were left plenty of weapons that couldn't be moved quickly. Ukraine alone had 1,700 nuclear weapons, which included 16 intercontinental ballistic missiles. Add to that nearly 2,000 biological and chemical weapons. Those went to Russia or were disassembled once the Ukrainians were assured of their sovereignty. The Crimea, which had been fought over in multiple bloody wars was added to Ukraine. At least until 2014, when Putin wanted the port of Sevastopol, founded by Catherine the Great. Now there was a gateway from Russia to the Mediterranean yet again. So Kievan Rus under Rurik is really the modern Ukraine and the Russian Empire then Romanov Dynasty flowed from that following the Mongol invasions. The Russian Empire freed other nations from the yolk of Mongolian rule but became something entirely different once they over-extended. Those countries in the empire often traded the Mongol yolk for the Soviet yolk. And entirely different from the Soviet Union that fought the Cold War and the modern Russia we know today.  Meanwhile, the states of Europe had been profoundly changed since the days of Thomas Paine's The Rights of Man and Marx. Many moved left of center and became socialized parts of their economy. No one ever need go hungry in a Scandanavian country. Health care, education, even child care became free in many countries. Many of those same ideals that helped lift the standard of living for all in developed countries then spread, including in Canada and some in the US. And so we see socialism to capitalism as more of a spectrum than a boolean choice now. And totalitarianism, oligarchy, and democracy as a spectrum as well. Many could argue reforms in democratic countries are paid for by lobbyists who are paid for by companies and thus an effective oligarchy. Others might argue the elections in many countries are rigged and so they aren't even oligarchs, they're monarchies.  Putin took office in 1999 and while Dmitry Medvedev was the president for a time, but he effectively ruled in a tandemocracy with Putin until Putin decided to get back in power. That's 23 years and counting and just a few months behind when King Abdullah took over in Jordan and King Mohammed VI took over in Morocco. And so while democratic in name, they're not all quite so democratic. Yet they do benefit from technology that began in Western countries and spread throughout the world. Countries like semi-conductor manufacturer Sitronics even went public on the London stock exchange. Hard line communists might (and do) counter that the US has an empire and that western countries conspire for the downfall of Russia or want to turn Russians into slaves to the capitalist machine. As mentioned earlier, there has always been plenty of propaganda in this relationship. Or gaslighting. Or fake news. Or disinformation.  One of those American advancements that ties the Russians to the capitalist yoke is interactive computing. That could have been developed in Glushkov's or Kitov's labs in Russia, as they had the ideas and talent. But because the oligarchy that formed around communism, the ideas were sidelined and it came out of MIT - and that led to Project MAC, which did as much to democratize computing as Gorbachev did to democratize the Russian Federation.

In 1626, King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway joined the Thirty Years' War as a champion of the Protestant cause. Within four years, he would be sent home with his tail between his legs. But the Protestants would gain a new champion: the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus. In a few short years, the Lion of the North would forge a military reputation equaled by only a handful. Just as importantly, he would keep the Protestants in the fight, forcing the Catholic Habsburg monarchy to continue a costly, draining war. Here is Gustavus Adolphus' story, and how he shaped the course of history. SUBSCRIBE TO RELEVANT HISTORY, AND NEVER MISS AN EPISODE! Relevant History Patreon: https://bit.ly/3vLeSpF Subscribe on Apple Music (iTunes): https://apple.co/2SQnw4q Subscribe on Google Music: https://bit.ly/30hUTRD Subscribe on Spotify: https://spoti.fi/38bzOvo RSS feed: https://bit.ly/2R0Iosz Relevant History on Twitter: https://bit.ly/3eRhdtk Relevant History on Facebook: https://bit.ly/2Qk05mm Relevant History SubscribeStar: https://www.subscribestar.com/relevant-history Official website: https://bit.ly/3btvha4 Episode transcript: https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vTyEbrFsmM2A3B5A5hJ9xBQ-IM4EeR0GFov0_xL7CUIB2rsD8-HxOUD_0fvYqAIqC543Q9NXg10qlmD/pub Music credit: Sergey Cheremisinov - Black Swan

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频词汇提示1.vikings 维京人2.coast 海岸3.fierce warriors 凶猛的战士4.oars 桨5.descended 传宗接代6.converted 转变原文The VikingsAbout a thousand years ago，people known as the Vikings were known and feared throughout Europe.The Vikings were the people of the northern part of Europe，called Scandinavia，which includes the modern countries of Denmark，Norway and Sweden.The Vikings made their living by farming and fishing.However，by about the year 700，they began to making attacks，or raids，upon towns along the coast of Europe in order to steal the wealth of those towns.The Vikings made their attacks very quickly and without any warning.They were very cruel to the people of the towns they attacked，and they sometimes destroyed the towns by burning down the buildings.In some parts of Europe，the local kings would often fight against the VikingsSometimes，however，the kings would pay the Vikings in order to persuade them not to attack.Although the Vikings were known as fierce warriors，they also built excellent ships，The wooden Viking ships，called longboats，were able to sail in even very bad weather.Many Viking longboats were about 20 meters long，but some were nearly 90 meters long.The Vikings sailors used both sails and oars to move their ships.The Vikings travelled across a large area.They made many of their attacks in Britain，France and Germany，but sometimes sailed south，into the Mediterranean Sea.Other Vikings moved to the east，and then south along the rivers of Russia.Some even went as far as the area that is now the country of Turkey.In some places，the Vikings decided to stay.Many Vikings settled in the England and in France，and eventually they mixed with the local people.Other people settled in Russia，and also mixed with the people there.The most famous travels of the Vikings were in the Atlantic Ocean.Vikings sailed westward to the island of Iceland where many of them stayed.Today，the people of Iceland were descended from the Vikings.Some Vikings sailed the farther west to the cold island of Greenland.Vikings lived in Greenland for several generations，but eventually they died out.Some Vikings had gone even further west and reached the Canadian island of Newfoundland.The Vikings only stayed for a few years，but they had reached North America about 500 year before Christopher Columbus！Gradually，the Vikings became converted to be Christian religion.They also stopped raiding the towns of Europe，and instead of fighting，they became trading with their neighbors.Today，the Scandinavia countries are known as very peace-loving nations.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频词汇提示1.vikings 维京人2.coast 海岸3.fierce warriors 凶猛的战士4.oars 桨5.descended 传宗接代6.converted 转变原文The VikingsAbout a thousand years ago，people known as the Vikings were known and feared throughout Europe.The Vikings were the people of the northern part of Europe，called Scandinavia，which includes the modern countries of Denmark，Norway and Sweden.The Vikings made their living by farming and fishing.However，by about the year 700，they began to making attacks，or raids，upon towns along the coast of Europe in order to steal the wealth of those towns.The Vikings made their attacks very quickly and without any warning.They were very cruel to the people of the towns they attacked，and they sometimes destroyed the towns by burning down the buildings.In some parts of Europe，the local kings would often fight against the VikingsSometimes，however，the kings would pay the Vikings in order to persuade them not to attack.Although the Vikings were known as fierce warriors，they also built excellent ships，The wooden Viking ships，called longboats，were able to sail in even very bad weather.Many Viking longboats were about 20 meters long，but some were nearly 90 meters long.The Vikings sailors used both sails and oars to move their ships.The Vikings travelled across a large area.They made many of their attacks in Britain，France and Germany，but sometimes sailed south，into the Mediterranean Sea.Other Vikings moved to the east，and then south along the rivers of Russia.Some even went as far as the area that is now the country of Turkey.In some places，the Vikings decided to stay.Many Vikings settled in the England and in France，and eventually they mixed with the local people.Other people settled in Russia，and also mixed with the people there.The most famous travels of the Vikings were in the Atlantic Ocean.Vikings sailed westward to the island of Iceland where many of them stayed.Today，the people of Iceland were descended from the Vikings.Some Vikings sailed the farther west to the cold island of Greenland.Vikings lived in Greenland for several generations，but eventually they died out.Some Vikings had gone even further west and reached the Canadian island of Newfoundland.The Vikings only stayed for a few years，but they had reached North America about 500 year before Christopher Columbus！Gradually，the Vikings became converted to be Christian religion.They also stopped raiding the towns of Europe，and instead of fighting，they became trading with their neighbors.Today，the Scandinavia countries are known as very peace-loving nations.

在喜马拉雅已支持实时字幕关注公众号“高效英语磨耳朵”获取文稿和音频词汇提示1.vikings 维京人2.coast 海岸3.fierce warriors 凶猛的战士4.oars 桨5.descended 传宗接代6.converted 转变原文The VikingsAbout a thousand years ago，people known as the Vikings were known and feared throughout Europe.The Vikings were the people of the northern part of Europe，called Scandinavia，which includes the modern countries of Denmark，Norway and Sweden.The Vikings made their living by farming and fishing.However，by about the year 700，they began to making attacks，or raids，upon towns along the coast of Europe in order to steal the wealth of those towns.The Vikings made their attacks very quickly and without any warning.They were very cruel to the people of the towns they attacked，and they sometimes destroyed the towns by burning down the buildings.In some parts of Europe，the local kings would often fight against the VikingsSometimes，however，the kings would pay the Vikings in order to persuade them not to attack.Although the Vikings were known as fierce warriors，they also built excellent ships，The wooden Viking ships，called longboats，were able to sail in even very bad weather.Many Viking longboats were about 20 meters long，but some were nearly 90 meters long.The Vikings sailors used both sails and oars to move their ships.The Vikings travelled across a large area.They made many of their attacks in Britain，France and Germany，but sometimes sailed south，into the Mediterranean Sea.Other Vikings moved to the east，and then south along the rivers of Russia.Some even went as far as the area that is now the country of Turkey.In some places，the Vikings decided to stay.Many Vikings settled in the England and in France，and eventually they mixed with the local people.Other people settled in Russia，and also mixed with the people there.The most famous travels of the Vikings were in the Atlantic Ocean.Vikings sailed westward to the island of Iceland where many of them stayed.Today，the people of Iceland were descended from the Vikings.Some Vikings sailed the farther west to the cold island of Greenland.Vikings lived in Greenland for several generations，but eventually they died out.Some Vikings had gone even further west and reached the Canadian island of Newfoundland.The Vikings only stayed for a few years，but they had reached North America about 500 year before Christopher Columbus！Gradually，the Vikings became converted to be Christian religion.They also stopped raiding the towns of Europe，and instead of fighting，they became trading with their neighbors.Today，the Scandinavia countries are known as very peace-loving nations.

词汇提示1.vikings 维京人2.coast 海岸3.fierce warriors 凶猛的战士4.oars 桨5.descended 传宗接代6.converted 转变原文The VikingsAbout a thousand years ago，people known as the Vikings were known and feared throughout Europe.The Vikings were the people of the northern part of Europe，called Scandinavia，which includes the modern countries of Denmark，Norway and Sweden.The Vikings made their living by farming and fishing.However，by about the year 700，they began to making attacks，or raids，upon towns along the coast of Europe in order to steal the wreath of those towns.The Vikings made their attacks very quickly and without warning.They were very cruel to the people of the towns they attacked，and they sometimes destroyed the towns by burning down the buildings.In some parts of Europe，the local kings would often fight against the VikingsSometimes，however，the kings would pay the Vikings in order to persuade them not to attack.Although the Vikings were known as fierce warriors，they also built excellent ships，The wooden Viking ships，called longboats，were able to sail in even very bad weather.Many Viking longboats were about 20 meters long，but some were nearly 90 meters long.The Vikings sailors used both sails and oars to move their ships.The Vikings travelled across a large area.They made many of their attacks in Britain，France and Germany，but sometimes sailed south，into the Mediterranean Sea.Other Vikings moved to the east，and then south long the rivers of Russia.Some even went as far as the area that is now the country of Turkey.In some places，the Vikings decided to stay.Many Vikings settled in the England and in France，and eventually they mixed with the local people.Other people settled in Russia，and also mixed with the people there.The most famous travels of the Vikings were in the Atlantic Ocean.Vikings sailed westward to the island of Iceland where many of them stayed.Today，the people of Iceland were descended from the Vikings.Some Vikings sailed the farther west to the cold island of Greenland.Vikings lived in Greenland for several generations，but eventually they died out.Some Vikings had gone even further west and reached the Canadian island of Newfoundland.The Vikings only stayed for a few years，but they had reached North America about 500 year before Christopher Columbus！Gradually，the Vikings became converted to be Christian religion.They also stopped raiding the towns of Europe，and instead of fighting，they became trading with their neighbors.Today，the Scandinavia countries are known as very peace-loving nations.

Listen to this podcast if you want to hear more about:The North Atlantic Islands of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands;Denmark-Norway colonialism in the modern-day Caribbean and Ghana and its legacies;The Greenlandic flag, 'Erfalasorput', and how it is used to respond to the Danish flag, the 'Dannebrog';Contemporary cultural and political debates on racism, including about: Is Scandinavian ‘colourblindness' a good thing?;Breaking down the perception of the Nordics as innocent or exceptional.Join the editor of nordics.info, Nicola Witcombe on her fifth virtual visit around the Nordic countries in the podcast series The Nordics Uncovered: Critical Voices from the Region. The sixth in the series is with  Cathie Jo Martin, Professor in Political Science at the Boston University.More information about the podcast can be found on nordics.info.Sound credits : freesound.org, including Lapping Waves.wav by Benboncan, and Short dance by szegvari.

Radio Sweden brings you a round-up of the main news in Sweden on March 24th, 2021. Presenter: Frank Radosevich Producer: Sujay Dutt

At the beginning of the Napoleonic era, Norway was not its own country, but rather the junior partner in the unequal combination of Denmark-Norway. Just before Bonaparte was defeated and exiled (for the first time), somehow Norway ended up detached from Denmark and "unified" with Sweden, in an act of diplomatic legerdemain that left the Norwegians fuming, the Swedes boastful and just about everyone else bewildered. As it turned out, the Norwegians decided not to take their wholesale selling-out lying down, and in 1814 an independence movement blossomed which, 91 years later, would become the basis of the modern nation of Norway that we know today. The story of this process is supremely complicated but quite interesting, featuring war at sea and on land, the intrigues of kings and princes, and a fundamental sea change in how nations are built and defined. In this episode of Second Decade, the first of a two-part series, historian Dr. Sean Munger takes you into the convoluted backdrop of Scandinavian politics in the Napoleonic era and how Norway came to be a distinct national and cultural entity. In this episode you'll learn a bit of European geography and medieval history; you'll find out what kind of craft the Danes decided to build to challenge the British Navy in a war that might otherwise have seemed hopeless; you'll meet a French field marshal who dreams of becoming Swedish royalty, a Danish crown prince who fancies the Norwegian throne, and a timber merchant and part-time diplomat who designed an independence movement from the ground up. Various other characters from the long story of the Napoleonic era make cameo appearances, including one-eyed, one-armed Lord Nelson submerged in a coffin of brandy and the little Corsican upstart himself, on his way down after the epic clowning he took in Episodes 10 through 12 of this podcast. History Classes Online at Sean's Website Free Webinar: How Historical is Indiana Jones? 22 December 2020 Sean’s Patreon Make a PayPal Donation Additional Materials About This Episode Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

1. What is the current situation? a. US – slow response, extremely poor national management, high uninsured rate, high out-of-pocket costs, and comparatively low medical system capacity b. States in competition over purchasing PPE 2. What are other countries doing? a. International experience – management, global partnering b. Asian experience – using lessons learned from SARS outbreak c. European experience – emphasize testing d. Scandinavia i. Swedish model – remained open, highest global death rate, economy in worst crisis since WWII ii. Denmark/Norway – locked down iii. Finland has low level of immunity – fears of a second wave e. Taiwan Model i. Geopolitical fight with China ii. Serious history of respiratory diseases iii. Coordinate government’s response iv. Quick and efficient in deploying counter measures 3. What have we learned? a. Proactive management like every other pandemic is crucial b. Global partnerships are crucial c. Quick and efficient testing d. US complicated with high uninsured rate, high OOP costs, low medical system capacity e. US has greater disease burden f. US has smaller workforce and acute hospital bed capacity g. Considerable variation among states _____ Make sure to subscribe to get the latest episode. Contact Us: Pharmacy Benefit News: http://www.propharmaconsultants.com/pbn.html Email: info@propharmaconsultants.com Website: http://www.propharmaconsultants.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/propharmainc Twitter: https://twitter.com/ProPharma/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/propharmainc/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pro-pharma-pharmaceutical-consultants-inc/ Podcast: https://anchor.fm/pro-pharma-talks

Note: This post may contain affiliate links. Please see The Lost Geographer's Affiliate Disclosure for more details. We're headed back to Scandinavia, and to Norway for a second time. My guest on this podcast is Sylvia Flote, a Norwegian model living in the UK. We talk everything from metal to classical compositions, and state-run liquor stores that close Saturday afternoon to being able to see the Prime Minister's tax return (as a Norwegian). Tune in to learn more!   Mentioned in this episode: Sylvia's Instagram London, United Kingdom Romania Latvia Rome, Italy Paris, France Church Point, Lousiana, USA Mardi Gras Nuremberg, Germany Nuremberg Trials Ålesund Ulsteinvik Hareid Bergen Trondheim Ibiza, Spain Oslo Marka Episode 138 - Hungary Hungary World War II New Jersey New York City Texas Carlsberg Denmark Japan Erna Solberg Bokmål Denmark-Norway (1524-1814) Ivar Aasen Nynorsk Voss Extreme Sports Week Jonsok (Midsummer) Akvavit Klubb (potato and sausage dumplings) Farikal (sheep and cabbage) Steinbit India National Minimum Age Drinking Law (US) Puerto Rico Mexico Edvard Grieg In the hall of the Mountain King Henrik Ibsen Edvard Munch The Scream A-ha Take on Me A Frog in the Fjord (Book & Blog) France

In this episode of Half-Arsed History, uncover the incredible exploits of the brazen sea captain Peter Tordenskjold, who fought for Denmark-Norway against the Swedish during the Great Northern War.

Norway (Norwegian: About this soundNorge (Bokmål) or About this soundNoreg (Nynorsk); Northern Sami: Norga; Southern Sami: Nöörje; Lule Sami: Vuodna), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi)[6] and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence also dominates Norway's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts, whereas the interior, while colder, is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country. Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,147 years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, and from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War. Norway remained neutral until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Germany until the end of Second World War. Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the European Union and the United States. Norway is also a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish. Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East. The country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists.l On the CIA's GDP (PPP) per capita list (2015 estimate) which includes autonomous territories and regions, Norway ranks as number eleven. It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1 trillion. Norway has had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world since 2009, a position also held previously between 2001 and 2006. It also had the highest inequality-adjusted ran --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

In the 1760s and 1770s, Sweden and Denmark-Norway shortly became the epicenter of press freedom protections in Enlightenment Europe.  In 1766, the Swedish Diet passed the Press Freedom Act, making Sweden the first country in the world to provide constitutional protection to both the principles of press freedom and freedom of information. In 1770, Denmark-Norway, under the de-facto rule of German physician Johan Friedrich Struensee, became the first country in the world to abolish any and all restrictions on press freedom. Almost overnight, both Sweden and Denmark-Norway experienced a new vibrant public sphere with debate, discussion and trolling. But in 1772, King Gustav III ended Sweden’s so-called Age of Liberty — and with it, the era of the liberal press. That same year, Struensee lost not only his power, but his hands, legs — and  head — as he was dismembered and ousted in a coup that severely restricted press freedom.  But how did Sweden and Denmark-Norway become trailblazers of press freedom, if only for the briefest of time? Find out in this episode where we explore: How Sweden’s Age of Liberty introduced parliamentarism but kept freedom of speech suppressed by censorship How writers like Peter Forsskål and Anders Nordencrantz argued for press freedom inspired by Enlightenment ideals How Peter Forsskål’s “Thoughts on Civil Liberty” was banned but still inspired a new generation of Swedish politicians How the MP and priest Anders Chydenius paved the way for the Press Freedom Act in the Swedish Parliament  How Struensee became the man behind the throne of the mentally ill King Christian VII How Struensee tried to usher in Enlightenment Now! with 1800 orders and edicts in 16 months How Struensee eliminated two centuries of censorship with the stroke of a pen How Struensee’s tsunami of Enlightenment reforms and sexual liberation came back to haunt him in critical pamphlets and newspapers How Struensee had to compromise his free speech ideals in 1771 How Struensee was ousted and executed by disgruntled nobles who ended his free speech experimentation and cracked down on dissent Why critical writings about herring fishery should never be allowed Why have kings, emperors, and governments killed and imprisoned people to shut them up? And why have countless people risked death and imprisonment to express their beliefs? Jacob Mchangama guides you through the history of free speech from the trial of Socrates to the Great Firewall. You can subscribe and listen to Clear and Present Danger on Apple Podcasts, Google Play, YouTube, TuneIn, and Stitcher, or download episodes directly from SoundCloud. Stay up to date with Clear and Present Danger on the show’s Facebook and Twitter pages, or visit the podcast’s website at freespeechhistory.com. Email us feedback at freespeechhistory@gmail.com.

In this episode we discuss the widening of the conflict into an international one as Denmark-Norway, Sweden, and France in turn intervene. We also discuss the conclusion of the war and its long term consequences. Colin Oliver returns as guest.   Thanks to Mike and Donna Bleskie, Ian Davis, Perry, Kimberlyn Crowe, Levent Kemal Sadikoglu, Russ Mangum, and more for supporting the show! If you’d like to do the same, please visit http://www.patreon.com/hi101. Paypal: paypal.me/hi101 Ko-fi: ko-fi.com/hipodcast

The guys discuss the cool Android app "Conspiracy",  recent Diplomacy variants being tested and talk shop. Intro The guys introduce the NEXT Hotel Pool Terrace and Bar, discuss the weather, Kaner's take on the book about the Trump administration in "Fire and Fury" and move onto their drinks (0 mins 10 secs) Amby talks about his first ever time as tournament director for the 1066 tournament at vDip. He then goes onto discuss how the tournament is being organized and his thoughts on having access to the Mods area  (5 mins 45 secs) Around the Grounds and general Dip chat Kaner talks about how he's going in his WWIV Sea Lanes game (13 mins) They think the background noises might be too loud and decide to go to another bar - that being said when Amby edited the podcast... it sounded perfectly fine! They then address Dr Recommended latest recommendation for them to sing more often (15 mins 30 secs) The guys move to Ryan's on the Park as the Irish Murphy's Bar had really bad acoustics. Amby talks semantics about what a "hotel" is in Australia (17 mins 50 secs)  The guys talk about their second lot of drinks and chat about their Christmas day (21 mins) Amby opens his Around the Grounds on his Pirates game. A player is dangerously close to soloing in this winner take all game. He discusses how the game is going  (24 mins) Next up is the Tournament of Time over at PlayDip. Amby goes onto discuss how this tournament is working and the current Ambition and Empire game and its use of the collaboration platform Slack to manage messaging. Amby's team member (Big Joe) is playing for the team as Denmark-Norway (29 mins) Kaner then discusses the free Android app "Conspiracy" which is pretty much Diplomacy for your smart phone. The guys give it a big wrap but also talk about how it could be improved particularly around the issues of community and people NMRing and CDing. Here's some screen shots from Kaner's game interface (32 mins)                     The guys talk about whether they should run some donation option for the podcast before some more drinks and belated tasting notes (52 mins) Amby discusses his now completed test game of "Punic Wars" at the Diplomail Lab playing as the Greeks. He discusses while he won, it was an incredibly challenging map and reflects on the knife-fighting game play of the Russian players (55 mins) Then he goes into discuss his role in the War of Austrian Succession play test also at the Diplomail Lab. Amby is playing as Piedmont-Sardinia and is also enjoying this map and variant. It follows pretty much standard Dip rules but in the first year players are limited in the number of armies they have even though they have more SCs that can support more units. That said if they retain their starting SCs they can build in the second year. Its got some wacky borders too. Amby discusses the "Borders" book Kaner gave him at Christmas (59 mins) Next its onto the Western World 901 variant being tested in the Diplomail Lab. Its based on the map by David E Cohen but is focused around Europe, north Africa and the north west bits of the Middle East. None of the guys are in this test game but they talk about the variant anyway before a second hat tip to Dr Recommended's singing suggestion, before a tangent about the new Star Wars movie before degenerating into an argument about Leia (1 hour 8 mins) Kaner asks Amby about how his variant development plan are going (1 hour 17 mins) Kaner gets very excited at the prospect of "Divided States" being released (1 hour 20 mins) After a brain lapse from Kaner he discusses the prospect of an American Civil War/Mexico variant on the Conspiracy app. Amby suggests perhaps it will be the Fall of the American Empire variant (1 hr 28 mins) The guys give a shout out to cjuric for his awesome review of the podcast at iTunes. They strongly encourage you to pop over to iTunes and give it 5 stars (1 hr 30 mins)   Venue: NEXT Hotel Pool Terrace and Bar, Brisbane followed by Ryan's on the Park Drinks of choice: Kaner - Mountain Goat Ale from Richmond, Victoria and the Little Creatures "Roger's" Pale Ale from Western Australia Amby - Cape Mentelle Marmaduke shiraz  from the Margaret River, Western Australia and the Shottesbrooke grenache, shiraz and mourvedre (GSM) from McLaren Vale in South Australia And thanks as always to Dan Philip for his rockin' intro to the Diplomacy Games podcast.

Stuart Elden from University of Warwick delivers a talk titled “Denmark, Norway, Poland: Regional Geopolitics in ‘Hamlet.’” This talk was included in the session titled “Region.” Part of “Early Modern Literary Geographies,” a conference held at The Huntington Oct. 14–15, 2016.