Podcasts about Muscovite

This second episode on the Calvary Maiden takes you through some of the formative years of the author, Nadezhda Durova. Durova wrote briefly of her years growing up then focused on her time dressing as a man and serving for 10 years as a low-level officer in the Czar's army, starting around 1806.Her journals were source material for Tolstoy as to the lives of those who served in the period War & Peace is set, 1805-1812.  It is presented to give you a glimpse into those frequently nameless and overlooked, who often gave their lives in the Napoleonic conflicts.Durova's story brings up still-relevant issues of identify, in terms how some who grew up in modern-day Ukraine or partitioned Poland, had different ties, (some to Polish nobility, others to Cossacks, some to Turks, others to runaway serfs), identified themselves.  A number, like Durova, graciously accepted a life of service to the Czar. Others, like the former serf, Taras Shevchenko, or the Polish Diplomat, Adam Czartoryski, advanced the idea of nationhood and identity separate from Russian domination.This episode is a brief overview of Durova's experience from when she was 4 months-old, when she begins to articulate the ever-present animosity with her mother. This is illustrated with Durova being thrown out of a moving carriage upon her mother became frustrated while nursing. Her father then gave her to the primary care of one of his male servants, who Durova clung to at the sight of her mother.  For her first four years of life, Durova's family remained on the road, in military service, where she was affected by hussars shouting, drilling and riding their horses. This lifestyle attracted her. Her Muscovite father recognized life with a growing family mandated a different position and traveled to Moscow in search of same.  It was at that time that Durova and her mother returned to her parents' home near the Poltova region in Ukraine. She spent time on the property marching, making forts, and pretending to be in hussar service.  Her maternal grandparents, who initially rejected their Ukrainian daughter marrying a Muscovite, reconciled with the situation. Durova's father eventually received a commission to become a district mayor in Sarapul, near the Kama River in the foothills of the Ural Mountains. She spent the better part of a decade in this colder climate. She would often run away and explore nearby forests and rivers. Her father accepted her adventurous inclinations and gifted her horse, Alcides, who remained with Durova well into her military service. Durova would often wake up at the crack-of-dawn and take Alcides for a liberating run, with servants becoming accustomed to this unusual dynamic.  This frustrated her mother to no end. However, her kind father and the rest of the family got a kick out of Durova's precociousness. She remained in Sarapul until her mother grew tired of her presence and encouraged sending her back to Ukraine to live with her grandmother.

In today's war diary, Nikolai Feldman and Alexey Arestovich discussed the main news on the 1097th day of war:➤ 00:00 Three years since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine: we must look to the future that Ukrainian soldiers are winning for us. New opportunities that are opening for Ukraine.➤ 04:34 Expected shared participation in the fund for Ukraine from the US and Russia in the amount of 40% each, China - at 20%.➤ 07:04 Negotiations between US, Russia and China - Ukraine refused to participate. Geopolitical problems are compensated by geoeconomics. Trump's success story?➤ 09:29 Ukraine will get the opportunity to earn with the help of of American investments.➤ 11:24 Arctic is another growth area to apply the principles of new world cooperation to. ➤ 14:14 Arestovich's task: objective information and faith in a successful outcome, especially against the backdrop of an ocean of lies from the Ukrainian authorities to the people.➤ 15:49 Ukrainian industrialist Andrey Brodsky: nobody is taking anything away from us. A fund is being created that will be engaged in restoring the Ukrainian economy. — They are protecting us, helping us, investing in us. Ukraine has drawn the gold card. It was all worth it.➤ 21:36 "Opposition" Poroshenko and Tymoshenko unite around Zelensky, taking an anti-American position. The shameless position of some European capitals. Voluntary resignation is the best that the incompetent Zelensky and his team can do.➤ 24:37 European observers in the Ukrainian parliament saw a failure of support for Zelensky.➤ 31:04 Negotiations USA, China, Russia, Ukraine: Arestovich informally defends the interests of Ukraine. Zelensky voluntarily refused to participate in the negotiations.➤ 36:04 Trump is ready to meet with Zelensky. Ukraine and the United States are close to concluding an agreement on natural resources. Do Ukrainians support Zelensky in the fight for national interests? Deceiving the people for the sake of one's power.➤ 40:34 At what point should Ukrainians have stopped considering themselves victims? An example of Putin's long will at work. Cause-and-effect relationships and the consolidation of the victim pattern. The working style of the Office of the President of Ukraine.➤ 48:22 Chronology of events. Milli, November 2022: it is necessary to consolidate the achievements on the battlefield by diplomatic means. Operations in the Kharkiv and Kherson regions. A competent retreat of the Russians.➤ 51:34 The signature style of the Muscovite kingdom is pragmatism and a cold-blooded calculation of resources to achieve goals. Ukraine's weak strategy.➤ 56:34 The main reason for Ukraine's failure in the war is extremely low level of competence of its' top military-political leadership. No will, no understanding, no pragmatism.Olexiy Arestovych (Kiev): Advisor to the Office of Ukraine President : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy_ArestovychOfficial channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjWy2g76QZf7QLEwx4cB46gNikolay Feldman - Ukranian journalist, social researcher, blogger.

Jaakko Björklund from Helsinki University tells the story of mutiny and unrest in the Swedish Army during the Ingrian War against Muscovy in 1609-1617. He identifies the sources of disconent among the domestic and foreign troups, it's expressions, and explains how it was handled by the officers. This is a story of army (in)discipline in the time when Sweden went from supporting the Muscovite state to campaigning to absorb chunks of its territory.

Join BeFluent - https://bit.ly/3PnVR6uText of this part: Дома в Москве уже всё было по-зимнему. | In Moscow, everything was already wintery. Топили печи, и по утрам, когда дети собирались в гимназию и пили чай, было темно, и няня ненадолго зажигала огонь. | The stoves were lit, and in the mornings when the children were getting ready for school and drinking tea, it was still dark, and the nanny would briefly light a fire. Уже начались морозы. | The frosts had already begun. Когда идет первый снег, в первый день езды на санях, приятно видеть белую землю, белые крыши, дышится мягко, славно, и в это время вспоминаются юные годы. | When the first snow falls, and on the first day of sleigh rides, it is pleasant to see the white ground, the white roofs, and to breathe softly, sweetly, and at that moment one recalls their youth. У старых лип и берез, белых от инея, добродушное выражение, они ближе к сердцу, чем кипарисы и пальмы, и вблизи них уже не хочется думать о горах и море. | The old lindens and birches, white with frost, have a kind expression, they are closer to the heart than cypresses and palms, and near them, one no longer wishes to think about mountains and the sea. Гуров был москвич, вернулся он в Москву в хороший, морозный день, и когда надел шубу и теплые перчатки и прошелся по Петровке, и когда в субботу вечером услышал звон колоколов, то недавняя поездка и места, в которых он был, утеряли для него всё очарование. | Gurov was a Muscovite; he returned to Moscow on a fine, frosty day, and when he put on his fur coat and warm gloves and walked down Petrovka Street, and when he heard the bells ringing on Saturday evening, the recent trip and the places he had been lost all their charm for him. Мало-помалу он окунулся в московскую жизнь, уже с жадностью прочитывал по три газеты в день и говорил, что не читает московских газет из принципа. | Little by little, he immersed himself in Moscow life, greedily reading three newspapers a day, though he would claim that he didn't read Moscow papers out of principle. Его уже тянуло в рестораны, клубы, на званые обеды, юбилеи, и уже ему было лестно, что у него бывают известные адвокаты и артисты и что в докторском клубе он играет в карты с профессором. | He was already drawn to restaurants, clubs, dinner parties, jubilees, and he was pleased that well-known lawyers and actors visited him and that he played cards with a professor at the Doctor's Club. Уже он мог съесть целую порцию селянки на сковородке... | He could now eat an entire portion of selianka from the skillet... Пройдет какой-нибудь месяц, и Анна Сергеевна, казалось ему, покроется в памяти туманом и только изредка будет сниться с трогательной улыбкой, как снились другие. | A month or so would pass, and it seemed to him that Anna Sergeyevna would fade into the mist of memory, and she would only occasionally appear in his dreams with a touching smile, as others had. Но прошло больше месяца, наступила глубокая зима, а в памяти всё было ясно, точно расстался он с Анной Сергеевной только вчера. | But more than a month passed, deep winter set in, and everything in his memory was still clear, as if he had parted with Anna Sergeyevna only yesterday.И воспоминания разгорались всё сильнее. | And the memories burned even stronger. Доносились ли в вечерней тишине в его кабинет голоса детей, приготовлявших уроки, слышал ли он романс или орган в ресторане, или завывала в камине метель, как вдруг воскресало в памяти всё: и то, что было на молу, и раннее утро с туманом на горах, и пароход из Феодосии, и поцелуи. | Whether it was the voices of children preparing lessons in the evening silence that reached his stuTelegram Channel - https://t.me/befluentinrussian

On air with Yuri Romanenko, we debunked the myths of "Russian World", which is trying to change the balance of power in the West in its favor: https://youtube.com/live/YatC247GRfk➤ 00:00 Interview of Russian “philosopher” Dugin with American journalist Carlson about understanding conservatism, human nature and Russia's role in all this.➤ 03:20 Definition of conservatism in the West and in Russia. Main Differences.➤ 04:54 Conservatism in Russia, territorial encroachments and "liberation from Western captivity". Dugin's and Shchelin's philosophy: no "special path" or original ideas.➤ 08:05 The oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible laid the foundation for the crisis of the Muscovite kingdom.➤ 09:21 Russia was successful then when it acted like Europe. Orthodoxy is a European idea.➤ 11:23 What does the addition of Ukraine and Belarus mean for Russia.➤ 12:23 Where is the original, non-European culture of Russia?➤ 13:54 Another iteration of struggle within Russia between Asian and European cultures.➤ 14:44 On what soil is Russian Federation going to grow original ideas? The only arguably original idea of Russia is state madness.➤ 17:54 “By their deeds you will know them”: the body of ideas of Shchelin and Dugin is justified with cruel actions from Bible. Shchelin is a good example of the Russian tragedy of an intellectual.➤ 21:30 Mystical gnosticism of Russians.➤ 22:45 Western conservatism versus Russian “conservatism.” Social survey: what Russians celebrate on Easter. Civilization with a twist. Announcement of a conversation about Russian conservatism between Arestovich and Peterson.➤ 30:50 Russia was created so that everyone can see what NOT to do.➤ 33:10 Basic contradiction of the Russian people.➤ 35:40 Enslavement of man: who is truly free in Russia? The state as a perfect idea: the State trumps the Individual.➤ 38:40 Bloodthirstiness of Russian intellectualism.➤ 40:45 Russian culture has mutated from the chthonic swamp civilization based on death cults.➤ 46:48 The aimlessness and “originality” of the Russian state.➤ 52:23 Russian Orthodox Church disease of the brain.➤ 54:45 Statistics of Orthodox Russia.➤ 55:35 Ukraine is the place where the Russian idea breaks down. That's why Russia wants to destroy Ukraine.➤ 58:50 The depth of trauma of the Russian soul.➤ 01:01:11 Fundraising for the Ukrainian Armed Forces.English translation #PrivateerStation. Olexiy Arestovych (Kiev): Former Advisor to the Office of the President of Ukraine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy_Arestovych Official channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/arestovych Social Media: https://lnk.bio/alexey.arestovichYuriy Romanenko, Ukraine Politologist. https://www.youtube.com/ yuriyromanenko_ukraine  

Join BeFluent - https://bit.ly/3PnVR6uText for today: Они гуляли и говорили о том, как странно освещено море; вода была сиреневого цвета, такого мягкого и теплого, и по ней от луны шла золотая полоса.They walked and talked about how strangely the sea was lit; the water was a lilac color, so soft and warm, and a golden strip ran along it from the moon. Говорили о том, как душно после жаркого дня. Гуров рассказал, что он москвич, по образованию филолог, но служит в банке; готовился когда-то петь в частной опере, но бросил, имеет в Москве два дома... They talked about how stuffy it was after a hot day. Gurov told her that he was a Muscovite, educated as a philologist, but works in a bank; he once prepared to sing in a private opera but quit, owns two houses in Moscow... А от нее он узнал, что она выросла в Петербурге, но вышла замуж в С., где живет уже два года, что пробудет она в Ялте еще с месяц и за ней, быть может, приедет ее муж, которому тоже хочется отдохнуть.And from her, he learned that she grew up in Petersburg but got married in S., where she has been living for two years, that she will stay in Yalta for about another month, and her husband might come after her, who also wants to rest. Она никак не могла объяснить, где служит ее муж, — в губернском правлении или в губернской земской управе, и это ей самой было смешно.She couldn't explain where her husband worked, in the provincial government or the provincial zemstvo administration, and she herself found it amusing. И узнал еще Гуров, что ее зовут Анной Сергеевной.And Gurov also learned that her name was Anna Sergeyevna. Потом у себя в номере он думал о ней, о том, что завтра она, наверное, встретится с ним. Так должно быть.Later, in his room, he thought about her, that tomorrow, surely, she would meet him. It had to be. Ложась спать, он вспомнил, что она еще так недавно была институткой, училась, всё равно как теперь его дочь, вспомнил, сколько еще несмелости, угловатости было в ее смехе, в разговоре с незнакомым, — должно быть, это первый раз в жизни она была одна, в такой обстановке, когда за ней ходят, и на нее смотрят, и говорят с ней только с одною тайною целью, о которой она не может не догадываться.Going to bed, he remembered that she was so recently a student, studying, just like his daughter now, remembered how much shyness, awkwardness there was in her laughter, in conversation with a stranger — it must be the first time in her life she was alone in such a situation, when people follow her, look at her, and talk to her only with one secret purpose, which she must guess. Вспомнил он ее тонкую, слабую шею, красивые, серые глаза. «Что-то в ней есть жалкое все-таки», — подумал он и стал засыпать.He recalled her thin, delicate neck, beautiful, gray eyes. "There is something pitiful about her after all," he thought and began to fall asleep.Telegram Channel - https://t.me/befluentinrussian

SERIES 2 EPISODE 127: COUNTDOWN WITH KEITH OLBERMANN A-Block (1:44) SPECIAL COMMENT: I have argued for NINE YEARS that it is essential for the media to actually CALL the crazy shit Trump says “crazy shit” all the time. I have argued for FIVE YEARS that Joe Biden should CALL the crazy shit Trump says “crazy shit.” And it's like I've been talking to the wind. And then, yesterday afternoon, from the White House lawn, CNN's senior correspondent there quoted sources saying the President has directed his senior campaign staff to focus on Trump's inflammatory comments, especially “THE CRAZY SHIT TRUMP SAYS IN PUBLIC.” No bleeping, no euphemisms, she said it – deliberately. Suddenly I feel like I'm not alone! This is the easiest way to beat Trump is to quote Trump and the easiest way to break through the numb-to-it-all white noise permitting Trump to survive as a public figure is to get angry about it, angry enough for… the CNN White House correspondent to say “the crazy shit that Trump says.” Live. From the White House lawn. At mid-day. Today, “The crazy shit that Trump says.” Tomorrow… the F-word! I want CNN to talk like that, I want Biden surrogates to talk like that, I want the presidentto go and talk like that. I want to hear the phrase “the crazy shit that Trump says” said by Joe Biden in the State of the Union, right after “Thank you Mr. Speaker.” I want it to have to be broadcast 100 times that night on 100 different channels and I want to see the right wing pundits stage phony strokes and umbrage at his locker room talk because he says it and I want it played again and again and again because IT'S… THE… TRUTH! Meanwhile, in what should shock no one: The supposed FBI whistleblower in the Hunter Biden case – the man who is at the center of the James Comer/Jim Jordan/Chuck Grassley/Donald Trump smear job against him and the president? – the one they ARRESTED last week for lying TO the FBI? Alexander Smirnov? He has now told investigators Quote: “that officials associated with Russian intelligence were involved in passing” the fabrications about Hunter Biden. Dramatic, yes. Two caveats: a) he WAS arrested for lying and b) that phrase “officials associated with Russian intelligence” now applies to about 90 percent of the Republican party. B-Block (17:29) IN SPORTS: Congratulations, Nashville and Salt Lake City. You're getting major league baseball expansion teams. Unfortunately you won't be getting them any earlier than 2032, according to ESPN. And the actor who played one of the legendary figures in the legendary Paul Newman hockey film “Slap Shot” has died. I'll say goodbye to Paul D'Amico, so fierce-looking as “Captain Hook” that they modeled the comic book character Wolverine after him. (22:52) THE WORST PERSONS IN THE WORLD: A Republican Florida state legislator has introduced a bill that experts believe will put Florida right-wing media out of business (thank God these people are that stupid); Senator Mike Lee's petition to get them to actually have an impeachment trial of Secretary Mayorkas earns only thirteen signatures; and Elon Musk's crapshack website bans and then suddenly unbans Alexei Navalny's widow. Well, Elmo's name does constitute half of the word “Muscovite,” doesn't it? C-Block (28:35) THINGS I PROMISED NOT TO TELL: Before Black History Month ends, let's take the opportunity to tell the true story of the man who broke the color line in major league baseball. He was NOT Jackie Robinson. He was not even Fleet Walker. His name was William Edward White, he played in the National League in 1879, and for whether he couldn't acknowledge his accomplishment or simply chose not to, he never did.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Congress is probably going to send approximately $50 billion more, most of that for weapons, to continue the war in Ukraine. In November, high ranking officials from the State Department testified about how the Biden administration intends to use our money and why. In this episode, hear the highlights of their testimony and decide for yourself if you think their goals are worth sacrificing more American money and Ukrainian lives. Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via Support Congressional Dish via (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Donation@congressionaldish.com Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Donation@congressionaldish.com Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! Background Sources Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes WTF is the World Trade System? Naomi Klein. Picador: 2008. Nicole Narea. October 13, 2023. Vox. Offshore Technology. Ukraine: How We Got Here Branko Marcetic. February 7, 2022. Jacobin. Stanley Reed and Andrew E. Kramer. November 5, 2013. The New York Times. Marieke Ploegmakers. February 5, 2012. All About Feed. Arseniy Yatsenyuk Official Website. Retrieved on December 16, 2023. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. The Ukraine War, by the Map Defence Intelligence, UK Ministry of Defense. December 15, 2023. GlobalSecurity.org. Visual Journalism Team. November 16, 2023. BBC News. Josh Holder. September 28, 2023. The New York Times. @war_mapper. December 31, 2022. GlobalSecurity.org. U.S. Support for Ukraine Karoun Demirjian. December 6, 2023. The New York Times. The IMF in Ukraine Oleksandra Betliy. May 5, 2023. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. March 31, 2023. International Monetary Fund. Estelle Nilsson-Julien and Ilaria Federico. March 5, 2023. Euronews. December 21, 2022. International Monetary Fund. Diplomacy Connor Echols. December 1, 2023. Responsible Statecraft. Seymour Hersh. December 1, 2023. Seymour Hersh on Substack. Olena Roshchina. November 24, 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. The Toll of War Jonathan Landay. December 12, 2023. Reuters. John Mazerolle. December 8, 2023. CBC News. Inae Oh. November 8, 2023. Mother Jones. Oleg Sukhov. September 28, 2023. The Kyiv Independent. Israel-Palestine Ian Black. Narrated by Michael Page. Tantor Audio: 2018. Darryl Cooper. The Martyrmade Podcast. Audio Sources November 8, 2023 Senate Foreign Relations Committee Witnesses: , Assistant Secretary of State, European and Eurasian Affairs , Assistant Secretary of State, Energy Resources , Assistant Administrator, Europe and Eurasia, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Clips 1:55 Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD): The supplemental funding will strengthen governance and anti-corruption systems. It will improve the resilience of our economies and our energy supply. It will support efforts to come out of the other side of this. We're ready for Ukraine to join EU and also NATO. But this investment in Ukraine goes far beyond its borders. By degrading Russia's military capabilities, we're also degrading the capabilities of those who Russia works with, like Iran, Hamas, and Hezbollah. 10:30 Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD): First Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs James O'Brien. Assistant Secretary O'Brien assumed his role just last month after serving as sanctions coordinator at the State Department. He is a former career employee of the department receiving numerous performance awards and serve to previous US administration's as Special Presidential Envoy for hostages and for the Balkans. 11:00 Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD): The next will be Assistant Secretary for Energy Resources, Jeffrey R. Pyatt. No stranger to this committee, career diplomat Assistant Secretary Pyatt has been in his current role since September 2022. He served as US Ambassador to Greece and Ukraine. He has held numerous leadership positions through out the department and has won numerous awards. 11:25 Sen. Ben Cardin (D-MD): And our third witness is Assistant Administrator Erin McKee, who serves as the Assistant Administrator in the Bureau of Europe and Eurasia at USAID. Prior to this position, she was the US Ambassador to Papua New Guinea and to the Solomon Islands. Prior to her Ambassador appointments, as a member of the Senior Foreign Service she served in numerous leadership roles throughout USAID and the embassies abroad. Before her US government career she developed private sector experience including throughout the former Soviet Union. 14:40 James O'Brien: This is around the Black Sea and Crimea. Ukraine has, through its own ingenuity and with weapons that have been provided, loosened Russia's grip. Russia tried to blockade the ability of Ukraine to export, but now Ukraine is starting to export more grain, more metals. And this is enabling it to pay for more of its war itself. So just a few numbers as we go through this. Ukraine is hoping to get about 8 million tons of grain and metals out through the Black Sea over the course of the next year. If it does that, it will provide about $5-6 billion more for its tax base than it has now. That helps to make up the shortfall that our supplemental will cover for the meantime. But it also then provides the employment for millions of its citizens to work within Ukraine. Now, that is a path to victory where we help Ukraine by providing assistance to have its energy grid strengthened, air defense over its employment centers, and the export routed needs so that it is able to fight this fight over the long term and to hold Russia off thereafter. 15:50 James O'Brien: The military assistance in the supplemental is about $45 billion. That goes to acquire American equipment that Ukraine will then use to pay for American service people to support Ukraine and to pay other countries to acquire American equipment after they provide equipment to Ukraine. 16:05 James O'Brien: The direct budget support that we provide to Ukraine enables Ukraine to put all of its tax dollars to support the war. Ukraine pays for about 60% of the costs of this war right now. The direct budget support pays for hundreds of thousands of educators, first responders, firefighters, and health care professionals to work within Ukraine. 16:55 James O'Brien: The next question is, who's with us? We have more than 40 countries. They provide much more assistance to Ukraine than we do. It's about $91 billion to our $70 billion so far. They've hosted 4.5 million Ukrainian refugees at a cost of around $18 billion. They are proposing another $50 billion in assistance just from the European Union. 17:30 James O'Brien: Right now, Ukrainians are willing to do this job because it's in their territory. If we abandon them, then somebody else is going to have to do this job later and it's likely to be us. So I'd rather confront Russia and its destabilizing attitudes right here, right now, and we can finish the job with the supplemental that we've proposed for your consideration. 18:45 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: For Ukraine, this coming winter promises to be even more challenging than the last. Ukraine's generation capacity has degraded about 50% since the start of the war. Ukrainian energy workers have labored day and night, often under fire, to repair, restore, and harden grid and generation facilities, often by cannibalizing parts from elsewhere. But most spare parts by now have been consumed, and Russia has recently resumed its bombardment of power plants and refineries, including just this morning in eastern Ukraine. 20:50 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: The World Bank has estimated that after last winter, Ukraine needed at least $411 billion to rebuild its infrastructure. That was eight months ago. Every day that number grows. Electricity grid damage alone amounted to $10 billion in 2022. Ukraine's economic future depends on investment by the private sector, and energy is key to unlocking that industrial recovery. 21:25 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: American energy companies like Halliburton, GE, and EQT have been active partners in this effort, providing vital equipment to Ukraine and actively exploring future commercial opportunities. We're working together to build a better future for and with Ukraine -- modern, cleaner, and with a more decentralized power sector that is fully integrated with Europe, even serving as a power exporter to the rest of the European Union. 22:10 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: After the full scale invasion, US LNG producers stepped up to surge supplies to Europe, as our allies turned away from Russia as an energy source. Since 2022, US exporters have supplied the EU with approximately 90 million tons of LNG -- three times as much as the next largest supplier. Last year, 70% of US LNG exports went to Europe. Europe's shift away from Russian energy has happened much faster than predicted, and marks a permanent shift in the International Energy map. 25:30 Erin McKee: In response to the immediate crisis, USAID has provided nearly $2 billion in humanitarian assistance to Ukraine since February of 2022. The generosity of the American people has supplied emergency health care, agriculture and energy support to Ukraine's most vulnerable populations. And thanks to the Congressional appropriations, USAID disbursed reliable, sustained direct budget support to the Ukrainian government, along with unprecedented levels of oversight. This enabled first responders, health care workers, teachers and others to continue their vital work and sustain Ukraine's economy and institutions while they defend their country's freedom and sovereignty. 26:10 Erin McKee: To respond to Russia's weaponization of hunger, USAID launched the Agriculture Resilience Initiative to keep farmers afloat. USAID also works very closely with the private sector to improve Ukraine's energy security and transform Ukraine's energy sector into a modern engine of growth. Side by side with our agriculture and energy efforts is USAID's support to small and medium enterprises, helping Ukraine increase jobs and generate revenue. 26:45 Erin McKee: At this time, there is no funding left for direct budget support. Without further appropriations, the government of Ukraine would need to use emergency measures such as printing money or not paying critical salaries, which could lead to hyperinflation and severely damage the war effort. USAID has also exhausted all of its supplemental humanitarian assistance funds. Additional funding is critical in the face of what remains an enormous need. If Congress does not approve supplemental funding, our partner organizations in Ukraine would have to either reduce the number of people getting this humanitarian assistance by up to 75% or suspend our humanitarian programs entirely. 27:30 Erin McKee: USAID also looks to the future to building resilient infrastructure and institutions that will support Ukraine's path towards European Union integration. For decades, USAID has buttressed Ukraine's progress towards transparent, inclusive and accountable governance. The United States continues to help Ukraine carry out judicial reform, institutionalized transparent financial systems, and respond to the people of Ukraine's zero tolerance for corruption. 33:15 Erin McKee: They have not skipped a beat in advancing the reform agenda. The EU report just came out this morning and both Ukraine and Moldova, and a variety of other countries, received support for continuing and opening chapters of recession talks. That's because our support to strengthening and deepening the institutions fighting corruption in Ukraine have received the top priority from the President. They had to pass and meet conditionality that we put on our direct budget support and did so without blinking. So while they're fighting a war and fighting for their survival, they are 100% dedicated to ensuring that the political economy model that they inherited during the Soviet Union is dismantled, which reflects the will of the Ukrainian people. 34:35 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: And one of the real success stories amid the tragedy of this war is that Europe has turned decisively away from its dependence, up until 2022, on Russian gas in particular. I see that as a permanent change in the landscape. It's reflected in the billions of dollars that European countries have invested in regasification facilities. It's reflected in the contracts that are being signed with American LNG producers. And it's also reflected in Europe's renewed and doubled commitment to accelerating the pace of its energy transition. So ironically, Putin's weaponization of his energy resource has induced Europe to break its vulnerability there and I think that is a permanent change in the landscape. That is also a positive benefit for American energy producers in our leadership on the energy transition. 35:55 Sen. James Risch (R-ID): I want to talk about the nuclear reactors we have in the United States, of which there are 95, give or take a few. Would you tell the committee, please, where does the fuel come from to operate these nuclear facilities? Geoffrey R. Pyatt: So, Ranking Member, about 20% of the fuel that operates our nuclear fleet here in the United States still comes from Russia. The President has included in his latest supplemental request for about $2.2 billion to help rebuild the nuclear enrichment capacity that we need here in the United States to end that dependency. And the administration has also stated its support for a ban on the import of Russian nuclear fuel. 43:30 Erin McKee: Right now Ukraine is able to spend all of their national budget in the fight. They are paying their soldiers salaries, they are dedicated to defeating Putin on the front lines. That means they don't have any resources to take care of their people and govern, which is as vital to keep up the unity of purpose and the resilience that we've seen from the Ukrainian people, because they're all in, both on the civilian and the military side. So the types of services that would be suspended are first responders who rush into the building and save lives, medical care to make sure that inoculations stay up so that the Ukrainian population stays healthy, particularly children's routine immunizations. We heard reports of polio outbreaks and some other concerns during the early days of the mass emigration of folks fleeing the conflict. We also are supporting teachers and continuing education so that they don't lose a generation as a result of Putin's attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure so that the kids can stay in school, and that those families — Sen. Chris Coons (D-DE): Am I correct that the direct budget support requested gradually goes down over the next year, as the economy becomes more vibrant and we assess Ukraine is able to generate more revenue? Erin McKee: Correct. The direct budget support and their fiscal stability is also vital for the IMF program and other donors stepping in. Our leadership in this space -- and yes, we were first -- unlocked the other support that we've seen mobilized from the EU and other donors, as well as boosting the confidence in the multilaterals to be able to contribute to Ukraine's economic stability, which is as vital as winning the war. If their economy collapses, Putin will have won. 47:55 Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): As Harvard's Graham Allison points out, if Putin is forced to choose between humiliating defeat on the one hand and escalating the level of destruction, there's every reason to believe he chooses the latter. There's a great deal of evidence that the war in Ukraine has come to a stalemate. Even Ukraine's Commander in Chief of the armed services has admitted as much. In Graham Allison's view, the Ukraine war has escalated far enough to see how bad things would become if we end up in a world where nuclear weapons are used. Allison believes that where we are now, both for Putin's Russia and for the Biden-led US and the Western alliance, it's time to search for an off ramp for all the parties. What is being done at the State Department to search for an off ramp. James O'Brien: Thank you, Senator. A few points. I mean, I can speak to the foreign policy implications. My belief is if we don't stand with Ukraine now, we'll be spending much more on defense in the future. Much of this supplemental goes to reinvest in the United States, so far from rot and ruin, we're actually shoring up the foundations in our energy sector as Assistant Secretary Pyatt — Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): So your argument is that war and funding war around the world is good for our armaments industry. James O'Brien: I'm saying this supplemental is good for our economy — Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): For the armaments industry. So really, it's a justification of war. To me, that's sort of reprehensible -- and this is coming from my side as well -- the idea that "Oh, glory be, the war's really not that bad. Broken windows are not that bad, because we pay people to fix them. Broken countries are not so bad, because hey, look, the armaments industry is gonna get billions of dollars out of this." I think that's a terrible argument. I wish y'all would go back to your freedom arguments or something. But the idea that you're going to enrich the armaments manufacturers, I think is reprehensible. James O'Brien: Well, Senator, I'm not making the argument war is good. I'm making the argument, in this case, war is necessary. Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): And that we can make a little profit on the side. It's not so bad since the armaments guys who make a lot of profit on this, right. James O'Brien: Senator, I think you're proposing a kind of false choice that Ieither have to say that or say nothing. What I'm saying is that our economy rests on a foundation of innovation. And in the supplemental, we're investing in our energy sector — Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): But the money is borrowed. We're borrowing the money. We don't have it. We don't have a pot of money. So what you're arguing is, in essence, that we borrow the money from China, we send it to Ukraine, Ukraine, sends it back to buy arms from us, and that's a win-win. How do we win when we're borrowing money to pay people. See this is this false sort of argument that "oh, look, we'll create five jobs for every dollar we spend," but we're borrowing the money. It doesn't make any sense. It's coming from somewhere where it would be a productive use, into the use of basically fomenting a war and continuing on a war. James O'Brien: No, that's not the choice in front of us, Senator. And I'm sorry that you feel that that's the way you want to frame it. The choice in front of us is do we invest in the capacities that allow this war to be won? Those include capacities in energy, in defense, in IT, and they include — Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): Let's get away from funding the armaments people. You know, I'm not for that. But the original question is, what are you doing to develop an off ramp? You know, when I listen to your presentations, it sounds like the Department of War, I don't hear the Department of diplomacy in front of me. Where are the diplomats? Is anybody talking about negotiation? Do you really believe that Ukraine is gonna push Russia out of out of Ukraine, they're gonna push them out of Crimea, push them out of the East, and that Zelenskyy's is position, "we will not negotiate till they're gone from Ukraine," is viable? And that there's not going to have to be some negotiation beforehand? If you believe that, though, the meat grinder continues and Ukraine will be in utter destruction and tens of thousands more people will die if there is no negotiation. You would think that as a superpower, we would be involved somewhat with encouraging negotiation. But I've heard nothing from you, and nothing from anyone in your administration, frankly, that talks about negotiating. James O'Brien: Well, Senator, then I hope you would sit down and talk with me about what we're doing in this regard. Here, I'll give you a little sense of it. All wars end with a negotiation. We've made clear we'll do that with Ukraine, not over Ukraine's head. It takes two parties to negotiate the end of a war. President Putin is not serious about negotiating the end of the war. He has said he wants to wait and see what happens in November 2024. We're preparing for that eventuality so we can have a negotiation that will actually stick as opposed to the track record of broken agreements that President Putin has made with a whole range of his neighbors up until now. So that's successful diplomacy, not mere diplomacy. Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY): There are actually some who say we're back to about where we started as far as negotiating and tens of thousands of people have died on both sides, and we haven't been successful. But I still hear only war and I don't hear diplomacy. James O'Brien: No but I think what we're looking at is successful diplomacy. I just spent last weekend with 66 countries talking about the basis of a successful peace in Ukraine. Russia didn't show up. That, again, is the problem. You don't have a willing partner on the other side, so simply saying that there must be talks is -- you're asking for a monologue, not diplomacy. 55:00 Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR): You know, I'm really struck by the parallel to the journey of Chamberlain to Munich to say, "Okay, Hitler, you can take a third of Czechoslovakia" and then he declared peace in our time, under the assumption that somehow this would not whet Hitler's appetite. Did Chamberlain's strategy work? James O'Brien: No. Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR): Will this strategy now, of us bailing on Ukraine to appease Putin, work? James O'Brien: No, it'll invite more aggression. 1:01:40 Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-NE): Do you think we should condition US aid to prevent US tax dollars from supporting PRC-owned or controlled entities from providing the reconstruction? James O'Brien: Senator, we do. That's why it's so important to have the supplemental so that we remain in the game and can set the conditions that make it impossible for opaque, illegitimate contractors like the Chinese to enter. And I know my colleagues can speak at some length about how in energy, telecomms, and other sectors we do exactly that. But if we're not there, then we can't we can't provide the guarantees you want. 1:05:35 James O'Brien: There are about $2.2 billion to go to both the energy supply and to the economic activity that's needed for Ukraine to begin to repair its access to the outside world. That's also important to us. When Russia invaded Ukraine, grain prices went up six times in many places around the world, because Ukraine is an incredibly important part of the global grain trade. The work that AID does to help Ukrainian farmers get their products to market, in the supplemental, the $100 million that is for demining will help farmers get their product to market. All of that directly benefits the markets in which our consumers are a part. So if we do all that, if we can get them to about pre-war export levels, that's an extra $6 billion a year in tax revenue just from the exports, as well as what the industries pay and what happens around the society. Now, Secretary Pritzker, and she should come and testify this herself, she's doing an outstanding job at building a strategy that lets us focus our efforts in key places, so that Ukraine's economy will begin to work and contribute to the global economy, even while this war is going on. All of that works together to make sure that Ukraine can succeed and has the leverage needed when we get to a negotiation, as Senator Paul wants. 1:13:55 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: So I would point out that the greatest threat to the energy grid today are the Shahed drones, which Russia is now beginning to industrialize the production of those. We can talk about that in a classified setting, but there is a direct Iran-Russia nexus in the attacks on Ukraine's energy system. 1:24:10 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: We are working as hard as we can to accelerate that trend. We do that through two mechanisms. One is by accelerating our energy transition, both here in the United States, but also globally, as the Biden administration has done through the Inflation Reduction Act to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. But the other aspect of this is what we are doing systematically to reduce Russia's future energy revenue. Just last week, for instance, we leveled new sanctions against a project in the in the Arctic, Arctic LNG 2, which is Novatek's flagship LNG project, which Novatek set in motion with the aspiration of developing Russia as the largest LNG exporter in the world. Our objective is to kill that project, and we're doing that through our sanctions, working with our partners in the G7 and beyond. 1:26:00 James O'Brien: Russia is losing its lucrative markets. That's what got it rich enough to afford this war. It's losing out in the sectors of innovation that are going to drive economic development in the future. So we look at this and say, "Does it put pressure on Putin to get to the table?" Well, yes, it does. It's going to take a little time. He started the war with 640 billion in a rainy day fund. By the start of this year, despite record profits last year, he was down around 580, we immobilized 300 of that, and he spent down further from there. So that gives them a year, two years maybe, of run room on that rainy day fund that all came from selling oil and gas. So that's gone. The second thing is that we don't see Russia able to play in the sectors that are going to drive innovation and economic growth in the future. The areas of quantum mechanics, artificial intelligence, the energy transition, including the new nuclear technologies that are coming on board, and Senator Risch, your work on this I really appreciate, because Russia entangled countries in these long term networks of corruption, with generation-long Rosatom contracts. We're now competing for those again, and taking those sectors away from Russia. That changes the long term prospect from what it was. The result of all this is we anticipate that Russia's GDP is going to be at least 20% smaller by 2030 than it would be if Putin had not started this war. So it's a long term strategic loss for him, and it creates a great opportunity for us in a number of important sectors. 1:35:30 Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL): I understand, and this is not critical. I agree that we can't allow borders to be changed unilaterally and we have to stand with our allies. I'm not diminishing any of those things. But those arguments are too vague. They make sense here, but I'm just telling you they're too vague. This notion that we need to do whatever it takes for however long it takes, is also misguided. Not because that's not necessarily what we need to do, but because that's not going to be enough for people who are asking these questions. I would just say if you had an opportunity, any of you three, or all you three to talk to someone, say someone that came up to me a week ago and said, "Why are we still putting all this money in Ukraine. I hate Putin, I hate what he's done, but we've got all these other things domestically and in other parts of the world that are more important, including China, and now what's happening in the Middle East. How are we going to be spending $60 billion every six months? For how long? Given the debt that we already have?" What would you say to them? And how would you explain to them that this fits into their national interest in that perspective I've just outlined? James O'Brien: That's really well framed, Senator, so I'll do my best here. I think the first thing I'd say is you got to shore up your own base. If we're going to confront China over the next decades, it's 1.4 billion people, that's looking to write the rules that the world economy will run on. We go at them with a coalition of 50-odd countries, Europe is about 600-700 million of that, we're 350 million. With that already, we're set to compete really effectively. Ukraine, though, is a challenge by Putin trying to fray that foundation. So we have to shore that up if we're going to have the heft to compete with China over time. The battle over Ukraine also allows us to reinvigorate our own industrial base, we're creating new energy technologies and putting them in place around the world. We're building new defense technologies, the work that's being done in IT, all of that's included in this supplemental, and that's going to make us better able to defend Taiwan, to work in the South China Sea, than we have otherwise. The final point I'd make is, this is the wrong time to walk away because Ukraine's winning. It's already taken back half the territory Putin seized since February 2022. It opened up the Black Sea grain lanes that Putin tried to shut down in July, did that mostly with its own creativity around a whole set of interesting drones and other technologies that are going to contribute to our security as Ukraine gets closer to NATO. So those are all reasons you don't walk away when you're partway through the job. 1:41:10 Geoffrey R. Pyatt: Ukraine is not a charity case. In economic and development terms, it's an opportunity. Developing that opportunity depends on restoring a level of peace. But as we look to the future, you're going to have a Europe which has decoupled from Russian energy supplies, which means that there's a hole of about 130 BCM per year in energy supply that Europe is going to have to fill. Over the short term, some of that is American LNG, but that's a very expensive option. Ukraine has fantastic resources on wind, on solar, on biomass. It has Europe's second largest civil nuclear industry. It has developed and has demonstrated an extraordinary technological acuity. Just look at how clever Ukrainian soldiers have been in the application of drone technology. These are all the skill sets that Ukraine will need to prosper as a member of the European Union. My colleague, Assistant Administrator McKee, referred to the statement which European President Vanderlaan delivered today welcoming the significant progress that Ukraine has made on its reforms, and her and the Commission's determination to move ahead with Ukraine's accession to the European Union. And I would say as somebody who served as an American ambassador in the EU for six years, what Ukraine represents is a demographically young population, a population which is fantastically committed to the values of the European Union. Ukraine is the only place in the world where people have fought and died under the flag of the EU for the values that are represented in the European constitutions. So I think these are the investments in the leadership that Secretary Pritzker is providing to help our companies and companies around the world begin to make plans for the day after and to work with Ukrainians to keep pushing forward the reforms, which are fundamental to creating the environment where American energy companies, renewable energy companies can come into Ukraine, where we can use Ukraine to help to fill the huge challenges that our global supply chain faces. In the Soviet Union, Ukraine was the center of Soviet metallurgy, the center of Soviet petrochemicals industries, all of those latent skills are still there. You talked about nuclear, Ukraine has a company in Kharkiv, Turboatom, which is one of the few facilities in all of Europe that has the industrial capacity to produce the large steel enclosures that are part of building modern nuclear reactors. So I applaud your focus on this and I know I speak for all three of us and how systematically we're focused on trying to lay the foundation for that better future that the Ukrainian people so richly deserve. 1:53:55 James O'Brien: Ukraine has won back 50% of the territory Russia took since February of 2022. The second piece that's important: Putin is playing a waiting game, like many Muscovite rulers before him. So it's difficult to get a decisive battle. So what we need is what's in the supplemental that has the ability to fight this fight over some time, and we do see real success. So in the Black Sea, Russia attempted to stop Ukraine from exporting. In July, exports were down 2-2.5 million tons; they're already more than doubled, and expect to see them go up substantially more. That's because of what Ukraine has done with its technology and its new weapons systems, more of which would be provided by the supplemental. February 4, 2014 On Demand News on YouTube Speakers: Victoria Nuland, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, 2013-2017 Geoffrey Pyatt, United States Ambassador to Ukraine, 2013-2016 Clips Victoria Nuland: Good. So I don't think Klitsch [Vitali Klitschko] should go into the government. I don't think it's necessary, I don't think it's a good idea. Geoffrey Pyatt: Yeah, I mean I guess, in terms of him not going into the government, just sort of letting him stay out and do his political homework and stuff. I'm just thinking in terms of, sort of, the process moving ahead, we want to keep the moderate Democrats together. The problem is going to be Tyahnybok and his guys and I'm sure that's part of what Yanukovych is calculating on all this. Victoria Nuland: I think Yatz [Arseniy Yatsenyuk] is the guy with the economic experience, the governing experience. He's the guy. What he needs is Klitsch [Vitali Klitschko] And Tyahnybok On the outside, he needs to be talking to them four times a week. You know, I just think Klitsch [Vitali Klitschko] Going in he's going to be at that level working for Yatsenyuk it's just not gonna work. Geoffrey Pyatt: We want to get someone out here with an international personality to come out here and help to midwife this thing. And then the other issue is some kind of outreach to Yanukovych. We'll probably regroup on that tomorrow as we see how things fall into place. Victoria Nuland: So on that piece, Jeff, I wrote the note, Sullivan's come back to me saying “you need Biden,” and I said probably tomorrow for an attaboy and get the deets to stick, Biden's willing. Geoffrey Pyatt: Great. December 19, 2013 The Atlantic Council Speaker: John McCain, U.S. Senator from Arizona, 1987-2018 Clips 16:45 Sen. John McCain: If Ukraine's political crisis persists or deepens, which is a real possibility, we must support creative Ukrainian efforts to resolve it. Senator Murphy and I heard a few such ideas last weekend—from holding early elections, as the opposition is now demanding, to the institution of a technocratic government with a mandate to make the difficult reforms required for Ukraine's long-term economic health and sustainable development. Decisions such as these are for Ukrainians to make—no one else—and if they request our assistance, we should provide it where possible. Finally, we must encourage the European Union and the IMF to keep their doors open to Ukraine. Ultimately, the support of both institutions is indispensable for Ukraine's future. And eventually, a Ukrainian President, either this one or a future one, will be prepared to accept the fundamental choice facing the country, which is this: While there are real short-term costs to the political and economic reforms required for IMF assistance and EU integration, and while President Putin will likely add to these costs by retaliating against Ukraine's economy, the long-term benefits for Ukraine in taking these tough steps are far greater and almost limitless. This decision cannot be borne by one person alone in Ukraine. Nor should it be. It must be shared—both the risks and the rewards—by all Ukrainians, especially the opposition and business elite. It must also be shared by the EU, the IMF and the United States. All of us in the West should be prepared to help Ukraine, financially and otherwise, to overcome the short-term pain that reforms will require and Russia may inflict. April 20, 1994 Southern Center for International Studies Speaker: Arthur Dunkel, Director-General of the World Trade Organization, 1980-1993 Clips 26:55 Arthur Dunkel: If I look back at the last 25 years, what did we have? We had two worlds: The so-called Market Economy world and the centrally planned world; the centrally planned world disappeared. One of the main challenges of the Uruguay round has been to create a world wide system. I think we have to think of that. Secondly, why a world wide system? Because, basically, I consider that if governments cooperate in trade policy field, you reduce the risks of tension – political tension and even worse than that." Music by Editing Production Assistance

[Explicit Content] Trump's pouty day in court. Trump lied about a jury trial and the statute of limitations. This case is about disgorgement. Bernie Kerik and Scott Hall have flipped on Trump. Elon Musk's white nationalist blueprint for Twitter. Darren Beattie outlined everything that's happened with Twitter before Elon bought it. Who texted the article to Elon? Russian propagandists praise Elon Musk and give him a new nickname. John Kelly confirms the "suckers and losers" story. Matt Gaetz called for vacating the speakership. Arizona is investigating election crimes by Trump's henchmen. With Buzz Burbank, music by Freekbass, Luke LeBlanc, and more!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The four men, still in their Muscovite disguises, say goodbye to the Ladies, who laugh at their abysmal performances. Soon, the men return undisguised only to be berated by the women for their antics. Berowne blames Boyet for spoiling their fun when Costard arrives to invite them to their play, “The Nine Worthies”. The King resists but the Princess persuades him to see the show. That evening, the Royals attend the play at Howard University's Ira Aldridge Theater and are delighted by the accidental comedy staged by Holofernes, Don Armado, Moth, Costard and the rest of the players. The Play On Podcast series, “LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST”, was written by WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE and translated into modern English verse by JOSH WILDER. Each episode was directed by NELSON T. EUSEBIO the THIRD. The cast is as follows: RUSSELL G. JONES as THE KING OF NAVARRE and THE FORESTER MATTHEW ELIJAH WEBB as BEROWNE ASHLEY BRYANT as THE PRINCESS and JAQUENETTA TIFFANY RACHELLE STEWART as ROSALINE TONYA PINKINS as MARIA, HOLOFERNES, and HIEMS SHAWN RANDALL as COSTARD and DUMAINE BRANDON JONES as DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO and LONGAVILLE WALTER COPPAGE as MOTH, BOYET, DULL and MARCADE SARITA COVINGTON as LADY NATHANIEL and KATHARINE Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON Original Music and Sound Design by LINDSAY JONES.  Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI.  Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH.  Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio.  Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. For more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Holofernes and Nathaniel pontificate about linguistics over dinner until Armado arrives. Holofernes perks up when Armado describes his friendship with the King, who has asked Armado to present a “delightful performance” for them all to enjoy. Holofernes proposes that they present “The Nine Worthies” and assigns their parts, with Armado as Judas Maccabeus and Moth as Hercules. Back at the Princess's tent, she and her girlfriends laugh in delight at the love letters and gifts the King and his pals have sent to woo them. Soon, Boyet arrives laughing at what he's just seen: The King, Berowne, Longaville and Dumaine have put on disguises and plan to court the ladies as “Muscovites”. The Princess convinces her friends to get back at the men by disguising themselves as each other: The Princess will pretend to be Rosaline, Rosaline will pretend to be the Princess, Maria will be Katharine and Katharine will be Maria. The suitors arrive in their Muscovite costumes with the Howard Marching band in tow and end up getting completely fooled by the ladies.  The Play On Podcast series, “LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST”, was written by WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE and translated into modern English verse by JOSH WILDER. Each episode was directed by NELSON T. EUSEBIO the THIRD. The cast is as follows: RUSSELL G. JONES as THE KING OF NAVARRE and THE FORESTER MATTHEW ELIJAH WEBB as BEROWNE ASHLEY BRYANT as THE PRINCESS and JAQUENETTA TIFFANY RACHELLE STEWART as ROSALINE TONYA PINKINS as MARIA, HOLOFERNES, and HIEMS SHAWN RANDALL as COSTARD and DUMAINE BRANDON JONES as DON ADRIANO DE ARMADO and LONGAVILLE WALTER COPPAGE as MOTH, BOYET, DULL and MARCADE SARITA COVINGTON as LADY NATHANIEL and KATHARINE Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON Original Music and Sound Design by LINDSAY JONES.  Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI.  Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH.  Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio.  Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “LOVE'S LABOUR'S LOST” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. For more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This interview delves into a book that is indebted to the scholarly work with which New Books Network founder, Marshall Poe, began his career: ‘A People Born to Slavery': Russia in Early Modern European Ethnography, 1476–1748 (Cornell UP, 2000), a seminal critical study of perceptions of Russia as derived from early modern foreigners' accounts. Between the late fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries, the State of Muscovy emerged from being a rather homogenous Russian-speaking and Orthodox medieval principality to becoming a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Not only the conquest of the neighboring Tatar Khanates and the colonization of Siberia demanded the integration of non-Christian populations into the Russian state. The ethnic composition of the capital and other towns also changed due to Muscovite policies of recruiting soldiers, officers, and specialists from various European countries, as well as the accommodation of merchants and the resettlement of war prisoners and civilians from annexed territories. The presence of foreign immigrants was accompanied by controversy and conflicts, which demanded adaptations not only in the Muscovite legal, fiscal, and economic systems but also in the everyday life of both native citizens and immigrants. This book combines two major research fields on international relations in the State of Muscovy: the migration, settlement, and integration of Western Europeans, and Russian and European perceptions of the respective "other". Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

This interview delves into a book that is indebted to the scholarly work with which New Books Network founder, Marshall Poe, began his career: ‘A People Born to Slavery': Russia in Early Modern European Ethnography, 1476–1748 (Cornell UP, 2000), a seminal critical study of perceptions of Russia as derived from early modern foreigners' accounts. Between the late fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries, the State of Muscovy emerged from being a rather homogenous Russian-speaking and Orthodox medieval principality to becoming a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Not only the conquest of the neighboring Tatar Khanates and the colonization of Siberia demanded the integration of non-Christian populations into the Russian state. The ethnic composition of the capital and other towns also changed due to Muscovite policies of recruiting soldiers, officers, and specialists from various European countries, as well as the accommodation of merchants and the resettlement of war prisoners and civilians from annexed territories. The presence of foreign immigrants was accompanied by controversy and conflicts, which demanded adaptations not only in the Muscovite legal, fiscal, and economic systems but also in the everyday life of both native citizens and immigrants. This book combines two major research fields on international relations in the State of Muscovy: the migration, settlement, and integration of Western Europeans, and Russian and European perceptions of the respective "other". Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

This interview delves into a book that is indebted to the scholarly work with which New Books Network founder, Marshall Poe, began his career: ‘A People Born to Slavery': Russia in Early Modern European Ethnography, 1476–1748 (Cornell UP, 2000), a seminal critical study of perceptions of Russia as derived from early modern foreigners' accounts. Between the late fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries, the State of Muscovy emerged from being a rather homogenous Russian-speaking and Orthodox medieval principality to becoming a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Not only the conquest of the neighboring Tatar Khanates and the colonization of Siberia demanded the integration of non-Christian populations into the Russian state. The ethnic composition of the capital and other towns also changed due to Muscovite policies of recruiting soldiers, officers, and specialists from various European countries, as well as the accommodation of merchants and the resettlement of war prisoners and civilians from annexed territories. The presence of foreign immigrants was accompanied by controversy and conflicts, which demanded adaptations not only in the Muscovite legal, fiscal, and economic systems but also in the everyday life of both native citizens and immigrants. This book combines two major research fields on international relations in the State of Muscovy: the migration, settlement, and integration of Western Europeans, and Russian and European perceptions of the respective "other". Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/russian-studies

This interview delves into a book that is indebted to the scholarly work with which New Books Network founder, Marshall Poe, began his career: ‘A People Born to Slavery': Russia in Early Modern European Ethnography, 1476–1748 (Cornell UP, 2000), a seminal critical study of perceptions of Russia as derived from early modern foreigners' accounts. Between the late fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries, the State of Muscovy emerged from being a rather homogenous Russian-speaking and Orthodox medieval principality to becoming a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Not only the conquest of the neighboring Tatar Khanates and the colonization of Siberia demanded the integration of non-Christian populations into the Russian state. The ethnic composition of the capital and other towns also changed due to Muscovite policies of recruiting soldiers, officers, and specialists from various European countries, as well as the accommodation of merchants and the resettlement of war prisoners and civilians from annexed territories. The presence of foreign immigrants was accompanied by controversy and conflicts, which demanded adaptations not only in the Muscovite legal, fiscal, and economic systems but also in the everyday life of both native citizens and immigrants. This book combines two major research fields on international relations in the State of Muscovy: the migration, settlement, and integration of Western Europeans, and Russian and European perceptions of the respective "other". Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This interview delves into a book that is indebted to the scholarly work with which New Books Network founder, Marshall Poe, began his career: ‘A People Born to Slavery': Russia in Early Modern European Ethnography, 1476–1748 (Cornell UP, 2000), a seminal critical study of perceptions of Russia as derived from early modern foreigners' accounts. Between the late fifteenth and early eighteenth centuries, the State of Muscovy emerged from being a rather homogenous Russian-speaking and Orthodox medieval principality to becoming a multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Not only the conquest of the neighboring Tatar Khanates and the colonization of Siberia demanded the integration of non-Christian populations into the Russian state. The ethnic composition of the capital and other towns also changed due to Muscovite policies of recruiting soldiers, officers, and specialists from various European countries, as well as the accommodation of merchants and the resettlement of war prisoners and civilians from annexed territories. The presence of foreign immigrants was accompanied by controversy and conflicts, which demanded adaptations not only in the Muscovite legal, fiscal, and economic systems but also in the everyday life of both native citizens and immigrants. This book combines two major research fields on international relations in the State of Muscovy: the migration, settlement, and integration of Western Europeans, and Russian and European perceptions of the respective "other". Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Message Franciska to join The Whatsapp Group: franciskakay@gmail.com      2. Throwback Episode: The Harsh Realities of Baal Teshiva life with Gevura Davis https://open.spotify.com/episode/3A4gleAPVboORAlVeTSMzY?si=aad2e7f0cdc44bb7 3. Send a VOICE NOTE for the "Reasons for divorce" Episode to +1-845-642-7636   About Our Guest: Sarah Kats, founder of Olami Moscow has been an influential educator in Russia since 2007.  Sarah, a native Muscovite and professional psychologist, is fluent in English and Hebrew, has led her community of students on trips around the world, and is a cherished colleague to Olami educators around the world. She is an author of the book "More precious than pearls on Eishes Chayil".   How to contact our guest Sarah Katz: https://vk.com/olami.moscow https://m.youtube.com/c/OLAMIMOSCOW https://facebook/olami.moscow https://instagram/olami.moscow     Would you like to be a SPONSOR? Reach out about new sponsorship opportunities for your brand & organizations - franciskakay@gmail.com     Check out www.JewishCoffeeHouse.com for more Jewish Podcasts on our network.

We invite everyone who wants to join the military operations on the territory of Ukraine against the terrorist Russian regime, everyone who is able to help in the fight for the independence and sovereignty of Ukraine, you can join the ranks of the international brigade, which includes people from many countries such as the USA, Canada, Georgia, Belarus, Russians who disagree with Putin's regime, Chechens of the Republic of Ichkeria, and many other glorious sons are beating the enemy on the territory of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Zaporozhye, we are waiting for you, we are waiting for the guarantors of our security - soldiers from the United States and Great Britain, we need you on the battlefield, many glorious Cossacks - Ukrainians died fighting for Ukraine, don't stand aside, fight the unwashed Muscovite, drive him out of Ukraine, we repeat once again, give us tanks and planes, as well as missiles, we will end the war, no one is fucked tyrants in the world have no right to kill Ukrainians, we are a nation of winners, we won the 2nd world war, on our bones Moscow reached Berlin, be sure, fall we are the end of you, get ready, glorious people of Kazakhstan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Georgia, we are handing you our baton of war with the Muscovites, the war will come to your house, to your street, to your yard, the Muscovites are murderers, and they need someone to kill for them you are Churks, Pindos, Anglo-Saxons or whatever, any alliance with Russia is a failure, don't believe the Muscovites! We killed 100,000 peaceful locals in Mariupol, all of them were killed by a Russian soldier, a Russian tank, a Russian shell, a Russian aerial bomb, prepare for war Poles, Moldovans, Kazakhs. thanks for your help but it's not enough, it's not enough. I am grateful to all the allies of Ukraine, I am asking for a tribunal for castrated servicemen of the armed forces of Ukraine who were in enemy captivity, I am asking for a tribunal for every murdered child, I am asking for a tribunal for every raped woman, give me fucking tanks give me fucking missiles, only revenge, only death to everything that came to kill from Russia

We invite everyone who wants to join the military operations on the territory of Ukraine against the terrorist Russian regime, everyone who is able to help in the fight for the independence and sovereignty of Ukraine, you can join the ranks of the international brigade, which includes people from many countries such as the USA, Canada, Georgia, Belarus, Russians who disagree with Putin's regime, Chechens of the Republic of Ichkeria, and many other glorious sons are beating the enemy on the territory of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Zaporozhye, we are waiting for you, we are waiting for the guarantors of our security - soldiers from the United States and Great Britain, we need you on the battlefield, many glorious Cossacks - Ukrainians died fighting for Ukraine, don't stand aside, fight the unwashed Muscovite, drive him out of Ukraine, we repeat once again, give us tanks and planes, as well as missiles, we will end the war, no one is fucked tyrants in the world have no right to kill Ukrainians, we are a nation of winners, we won the 2nd world war, on our bones Moscow reached Berlin, be sure, fall we are the end of you, get ready, glorious people of Kazakhstan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Georgia, we are handing you our baton of war with the Muscovites, the war will come to your house, to your street, to your yard, the Muscovites are murderers, and they need someone to kill for them you are Churks, Pindos, Anglo-Saxons or whatever, any alliance with Russia is a failure, don't believe the Muscovites! Russians killed 100,000 peaceful civil people in Mariupol, all of them were killed by a Russian soldier, a Russian tank, a Russian shell, a Russian aerial bomb, prepare for war Poles, Moldovans, Kazakhs. thanks for your help but it's not enough, it's not enough. I am grateful to all the allies of Ukraine, I am asking for a tribunal for castrated servicemen of the armed forces of Ukraine who were in enemy captivity, I am asking for a tribunal for every murdered child, I am asking for a tribunal for every raped woman, give me fucking tanks give me fucking missiles, only revenge, only death to everything that came to kill from Russia Glorious sons and daughters of Ukraine successfully destroyed about 104,560 soldiers;— tanks — 3,018;— combat armored vehicles — 6,047;— artillery systems — 2004;— RSZV — 423;— air defense means — 212;— planes — 283;— helicopters — 268;— automotive equipment and tank trucks — 4,675;— ships/boats — 16;— UAVs of the operational-tactical level — 1,717;— cruise missiles — 653.

Class 7 continues the exploration of post-Viking states toward the rise of Muscovite power. Timothy Snyder is the Richard C. Levin Professor of History at Yale University and a permanent fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna. He speaks five and reads ten European languages. Ukraine must have existed as a society and … Read More Read More

In God, Tsar and People: The Political Culture of Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois UP, 2020), Dr. Daniel Rowland collects close to 50 years of scholarship, between two book covers. The de facto mandate on Russian tsars to take advice, and the importance of biblical and liturgical imagery to Muscovite political culture, are among the important themes emerging from this collection of scholarship.  Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In God, Tsar and People: The Political Culture of Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois UP, 2020), Dr. Daniel Rowland collects close to 50 years of scholarship, between two book covers. The de facto mandate on Russian tsars to take advice, and the importance of biblical and liturgical imagery to Muscovite political culture, are among the important themes emerging from this collection of scholarship.  Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In God, Tsar and People: The Political Culture of Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois UP, 2020), Dr. Daniel Rowland collects close to 50 years of scholarship, between two book covers. The de facto mandate on Russian tsars to take advice, and the importance of biblical and liturgical imagery to Muscovite political culture, are among the important themes emerging from this collection of scholarship.  Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/russian-studies

In God, Tsar and People: The Political Culture of Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois UP, 2020), Dr. Daniel Rowland collects close to 50 years of scholarship, between two book covers. The de facto mandate on Russian tsars to take advice, and the importance of biblical and liturgical imagery to Muscovite political culture, are among the important themes emerging from this collection of scholarship.  Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In God, Tsar and People: The Political Culture of Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois UP, 2020), Dr. Daniel Rowland collects close to 50 years of scholarship, between two book covers. The de facto mandate on Russian tsars to take advice, and the importance of biblical and liturgical imagery to Muscovite political culture, are among the important themes emerging from this collection of scholarship.  Aaron Weinacht is Professor of History at the University of Montana Western, in Dillon, MT. He teaches courses on Russian and Soviet History, World History, and Philosophy of History. His research interests include the sociological theorist Philip Rieff and the influence of Russian nihilism on American libertarianism. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

As Assistant Managing editor for International at The New York Times, Michael Slackman oversees international reportage across the newsroom and bureaus around the world. This week, the three-time Pulitzer Prize-winner talks about growing up in the Bronx, getting shot at in Bahrain, defying Gaddafi in Libya, and learning life lessons from a gold-toothed Muscovite.

Jess is a Canadian born and raised, Elmira a Muscovite. Both currently reside in Vancouver and met for the first time when they became flatmates. Jess is an illustrator and Elmire a piano teacher and copywriter. Jess had lived in Siberia for a few months and speaks Russian, meaning that Elmira and she would talk often about Russian language and culture, including swearing. Together over lockdown they decided it would be fun to create and Instagram account of the most inventive Russian swearwords to entertain their friends. Suddenly their account became an internet sensation and people from all corners of the globe were sharing their content. Now, the pair have released 3 volumes of their favourite curses and are working on volume 4. Listeners beware, there will be a fair amount of effing and blinding on this week's episode so if that's not your cup of chai, move on to episode 3. However, we strongly suggest you get acquainted with the most creative swearing you've ever heard and enjoy the curses in all their glory. Follow @curselikearussian on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/curselikearussian/ Purchase Curse Like A Russian volumes 1-4 here: http://jesspollard.squarespace.com/new-products Watch a clip from Не горюй! here: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=198965181961597 Find Jess here: http://jesspollard.squarespace.com/ Find Yuri Dud here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMCgOm8GZkHp8zJ6l7_hIuA Find Redaktsiya here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1eFXmJNkjITxPFWTy6RsWg Find Ivan Bilibin here: https://visualmelt.com/Ivan-Bilibin and here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Bilibin Find Yuri Dud here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMCgOm8GZkHp8zJ6l7_hIuA Find Redaktsiya here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1eFXmJNkjITxPFWTy6RsWg Find Ivan Bilibin here: https://visualmelt.com/Ivan-Bilibin and here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Bilibin Find us via: https://www.russianartandculture.com/ https://www.instagram.com/rusartculture/ https://twitter.com/RusArtCulture https://www.facebook.com/RusArtCulture/

Photo:  Dacians—detail from the Arch of Constantine in Rome @Batchelorshow #Londinium90AD: Gaius and Germanicus consider the fate of fresh Roman or Muskovite commanders thrown against the Dacian or Ukrainian defense in a long war. Michael Vlahos.#FriendsofHistoryDebatingSociety https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacia

Konstantin Eggert, a native Muscovite, has reported on Russia since the fall of the Soviet Union. He started his reporting career in Moscow in 1990. From 1998-2009, he was senior correspondent, then editor-in-chief, of the BBC Russian Service Moscow bureau. Later he worked for ExxonMobil Russia and Russian media outlets, Kommersant and TV Rain.  Now, living in Lithuania, Eggert is a vocal critic of the Putin regime and has more than a few thoughts on censorship in Russia: specifically, how it compares to Soviet censorship, the decline of independent media in the country, Russian history, and the war in Ukraine. Eggert currently works for a German broadcaster, Deutsche Welle. Show notes: Eggert on Twitter: @kvoneggert Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union www.sotospeakpodcast.com Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/freespeechtalk Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sotospeakpodcast Email us: sotospeak@thefire.org

This week, Making Contact's Jessica Partnow offers a look at the state of Russian youth activism from 2012 to today. She revisits her reporting from Ukraine and Russia and speaks with the people in those stories against the backdrop of the war in Ukraine today. In the first part of the show she shares the story of re-connecting with her childhood pen pal Sasha, a Ukrainian boy who witnessed the fall of the Soviet Union and is now fighting to protect his country from the Russian invasion, through the eyes of his younger sister Anna who is now living in the US and desperately trying to stay connected with her Ukrainian family and friends under siege. After the break, we meet Vassili, a Muscovite who has always been proud of his country but is now grappling with a grim view of its future.

This week, Making Contact's Jessica Partnow offers a look at the state of Russian youth activism from 2012 to today. She revisits her reporting from Ukraine and Russia and speaks with the people in those stories against the backdrop of the war in Ukraine today. In the first part of the show she shares the story of re-connecting with her childhood pen pal Sasha, a Ukrainian boy who witnessed the fall of the Soviet Union and is now fighting to protect his country from the Russian invasion, through the eyes of his younger sister Anna who is now living in the US and desperately trying to stay connected with her Ukrainian family and friends under siege. After the break, we meet Vassili, a Muscovite who has always been proud of his country but is now grappling with a grim view of its future.

We Truly Did Not Have History Rhyming to the Spanish Civil War on Our 2022 Bingo Card!…Subscribe to get this in your email inbox. Become a paid subscriber if… I will not say that this ‘Stack will cease to exist without paying subscribers. I will say that the frequency of this ‘Stack depends on enough people being paying subscribers for me to feel under a sense of obligation to prioritize this, rather than something else. And I will say that the survival of our civilization may well depend on our reattaining a functional, rational public sphere—and that subscribing to ‘Stacks that you find useful may well be the most productive thing you can do to help make that happenThank you for reading Brad. Please share this with anyone who you think will find it useful.Key Insights:Putin’s decision to invade came as a great surprise to everyone.The information flow to Putin is very bad, very low quality.Muscovy, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Minsk, Kyiv are all ‘Rus.But the cultural, political, and linguistic differences between Kyivan and Muscovite ‘Rus are surprisingly deep, historically speaking.Economic sanctions can do a lot to degrade Russia’s war-fighting machine, and should be used to do so.Bounties and rewards for defectors and for the neutralization of equipment might be very effective, and should be promoted.Countries and régimes run on myth, and military defeat is the most effective way that a pernicious myth gets destroyed.Be afraid, be very afraid: Putin’s survival—his personal political, the causes he has invested his life in, and perhaps his mortal—depend on his “winning” in some sense.If appeasement of Putin could be made to work, it might well be worth trying.But it is highly unlikely that appeasement of Putin could be made to work.Really-existing Putinite petro-kleptocracy looks worse than really-existing Brezhnevite socialism.References:ChinaTalk: Russia's Pivot to Asia From Czars to Putin Kamil Galeev: Why Russia Will Lose Kamil Galeev: Twitter Wilson Center: Kamil Galeev +, of course:Vernor Vinge: A Fire Upon the Deep  You can now read Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality in the new ‘Stack app for iPhone—but not (YET) Android.The ‘Stack Communications Apparat says: “With the app, you’ll have a dedicated Inbox for my ‘Stack and any others you subscribe to. New posts will never get lost in your email filters, or stuck in spam. Longer posts will never cut-off by your email app. Comments and rich media will all work seamlessly. Overall, it’s a big upgrade to the reading experience. If you do not have an “Apple device”, you can join the Android waitlist here.”I have been a beta tester for the iPhone ‘Stack app. The use case I have found for it is as a podcast player— using Apple's text-to-speech feature for ‘Stacks that do not have attached audio podcasts. It has, so far, been a very very good experience. Get full access to Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality at braddelong.substack.com/subscribe

Apollinaria Oleinikova is 18-years-old. For most of her life, she was a carefree Muscovite. Now, she's publicly protesting, along with other Russians, in Moscow. Russians join us to discuss the war being waged in their name. Nina Khrushcheva and Andrei Soldatov join Meghna Chakrabarti.

Astrological Notes for Monday, February 21st, 2022 for All Signs ·   Date: Monday, 21st February 2022 ● Movement of planets: The Sun is in Pisces, and the Moon changes from Libra to Scorpio. Sun: 02 degrees Pisces Conjunct Saturn Moon: 02 degrees Scorpio Opposing Uranus in Taurus Mercury: 07 degrees Aquarius Opposition to the Moon Venus: 20 degrees Capricorn Conjunct Mars  Mars: 20 degrees Capricorn Jupiter: 12 degrees Pisces  Saturn: 17 degrees Aquarius Square North Node of the Moon in Taurus Uranus: 11 degrees Taurus  Neptune: 22 degrees Pisces  Pluto: 27 degrees Capricorn  South Node: 26-degrees Scorpio Retrograde  North Node: 26-degrees Taurus Retrograde Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Our last episode was on Project MAC, a Cold War-era project sponsored by ARPA. That led to many questions like what led to the Cold War and just what was the Cold War. We'll dig into that today. The Cold War was a period between 1946, in the days after World War II, and 1991, when the United States and western allies were engaged in a technical time of peace that was actually an aggressive time of arms buildup and proxy wars. Technology often moves quickly when nations or empires are at war. In many ways, the Cold War gave us the very thought of interactive computing and networking, so is responsible for the acceleration towards our modern digital lives. And while I've never seen it references as such, this was more of a continuation of wars between the former British empire and the Imperialistic Russian empires. These make up two or the three largest empires the world has ever seen and a rare pair of empires that were active at the same time.  And the third, well, we'll get to the Mongols in this story as well. These were larger than the Greeks, the Romans, the Persians, or any of the Chinese dynasties. In fact, the British Empire that reached its peak in 1920 was 7 times larger than the land controlled by the Romans, clocking in at 13.7 million square miles. The Russian Empire was 8.8 million square miles. Combined the two held nearly half the world. And their legacies live on in trade empires, in some cases run by the same families that helped fun the previous expansions.  But the Russians and British were on a collision course going back to a time when their roots were not as different as one might think. They were both known to the Romans. But yet they both became feudal powers with lineages of rulers going back to Vikings. We know the Romans battled the Celts, but they also knew of a place that Ptolemy called Sarmatia Europea in around 150AD, where a man named Rurik settle far later. He was a Varangian prince, which is the name Romans gave to Vikings from the area we now call Sweden. The 9th to 11th century saw a number o these warrior chiefs flow down rivers throughout the Baltics and modern Russia in search of riches from the dwindling Roman vestiges of empire. Some returned home to Sweden; others conquered and settled. They rowed down the rivers: the Volga, the Volkhov, the Dvina, and the networks of rivers that flow between one another, all the way down the Dnieper river, through the Slavic tripes Ptolemy described which by then had developed into city-states, such as Kiev, past the Romanians and Bulgers and to the second Rome, or Constantinople.  The Viking ships rowed down these rivers. They pillaged, conquered, and sometimes settled. The term for rowers was Rus. Some Viking chiefs set up their own city-states in and around the lands. Some when their lands back home were taken while they were off on long campaigns. Charlemagne conquered modern day France and much of Germany, from The Atlantic all the way down into the Italian peninsula, north into Jutland, and east to the border with the Slavic tribes. He weakened many, upsetting the balance of power in the area. Or perhaps there was never a balance of power.  Empires such as the Scythians and Sarmatians and various Turkic or Iranian powers had come and gone and each in their wake crossing the vast and harsh lands found only what Homer said of the area all the way back in the 8th century BCE, that the land was deprived of sunshine. The Romans never pushed up so far into the interior of the steppes as the were busy with more fertile farming grounds. But as the Roman Empire fell and the Byzantines flourished, the Vikings traded with them and even took their turn trying to loot Constantinople. And Frankish Paris. And again, settled in the Slavic lands, marrying into cultures and DNA.  The Rus Rome retreated from lands as her generals were defeated. The Merovingian dynasty rose in the 5th century with the defeat of Syagrius, the last Roman general Gaul and lasted until a family of advisors slowly took control of running the country, transitioning to the Carolingian Empire, of which Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor, as he was crowned, was the most famous. He conquered and grew the empire.  Charlemagne knew the empire had outgrown what one person could rule with the technology of the era, so it was split into three, which his son passed to his grandsons. And so the Carolingian empire had made the Eastern Slavs into tributaries of the Franks. There were hostilities but by the Treaty of Mersen in 870 the split of the empire generally looked like the borders of northern Italy, France, and Germany - although Germany also included Austria but not yet Bohemia. It split and re-merged and smaller boundary changes happened but that left the Slavs aware of these larger empires. The Slavic peoples grew and mixed with people from the Steppes and Vikings. The Viking chiefs were always looking for new extensions to their trade networks. Trade was good. Looting was good. Looting and getting trade concessions to stop looting those already looted was better. The networks grew. One of those Vikings was Rurik. Possibly Danish Rorik, a well documented ally who tended to play all sides of the Carolingians and a well respected raider and military mind.  Rurik was brought in as the first Viking, or rower, or Rus, ruler of the important trade city that would be known as New City, or Novgorod. Humans had settled in Kiev since the Stone Age and then by Polans before another prince Kyi took over and then Rurik's successor Oleg took Smolensk and Lyubech. Oleg extended the land of Rus down the trading routes, and conquered Kiev. Now, they had a larger capital and were the Kievan Rus.  Rurik's son Igor took over after Oleg and centralized power in Kiev. He took tribute from Constantinople after he attacked, plunder Arab lands off the Caspian Sea, and was killed overtaxing vassal states in his territory. His son Sviatoslav the Brave then conquered the Alans and through other raiding helped cause the collapse of the Kazaria and Bulgarian empires. They expanded throughout the Volga River valley, then to the Balkans, and up the Pontic Steppe, and quickly became the largest empire in Europe of the day. His son Vladimir the Great expanded again, with he empire extending from the Baltics to Belarus to the Baltics and converted to Christianity, thus Christianizing the lands he ruled.  He began marrying and integrating into the Christian monarchies, which his son continued. Yaroslov the Wise married the daughter of the King of Sweden who gave him the area around modern-day Leningrad. He then captured Estonia in 1030, and as with others in the Rurikid dynasty as they were now known, made treaties with others and then  pillaged more Byzantine treasures. He married one daughter to the King of Norway, another to the King of Hungary, another to the King of the Franks, and another to Edward the Exile of England, and thus was the grandfather of Edgar the Aetheling, who later became a king of England.  The Mongols The next couple of centuries saw the rise of Feudalism and the descendants of Rurik fight amongst each other. The various principalities were, as with much of Europe during the Middle Ages, semi-independent duchies, similar to city-states. Kiev became one of the many and around the mid 1100s Yaroslav the Wise's great-grandson, Yuri Dolgoruki built a number of new villages and principalities, including one along the Moskva river they called Moscow. They built a keep there, which the Rus called kremlins.  The walls of those keeps didn't keep the Mongols out. They arrived in 1237. They moved the capital to Moscow and Yaroslav II, Yuri's grandson, was poisoned in the court of Ghengis Khan's grandson Batu. The Mongols ruled, sometimes through the descendants of Rurik, sometimes disposing of them and picking a new one, for 200 years. This is known as the time of the “Mongol yoke.”  One of those princes the Mongols let rule was Ivan I of Moscow, who helped them put down a revolt in a rival area in the 1300s. The Mongols trusted Moscow after that, and so we see a migration of rulers of the land up into Moscow. The Golden Horde, like the Viking  Danes and Swedes settled in some lands. Kublai Khan made himself ruler of China. Khanates splintered off to form the ruling factions of weaker lands, such as modern India and Iran - who were once the cradle of civilization. Those became the Mughals dynasties as they Muslimized and moved south. And so the Golden Horde became the Great Horde. Ivan the Great expanded the Muscovite sphere of influence, taking Novgorod, Rostov, Tver, Vyatka, and up into the land of the Finns. They were finally strong enough to stand up to the Tatars as they called their Mongol overlords and made a Great Stand on the Ugra River. And summoning a great army simply frightened the Mongol Tatars off. Turns out they were going through their own power struggles between princes of their realm and Akhmed was assassinated the next year, with his successor becoming Sheikh instead of Khan. Ivan's grandson, Ivan the Terrible expanded the country even further. He made deals with various Khans and then conquered others, pushing east to conquer the Khanate of Sibiu and so conquered Siberia in the 1580s. The empire then stretched all the way to the Pacific Ocean.  He had a son who didn't have any heirs and so was the last in the Rurikid dynasty. But Ivan the Terrible had married Anastasia Romanov, who when he crowned himself Caesar, or Tsar as they called it, made her Tsaritsa. And so the Romanov's came to power in 1596 and following the rule of Peter the Great from 1672 to 1725, brought the Enlightenment to Russia. He started the process of industrialization, built a new capital he called St Petersburg, built a navy, made peace with the Polish king, then Ottoman king, and so took control of the Baltics, where the Swedes had taken control of on and off since the time of Rurik.  Russian Empire Thus began the expansion as the Russian Empire. They used an alliance with Denmark-Norway and chased the Swedes through the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, unseating the Polish king along the way. He probably should not have allied with them. They moved back into Finland, took the Baltics so modern Latvia and Estonia, and pushed all the way across the Eurasian content across the frozen tundra and into Alaska.  Catherine the Great took power in 1762 and ignited a golden age. She took Belarus, parts of Mongolia, parts of modern day Georgia, overtook the Crimean Khanate, and modern day Azerbaijan. and during her reign founded Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities. She modernized the country like Peter and oversaw nearly constant rebellions in the empire. And her three or four children went on to fill the courts of Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Spain, and the Netherlands. She set up a national network of schools, with teachings from Russian and western philosophers like John Locke. She collected vast amounts of art, including many from China. She set up a banking system and issued paper money. She also started the process to bring about the end of serfdom. Even though between her and the country she owned 3.3 million herself.  She planned on invading the Khanate of Persia, but passed away before her army got there. Her son Paul halted expansion. And probably just in time. Her grandson Alexander I supported other imperial powers against Napoleon and so had to deal with the biggest invasion Russia had seen. Napoleon moved in with his grand army of half a million troops. The Russians used a tactic that Peter the Great used and mostly refused to engage Napoleon's troops instead burning the supply lines. Napoleon lost 300,000 troops during that campaign. Soon after the Napoleanic wars ended, the railways began to appear. The country was industrializing and with guns and cannons, growing stronger than ever.  The Opium Wars, between China and the UK then the UK and France were not good to China. Even though Russia didn't really help they needed up with a piece of the Chinese empire and so in the last half of the 1800s the Russian Empire grew by another 300,000 square miles on the backs of a series of unequal treaties as they came to be known in China following World War I.  And so by 1895, the Romanovs had expanded past their native Moscow, driven back the Mongols, followed some of the former Mongol Khanates to their lands and taken them, took Siberia, parts of the Chinese empire, the Baltics, Alaska, and were sitting on the third largest empire the world had ever seen, which covered nearly 17 percent of the world. Some 8.8 million square miles. And yet, still just a little smaller than the British empire. They had small skirmishes with the British but by and large looked to smaller foes or proxy wars, with the exception of the Crimean War.  Revolution The population was expanding and industrializing. Workers flocked to factories on those train lines. And more people in more concentrated urban areas meant more ideas. Rurik came in 862 and his descendants ruled until the Romanovs took power in 1613. They ruled until 1917. That's over 1,000 years of kings, queens, Tsars, and Emperors. The ideas of Marx slowly spread. While the ruling family was busy with treaties and wars and empire, they forgot to pay attention to the wars at home.  People like Vladimir Lenin discovered books by people like Karl Marx. Revolution was in the air around the world. France had shown monarchies could be toppled. Some of the revolutionaries were killed, others put to work in labor camps, others exiled, and still others continued on. Still, the empire was caught up in global empire intrigues. The German empire had been growing and the Russians had the Ottomans and Bulgarians on their southern boarders. They allied with France to take Germany, just as they'd allied with Germany to take down Poland. And so after over 1.8 million dead Russians and another 3.2 million wounded or captured and food shortages back home and in the trenches, the people finally had enough of their Tsar. They went on strike but Tsar Nicholas ordered the troops to fire. The troops refused. The Duma stepped in and forced Nicholas to abdicate. Russia had revolted in 1917, sued Germany for peace, and gave up more territory than they wanted in the process. Finland, the Baltics, their share of Poland, parts of the Ukraine. It was too much. But the Germans took a lot of time and focus to occupy and so it helped to weaken them in the overall war effort.  Back home, Lenin took a train home and his Bolshevik party took control of the country. After the war Poland was again independent. Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, and the Serbs became independent nations. In the wake of the war the Ottoman Empire was toppled and modern Turkey was born. The German Kaiser abdicated. And socialism and communism were on the rise. In some cases, that was really just a new way to refer to a dictator that pretended to care about the people. Revolution had come to China in 1911 and Mao took power in the 1940s.  Meanwhile, Lenin passed in 1924 and Rykov, then Molotov, who helped spur a new wave of industrialization. Then Stalin, who led purges of the Russian people in a number of Show Trials before getting the Soviet Union, as Russian Empire was now called, into World War II. Stalin encouraged Hitler to attack Poland in 1939. Let's sit on that for a second. He tried to build a pact with the Western powers and after that broke down, he launched excursions annexing parts of Poland, Finland, Romania, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia. Many of the lands were parts of the former Russian Empire. The USSR had chunks of Belarus and the Ukraine before but as of the 1950s annexed Poland, Easter Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria as part of the Warsaw Pact, a block of nations we later called the Soviet Bloc. They even built a wall between East and West Germany. During and after the war, the Americans whisked German scientists off to the United States. The Soviets were in no real danger from an invasion by the US and the weakened French, Austrians, and military-less Germans were in no place to attack the Soviets. The UK had to rebuild and British empire quickly fell apart. Even the traditional homes of the vikings who'd rowed down the rivers would cease to become global powers. And thus there were two superpowers remaining in the world, the Soviets and the United States.  The Cold War The Soviets took back much of the former Russian Empire, claiming they needed buffer zones or through subterfuge. At its peak, the Soviet Union cover 8.6 million square miles; just a couple hundred thousand shy of the Russian Empire. On the way there, they grew to a nation of over 290 million people with dozens of nationalities. And they expanded the sphere of influence even further, waging proxy wars in places like Vietnam and Korea. They never actually went to war with the United States, in much the same way they mostly avoided the direct big war with the Mongols and the British - and how Rorik of Dorestad played both sides of Frankish conflicts. We now call this period the Cold War. The Cold War was an arms race. This manifested itself first in nuclear weapons. The US is still the only country to detonate a nuclear weapon in war time, from the bombings that caused the surrender of Japan at the end of the war. The Soviets weren't that far behind and detonated a bomb in 1949. That was the same year NATO was founded as a treaty organization between Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States.  The US upped the ante with the hydrogen bomb in 1952. The Soviets got the hydrogen bomb in 1955. And then came the Space Race. Sputnik launched in 1957. The Russians were winning the space race. They further proved that when they put Yuri Gagarin up in 1961. By 1969 the US put Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon. Each side developed military coalitions, provided economic aid to allies, built large arsenals of weapons, practiced espionage against one another, deployed massive amounts of propaganda, and spreading their ideology. Or at least that's what the modern interpretation of history tells us. There were certainly ideological differences, but the Cold War saw the spread of communism as a replacement for conquest. That started with Lenin trying to lead a revolt throughout Europe but shifted over the decades into again, pure conquest.  Truman saw the rapid expansion of the Soviets and without context that they were mostly reclaiming lands conquered by the Russian imperial forces, won support for the Truman Doctrine. There, he contained Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe. First, they supported Greece and Turkey. But the support extended throughout areas adjacent to Soviet interests. Eisenhower saw how swiftly Russians were putting science in action with satellites and space missions and nuclear weapons - and responded with an emphasis in American science.  The post-war advancements in computing were vast in the US. The industry moved from tubes and punch cards to interactive computing after the Whirlwind computer was developed at MIT first to help train pilots and then to intercept soviet nuclear weapons. Packet switching, and so the foundations of the Internet were laid to build a computer network that could withstand nuclear attack. Graphical interfaces got their start when Ivan Sutherland was working at MIT on the grandchild of Whirlwind, the TX-2 - which would evolve into the Digital Equipment PDP once privatized. Drum memory, which became the foundation of storage was developed to help break Russian codes and intercept messages. There isn't a part of the computing industry that isn't touched by the research farmed out by various branches of the military and by ARPA.   Before the Cold War, Russia and then the Soviet Union were about half for and half against various countries when it came to proxy wars. They tended to play both sides. After the Cold War it was pretty much always the US or UK vs the Soviet Union. Algeria, Kenya, Taiwan, the Sudan, Lebanon, Central America, the Congo, Eritrea, Yemen, Dhofar, Algeria, Malaysia, the Dominican Republic, Chad, Iran, Iraq, Thailand, Bolivia, South Africa, Nigeria, India, Bangladesh, Angolia, Ethiopia, the Sahara, Indonesia, Somalia, Mozambique, Libya, and Sri Lanka. And the big ones were Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. Many of these are still raging on today.  The Soviet empire grew to over 5 million soldiers. The US started with 2 nuclear weapons in 1945 and had nearly 300 by 1950 when the Soviets had just 5. The US stockpile grew to over 18,000 in 1960 and peaked at over 31,000 in 1965. The Soviets had 6,129 by then but kept building until they got close to 40,000 by 1980. By then the Chinese, France, and the UK each had over 200 and India and Israel had developed nuclear weapons. Since then only Pakistan and North Korea have added warheads, although there are US warheads located in Germany, Belgium, Italy, Turkey, and the Netherlands.  Modern Russia The buildup was expensive. Research, development, feeding troops, supporting asymmetrical warfare in proxy states, and trade sanctions put a strain on the government and nearly bankrupted Russia. They fell behind in science, after Stalin had been anti-computers. Meanwhile, the US was able to parlay all that research spending into true productivity gains. The venture capital system also fueled increasingly wealthy companies who paid taxes. Banking, supply chains, refrigeration, miniaturization, radio, television, and everywhere else we could think of. By the 1980s, the US had Apple and Microsoft and Commodore. The Russians were trading blat, or an informal black market currency, to gain access to knock-offs of ZX Spectrums when the graphical interfaces systems were born. The system of government in the Soviet Union had become outdated. There were some who had thought to modernize it into more of a technocracy in an era when the US was just starting to build ARPANET - but those ideas never came to fruition. Instead it became almost feudalistic with high-ranking party members replacing the boyars, or aristocrats of the old Kievan Rus days. The standard of living suffered. So many cultures and tribes under one roof, but only the Slavs had much say.  As the empire over-extended there were food shortages. If there are independent companies then the finger can be pointed in their direction but when food is rationed by the Politburo then the decline in agricultural production became dependent on bringing food in from the outside. That meant paying for it. Pair that with uneven distribution and overspending on the military.  The Marxist-Leninist doctrine had been a one party state. The Communist Party. Michael Gorbachev allowed countries in the Bloc to move into a democratic direction with multiple parties. The Soviet Union simply became unmanageable. And while Gorbachev took the blame for much of the downfall of the empire, there was already a deep decay - they were an oligarchy pretending to be a communist state. The countries outside of Russia quickly voted in non-communist governments and by 1989 the Berlin Wall came down and the Eastern European countries began to seek independence, most moving towards democratic governments.  The collapse of the Soviet Union resulted in 15 separate countries and left the United States standing alone as the global superpower. The Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO in 1999. 2004 saw Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia join. 2009 brought in Albania and Croatia. 2017 led to Montenegro and then North Macedonia. Then came the subject of adding Ukraine. The country that the Kievan Rus had migrated throughout the lands from. The stem from which the name  and possibly soul of the country had sprouted from. How could Vladimir Putin allow that to happen? Why would it come up? As the Soviets pulled out of the Bloc countries , they left remnants of their empire behind. Belarus, Kazakstan, and the Ukraine were left plenty of weapons that couldn't be moved quickly. Ukraine alone had 1,700 nuclear weapons, which included 16 intercontinental ballistic missiles. Add to that nearly 2,000 biological and chemical weapons. Those went to Russia or were disassembled once the Ukrainians were assured of their sovereignty. The Crimea, which had been fought over in multiple bloody wars was added to Ukraine. At least until 2014, when Putin wanted the port of Sevastopol, founded by Catherine the Great. Now there was a gateway from Russia to the Mediterranean yet again. So Kievan Rus under Rurik is really the modern Ukraine and the Russian Empire then Romanov Dynasty flowed from that following the Mongol invasions. The Russian Empire freed other nations from the yolk of Mongolian rule but became something entirely different once they over-extended. Those countries in the empire often traded the Mongol yolk for the Soviet yolk. And entirely different from the Soviet Union that fought the Cold War and the modern Russia we know today.  Meanwhile, the states of Europe had been profoundly changed since the days of Thomas Paine's The Rights of Man and Marx. Many moved left of center and became socialized parts of their economy. No one ever need go hungry in a Scandanavian country. Health care, education, even child care became free in many countries. Many of those same ideals that helped lift the standard of living for all in developed countries then spread, including in Canada and some in the US. And so we see socialism to capitalism as more of a spectrum than a boolean choice now. And totalitarianism, oligarchy, and democracy as a spectrum as well. Many could argue reforms in democratic countries are paid for by lobbyists who are paid for by companies and thus an effective oligarchy. Others might argue the elections in many countries are rigged and so they aren't even oligarchs, they're monarchies.  Putin took office in 1999 and while Dmitry Medvedev was the president for a time, but he effectively ruled in a tandemocracy with Putin until Putin decided to get back in power. That's 23 years and counting and just a few months behind when King Abdullah took over in Jordan and King Mohammed VI took over in Morocco. And so while democratic in name, they're not all quite so democratic. Yet they do benefit from technology that began in Western countries and spread throughout the world. Countries like semi-conductor manufacturer Sitronics even went public on the London stock exchange. Hard line communists might (and do) counter that the US has an empire and that western countries conspire for the downfall of Russia or want to turn Russians into slaves to the capitalist machine. As mentioned earlier, there has always been plenty of propaganda in this relationship. Or gaslighting. Or fake news. Or disinformation.  One of those American advancements that ties the Russians to the capitalist yoke is interactive computing. That could have been developed in Glushkov's or Kitov's labs in Russia, as they had the ideas and talent. But because the oligarchy that formed around communism, the ideas were sidelined and it came out of MIT - and that led to Project MAC, which did as much to democratize computing as Gorbachev did to democratize the Russian Federation.

The once and future political center of Russia, the brick-walled Kremlin dates from the Middle Ages, but received its boost when a Byzantine refugee princess married an ambitious Muscovite prince, and together they created a fortress that would one day serve a superpower. Dr Charles Ward, professor emeritus of Foreign Languages and Literatue at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee shares his thoughts of the rise of Moscow under Ivan III and Sofiya Palaeologina and the construction of the Kremlin we see today, while listener Geoff Kozen discusses visiting Moscow, from the Kremlin to the subway stations. Plus borscht! Perfect for a cold winter night when you're craving beets. Sources: Merridale, Catherine. Red Fortress: History and Illusion in the KremlinPlokhy, Serhii . Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation, from 1470 to the PresentSixsmith, Martin. Russia: A 1,000-year Chronicle of the Wild EastVoorhees, Mara. Lonely Planet Moscow Photograph cc:4.0 by wikipedia user Ludvig14

What connects survival cannibalism and the house of Romanov? The answer is, of course, the Battle of Moscow of 1612. TRANSCRIPT https://castinglotspod.home.blog/2021/12/16/s3-e8-ice-part-ii---the-polish-muscovite-war/ CREDITS Written, hosted and produced by Alix Penn and Carmella Lowkis. Theme music by Daniel Wackett. Find him on Twitter @ds_wack and Soundcloud as Daniel Wackett. Logo by Riley. Find her on Twitter and Instagram @tallestfriend. Casting Lots is part of the Morbid Audio Podcast Network. Network sting by Mikaela Moody. Find her on Bandcamp as mikaelamoody1. BIBLIOGRAPHY ‘Battle of Moscow (1612).' (2021). Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow_(1612) Bond, J. et al. (2010). ‘Cannibalism in medieval europe/asia'. 7 September. Total War Centre. Available at: http://www.twcenter.net/forums/showthread.php?387622-cannibalism-in-medieval-europe-asia Cavendish, R. (2013). ‘The First of the Romanov Tsars is Crowned', History Today, 63(7). Available at: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/first-romanov-tsars-crowned Doultseva, T. et al. (2020). To the younger generation living abroad about the heroic feat of the Defenders of the Russian Land: from the Battle of the Neva to the Capture of Berlin. Jyväskylä: Mosaiikki. Available at: http://mosaiikki.info/history/books/bookEng/HistoryEng.pdf Istmira. (n.d.). Second people's militia-briefly. Available at: https://www.istmira.com/w-hist/history-of-russia/3943-second-peoples-militia-briefly.html Kluchevsky, V.O. (1913). A History of Russia. Vol. 3. Translated by C.J. Hogarth. London: J.M. Dent. Available at: http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/dmeier/A%20History%20of%20Russia,%20Volume%203,%20V.O.%20Kliuchevsky.pdf KP-TTS. (2020). The last days of Poles in the Kremlin. Battle of the Great Field Exile Polish Interventory in 1612. Available at: https://kp-tts.ru/en/iii-poslednie-dni-polyakov-v-kremle-bitva-na-devichem-pole-izgnanie-polskih.html Malloy, D. (2017). Natasha, Pierre & the Great Comet of 1812 (Original Broadway Cast Recording). New York: I Hear Guitars. Available at: https://open.spotify.com/album/3Ohwm7WsUS6AJd56VnNlJX?si=hgF6vljGQMS5ecYBjCL-ww ‘Polish–Lithuanian occupation of Moscow'. (2021). Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_occupation_of_Moscow ‘Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)'. (2021). Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618) Shubin, D.H. (2009). ‘The Era of Tsar Boris Feodorovich Godunov', in Tsars and Imposters. New York, NY: Algora, pp. 57-78. Thompson, J.M. (2012). ‘Ivan the Terrible and the Time of Troubles', in Russia and the Soviet Union. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Tucker, S.C. (ed.) (2010). ‘Eastern Europe: Polish-Russian War (Continued)', in A Global Chronology of Conflict. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, p. 564. Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA564&lpg=PA564#v=onepage&q&f=false Woźnica, K. (2016). ‘Famine and poverty in the army during the reign of the House of Vasa in the light of reports and diaries', Historia i Świat, 5, pp. 169-190. Available at: https://repozytorium.uph.edu.pl/bitstream/handle/11331/2412/Famine_and_poverty_in_the_army.pdf?sequence=1

Safiya Yasmin Badzhva (pronounced Bajwa) is a 22-year-old marketing student from Moscow. She was born and raised in Moscow to a Russian mother and a Pakistani father. Safiya sees herself as 100% Muscovite, but her appearance doesn't fit into the stereotypical image of a local Russian. Safiya feels that Moscow is getting more diverse, so it's important to question the idea of xenophobia and racism in modern Russian society. "I define myself as a local as a Muscovite and person with the Russian mentality. And my first language is Russian. But despite all this, people don't perceive me as a local, much less as a Russian person. First of all, my appearance is not typical for a Russian person, also, my name and my religion. And every time I meet a new person, I feel like I have to prove that I speak language well, that I know this city and old traditions. And sometimes many people are simply surprised. They say how well you speak Russian, they compliment my Russian. It could be perhaps an example of a positive unconscious bias. And sometimes they think that I'm a liar, and some people could be just, frankly, rude to me."

Two-dimensional sheets of transparent muscovite, a mineral in the mica family that once formed in layers on the ocean floor, adorn the cliffs and peaks of the mountains and the rocks of the Bass Creek drainage. Iron-stained schist, a coarse-grained rock made of potassium feldspar and quartz, delightedly flaunted the sheets of muscovite on its orange surface, as if they were diamonds.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 104, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: What'cha Got Cookin'? 1: This clear meat soup will be finished in a jiffy; actually, "finished" is what its name means. a consommé. 2: I'm sauteeing this organ meat in butter and lemon juice, as you'd know, if you had any. brains. 3: I'm making passover breakfast fun by using this unleavened bread in a version of French toast. matzah. 4: I'm boiling these to mix with red cabbage; it's too darn hot to roast them on an open fire. chestnuts. 5: Don't be intimidated by the skewers; I'll use them on the marinated lamb to make this. shish kabob. Round 2. Category: Oh "Mi" 1: This city's Herald was founded in 1910. Miami. 2: 2 Samuel 1:25 proclaims "How" have they "fallen in the midst of the battle!". The mighty. 3: Muscovite is a white type of this rock that splits into thin leaves. mica. 4: Math sign that looks like a hyphen. Minus sign. 5: The process of a cell with 46 chromosomes spilitting into 2 cells, each also with 46 chromosomes. Mitosis. Round 3. Category: Dough 1: Chile uses this basic unit of currency. a peso. 2: Italy has issued Euro coins with part of this painter's "Birth of Venus" on the reverse. Botticelli. 3: The name of this unit of currency used in Libya is from the Latin for "ten". Dinar. 4: Cherry blossoms are featured on the back of the coin worth 100 of these. Yen. 5: No peeking! This building is portrayed on the back of the $20 bill. the White House. Round 4. Category: By, The Book 1: The first book by this "Chocolate Factory" guy was "The Gremlins" in 1943, written for Walt Disney. Roald Dahl. 2: False advertising alert! In 1933 she penned "The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas". Gertrude Stein. 3: He wrote "Redburn", "Omoo" and a seafaring novel of some repute. (Herman) Melville. 4: In addition to "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", he penned "Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency". Douglas Adams. 5: The second part of his "The Sound and the Fury" is told by a neurotic on the day of his suicide. Faulkner. Round 5. Category: Plays And Playwrights 1: David Henry Hwang wrote his first play, "F.O.B.", while studying at this school near Palo Alto, California. Stanford. 2: Edward Albee's adaptation of this Nabokov novel starred Donald Sutherland as Humbert Humbert. "Lolita". 3: In 1941 her "Watch on the Rhine" was named best American play by the New York Drama Critics' Circle. Lillian Hellman. 4: He worked as a stagehand in Prague before writing plays such as "Temptation" and before becoming a president. Vaclav Havel. 5: In 1991 Nigel Hawthorne won a Tony for his role as this author in William Nicholson's play "Shadowlands". C.S. Lewis. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Why did history never tell you about the largest country in the world around the American revolution? How come no one talks about how we knew California was an island in the 16th century and then forgot 200 years later? Find out more here Support the show: conspiracyorjustacoincidence.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jackallen1/support

In which the coterie is introduced: Missy, a street kid eternal, Jimmy, a tribute to the 80's, Art, a Muscovite gargoyle. Here they lie, in a crumbling mall, waiting for night to fall and the dead to rise.   --- Intro & Outtro Music by: Jack Le Breton Website: jacklebreton.com Twitter & Instagram: @Jack_Le_Breton   Website: https://www.Withoutanetpod.com Discord link https://discord.gg/TbE5Ajc If you like the show, swing by our Patreon where you can get access to over 15 extra hours of content. https://www.patreon.com/posts/43800673 Email us: Withoutanetpod@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/WithoutANetPodcast Copyright: Without A Net Podcast 2021

Artist: Electric (Moscow, Russia) Name: DHM Podcast #1087 (February 2021) Genre: Deep House Release Date: 14.02.2021 Exclusive: Deep House Moscow Electric (RU) aka Konstantin Lyubimov. Muscovite dj and producer under different aliases. Participant of the brightest electronic scene events in Moscow since 1998 Web: www.djelectric.ru Facebook: facebook.com/djelectric.ru Instagram: instagram.com/djelectric.ru Soundcloud: @electric_ru CONTACT (DHM): Email — deephousemoscow@hotmail.com Follow us: www.facebook.com/deephousemsk/ www.instagram.com/deephousemoscow/ vk.com/deephousemsk/

In the glow of receiving his Muscovite degree, Billy chats with David Sheer of Peninsula Lodge #128 in Portland OR about the use of their hall and the structure in place to allow the members of the community to be exposed to Odd Fellowship before and during their use of the hall that has resulted in the hall becoming a community landmark. (Note: The degree Billy can’t remember is the Ancient Order of Hercules) ... But before that Josh reconnects for some wholesome banter about what has been happening lately in and around the Modern Goat Rider.Intro – Anthony Shackell Outro – Drew Ericksen

Her mother told her “Never Take Candy from a Stranger.”Especially in Moscow. Darra Goldstein was a young Russian graduate student, working on a US trade show in the USSR in the 70’s when a seemingly sympathetic Muscovite offered her a bag of candy as a thank-you. It’s a great story. Darra is now an Emeritus professor of Russian at Williams college and the founding editor of Gastronomica, the Journal of Food Studies. Photo Courtesy of Darra Goldstein.Let's Talk About Food is powered by Simplecast.

Muscovite @no_rules is a Breakbeat Scientist specializing in Intergalactic Velocity Systems. The NoRules Interview: https://phuturistic.blue/z/norules-phuturistic-bluez-podcast-episode-49/ JupiterTube 4K: https://youtu.be/Y-DvAP24N5c Tracklist: 1. ASC – Descending Node 2. Wardown – Sehnsuch 3. Loscil – Container Ships 4. Barefoot – Heron 5. Donato Dozzy – 12H.5 6. RQ – Surface Tension 7. Sam KDC – Contortions 8. Kimyan Law – Lapis 9. NoRules – Brunette from Mars 10. Stray – Triangles 11. Tellus – Truth Be Told 12. Theme – Passage 1 13. Cogun – The Lesson 14. Medika – Clusterfunk 15. Fortune – Lithosphere 16. Itti – Bat Yawning 17. Loomis – Cognition 18. Wagz – Lotus Flower 19. Tokyo Prose – Dust 20. Fluidity – Still Hope 21. DRS feat. Kid Drama – So High Links: @no_rules Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/konstantinkrasavin Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/konstantin.norules In Greek and Roman mythology, Jupiter drew a veil of clouds around himself to hide his mischief. It was Jupiter's wife, the goddess Juno, who was able to peer through the clouds and reveal Jupiter's true nature. Juno Mission Timeline • Launch - August 5, 2011 • Deep Space Maneuvers - August/September 2012 • Earth flyby gravity assist - October 2013 • Jupiter arrival - July 2016 • End of mission (deorbit into Jupiter) - July 2021. Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

About the lecture: An ephemeral victory for Germany, the Treaty of Brest Litovsk was the first international conference ostensibly appealing to the ideal of national self-determination. It reduced Bolshevik-controlled Russia to the size of its medieval Muscovite predecessor; it also theoretically recognized Ukraine as an independent state, while vassalizing it in practice. The Treaty laid the ground for Germany's domination in the Intermarium. However, its promise soon dissipated as Berlin lost the war to Western Allies, the United States in particular. About the speaker: Dr. Chodakiewicz currently serves as a Professor of History at The Institute of World Politics, where he holds the Kosciuszko Chair of Polish Studies. He also leads IWP's Center for Intermarium Studies. At IWP, Dr. Chodakiewicz teaches courses on Contemporary Politics and Diplomacy, Geography and Strategy, Mass Murder Prevention in Failed and Failing States, and Russian Politics and Foreign Policy. He was formerly an assistant professor of history of the Kosciuszko Chair in Polish Studies at the Miller Center of Public Affairs at University of Virginia. He also served as a visiting professor of history at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles.

UPDATE: Listen to the full interview here. I just recorded an interview with Alex Boykowich, who was one of the Ukrainian Canadians responsible for surfacing information about Chrystia Freeland’s Nazi collaborator grandfather a few years ago when he stumbled onto it in the archives. Chrystia Freeland, is of course, Canada’s deputy prime minister. And as it turns out, she has spent most of her career — first as a journalist, then as Canada’s powerful Foreign Minister, and now as as Deputy Prime Minister — praising her grandfather’s legacy and whitewashing his past.Alex’s find caused a minor political scandal in Canada, which was immediately blamed on Putin and Russian disinformation.I’ll be publishing the full interview soon — the first in what’ll be an ongoing Immigrants as a Weapon podcast/interview series. Meanwhile, here’s a tiny preview. In it Alex reads from an editorial published in a Nazi newspaper run by Chrystia’s grandpa that rants about “Satan,” the “International Kingdom of Judah,” and the Jews’ appetite for innocent Christian blood.What are weaponized nationalists for — if not for ranting about Jews and Satan? —Yasha LevinePS: If you haven’t already, read my previous letters on Chrystia Freeland’s Nazi family past and why it matters today. Chrystia Freeland and Canadian Nazi collabos — “Canada’s aggressive interventions in Ukraine and the former Soviet Union have a big domestic politics component. Many Ukrainian Canadians are still trying to redo World War II — the war that they lost.”Nazi collabo families and racist propaganda in the New York Times — “A Russophobic New York Times journalist married to Canada’s powerful Nazi-loving Deputy Prime Minister? It was a match made in heaven!” This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at yasha.substack.com/subscribe

The Time of Troubles was a period of Russian history that could have ended the Muscovite's control of the land of the Rus.

The final years of Livonia Wars, the struggle for control of the southern Baltic coastline between Sweden, Denmark, Poland-Lithuania and Russia. King Stephan Bathory of Poland leads a campaign into Muscovite territory and besieges the city of Pskov (pictured). Also, the legacy of Ivan IV the Terrible See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Paul Rudd Roulette After a week's break the ant-icipation is growing for Graham, Mick and Andrew as they tackle Marvel's latest superhero offering - "Ant-Man and the Wasp". Will they make a big deal out of it and add to the positive buzz, belittle it with feeble size and insect puns (like the ones we're doing right now), or even do both?  After that dramatic opening which is tantamount to a 4-Panel takoever, it's time for Off the Shelf which sees the gang out on their serious nerd faces for something of a fantasy special. Mick kicks it all off with Paul Verhoven's typically tasteful "Flesh and Blood", which Graham follows-up by unearthing a skeleton from Tom Hanks' closet in the form of "Mazes and Monsters". After that it's Andrew's turn to luxuriates in the Muscovite madness of "The Last Warrior". Then they all invent a new flavour of Kit-Kat. A Paul Rudd Roulette, huh? Only on Eclectica. If you want to send some good vibes, give us a star rating on ITUNES (https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/cinema-eclectica/id1057173135?mt=2) . You can also send us something a little more concrete as a sign of appreciation. Head over to our PATREON (https://itunes.apple.com/gb/podcast/cinema-eclectica/id1057173135?mt=2) , and send us some pennies. Until next time with the Meg, thanks for listening. #podcast #movies #films #moviereview #marvel #antman #antmanandthewasp #patreon #MCU #4panel #shitmovies #paulverhoeven #flesh+blood #fantasy #russia #lastwarrior #tomhanks #mazesandmonsters #eureka #mastersofcinema #arrowvideo #arrowfilm

Elena Yazykova Castillo is a prominent Muscovite artist whose ceramics are loved and traded the world over. She is the owner of Roza Azora, a celebrated gallery in the centre of Moscow, renowned for its widely varied and often cutting edge exhibitions. However, Elena is also the owner of a house in Sóller, and it is perhaps here in Mallorca that she feels most at home. She chatted to Shirley Roberts in Café Sóller on a particularly cold winter day. The Port of Sóller Radio Programme is made by Boat Radio and Sollerweb

Guest speaker Erika Monahan is Assistant Professor of History at the University of New Mexico. At this event she discusses her book The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in Early Modern Eurasia, recently nominated for the 2016 Early Slavic Studies Association Book Prize Offered will be a fresh analysis of Siberian trade and the Russia state during the late sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. (Note, the audio recording that accompanies the talk is also posted in iTunes.) According to Donald Ostrowski (Muscovy and the Mongols), "Erika Monahan sets out nothing less than a revision of the way we imagine the Muscovite economy in the early modern era. With a deeply researched examination of trade and commerce across Eurasia, she challenges a number of ingrained assumptions about Russian trade policies as backwards, xenophobic, state-driven, and monopolistic”.

Guest speaker Erika Monahan is Assistant Professor of History at the University of New Mexico. At this event she discusses her book The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in Early Modern Eurasia, recently nominated for the 2016 Early Slavic Studies Association Book Prize Offered will be a fresh analysis of Siberian trade and the Russia state during the late sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. (Note, the slide show that accompanies the lecture is also posted in iTunes.) According to Donald Ostrowski (Muscovy and the Mongols), "Erika Monahan sets out nothing less than a revision of the way we imagine the Muscovite economy in the early modern era. With a deeply researched examination of trade and commerce across Eurasia, she challenges a number of ingrained assumptions about Russian trade policies as backwards, xenophobic, state-driven, and monopolistic”.

In this episode, Fr. John discusses Muscovite Russia's encounter with the West in the face of Uniatism, military invasion, and theological "captivity," all of which contributed to the decline of eastern Christendom.

In this episode Father John describes the rise of the Muscovite state within Russian Christendom, and the way its Orthodox leaders began to see themselves as heirs to the fallen Byzantine Empire.

In this Intermarium Series Lecture, Mr. Paweł Styrna, IWP Class of 2015 and Kościuszko Chair of Polish Studies research assistant, will discuss the manner in which the post-Soviet Russian leadership views the world. The Kremlin sees the United States in particular, and the West and NATO in general, as deeply hostile forces having no greater objective than to encircle, dismember, and destroy Russia -- in collaboration with anti-Russian "Fifth Columnists" and "fascists" in the "near abroad." This is not solely the attitude of the Putin regime, however, but a geopolitical mentality formed over centuries of Russian history. In effect, the paranoid, anti-American post-Soviet "besieged Kremlin" attitude is a synthesis of Muscovite and Soviet Feindbilder ["images of the enemy"]. In his presentation, Mr. Styrna will trace the historical roots of Moscow's Weltanschauung and explain why this understanding is highly relevant today. Paweł P. Styrna was educated at the University of Illinois at Chicago where he received his Bachelor of Arts and his Master of Arts in modern European history, with minor specializations in Polish and Soviet history. He plans to graduate in 2015 from the international relations program at The Institute of World Politics. He also serves as a research assistant to the Kościuszko Chair in Polish Studies. He has co-edited Golden Harvest or Hearts of Gold? Studies on the Fate of Wartime Poles and Jews (2012) and authored the chapter entitled "The Tale of Two Hamlets: The Case of Wólka-Okrąglik and Gniewczyna." Mr. Styrna is a Eurasia analyst for the Selous Foundation for Public Policy Research (SFPPR) and writes the blog Property Polska for the Journal of Property Rights in Transition.

1. Zombie Nation - Triple Glazed2. Royksopp feat. Robyn - Momentum Dance (Marcus Marr Dub)3. Jensen Interceptor - Hood Anthem4. Bart B More - WinAmp5. Madame & Deapmash - Compact6. Cardopusher - Timestamp7. VEGA22 - R.A.W.8. Marseille - UFO Attack9. Dem Slackers - Swagger (Clouds Remix)10. Polymorphic - Destruct Noise11. RYME - Pusse (Don Rimini Remix)12. A Copy For Collapse  - Grey Sunday (Proxy Remix)13. Crookers - Belly Button Tickler (feat. Mr. MFN eXquire)14. Matte Blakk - Wise Guys With Ray Guns15. Autodidakt - Fucked Up16. Alesia - Ivo17. Cazzette - Sleepless (A-Trak Remix)18. Aylen - Rafiki 19. Zeskullz - 00.00.000020. Gold Rush - Drop Low21. Proxy - OldBoy From the ashes of the Soviet empire, from the flames of history, rises PROXY. Post 9/11 rave vibes cloaked in Muscovite angst. A line drawn in smoking rubble along the border dividing East and West, Stüssy and Spetsnaz.  1997. The Year of Tar and Horses. The Prodigy plays Red Square in Moscow. Hundreds of thousands of people attend the show, but only one is truly changed. By the crushing sound. By people absolutely losing their shit to synths and sustained aggression. The experience causes PROXY to question the quality and purpose of Russian “electrica” acts like Nu-Lag Xpressions and Sweatislav. There was simply no scene from which to emerge. “Whatever a fool does, he does it wrong. A poor dancer is impeded even by his own balls,” he recalls. In a decade's time, PROXY would be remixing Prodigy and opening for them on a massive tour of Russia. 2004. PROXY grows interested in the increasingly punishing sounds of the electro scene, as he hears Tiga sing “Hey You Little Children of Glasnost” at the W Hotel in Anzhero-Sudzhensk. 2006. PROXY reaches out to Tiga via his MySpace page. Thomas Von Party intercepts the message and is stunned by fully formed landmines like “Destroy”. Masquerading as Tiga, he signs PROXY to Turbo Recordings, beginning his own deceit-fueled ascent up the biz-ladder of the music ladder-business. 2007 to present. PROXY earns respect and awe from such heavyweights as Justice, Soulwax, Boys Noize, Erol Alkan and Mr. Oizo with astonishing, severe tracks like “Decoy”, “Dance in Dark” and the massive “Raven”, which merits special mention not just because of its ubiquity, but because it illustrates in full the singular power of PROXY MUSIC. Recall, if you will, the first time you were ever caught in an explosion. Close enough to the blast that the only things that register are a light beyond blinding and a sound that arrives too soon. Now imagine that as you lose your body to the fire you are reassembled, better, your self subsumed by something far greater (for many, this experience seems to manifest itself as sitting in obedient unison). The sound now commands you, transmuting you into the screaming, searing blare. PROXY has also produced remixes for Peaches, Prodigy, Tiga, Boys Noize, Chromeo, Digitalism, Moby and a host of others willing to pay him in Kocmoc cigarettes. 2013 the second part of his debut opus 'Music from the east block Jungles is released. An ongoing tour has led us into mid 2014 with a debut release on Feed Me's 'Sotto Voce' Imprint with '10,000' to critical acclaim. The future is looking archaic. Twitter - @proxxxy Soundcloud - PROXY Facebook - Proxy

Silicon chips have shrunk a million-fold since Gordon Moore made his famous forecast in 1965, but is Moore's Law - and the computer revolution it heralded - about to run up against fundamental laws of physics? In the first of two programmes investigating silicon - the latest in our series looking at the elements of the periodic table and their role in the global economy - we travel to Silicon Valley to the biggest chip company of them all, Intel, co-founded by Gordon Moore himself.We visit the Intel museum with company spokesperson Chuck Mulloy and get up close to a giant ingot of the purest material on earth. We speak to Intel's chief chip architect Mark T Bohr about the future of computing. And, professor Andrea Sella of University College London explain's what micro-processing has to do with old Muscovite windows - with a trip to the beach.

Adrian Jones discusses Muscovite rural society and then moves on to discuss the late onset (in Muscovy!) of serfdom, the system of land tenure, and the implications for the distinct lack of a legal culture in Russia. Adrian then turns to discussing the boyars and their chancery clerks, their way of life and their role in the administration of state. Copyright 2013 Adrian Jones / La Trobe University, all rights reserved. Contact for permissions.

Adrian Jones discusses Muscovite rural society and then moves on to discuss the late onset (in Muscovy!) of serfdom, the system of land tenure, and the implications for the distinct lack of a legal culture in Russia. Adrian then turns to discussing the boyars and their chancery clerks, their way of life and their role in the administration of state. Copyright 2013 Adrian Jones / La Trobe University, all rights reserved. Contact for permissions.

Adrian Jones discusses Muscovite rural society and then moves on to discuss the late onset (in Muscovy!) of serfdom, the system of land tenure, and the implications for the distinct lack of a legal culture in Russia. Adrian then turns to discussing the boyars and their chancery clerks, their way of life and their role in the administration of state. Copyright 2013 Adrian Jones / La Trobe University, all rights reserved. Contact for permissions.

You probably know the story about the king who issues a call for the most beautiful girls in the land to be presented to him as potential brides in a kind of “bride-show.” And you might think this is just a myth. But actually it’s not. As Russell Martin shows in his wonderful A Bride for the Tsar: Bride-Shows and Marriage in Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois University Press, 2012), early modern Russians actually held bride-shows when selecting a mate for the tsar. They brought potential brides to Moscow, had their health checked (fertility was an obvious concern), and investigated their backgrounds. Yet, as Russ points out, the Muscovite bride-shows were as much propaganda as they were mechanisms to select tsarinas. Muscovy was an autocracy comprised of closed castes. Only the tsar could raise subjects out of one caste and into another. The bride-shows were the most visible and valuable example of the tsar’s power to arbitrarily change a subject’s fortune. In reality the bride-shows were rigged. The tsar and his advisors only considered certain young women from certain castes and belonging to certain families as potential brides. Russ explains exactly why and how the brides were chosen and what the bride-shows tell us about the nature of the early modern Russian political system. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You probably know the story about the king who issues a call for the most beautiful girls in the land to be presented to him as potential brides in a kind of “bride-show.” And you might think this is just a myth. But actually it’s not. As Russell Martin shows in his wonderful A Bride for the Tsar: Bride-Shows and Marriage in Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois University Press, 2012), early modern Russians actually held bride-shows when selecting a mate for the tsar. They brought potential brides to Moscow, had their health checked (fertility was an obvious concern), and investigated their backgrounds. Yet, as Russ points out, the Muscovite bride-shows were as much propaganda as they were mechanisms to select tsarinas. Muscovy was an autocracy comprised of closed castes. Only the tsar could raise subjects out of one caste and into another. The bride-shows were the most visible and valuable example of the tsar’s power to arbitrarily change a subject’s fortune. In reality the bride-shows were rigged. The tsar and his advisors only considered certain young women from certain castes and belonging to certain families as potential brides. Russ explains exactly why and how the brides were chosen and what the bride-shows tell us about the nature of the early modern Russian political system. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You probably know the story about the king who issues a call for the most beautiful girls in the land to be presented to him as potential brides in a kind of “bride-show.” And you might think this is just a myth. But actually it’s not. As Russell Martin shows in his wonderful A Bride for the Tsar: Bride-Shows and Marriage in Early Modern Russia (Northern Illinois University Press, 2012), early modern Russians actually held bride-shows when selecting a mate for the tsar. They brought potential brides to Moscow, had their health checked (fertility was an obvious concern), and investigated their backgrounds. Yet, as Russ points out, the Muscovite bride-shows were as much propaganda as they were mechanisms to select tsarinas. Muscovy was an autocracy comprised of closed castes. Only the tsar could raise subjects out of one caste and into another. The bride-shows were the most visible and valuable example of the tsar’s power to arbitrarily change a subject’s fortune. In reality the bride-shows were rigged. The tsar and his advisors only considered certain young women from certain castes and belonging to certain families as potential brides. Russ explains exactly why and how the brides were chosen and what the bride-shows tell us about the nature of the early modern Russian political system. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Historian Orlando Figes discusses his book Just Send Me Word, the story of a young Muscovite exiled to a Soviet Arctic gulag and his relationship, through over one thousand five hundred letters, with his wife to be. Authors Anthony Quinn and Shehan Karunatilaka discuss how the game of cricket has inspired their latest books and Writing Britain: Wastelands to Wonderlands is a new exhibition at the British Library, where they have one hundred and fifty original items exploring how writers view Britain.

In the 17th century Moscow began to understand its limitation and why it needed to westernize.

Were the Muscovites literate? Did they have an educational system? We answer these questions in today's short podcast.

Muscovite art and architecture was a thing of beauty at the time of Peter the Great's rise to power.

From the book A History of Russia by Riasanovsky and Steinberg comes a description of Muscovite thought and literature.

From A History of Russia by Riasanovsky and Steinberg, we recount the issue of religion and the schism in Muscovite Russia.

The son and grandson of Dmitri Donskoi lead Russia through difficult times, avoiding disaster but wearing the Muscovite populace down.