Life's Booming

Keeping yourself fit and healthy and in shape is vital for life’s long game. And no-one understands that more than celebrated chef Neil Perry, who chats with organisational psychologist Dr Amanda Ferguson about what it takes to survive the demanding restaurant game for more than 40 years. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. Join Jean Kittson for the seventh season of DARE: The time of your life (formerly Life’s Booming), called Better With Age. Too often ageing is painted as decline. In reality, Australians are living longer, healthier lives and reshaping what “older” looks like. This series flips the script and shows how ageing is not a dirty word but rather a time to be embraced, featuring interviews with extraordinary over 50s refusing to slip quietly into the background, who instead continue to survive and thrive in the long game of life. Neil Perry is Australia’s most decorated chef. The culinary genius behind Rockpool and winner of the 2024 World’s 50 Best Icon Award, Neil has spent 40 years at the very top of his craft, including his latest venture, the Margaret Family Group. Staying there hasn’t been accidental. It takes relentless passion, resilience, and an unwavering belief that what you put on the plate – and into your body – genuinely matters. Dr Amanda Ferguson is a registered psychologist, organisational psychologist, author and speaker, whose three-decade career has been devoted to helping people find meaning, motivation and wellbeing in work, life and relationships. – Watch DARE: The Time of Your Life on YouTube Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Apple Podcasts Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency -- TRANSCRIPT:​ Jean Kittson: DARE the time of your life, formerly Life's Booming, is brought to you by Australian Seniors in partnership with RSPCA. For more episodes of this and our Life's Booming series, visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Hi, I'm Jean Kittson. Welcome to the latest season, Better with Age, where we are celebrating Australians who are living, working, and ageing on their own terms. No ageing stereotypes for them. This week's episode is called Playing the Long Game, and no one exemplifies what that means more than our first guest, Neil Perry. With a career spanning more than four decades, he is one of our most influential chefs. Indeed, he's the only Australian to receive the prestigious World's 50 Best Restaurants Icon Award, the food oscars. The culinary genius behind Rockpool, and his latest venture, the Margaret Family Group, Neil has survived the often brutal hospitality world without disappearing or burning out. And joining him is Dr Amanda Ferguson, registered psychologist, organisational psychologist, author, and speaker whose career has been devoted to helping people find meaning, motivation, and wellbeing in work, life and relationships. Neil and Amanda, welcome to the podcast. Thank you. Neil Perry: Thanks, Jean. Good to be here. Jean Kittson: Neil, the restaurant business is often very brutal, long hours, highly competitive, stressful, fickle market, lots of pressures, all that, not that I want you to feel any pressure from me about this, but you've not only survived, but you've thrived for over 40 years. So, what do you think is the key ingredient or the secret ingredient to your longevity? Neil Perry: Well, I think just the enthusiasm of which I approach every day because, I mean, you know, it is an old cliche, but they say if you find a job you love doing, you'll never work a day in your life. And I am lucky enough to have found, you know, something that's intrinsic in lifestyle. So I kind of dream about food. I eat food, I wake up, I work in it. You know, my whole focus on a daily basis is about my restaurants, my staff and how we grow and continually evolve. So, I've kind of spent the last 51 years in the industry continually evolving rather than, you know, sort of deciding, oh my God, I've gotta change what I'm doing. I'm just day by day trying to do better than I did the day before. And that's a kind of mantra that we roll into the entire team so that they're always thinking about getting better and more focused and getting the best out of themselves and growing as people, which is really important. So, I think that's helped me keep an edge to continually keep thinking that. You know, I've got a role in the industry and I wanna keep moving forward. And, you know, tomorrow is another day and it's another day that I get an opportunity to be better than I was the day before. Jean Kittson: And you translate that to your teams by the sound of it, that is important. Neil Perry: Until I was 25, I was working front of house and managing restaurants and running restaurants, which has kind of helped me become a restaurateur rather than just a chef. And then at 25 transitioned into the kitchen and it was really obvious to me that there tended to be a kind of ‘us and them’ culture in the restaurant business. And we see with a lot of things at the moment on chefs and the way they treat people and they have treated people, and particularly in Europe, that it can be a very hard place to be. But, I made a very conscious decision to try and make it, you know – more about the way my personality is anyway – but to make it a place where it was really, everyone working together as one team, no front and back of house. It was, you know, really everyone coming together to make sure that the most important person in the room was the customer – and that we were supporting each other. So through the care philosophy, which, you know, is a really simple word, but it embodies itself in so many things that we do. So, you know, we care about our incredible suppliers. They're the lifeblood of our restaurant. Our amazing farmers and fishermen and, you know, incredible vignerons and so forth. And then it's really about caring about the place in which we work, because I really love to have a restaurant that's as beautiful 10 or 15 years down the track as it is the day that it opens. More patina, of course, but like a great pair of shoes – loved and comfortable – and that's really important to me. And then core to, I guess, the whole thing is we gotta care about each other. So we try to make sure that, you know, we're checking in. Are you okay? You know, are you doing your mise en place or can I help you set up the restaurant? And make sure that if we think somebody's coming in and they've got issues at home or with relationships, or even with a relationship within the restaurant, that we're trying to solve that and make sure that we can get to the point where we're all pulling in the same direction. And then for us, community's key. So caring about our community. We've always been involved in fundraisers and trying to help people that are less fortunate than us. We're in a very privileged position to be able to do that as restaurateurs and chefs. And then care about the environment because if we don't have clean air and clean water and clean earth, we can't get that amazing produce. It's my role to make them better chefs, better waiters, better sommeliers, better managers. But I like to make them better people. I always say at every large staff gathering, probably most of them under 30, that, you know, my generation kind of sucked the marrow out of the world, and it's up to them to make sure that the next generation of leaders are held to account. So, I do try to get them to think about community, you know, sustainability and politics – and their role in it. And that makes them hopefully, you know, more rounded people. Jean Kittson: Well, it sounds to me that longevity we're talking about and that success, so it would go the other way too. Do you get a lot of support from them? Because you give them so much care and attention and your expertise and you're bringing them up. And do they support you when there's challenges as well? Neil Perry: Yeah, of course. I mean, I always say that I'm kind of like a vampire. So, you know, I run this amazing team of people with huge amounts of energy and youth and they need to be guided and sort of, you know, given opportunities in life. But in return, I get so much energy and so much joy from them that that actually keeps me young. I look through my eyes and I actually think that I'm their age, you know? Jean Kittson: And Amanda, in your work, in different industries, do you see this teamwork as part of an essential ingredient as well in different industries? What helps your clients? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yeah. Every industry is different in terms of how much teamwork you're gonna have and gonna need. Certainly in Neil's area, you can see the necessity of people there physically, and yet we've got a lot of remote working now and a lot of organisations have pivoted that way. But I think, Neil, you were talking beautifully about a whole lot of organisational psychology concepts like growth mindset; that the growth factor of helping these younger people moving forward and growing. And we know that the growth mindset is important for all ages and you know, fundamental to performance anyway, but then to ageing performance, this engagement Neil's talking about, what makes him engaged and motivated internally. That's what we know, as we get older, matters even more than when we're younger. So a lot of your younger staff, they're really motivated by extrinsic, which is external reward, which is building their careers and gaining money and being able to put down any roots that they can do at the time of their lives. And yet, these internal motivations are what are driving us as we age increasingly, which is about contributing, which is the influence you're having, the legacy you're creating. And that clearly motivates you as well with the care concept there, which is a wonderful driving factor. Jean Kittson: Do you think that keeps people more engaged with the work they do and able to meet challenges better? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Well, as long as you shift with your motivation. So we change across the lifespan, and Ericsson talked about the tasks of different ages and stages of life. Those travel with us during, staying at the top of our game. And so as long as we keep negotiating them, which is where our motivation's gonna change. So now, you know in our 60's, the main motivation there for the life stage is about legacy, and then it's gonna become wisdom, and moving into the wisdom part that we're negotiating with. So it's like in any generation pivoting, continuing to pivot even in older age. And you know, not giving up, you know, that there is a choice there that people make and have to be conscious of. Ericsson said at 63, it's a real challenge of; are you gonna regenerate or are you going to degenerate? Jean Kittson: Right. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yes. Neil Perry: I think it's really important for people to recognise that a lot of things that happen to them are within their control. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Mm-hmm. Neil Perry: So for me, you know, I'll be 70 next year, so in 10 years I'm 80. So, you get a choice of thinking, well, you know, I've got 11, hopefully, very mobile years ahead of me. Because there's no guarantee physically, particularly when you've worked as many hours as I have and worn out most of the joints in your body, that you're going to be fabulously mobile. But it's important for me now, like, as we all know with longevity, like muscle mass is very important. So it's important for me to do enough exercise and it's really important for me to also think about balance and also flexibility. The three things that probably give you the most opportunity to get into your 80s and live the sort of life you'd still love to lead. And I know people who I always say are very inspirational to me who are like that hitting their eighties and, you know, still going out and playing golf and going on holidays and still working and doing things and I think that'll always be a very important part of my life. I couldn't imagine retiring. I could imagine taking it a little bit easier, you know, maybe not working every weekend, but I couldn't imagine not having the motivation mentally to come in and set parameters and talk to the chefs and speak to the wonderful fishermen and the farmers and the people that are the most important people in my life. So I just think for me, it's a matter of kind of putting the energy into those things that will give me the kind of outcome that I want. Dr Amanda Ferguson: And that's your internal motivation. Neil Perry: Yeah. There's a very traditional, you know, big pharma way of thinking about medicine and the body. And we now know that there's a very well documented and proven, you know, functional way of looking at it. We know diet's really important, so I eat really well. I mean, one of the things that's great for me is I don't eat really any processed food at all, probably except for bacon, which I love. Jean Kittson: You said processed. That's not processed. It's just dry. Neil Perry: Not really. It's like when I make our hamburgers, people say, ‘oh yeah, you eat a hamburger.’ Yeah, it's like freshly ground beef. That's what it is. It's got properly made sauces and it's got a bun, you know, so it's actually pretty good for you. I'm not sure about the other processed ones but, you know, I do think if you eat a lot of whole food, it's really important. I mean, my probably one sin in my life is I love red wine. So, I'm thinking a lot about, you know, how much I drink and maybe I should cut back. But every time I think about that it's just, you know. Jean Kittson: Too hard! Neil Perry: I think is it worth an extra couple of years? Maybe not. Jean Kittson: No, that's right. Benefit. Neil Perry: You gotta get the balance. Jean Kittson: Risk benefit. Risk benefit. Amanda, do you see that people with longevity in their chosen careers, do you see that as a psychological important part of them surviving, you know, playing the long game? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Oh, absolutely. And look, most of those people will either have really pivoted in their careers away from say, line management to supervising or training in a corporate kind of job. Or if you're lucky enough, I think as both Neil and I are, to actually love what you do and live to work because we get so much like a vampire back from the… Jean Kittson: Yes. Dr Amanda Ferguson: The beautiful energy of what we give out and what comes back. And that's engagement, that's called employee or work engagement, where we love and like our work. So clearly the cognition side that Neil loves, you know, the way he thinks about all his work as well as emotionally, what he's gaining and giving, and giving out cognitively – so everyone has a different long game. You know, I'll often say to people who have worked to live; ‘don't just retire, retire to something.’ And that's when they may sort of, you know, think of buying another business that is actually non-corporate, where they can have their staff if they're similarly engaged or creative outlets where they can really be more creative in the workplace or in hobbies or pursuits or golf. So, you know, the long game may be pivoting to being the brilliant golfer in your peer group. Jean Kittson: Right. Using your energy in your, yeah, well that sounds pretty good. but use that drive… Neil Perry: Frustrating game though. Jean Kittson: Yes. Frustrating game. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Well, yes, use the pivoting drives because as we age, the reason that we are motivated changes. So it's typically becoming, as we are entering post 50s, we're moving from – and certainly from late forties – we're moving from being really motivated by caring for others to wanting to build a legacy. And so if you feel your legacy is in the community, say, of having the surf club managed really that legacy may matter. And even having a plaque for yourself or you might become an elder to the local surf group. So, it's the pivoting and noticing and negotiating the lifespan changes that you have to go through in order to keep this motivation, engagement, growth mindset and risk failure – and have fun along the way. I mean, all those basic performance motivations and factors, they all still apply in older age. We draw on that breadth of knowledge and survive and thrive because of that, you know, it doesn't matter that the cognitive decline is happening. If you are pivoting, if you're compensating with all of that knowledge and ability and, you know, even muscle memory that you would have, definitely for your work. Jean Kittson: I think they call it crystallised experience. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yes. Jean Kittson: Have you heard that expression? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yes. Jean Kittson: Yes. So that's very valuable to workplaces. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Absolutely. Jean Kittson: I know you've been talking about legacy and I would think that Neil's already got an enormous legacy. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Exactly. Jean Kittson: And you could, you know, leave the business tomorrow and you'd still be as renowned and as admired and respected. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Except the care of the younger people. Neil Perry: Yeah, absolutely. Getting young people to care. I mean, it starts really with kind of, you know, you get young 16, 17-year-old people coming and working with us. I mean, we're very lucky through COVID that my daughters were in year 9 and 11. And when we came out of COVID and staff was very difficult, we'd already been doing, sort of, takeaway and burgers and everything we possibly could to survive. And one of the things that all these young kids loved, they loved coming and working for us because they're very social. And all of a sudden, for four months of their life, they were like, you guys cannot be together. So, for them to come and work and putting little bits of sources in containers and doing all that stuff. But to see them sit around a table, eight of them, and laughing and, you know, engaging and being social was just so wonderful because I know, with my girls, you could really sense that they were struggling and they really missed that. So they then came on to be, you know, the kids who worked in our restaurants, all of their friends, and they were anywhere from 15 through to 17. And we've put many of them through university. And so, they're a really important part of what Margaret is, and that makes it an incredible family restaurant beside the fact that my three daughters and wife worked there as well. So what was really wonderful was for their parents to come in and have dinner and just say, ‘thank you, you've really taught our daughters what it is to, or our son, what it is to strive,’ you know, to try to be the best you possibly can. And I just thought it was a really wonderful impact to have on young people. And then other times where we get young kids in the kitchen, 16, 17, and they're, you know, used to eating processed food and cans of drink and, you know, all the sorts of stuff that I dislike immensely. We don't force them, but we try to make them appreciate real food and whole food. And, you know, every day we have a family meal when we're open and it's not leftovers, it's a planned meal. We buy food in and our kids, you know, get in pairs and they get to prepare a family meal. We have some fantastic… Dr Amanda Ferguson: Wow. Neil Perry: dinners because we have kids from Korea and Indonesia and Singapore and China, Greece and Spain and Italy. And so we just get these amazing, very traditional meals cooked with real food. My motivation is to move the goals for those kids and to show them not just restaurant food, but what good eating is, to value and how to enjoy because, you know, part of their training is really tasting everything that we make and making sure that everything's perfectly balanced. But I want them to understand what, you know, eating and enjoying life is really all about because we have to eat to survive. So it's really wonderful. We can get great joy out of that as well. You know, it's the icing on the cake. Jean Kittson: That is a wonderful legacy, but also then they will learn and pass it on. I mean, do you see your role as a chef and a restaurateur, in the broader community, as education as well about food? Neil Perry: Yeah. Oh, very much so. And that's been like, I think I've got 11 cookbooks that I've put out since 1994 was the first one. Jean Kittson: And your recipes are fantastic, by the way. Neil Perry: Yeah. I wrote for Good Weekend for, you know, 15 years. Nearly every book is the same, in essence, because it all starts out with good cooking is good shopping. So, you know, if you buy beautiful produce, you'll end up, and that doesn't mean spending a fortune, it means cooking with a season, and often that'll be the cheapest way to buy fruit, vegetables, whatever it might be. And, you know, eating fresh food. You know, if you prepare fresh food or eat lovely fresh food when you go out, again you know, from a lifestyle point of view, it's just so much easier to process, so much better for you. You know, I really learned how to wash, dry and dress a salad properly at Stephanie's. And that's been very fundamental to all the things that I've done through my career and like people come to my place, they go, ‘oh my God, the salad's amazing.’ Well, it's just, you know, really well washed, dried and dressed and seasoned lettuce. I hope to impart on the next generation is just the fundamentals of doing stuff properly. Jean Kittson: Properly. I'm going to make sure I dry my lettuce properly now. Neil Perry: You must have a salad dry. You must dry your lettuce properly. Jean Kittson: Yes. It's pretty old. My salad dry. But to think that even three months with an elder in your business, like Stephanie, had such a big impact, shows what an elder and that experience has… Neil Perry: Well, she was older, but she wasn't that much older than… Jean Kittson: Oh I'm sorry. Neil Perry: Steph must be like, she would probably hate it if I said it, but, you know, approaching 80 or in her eighties. Jean Kittson: Oh, not that much older… Neil Perry: But back then she was probably in her early forties or whatever, and I was 26. I guess the reason it was so impactful for me is that because I'd run restaurants and managed restaurants and my father kind of taught me pretty much everything about food. Because he was a butcher, you know, mad keen angler. So we went fishing all the time on our holidays and he came from the country, so we were lucky enough to have a small garden and grew vegetables. So he taught me all about the seasons. But when I did my year of working with a whole lot of great chefs in Australia, I was 26, I'd run restaurants, you know, I'd been buying the wine, you know, doing lots of wine tastings, buying fish for the seafood restaurant I worked for, running the books, doing everything. So as soon as I jumped into that environment of working with chefs, I was like a 26-year-old, highly motivated, knew the business really well, so it really focuses you. Dr Amanda Ferguson: You've adapted and you've pivoted with the times, like you said with COVID and, you know, that's where you regenerate all the time. Neil Perry: Yeah, well, I have a nasty habit of opening restaurants in like – if I'm about to open a restaurant, anyone in the stock market should look at it and go like, ‘okay, where's my investment opportunity or divestment?’ Because when I opened Rockpool in– I started building in 1988. I opened it in the middle of the recession. We had to have, in 89, we had 18% interest rates. We'd borrowed 1.8 million, you know, Trish and I had to pay 360,000 in interest. I mean, made $0 for working 18 hours a day, six days a week for the first year. And we were just lucky that it all of a sudden hit the spot. So we were full. And I suppose the positive was unemployment was about 10%. So, it was easy to get staff. And then when I was opening Rockpool Bar and Grill in Sydney and Spice Temple, you know, we spent $11 million on that project and the GFC came along. And then the day that I was about to open Margaret in June, 2021, Gladys got on the TV and said, ‘okay, the Eastern Suburbs is shutting down.’ And then the next day she went, ‘the whole of Sydney's shutting down.’ And about a week and a half into that, feeling very sorry for myself, and this is the first time I'd owned a restaurant, 100%, you know, my own. I'd had partners before that since ‘83 all the way through. And I just remember that feeling of like, hang on. You just cannot sit here and feel sorry for yourself anymore. You've got staff to worry about, you've gotta get yourself back into action. So it was like, you know, zoom calls, getting all the staff, getting all the management team, making sure that everybody who worked for us was having the opportunity to engage in any government relief that they possibly could through the job keeper and workforce scenarios with state and federal. And importantly recognising what we could pivot to and how we can engage with the community. And it was incredible. We worked our butts off for four months. I made absolutely $0, but I didn't lose anything. And that was with a whack of government assistance. I'd been lucky enough to do some trials and have some corporate sellouts before they shut us down, before we were supposed to officially open. And it was an extraordinary time, but it meant that those 50 people that we were all working together every day, albeit not running the restaurant, but we were living in the restaurant. We were moving through the kitchen. We were cooking, we were doing all this stuff. And then we got to retrain again, and then we opened. And it's the best restaurant opening I've ever done. So we were under restrictions, we couldn't do as many people, but it was just extraordinary. And, to this day, like in the entire, probably open 27 restaurants in my life. So, that was just, you know, the most extraordinary opening ever because we had the time to do it properly. Dr Amanda Ferguson: So, that's a beautiful vignette I think of self-compassion, which is that hang on, you know, you can't feel sorry for your self courage. And the wisdom that, you know, I’ve done it before, pivoted before with major world crises. Do it again. Neil Perry: Yeah. Dr Amanda Ferguson: And you did it. Jean Kittson: Do you find that as a common experience for people who can… Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yes. Jean Kittson: Have longevity? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Absolutely. Because again, we've got the wisdom. We may not have as much cognitive capacity. We've got the wisdom. If you can find the courage, you know, and a lot of elderly people don't have that. They lose it because of ageism around us. It's having a big effect, the loss of self-esteem, but we have more ability to self-regulate, the research shows, generally, most of us. And so, you regulated yourself, which is very much about resilience and self-management and, you know, the wisdom that you drew on. And so it's leaning into the database that we really have inside ourselves, and the knowledge that isn't just about conscious ability. It's about, okay, I've been there before. Obviously you must have cast back to oh, we did the GFC, we did the other challenges. This is just another one. And age gives us that perspective that, okay, we are looking now from here to death, whereas people earlier– sorry younger than us are looking from how long I've been alive to where I am now. So that perspective… Jean Kittson: Right. Neil Perry: There is an end to this game. Yeah. It's interesting because, you know, you're right. I mean, I probably, it's only about five years, so probably since I was 64 or 65, I just started, you know, having these odd moments not of, you know, not of depression or, you know, dark thoughts. I've only got so long to achieve what I want to achieve. You know, so before, you're right, you were kind of looking forward, just going like, oh, there's no end game to this. Let's just keep forging forward. It's certainly a life perspective change that happens to you. Jean Kittson: So do you think the long game turns into the shorter game maybe? Neil Perry: Yeah. Gotta get this done game. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Or have fun while we can game! Jean Kittson: Or how do I ensure, really. When people– I'm just a little bit confused 'cause there's self-compassion. But what Neil mentioned kept him going was not self pity. So, what’s the difference? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yeah. Self-compassion is completely different. And this is where we are finding a lot of, you know, high performing musicians and elite athletes cringe at the idea that they should take on self-compassion. No, it's about beating yourself up to get to move forward. Yeah. And then when you really counsel them that it's about courage. It's about wisdom that you're going to keep tearing your muscles if you keep pushing forward when you are actually having a weak day. Take some wisdom there and just back off a bit on the training. It's not, you know, feeling sorry for yourself. You know, a lot of people think, oh, self-compassion is self-soothing and positive talk. And if you dig deeper into the current research, it really is about this courage mindset, this wisdom mindset, even at younger ages. And once these younger people wrap their mind around it, and they take it on, they perform better. Look at Roger Federer. You know, look how he had to develop this self-compassion of courage and wisdom to learn how to play the ball. You know, he didn't retire till 41, but he was burning out and he was focused on performance and any failure, he was visibly, you know, having tantrums. He had to pivot his mindset to this courage, determination, grit, but also this mental resilience factor where it's not emotional now. And that's what you would've done too. You would've gone into the mindset that was needed, which is a growth mindset. It's like, how do we pivot? How do we learn? And Federer is a great public example, as are you, of course. Jean Kittson: When people lose their confidence as they get older because they are undermined, there is ageism, they probably feel that they are not achieving what they used to achieve on certain levels. Maybe it's, you know, they lose their confidence because of the way they talk to themselves, but also the way, external factors, some people are retrenched. How do people– how have you found that people overcome that lack of confidence? Dr Amanda Ferguson: So many different ways, Jean. You know, again, it's play to your strengths. I've counseled people who've been retrenched seven times, you know, it's like, you know, sick of that now the corporate burn and churn wheel, you know, is it time to pivot into something different if you're that jaded? And others are like no, I'm gonna start my own business. I've got a podcast on how it's an internal external conundrum – confidence. It's what you're thinking, so yes, the mindset, but it's also what you're doing to keep your confidence because the research shows that most of us know we're losing cognitive capacity. And if you’re then pivoting, accordingly, rather than feeling unconfident about that, that's just a part of life. Where’s all the rest of your confidence? Because we do know that if you do compensate with all the other confidence areas that we've got in wisdom, knowledge, expertise, experience, you know, the perspective of we’re looking towards the end of life now and that gives us a fantastic perspective that we need in our phase of life. Jean Kittson: Yes, and to pass on to others. Yeah. When you say we are losing cognitive capacity. Is it capacity or function? What ability? Dr Amanda Ferguson: It’s capacity. Yeah. Jean Kittson: Capacity. That's a scary thing because I think, oh, you mean we can't think as clearly, but I feel like I can make better decisions now than I ever could. So what is that word? Cognitive. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Information processing. It's very much up-skilling, re-skilling. We know that older people typically don't want to retrain. They don't want to relearn new things unless you can pivot them to what motivates them. Now, you are motivated about passing on and standards and excellence and your influence continuing. And so you've probably, you know, you are relearning as you go, what's happening with the economy, so that I can continue to be confident and have my capacity working for me. So, it's an unconscious thing we are doing, really, that we're compensating from capacity, which is about information processing, about retraining to, well, I'm willing to retrain. I'm willing to understand what's happening for the farmers, for the economy, for the fuel supply, for what organisational psychology calls VUCA times that we're in which is volatile, uncertain, challenging, ambiguous. You know, I'm relearning about the state of the world because my motivation is helping people of course. And so, if I wasn't motivated by that, I wouldn't use my cognitive ability that I do still have left for that. So, it's the combination of so many different factors at play as we age. Neil Perry: So Amanda, is that in speed of processing or is that just capacity of processing? Dr Amanda Ferguson: It's in speed. We don't want to work an 80 hour week anymore. So, that lack of cognitive ability that the twenties has – when we're in our twenties – we happily do an 80 hour week. We're just not interested and it's harder. The labour for that cognitively is harder because of our loss of capacity. And so, we have to keep pivoting. We have to keep drawing on the growing skillset that we do have, which is more about the wisdom and knowledge base that is so broad that we don't even realise what we're using often. And that continues to grow in middle age. Neil Perry: Yeah. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Into older age, and the research shows we can perform as well as people in their twenties. Neil Perry: By using that capacity of what we know as opposed to what they don't know. Dr Amanda Ferguson: That's right. Neil Perry: Yeah. Dr Amanda Ferguson: And you're not even conscious a lot of the times what you're drawing on. Neil Perry: Yeah. Dr Amanda Ferguson: That body of research is so robust. There's this concept that's totally misconstrued that we are less able as we get older. Jean Kittson: I think that whole cognitive decline is so loaded. I really, find... Neil Perry: Well, we live in the age of Alzheimer's and dementia and, I mean, you know… Jean Kittson: Yes, of course. Neil Perry: I just don't ever remember growing up, when I was younger, and ever hearing that term. And of course now it's like ADHD and everything that's happening with kids now, and everyone on the spectrum – and that just was not happening when I was younger. I just don't ever remember it even in my forties. But now, in the last 20 years, everything seems to be so focused on all of the various mindsets that can happen to a person. Jean Kittson: I just feel that the restaurant industry has retained so much of its human content. Neil Perry: Yeah, absolutely. Jean Kittson: Humanity, eating together with your team. And the care of food and the environment, it all goes hand in hand. So you are very lucky to be part of… Neil Perry: Yeah. Jean Kittson: That sector, rather. Neil Perry: Well, you know, somebody said to me the other day, ‘oh, when do you think you'll start using Tesla robots?’ And I said, ‘well, how about never?’ Our main focus is to create great memories, right? I tell everybody, ‘yeah, sure we're in the restaurant business,’ but our main focus is to create great memories. And that's what drives our business – word of mouth. People say, ‘oh my God, I have the best time at Margaret.’ And it was interesting because in 2002, I got a phone call from Scott Bowles, who is still doing Short Black, which is the gossip column in the Sydney Morning Herald for food. And he said a magazine in London, they asked 300 people their five favorite restaurant experiences in the world. And Rockpool finished fourth. And I thought, wow, that's incredible. And I spent seven years on that list. But, I came back to my team and I said, ‘see, we're in Sydney and most of these people would not have been to Sydney, so we must have got a lot of hits on the ones that did.’ So, that's living proof that great memories are created in this restaurant. By having you feel like this is your second home, you know, like our regulars are so important and anybody who's a first time visitor is a great opportunity to create a regular. That's how we look at it. Jean Kittson: Yes. Neil Perry: And we want people to feel like this is their second home. They're so comfortable here. You know, we know what they drink. We know what they like. We know the interactions and conversations and we want people to just think, oh, I've just gotta get back to Margaret, because I not only love the food, but I just love this whole experience of feeling like I'm part of the family. I don't think you'll ever be able to AI replace that. And I hope I'm well dead and buried if it ever happens, because it would break my heart if that happened. Jean Kittson: If we all had to do everything online and then, well, even the QR code doesn't code, doesn't… Neil Perry: Drive you crazy. Jean Kittson: In the pubs, now you order your food on the QR code. Neil Perry: I'm lucky enough to be well positioned to know people in restaurants that I want to go to or even around the world. So, I just never get online and make a booking. You know, it's always a phone call or a quick text or something, but all that stuff just takes the romance. I mean, I almost, I thought I wanted to give up restaurants when I got to the stage where we had to bring the EFTPOS machine over and leave it. I just thought romance is dead. Okay. I got over that. We moved on, and the technology works really well for everybody now. And, I guess the one thing about the stuff of the ordering and what have you as more and more restaurants move towards – potentially not even that – but different opportunities with technology on table, you'll still have waiters and all that stuff, but, you know, you get the walk, the check ability and all. It's just making life more convenient. But again, a lot of this is at the expense of the romance of what it's all about. And, you don't have a great memory of a seamless experience. You have a great memory of an interactive experience. Dr Amanda Ferguson: But you seem to be compensating for that with the care mentality. Neil Perry: Yeah. You have to. Jean Kittson: So Amanda, when Neil was talking about creating memories, do you think that translates into other businesses as well? Or even socially? I suppose, if we all thought that every interaction, we were creating some sort of memory, maybe we would get more pleasure ourselves from life and give other people more pleasure. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yeah. Well, that's one of the internal motivators for our age group is the fact that we're connecting socially with other people for those memories, for the feel good in ourself. If that's about creating memories for others, maybe having memories for ourselves as well. That's driving us more at this age group. It's about memories and it's about pleasure and enjoyment and having fun. Neil Perry: And all those experience, kind of, industries are obviously doing the same thing, you know, whether that’s in the travel industry or events, airlines, you know, whatever it might be. That interaction that you have, you want people to get a lot of joy out of it. Dr Amanda Ferguson: And you want them to remember. I want them to remember, ‘oh, that's right. Amanda said 10 years ago,’ you know, because we’re in the people business. Neil Perry: Absolutely. And conversely, the fundamental thing that you have to get is job satisfaction. If you are already enjoying what you do, all the stuff we talk about with care, it's just not gonna come through. You know, all that has to be delivered with a genuine spirit of hospitality and that can't be done unless you are loving what you do and you're getting a lot of joy out of it. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yeah. Job satisfaction is engagement. That was my PhD area, that you love and like your work. So it's cognitive and emotional. Neil Perry: Yeah. Dr Amanda Ferguson: And that's where you're giving memories. Creating memories. You're making memories for yourself. Jean Kittson: And so do you ever say to people who have not enjoyed their work and they're now in their fifties, do you ever sort of suggest they may like to find something they like doing? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Absolutely. Yes. If they've not enjoyed it, but they've worked for reasons that are external motivators like money, providing that kind of thing, they've now got an opportunity – especially with the perspective of, okay, we are now living to the end of our lives. What's gonna be important to you now, so that when you're on your deathbed, you can look back at the memories and go, I have got no regrets. Neil Perry: You crystallise that very well, Amanda. When you're on your deathbed. Jean Kittson: Is there something you would've told your 50-year-old self, which you were 20 years ago? It's hard to believe, isn’t it? Neil Perry: I know it is. Jean Kittson: Is there anything that you would've told your 50-year-old self that you know now that you would've thought, I would've done that differently or anything? Neil Perry: Look, you know, I've made a couple of mistakes in the past two years that I wish I hadn't, but experience told me that I shouldn't have done it, but I did. And it was partly, you know, just being drunk on the success of Margaret and vesting a lot in Double Bay that I probably shouldn't have done. You know, I'm happy where I am now, so I always managed to fight my way out of these things. But yeah, look, I would probably just sit back and say, ‘hey, just run the numbers one more time and remember all the things that you said that you were never going to do.’ Because there were a whole lot of red flags on what I did. And I’d never do a restaurant where it’s got da, da, da. Never do da, never do this, never do that. Did all of them because I really wanted it. And I think back then, I was 50 when I started, or a little bit younger, when I started building the Rockpool Bar and Grill part of our life, which was the business that I managed to sell for quite a bit of money and set myself up for life really. But, I was very focused on not making those mistakes. So maybe my 50-year-old self should be telling my almost 70-year-old self – or my 67-year-old self when I made these decisions – stay by your code of conduct and don't get over enthusiastic. Jean Kittson: Yeah, dry that lettuce. Neil Perry: Dry that lettuce. Exactly. So interestingly, I don't regret anything in my life, really. But I do think that when you are in a situation where you've lived as long and you've been in the industry for as long as I have been, and you've managed to have as much success, it's really very satisfying to look back and think about. And it was hard work, all the hard work that you put in, but, you know, all the rewards that you got from it. Jean Kittson: All the rewards that other people got too. Bringing training and mentoring and bringing up such a team. For someone who mainly works on their own, I just admire that so much and I feel that that must be one of your greatest legacies. Not only educating us all about food and introducing us to wonderful recipes and experiences and memories, but just what you've contributed to the following generations. Neil Perry: Well, I've got to, I've worked with an enormous amount of people. I mean I don't even know how I could figure it out, but it'd be, I don’t know, 50,000 people over my career probably. Jean Kittson: Wow. That's amazing. Congratulations. Well, Amanda, like you were saying before, so we don't have regrets on our death bed – I'm gonna have quite a few. Don't you worry about that. And, I may be seeking your advice on how to manage those regrets. But, most of us will have regrets and part of the resilience of getting older is how to manage, you know, mistakes we've made and how to sort of, I suppose, work out in our minds why that might have happened and forgive ourselves or move on. And do you find that that's a very important part of getting older and keeping on going? Dr Amanda Ferguson: Well, yes. Good that you mentioned resilience because that, in the research, is about self-regulation. So, managing ourselves and social competency. So, being able to manage dealing with other people and communication, relationships, conflict resolution. So yeah, resilience is the key factor to prevent burnout, to help with engagement. It's very important, and to avoid regrets. Yeah. Your example, Neil is exactly one of those that you manage yourself better now and we learned through failure. I mean, you can't avoid failure if you’re going to keep growing in your life and stay at the top of your game, failure's just part of it. Neil Perry: Oh, you've gotta embrace failure. Yeah. I mean, you know, you learn 10 times more from failure than it is from success. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yeah. Neil Perry: So yeah, that's failing and then not being afraid to reengage, that's really important. Because some people fail and it causes them to overthink a lot and it causes them to not take the opportunities that are in front of them. So, it's really making sure that you look at the next opportunity and how do I make sure that those things aren't engaged in the thing going forward. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Exactly. Jean Kittson: Well, I think that is a really great way to end this conversation about continuing to fail is not a failure. Like continuing to fail is a good thing because you're taking risks and you're growing. And you have the confidence to not be damaged by it. Dr Amanda Ferguson: As Neil says, you can't avoid failure. If you fail to continue to be at the top of your game, there's a failure. But if you’re going to stay at the top of your game, you're gonna have to face failure. And that's a growth mindset. And welcome it because you're learning. Neil Perry: Yeah. Dr Amanda Ferguson: And you're still learning as you're getting older. How fabulous. Jean Kittson: How fabulous. Neil Perry: It's really about the amount of happiness that you have. So, there's no, no point in living an extra 10 years if you're not happy. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Neil Perry: So that's the key to life is like get to the end and be happy with where you've been, what you've done, and where you are. Dr Amanda Ferguson: Yeah. Agree. Jean Kittson: I agree too. That's fabulous. Thank you so much. Thank you, Neil. Thank you, Amanda. Thanks to our guests, Neil Perry and Dr Amanda Ferguson. You've been listening to Better with Age, season seven of DARE: The Time of Your Life, formally Life's Booming. Please leave a review and share this show with someone you know and visit seniors.com.au/podcast for more episodes. May you dare to live your best life. I'm Jean Kittson. Thank you. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Broadcaster and comedian Wendy Harmer and positive psychologist Dr Tim Sharp (aka ‘Dr Happy’) lift the veil on relationships and explore what it takes to nurture our most important connections with our partners, friends, and with ourselves. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. Join Jean Kittson for the seventh season of DARE: The time of your life (formerly Life’s Booming), called Better With Age. Too often ageing is painted as decline. In reality, Australians are living longer, healthier lives and reshaping what “older” looks like. This series flips the script and shows how ageing is not a dirty word but rather a time to be embraced, featuring interviews with extraordinary over 50s refusing to slip quietly into the background. Wendy Harmer is a trailblazing comedian, broadcaster and journalist who has spent decades at the centre of Australian media and entertainment. Wendy first made her mark breaking new ground in Australia’s stand-up comedy scene before going on to become one of the country’s most recognisable media personalities and the author of bestselling books including Farewell My Ovaries. Australia’s own Dr Happy, Dr Tim Sharp is a leading positive psychologist, bestselling author and founder of The Happiness Institute, Australia’s first organisation dedicated to enhancing happiness. With a career spanning academia, clinical psychology and public speaking, he’s become one of the most recognised voices on mental health and wellbeing. Watch DARE: The Time of Your Life on YouTube Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Apple Podcasts Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency -- TRANSCRIPT: Jean Kittson: Welcome back to the podcast – DARE: The Time of Your Life, formerly Life’s Booming, brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. I'm Jean Kittson, and this season is called Better with Age where we're flipping the script and showing how ageing is not a dirty word, but rather a time to be embraced. Australians are living longer, healthier lives, and this season celebrates over 50s who are pushing the boundaries of what ageing looks like and feels like. In this episode, we are lifting the veil on relationships and exploring what it takes to nurture our most important connections with our partners, friends, and with ourselves. We've probably all experienced how relationships shift over time. It's natural, of course, but it might surprise you to know just how important they are to our overall happiness and why it's vital to keep nurturing all relationships old and new. Which brings me to our first guest, Wendy Harmer, who knows about the importance of friendships and relationships and making new ones as we age. I first met Wendy when we worked together back in the 80s, so we've been friends a long time. She's one of Australia's most beloved entertainers, a trailblazing, standup comedian, journalist, broadcaster, performer and bestselling author. Her books include the wonderful Pearly children's book series, as well as more adult titles like Farewell My Ovaries and her memoir Lies My Mirror Told Me. And joining Wendy is Dr Tim Sharp, otherwise known as Dr Happy. Tim is one of Australia's leading positive psychologists, and the founder and Chief Happiness officer at the Happiness Institute. Also a bestselling author, including The Happiness Handbook and his most recent Lost and Found. Tim has dedicated his career to helping people live happier and more flourishing lives. Tim and Wendy, welcome to the podcast. Thank you both for coming in. Wendy Harmer: Great to be here, Jean. Jean Kittson: Oh, it's lovely to have you both here. Wendy Harmer: I've got to say, Tim, the first time I set eyes on this one, what a bombshell. She would've been on stage in a nurse's uniform at The Last Laugh Theatre Restaurant. It was, at the time, playing Nurse… Jean Kittson: Pam Sandwich… Wendy Harmer: …Pam Sandwich Jean Kittson: …in Let the Blood Run Free. Wendy Harmer: And this. All arms and legs and big boobs and blonde hair and falling over and doing all this amazing physical comedy. Everyone just adored Jean – and the men, we had to fight them off with a stick. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Well those were the days, weren't they? This is what friendship's all about Tim, right? Thanks Wendy. That was lovely of you to say that. I mean, we've known each other for, well, since the early 80s. Wendy Harmer: It would have been about ‘83. Jean Kittson: And you were on stage doing stand up. See, I was doing [characters] and you were amazing, what you were talking about, women’s things – topics for women, about women and relationships. Wendy Harmer: That's right. Well, because when I first started out doing standup, it was really a bloke's domain and I thought, well, this, you know, this is ridiculous because, you know, women's lives are interesting too, and I mean, there's one thing that annoys me above anything else is saying women aren't funny. Like the idea, Tim, that you would say, ‘oh, the pet budgie can make me laugh. The dog can make me laugh, but a woman can't make me laugh.’ I mean, it really, I think it strikes to our humanity and I get really cross about that. So I've sort of been a bit of a campaigner with that, you know, rubber chook on a stick for many years. But you know, the idea, I know you have this happiness. You talk a lot about happiness. How important is laughter? Dr Happy: Very important. Well, it's a general group, laughter, fun play, all of those things, which we too often underestimate and discount. Well, we sort of see them as a nice to have, but the research is pretty clear. It's super important for a good life. It's hard to live a best life, a thriving life, a flourishing life without laughter, without fun, without play. I mean, there are many other things as well, and I'm sure we'll get to some of those other things, but a hundred percent it is a very important contributor to living a really, really good quality life. Wendy Harmer: And it's interesting too, that our sense of humor. It's not universal at all. It's formed in that crucible of the family, or indeed your chosen family like Jean. You know, we chose each other as grownups to be a family. But that, you know, there is like the punny family, there's the practical joke family. There's, you know, each family has its own particular sense of humor, doesn't it? Jean Kittson: Well, I think friendship is a really important way of maintaining humour in your life because you get together with friends to have a laugh, don't you, often? Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Jean Kittson: I mean, they're complex relationships, friendships. I mean, you've had friendships for a long time, Wendy, long-term friends. Wendy Harmer: I still have a friend who was at my 70th birthday a couple of months ago, whom I met on the school bus when I was 13 years old. So I – Gary. So I think that's pretty cool. He's the friend that I've had the longest, but you know, Jean and I have very similar trajectories in this way. We both were sort of country girls, and then we went to Melbourne and then we moved to Sydney. And that is a big dislocator, isn't it, of friendships. It's when you, you know, and we both moved to Sydney about the same time, so we left this huge coterie of friends to move to Sydney with our husbands, and then we both had kids, which is isolating as well… Jean Kittson: …definitely, it changes everything, doesn't it… Wendy Harmer: … you know, the nature of a friendship just changes so much over the years. Jean Kittson: But in terms of friendship and happiness, I mean, is friendship a really important element? You are talking about laughing, which it is, but I know when I get together with friends, we laugh a lot. But friendship is a really important part of, you know, happiness. Dr Happy: Yeah. Well, look, I've been, well, I probably should say I started out my career specialising in unhappiness. I was a clinical psychologist to begin with and an academic. So I was studying sort of stress, depression, and misery before I even discovered happiness. But I have been studying, well, what we technically call positive psychology for several decades now. And if I had to sum up everything I've learned from thousands of research articles, hundreds of books, many, many conferences about, you know, what are the most important contributors to, well not just happiness, but wellbeing more generally, longevity, physical health, et cetera, it would certainly be positive relationships. In fact, one of the – so Christopher Peterson was one of the leaders, one of the grandfathers of positive psychology, and he dedicated his life to studying, thriving and flourishing. And he was once asked, what have you learned in, you know, 50 years as a professor? And he said, I can sum it up in three words. He said, other people matter. Wendy Harmer: Wow. That is correct. Dr Happy: So yeah, it's vitally important, almost certainly the most important contributor and the most important thing we can do is prioritise fostering and developing good quality relationships. Wendy Harmer: Well, you do hear that, don't you? That people ask on their deathbed, you know, what's your regret? And it's often that I didn't spend enough time with friends or family. You have some amazing relationships, Jean, and it's funny when you have a friend and you get to know that – and Angela, she's not a friend of mine, but I know her to be your best friend and that your friendship has been amazing over the years. How long have you known Angela? Jean Kittson: Well, I've known Angela for, since we were both teachers sent to the wilderness to teach first year out teachers. So probably since we were about 21, so 50 years. But she's a long distance friend, so I would speak to this friend regularly on the phone, and we speak all the time whenever we like on the phone, but I would only see Ange maybe once or twice a year, which is another thing about friendship. I know that our friendship endures because we speak regularly and we are in touch with each other's lives. Then I have friends who live a few streets away who I don't see for months, but I don't ring because they're only a few streets away and I lose contact – I mean, we often lose contact with friends. So, how do you manage that sort of – have you lost contact with any friends? You've got a huge cohort of friends. Wendy Harmer: Oh, well, I've lost, you know, I've lost contact with lots and lots of friends. I've only once lost contact with someone on purpose. I've done the– and that was after I spent time with this friend, and I realised that every time I walked away from spending time with this friend, I felt worse about myself. There was something just subtle in the relationship that just made me feel that I wasn't smart enough or I was like overweight or I wasn't achieving or whatever. Richard Stubbs, you know, our comedian friend, he would say, Wendy, he said, ‘sometimes you go back to that well, where it's quite clearly the person doesn't wanna be friends with you, and you are like, you won't take no for an answer.’ So I'm probably the opposite. I'm probably that needy person who wants, who needs you to be my friend, maybe. Jean Kittson: Well, I think we all need friends and we don't like it when we lose contact. And then you get embarrassed because it's been so long since you called. This is my situation that I'm too scared to ring up in case they just won't pick up and then I know I'm dropped. How do you mend broken friendships if– because they can be very painful, that sort of grief of losing someone just because of neglect, really not deliberately ghosting them or anything. Because friendships need to be nurtured, need to be fed in a way, need to be maintained. Wendy Harmer: [Like this plant..] Oh, that's plastic. That's plastic! I was going to say like this house plant! Jean Kittson: Yeah. Dr Happy: Look, it's, well, there's a couple of things there. You're a hundred percent right. We– relationships do need to be worked on. Now for some people that's easier than others. There's no doubt that some people who, at the risk of oversimplifying, may be the more extroverted people who find it more enjoyable, easier. It just comes naturally to them. Some of us, some other people, need to work a bit harder at it, but it is something you need to work at. And the other thing that came out through both of that, is that things change over time, which shouldn't be a surprise. You know, as we age and as our circumstances change and as our contexts change, you know, and you get married and you have children and then you retire, and all those sorts of things. So, our relationships will change, but we do still need to work on it. We do still, it is important to have some friends, for some people that will be fewer than others. You know, so some people, some of us are happy with one or two good friends, that's enough. Other people might need five 10 or whatever. But… Wendy Harmer: I can never have enough! Dr Happy: …and that's okay. Again, we're all different. Wendy Harmer: Well, yeah. My husband is, he has the most friendships of any person I've ever met in my entire life, to the point where every now and then, it's like barnacles on a barge. I have to go down and scrape them off… Dr Happy: Are you calling your husband a barge? Wendy Harmer: …every now and then. Yeah. But then he had his 50th birthday at our house. Mind you, 350 people came. Jean Kittson: Amazing. Dr Happy: Wow. Wendy Harmer: Lord. But it's almost… Jean Kittson: I’m jealous. Wendy Harmer: …Yeah. But it's almost like his mission, you know, mission in life. But you know, I'll tell you something though. Oh, have you ever had this Jean, have you ever been jealous of someone else's friendship? Because I remember years ago, I was a big Oprah aficionado. I loved everything that Oprah did. And then she talked all the time about her best friend, Gail King. Jean Kittson: Mm-hmm. Wendy Harmer: And they went on a road trip together and how they talked to each other three or four times a day and dah, dah, dah, dah. And I thought, oh, I wish I had a friendship like Gail and Oprah. So I had to stop reading about their friendship because it just seemed too ideal. But, I'm not sure that they weren't just lying. Jean Kittson: They–– didn't you say that they rang each other three or four times a day? Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Three, three or four times a day. Jean Kittson: I know that seems excessive. Wendy Harmer: It does seem excessive. Jean Kittson: I think it seems like there's some insecurity there even. Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Maybe. Jean Kittson: Maybe, although, you know, we all need friends for different reasons, and we all need them at different times for different reasons. Often friends are the ones that get you through the hardest times in your life and you don't want to burden your family and your partner all the time with your insecurities. Wendy Harmer: See, I wanna say something really important there, which I hate, which is, you know, where people, you know, they make their marriage vows and they say, ‘you are my best friend.’ And I think. I don't want my husband to be my best friend. My husband is my lover, but he's not my best friend. I mean, what do you think of that, Jean? Jean Kittson: Well, in some ways, I suppose, you need to have a friendship with your relationship. Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Yeah. Jean Kittson: It needs to be companionable. You need to trust them to be able to be honest with each other, and that's what friendships are like, and to have sex. You know, if you… Wendy Harmer: Be honest with each other? Are you serious? Jean Kittson: I'm serious. You gotta be honest about your– well, about how you're feeling, I mean, you don't, I mean– of course. I think honesty is really important, although, no, I don't wanna say anything too personal here, but there is a difference, yes. There is a difference between your friendship with your girlfriends, where you can just download and, I mean, do you have a really close male friend, this is the other thing? Wendy Harmer: Oh, yeah, yeah. I've got, actually, probably, I've got more male friends and female friends even. And I love my male friends. When my husband and I got married, I had an ex-boyfriend in my bridal party and he had his– one of his girl, not his girlfriend, but a female friend in his party. So we are very relaxed, you know, about all that. But as I say, you know, yes, I believe in trust, absolutely, in a relationship with your partner. Honesty? Hmm. I'll get back to you. Jean Kittson: Well, I think with really good friends, you can be honest. I often hear people say, oh, these– well, you were talking about a friend who made you feel bad. I'm not talking about that. But I think some friends, you often hear people say, ‘oh, friends should build you up’ or ‘you should always have a positive relationship with them.’ But sometimes friendships go through periods where you are there to support them through really hard times. So, it's not always gonna be someone who makes you feel better about yourself. It's maybe you making them feel better about themselves. Wendy Harmer: But sometimes also as a friend, you've got to say, listen, I think that you might be, you know, on the wrong path here. Or, you know, you've gotta put… Dr Happy: Honesty. Wendy Harmer: …Yeah. You've gotta be diplomatic, haven't you? But some– do you think that a friend, good friend should be able to say, yeah, well, maybe, I don't know whether this is quite the–– how should we go about that? Dr Happy: Oh, for sure. I think, well, if I take my sort of professional hat on and just so to speak personally, because this is something I've learned over the years and, and I haven't really seen much research on it.There's not much talk in the sort of academic community about it. But, I've come to learn, there are different types of friends and so, I have some friends who I can talk honestly about and share my feelings with, even though I'm a bloke and then there are other friends who are fun, but I would never go to them necessarily if I have a problem. And I don't think that necessarily makes them not a good friend. I think it took me a long time to learn there are just different friends who have, kind of almost different purposes for want of a better phrase, including my wife and family as well in that. And so there are some things I will call some people for and other things I'll call other people for and I don’t know if we necessarily give that as much consideration. Wendy Harmer: Is your… Jean Kittson: I think that's really true. Wendy Harmer: …Can I ask, do you think your wife is your best friend? Dr Happy: She is actually at the risk of disagreeing with you! But I don’t know if that's necessarily that common. I have, well, I suppose it depends how you define best, but we are very close friends. We've spent over 30 years now. Jean Kittson: I think you're right about friends for, you know, you don't have friends for all seasons. You have different friends for different seasons in a way. And I– there's friends I would call if I needed a bit of therapy, you know, uplifting, give me a confidence boost. And then there's friends that I would call to just take me out of my world into a whole different world. Wendy Harmer: Yeah… Jean Kittson: …And that's, that's a benefit of having many friends or a few friends. But of course, what you mentioned before, some people are introverts and find friendships more difficult to maybe maintain or they're more exhausting and other extroverts might have a whole lot of friends – like you and Brendan are both extroverts, I would say, Wendy. Dr Happy: Well, so at the risk of disagreeing, that's a bit of a misunderstanding, with introverts and extroverts, so it's not– introverts don't necessarily find friendships difficult. It's just that they don't get their energy from mixing with lots of people a lot of the time. So, they need to have time. They still could have good quality relationships, maybe not as many, but it's just that they'll need to take time out probably a bit more often and spend a bit more time on their own. So it is a bit of a– introverts aren't necessarily loners, or even lonely, for that matter. Jean Kittson: No, that's right. I'm glad you clarified that. I think I'm probably– was talking about sort of at parties and big [events] whereas extroverts get their energy, they find the whole thing… Dr Happy: Yeah. When you were describing your husband's party with 350 people, this is my worst nightmare. I was thinking, my God, I'd be out of there in five minutes. Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Tim, can I ask you, how do we kind of know, how do we know when we are deficient in friendship. Is there any universal standard or is it just every single person will feel that very differently? Dr Happy: That's a really good question. And there's probably multiple answers. Wendy Harmer: Thanks. It's a better question than Jean’s! Jean Kittson: Yeah, wow, I was– you just interview us, Wendy. I would be so happy. Dr Happy: As I say, no, great question. I think everyone is different. So again, we all need, you know, some of us are quite happy with a very small group of intimate friends, other people want the 350, whatever it might be. I guess the real question is to ask yourself honestly, like, how do I feel about my life? Do I feel I have enough, do I feel it's adequate in that context and in other contexts as well? Because there's a difference between being alone and being lonely – [we] kind of almost touched on that before. And again, there some people are perfectly happy, either totally on their own or maybe just one or two people in their lives. Other people need more than that, and it's not– one's not right or wrong or better or worse, it's just, again, we're different. So the question then is, how do you feel and if you are, if you don't feel happy with it… Although what we do need to be careful of, and you kind of touched on this a bit earlier maybe with the Oprah thing, is social comparison. Jean Kittson: Yes. Dr Happy: We do need to be careful looking at, you know, let's say you or your husband saying, ‘oh, she's got lots of friends. I don't have enough so I'm inadequate.’ Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Dr Happy: That's not necessarily the case. Social comparison is problematic and number is one, because as you hinted at, especially on social media, it's not always accurate. Not always truthful. But two, even if it does work for you or Oprah, it doesn't necessarily mean it works for me. Wendy Harmer: Mm-hmm. Dr Happy: So we've all gotta find our own right way, our own balance, I suppose. And again, for some people that will be a bit easier than others. Wendy Harmer: Mm, Jean Kittson: Yes. I suppose as you get older too, there's going to be, there's so many more responsibilities in your life. I know that as a carer, people always say, ‘oh, maintain your own friendships and maintain a social life,’ but it's almost impossible if you are a carer for someone and you're on-call and you have to cancel social engagements, and you find yourself drifting away from friends and moving – you're no longer the inner circle of your friendship group. You're getting further and further out. And I just wonder if that's– if you can repair that, if that couldn't be repaired when you are, you know, you have more time and let fewer responsibilities. Wendy Harmer: Yeah. It feels like, to me, it feels like to me that anyone that you want to have in your life would understand that. And if, if you picked up the phone and said, ‘look I've been caring for, you know, a sick relative or mum and dad or whatever,’ and I find myself now, you know, I don't have that as much responsibility anymore for whatever reason, whether there's been a bereavement or whatever that if you, if that, if you pick up the phone and that person says, welcome back and I've been thinking of you, and they welcome you with open arms, that's the person you want in your life, don't you think? Jean Kittson: Definitely. But I think the distance that can happen over years particularly means that people move on with their friendships and their lives have changed and you can no longer be intimately involved with their lives and it takes a lot to catch up. Wendy Harmer: Yeah, that's true. Jean Kittson: But you really– I think somehow you have to bridge that otherwise you will be lonely. Dr Happy: It's a really good point. As you were saying that I was, again, reflecting on my personal life as opposed to my professional life. And I was thinking, I've always found it difficult, you know, initially, busy starting my career and trying to establish my career, then getting married, having young children, and at that time, not that many of my friends had young children at the same time. So that sort of then, you know– so there was always, and now caring for elderly parents, et cetera. There's always been something that's potentially got in the way, but I am at a stage now where I'm trying to reestablish because I lost – I don't wanna bring this down too much – I lost many years through mental ill health, through quite serious depression, anxiety, and I particularly lost a lot of friendships because I isolated, it wasn't their fault necessarily. So I'm trying to reestablish it. And it's interesting, and this goes to your point, I think, to see how people respond. And some people are welcoming me back with open arms saying, ‘great, we missed you.’ Other people, not so much. And that's fine, I suppose. I guess you do learn when you do make that effort, who the real friends are. Wendy Harmer: One of the things that I'd like to talk about is that it is often women in relationships who are doing the heavy lifting when it comes to friendship. Of course this is very problematic if there is a bereavement, you know, and like my dad. My dad ended up living alone without friends. And I mean, it was very, I mean, he ended up, I think they prescribed him Prozac or some darn thing or whatever, but that happens to a lot of men, doesn't it really? It's something to watch out for, I would've  thought. Dr Happy: Certainly. Yeah, the research is pretty clear. Older men, well, men generally, tend to be not quite as good at fostering and developing those relationships. It tends to become more problematic as they age, and they tend to become more isolated, which is then a high risk factor for a whole range of problems including depression, but also other health problems as well. So yeah, it is a big problem and I think we're starting to see a real explosion as this, as the baby boomers really are hitting that, well are at that age now, I suppose, and even Gen X are getting to that point. Things are changing. So when I– I think my generation was sort of the bit of a turning point and then–– Well, when, if I look at my son, for example, is in his early twenties and how he interacts, and he might not be typical, but the way he relates to particularly his male friends is very different in a good way, I think. Jean Kittson: In a good way. Yeah. Wendy Harmer: I think I agree. Same with my–– how old's your son? Dr Happy: 23. Wendy Harmer: Yeah, mine's 28. I see them very accepting of each other. They don't have to, well, you know, maybe this, our particular sort of… Dr Happy: We might not be typical… Wendy Harmer: But they don't have to put on that macho thing, and they're very, it seems to me they do reach out to a friend who's down. You know, going through a hard time, they seem to be softer. Dr Happy: I think it is changing. So, I mean, I did a podcast series a few years ago on what does it mean to be a man? And the main thing I took, I learned from, I mean, I was meant to be teaching people, I suppose, but the main thing I learned from that is that there isn't one masculinity. There are masculinities. There are multiple ways to quote/unquote be a man. And I think I sort of try and talk a lot about that, particularly young men that, you know, there are different ways to be masculine. There are different ways to show your emotions. There are different ways to be vulnerable. Again, we'll all do that differently, but if we can be more accepting, I think that's really important because, you know, men as a result of all of that, there are significant health and mental health problems, from poor definitions of masculinity. Jean Kittson: Yes, of course. Wendy Harmer: Hey Jean, do you reckon you can make a new friend at our age? Jean Kittson: Well, I was just going to ask you that, in fact, Wendy. I think well, if we take from the men's side, often people of our age and getting older are put into retirement villages or their families say, you know, you go off and sell the family home. And they wanna put us with each other instead of a cross section. And we’re supposed to make friends like we were back at kindergarten and often people are in their 80s and they move into a whole new community. Wendy Harmer: They're quite set in their ways. Of course. Jean Kittson: …yes, of course Not flexible. Jean Kittson: Well, maybe they just have other, different incapacities. Maybe they can't see very well, maybe they can't hear very well, and you're supposed to start new friendships at that stage in life. I think that from my point of view, but I'd rather ask you both this.. Wendy Harmer: …but you've written the books about this… Jean Kittson: Well, I wrote books about being, yes, about caring for our elders and how to make sure they got what they wanted and they had the life they wanted. And not many people wanna leave their community at a late age and try to make new friends, that's for sure. It's very, very difficult. And often it comes with, because of their maybe ill health and they can't– mum had lost her sight for 20 years and mum and dad, both of them couldn't hear very well. So it was harder to make new friends, but they did through groups, like you're saying, how do you make new friends? It's like the Men Shed, or bowling for the vision impaired – which is a very dangerous sport, I must say – but you make new friends by, and we had… and there's, you know, choirs and painting and perhaps joining groups where you're not having to go out for a coffee and sit opposite a stranger and try to, you know, find common ground, that you're doing something else. It's like the friendships, I imagine, it's like those sometimes very intimate friendships you have with people on a train or a bus or a plane that you know you're never going to see again, and then you just share all sorts of things. Wendy Harmer: Yeah. Yeah. Well, I'm really pleased to hear that because I mean, it just sounds horrifying to me, the idea of going to an aged care home and being sat around with a whole lot of people and then think, and someone jollying and like, ‘oh, let's all be friends’. I could not think of anything worse. But you're saying that it doesn't have to be like that. Jean Kittson: Oh, there is a lot of community and if you're there for a while, I mean, people often are very– start off not very happy in those sort of places, because they've had illness. And there'll be a lot of people probably listening to this podcast who are struggling with things that are happening in their lives and thinking, well, how do I even have time for friends? But it is really important, even if you've only got one friend, don't you think? Dr Happy: Definitely, and I think you've hit the nail on the head. I think it is difficult, I think we all acknowledge that, but it is possible. And I think you're right. Joining clubs, societies, community– I mean, I was thinking of my mum who, after mum and dad got divorced and very later became a very passionate bridge player like multiple times a week. And that was her family. It was her second family. It was– dad's been very involved in Rotary. So some of the– you know, there are communities or groups that already exist, you know, woodworking or sporting or the Men's Sheds for example, that's a great way to do it because you're also pursuing, you know, presuming you're pursuing a passion that you enjoy or some sort of hobby, but you're interacting with other people. So that is possible and it's one of probably, the best and easiest way to do it if that's something you want to or need to do. Wendy Harmer: Mm-hmm. I did a little bit of research about this, about resilience in children, and one of the conclusions is that resilience, if a child– a child just needs one adult to make a difference to their resilience. So, and you know, that might not be mum or dad, it could be a friend, could be a relative or whatever, but just that one person, and I'm thinking it's probably the same in old age as well. Dr Happy: Yeah, well I talk a lot about happiness and thriving, flourishing, and as I had said earlier, I talk a lot about positive relationships because it's one of the most important contributors. And I often talk about what I call ‘3:00 AM friends.’ Who would you call at 3:00 AM when the [bleep] hits the fan? – Am I allowed to say that? – When something goes wrong. And well like you said, you really only need one. I mean, if you've got two or three. That's just fantastic. But if you've got one person who you can call when something's gone wrong, that's all you need and that's super important at any age really. Wendy Harmer: Well I’ve got Jean on speed dial. Jean Kittson: Call me at 3:00 AM anytime, Wendy. Oh, that's a very great point. Wendy Harmer: I've never thought of that. That’s a really good point, who would you call? Jean Kittson: Who would you call… Wendy Harmer:…who would you call at 3:00 AM? Well, I know that Jean has been such an extraordinary carer for her mum and dad that I know that she'll have every number of every medical centre, ambulance, where to get drugs… Jean Kittson: But which friend would I call? Dr Happy: Can I get your number? Jean Kittson: And have you got someone you would call after…? Dr Happy: Well, at the risk of upsetting Wendy, my wife. And then well, yeah, I'm pretty lucky to have a good family as well. So, I wouldn't say we are best buddies who speak every day, but I have a brother and sister, and we have pretty good, strong relationships. I think if I needed to, I know either one of them would do whatever they could. I have a father who's still, he's obviously getting– my mother died, but he's elderly and physically sort of isn't able to do much, but he would do whatever he could, obviously. And then, yeah, I do have a small handful of friends who I think if I really needed to and who I have, I suppose in the past, called up when I needed to. Wendy Harmer: I wanna put this, I mean, I really, really must insist here that, I'm talking about in the event that my husband is like, lying next to me dead or something, who am I gonna call? Because he would be the first person… Dr Happy: …well if he's dead there's no point calling anyone! Jean Kittson: It's interesting that, well, sometimes people would prefer, well, what am I trying to say here? Sometimes I feel guilty when I think the first people I would call would be in my family. They're the people I'm closest to, probably, and they're the ones that I– we share everything. Wendy Harmer: Yeah, of course. Jean Kittson: But then psychologically that could be called enmeshment, if I say I'd call my daughters if I, you know, needed something at three in the morning, they'd be the first people that I would. Wendy Harmer: Of course. Jean Kittson: But, I'm not sure whether that's unhealthy or not. Dr Happy: No, not necessarily. Enmeshment is maybe the three times a day sort of thing, but calling – and probably I should have put my kids in that when I was talking about earlier as well – but no, I think calling… One of the greatest myths in our society, I think, and one of the greatest myths and misconception about happiness or life generally, is this myth of independence. And I could bang on about neoliberalism… Wendy Harmer: …No man is an Island, John Donne… Dr Happy: But no, well, I think so much of a sort of quote/unquote Western society is focused on independence and individual responsibility. And that's not to say we shouldn't be responsible. Of course we should, but we are social animals. We're social beings, and there's nothing wrong at all in needing other people and relying on other people. Not every minute of every day for everything. That's problematic. But when something goes wrong, we shouldn't feel bad at all about reaching out and asking for help. Wendy Harmer: But this is also, this is also a product of the kind of society that we live in. I mean, if you look at those intergenerational households… Dr Happy: Mm-hmm. Wendy Harmer: …that you see in so many other cultures, of course everyone's enmeshed and everyone's friends, everyone's arguing, everyone's, you know, it's a whole… Jean Kittson: Ecosystem… Wendy Harmer: …in itself. That's right. And so you've got, living down the street, there's this ecosystem there and this one there and this one there. But, Australia, of course, we have this thing where, oh, you must grow up and move out of home and it's gonna be great for everyone. And I mean, it's not necessarily. Jean Kittson: Well, we're products of the nuclear family, aren't we? Where our… Wendy Harmer: Yeah, we sure are. Jean Kittson: …our parents were, they were aspirational. They wanted to leave the small towns and the… everyone seemed to think a small town was bad when I was growing up. And you had to go to the city and that was where the excitement was and the stimulation was, and that's where people got things done and they were more interesting. And now I think we're realising that small towns and villages… Dr Happy: …green changes… Jean Kittson: …yeah, exactly. They really have so much to offer. And you were talking about young people beforehand, people in villages, you know, now we need mentors for young people and this great organisation, Raise organisation, that puts mentors in schools. And that's another thing you can do if you're older and you wanna connect, you can volunteer to be a mentor for a younger person. A younger person once– you know, we had, when we were in a village, we had mentors, whether we liked it or not. We had companionship because everyone was interested in who we were and what we might contribute to the community. But that's lost. Wendy Harmer: Well, I'm glad you're asking. Yes, I will move in with you. Jean Kittson: Yes. Move in and mentor me, Wendy. Dr Happy: No, I think… I couldn't agree more. I think there's no doubt that big cities do offer something like, you know, employment prospects and entertainment variety and even, you know, cafes and restaurants and blah, blah, blah. But when we're– if you look at the research into, well not happiness at an individual level, but sort of, thriving and flourishing at a sort of higher level, the happiest places to live tend to be those regional centres that are big enough… so for example, in, you know, New South Wales it would be Orange or Newcastle or Wollongong. So they're big enough to have everything you might want, but still small enough to have a sense of connection and community. Wendy Harmer: …Geelong, Ballarat … Dr Happy: Yeah. So every state would have a version of that. And that's what you know, I think during COVID for example, we saw a significant shift to some of those places. Because that's what people were looking for, that connection, that community, and many of those people have stayed there or are continuing to move those spaces. So, I mean, I suppose if you can find that in the big city, great. That's good. That's what we wanna try and do, those of us that do live in big cities, to find that community through clubs, through societies, through whatever, you know, surf club, for example, that's a great example. Whatever it might be. Jean Kittson: That is an excellent piece of advice about finding the connection where you are. So many people reach our age and they decide they want a tree change or a sea change, and they leave their community and then they think their kids will visit, but they're back in the city with their own family earning a living, and then they find they're on their own again, and they've left the people that are really important. Yeah, would you ever move Wendy? Wendy Harmer: Oh yes. Jean Kittson: …but not far… Wendy Harmer: Oh, yes! My husband's a bit of a mollusc and a rock. We lived in, I mean I grew up moving all over the place because dad was a rural school teacher. So, I mean, when we talk about friendships, well, you know, I had to make friends over and over and over again. And so I think that's why I might just have a little bit of neediness there because I always think, oh, you know, that things that you grow up with, I suppose a pathology. I would love to move, but my husband's very content to, you know, where he is. I've got one daughter who lives next door. I mean, I adore that. And then I've got one son who's, you know, he spends a lot of time overseas, so, I've got a bit, you know, I've got a bit of both. Would I move ? Jean Kittson: Well, you could take your friends with you, obviously you would move in the same area, or would you do a really– I mean… I would be worried about community and friendship moving. Wendy Harmer: You have to understand this. Did I say mollusc on a rock? The man is immovable. It's not happening. So, yeah. But, you know, home for me is where I am. You know, I don't– because I grew up in all these different places, I don't really– if you said, Wendy, where's home? I would say, here, Wendy is home. That's where home is for me. So a little bit different. Jean Kittson: And Tim, what about you? Dr Happy: Well, we were chatting before, and we're literally in the process of selling a family home that we've been in for 25 years. But we're probably not going to move very far at all, like a few kilometers. But what we have done, because we're empty nesters now, but we've also bought a block of bush, a couple of hours out of Sydney, where we're gradually spending more and more time. So that's thoroughly enjoyable, immersed in nature. So sort of trying to get the best of both worlds. We have a smaller place in Sydney and a nice retreat. Jean Kittson: That's perfect. That's like the ideal. Wendy Harmer: …best of both worlds. Fantastic. Jean Kittson: My sister and I both married people from New South Wales and then my parents moved from Sorento where they'd been for years and years, had a great network of friends and they moved up to New South Wales to be near my sister and I. We both had young kids. We were both, you know, we needed help, and they moved there. And I went back to Sorento last week, and there were all these people – to do a fundraiser for a hospice – and there were all these people who were friends of mum and dad's. Because they were in business, they had friends that were younger. We didn't touch on this, but friends of different ages, you know, not just your peers. They had friends who were my age who thought of them really fondly and it was really lovely. It was amazing how warmly they spoke of them and how if mum and dad had turned up again after 20 years, they would just fall straight back into that friendship. Wendy Harmer: We get back to that, to the kind of culture that we live in that does not make being close as possible as it should. Jean Kittson: No, we should never have moved away from mum and dad. We should have stayed near them and they moved to be near us. And, I don't think they– they made some good friends, very, very good friends. But the friendships they'd made over their middle years were the closest friends, and long lasting. I mean, after their death, they were still friends with them. In fact, I was saying how I've got this problem because mum and dad's ashes are still in my cupboard, because mum wanted to be scattered at sea and dad wanted to be with mum, but not scattered at sea. So. I'm stuck. Dr Happy: I'm not gonna get involved in that one! Jean Kittson: No, exactly! Wendy Harmer: I've still got a whole lot of dad's ashes, because he moved around Victoria so much, I've got no idea where I should put them. I'd have to do this tour, you know, Cook’s tour and put I bit there, and a bit there, a bit there… Jean Kittson: But what I was gonna say, one of these women who– mum had given her her first job, which I didn't really know her. She has a boat and she said I'll take their ashes out and scatter them for you. Wasn't that nice? Dr Happy: There you go, a generous offer. Jean Kittson: I know… what sort of… that's a pretty good friendship, I would say. Wendy Harmer: Yeah. I'll scatter your ashes after you die. Jean Kittson: Will you? Thank you Wendy. Wendy Harmer: I think I'll do it in the shoe department at David Jones. Jean Kittson: Do it next week…! Wendy Harmer: You'd be quite happy there, wouldn't you? Jean Kittson: That's where you would be. I'll be in the local op shop. Just leave them there. Someone will probably buy them. Would either of you like to say anything more about the importance of friendship because we can wrap up otherwise. Wendy Harmer: I would like to say that I'm still recruiting! Jean Kittson: Yeah. I'll share your number! Wendy Harmer: …So if you'd like to… Jean Kittson: …this is Wendy's number Wendy Harmer: …if you'd like to be my, where's my camera? If you'd like to be my friend, do drop me a line. Look, I am Mrs Have-a-chat. My daughter just says, going down the street with you is a nightmare because I'm like, oh, there's the butcher. I might have a yarn with them. And oh, there's… So, yes. As I say, I'm taking applications. Dr Happy: Oh. Well, I think I probably already made my point, but I just to reiterate, I'd say there are multiple factors that contribute to living a good and happy life, but if I was gonna say the most important thing, I would say fostering and developing good quality relationships. So, make it a priority. It's just as if not more important than anything else you can possibly do. Jean Kittson: Thank you both very much… Wendy Harmer: …And thank you for being my friend all these years. Jean Kittson, an ornament to my life. Jean Kittson: Yeah. I'm a bauble on the Christmas tree of your friendship tower. Wendy Harmer: Indeed. Jean Kittson: Oh no. Well, I'm very proud to be your friend, that's for sure. Thank you both so much. I've learned a lot and I'm gonna ring up some friends now… And thank you for sharing your stories of friendship too. Thanks, Wendy. Thanks, Tim. Wendy Harmer: You're welcome. Thank you, Jean. Dr Happy: Thank you. Jean Kittson: Thanks. Thank you to Wendy Harmer and Dr Tim Sharp. You've been listening to DARE: The time of your life, brought to you by Australian seniors. Please leave a review and share this show with someone you know. Visit seniors.com au slash podcast for more episodes. Thank you. Goodbye.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of DARE: The Time of Your Life, we are looking at Breaking New Ground. At an age when many people are beginning to look for the off switch, some over 50s are inspiring us by dreaming bigger than ever. Like our guest Jamie Durie. The landscape designer and TV host isn’t just 'not winding down', he’s completely upskilling and re-tooling. Join his conversation with host Jean Kittson alongside clinical psychologist and men’s mental health expert Dr Zac Seidler. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. Join Jean Kittson for the seventh season of DARE: The time of your life (formerly Life’s Booming), called Better With Age. Too often ageing is painted as decline. In reality, Australians are living longer, healthier lives and reshaping what “older” looks like. This series flips the script and shows how ageing is not a dirty word but rather a time to be embraced, featuring interviews with extraordinary over 50s refusing to slip quietly into the background. Award-winning landscape designer and sustainability advocate Jamie Durie was once a performer with all-male revue group Manpower, before he realised his passion for horticulture and garden design. Now Jamie is navigating the beautiful chaos of a young family in his 50s, while revolutionising the way we build our homes in TV’s Jamie Durie’s Future House. Dr Zac Seidler is a clinical psychologist, researcher and leading men’s mental health expert. He currently holds dual roles as Global Director of Research at Movember and Associate Professor with Orygen at the University of Melbourne. Watch DARE: The Time of Your Life on YouTube Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Apple Podcasts Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency -- TRANSCRIPT: Jean Kittson: Welcome back to the podcast, DARE: the Time of Your Life, formerly Life's Booming, brought to you by Australian seniors in partnership with RSPCA. For more episodes, visit seniors.com au/podcast. Hi, I'm Jean Kittson, and this season is called Better With Age, where we are flipping the script and showing you how ageing is not a dirty word, rather it's a time to be embraced. In this episode, we are looking at Breaking New Ground. At an age when many people are beginning to look for the off switch, some over 50s are inspiring us by dreaming bigger than ever. Take our guest, Jamie Durie, the landscape designer and TV host isn't just not winding down, he's completely upskilling and retooling. From navigating the beautiful chaos of a young family in his fifties to revolutionising the way we build our homes with high tech prefab design, Jamie is living proof getting older doesn't automatically mean it's time to start downsizing. Also with us is Dr. Zac Seidler, a clinical psychologist and leading men's mental health expert. Zac is also global Director of Men's Health Research at Movember. Jamie and Zac, I'm so happy to welcome you both to the studio. Welcome. Jamie Durie: Thank you. Yeah, great to be here. Good to meet you, Zac. Zac Seidler: You too, Jamie. Can’t wait to chat. Jean Kittson: I know. Well, it's so exciting to hear what you're doing, Jamie, and you know when people are usually in their fifties, I suppose they start thinking about maybe slowing down or… never crossed your mind? Jamie Durie: Well, I think we, as men, and I'm hoping I'm not alone here, Zac. We only really start working it out in our 40s, and by the time you then reach 50, you go, Hmm, okay, now I know exactly where I wanna land and exactly what I wanna focus on. And I've got the experience behind me where I've made a few mistakes, learnt along the way, and I can apply with accuracy and shoot with a rifle – not a shotgun at your goals, if you like. Because the idea of, kind of, focusing in on the things that I think you’re most passionate about and that are most relevant in your place is, I think, distilling everything you've learned throughout your career. Jean Kittson: Yeah. It's something you come to with experience. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: And as you say, making maybe some mistakes, but then refining, fine tuning where your passion is, is this, like what you are doing now with this prefab. Is it the Prefab housing where you are also doing something called the Infinity Garden? Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: What's… tell us about this project? Jamie Durie: Well this, you know, Future House is the name of the show, and we're now at Channel Nine, which is brilliant, and we've had an amazing season. Basically it's an exploration of modern methods of construction and if we are sitting in the building crisis right now, the housing crisis, and we've got, you know, 1.2 million homes to build over the next five years – how on earth are we gonna achieve that target when we're 87,000 trades short of achieving that target with our conservative ways of building houses? Our houses need to be more energy efficient. They need to be more cost effective. They need to be more structurally sound. They need to be more resilient with increased weather attacks, you know, over the last five, 10 years, we've all seen the floods, the fires, the storms all increasing. And then how do we make it more affordable for everyday Australians so that we can all, you know, get off this renting bus and actually start to own a piece of Australia and be proud of it, but make it more affordable. So that’s what it’s really about. Prefab has come a long way. We're no longer talking about those archaic old ‘kit homes’, they're now beautifully designed, sophisticated homes, some of them, which you can buy at a hardware store at Bunnings these days. Jean Kittson: Wow. Jamie Durie: I don't know whether you've seen that or not, but it's amazing what's happening in this space and we're playing catch up and we wanted to develop a format to talk about those where we could, you know, pass on some of these learnings and create intelligent DIY design where Australians could learn from what we are learning from and help progress the solutions around solving the building crisis. Jean Kittson: Well, I can hear that you are using all your background in, you know, gardens and landscaping and building, but also a maturity that, you know, and in experience and knowledge that comes with age as you personally. And then you taking this knowledge and experience and then putting it into the community for a really important community benefit. How does that… does that make you feel good about your work? Is that what you mean by focusing more, in your 50s? Jamie Durie: Oh, for sure. This is the show I've always wanted to make. Having worked on 56 primetime shows throughout my career, which is a lot, when you only started at kind of 28. It feels like everything's come full circle because, you know, we're not just inspiring people to take up new ideas, but we're instilling them with education and awareness around how to create more sustainable homes, how to tread more lightly on the planet, how to reduce our energy costs, how to tackle the cost of living crisis and how to get more Australian families into more homes faster. Jean Kittson: That's amazing. I mean, from a person… personally, that's a lot of work, Jamie. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson:You don't feel like you should be slowing down, spending more time, you know… Jamie Durie: …weirdly Jean Kittson: …pottering around. Jamie Durie: No, weirdly, the more I dive into this, the more passionate I become and passion creates energy. You know, it just comes from somewhere. You would know this, Zac. You know, I mean, what you guys have created is astonishing and the people's lives that you've touched through the funds raised throughout Movember is absolutely mind blowing. Zac Seidler: Thanks Jamie, I appreciate that. It's been a community effort in a very similar vein, and I think Australians can really get around that type of… Jamie Durie: …Yeah… Zac Seidler: …of grassroots community building when you provide them with the right resources to do so. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: But I love the idea that, you know, I don't, I think that slowing down, that idea of becoming 50 or 60 and starting to slow down, especially because life expectancy is increasing – thank God. Jamie Durie: …Yeah… Zac Seidler: …We're moving, you know, into longer lives, hopefully healthier lives as well. The data is pretty clear that when men start to slow down, bad things happen, to be honest. Retirement is not a good vibe for lots of guys because they have not built the scaffolding around them. They often haven't spent a lot of time with their friends or family over the years because they've been in this provider protector mode for so long, that when it slows down, they go, okay, I'm gonna play golf, I guess, or something and I've never played it before. And how does this work? And who are the guys I'm gonna call? And so, I really like the idea of seeing eras of your life and the fact that as you are maturing and ageing, you are becoming more dynamic in ways and kind of getting rid of the stuff that was a waste of energy, the stress, the anxiety, the trying to do a thousand things at once that I'm probably still doing and hopefully we'll get rid of at some point. But that ability to work out where you want to spend your time and energy for, you know, the next era and then there'll be another one after. That's so important. And I think, you know, Movember has been around for over 20 years and we're now moving into the next stage. We were just this young kid on the block, you know, kind of breaking stuff and trying to work out what's the best way to show up in the charity space and really change men's lives, and it started with a practical joke. It starts with, with something that everyone… Jean Kittson: …A pun, yeah. Zac Seidler: A pun. Exactly. And it moves from that conversation starter really into thousands of programs and a billion dollars plus that we've fundraised over the years. And so many people say that men don't wanna get around this stuff. You know, it's like, oh… Typically it is women leading charity dinners and doing fundraising events and we kind of broke that mould and suggested that if you provide the right framework, something that is about banter and community and mateship and the things that matters to guys and their health. You know, health by stealth is always what we say… Jean Kittson: Yeah, health by stealth… Zac Seidler: Go around, don't hit them on the head with the thing. Jean Kittson: No, Jamie Durie: …that's right. Jean Kittson: Start in a light way with a light, you know, an idea that's fun. And then dig a bit deeper. Jamie Durie: And it's the path of least resistance, isn't it? Because I grew up watching Magnum PI. And there's a Tom Selleck in all of us, where we desperately wanted to grow that mustache, but just didn't feel like there was enough reason to, and this gives us the excuse. Jen Kittson: Yeah. Jamie Durie: To go, oh, I'm doing something good. And I'm also exploring this mustache, which could look terrible on me, but it also could look fantastic. And my Mrs might love it! Zac Seidler: I love the wives and the girlfriends who are just like, ‘make this stop!’ every year. But that is the joy of this thing. And some people find that they can grow a beautiful mustache. We had a whole campaign called Shit Mo’s Save Lives. You've got this wispy thing. It doesn't matter. Jean Kittson: It doesn't matter! Jamie Durie: Growing a mustache doesn't happen overnight. No. And so there's this constant reminder of the cause. And bringing people back, bringing people's minds back every time you look in the mirror, oh, that's why I'm doing this because I'm raising money for this cause. Zac Seidler: And we also want to get around the idea that, you know, November is one month of the year. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: We're lucky to have the pun to stand behind. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: But this is an all-year situation. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: You know, there are guys, whether it's prostate cancer, testicular cancer, mental health and, and suicide prevention, lots of the things that we work in, they don't come and go, you know? They are a part of men's health. They're a part of our families. Our wives deal with them, our children manage this stuff. And so we wanna make this an all year round conversation, and it just gets supercharged in November. Jean Kittson: So what would you say to men who perhaps think they can just stop everything or they've had to stop everything because of health or their age or their jobs finished because of their age and they think they can go out to play golf. But then as you say, they may not have the friends around because they haven't stayed in touch with them, or that. So how do men find a new purpose? Because I think what you are doing, Jamie, is really a progression, a development of everything you've been doing in your past. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: But some men have just spent their whole lives doing one thing. And then suddenly that stops. So how do they find a new sort of purpose, or how can they build on the skills, the knowledge they have? Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jean Kittson: What, what do you say to them? Zac Seidler: I'm very keen for Jamie's thoughts, but the way that I see it, because I see a lot of men in their 50s, 60s… It's funny because lots of guys now are having their midlife crisis in their 30s, which is kind of good because they still have the time to pivot accordingly. But what happens is that, when we get into the 60s, 70s, even, even 80s –– my grandpa's 96 and still kicking; he’s around. He goes into his office every day. I have no idea what he does, but he goes to work, right? So there's a part of that purpose that comes from that, but it's about an expansion really, which is that if you are myopic and you have this singular vision of who you are, and this is all that you can do, when that thing ends, whether you are fired, made redundant, you know, you retire, whatever might take place, you know we're in shifting times at the moment, and without that foresight and without the vulnerability to go, who am I? Taking pause going, who am I? What matters to me? What are my values and how can I go about, you know, picking and choosing lots of different things to spend my time doing, whether that's family, friends, hobbies… You know, it shouldn't just come when you click pause and you go, who am I now? What am I supposed to do? Because that is going to breed catastrophe. It's terrifying for all of us. You need to work your way up to it and realise, there is, each day, a chance to kind of do a little bit more in different fields of your life, water the ground in different areas, and realise that if you are, you know, you can be a one track, you can be a one corporation man your entire life. There's nothing wrong with that. But if it comes at the cost of you never prioritising your kids or your friends or your hobbies, that's just not really what we're here for. We're here to do many different things and to expand and grow. And I always find it very interesting. There's this trope that men don't talk, they don't want to go to therapy, they don't want to discuss what's happening in their lives. And I always, whenever a guy comes in and he is a bit, you know, doesn't have all the words, he grunts a bit. He's silent most of the time. I'm like, why are we here if not to understand ourselves? Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And I think that lots of guys, when they get into those later years, they start to do that work, but it'd be lovely if they could do it a bit earlier. Jamie Durie: I didn't start my career in, you know, finding our future version of our house, you know, like what is the modern method of construction? I'd started in a very different space, where I was in Las Vegas dancing with an all male group called Manpower. You know? Jean Kittson: Dancing very well! Zac Seidler: Well, various people said, you need to talk to Jamie about this. You brought it up, not me! Jamie Durie: No, no. And, but listen, they were the greatest years of my life and, you know, I started when I was 16. I was lucky enough to meet, along my travels, and we toured 14 different countries and played to, you know, sometimes 8,000 women a night at various Zac Seidler: …and that one guy that was forced to be there! Jamie Durie: …entertainment centers… Yeah, in Sun City, in South Africa and Hong Kong and all over the place. And, I got to see a lot of the world, many, many times. Circumnavigated the globe many times before I was even 21. And I think, travel's been, you know, my greatest teacher. They say it's the university of life. And so by the time I got to sort of 23, I was like, okay, what do I really wanna do with my life? And weirdly, I met a garden designer, by the name of Paul Bengay and we got talking. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Jamie Durie: And he took me to his garden design studio and he said, ‘this is what I do,’ and I said, you design gardens for a living. This is amazing. So not only could I help heal the planet by planting more trees. But I can also do it in a creative way that would stimulate the creative side of myself. Right? So before I left Manpower, I enrolled into a horticultural course for four years, and there was that overlap effect where I was still doing shows. Still producing calendars. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Jamie Durie: …and my teachers had copies of my calendar. My horticultural teachers had copies of my calendar in their, in their staff room. And they were laughing at the fact that I was, you know, turning up to school every week, learning the names of plants – three and a half thousand of them – and, and throughout that period, you know, I didn't really graduate until I'd sort of reached, I think 30, but those last few years of my life where I was still doing shows at the Crown Casino in Melbourne and, and Las Vegas in the summer in in America… but I was going to school and studying. That's the pivot. That is… there's that overlap effect. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Overlap, yeah. Jamie Durie: Find what you are passionate about. Start seeding that idea, pushing your way into what is it that I next wanna do and move. And I think my love for the environment started way back then. And then morphed into what I'm doing today. And there's been that overlap into, okay, how are we gonna repair the planet as well? So, you know, I've overlapped the next section of my career out of horticulture and then into environmental work, you know, so I'm… Zac Seidler: It’s so, so values driven. And that's the thing, you know, you see young guys now who all want to be entrepreneurs and I end up seeing them because they're struggling to kind of reach this status that they believe they should reach in order to be successful. But it's get rich quick. And what you're describing is time, it's time, it's effort. Jamie Durie: Yeah Zac Seidler: It requires an understanding of what matters to you. And trial and error and failure and all of that stuff. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Which eventually. That all is the making of a man, you know? Yeah, yeah. Over time and you, you did two things at once, because you've gotta make a living. You've gotta try to work out what matters to you, where you're gonna go next, and you just keep following those open doors rather than going, this has to happen now. Jamie Durie: Oh yeah. Yeah. I remember. I remember doing a Samsung campaign. I was naked. And I was, I was, I finished that campaign and then I'd, I'd literally the next, that afternoon was at Ryde horticultural college studying plants. But, you know, something had to pay the rent, right? Jean Kittson: Yeah that's right… Jamie Durie: …you kind of... Jean Kittson: … it looks like a world, world apart, but you were able to do that. Jamie Durie: …Yeah. Jean Kittson: …follow both. Do this thing you had to do… Jamie Durie: But Zac, you've pointed out something there, which I think is quite important. And I think it sits in all of us as genuine human beings and it's cause-related drive. And the advertising industry call is called this CRM: cause related marketing. But cause-related drive sits in all of us. And when we suddenly tap into something that we feel like… is supporting community, supporting the planet, supporting your fellow human being. There's a different drive inside you that kicks in. You've got it. That's what's driven you with, with your group, over the years. I've got it there. There's, so if you can tap into what is your cause-related drive, you don't really have to find the energy. Zac Seidler: Mm-hmm. Jamie Durie: It finds you… Zac Seidler: That, that is exactly how I feel. Like, lots of people roll their eyes when they ask me, are you, you know, what's your job like, what's a dream job? And I'm like, I'm in it. I'm living it. Jamie Durie: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Zac Seidler: And no one wants to hear this positivity for some reason. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: I'm like, everyone wants to complain all the time. And I'm like. No, I've, I'm having a good time. It's con–– it's nimble, it's constantly dynamic. It changes every day. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: The lives of men, the, the man that shows up in, in front of me, he changes every moment. Let alone all of the other guys around him in the same way that nature constantly adapts over time. Jamie Durie: Yeah. You know, Zac, you're underselling yourself a little bit because Movember started here in Australia. Zac Seidler: Mm-hmm. In 2003. Jamie Durie: Yeah. But now how many countries does it here? Zac Seidler: Over 20. Jamie Durie: And you've raised how much? Zac Seidler: Over a billion Australian. Jamie Durie: That is a huge impact, and those funds get distributed. How… and are you part of the decision making process around that? Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jamie Durie: Tell me, tell me about that. Zac Seidler: So, I, so I lead our research team. So we've got, you know, 20 PhDs across the globe who are asking questions around what's going on for men, what's happening when they engage with health systems; you know, what's happening for new dads? You know, how, how is the GP gonna ask questions about it? To a dad who might be experiencing postnatal depression… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …but isn't aware of it. We're looking at the manosphere in social media to make, you know, men's lives a bit easier so they don't get tricked into some of this stuff, which is… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …which is harming them. So I get to do the research. Then we've got an entire program’s team where we're going to the community, grassroots, and creating programs in local footy clubs for coaches, parents, and young guys… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …to understand the signs, spot the signs, be able to talk with one another when they're struggling. Upskill community, fundamentally, around what to look for. Because I'm sure back in your days, that idea of, like, guys getting around one another at the pub and talking about what is bothering them… Jean Kittson: Yeah, no… Zac Seidler: …what they're feeling, what matters to them, how they wanna show up in their families with their mates. It's a new conversation and we're trying to provide the language for lots of these guys to be able to have those chats. So, we build all of these different programs with community partners. You know, we are not doing this alone. We stand on the shoulders of giants, definitely. But it's just this, this humility, this Australian way kind of where we just find our way into, into grassroots organisations, in York, in the UK, we're in California, in the States, we're in Toronto. We just work out what's working there and we try and ramp it up with them, with the funds that we've raised. Jamie Durie: Yeah. So good. Jean Kittson: Mm-hmm. It is so good. Imagine that it's very regenerative too, because it sounds like there… that at any age you can sort of discover yourself. Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jean Kittson: And find your passion and find the cause that drives you. And this would, so when, when men would reach a certain age, some of them haven't had any relationships – you know, the sort of intimate relationship with their families that a mother might have and their kids. Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jean Kittson: So then they're suddenly in a grandparent role. Then they've, then they've, they've gotta relearn how to connect emotionally, I suppose. Zac Seidler: But you see that, you see, it's beautiful. And I think the, the grandparents, the grandfather's situation in this generation is really unique. Where you see a lot of kids get a bit angry because they're like, I never got this attention. But the way in which grandfathers are going, oh, I was a career man and I spent all day, every day, I missed out on bath time. I didn't get to go and, and watch, you know, him play soccer. I didn't get to do any of these things. And now they're trying to re-parent themselves in a way. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And take back those opportunities that was, you know, taken from them because they weren't purposeful, they weren't able to go, what is actually possible here, and that's also what Movember is trying to do, is open those doors and say, being a man does not mean living within these constraints that you have been sold. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Because they are harming you. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Zac Seidler: They're fundamentally harming you. There's a reason that men die four years younger than women in Australia. That's a big gap, and it largely comes down to preventable reasons. Jamie Durie: …Yeah.. Jean Kittson: …yeah… Zac Seidler: …yeah. Jamie Durie: I'm father to three children. My first child, I had in my early 20s, and I'm a much better father now in my 50s than I was when I was 20, right. And I find very, very early on in my career, I was looking into a great speaker by the name of Anthony Robbins. We've all, we all know who Anthony, but he, there was one little nugget of wisdom that he shared with some of some of his followers, and that was the ‘wheel of life’. And within that wheel of life, you would have community, spirituality, friendship, family, career all that stuff helps the wheel go around. And if one of those pieces of pie was not, kind of, out to its extremity, the wheel doesn't roll. And so I've mentally kind of always tried to keep that check in my life. But more so these days because, it's funny, the more time you put into your kids, the more worthwhile your life feels. It's incredible what they teach you. Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jamie Durie: And I just feel like now I'm, I'm going to battle for my family every day rather than just myself. So it's a much less selfish way of life. But also we've got an enormous responsibility to raise these kids in the very best way that we possibly can and to keep bettering ourselves as parents and humans on a day-to-day basis so that that stuff spills over to them and they become great custodians of the planet and great, great movers and shakers and whatever, whatever it is they want to do. Jean Kittson: Whatever, yes. Jamie Durie: You know, and you've gotta instill that stuff to them, I think. Zac Seidler: So many people ask me to define, like, healthy manhood or masculinity. Because we're talking, we, we so often talk about toxicity and what is broken and what is wrong, and men doing bad things, which takes place. But we don't really have an aspiration. We don't have a message around what is possible. And I think that idea of being in constant sync around this notion of growth that comes in multiple ways within your life, there are all of these quadrants, there are all of these parts of yourself that it doesn't, it's not a day-to-day thing, necessarily. You know, sometimes you're gonna be working really hard and you're not gonna be able to, to be there at dinner, but what do you do to recalibrate the next day? Jean Kittson: Yeah. Zac Seidler: How do you find ways to make sure that that thing is in sync? Jamie Durie: Yeah, Zac Seidler: …because that's what drives distress in guys, and that's what they're not necessarily aware of that when some of those quadrants are falling away. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: … They are feeling less like themselves. Jamie Durie: Yes. Zac Seidler: And it drives them potentially to do some things that are, that are not in their best interest. Like if you're feeling like you're not being the best dad, lots of men start drinking more. Lots of men start pulling themselves away more because their kids start to, you know, rebel. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: When instead what is actually required is a leaning in, and that is that vulnerability that is required rather than this guilt pulling back and saying. This is not for me. Jean Kittson: …Defensiveness… Zac Seidler: Exactly. And you see that in, in a lot of guys. You see it a lot, a lot of women as well, which is this: You're feeling challenged. You're feeling like you're not living the life that you thought you were supposed to, and so you keep repelling further in the opposite direction rather than saying, maybe I'm a bit off kilter here and I should, I should recalibrate and work out what, what matters and have the conversations. And I want guys… lots of guys do this with their wives. It ends up being so much emotional burden on the women because the guys don't have deep male friendships where they can go and have these chats with other guys without feeling like a failure. Have you got guys in your life where you feel like you can, really… Jamie Durie: Oh, totally… Zac Seidler: …get into it? Jamie Durie: Yeah. Yeah, yeah. My best mate and I, ironically, we danced together back in the Vegas days. So we've been mates since, you know, I was 20 and we talk probably three times a week. He's a dental technician. Zac Seidler: How far you've both come! Jamie Durie: Yeah. Yeah. He's there making the most extraordinary little pieces of technical equipment that, you know, dentures and things for people that gives them self-esteem and pride and function and health and stuff, which is quite amazing. He's such a talented dexterous man, but he's constantly sitting in his laboratory, in his studio, you know, tinkering away. So he'll just call me in the middle of him making that stuff and I can hear that he's in the studio and I might be in a very different studio with TV, cameras rolling or whatever. But we always find ways to communicate and lean on each other when we need it most. And, and we have over the years, it's been great. Yeah. Jean Kittson: So you can be very vulnerable with him. Jamie Durie: Oh God, yeah. Yeah, yeah. Oh, he's got skeletons in that, we will take to the vault! Zac Seidler: Right. And that's what it's built, it's built on time. And energy and… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …realising that you need to invest in this stuff. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And you see that, you know, you, you get 15-, 16-year-olds whose, whose friends are everything to them. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And then they go into university. Slowly but surely they get into the workforce, they move into parenthood and it just starts to drop away. And you often see the wife is the one who is leading the social calendar. Jean Kittson: Yes, always. Zac Seidler: They're the ones who are looking after everything. They're making all of the calls. And you know, they start to believe, these men, that they actually are not capable of this stuff when, you know, they're a CEO… they're doing really complex things during the day and suddenly they can't call their friends to like arrange a beer on a Saturday night? What is that? And so I think it is, it's a muscle that needs working out… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …over time. And it needs to be prioritised. Because consistently, you look at the Harvard Longitudinal Study, which is an incredible study, started in the 30s, still going. Jamie Durie: Mm-hmm. Zac Seidler: The guys who are still alive, they're in their 90s. They had quality friendships. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: It didn't matter if they smoked, how they exercised, what their jobs were, all that stuff… Jean Kittson: Really? Zac Seidler: …it washes away. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: We are human beings who require socialising. We require to be with one another, and that's why the loneliness crisis that happens for lots of older guys, older women as well, feeling so isolated, feeling like you don't have any purpose anymore. You know, Men's Sheds, it's a group that we work really closely with. Jean Kittson: Yeah, they're great. Zac Seidler: Incredible. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Yeah. And they have, they have women coming in now. You're tinkering, you're doing something. You've got mates there. Jamie Durie: Yeah. It's great. Zac Seidler: It gives you something. We need more of that. I feel like those third spaces, those, those sheds, those community halls, they're just like evaporating. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: It's a real problem. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Well, we used to see a lot more community gardens. I don't see them so much anymore. We often talk about work-life balance, but when you were talking about the wheel or… Zac Seidler: mm-hmm. Jean Kittson: …and with all these different segments, I mean, because that's what life is. It's more complicated. It's not just life over there and work there and you try and balance it out. You've gotta feed all these different elements of your life. Jamie Durie: Yes. Zac Seidler: Because work life balance makes it seem like life is 50% and work is 50%. Jean Kittson: Yeah, it does. Zac Seidler: When in fact it's actually work should be 20, and 20 and 20. You've got all of these little things. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Yes. It is about creating balance within your life and if you, you know, anyone can do a quick equation of the various facets in your life and go, Ooh, I need to put a little bit more family time in here. Or, when was the last time I called my mum or my dad? Or, you know, when was the last time I took my kids to the park and, and played with them and, and gave them a good time? And, and so you, you gotta constantly keep a check of yourself, but also you gotta look after your own mental health so that you can be a better father for them, right? I surf every Sunday with a group of guys that age between oh, 50, 52 through to 74. Zac Seidler: Wow. Jamie Durie: In fact. Probably one of the best surfers in our group. He's had a double hip replacement. Jean Kittson: Oh I love that… Jamie Durie: …And he's a better… he's a better surfer than I am, he's awesome. Jean Kittson: …That's so great. Jamie Durie: …Oh yeah, if you can hear me now, Tones, this is a big plug for you, bro. Jean Kittson:Yeah. Jamie Durie: But I went and bought a new longboard yesterday and I was–– I couldn't wait to get out there at 7.30am with the boys just to kind of share this new longboard with them. And we had a great old time. We caught plenty of waves and then we go to breakfast together and that's what my partner Ameka calls ‘church’ for us, right. So she's like, go and have some boy time. See you at lunch. Zac Seidler: Because it's ritualised. Jamie Durie: It is, yeah. And I've been doing it, you know, 12, 15 years now and I really crave it. Zac Seidler: Yeah, because you don't have to pick up the phone and go, are we doing it this week? It's on, it's on. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Right. Oh yeah. And, and, and there's probably 30 of us altogether. Usually only 10 or 12 or even sometimes six turn up, you know? Jean Kittson:That's wonderful. Jamie Durie: But every so often they all, you know, one or two of them pop in and some of them are doctors, some of them come from the oil industry, some come from the textiles. Others are property valuers and all sorts of people. It's amazing. How many extraordinary high achieving blokes still require this – we all need church, I think. Jean Kittson: That ritual, that going, being able to gather when you want to without making an appointment… Jamie Durie: That's right. Jean Kittson: …And being together. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: I think one thing about your work, Jamie, I would say is that when we were talking before about men retiring and then going home, and then the wife taking over. Your work has always been around creating spaces around people's homes. Your own homes. Your garden and everything. So that's your domain. But for many men, they would leave work and the home is not their domain. Jamie Durie: Mm. Jean Kittson: It's like they're an alien in that environment because that's been the woman's domain and she's taking care of it. But you are, you are lucky because that's so familiar to you. And you have so much input in it. Jamie Durie: Mm. Jean Kittson: In fact, you're probably, it's probably your domain more than anything. Jamie Durie: I have a little too much input! And, so much so that, you know, we have to remind each other because Ameka loves interior design and so I've had to kinda let go a little bit and let her, you know, play with the interiors and all that, and she's done a great job. And, you know we have found a good niche in each other's careers because of that. I think you gotta, you know, make everyone feel like they're part of the end equation, you know? Jean Kittson: Yeah, Jamie Durie: yeah. Jean Kittson: Well, well, growing up, my dad was a DIY so he had a big –– he, you know, he basically built our house. You know. Nothing ever worked, but, you know, we had seven doors opening onto the loungeroom, I think. But he was as much part of the domestic life… Jamie Durie: yeah. Jean Kittson: …as, as my mother was. Zac Seidler: I just don't, I don't buy it that these rules and regulations that have been passed down by someone that we're not really aware of around what women should do and what men should do. You know, Venus and Mars, it just doesn't benefit anybody. Jean Kittson: No… Zac Seidler: …and this is the thing. There are some people who are just gonna be better at certain things. And, you know, my wife is much better with a drill than I am. Jean Kittson: That's right! Zac Seidler: Give up. Yep. Like I've, I've worked it out… Jamie Durie: Good on ya’ mate! I'm not gonna, I'm not gonna attempt it in the way that she does. I'm lefthanded. I'm probably gonna cut off a finger. I'm gonna let her have her day. Jamie Durie: Yeah. With a drill. He's gonna cut off a finger! Yeah. I like that. Jean Kittson: Okay. Hello. Jamie Durie: He really doesn't use tools. Jean Kittson: Well picked up. Zac Seidler: You got it. You got it. Live and learn! Jamie Durie: I gotta ask, Zac, you know, we, mental health of course is a huge part of our, elongating our lives, right. And I have to ask, what role does stress have in that? And also what role does the foods that we eat play into the health of our minds and our bodies? Zac Seidler: Well, I think that we went through a period, you know, early on in the 20th century where we started to split the mind and the body, and that was not a smart move. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And we are very much ricocheting back away from that and realising that everything needs to be calibrated, and they all affect one another in a cause-and-effect kind of way. That's why everyone, any psychologist worth their salt will bang on first and foremost about sleep and diet… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …and exercise. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …really. And it's funny because they're like, oh no, I just wanna talk about my feelings. And I'm like, no, if you don't get this stuff in order, there is no point in getting into the deeper stuff because this is going to create the foundations of wellbeing for you. Jamie Durie: That's right. Zac Seidler: Fundamentally, the fuel that you are putting in – and fuel comes through sleep, through exercise, through diet, and nutrition. And I think that we are at a point because of cost of living stuff, especially… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: …where everyone is, is trying to make their way and, and survive as best they can. And because of time and work and families, food just kind of drops off. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And so it becomes easier to do, you know, quickfire meals that are probably much worse for you. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Whether it's sodium or sugar or whatever it is. And that has a fundamental effect on your sleep. It has a fundamental effect on your mood. And really the more stressed you are, the more calorie rich food you kind of end up wanting. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Whenever you've had a tough day, you're gonna go for the chocolate because you’re like trying to manage… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Yeah. Zac Seidler: …and so trying to get ahead of that stuff. By building in… You know, I'm a very ritualised person because if I… you know, Obama and Steve Jobs, all these people, they always talk about trying to get rid of the grey in your day, which is like, Steve Jobs wore the same thing every day because he wanted to think about something else… Jean Kittson: right? Zac Seidler: …I've eaten the same breakfast and lunch pretty much every day for 20 years because I have other things to deal with and it's the best way that I'm gonna go to the shops and I'm gonna ensure that I have a nutritious meal. Because I'm doing the same thing and everyone goes, don't you get bored? Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And I go, well, I'm still alive, so no, I'm alright. Jamie Durie: Steve, I heard a Steve Jobs statement the other day and you don't often hear him, speak in this way, but he said, make food your medicine or medicine will be your food. Jean Kittson: Oh… Jamie Durie: …isn't that an awesome statement? Jean Kittson: …Clever. Jamie Durie: Yeah. And I've not heard that before. And then I started looking into some of his interviews in more detail. Do you know that none of his kids had devices? Zac Seidler: None. None. No one who owns a tech company, their kids never touch devices. Full stop. Jamie Durie: That's, that says it right there, right? Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jamie Durie: I mean, I wrote a book years ago, and it was called Outdoor Kids and it was about getting kids off TV games and devices and back out into the garden again, where I grew up. Zac Seidler: Mm-hmm. Jamie Durie: And I find that when I'm, I'm suffering stress or anxiety. I put my hands into the earth and I start weeding or planting or whatever, and suddenly within an hour or two, I'm back. I'm, I feel earthed, I feel… . Jean Kittson: …Grounded? Jamie Durie: I feel grounded and I've let go of all that stress into the earth. And there's a theory now about forest bathing. Zac Seidler: Mm-hmm. Jamie Durie: Which I'm sure you've heard about where, you know, you can go on a trip to Japan and walk through the forest for a minimum of four hours per day for two weeks, and it improves your immune system and helps fight tumors and infections and things and adds so much to your mental health that, and I think we're now just discovering the benefits that nature has, that plays within our health. Zac Seidler: Well, we're trying to create science around something that is obvious. Which is, which is the thing, we've created all of this infrastructure that is actually ruining our lives, and now we're trying to peel it back and go back to basics, which is, you know, the, back in my day, we used to play on the street and would hang around with different generations of kids and do all that stuff. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And now you know, the fog is really what you're… it descends from the phones. That's the iPads and the television. It's this notion of… Jamie Durie: yeah. Zac Seidler: …detachment from who you are and who you want to be. And we see this with young kids, the longer they spend on social media, the more they are unable to actually access their own wants and needs. Because… Jamie Durie: …they're the less functional they are when they get out into the real workplace as well. Zac Seidler: Fundamentally. It takes, so it takes so much time to relearn these things. Jamie Durie: There was a professor that wrote a book called ‘The last child in the woods’. You know, I developed this theory called the outdoor room, where you would convert your kitchen into an outdoor space, your living room, into an outdoor space, your bathroom, your bedroom, so that everything was connected to nature and you would spend more time out outdoors, being reconnected with nature through your everyday functions. Jean Kittson: Beautiful. Jamie Durie: And I used to talk about this, like, let's take the roof off our house, and then instill plants into our everyday lives. Think of your backyard like that. And that was what I used to model the outdoor room theory on. Now I want to take this to another level where we talk about, you know, health and wellbeing and fitness and how do we take exercise into the outdoors? How do we, how do we then start to, you know, control the food that goes into our children's mouths and our family's mouths, reduce pesticides and herbicides, get rid of glyphosates. What role does that play into keeping our bodies healthy enough, to be able to withstand stressful times and so forth, you know? Zac Seidler: Mm-hmm. Jamie Durie: … there been any studies within your funding groups…? Zac Seidler: …yeah… Jamie Durie: …in the past where, you've seen a direct correlation between stress and the increase of disease and poor health? Zac Seidler: Oh, yeah. It's the strongest causation you can possibly find, right. It drives cancer, it drives heart disease, it drives stroke. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: You know, fundamentally the more stressful your life is, the more cortisol you've got running through your veins. The lower your life expectancy is. Jamie Durie: Yeah. And, and I used to live off stress, like… Jean Kittson: …the adrenaline. Yeah. Jamie Durie: ... that adrenaline rush… I loved it. I loved, you know, and the, and oh, we may not get this garden done on time or, you know, or I may not get this project finished in time. Like, and so, the older I get, the more I realised, wow, this is not the goal. The goal is to minimise stress down to zero. And that's the only way we're gonna maintain strong health. Zac Seidler: And how we respond to stress…. Jamie Durie: Yes. Zac Seidler: …Like the more stress you have, the worse you are at responding to it. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And that's why you see lots of guys who are just like exploding because they just don't how to regulate that stuff because they don't have the energy. They don't have the coping mechanisms, they don't have the people to call on. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: But the more you realise what it is… There's so many guys I talk to and I, I go, do you get stressed about things? And they're like, no, I, I've never felt anxiety before. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And they're sitting there and their leg is shaking. Jean Kittson: Yeah, yeah. Zac Seidler: I'm like, they're… Jean Kittson: …can’t articulate it… Zac Seidler: They’re so detached from their own reality. Jean Kittson: …can’t articulate it… Oh, they're, detached… Zac Seidler: …exactly…Yeah. And so being able to get to the point where we realise and we're not afraid of stress because there is a certain amount of it that actually leads to better performance. You know, this effect of going into an exam, if you don't have a bit of butterflies… you know they're useful sometimes. Jean Kittson: Of course it focuses you… Zac Seidler: before a performance, it's good. But then it's called the ‘yerkes-dodson curve’, which is, it goes up, and your performance goes up, you’ve got a bit of nerves, it's pretty good for you. You hit this precipice, and the second you go past that. You suddenly can't see. You're in an exam. You can't think straight. You're in front of camera and you lose your words. Jamie Durie: Mm-hmm. Zac Seidler: That's when stress is tipped over and that's when… A little bit is good at getting you out of bed, getting you going. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Because you're excited. You know, excitement and anxiety can go hand in hand. But there's just a little bit that is good, and then too much that really has long-term effects on you. Jamie Durie: Mm-hmm. Zac Seidler: Yeah. Jamie Durie: Mm-hmm. Jean Kittson: What do you say to men who, maybe you have lived on adrenaline and have had all this pressure and all this stress, and then suddenly it stops, and then that withdrawal from the adrenaline. How do you manage that suddenly, do people find another stress to fill it, fill up that adrenaline? What do they do when they're suddenly taken away? Is it like a void or a vacuum? Or…? Zac Seidler: It can be, it can be very difficult. You know, no doubt, Jamie, when you moved past that and you had a moment of pause and were like looking back at those years and realising how overwhelmed you probably were, and constantly going and churning your… everything kind of just becomes this, this muscle that is moving towards survival. And when you realise that you're actually not enjoying anything, that you're not in the moment at all, lots of those guys – and that often happens much later on in life because they keep going until they run out of steam. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And then there's this vacuum, there's this, this hole underneath them, and they don't have the skills to be able to pick up new things and fill that. Jamie Durie: Yep. Zac Seidler: You know, in some ways… So we want to get to the point where guys are realising, are connecting with that feeling within themselves that maybe the past 2, 3, 4 weeks have been really full on… Jamie Durie: Mm-hmm. Zac Seidler: …And having the language to be able to say to someone, I need to pause here. I need to realise, I need to recalibrate. I need to work out what's happening. Jamie Durie: Yeah, yeah. Yeah. I wish someone had told me at 21 that stress was so destructive. Because I think that's something, you know, I've learned over, over time and I've watched some of my friends go into poor health, through, you know, their lack of dealing with stress. Zac Seidler: Yeah…. Jamie Durie: But Zac Seidler: We need the skills. We need the skills. At school, you should be teaching stress reduction, you know? Jamie Durie: Yeah, Jean Kittson: exactly. I have a friend who does mindfulness, part of her lessons, so she senses – she's a drama teacher of course – and you know my age, so we have the experience and we can look back and go, this stress we put on our children is just way too much. So she senses a class is really stressed. She won't do a normal lesson, she'll just relax them. Zac Seidler: Nice. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: Which is a really, you know, but that she's rare, but this is what we should be doing and… Jamie Durie: …yeah… Jean Kittson: …And I think we've got, we are at our age, we've got this… Not our age, I'm older than you, Jamie! But you know, as you get older, we've got the skills. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: We've got the experience to be able to say how, what's important in life. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: And you talking about in… in my day, we'd hug trees and it was sort of like a bit of a joke, but it was. A really beautiful thing to do. Jamie Durie: Yes. Jean Kittson: I do it outside the studio before I come in. There's some really old paper barks, you know, there, they, they must be a hundred years old. Did you notice them coming in? Jamie Durie: I know they're, they're all through this area. Yeah. Jean Kittson: They're incredible. And they're growing out of asphalt and I always give them a bit of a hug, and go, Good on you… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Jean Kittson: …I don't know how you've survived! And it just, that moment of connection with nature and you just have to value that and recognise it and thank nature for what it does, because as you say, all this technology, if you are going straight from an office back home to the telly or something… Jamie Durie: …It's incredible how well they survive, by the way, these paperbacks in these streets. Jean Kittson: …Aren’t they amazing. Jamie Durie: You're right, the pathways go right up to them, and you would think that the soils would become anaerobic, but Melaleuca quinquenervia – our paper bark tree is – is probably one of the most stoic trees in our system and our indigenous use the bark to wrap their fish and their food up and they would cook their food wrapped in the paper bark. Right? And it's got so many brilliant uses, but they've also got nitrogen fixing nodules and a whole range of survival techniques that other non-native trees don't have. So, you know, one of my pet hates is why did we, why are we planting London Plane trees, platanus hybrida, are all through our streets, which, which are, you know… Zac Seidler: …Causes us asthma… Jamie Durie: So, yeah. Causes asthma, gives us all hay fever – I get hay fever from them – when we could be planting these native trees that require zero care and they still thrive their heads off, you know. Zac Seidler: Finally, the paperback chat we all needed. Jean Kittson: Yeah. That's what we needed. Jamie Durie: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Jean Kittson: If only we, you know, treated ourselves like a paper bark, if we had nitrogen nodules, you know? Jamie Durie: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Jean Kittson: I mean, if we understood ourselves, when you talk about trees and plants like this and your knowledge of them and how they, how they exist and how they, you know, how they grow. We need that knowledge about ourselves. From a very early age. Jamie Durie: That's right. Jean Kittson: So we can recognise what we need to do… Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: So that we can enjoy. And this is the thing, it's, you are not going to gain that knowledge from a standing start in your 60s. Jamie Durie: No, that's right. Zac Seidler: You need to, it needs to be a lifelong lesson of what matters to me. How am I moving through the world? How do I grow? How am I going to understand how I tick? And those things cannot come when you retire. Jamie Durie: That's right. That's right. Zac Seidler: They need, they need to come much earlier on and they need to be instilled so that we're not just churning our way, you know, to the end. Jamie Durie: You're right, it's that evolution. It's those, it's the teaching, it's the experience. It's falling down, picking yourself up again. It's making all those mistakes and then coming full circle into where we are today and, and then passing down some of those learnings, to as many people as you can. That's what it's all about. Jean Kittson: Yeah, definitely. That's our responsibility, isn't it, as we get older, is to share what we've learned. Jamie Durie: Yep. Jean Kittson: And hope that our children or grandchildren don't make the same mistakes. Jamie Durie: Yeah, yeah. Yeah. Jean Kittson: So, Jamie, what would you say to someone who was maybe hitting their 50s and feeling like they're winding down or they're stuck or something, or, I mean, you just took that huge leap in your 20s to do horticulture… Jamie Durie: Yes. Jean Kittson: … While you were doing something completely different, the dancing. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Yeah. Jean Kittson: So what, what would you say to, have you got any friends who you feel are stuck or… Jamie Durie: I, yeah, I have and I say the same thing to all of them. Find something that you are passionate about. Dive into it. Learn, feed your brain. You know, make yourself get engaged in it because it will provide you with the fuel that you need to push you well into your retirement and way past that. And I don't like to use the word retirement because I'm never gonna retire. I've decided I'm just gonna keep working because I love my work. But find what it is you're passionate about and learn more and feed your brain. And it's funny, if it's benefiting other people, you will also find another way to keep energy within yourself. So don't just feed yourself. Find something that feeds other people in other communities and there's a sense of worthiness around what it is that you are doing that makes you feel good about your day and what you've learned and how you've passed it on. Jean Kittson: Just to wrap up, what would your tip be to people over 50 who feel perhaps a bit, a bit stuck? What's one habit, do you think, they could in… because we're talking about you have to do it regularly and, and institute it as a part of your everyday routines. What, is there one habit? Zac Seidler: It is funny that I very much, hopefully, look like I’m not in my 50s, but I spend a lot of time with men in their 50s and and 60s and do clinical work with them and research with them because they are hungry, and they're looking for ways to improve the rest of their lives and seek understanding about themselves. And I kind of say the same thing, which I've been talking to Jamie about, which is pick up the phone and call someone. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Yeah. There you go. Zac Seidler: Reach out. Lean out. And it doesn't need to be a mental health conversation. It doesn't need to be something that's weird and awkward. It's just like, let's go for coffee, let's go for a walk. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: Let's do this thing called life together. And when you're finding that passion, that comes through other people… I went to a dinner party when I was 18 and someone started to talk to me about masculinity. And I was like, what? What are we talking about here? And then they connected me with someone else and slowly but surely doors opened. And your life opens, and there is no end point to learning. There is no end point to interest, to passion to drive. So, yeah, I think that realising, firstly, that you are stuck does not mean failure. Understanding that you're at an inflection point and there is now heaps of opportunity and potential for doing something different. Jamie Durie: Yeah. Zac Seidler: And that is a beautiful thing that we have, which is that there is always this splay of choices in front of us. And so start choosing. Jean Kittson: Just be curious. Start choosing. Jamie Durie: Yep. Jean Kittson: Can't go wrong. You can't make a mistake. Thank you both so much. That was such a great conversation. Thank you, Jamie Durie. Jamie Durie: My pleasure. Yeah, my pleasure. Jean Kittson: Thank you, Dr Zac Seidler. Thank you very much. Zac Seidler: Thanks for having me. Jean Kittson: That was really great. Thanks for being so open. Jamie Durie: Great fun. Jean Kittson: Thank you to Jamie Durie and Dr Zac Seidler. You've been listening to DARE: The time of your life, brought to you by Australian seniors. Please leave a review and share this show with someone you know or plenty of people you know, even better. Visit seniors.com au/podcast for more episodes. I'm Jean Kittson. Thanks for listening, and remember, it's your time, so dare to make it count. Go for it.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

SERIES 7: Better With Age. It takes courage to reinvent yourself professionally, yet it becomes a necessity for many people over 50. Bestselling author Kathy Lette and publishing exec Jane Curry share their hilarious experiences of pushing through career blocks and tiresome ageing stereotypes. Brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. Join Jean Kittson for the seventh season of DARE: The Time of Your Life (formerly Life’s Booming), called Better With Age. Australians are actually living longer, healthier lives, and reshaping what older looks like. So in this series, we are chatting with over 50s who are rewriting the ageing rule book, from career pivots to second acts. This episode celebrates the Reinvention Generation, and explores how we can continue to push through career blocks and debunk tiresome stereotypes as we age. Is it because that's just how we're wired? Or is it to prove that our best work is still ahead? Kathy Lette is an internationally bestselling author of more than 20 books, which have been translated into 20 languages. Her latest bestselling book, The Sisterhood Rules, takes readers on a rollercoaster ride that proves that from pain comes healing, from honesty comes forgiveness, and that nothing is more important than your sisters. Jane Curry is a highly experienced publishing executive, and managing director of Simon and Schuster, Australia and New Zealand. Jane is also the founder of Ventura Press, which she established to champion older female (and male) authors. Watch DARE: The Time of Your Life on YouTube Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Apple Podcasts Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency -- TRANSCRIPT Jean Kittson: Welcome to a new season of DARE: The Time of Your Life, formerly Life’s Booming, brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. Hello I'm Jean Kittson, and this season is called Better With Age. We're flipping the script and showing how ageing is NOT a dirty word, rather it’s your time to live your life to its fullest. Australians are actually living longer, healthier lives, and reshaping what older looks like. So in this series, we are chatting with over 50s who are rewriting the ageing rule book, from career pivots to second acts. This episode celebrates the Reinvention Generation, and explores how we can continue to push through career blocks and debunk tiresome stereotypes as we age. Is it because that's just how we're wired? Or is it to prove that our best work is still ahead? To help us answer such questions is Jane Curry, a highly experienced publishing executive and newly-appointed managing director of Simon and Schuster, Australia and New Zealand. Jane is also the founder of Ventura Press, a company she started as a way of championing older female authors, many of whom only turned to writing later in life. And joining Jane is the fabulous author and beloved friend Kathy Lette. Her career has pushed boundaries from the get go, when she left school at 16 to write her debut novel, Puberty Blues. It had parents wringing their hands while teens lapped it up. And it was later turned into a movie and a TV series. She's gone on to pen more than 20 bestselling books, including her latest, the Sisterhood Rules, which has topped bestseller lists worldwide, and it's funny, fabulous and always empowering. Jane, Kathy, it's wonderful to have you both in the studio to speak about yourselves and your work. Kathy Lette: …and about you and your amazing work and your incredible life. Jean Kittson: Oh, do go on! Kathy Lette: My comic goddess right here before us, Jean. Jean's broken so many boundaries with her comedy. Jean Kittson: Oh Kathy, you’re amazing, and she's a long, long time beloved friend. And as you, in your words, you are my human wonder bra… Kathy Lette: …uplifting and supportive. I'd also say we are each other's big pair of knickers. We've got our asses covered. Jean Kittson: Mm-hmm. That's right. I can always, I mean, Kathy's the best friend you could possibly have. And don’t we all need… Kathy Lette: …Ditto. Jane Curry: …Don’t we all need female friendships, they keep us all going. Jean Kittson: You, Kathy. Kathy Lette: Yes. Jean Kittson: On a more serious note about, you have covered, you have written about all aspects of life from puberty to marriage, childbirth, menopause. Often based on your own experiences, you've inspired and entertained and soothed millions of readers, including your latest book, the Sisterhood Rules, which I absolutely love and should be a manual for any woman breaking up or any older woman wanting a bit of spice in her life, really. Kathy Lette: Haha, great, ha ha. Jean Kittson: But, um, when your previous publishers said to you. That nobody wants to read about middle-aged women. And they dropped you after 19 books in 17 languages. Kathy Lette: Yes. Jean Kittson: Bestsellers. Kathy Lette: Mm-hmm. Jean Kittson: And you went on to write the Revenge Club, another bestseller. I mean, how did you do that? Kathy Lette: I went to see my agent and said, I wanna write a book about four middle-aged women who take revenge on the men who've sidelined them and ruined their careers. And he was like, yeah, I dunno. Yeah, middle-aged women just aren't that sexy. And then I went to see my publisher at the time and my publisher was like, Hmm, middle-aged women. We know they exist, but nobody wants to go there. Jane Curry: Oh my goodness. Kathy Lette: And I looked at books written about women my age, like Anita Brooklyn novels, for example. And there was about sad, depressed, lonely women who wilt away and die in their flats and get eaten by their cats. Now I don't know any women like that. All my women friends are like Jean. They're swinging off a chandelier with a cocktail between their teeth. But when they, when they first said that to me, then my publisher dropped me. I thought, gosh, maybe I have passed my amuse-by date. And just for a moment, I did, I did have a real crisis of confidence. But then of course I'm an Aussie girl and we, Aussie girls are made of stern stuff Jane Curry: Dig deep. Kathy Lette: So I thought, nah, he's wrong. They're both wrong. So I got a new, I got a gay agent and I got a new publisher, Bloomsbury, and the book went to number-one on the bestseller list, which was the best revenge. It's called the Revenge Club – success! So yeah, it was so exciting. And also, I love writing about women this age because our hinterland is huge. You know, we've had the marriages, the divorces, the breakups, the promotions, the back stabs. We've raised the kids. We've looked after our aged parents as Jean did so, so devotedly. We've got so much to talk about and so much to share, and so much wisdom. Just at the time, society hands us the old invisibility cloak and puts us out to career pasture. It's not just me imagining that we, women my age, are given the cloak of invisibility. A few years ago, MI5 said they wanted to hire middle-aged women as spies because nobody sees us. Jean Kittson: Oh. Kathy Lette: Soak that up. And I remember the governor of the board of the Bank of England. He said, not long ago, that the economy was going through a menopausal phase. Sluggish. Jean Kittson: Oh. Kathy Lette: And I was like, tell that to Oprah Winfrey and Nicole Kidman, and Cate Blanchett… Jane Curry: Michelle Obama… Kathy Lette: …all the other people. Michelle Obama, all these other menopausal and postmenopausal women. So the sexism is sewn into our psyche. We really have to fight hard against that. And thanks to Jean and others of our generation. We've taken the stigma out of menopause. But the next big feminist hurdle for us is sexist ageism, because we get treated in a different way to men our age and, and we really have to rail against it. Because we're now prime, we're in the peak of our productivity. Jane Curry: But also we've all had to witness when the BAFTAs was on, every time we see these women who are completely transformed because they're not allowed to age in public. Kathy Lette: Mm. Jane Curry: So that's the standard. Yes. I mean, we are fortunate in where we're in the book business, so it's brain first in our business and always has been. Kathy Lette: Better to be witty than pretty. Jane Curry: Yeah, yeah – witty than pretty. And I remember a friend of mine who is actually a cosmetic surgeon, he said to me that it, you know, it's the women who are, have always been beautiful, that have had that sense of power when they walk into a room and they turn heads because of their beauty, they're the ones that find it harder to age. Kathy Lette: Well, it's a diminishing asset. Jane Curry: Yes. So whereas, you know, when you're in the book business as I've been, and Kathy, the entertainment book, um, you know, women of letters, we do have that our brain is our superpower. Kathy Lette: Yeah, yeah. Jane Curry: And then what we look like comes after that. Yes. Jean Kittson: It's hard to fight it though, isn't it? Kathy Lette: It is hard to fight it, Jean Kittson: …especially when you are performing and… Jane Curry: Oh yes. Well, in this new job I've just got, I got tapped on the shoulder to run Simon Schuster. So the first thing I found was all the, the settings on Zoom and teams. Because I’m reporting to the UK and I'm having meetings in the US all the time and sometimes I first thing in the morning, like 7.30 in the morning. So I'm like, where's the filter. Jean Kittson: Where’s the sparkle wand! Jane Curry: You know, we used to laugh when I worked at Macmillan. You know, we used, you know, there's fabulous filters that Jackie Collins had on all their photographs. Kathy Lette: Oh my gosh, yes. In fact, I've had lunch with Jackie Collins a few times with Joan Collins. Joan and Jackie, I mean, the double whammy. Jean Kittson: Yes. Jane Curry: Talk about sisterhood. Kathy Lette: Sensational broads. But, um, Joan Collins will move everybody around the table till she's got the right lighting. And isn't she clever? You know that when you do, when you're filming, they have that big silver thing that reflects the [light], why can't we have a dress made out of that? Jean Kittson: Well, why can't we! Kathy Lette: Or shoes? Jean Kittson: Because we don't care, Kathy. We don't care. Kathy Lette: We don't care. Jane Curry: Often we’re rushing from one thing to the next. Kathy Lette: Don't care. We don't care. But Jean, see, Jean and I don't do, don’t do any of that Botoxing stuff. Jane Curry: No. Nor do I. Kathy Lette: I think men should just read between my lines, the books, the babies, the hours of fun-loving flirtation. But it does get hard to resist it whenever all the other women… Jane Curry: …I think that's the thing when… Kathy Lette: …look much younger Jane Curry: that, right, what they call in the, you know, in data they call it benchmarking. So like any set of data figures in my world, you know, you benchmark against what was the bestseller. And so it's sort of benchmarking when you're talking about sales and all of that. But it's benchmarking with what we look like. So you sort of benchmark against, we, I think we're very critical of ourselves, because you look at another woman who's the same age and they've had the facelift and they've had everything done. And then look, I momentarily worry about it. And then honestly, you, I look at my to-do list and I think, no. Jean Kittson: Yeah, and I've got two daughters, so I don't want to be that role model. I've always said it's not what you look like, it's what you feel like, you know? Kathy Lette: Yes. Keep the lights low. Greatest beauty aid known to woman for all time. You know, what's happened in Hollywood, the pediatric, um, technicians there. The doctors noticed that the babies were not hitting their developmental milestones. And they were saying, is it because they're, they're having too much, um, carcinogens in their smoked salmon? I'm thinking, no, it's Botox. Because babies look at your face, like when you go, I love your little baby. The baby goes and you go, ah… If you've had Botox and you're going, ‘I love you’, and the baby's going, ‘uh’, you’re going, ‘uh’. They're not learning anything. Jean Kittson: Absolutely. Jean Kittson: You should write a research paper on that. They should do it. Kathy Lette: This is hysterical, isn't it? I know. Jean Kittson: I was told not to go, I mean. Not to go grey because I wouldn't, in the gig economy, I wouldn't get work. Apparently the research shows that if you, that men don't like actually working with women with grey hair. Kathy Lette: …Because it reminds them of their mothers, is it? Jean Kittson: …Maybe they feel that they… Kathy Lette: …it's ageing them… Jean Kittson: Have to defer or - No, not defer… Kathy Lette: …but they can have grey hair. Jean Kittson: They can have grey hair. So there are some interesting facts their. Kathy Lette: I was gonna say, part of the problem is that we never see women who look like us. 85% of people on British and Australian television over 50 are men. So the women just get immediately sidelined and put out to career pasture when they get one grey hair and one wrinkle. We should be saying, we wanna see ourselves reflected. Don't, don't disappear us. Jean Kittson: You know, Jane, you would see, um, this in the industry. You've seen this before. What happened to Kathy? Have you? Jane Curry: Oh, yes, because a lot of decisions are made on data. You know, they'll say, oh, and particularly I think people got very frightened when social media arrived. They got very frightened that they had to chase people with massive Instagram following. Oh, yes. And then there was this sort of Sally Rooney phenomena where everybody wanted a ‘Normal People’. And that was that emerging, you know, Kathy Lette: Irish writers… Jane Curry: …Irish and, and all that sort of coming of age story that, and we are, we are just, we move as a pack, the publishing industry. So once there's one Normal People, you can guarantee the next year there'll be 10 Normal People. And that's a book for people that haven't read it, that was published by Sally Rooney. It was a debut novel and you know, it was one of the zeitgeist novels. Kathy Lette: She became a publishing phenomenon. Jean Kittson: In terms of ageism in comedy, it's just a general feeling that I think women, first of all, women in comedy has been really hard from the start and you really have to push and it's a much more sort of natural environment for men because they're confident and some, some comedians can go on and and not even have thought about what they're going to say, they're just so confident. Kathy Lette: Yeah. Jean Kittson: When I was starting out in comedy, I would be starting out with other, the few women that were around in the 80s and we'd be in pubs and we'd go on stage and everyone would be drinking and eating their pizza, and no one would listen and the women would come off and going, oh my God, I'm just not funny. I haven't got good material. I stink. I can't do this. The men would go out there and they would get exactly the same reaction. People are just drinking and they'd come back and they'd go, that audience wouldn't know a joke if it was up them. They're just so freaking hopeless, and they'd just blame the audience and women would blame themselves, and I don't know where that comes from, but I think it can become more pronounced as you get older and there's slowly, more and more diminishing things that happen to you Like walking into a butcher and the butcher saying, hello, young lady, and you think I'm too, I'm too young to be called a young lady. You know, I not old enough. That's something that they would say to your grandmother, Hello, young lady, and expect you to like that. Expect it to be a compli–– Jane Curry: …A pat on the head. Jean Kittson: …Yeah, a pat. It's so patronising. Kathy Lette: Yeah. There's also this, it's an inbuilt prejudice against women that were not funny, and I, I was at a dinner party in London once and, and the hostess made a really good joke and the husband and men didn't pay any attention. The husband just went, oh, you know, embarrassing women can't tell jokes. And I was like, that's because we marry them. It made everybody laugh at him and that did take away his power. So just lean into that, that verbal ability that women have, you know, we’re more verbally dexterous. So use it like, develop what I call the black belt and tongue-fu! Quiplash, you know! Jean Kittson: Yeah, that's fantastic. Don't censor. Good comeback. Kathy Lette: Yes. Yeah. Good comeback. Jean Kittson: I know, I think we are getting stronger and we shouldn't, we shouldn't, um, suppress our strength as we probably have to keep peace, you know, with the family. That's right. With our work to balance everything. Yeah. You suppress a lot of who you are. Jane Curry: My eldest always says to me. Mum, you're overthinking. And that's the best mental health advice or whatever we do. We do overthink, Kathy Lette: But I think women should just or never go… You're underdressed if you go out at night without a couple of good one-liners tucked up your trouser leg. Jane Curry: That's really good advice. Kathy Lette: Because if, if you whack it back… Jane Curry: yes, Kathy Lette: …and make other people laugh at them, you completely take away their power. Jean Kittson: Well, you've got so many good one-liners, so you're like a one-liner factory. Jane Curry: I've got, I've gotta lift my game. Jean Kittson: Ah, yeah, exactly. So do I. So when your publishers said that ridiculous thing that nobody wants to read about middle aged women… Kathy Lette: …mm-hmm… Jean Kittson: Did you ever doubt yourself and think that I might have to reinvent myself in any way? Kathy Lette: I did. I, just for a moment, I lost confidence and I thought maybe I have passed my amuse-by-date. But then I looked around at my own female friends and I thought, they're so wonderful. They're all, you know, swinging off a chandelier with a toyboy between their teeth. I wanna write about these women. But I think as a writer, I'm always reinventing because I cannibalise my own life. My mother's a teacher and I think I've got a bit of her teacher gene that I always write the book I wish I'd had when I was going through something. So from, to the girls in Puberty Blues, you know, to teach them that they were more than a life support system to, to a pair of breasts, you know, to girls dating and, and then to motherhood and, and marriage and divorce and menopause, and raising an autistic child, raising a teenager, you know, now this post-menopausal second act. So I'm always reinventing because I'm, I'm changing. You know, women are used to change. We've got so much change going on in our lives. So, yeah, I think it comes naturally to women. So if you are reinventing yourself post menopause, you know, it's just, it's almost like situation normal. We're always constantly changing. And even divorce, I don't see divorce as a failure. I just see it as a change. Jean Kittson: Yes. Kathy Lette: You know, life is long from honeymoon to tomb to be like 80 years so, just if you need to reinvent, you know it's okay, and it comes more naturally to women. So don't be afraid of change. Change is good. But I would say women this age, this is a coming of age time. Jane Curry: Yes. Kathy Lette: Because we're the first generation who are economically independent. We've got the, the rock of fuel of HRT, we've got the chutzpah and the the courage to say what we are thinking. We are reinventing ourselves, having a sensational second act. Because I always say this time of your life, for women, is the best because post menopause, you know, you've, you've got no, you don't have to worry about period cramps or pregnancy scares. You've got all that tampon money to spend, you know… Jean Kittson: …and kids are grown up. You've got all that crystallised experience, as they call it. Kathy Lette: Yeah. I wanna know what you think of this, Jane. Because I accidentally invented – I hate the term – chick lit… Jane Curry: …I know what you're going to say… Kathy Lette: …I accidentally invented it in the 70s with Puberty Blues.. Jane Curry: Yes. Yes. Chook-lit. Kathy Lette: And then, then when I wrote Mad Cows and Fetal Attraction, I sort of invented Mummy-Lit. Jane Curry: Mm-hmm. Kathy Lette: And then when I wrote Nip and Tuck, that was nip-lit. And I'm like, I need a new genre for women our age. And I, and I thought, well, post 50, you get that fabulous, ‘Oh, feck it I'm 50’ gene, where you no longer care what people think about you. So I was thinking. What about, I-don't-give-a-s***-lit? Mm-hmm. Jane Curry: That's brilliant. Jean Kittson: Oh, good. You got the tick from a publisher! Kathy Lette: Wouldn't that be a good. And imagine we’re at Booker Prize and they go, ‘And now in the genre of I-don't-give-a -s***-lit. Yeah. Jane Curry: You know, in Hollywood, all the entertainment [industry] is catching. If you think of the Thursday murder club, that was Richard Osmond, of course, he's an older man, so he can get away with it. But you know, the adaptation with Helen Mirren and you know, those amazing actors. So Kathy Lette: Yes Jane Curry: So there is starting to be balanced… Kathy Lette: But that's even older. That's, that's when they're in the retirement home. I'm talking about this moment. Yeah, just postmenopausal, where we're the publishers are saying it's not sexy, it's not attractive. It's right when you're older, for some reason there's a jump to the Judi Dench. Jane Curry: It’s called the silver dollar then. Kathy Lette: Yeah. Jean Kittson: Oh yes. The silver dollar. Kathy Lette: Well, what about the postmenopausal dollar? Yes. You know who thinks reading books? It's women our age. Jane Curry: Well, actually, I always say to any publisher, go to a writer's festival. It's all women, of a certain age. Our age Jean Kittson: Over 50. Jane Curry: Over 50. Yeah, filling the audience. Jean Kittson: Yes, Kathy Lette: I'm on book tour right now for the sisterhood rules and I'm going around the country. It's been to Perth. I've been doing them in Sydney and Melbourne, and I'm about to go up, up to Queensland and I meet, I get to meet the readers, which is so fabulous. It's my favorite thing. Wonderful. And they're, they're women of a certain age. They bring me up little, little kind of anecdotal, doggy bags, a little story they've saved up for me about who their husband had an affair with or how they got revenge or whatever it is. And they're so funny and they sometimes they cry as well. Yeah. They'll have a cry and they'll tell me something very personal that's happened to them. And we have a hug and they're all so interesting. I wanna go out on a girl's night out with all of them all the time. Jane Curry: Yes, we be… Kathy Lette: …and yet they're written off. Jane Curry: Yeah, I was thinking a lot about it getting ready this morning and yeah, as, as you get older, you look back at how society's structured and it is so sort of primally structured around power and money and… Kathy Lette: …which has predominantly been male… Jane Curry: …which is predominantly male. So I've, so then I thought, so you've got, as a woman, you've got two ways of doing that. You can either become, marry into that and become the trophy wife and be terrified that they're going to leave you. So there's that way of attaching yourself to money or there's the other way of doing it, which is the way I did it, was to make it yourself. Kathy Lette: Yes, exactly. So always a better option. Jane Curry: So that was my option. So that's why I've sort of admired those other women from afar because I've never been part of their world. Even at university, I was never part of that world. I, we as, women, have to decide very early on, I think it's innate, I don’t know whether you make an actual decision, how you're gonna fit around that, those two binaries, power and money. But as women. It's not naturally given to us. So we have to decide. Even in the corporate world, that means we've got to constantly keep up with that. Kathy Lette: …Appearances. Jane Curry: …Appearances or… Kathy Lette: …Trophy mustn't be tarnished. Jean Kittson: Well, that's right. That's right. It's a big role to fill for the whole of your life. Trying to live up to that. Yeah. Sorry. There was a billboard saying, um, many years ago, which was a brilliant billboard saying, which I had a picture of a young woman, don't marry a millionaire. Become a millionaire. Kathy Lette: But when I, when I give talks in schools to girls, which I do often, I always say to them, choose your partner carefully. Because if you wanna be an alpha, alpha female in having a big career, if you choose an alpha man, guess who's gonna be the one who has to pull back when the child's sick or whatever. But if you choose a beta male, someone who'll adore you, not bore you and do all your chores for you, who wants to put you on a pedestal and will probably polish it while you're up there. You know, you've gotta have a much bigger and better and more satisfying career. So just, I've, I've been married to two Alphas whom I adore, but I've, I've now gotta beta boyfriend and beta’s, beta’s better. You know, like my fa— The women who are very successful in British television, for example, Sandy Toksvig, Sue Perkins, Claire Balding, are all gay. What do they have wives? Yeah, wives, and I've kind of got a male wife now and it, and it's fabulous. I highly recommend it. Jean Kittson: That's a really good, Jane Curry: That's funny because Kathy's just in from Perth. I'm just in from Brisbane. My overnight bike from Brisbane is just on the floor of my bedroom, just and so yeah, that's, we don't have wives. Kathy Lette: No, that's what need Jane Curry: We need, we need the backup. Jean Kittson: Yes. So what would you say to people or at who are already over 50 and who are confronting this ageism? I mean, how do, how do they manage it? What should, because the confidence… I'll tell you a quick story. A friend of mine's a teacher and she retired. She was a brilliant teacher, still is. She was doing some casual work and she, uh, went to the person organising the casual work at the, at the secondary college. She'd been working. At for 20 years and said, I'm really liking the casual work. You know, any casual work you can throw my way, that'd be good because I'm finding it hard to live on the pension. And he said, ‘Ah, I don't know. There's a lot of younger casual teachers around and they've got more longevity and productivity than you have.’ You don't need productivity and longevity to be a good teacher. Kathy Lette: No. Jean Kittson: For a developing mind. Kathy Lette: She needs to teach him that lesson. I hope she got up on the table and tap danced. Jean Kittson: You used to say, Kathy, in television, it doesn't matter what you, um, uh, what age you are, as long as it, you don't look at, that's what the producers used to say. Kathy Lette: Oh, yes. They're saying you've passed your use by date. Well, guess what? Tesco, a big supermarket chain in Britain, just took use-by dates off the food, because they said, make up your own mind. And I think the same should be done for women. Jean Kittson: Exactly. Kathy Lette: Take our use-by date off, judge us on our performance and our enthusiasm and our flexibility and our knowledge and our… Jean Kittson: Exactly. Kathy Lette: …sense of humor. And we're, we're individuals. You know,. what you have to do to survive the second act is go a lot of girls' nights out, a lot of laughter and, and sisterly camaraderie and um, strength in numbers, you know, and just boost each other up, give each other work. Like really put the, put your hand down and, and pull women up behind you. Jane Curry: Yeah. Kathy Lette: But in this, in the Sisterhood Rules, I've put lots of rules in the beginning about sisterly solidarity, like love and loyalty and sticking to each other like a nylon dress in a heat wave. And it also encouraging women to think big, like don't tell men you want their seats on the bus. You want their seats on the board. Like, think big. We're too, we don't have big enough ambitions for ourselves. Husbands come and go, but um, the sisterhood lasts forever. That's the most important rule I will share with you. Jean Kittson: I agree totally. It's really important to have people you can ring up when you're feeling really down and just have a chat with them and then they lift you up and that's so important. And I, I wonder if you'd want to talk about when you gave up publishing — I mean, when you left your job and opened your own publishing company, did you have a mentor then or, well, who was supporting you? Jane Curry: Amazing timing to ask me that. because I'm just about to go to the London book Fair and I got my first job in publishing in London and my boss, who must be now in her eighties, is still an absolute mover and shaker. Kathy Lette: What's her name? Jane Curry: Kit Van Tulleken. She's the mother of the Van Tulleken twins. Kathy Lette: Great name. Jane Curry: The Van Tulleken twins. Who are those… They're doctors that sell millions of copies of their books. Twins, identical twins. Jean Kittson: Oh, you've written about twins. Kathy Lette: Yeah. Jane Curry: Yeah. So they, she had the corner office when I was literally sitting in a corridor at about age 22 or 23, and there she was in the corner office and her two boys would come in after school. And I just looked up and thought she was my absolute role model. Kathy Lette: Oh, great. Jane Curry: And I'm seeing her in the London book fair. Kathy Lette: Nice. Jane Curry: And then I think it's important for other women who are, you know, working. I have a coach, I have a business coach, so I see her once a month and she sorts my head out – not a psychologist, but business wise. So where we have our natural weaknesses and we, you know, she'll always say you've – she's the ones that send, sends me those texts when I'm saying, I've got this difficult discussion, or I, you know, or different, you know, different emotions that you're taking to meetings just to take the emotion out of it and rely on the business. So I think that's important for people as who are working, because we are older, so we do have the capacity to sort of resource ourselves. So rather than have a cleaner, I'd rather have a business coach. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Oh, absolutely. That's such a good… Kathy Lette: …To clean out your, your, your brain. Yes. We do a lot of mentoring in England to younger women through the Women of the World Festival. We mentor young girls at school. We go in the wheel, we go, you know, the, you know the millennial wheel? Jane Curry: Oh yes. Kathy Lette: And we're in different pods and we go around in a pod with a group of girls, and then the next time we get off and get in another pod. So it's, we make it fun, but it's also very helpful for them And it's good for me. I learn a lot from them as well. Jane Curry: Yeah. One of the things I've learned going back into corporate after about 10 years of running my own business is, you know, the young women that we employ, you know how they're much more in their power than I ever was at that age. Jean Kittson: Oh, definitely. Jane Curry: When I was getting divorced, my lawyer turned around and said, are you okay? And I said, yes. I think looking at the kangaroo and the emu on the coat of arms thinking, how on earth did I end up here? Um, but then I said afterwards, I said, how do you do that every day? And he said, take the emotion. There's no emotion in it for me, Jane. I take the emotion out of it. And I've always remembered that advice. So take the emotion out of things. Even the most difficult business transaction, you know, when you've, particularly in publishing, you're dealing with creative people, you know, but take the emotion out of it. Look at the bare bones of the business transaction. Put the emotion in at the beginning and the end. But when it comes to actually achieving an outcome that is to the satisfaction of both parties, take the emotion out of it. So, channeling my divorce lawyer! Kathy Lette: When I got divorced, I remember saying – I knew they charged by the hour – so I used to go in and say, no adjectives, no adverbs, no anecdotes. Just get straight to the facts! But getting back to the mental thing, I just like to say that I, I do wanna encourage all women to always help other women. And when I published, when I wrote Puberty Blues as a teenager, that was rejected by about 10 publishers. Then I saw Anne Summers had written a piece in the paper about, um, gang rapes in Queensland or something. I thought she'll get this surfy brutality that goes on, and I sent her some of the manuscript and she sent it to a small feminist publishing group called McPhee Gribble in Melbourne. And the rest is history. So that was an absolute perfect example of the sisterhood supporting each other. Jean Kittson: And getting it, understanding each other. Kathy Lette: Understanding each other. That's right. Jean Kittson: And what they're going through and the importance of talking about it. Kathy Lette: We just need more women in power. Why can't, why can't women just run the world just for a year? We say to the men, go play golf. Do whatever you like. Just go for a year, just let us take over. We can't do a worse job than you've done and see what we could achieve. Jane Curry: Well, fortunately COVID has given us flexible work conditions. We couldn't get it beforehand, but most of my staff now, we've got nearly a hundred people and it's fantastic. So we've got lots of young mothers on the payroll. Jean Kittson: Oh that's great Jane Curry: And they work, you know, it's great. I've re and I think it took COVID to allow the bosses… Kathy Lette: Yes. Jane Curry: …the patriarchy, to see that working from home is, it can work. Kathy Lette: Because that's another big sexist trope. You know, that society expects women to raise children as though we don't work as well. Jane Curry: That's why I started my own business. Yes. Because when I told my boss I was expecting. The very first thing he said to me was, well, you can't work part-time. That's what he said to me. And I was the managing director at the time, and I actually miscarried that baby. So it gave me a little window to get out from under. So that's when I went to Macmillan because Ross Gibb, who's just retired from publishing, he said over lunch at Machiavelli's – because publishing still has a few lunches – I told him the story and he said, Jane, you can work part-time for me. He's lovely any day. Kathy Lette: He lovely. He was my publisher for a while. Jane Curry: So that's why I went to Macmillan. Because people say, why did you go from being a managing director to being a publisher? And I did that because Ross said, you can work for me any day. He saw the value of female talent. Kathy Lette: Yeah. Yes. Jane Curry: So I had a fantastic year, few years. What about seven years at Macmillan whilst I had my two boys. I'm like, Kathy Lette: See, revenge, revenge! Fabulous. I think the reason women are drawn, I've them… Jean Kittson: …outlive them! Kathy Lette: I think the reason women are drawn to revenge is it's sweet, but totally non fattening – fabulous. Jane Curry: It is, it is. So Ross Gibbs – we do have our allies. Kathy Lette: We do, we do. And it's been important to say that… Jane Curry: …yes… Kathy Lette: …that of course there are great men who do support us and want the best for us. But we need more, we need more men, at the barricades. I've been saying the same feminist things – Jean and I have been saying the same thing through our comedy since we were teenagers, and we still don’t have equal pay. So we need men to get on the barricades with us and say, enough, you know, we, we need equality, we need it now. And I often say, some men challenge me when I'm on tour and they'll say, you know, you feminists are asking for too much. And I'm like, are we, are we really asking for too much equal pay? We'd like men to help us more around the house, which is in their interest. Is it scientifically proven? No woman ever shot a husband while he's vacuuming. We'd like them to do the odd sensitive thing with snow peas in the kitchen, because the weight to a woman's heart through her stomach. Not aiming too high. Jane Curry: Because I've got boys who are now in their 20s, so I've looked at it through that, you know, men's mental health, they don't want to always be the strong and the tough ones. Kathy Lette: No. Feminism works for men as well. Jane Curry: Yes. That's the thing. Exactly. They're allowed to have emotions… Kathy Lette: …and not have the pressure to be the breadwinner and all of that. Jane Curry: Yeah. So I see it, you know, having raised boys as a feminist, you know, to make sure that we can have open discussions. And, yeah, I'd like to think that they're well on the way to being good allies. But yeah, it is a brutal world out there. So I just think we do have to look out for each other and I'm really thrilled to be working with young women, again. Jean Kittson: To sum up this fantastic conversation, which could go on for hours, um, how would you, uh, what is the main message you like to say to people over 50 who are confronted by ageism or sexism, and how do they find it in them, the courage to stop that voice going, maybe I am too old. Kathy Lette: Well, I would say carpe diem, like there's no tomorrow. You know, tempus is fugiting – if not now, when, and you know. One of my mottoes is adventure before dementia. Not that I'm making light of that terrible disease, but you never know what's around the corner. So there's no time to waste. Be… have as much fun and frivolity. Be as outrageous as you can possibly be because you know, this is your last big hurrah. You know… Jean Kittson: Be assertive now! Kathy Lette: Yes, don't have any qualms. Just, you know, tap dance on that tabletop. Jane Curry: When I've had moments of self-doubt, I get moving. Not necessarily tap dancing, but get active, lift weights, go to the gym, run, walk the dog – dark clouds, gather. That's what I'd say if I was in that frame of mind and wondering how the world was going to greet me, I'd take the world on and get active, get those endorphins flowing. Because then you feel so much better. Kathy Lette: And also lean into the sisterly comradery. Jane Curry: Yes. Kathy Lette: Go out with your girlfriend as often. Which Jean and I do. Jean Kittson: Yes. Find beautiful women like yourselves and ring them up or have a glass of champagne. Kathy Lette: Yes. The human wonder bras uplifting, supportive, and make each other look bigger and better. Which is what Jean has done for us today. Thank you. Jean Kittson: Oh no, you two have, you've both been fantastic been great fun. Thank you so much. What a great conversation. Kathy Lette: Thank you Jean. Jean Kittson: Thanks. Kathy Lette: Sisterhood rules. ALL: Sisterhood Rules! Jean Kittson: Thank you to Kathy Lette and Jane Curry. You've been listening to DARE: The Time of Your Life, brought to you by Australian seniors. Please leave a review and share this show with someone you know. Visit seniors.com au/podcast for more episodes. I’m Jean Kittson. Thank you. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Stoking your sense of adventure and kick-starting curiosity is so important as we get older – just ask seven-time world champion surfer Layne Beachley and clinical psychologist Dr Roy Sugarman, who explain how you, too, can embrace new experiences and redefine what's possible, at any age. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. Join Jean Kittson for the seventh season of DARE: The Time of Your Life (formerly Life’s Booming), called Better With Age. Too often ageing is painted as decline. In reality, Australians are living longer, healthier lives and reshaping what “older” looks like. This series flips the script and shows how ageing is not a dirty word but rather a time to be embraced, featuring interviews with extraordinary over 50s refusing to slip quietly into the background. Layne Beachley is a seven-time world champion surfer, who has been pushing the boundaries of women’s surfing since she first stepped on a phone board aged four, going on to win a record breaking six consecutive world titles. Still hitting the waves every day, Layne continues to share her story and help others as a motivational speaker and co-founder of Awake Academy. Dr Roy Sugarman is a clinical psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist who works with professional athletes, special forces and corporate leaders. He is also head neuroscientist for education technology company, Box Play and a co-founder of the global technology research company, Transhuman Inc, where he holds the patient for how we capture human emotions on data files, as well as having developed a totally non-pathological model for online mental health applications for the Department of Health Services in the state of California together with Kooth USA. Watch DARE: The Time of Your Life on YouTube Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Apple Podcasts Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency with Myrtle & Pine -- TRANSCRIPT: Jean Kittson: Hello and welcome to a new season of DARE: The Time of Your Life, formerly Life’s Booming, brought to you by Australian Seniors, in partnership with RSPCA. For more episodes, visit seniors.com.au/podcast. In this episode, we're exploring our adventurous side and being bold and taking risks and how it’s not just for your formative years. It's for now, from scaling mountains and learning to surf, to taking a grey gap year and traveling solo. More Australians over 50 are embracing new experiences and pushing their limits. Proving there is no expiry date when it comes to adventure. So, how can we overcome the, ‘I'm too old for this’ mindset to achieve the confidence to try something new? I mean, it could be something you've always wanted to do or something you did in the past and would like to take up again or something you only just thought of. Fostering our sense of adventure and kick-starting our curiosity is so important as we get older and to help us understand why it is important is Dr Roy Sugarman. Dr Roy Sugarman is a clinical psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist who works with professional athletes, special forces and corporate leaders. He is also head neuroscientist for education technology company Box Play. And joining Roy, someone who needs no introduction. Seven time world champion surfer Layne Beachley. Layne has been pushing the boundaries of women surfing since she first stepped on a phone board aged four, and she has gone on to win a record breaking six consecutive world titles. Although she has been retired from competitive surfing for almost two decades, Layne still hits the waves every day. And Layne has ventured into another career altogether, sharing her story and helping others as a motivational speaker and co-founder of Awake Academy. Welcome Layne. Layne Beachley: Thanks Jean Jean Kittson: And welcome Roy.Welcome you both. Layne Beachley: Thank you. Lovely to be here. Jean Kittson: It's so great to have you both here with us and talking about this really important topic about, you know, keeping on pushing ourselves and challenging ourselves. Layne Beachley: It was interesting when you said in the intro about, am I too old for this? I had an experience this weekend, actually, you might be able to help me out with this Roy, where I was competing for my board rider’s club and I was one of the oldest in the whole field and I did come out of the water because it wasn't as enjoyable as it normally is, competing. I did have that mentality. I'm too old for this. Now, do you put that down to the fact that it's just 'cause I'm tired or can I just Are you allowed to be too old for this? Roy Sugarman: Well, absolutely. You can choose whatever time. Were you too young for it at four years old? Layne Beachley: I knew you… Roy Sugarman: So if you weren't too young for it at four years old, you Yeah, no, keep going. But what happens is, if I look at my athletes who keep training through 60 years old that don't show signs of ageing. So you've got 90 year olds who run triathlons and do Iron Men simply because they never stopped. I mean, you look at their muscles or you look at their hearts. They’re 30 years old. Layne Beachley: Right. Roy Sugarman: So what's the mindset? Mindset becomes your biggest thing. Doing the difficult thing. Layne Beachley: Mm-hmm. Roy Sugarman: That's the correct thing to do. When you have a choice and the point is you thought you have a choice. Layne Beachley: Well, I do have a choice, and I also believe it's the recovery process and the the space that you have around it. Because at 90 years old, there's not much else really going on in your life that's gonna distract you too heavily from being able to take good care of yourself. But that starts now. We don't wait till we're 90 before we start taking care of ourselves. So I'm just thinking now that you've said. Now that I'm in my fifties and I'm still competing, I need to actually have more space for preparation and recovery to enjoy it more. Roy Sugarman: Yeah. I think there are four pillars. There's the mindset pillar, there's nutrition and movement, and recovery is your fourth pillar. Jean Kittson: Okay. Right. Say that again. Recovery is your… Roy Sugarman: So mindset's your first important part of that. Jean Kittson: Yes. And then the next one Roy Sugarman: Movement and nutrition are critical as you get older. And even the rot starts early, so when you're young as well. And that fourth pillar is recovery time. So in other words, Jean Kittson: Where you rest and put your feet up, Roy Sugarman: don't overtrain. Jean Kittson: You don't have to work on recovery, do you? Layne Beachley: You do. You have to… Roy Sugarman: Oh yes, Jean Kittson: Oh, you have to work for recovery. Roy Sugarman: Well, there's active and passive, right? Layne Beachley: Exactly. Roy Sugarman: Yeah. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Jean Kittson: Oh gosh. Now we're getting technical. Alright. Can you say what active recovery and passive is in a few words that we, people who aren't sports people will understand, please! Layne Beachley: Well, active recovery would be things like massage and acupuncture and compression therapy and ice therapy and heat therapy Jean Kittson: Ah, Layne Beachley: Yeah. That would be the active Jean Kittson: And the passive is a glass of wine. Jean Kittson: The telly on, the feet up. Right? Layne Beachley: Well, preferably coconut water. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Layne Beachley: Not something that's all anti, well, not something that's inflammatory like alcohol. Roy Sugarman: So going for a walk. Layne Beachley: going for a walk. Roy Sugarman: Going for a walk, doing some stretching, doing some yoga. Very light stuff. Just keeping going, but being active, getting out of bed at the same time, going to sleep at the same time. There's more passive recovery, doing some heart rate variability training. Jean Kittson: Look, I'm feeling too old for this, as you say, I have never sort of worked in that way in a routine or with, you know, that much care. Layne Beachley: So television doesn't provide that, does it? Jean Kittson: Television? No. I don't really watch a lot of television. I do a little, just a lot of, I don't know what I do. Running around, I run around, a headless chook, and then sit down and, you know… Layne Beachley: With a glass of wine. Jean Kittson: Yeah, with a glass of wine. So when you have that pass through your mind – I'm too old for this – this is what happens to, I think a lot of people when, as they, as they get older in later life, they think ‘well, maybe I am too old for this.’ And I don't know whether it's their mindset or other people are putting it on it. You are out surfing with younger people. Did you get that impression that other people were looking at you like that? Or was, did it come from yourself? Layne Beachley: No, it came from myself. I don't care about how people look at me and the judgements that they make, cast upon me. It's more around my opinion of myself. That's the most important. I think it also came down to how my body was feeling and the energy that I was able to put into the performance. And just the mindset is also a reflection of how I'm feeling within myself. So I've been in a moon boot for a few weeks. Yeah, not ideal preparation either. And so I'm really conscious about allowing that injury to heal, but while still being able to do what I wanna do. And that's another thing that slows us down as we get older, is the injuries and the progression of injuries, and then honoring the injury and allowing it to heal. Roy Sugarman: Yeah. And the point that changes as you get older, which is something for younger athletes as well, is you can't be outcome focused. Cause that is going to be a negative for you. But the doctor says you have to lose weight. That's your outcome. Well, reactant theory, somebody's telling you what to do. But the important part of what Layne said is that, the opposite of a competitive mindset is psychological flexibility, which means I'm going to take my eyes off the end result. I'm going to just go for process. I'm going to enjoy what I'm doing. I'm going to love what I'm doing, how well I do. These other people can beat me. They're quicker, faster, stronger, younger. Which is very sad, but their rot’s… Jean Kittson: We hate them. Roy Sugarman: Their rot has already started, you know, and you know, people say, but you're 72, are you slowing down? The answer is, I hate old people, and I'm one of them, you know, some ageist as hell. But what Layne said very important is focus on the process of enjoying what you're doing. Forget about the outcome. The outcome may be beyond you, today. Jean Kittson: Well, this is expectations, isn't it? And the expectations we have on ourselves. So for instance, if you, we've been an elite athlete, like you have, your expectations of yourself must be enormous, and then you retired. How, how did you know when it was time to retire? Layne Beachley: Well. I knew because I wasn't willing to do the work outside of the water to generate the results that I expected of myself within it. If I have this expectation to perform well and win, then that has to be measured or correlated with the training, the preparation, the nutrition. All of the things that are, that need to be invested into performing my best. And I wasn't willing to do that work anymore. I was distracted. I was looking over the fence. I was craving a life outside of surfing. Knowing that I wasn't willing to do the work, I could have easily stayed there and just qualified and made up a number of the girls on tour, but that's not who I am. I perform and I prepare to perform well. I wasn't willing to do the preparation, so it was easy to make that decision. But to that point around expectation, I'm a seven times world champion. I won six in a row, but I won five in fear and two in love. And the two love-based titles were the process driven ones and the five fear-based world titles were outcome driven. So it's too easy to get stuck. And I say that because I've proven that you can succeed in both mentalities, but one costs you a lot more than the other. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Roy Sugarman: So, and that's where you find the values shift because you have to be valid and authentic as an athlete. And what you've described is how your values shifted and you became a valid and authentic version of yourself at whatever age. Which means you can do the difficult thing that's the correct thing to do. 'cause you had a choice. Layne Beachley: Right. Roy Sugarman: And when you have a choice, you choose according to your, what's valid for you. Those are your values and that gives you the psychological flexibility – competition doesn't matter so much. Being flexible and enjoying what I'm doing and the return on investment, and what it's gonna cost is a value-based decision. Layne Beachley: Right. Roy Sugarman: So if you're gonna be happy and cross the line, as we call it, right Layne Beachley: Yes. Roy Sugarman: You cross the line from being a pro to enjoying your life. [00:10:40] Layne Beachley: Can't you do both? Roy Sugarman: If you're lucky. But you know, I really love the authenticity and validity of what Layne said: I made a values-based decision. I was going to go now for the process, I loved two of those competitions 'cause I was in it for the love. Young athletes come up loving what they do, and then money or success or extrinsic motivators get there. Intrinsically, it wasn't motivating for you. You’d mastered it. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Roy Sugarman: So that sense of mastery, the idea of getting better and better at what's important to you shifted. And that's great. That's authentic. Layne Beachley: But to that point around choice, even when you say I don't have a choice, that in itself is a choice. Roy Sugarman: Yes. I choose not to choose. Layne Beachley: Yes. Jean Kittson: That's the easy way, right? Layne Beachley: Yeah. I don't have a choice. Jean Kittson: We all, I think we're all susceptible to extrinsic Layne Beachley: motivations. Jean Kittson: Do I say that? Extrinsic? Motivation and influences. And even in our everyday lives, it's very hard to sort of chill down and be true to yourself and make the choices that you want to make. We are all, even if we haven't been athletes, most people have made enormous sacrifices in their lives for their families or their partners, or maybe they've been, maybe they've had to deal with illnesses and trauma and this. So, to get to a stage in your life where you can understand yourself better, which is what I loved about hearing about your Awake Academy and hearing podcasts about how you have done a lot of work on self-awareness And how much that has informed the way you feel about yourself. You no longer when you win a game — when you win a competition, you feel like a winner. When you lose a competition, you feel like a loser. How that's gone from your life and now you're sharing that with others. And I think that's a wonderful thing you are doing. Is that giving you a lot of satisfaction. What's that bringing you? Why did you decide to do that? Layne Beachley: Well, when you become successful, as you know, (and as you know), I mean, everyone wants to know how you do it. And if you're able to deconstruct it and present it in a relatable way that people can take something from, that’s why I do it. I'm constantly doing the work on myself to then help people see themselves in me. I'm not putting myself up as the, the beacon and the light of perfection, because I'm as imperfect as you (and you) are. But what I am doing is saying I'm imperfect, but I'm also vulnerable and authentic in that, and I wanna help you become more vulnerable and authentic within yourself. So at Awake Academy, we're really inspired to help people be their best selves to live their best life. So to live your best life, you have to know who you are first. To achieve something great in the world, you have to know who you are because once you know who you are, then you can start working towards what you want. But sometimes, especially as kids, we put what we want ahead of ourselves and we lose ourselves in that. And I did that in those fear-based world titles. I won that first one and then went, okay, to be worthy of something else, I have to be more than what I am. And I lost that sense of self. And that taught me a lot about myself. So I love sharing those stories to help people feel less alone in their struggles, less isolated, less disconnected, and that they can relate to someone that they may be able to draw some knowledge and inspiration from. Because if you are getting inspiration from me, that's not me creating the inspiration in you, that's you creating the inspiration in you. And I think we put our self worth outside of ourselves too often. Jean Kittson: I think you'll provide the tools for people to manage themselves better. Which is what you do, Roy, and you are, you do it all based on the science of how humans behave and what motivates us. Roy Sugarman: Sure. Because in many ways we have a lot of similarities and differences from animals. So biologically it's quite easy to understand, and that takes the guilt away from people. The idea that when you're a young athlete and you don't get into the team or you don't succeed, I mean, Barcelona Academy will have 600 kids at any one time. None of them will play for Barcelona, apart from what their parents think, which is ‘all of them are going to play’, you know. So this expectation thing that said the drivenness to outcome, the forgetting, that self-reflection of what is valid and authentic for you is critical to the psychological flexibility of the young athletes or young medical students or young nursing students or otherwise, they start to look at suicide. We created an app a few years ago, 2017, we launched it, Time Magazine said we saved 23,000 lives. I don’t know how they got the figure, but you know… Layne Beachley: Go with it Roy Sugarman: My colleague Amanda, she, went with it, I hid! And she got under 30, you know, 30 influences of the year, and she became CEO of our startup in Delaware and everything else. The critical thing was vulnerability. We used the app to create vulnerability that people could experience without talking. They just had a swipe left and right to express vulnerability. And if you teach, vulnerability is good, that you self-reflect because every first year medical student, nursing student is taught to self-reflect on your values, what is valid and authentic. If you failed, you failed. It's okay, but did you fail on your own terms? If you left, you left on your own terms. Right? If you're going out of the door, it must be the door that you chose to leave, you know, so the crossing the line, the self-reflection that you talk about. So critical, but what are you reflecting on? What is valid and authentic for you at the time. And that's critical to an athlete mentality or success mentality. Jean Kittson: It must be critical to older people as well who have spent a life just fulfilling other people's expectations and succeeding in their business or whatever they've done without being elite athletes. I'm just trying to bring this back to what older people might experience when they retire and then suddenly they're left with themselves and looking at themselves maybe for the first time in their lives. And how are they going to deal with, how are they going to maintain a sense of self-esteem when how they valued themselves, maybe through their work or that has gone. Roy Sugarman: same with an athlete, same with an older person. It's your sense of identity. You have an athlete's identity. It's what you've been doing from four to whenever you give up. The same with being a lawyer. You started studying at 18 and you now finished at 70, and you are one of those people who goes into work, but the youngsters don't need you. So maintaining your sense, and you mentioned a very important word at the beginning of this whole thing, you said curiosity. The opposite of avoidance of all of this catastrophe of the loss of your identity is curiosity of being caught up now. Okay, What is valid and authentic for me now that I'm no longer a lawyer or a long distance athlete? As long as you true yourself, that's where the mindset comes in. That's where awake is so important – is wake up to the idea that you are not just an athlete. You are not just a lawyer, self-reflect on what's valid and authentic for you as a person, and then begin the next phase of your life. Layne Beachley: And ideally wake up to that before you become the athlete or before you become the lawyer. Roy Sugarman: Hopefully have that mindset about what is going to be your intrinsic mastery. That whole idea of getting better and better at what's important to you is critical, not what's important to the crowds or anybody. What's important to you? Now, get better at it. So human growth starts when a 72-year-old or an 80-year-old decides they're going to do a whole new and complex thing. Create the brain cell connections and off you go. Jean Kittson: Oh, so it's never too late to start a new and complex activity or interest. Roy Sugarman: You can't afford not to because you're starting that process of God's waiting room. You know, that older people tell me and when they come in miserable with highly successful lives, you know, perhaps thinking of the only one or two things they messed up. Then we go, what are you gonna do in the next five, 10, 15, 20, 30 years? Because if you can write a book like Eddie Jaku at 101, gets published in 26 languages, have your own TED talk, ageing, novel complexity. Start, go. You know why stop. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Why do we stop? Jean Kittson: Well, this is it. Is it our negative thoughts about ourselves and our capacity? Is it physical? I mean, we don't wanna break anything, that's for sure. I mean, is it purely, what is stopping us trying new things or having adventures or… Layne Beachley: Fear. Roy Sugarman: And I wanna bounce this off Layne. We have an interesting phenomenon in our brain as we compute emotions and logic separately. And emotions are stronger. When we look at a goal, we tend to see the big picture, which is overwhelming. And there are two aspects. How desirable is this change for you and what is your perceived ability and the interventions are – how desirable, love to do it; perceived ability, it's too hard, it's too big, it's gonna be too difficult. What happened to baby steps? What happened to micro goals? So the answer is we get this ambivalence. The clash between ‘I would really love to do it but it’s gonna be too hard. I'm too old.’ But what about the desirability? Well look at the emotional drivers, not the rational ones: I'm too old. The emotional ones: ‘I'd really love to do this’ (process based, might never get there). And second of all, your perceived ability is based on age? No, it's based on smaller goals that you can achieve all the way to the big one. So if I decide I'm gonna play Wimbledon next year, at 72. You'd say you're an idiot. On the other hand, if it's process based… Layne Beachley: Can you play tennis? Roy Sugarman: Not a chance, but I'll get a coach Layne Beachley: Then I think you're crazy. Roy Sugarman: I'll get a coach, I'll go every day and whatever else. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Roy Sugarman: And by the end of the year I'll be playing at a club maybe. Layne Beachley: Mm-hmm. Roy Sugarman: I'll be playing with other people and beating them, and I'll be loving tennis. I'm never getting to Wimbledon, but the process is gonna be great. Layne Beachley: Process will be the same too. Roy Sugarman: The goal's irrelevant, the process. Layne Beachley: But if we get ahead of ourselves. And I'd actually love to ask you a question about this. So, when we set these goals for ourselves, sometimes they can be more audacious than others. So perhaps we set ourselves a big goal, such as becoming a world champion at something. And there I think there's two trains of, there's two modes of motivation. There's of course the extrinsic and the intrinsic motivation. The extrinsic motivation can be a force of fear to a degree. Roy Sugarman: Yes. Layne Beachley: Right. So if I think about athletes who have a fear of failure versus athletes that have a fear of success, the outcome in my mentality, and you are the trained psychologist here, so you might be able to help me here, understand this even better. The outcome, the associated outcome of success is so scary that they end up sabotaging themselves. I had a fear of success. Fortunately, what you fear, you attract. Roy Sugarman: Yes. Layne Beachley: So I was, but I became aware of it so it no longer governed my behaviours versus the fear of failure, which gives us reason to just stop. Roy Sugarman: Yes. Layne Beachley: Because we've convinced ourselves over and over and over again that we're never gonna make it. So is the lesson here for anyone at any age when they hit that point of tension? That they become curious in that moment. And so what's the best question that they can ask themselves to step forward? Roy Sugarman: Why not me? The problem is we all have some kind of an image of ourselves and Scott Peltin from Tignum and I had this discussion for years in Arizona. We all have an image of ourselves. And to succeed, we have to exceed that image. We have to go past the image. As we do that, we become anxious. And elite athletes, as you’ll know, waiting for the right wave, you know, counting all of those, everybody catching their waves, you know, waiting and going through that first heat. Then you've got the second heat. You know, you're so close to success, the fear. The idea is the first question is, why not me? Because other people do it, and other people might always be more talented, quicker, whatever. But you have to exceed your own image to succeed. And every time you do that, every time you challenge yourself, you need to be curious about how anxious you're gonna be. 'Cause every change and every growth comes with anxiety. That's where you go for what's valid. I'm going to be curious just about how anxious this makes me. Then live with it and see. That means psychological flexibility, staying in the moment, being curious about the moment and not worrying about the outcome anymore. Jean Kittson: Not worrying, being vulnerable, taking a chance, you know, dispel fear as well. Roy Sugarman: Fear is natural, the fear of success, that fear of exceeding your image. The fear of most of the athletes I've trained will never win a gold medal. Not even come close to a medal at the Olympics and have been four times and loved every second of it. Even the cardboard beds! Whatever, whatever it is, why not me? If you want to change careers, if you want to become this, you wanna do that. We have the children headed for HSC and we say, well. So you don't get a great HSC. You can get into any course, you want to just go and do another degree and do well at it. Jean Kittson: Exactly. Roy Sugarman: Do something you enjoy and love. So the critical thing is you get older. There is no point going to a bootcamp that you're going to hate, where some young blonde, spray tan person with who counts your reps and and has a mobile phone available to prompt them with AI as to what you should be doing. They should be watching you very carefully. Do you love the exercise? Do you love what you're gonna do? Because if you love it, you're probably good at it. And if you're good at it, you probably love it. So now that you've finished your career, now that you've finished your whatever, and you crossed the line, why not you? The answer is be curious as to what this is going to demand from you. Do the difficult thing that's the right thing to do because you have a choice. The easy thing: not gonna work. Jean Kittson: What would you say to people whose family may say, ‘you shouldn't do this, Mum!’ Or ‘you shouldn't do this Dad,’ or ‘you are too old for this.’ What would you say to people who have external pressures about helping, about trying something new? Layne Beachley: Why not me? Jean Kittson: Yes, same. Layne Beachley: I have plenty of people in my family and friends circle that say that to me. Roy Sugarman: You should be slowing down. Layne Beachley: Yeah, of course. Jean Kittson: What do you mean? Layne Beachley: Well, you're too old for this, or you shouldn't be doing that. Roy Sugarman: Or you should slow down. You should slow down. The reason is they're scared for you. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Roy Sugarman: So they're trying to stop you doing what would make you happy, which is to be curious and take risks. Layne Beachley: Yeah. They're projecting their fears onto you. They're trying to protect themselves, not you. Jean Kittson: Well of course they don't wanna be a carer of someone. You know, in a wheelchair, if you jumped out of a plane or… No. Jump out of a plane. I know it sounds, you know, I wouldn't do it, but people love it. Layne Beachley: I love it. It's great fun. Roy Sugarman: If it was burning, I'd jump, but… Jean Kittson: Yeah! Roy Sugarman: But think you've gotta be positive. Layne was in a boot for quite a while. That means she could float better. You know, you could float if you came off the board I on that board Layne Beachley: I never surfed in a boot! Never swam in it either. Roy Sugarman: A flotation device. Layne Beachley: Yeah, don't need a flotation device! Roy Sugarman: So yeah, just think of fear and human fear and what it might be based on. And that self-reflection is, ‘what am I scared of? What am I afraid of? What have I got to lose?’ As you get older and older, you might feel that you have a lot to lose, that you are more vulnerable. But that's not true. Layne Beachley: Why isn't it true? Roy Sugarman: Why are you more vulnerable? You're more vulnerable to risk taking because of expectations of what people do because of ageism, because ‘old people don't do that’. Roy Sugarman: But, you know, the thing is about getting old and not doing things is, the excuses are like, ‘why don't we ride a bicycle?’ Well, I don't have a bicycle. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Roy Sugarman: Or I'm scared I might fall off or whatever else. So the critical reason is ‘why not me, is this valid and authentic for me?’ Because that will bolster your being older and ageing so-called gracefully. Yes, you are running against biology, you're running against everything. But the most critical thing is your mindset of what is authentic and valid for you, not for the next 72-year-old. Because by that nature I should not be, you know, running to Bondi 8kms there and back up hill, which I hate, but my dog loves it. So yeah. Jean Kittson: Well, keeping curiosity and challenges in your life is so important because we're always learning and otherwise, as you said, we're just waiting. What are we waiting for: the end. But when you said about fear, that is really important because it translates to so many different aspects of the lives of people as they get older, including, I always hear, you know, the family saying ‘oh, my mum doesn't want any help around the house, and, and I know she needs help.’ But that comes from fear too, that it's a thin edge of the wedge. If you let someone come in and help you with the washing up, it means that you're not coping and then, then your family will put you in a home. That's the outcome. You know, that's a big fear that you will lose your autonomy. But in this way, it sounds like to maintain your autonomy and your independence and maintain your confidence, it's important to have challenges and challenge yourself and make your own decisions. Layne Beachley: And being realistic about what those challenges are. Jean Kittson: Yes, Roy Sugarman: Because avoidance, the opposite of curiosity is avoidance. And avoidance is staying safe. But staying safe means learning nothing. We learn nothing from success. You learn from the times you fall off the board. Layne Beachley: I learned a little bit about success, from success. Roy Sugarman: I've never had any, so how would I know? Layne Beachley: Wow, rubbish. It's funny that you know that you say you learn nothing from success. I learned a lot from success, but learning how to lose taught me how to win. Roy Sugarman: Yes, Layne Beachley: And it's those failures that we fear as we get older because of a variety of different reasons. Yet if we maintain our sense of curiosity in those moments, then we get to ask ourselves, is it valid and is it authentic to me? So when I came outta the water last weekend, having failed, in my eyes, because I did not perform the way I wanted to perform, I was able to detach from that and just ask myself, is this still a valid and authentic place that I wanna be? Is this still a valuable and authentic environment that I wanna subject myself to? Jean Kittson: Yeah. Do you want to feel like you failed? Layne Beachley: Well, no, it's not about feeling like, is it still, do I keep competing, right? Jean Kittson: Yes. Layne Beachley: Yeah. Because failure is the stepping stone to success. Failure is the necessary part because understanding how you adapt and approach failure enables you to embrace success. But if we don't take the failures in our stride, then we stop trying and we stop putting ourselves, we stop it. We stop taking risks. Roy Sugarman: And being realistic is testing that. Layne Beachley: Yes. Yeah. Roy Sugarman: That curiosity is, I'm going to test and see if my daughter's right and I shouldn't be doing that. You know, I'm gonna test those limits, which is again, Scott Peltin's view of exceeding your own image is important. It comes with anxiety; living with that is the curiosity. Are we going to test those limits and see, because we don't know what we don't know. And if we do know, or you know, Lang’s dictum or whoever it was: if you don’t know you don't know, you think you do know. And if you don't know you do know, you think you don't! Layne Beachley: Yeah. Roy Sugarman: So test it and find out what you know about yourself, which [00:31:00] is that critical self-evaluation again. And then ask, ‘well, why not me? I'm going to test that.’ Layne Beachley: Jean, is there something that you are wanting to do that you're fearful of stepping into? Jean Kittson: Everything probably. Well there's something I've always wanted to do, and then I always swore I'd do it by the time I was 40 and then I didn't, and now I'm 70, and now I think it's probably too late. But I've always, but it may not be. I've always wanted to sculpt. I love doing things with my hands Layne Beachley: As in clay, sculpting? Jean Kittson: As in I think I would probably start with Clay and then move on to sort of ten storey bronzes. I dunno, I'd start small. Layne Beachley: Why do you think it's too late? Jean Kittson: I feel like I have lost capacity in like physical Layne Beachley: Oh, Jean Kittson: I feel like it's a physical thing, not a mental thing. I know what I would sculpt Layne Beachley: Right. Jean Kittson: I know what I would do, but I can, I feel like I couldn't do it physically and that's sad, because I… sculpture moves me when I see sculpture, I'm moved. But then it might be like, I do it and then I don't, I don't get moved except to tears. What a mess. You know? I suppose I'm scared of failing too. Layne Beachley: Ah, so Roy Sugarman: Well let's turn that around and say sculpting is going to strengthen your hands. Jean Kittson: Well, that would be good. I'm getting a little bit of arthritis. Roy Sugarman: Good. So you need to use your hands. Movement is really good for arthritis and clay, and then work your way to Italian marble and really terrorise yourself. Jean Kittson: Yes, just be a Michelangelo. That would be amazing. Layne Beachley: So as a psychologist, if Jean was sitting opposite you in your room, and she's telling you this story… Roy Sugarman: She has an image of the strength of her hands she hasn't tested, she hasn't been curious about testing her hands. I would get you to test the strength of your hands and to increase the strength of your hands and your range of movement, and deal with the arthritis and strengthen everything, and then get busy with clay. Why not? Layne Beachley: Because the first thing that I think about, yeah, it's all about me, is that I wanted to build the strength in my body again because menopause stripped me of my strength and I surrendered to menopause and just went, oh, that's my deal. Done. And then I thought, I wanna get strong. I need to go back to the gym. And going back to the gym terrified me because I didn't know what to do. Jean Kittson: Yes. Layne Beachley: I've always had a personal trainer. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Layne Beachley: So I rang a friend and said, I need a personal trainer. And then, I was afraid to fail in front of my personal trainer, but I was also afraid to feel weak, but I thought to feel strong, I have to embrace the fact that I am weaker right now, but if I keep doing the thing and showing up and building my capacity, then I will become stronger over time. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Layne Beachley: Same thing with your hands. Jean Kittson: Not look at the big picture. Yes. Because that's the other thing, you're afraid that what I make is not what I have in my mind. Layne Beachley: Yes. Right. But you can make it over time. Jean Kittson: Yes. Layne Beachley: But detach, as Roy said… Jean Kittson: maybe it's not important. Maybe the process is what we've been talking. Roy Sugarman: You'll find that out in the process. Jean Kittson: I'll find it out if I just do it. Just do it. Roy Sugarman: Why not you? Why not you? Jean Kittson: Yeah, why not? Layne Beachley: We're gonna ring a sculptor tomorrow. We're gonna get you booked in. Jean Kittson: Oh, I just had this, I felt like my heart just jumped into my throat! Roy Sugarman: Shows you how important it is to, to become that creative and see something growing outside of you and being able to change it. Jean Kittson: Manipulate it Roy Sugarman: Create a vision of what it should be. And you know, I mean, Michelangelo took, you know, this horrible piece of marble that somebody threw out and he saw David in it. Jean Kittson: Well, thank you so much for that encouragement. alright. I think I'll do it. I'll report back. Yeah. Layne Beachley: Please do. We'd love to, I wanna see the sculpture. Because if you think about the audience that's listening, they're probably saying, well, you know, it's all right for those two. You know, they've gone on and achieved greatness. Yeah. What about people who have predominantly lived a stagnant life or haven't really achieved anything that they consider to be big or audacious or great? Jean Kittson: I would say, first of all, I'll just challenge you on the word stagnant because most people live lives that have a whole lot going on. Layne Beachley: Yes, that's true Jean Kittson: All the time. Layne Beachley: Thank you. Jean Kittson: And dealing with lots of stuff. Layne Beachley: No such thing as stagnant. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Layne Beachley: No, not if you're still alive. You're not, you're not being stagnant. Jean Kittson: But it's a really good word because people encourage you to stagnation as you get older. Yes. They'll give you all these facts about what you can't do any longer or you shouldn't, and your bones and your brain and your reactions. So you're constantly getting this negative thing about ageing. You're not actually getting a lot of positive things, you know, facts where you are, you know, Roy, you've got all the facts and evidence. All the evidence seems to be, we should embrace ageing and just, you know, behave our age and sit down and be conversational and put your feet up and wear a dressing gown and listen to marching bands or something. You know, like… Roy Sugarman: I have three things to say to that - poo poo poo. Layne Beachley: Okay. Roy Sugarman: You know, heaven for forbid. Because yeah, the stereotyping and everybody's different. Everybody's life is different. Some people come to me at the end of their working careers and say, I don't believe I've achieved anything, and everything else, and everything else. So the issue’s across the lifespan – and the rot starts early – is to decide, especially you mentioned earlier, athletes or any human being, decide what's important to you. Self-reflect. It can change from minute to minute, hour to hour in a day, but if you're not being authentic and valid with yourself, you're gonna land up in the psychologist rooms, anxious or miserable. The first question I ask them is, ‘what's valid and authentic?’ Because when you get miserable after a life of maybe not doing much, what are you really saying is that what happened throughout your life wasn't valid for you, it wasn't authentic for you, and now you are old and you are Kentucky Fried Chicken Kernel Saunders at 65, and you are gonna make chicken. Well, Mrs. Fields’s husband has walked out the door and she's gonna make cookies. $400 million worth of cookies, you know? So the whole idea is if you are in that stasis, let's call it stasis, rather than… Layne Beachley: Yeah. I love that, statis Jean Kittson: Yes. Stasis. Roy Sugarman: Nice word from stagnation. Yes. And if you're not as spritely, bounding around beautifully being spritely, then think about the fact that it's never too late to go and look at what is valid and authentic and what isn't. Then have the courage to commit yourself to a committed life from that moment on. Give you a quick example, and have a client who is a great scientist. He was nominated for Nobel Prizes. God knows what, 84 years old decided it was time to die because all he wanted to do was play the violin [00:38:00] and he was good at it. So we found this bus in Israel that travels around to schools, introducing kids to classical music, the whole orchestra of old people like him. He spent the last nine years of his life doing that, playing to kids and nevermind his organic chemistry. It was never valid and authentic for him. Layne Beachley: What chemistry? Roy Sugarman: No, his whole life wasn't valid and authentic, but the violin or photography or people [in their] 70s start painting and yes, actually paint beautifully. So why not? Layne Beachley: I feel that the beauty in this conversation is inspiring people to embrace the challenge of embracing their passion and connecting with what that is. Then giving themselves permission to explore that. Without the expectation to be the best in it or to be great at it. And perhaps, you know, in childhood and trauma is trauma, pain is pain. We've all experienced moments within our childhood that are still playing out to this day. And if we can start to learn to tap into what those stories are, and there's about seven or eight of them that we keep coming back to, then we can start to disengage from them and detach from them and start to write a different story. But if we're allowing old behavioural patterns from childhood to dictate who we are today as an adult, then we are missing out the chance, we are delaying the opportunity to embrace those passions. And the number one regret of the dying is I wish I had the courage to live a life that I love. Roy Sugarman: And that means embracing a narrative that is your narrative. Not your kids, your family, whatever. You tell your own story and you make that story go where you want. It's your narrative, it's your story. And if the story of your last 50 years wasn't good enough, tell another story. Layne Beachley: Yes. Roy Sugarman: And that storytelling of the beginning and the middle and the end is yours to decide. So the courage and curiosity and exceeding the image that is the old story, why not? This is living. Jean Kittson: I feel that if you don't sort of confront your fears, either physical or emotional, psychological or spiritual, existential. If you don't confront them, then you're going to live a fearful life, and that's going to really limit you. And it's probably going to impact your family too, because as you get older, you may be a grandparent and you may have great influence on your grandchildren. You might have already made all your mistakes with your children, but it's never too late to learn about yourself and how… a better way of living. Layne Beachley: Well, fears are valid too. Roy Sugarman: Yeah, fears are valid and they're acceptable and they're part of life. And there are warning signs like pain, pain and fear, all the same thing. These are warning signs, but we don't have to necessarily live our lives according to them. Just think of pain: 30% is dealt with by medication. 70% is psychosocial. So the reason psychologists deal with pain is we've got a 70% window there to help someone get away from chronic pain. 30% is medication, 70% according to [Rachel] Zoffness and other researchers. 70% is the interaction with another human being that normalises the pain and anxiety and the sadness into the here and now. Now that you have the pain, accept it. What now becomes critical? However, your value shifted. What's important to you now? That's self-reflection. Again, what is important to me, given these circumstances. Yes. You're afraid I'm not worried about that. Jean Kittson: Well, that's great to, yeah. Not worried about fear. Not to be fearful of fear. Well, fear… Roy Sugarman: We have, yes Jean Kittson: Yes Roy Sugarman: Yes. Best statement by an American president. If you're afraid of fear, you are paralyzed. You are static. Jean Kittson: The other thing, I suppose for older people, and I keep saying older people later, life probably is, you know, I could say… Layne Beachley: Mature? Can you say that? Jean Kittson: Mature people. Layne Beachley: Yeah. What is the term? Jean Kittson: Well, some of us are mature! I like these… Those of us in later life maybe, rather than older because we don't feel it, is how to maintain a sense of purpose. And I know you speak about purpose being, I think I heard you, but please tell me it's values and people with the same values in your life. Roy Sugarman: That use mastery, like mindedness and growth. Jean Kittson: And growth. And that gives you purpose. Roy Sugarman: Yes. That's the model for the state of California, which is the thing we defend most, is the idea that what we do makes a difference. If we embark on actions that have no outcome for us at all, and we don't enjoy the process, then mastery disappears and a sense of autonomy disappears. So you can define purpose as this progressive realisation of ‘what I do makes a difference surrounded by people who have the same values as me.’ But the guiding, what is this autonomy? It's around the things that matter to me. So that defines your purpose, right. Layne Beachley: So values mastery Roy Sugarman: Like-mindedness, like-mindedness, you need people around you. You need your squad who think the same way, need your dreams as you do dreams. You need your team, your squad, you know? Layne Beachley: And it was course growth. Growth, of course. Roy Sugarman: Yes. Mastery getting better and better at what matters to you, Layne Beachley: Right? But if what matters to you is being comfortable, how do you grow in that state? Roy Sugarman: Well, you get really good at being comfortable, Layne Beachley: But if being comfortable is eating food that's not great and sitting on the couch and binge-watching television until like… People give up on life, as they get older. Roy Sugarman: They do the easy things. They do the easy that are the wrong things to do because they don't understand they have a choice, Layne Beachley: Right Roy Sugarman: When we get people who are miserable, depressed, whatever, we have to then motivate them. In other words, as you said, inspire some drive in them. But what it is is emotional. So we work on emotional drivers for someone like that. They have to find, you know, the why and then they can get the how. But it's not something we give them. We are just visiting people's lives. When they change, it is on their own terms. So we help them tell a story, and in that story, they become the hero who gets off the couch, who stops eating for the most part. They have to find that purpose driven by values. So we help them with values. We help them to make the argument. I can't make the argument for them. I'm just visiting people's lives. Layne Beachley: You're just providing the framework. Roy Sugarman: Yep. I paint a frame and they do the artwork themselves. Layne Beachley: They do the art. Jean Kittson: So can you actually, I was, because I was going to ask you, what would you say to people to help motivate them who are thinking of trying a new venture or adventure? The trying to challenge themselves. What would you say to people who were overcome with: I can't do this. What would each of you say? Layne Beachley: I'd like to hear the psychologist for this first. Roy Sugarman: So think of the big picture. I take them out of the big picture immediately, because if you're getting older, the big picture is not a good one. If you're going to look at it because you all go out the same way. Okay. So the whole idea is don't look at the big picture. When you're young. You can look at big pictures 'cause it seems endless. As you get older. You need to look at smaller and smaller bites of pictures, which will still get you. To the big picture. But if you look at the big picture, your own emotional sense of being overwhelmed comes in quickly. I want this, but it's too hard. Technically, ambivalence. So when they're sitting in my room, obviously they're not happy. When they are happy, well, I don't see them. I leave them alone. Layne Beachley: They leave you alone. Roy Sugarman: Yeah. But obviously, people come when what's happening in their life is not valid for them. And then we have that discussion of, ‘okay, what's gonna be important for you now?’ But don't look at the big picture. It's overwhelming and that sense of self-efficacy, that what I do makes a difference – Bandura 1952, whatever it was – that feeling of loss of control, of loss of self-efficacy is the scary thing that we have to address. Because then you're not living life according to values; other people's values are driving you and it's not working. Layne Beachley: And if you've lived your whole life according to other people's values, because you're conforming to fit in to belong, which is what our biggest driving force is with every one of us. We wanna belong. We wanna feel safe. If you don't feel safe, then you're gonna continuously find ways to manufacture or create that environment for yourself. Jean Kittson: Safety. Layne Beachley: Safety. Jean Kittson: Yeah. Which might be closing the door. Layne Beachley: It might, I mean, it could be Jean Kittson: Isolating yourself sometimes Layne Beachley: Yes. And sometimes we all need to Roy Sugarman: It’s avoidance. Layne Beachley: Yeah. It's avoidance. Yeah. Unless you're an introvert. Roy Sugarman: Which is good avoidance. Layne Beachley: But, I mean, everything comes at a cost, right? Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. And I look at, for example, my professional surfing career as when I reflect on those world title campaigns, the cost of doing, of winning world titles with an outcome focused mentality was significant. To the point now I'm in my fifties in constant pain management because I didn't listen. The body whispers before it screams, and my body was screaming and I still wasn't tuning in because I had this ‘must win at all cost’ mentality. And that's what cost us our joy, our connection, our sense of belonging, our sense of self, our health, our wellbeing. I compromised, I sacrificed it because the outcome was more important to me than my health and wellbeing. My ability to actually achieve the goal was put second. So to this, so to Roy's point about being really clear around who you are and getting outta the outcome driven mentality and just asking yourself what's valuable to me, that's the gold right there. Roy Sugarman: And when you look at that big picture that I mentioned earlier, and what you've just said is so critical with every elite person and every ordinary person, when you look at the big picture, what you're seeing is the sacrifices you would have to make. Layne Beachley: Yes. Roy Sugarman: And that can be really daunting Layne Beachley: Overwhelming Roy Sugarman: And that's where your negative emotions come in and you go, that's gonna be too hard. And that's where meaning and values and emotional drivers come in. Because if I'm going to sacrifice, if I'm going to give up things. I love for something I love more, I better be clear on why I'm doing it. Jean Kittson: It's really never too late. I mean, that's the point. There's no, what I'm getting from both of you with the science and the experience, there's no expiry date on pushing ourselves, challenging ourselves. And certainly it'll give us an expiry date if we don't maintain our curiosity and if we don't go out there and, and be true to ourselves. So I feel like we've just had the most amazing therapy session. I’ve really valued your experience and your expertise, both of you. And thank you for talking, speaking with us all today. Is there anything else you would like to say to add to this, something for the listeners… Is there anything that you would like to say? Layne Beachley: One last thing I'd like to say, one last piece of advice would be don't let the old person creep in. Jean Kittson: Yes. That's such a great expression. I love that expression. Roy Sugarman: I saw a video of a 95-year-old choreographer from New York. She said, if you give old age an inch, it takes all of you. And then they said to her, when you're gonna retire, she says, when it's a non-shockable rhythm. Jean Kittson: That's fantastic. That's really fantastic. Roy Sugarman: So thank you so much for having me. Certainly. And Jean Kittson: Thank you. Layne Beachley: Thank you Roy Roy Sugarman: Fantastic to have you, Layne. Jean Kittson: Thank you Dr. Roy Sugarman, and thank you Layne Beachley. Layne Beachley: Thank you, Jane Kittson. Jean Kittson: Thank you to this week's guests, Layne Beachley and Dr Roy Sugarman. You've been listening to DARE: The time of your life, brought to you by Australian seniors. Please leave a review and share this show with someone you know. Visit seniors.com.au/podcast for more episodes. May your life be DARING. I'm Jean Kittson.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Series 7: Better With AgeToo often ageing is painted as decline. In reality, Australians are living longer, healthier lives and reshaping what “older” looks like. This series flips the script and shows how ageing is not a dirty word but rather a time to be embraced, featuring interviews with extraordinary over 50s refusing to slip quietly into the background. The podcast is available at seniors.com.au/podcast or Watch DARE: The Time of Your Life on YouTube Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Apple Podcasts Listen to DARE: The Time of Your Life on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Myrtle & PineSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

After life The question of the afterlife fascinates us all, whether shaped by science, spirituality or something in between. In this episode, we explore what happens at the end of life, and what might follow, in a conversation with psychic medium Debbie Malone and science writer and journalist Bianca Nogrady. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. From vivid, near-death experiences to the quiet moments before death, this episode looks at how people make sense of the unknown. You’ll hear how psychic mediums describe receiving messages from those who’ve passed, what it feels like to come back from the brink, and how the scientific community approaches questions of consciousness, the soul, and what defines the moment of death. Debbie Malone is one of Australia’s most recognised psychic mediums, with over three decades of experience connecting people to their loved ones in spirit. As a medium, author and spiritual teacher, she works with individuals and audiences seeking comfort and closure, and has also assisted police on high-profile investigations involving missing persons and unsolved crimes. Bianca Nogrady is a journalist, author and science communicator who has spent more than a decade writing about death, dying and what it means to be mortal. Her book The End: The Human Experience of Death explores how cultures, clinicians, and individuals confront the reality of dying, and what we can learn from it. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency -- Disclaimer: Please be advised that this episode contains discussions about death, which may be triggering or upsetting for some listeners. Listener discretion is advised. If you are struggling with the loss of a loved one, please know that you are not alone and there are resources available. For additional support please contact Lifeline on 131 114 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636. TRANSCRIPT: S06EP07 After life James: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming. I'm James Valentine and this season we're talking about death. In this episode, well, this is a debate that's been going ever since we were alive. What happens after we die? No matter your religion or spiritual beliefs, the question of the afterlife fascinates us all. James: With the help of my guests, I'll explore everything we know, or perhaps don't quite know, about it from both a spiritual and scientific perspective. Bianca Nogrady is an award winning science journalist and the author of The End, The Human Experience of Death, and Debbie Malone is a psychic medium who felt a spiritual awakening after a series of near-death experiences. James: Bianca, Debbie, welcome to Life's Booming. So, Debbie, this starts with you. You've had a lot of near-death experiences. Debbie: Yes, I have. I had one at three and 13, then I had some, had another two in my early 20s. And then I had a miscarriage and then I woke up and started seeing murders and it was the backpacker murders, [that] was the first thing that I actually saw. James: What do you mean by seeing them? Debbie: I was becoming a victim and I was being, you know, I was being attacked and murdered, in visions and dreams. At the time the backpacker murders was a really big thing on the news and I just thought I was watching TV too much. And then I started to see things before they happened on the news. I used to work at Fairfax community newspapers and I kept seeing all of these different visions and I spoke to one of the journalists and he said, why don't we do a story about you and just see what happens. And then it ended up, Ivan Milat's girlfriend, Chalinda Hughes contacted the newspaper and wanted to make contact. And I ended up, consequently, working on the case with the taskforce for quite a few, quite a few years. James: Right. I feel I'm automatically going to go a bit glib, but you mean they go, okay, so Debbie, what's happened? What can we expect this weekend? Debbie: Yeah. And it's, and it's funny cause it's not like that. Because it's, and me being the sceptic, all I wanted to do was to shut it down. I didn't want to do anything, have anything to do with it. I'd never had a reading. I didn't, you know, have tarot cards or anything like that. And when it started to happen, at first the police were quite sceptical and I had to speak to a few different officers and then they just said, just keep a diary. And they said, don't think about what you see, just write it down, put a date down. And when I had enough information, I would send it through to them. I can't say that I have solved cases, it's more like I'm a profiler. So I can see, I can describe things. And the thing is with, when it comes through, it can be the past, it can be the present, or it can be the future. So it's like pieces of a puzzle. It's almost like playing charades in a way. So you're hearing things and seeing things and you try and work it out. James: So police weren't sceptical of this. Debbie: Oh, some were, some were. And yeah, I've had some challenging experiences with them, but I've had some incredible officers that I've worked with, you know, during the time as well. And I just thought once I did something with the backpacker murders, it would all go away and I wouldn't have to deal with it anymore. I kind of thought that would be it. James: And by all go away, you mean the kind of visions you were having or you, you were getting a sense of, of… Are you, in this sense, are you someone who's seeing the future or are you someone who's seeing glimpses of the afterlife or something like that? Debbie: All of it. So the victims were coming to me, the two English girls were coming to me, and one of the visions was I could see somebody walking them into the forest, but I couldn't see who he was because I was seeing through his eyes. So they were walking away from me and they were kind of pleading with me to help them and then it would stop and then I would get a wall full of Polaroid images. And then it ended up, most of the images of the Polaroids were the other victims. But at the time, I didn't know. It was only later on when the case, you know, became solved – and some of those faces still haven't been, they haven't been linked to the case, so I think there's so many more. James: So going back to your near-death experiences. What did you see when that happened? What was your near-death experience? Debbie: My most vivid one, when I was 34, I had to have a major operation and I told the doctors that I was going to die and they thought I was being stupid. And I said about the anesthetic and they didn't believe me. Anyway, when I went through, I woke up after the operation and I was in a higher dependency, but they put me on a morphine drip and I didn't know I was allergic to morphine. So they kept telling me to, you know, push the button. And when I did, I ended up having a lot of really horrible visions to start with, but then I went through to this beautiful place. It was like, it was like a rollercoaster. Like, I love the night sky, and it was like I went up, I felt like I was an astronaut without a craft and I just could see the universe and I felt very calm. And then it was a lot of movement. The movie Contact for me is very close to my experience. And then I suddenly went into like, I would call it like a black hole. Cause I kind of feel like it was a vortex and I got sucked into it. But then, the movement was getting faster and faster, it's a bit like being on a rollercoaster. And then I landed in this meadow and everything seemed more colorful than it is here. And the stupid part about it, there was a privet hedge, I remember that. And it was about this tall, and there's this, like this little gate and there were people in front of me and they all went ahead, and then there's people on the other side and they all seemed so happy and you know, it just seems so beautiful and just, I felt so loved and peaceful. Then I got to my turn to go through the little gate and they said, no, you can't. And I'm a bit like, you know, I'm not the person that pushes in at the deli line. So it's like, you know, it's my turn. I want to go through. And they said, no, no, no, you can't, turn around. So I turned around and it was like, I was up in the sky, and I could see my – it makes me cry nearly every time I talk about it – I could see down that my one-year-old daughter was in my husband's arm, my three-year-old son was beside him and my seven-year-old was there, and the two boys are saying, where's mummy, where's mummy, and he said, mummy's not coming back, mummy's in heaven now. And then suddenly I fell back down and I'm back into the hospital room and the nurse is shaking me and they're pulling the morphine drip out. And she said, what are you doing? And I said, Oh, you know, I'm going to the light. And she said, not on my shift, it's too much paperwork. [laughter] James: Oh, the New South Wales public health system, it'll fix you up at any time. When you did your book, Bianca, did you do, did you talk to people with near-death experience or did you cover that area? Bianca: I did. I mean, the aim of my book was really to take, to kind of explore right up to the moment of death, but not beyond because I felt that my skills did not equip me to assess that in any kind of, in any form. But obviously people with near-death experiences did talk to me and also people who had talked to people with near-death experiences. Because one thing that really struck me with any time I hear stories like that is the people who've had them seem to lose their fear of death. You know, I think we all carry this fear of death in us. And I think it motivates a lot of what we do, but it, you know, I remember one woman just saying it was just so beautiful; I'm not scared, I'm just not scared of it anymore. James: Did you hear any, did people say the kind of detail that Debbie's describing there? I've never heard that. I've heard the light or that sort of thing, or feeling. I've never heard of such detail. Bianca: There was actually a study that was done that looked at a whole range of near-death experiences and tried to, I guess, classify some of the common elements to them and they sort of, that idea of there's a journeying, you know, it's a tunnel, it's driving down a road, maybe a rollercoaster, that there are, there's a journeying process and then there's a decision point. And at that decision point or junction, there is a sense that what is beyond is wonderful, that it's extraordinary and I want to be there. But then, either somebody says to them, no, it's not your time, there's something that turns them back. And I can't remember whether it's ever something that people, someone makes a conscious decision not to. From memory, people want to go forward, but someone else says, no, this is not your time. And, so, there's a pattern to those experiences, but in terms of the individual things, like I remember, one of the stories was a young soldier in world war… one of the major world wars, you know, who thought he was walking with his friends and then his friends just all kind of, he was just walking down this road and his friends just gradually disappeared. And, and then I think there was a point where someone said, no soldier, you've got to stop, go back. And so, you know, we bring to it our own circumstance, context, to it. But those features are common in all of them. James: But always good? Always in a sense of like going towards something good. This is going to be fine? Bianca: Well, it's interesting because there is a very small, very small, percentage of people who have horrific experiences, terrifying, terrifying experiences. I didn't hear of any of those stories, I don't know if you've encountered those… Debbie: Yeah, I have heard of that. Sometimes it's like they feel that, that movie What Dreams May Come, that Robin Williams was in, that kind of thing – kind of being stuck or earthbound, because a lot of the time when it's, sometimes it's someone who's tried to suicide and that they weren't, they weren't successful. James: I wonder if the, the near-death experience is a cultural thing. Like, did you look at that at all? Is it, is that… along the ways in which we talk about it seem to me very Western and almost very English, you know, like we talk about that sort of tradition. What do the South Americans do? What are the, what do the Germans do? Bianca: I think it is a cross-cultural phenomenon that, I mean, there's even, I think the earliest record of a near death, or what we think is a record of a near-death experience is actually from ancient Greece, and it was a description of a warrior. I don't know if there has been any kind of cross-cultural comparisons around near-death experiences. It would be really interesting. But I think what seems to come out is that it is very unique to that individual, what that experience is in terms of what the, what form the journey takes. James: You said Bianca, your book was, you know, I wanted to do up to death. What did you decide death was? Bianca: Well, that's a very good question because we don't actually, the definition of death is contested. And it is culturally specific. There are whole conferences that are held, still, on how we define death, and it's incredibly difficult. And the thing is, we don't need to define death unless we are wanting to donate organs. That's essentially the main reason we need a definition of death. We need a legal definition of death, so that if somebody is an organ donor, we know that removing their organs is not actually killing them. But it's incredibly complex. It's around the notion of when your heart stops, are you dead? But if your heart stops, we can restart your heart. If you stop breathing, we can re-, we can ventilate you. If your brain stops, how do we measure what brain activity, what's the difference between someone, for example, who's in [an] incredibly deep coma versus someone who might be what we now term as brain dead. And again, those definitions differ in different countries. I mean, again, if there's no time pressure, such as there would be with something like organ donation, then we do have the luxury of time to be able to wait. But there have been numerous cases where – there was one case in fact, where a surgeon was facing manslaughter charges because [of] a dispute over whether the person was in fact dead when he began to remove the organs. And it has very specific applications. There's been legal cases around brain death where two people were involved, a husband and wife involved in a car accident, who died first because that had implications in terms of the inheritance. And so there have been very complicated cases. And I mean, we talk about, well, brain death, well, loss of activity in the brain. But there is a state of, for lack of a better word, chronic brain death where people… The longest, I think, was somebody who literally survived for a decade and a half, a child who, I think they suffered meningitis, but they were kept on life support, breathing, they went through puberty. And then when they finally decided, we're not going to treat, or the decision was made to cease treatment for pneumonia, for example, which I guess is, you know, usually a common cause of death at that state. And when the autopsy was performed, and sorry this is a little bit brutal, but the brain was essentially calcified. So this, this individual was by legal definitions alive, up until that point, but you know, were they there? What had departed from that person? James: If the brain is the seed of consciousness, then they could not have been conscious, but then is the brain the seed of consciousness? You know, like all sorts of questions there. What do you think death is, Debbie, what's death? Debbie: Yeah, it's a hard one because I do believe there is life after, I suppose, the death is the death of the body, but I don't think it's the death of the soul. And I find that that's the thing that lives on and even you can measure it like when you make contact sometimes with spirit, they were an electromagnetic frequency. So EMF testers that you'd use to test a microwave will actually indicate when there's a spirit in the room, you know. But, when you're talking about transplants, another thing that I was thinking, I've done readings for people, like a lady who'd had a transplant. So she ended up, she was in a coma, but she had had a transplant from a young man, and it was a lung transplant, I think. And then she was in a coma and her mum came to see me, to see if like… because when people are in a coma, I can communicate with them even though they are still physically alive. And what was interesting, the person from the transplant came through the reading at the same time as the person who was the recipient. So it's, and you think, well, he's passed away, but he's living on through her. That, you know, but then he gave life to her to extend her life. So… Bianca: …I find that fascinating… Debbie: … that's even like, I suppose that's a whole other story. James: Well then. What's the, what's the soul? What's this soul thing that's then hanging around? Where is it hanging around? What is it? Debbie: What does it do? James: …Do you think there's a reincarnation? Debbie: Yes. James: Like what, what are you, what are you, what is, you seem to have gleaned a lot of information from the afterlife – let us know what's going on! Debbie: Oh, look, I definitely do feel that we, that we do live on. And I'm… One of the things that I do is called psychometry. So from holding or touching something, it's like I can, I can see through my hands, kind of thing. So you can touch an inanimate object, like a piece of jewellery. You can use clothing, but we tend to wash it. But say I went to Scotland and touched the sacred stones and I could see back into the past by touching that or just being in a historical site. And a lot of people might go to say a battle site or something, and they will feel that energy of sadness or, you know, or it might be a happy place, but you know, we tend to, we feel that. So I do feel that that energy does exist. But from my own personal experience, I did, you know, I've had past-life experiences, and one thing I did, I've been under hypnosis quite a lot of times with the police, but I did it to contact someone for a case, but it ended up, it took me back. So I had a past life and it was, I think unless I had my own proof, I would think, you know, I need to see-it-to-believe-it kind of thing. You know, I have seen things happen and even like children coming through and they know all about their great grandfather who they got their middle name or something so they can talk about them. James: Bianca, you're a science writer, you know, you edit science journals. Science, you know – Debbie, you know, this is just rubbish? Is there, is there, is there much science around this? Do scientists tend to just, you know, poo-poo this stuff? Bianca: It's funny. I always think of that, is it that line from Hamlet, there are greater things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in your philosophy. And even though I, you know, I come from a very, I guess, Western scientific paradigm, both of my parents were doctors, I do also, you know, I would define myself as agnostic. I do have a sense that there is something greater than what we, you know, what exists in this mortal sphere that we find ourselves in. And in some ways, I don't know that it's the place of science to explore that. I think, I mean, certainly with the existing knowledge and technologies we have. We have no way of necessarily studying this. I mean, what we can do, you know, when we talk about near-death experiences… and, you know, I know that there's been studies looking at using, for example, functional magnetic resonance imaging, which is a kind of imaging where you can look at blood flow in the brain; you can look at areas of brain activity. The problem is, you know, that'd be great to study someone having a near-death experience, but how do you get those unique circumstances to happen? James: Yes. Can you have one at 10am tomorrow! Bianca: How do we schedule one? I mean, you know, maybe you could put someone into an induced coma, but I mean, there's obviously ethical challenges with doing that. There are… We do understand there are parts of the brain that, when kind of stimulated, can generate these kind of ‘sense of the numinous’, a sense of a feeling of other worldliness that our, you know… I mean, we are experiencing these things in this body, there will be things that are going on in our brain, that contribute to those emotions that contribute to those sensations. But whether we can say this is, whether I can say, I don't know, personally, this is purely a function of electrical impulses and neurotransmitters? I can't say that. I can't say yes or no. And I don't think science has the capacity to say yes or no. I think because so much of this is belief, it is faith, which is not to say that it doesn't exist in the same way that, you know, just because someone is mentally ill, that doesn't mean that it's not real. It is real. It is real in every facet that would define realness just because we can't measure it, doesn't mean it's not real. But at the moment we can't measure it. James: But Debbie, like you said a couple of times, you know, you can use electromagnetic something or another to measure presence and you can take photos and stuff. You would say actually there is science or there is evidence. Debbie: Yeah, there is, I think. James: What's that evidence? Debbie: Yeah, well, getting the images, I think that's part of it, but I also see when some of it's the communication with the other side, and the proof of what that person in spirit will come through and say that someone like myself wouldn't know that I can relay that to someone, you know. James: Give me an example, what happened? Debbie: I have a client that I've seen quite a number of times now. He came to see me about his father and he had this little toy bulldog that his dad had given him when he was a little boy. And the whole time, I didn't know about the dad, I just said, you know, I'm seeing your dad and your dad had a heart attack and he's really worried about you. And he said, Oh yeah, you're going deep sea fishing or going fishing soon, but he's telling me you can't go. And he said, I don't know, I don't know what you're talking about. I said, he's telling me there's something wrong with your heart. And I could suddenly see into his heart and I could see there was these three blockages. So there was two on the front, one in the back. And I don't propose to be a medical person at all, but I was just relaying what I saw. And I said, have you been having any heart problems? He said, no, no, I'm all good – and his wife's a nurse. And I said, look, your dad just wants you to get checked out. And his dad had died of a heart attack. Anyway, I must've said it to him about 20 times in the reading. He says, Oh, for goodness sakes, you just stop it. And then he rang me a week later and he said, well, I humored you. And he said, I'm not going on the fishing trip now. I'm in hospital. And they gave him three stints. And one of the blockages was the Widowmaker. And so his father had come from the other side to save his son, you know, and a few times now he sort of said, Oh, have I got any blockages? And another time I'd seen two more and he's, he had two more subsequently. But, yeah, it's funny. If they were nice before they pass, they can be nice when they go to the other side, but other times they can be horrible. Like, you know, I had a lady who suffered really badly with fibromyalgia. And her mother came through, through in the reading, and she said, I don't want her here. I hate my mother. She's horrible, make her go away. And I said, well, you brought her with you. I can't. And anyway, the mother just kept persisting. And I said, look, just listen to what I have to say, she wants to tell you she's sorry and acknowledges how unpleasant she was to you. And you do what you want to do with it, but you know, I'm just going to pass the message on and then maybe she'll be quiet. Anyway, I told her the message and I saw her about a month later, I ran into her at Cronulla, and she said, you won't believe, since I had that reading, I haven't been sick. And she said, I'm finally well. And I said, well, maybe all of that stress was, you know, affecting your health. Bianca: It's interesting because fibromyalgia, there's much higher incidents in people who've experienced childhood abuse. James: Oh! Debbie: Oh well, there you go. James: Yeah. Bianca: Yeah. James: It's not. All the time, as you walk down the street, as you're driving the car? Debbie: Yeah, sometimes. Sometimes, you know, those roadside memorials can be quite challenging because the person's still standing there, you know, and I think that… Bianca: …that’s very Sixth Sense! Debbie: … so yeah, that can make it hard or you can go into an historical location and you know, you might see someone hanging in from the ceiling and things like that. So people think it's all rosy and fun and happy; it's always pretty busy. Bianca: That's the thing, isn't it? We so desperately want to communicate… Debbie: …we do… Bianca: …with the people we've lost. Like, it's such a deep-seated need. I don't think there's anybody that wouldn't want, couldn't think of someone that they would want to just say, I miss you. I love you. You know, what should I do? It's incredible. Debbie: Yeah. And I think, I think the thing is we always, we all want proof. We all hope there's something more. It's just, it's a hard thing because unless you have your own experience, I'm not someone who wants to change everybody's mind. I think you need to have your own experience so that you have your own understanding and then you make your own decision. James: If there's a spectrum of sensitivity in this kind of way, then you're at one end, I am at the other. Like, I am zero for any sense of spirituality, other sideness, afterlife, nothing. Like I am just zero. Where would you sit, Bianca? Bianca: Um, well, it's hard to know how much is wishful thinking, for me. I mean, I didn't grow up in a religious household, I don't subscribe to any religion. As I said, agnostic. I think I would like to think… James: Have you ever had any moment? Like I have never had a single moment that says to me either, there's God, or there's anything, or there's any spirit, which doesn't mean I'm skeptical of your experience. Like, there's lots of other things I haven't experienced either, you know what I mean? Like, I've grown old enough to understand that! But it's like, I'm fascinated by you, to be quivering like a reed in the wind, but this sort of thing, where I'm just sort of, I'm just a buried stump. Bianca: You're a brick! I have never had any experience that I couldn't explain as being merely a product of my emotions and wishful thinking. You know, I had two wonderful grandmas who were both very different and who I adored and I like to think, you know, there are some moments that I've had where, you know, I've been really upset by something and I sort of, you know, I like to feel that they're there. I draw comfort from the sense of them not watching over me – because that just sounds gross – but just, you know, they are there. And, you know, I was talking to my son about this last night and, you know, when people die, my view is when people die, they live on in us. I mean, it's so trite, it's so Hollywood, but they do, you know, I think often about my two, my Onya and my Nan, you know, I imagine what they would think of my kids who they never met, for example, or what, you know, what they would do in this situation. So they're very much alive in some way, in my heart – God, it sounds like I'm writing a film; it's a Hallmark card – but it's, yeah, I would say there is nothing I have ever experienced that would be anything like what you experience. And again, I'm not to say that those things aren't real. It's again, not been my experience that wasn't just a function of love and grief. James: Writing a book on death. How has that left you? How's that, how's that altered your feelings about death? What is your relationship to death now? Bianca: It made me less afraid of dying, in the sense of it being an end of life. I mean, who knows how it will happen, but it made me less frightened of what that's going to be like. Because that was initially what prompted the book, I was with my nan about half an hour before she died and she was clearly dying, she wasn't, she was unconscious. And you know, I was in the room with my cousins and sort of left there thinking, I wonder what that was like for her. What is she going through? Was she in pain? Could she hear us? So really the book was an attempt to answer those questions. So having done that, there were many aspects that I think, yeah, you know, it's probably not the most fun thing. I think there was one palliative care doctor who said, look, it's probably like the worst flu and hangover you've ever experienced. Well, you know what? I've had the flu and I've had some pretty horrendous hangovers. So if that's it, I can deal with that. I think for me, the fear around death is leaving my children and my husband. And I know that they would go on and be fine, they would cope, but it's the idea of them growing up without me and me not being there when they grow up, that scares me. But you know, they're getting older and I sort of, I'm more of the view that, okay, you know what? If I was to depart for whatever reason at this point in my life, I know they’d be okay. And so the fear for me is lessening as I get older. And I've had a good life. So, you know, I see that with my dad, he's had a good life, he's outlived a whole lot of, you know, his historical ancestors, and he's got a great kind of collection of kids and grandkids. So, yeah, I think I am content with my life. So it holds fewer fears for me now. James: What's your relationship to death, Debbie? Debbie: I'm not frightened at all to pass, but I think the most important thing for me is to create memories while I'm here, because I believe that we leave our memories behind with our loved ones, and then we also take them with us when we go to the other side. You know, and I think it's nice to have those thoughts. And you know, we do have these experiences with our loved ones around us. We have them every day and a lot of us take it for granted. We've got the six, I'm sorry, we've got eight psychic senses, but we've got the five normal senses, but they actually work and coincide with it. And there's one called ‘clairalience’, where we smell things. So sometimes you might smell grandma's perfume or you might smell someone's smoke, and there's no one around, and you go, that's my imagination. But that's actually one of the psychic ‘clairs’. You know, we can have ‘clair’ touch, when we touch something, and we feel something from it. You might be touching grandma's watch or, you know, and we get a memory from that. You know, the smells, the sounds – we get sounds through the music or their voices. Or you have visions, there's so many different things. And we get it in our hearts. So clairempathy and clairsentience, those gut feelings that something's wrong. When you were talking to me before and asking me, was there anything there, there was a big whoosh of sort of cold energy that sort of appeared in the room, and then it's gone again James: That’d be me! Debbie: [laughter] But I think, for me, I'm not frightened of death. I'm the same as you; it's leaving your children behind and knowing they'll be all right, but also wanting them to know, we want them to know that our love lives on. I think that's the important thing and how loved they are. James: Could you die tomorrow? Debbie: Yeah, I could. Yeah, I had a really, the last really big near-death experience was in 2018. I was falsely diagnosed with carcinoid lymphoma and I was told I probably only had six months to live. And I was going through all the tests, getting, you know, lung washes and, you know, gastroscopes to see where the cancer had been. And then finally they gave me a PET scan and I didn't know… I'm allergic to a lot of things. Anyway, I had the PET, had the injection, was fine. They stuck me in a dark room. Next thing you know, I felt myself coming out of the chair, went above the earth and it was like, again, I was above the earth. So it seems to be for me, that's part of the story. But then I felt these like angelic beings around me and they kind of calm me down cause I could feel my heart going. Because after the injection, I could feel the burning go from my arm up into my brain, I felt my brain was on fire, went to my feet and then came back, and I just thought, I'm going, and I just thought, this is it. And then a nurse came in because they put me in a dark room, just left me. And then, I rang the buzzer, no one came. Anyway, the nurse came in and said, are you all right? And I said, no. And she said, just drink this. And she walked off and I was like, oh, okay. Then they put me in and I had the CAT scan and the guy was – cause they'd rushed me in, so I was a late Friday night one – and the guy sort of had a go at me afterwards. And he says, well, that was a waste of time. You've wasted my time. And I was like. What? And he says, there's nothing wrong with you. What are you here for? And it was like, it was just really weird. And then he sort of turned everything off and I had to find my way down three floors because I couldn't see properly because of the injection. And I was really sick for about three weeks and couldn't see properly. And then after that, it all came back normal. So I don't know what happened, but I'm pretty grateful for that. But yeah, I figure I might only have two more goes like a cat, so I'm just going to make the most of what I've got! Bianca: Yeah, yeah. James: Probably wise, yeah. Try and land on your paws. What a fascinating conversation. I'm very hopeful that all of us, you know, are not going to die tomorrow, or anywhere soon, anytime soon. But yeah, fantastic to investigate all of this with you. And thank you so much for being part of Life's Booming. Bianca and Debbie: Thanks for having us… for having us on. James: Thanks to our guests, Bianca Nogrady and Debbie Malone. You've been listening to season six of Life's Booming, Dying to Know, brought to you by Australian Seniors. Please, leave a review or tell someone about it. Head to seniors.com.au/podcast for more episodes. May your life, and your afterlife, be booming. I'm James Valentine. ENDSSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

LIFE’S BOOMING SERIES 6: Dying to Know Episode 6: Finding the funny side Many of us are embracing more humour following the death of a loved one. But how do we make space for laughter without feeling like we’re getting it wrong? Comedian Michelle Brasier and grief counsellor Marianne Bowdler share their experiences. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. In this episode, we explore the psychology behind our fear of death and how humour can help us face it. From heartfelt eulogies that land a laugh to finding the line between lightness and respect, we look at how Australians are using comedy to cope, connect and heal. Michelle Brasier is an award-winning comedian, writer and performer known for her sharp wit, musical talent and deeply personal storytelling. After losing both her father and brother to cancer, Michelle channelled her grief into her stage show Average Bear (on ABC iview), and book My Brother's Ashes are in a Sandwich Bag, which blend humour, vulnerability and hope. Marianne Bowdler is the clinical services manager at Griefline, where she supports Australians experiencing grief, loss and trauma. She draws on years of experience to explain how laughter, when used thoughtfully, can offer relief, connection and healing. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency -- Disclaimer: Please be advised that this episode contains discussions about death, which may be triggering or upsetting for some listeners. Listener discretion is advised. If you are struggling with the loss of a loved one, please know that you are not alone and there are resources available. For additional support please contact Lifeline on 131 114 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636. TRANSCRIPT: S06EP06 Finding the funny side James: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming. I'm James Valentine and this season we're talking about death, but it's not all doom and gloom. On this episode we're going to embrace the funny side of grief. Forty-seven percent of the over 50s want to embrace more humor following the death of a loved one, according to an Australian senior's cost of death report. Helping us navigate this somewhat confusing terrain are two women who've built their careers around talking about death in very different ways. Marianne Bowdler is a grief counsellor and clinical services manager at Griefline, who's worked extensively supporting marginalised communities through bereavement, attachment and loss. And Michelle Brasier is a comedian, writer and actor. Her frank and fearless brand of cabaret comedy has never made death funnier and has taken her all the way to Broadway. Marianne, Michelle, welcome to Life's Booming. James: What's Griefline? Who calls? Marianne: Griefline, we interpret grief very broadly. So grief is any response to a loss. So we lose lots of things, don't we? Might be, you see a house flooding down the river after a flood, could be redundancy, could be bankruptcy, might've lost your keys, the dog might've gone missing, so anything. James: Do people think to call you in that sort of thing? Marianne: More and more they do, more and more, and also ecological grief, which is that kind of nostalgia that we have for how the climate used to be. Michelle: Oh no. Right. Yeah, right. Marianne: And the landscape that was. And the beach that used to be at Byron. James: Yeah, so it's sort of an existential grief. Marianne: Grief is existential. James: Yeah, yeah. And then what, what can you offer? What happens when I call? Marianne: It's that annoying concept, isn't it? We hold space. It's about listening without judgment. And it's about enabling people to actually shine a torch into the darkness of the sorrow and the anguish that they might be experiencing. James: Yeah. Marianne: I mean, I think a lot of times you might be a young mom and you can't really be grieving because you've got to look after the kids. There's lots of times when you can't express your grief and it's quite helpful to be able to talk to a neutral third party who can be supportive. James: Yeah. There'd be cultural issues as well in some cases. Yes. And who's on the end of the line, like who's listening? Marianne: Our lovely band of volunteers. Yeah. So we have hundreds of volunteers and oftentimes it's someone who's been through a significant grief experience and therefore they know what it's like and they want to support somebody else. Or it might be students who are trying to learn something a bit beyond psychology, a bit more about existential things. James: Yeah. Michelle: Hmm. James: Michelle, you know about grief? Michelle: I know about grief. I'm an old hat at grief for such a young dog. I, yeah, I talk about this publicly all the time, but to do a little recap, we talk about this all the time. You and I, but I, my father was diagnosed when I was 18, with cancer and he died a week later. And shortly after that, my brother was diagnosed with a similar cancer and he died a few months later. And, I am now… assumed Lynch syndrome, which is a genetic… what's the word I'm looking for? Mutation. Yeah. Predisposition. It's a predisposition, to certain types of cancers. and so I'm always being poked and prodded and things, and getting things, you know, cut out, and early intervention, which is really lovely, but it means that grief has become a good friend of mine. And I make shows about all kinds of things, but one of my most successful shows, that you can watch on ABC iView that became my book, is called Average Bear. And it's about, it's about grief, but it's also about hope. And I don't necessarily subscribe to the idea that grief is always a bad thing. And I think that it's a really wonderful way through something in a really wonderful way to honour something. So I try to make shows that are funny about things that are sad. James: Yeah. What did you even know of grief? I mean, there you are, 18, 19 years old. I mean, I'm thinking of 18, 19-year-old me. I wouldn't have had a clue. I would never even know what it was. Michelle: I didn't know anything. I mean, I hadn't, my nan had passed away, but she'd had Alzheimer's for my whole life. And she died when I was quite young, oo I didn't really have any experience of grief except the dog. And even the dog, I had been told had gone to the farm, classic. James: Right. Michelle:And I truly thought that the dog had gone to the farm until I was about 26. And I went, Oh no! [laughter] But yeah, so I hadn't really had any, any life experience of grief. I hadn't really had any life experience at all. I mean, of course, I think, you know, it really hit me in the face. I had just gotten out of hospital myself cause I'd been in a fire, and had had third degree burns and had to learn to walk again. And I was surrounded by a lot of grief there, but I didn't know it was right around the corner for me. I saw people lose people all the time. And I was, you know, starting to wise up that maybe the world wasn't quite so simple, but when I lost my dad so fast, grief became a very fast, you know, friend and a big element of my life and something I was so interested in, because my friends weren't going through it. It was very strange. I think when you're young and you lose somebody. If you are the first one in your friendship group, it can be really isolating or you can choose to, you know, oh yeah. Make it a place of fun. Marianne: It’s like you joined a club you didn't want to… Michelle: …the Dead Dad Club, as I call it. Yeah, yeah. James: Yeah, yeah. But you had no prep for it. I mean, it'd be something if you had cancer for a few years.. Michelle:…Yeah. James: You know, you'd, you'd have a chance to talk to you your mother about it, everybody about it, start to realise this was going to happen. You know, it must have been just like some, it'd be like a disease itself, wouldn't it? Michelle: Well, it is. I mean, I think it just happens when it does happen so fast like that, it was an assault on the senses. And I have a chapter in my book that's called ‘the actual stages of grief’ because that's how I've experienced it. And I talk about how the world becomes small, like the world just closes in and you find yourself, you know, just assaulted by all these ideas and they don't feel real until you finally eat a piece of pizza again. And, you know, I think it, it was a really fast introduction into perspective and a really quick, life lesson in being curious and trying to open yourself up to as many experiences as you can because you don't know how long you have. And I mean, dad was just that, that was the canary in the coalmine. I didn't know it was going to lead to my brother and all the, you know, we didn't realise it was like a first domino. I was like, Oh, this is the bad thing that happens in my life. It didn't feel like a marker, but now it's very clear that that was the point where my life changed and continued to sort of tumble on down. But I'm still really grateful for, you know, the things that I've learned from grief and the way that I've learned to, to honour people. James: Yeah. Marianne, can we prepare for grief? I mean, is it something that, it should be something that's part of all of our lives that we think about what this might mean, or is it just something that you, you're going to have to experience it when it happens? Marianne: It's spectacularly unhelpful to say the dog's gone to the farm. James: Yes. [laughter] Michelle: Mum? Are you listening?! James: But I suppose that's not a bad place to start, is it? People often feel like having the guinea pig or the dog is a good way to teach children about death. Marianne: Exactly. And it's, how do you have those conversations? I think very little children are quite interested and curious about death because you find like a dead beetle or a dead bee and you're like: what is life that now has departed from this dead beetle or what have you. And it sort of disappears for a bit and then it comes back in the teenage years where you can get, you know, very emo and nihilistic and want to get skulls and crossbones tattooed. James: Grandma dies when you're a teenager. Marianne: …yeah… James: …That's not uncommon. That's about the age. Marianne: And I think it's more helpful now because we tend to take the children to the funeral. Whereas back in the day when children were really excluded from any of the processes around death, or even from going to visit grandma in hospital, we don't want your memory of her to be with all the tubes and what have you. And then it's just not real. And you try and explain to your young child and they're like, Yeah, yeah, I get it. I get it. But is she coming to my birthday? James: Yeah. Marianne: There's that sort of, you didn't quite get it. James: But I feel like that's, that's, that's learning about death, not necessarily about grief. Grief is what you're going to feel, that, you know, grief is the price we pay for love or grief is, you know, when you're still trying to love, but the person isn't there. Like those are the things you can't know that until it's your mum that dies or your wife that dies. Right. Marianne: Well, I think literature can help, we, you know, develop our empathy from reading, but really nothing prepares you till you go through it. Michelle: I think even the grief of losing a relationship can be really hard. Any grief, your first experience of grief, and I think it's just wonderful to have someone on the other side of it who can say, I went through it. Here's how it felt. Here's what the aftermath was like. Here's what it was like when all the flowers died and people stopped bringing lasagna and they forgot that I was grieving and they moved on. Here's what that pocket is like, and here's what it's like five years after. And here's what it's like 10 years after. And that's what I think the stories bring in value is going, Hey, it's fine. And here it is. And I survived and here's how. Day to day, here's how. I think that's really beautiful because I remember just going, how am I ever going to be okay? How is this going to be okay? And calling people that I knew that were older than me who had lost people and saying, can you just please tell me it's going to be okay and tell me why and tell me examples of how it's okay. Marianne: And then the only downside of that is that you can get this sort of narrative of this is the way to grieve. And then what we hear are many stories that people have different ways of grieving. James: Yeah. Marianne: Yeah. It's not, not everybody, like when I grieve, I kind of cry a river and then get a headache. James: Right. Marianne: Wish that weren't true, but that's, that's just it, but not everybody does that. James: Yeah. Yeah. Well, this was this, you know, Elizabeth Kübler Ross was very popular and talked about for many years with the seven stages of, of grieving, but there is no fixed… you might be angry for a minute, you might be angry for a week, you know, like there's nothing fixed about it, is it? The duration, neither the duration nor the order. Marianne: Exactly. And you might feel all the emotions all at the same time. James: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Michelle: Or none of them. Marianne: Or none of them. Michelle: And that's something that a lot of people don't talk about as well. James: Yeah. Michelle: You might feel just numb for quite a time, and that's okay. Like there's nothing wrong with that. It is, it is an interesting thing to go through, but such a beautiful and human thing. I mean, I love how we make meaning of things that aren't necessarily meaningful as, as people. And I think that's how we add value to our lives. And honour those who have died, but yeah… James: When you say that, what do you, do you mean we will make meaning out of; do you mean we're making meaning out of grief because grief is very meaningful, isn't it? Michelle: Well, just meaning out of the little things. So like taking control of your story, and I suppose this is my experience, but I always tell the story of my, when my father was dying and he had been diagnosed with cancer and I had just learned to walk again and got out of the hospital. And I had this feeling that I should go home to my country town where my dad lived. I was just like, I just feel like I should go. I feel like something's gone wrong because they'd said to us, there'll be another Christmas, which is another thing you go, okay, and that's a bargain. You go, okay, all right, great. I'll be at least another Christmas. And I had this feeling in the middle of the night that we weren't gonna get another Christmas, and then I, we weren't gonna get another 24 hours. And I got in the car and I drove, and my brother called me in the middle of the night and said, I've, you know, I've just gotten back to Wagga. We've booked you on the first flight. Dad's asking for you. He's not good. And I was like, you can cancel the flight, I'm in Albury, I'm an hour away. I just knew. And I'm not religious. I'm not, you know, I don't necessarily think I'm super spiritual or anything like that, but I make meaning where there is none in that I felt I had to be there. And so I was there. And when I say there is none, it's because I would have been on the first flight in the morning anyway, and I would have seen him and I would have got to say goodbye anyway. But there is so much beauty and poetry in driving through the night because I had a feeling and it could have meant nothing. It could, he could have not gone and he did. He went the next day. But that's where we put meaning, you know, as somebody who's not religious, I can see the value of religion and the value of faith and going, Well, I don't have necessarily religion or faith, but I have this meaning in stories, you know, it's that it's the meaning and then the humor that undercuts all that meaning. And I think that's what makes it human. And that's what makes it special. James: Yeah. Marianne, you know, perhaps we can only learn to grieve when it happens to us. We could learn, we could all learn to deal with other people's grief, right? As a society, are we well equipped with dealing with the grieving? Marianne: Kind of saying, no. James: Well, something we'll leave in question. Michelle: So polite of you. Marianne: Yes. Because our statutory bereavement leave is only two days. Michelle: Is it? Yeah. I don't have a real job, so I don't know these things. Marianne: Yeah. So that's not. Michelle: Two days? Marianne: Two days. And so workplaces struggle to know how to support people. We do trainings for like work, you know, how to support your colleagues, how to support the teammates, how to cope in the office. A lot of, there's a lot of interest because people just like, we don't know, we don't know how to support the team. James: So, you know, I'd struggle to know whether to say something or not. I didn't, probably don't want this mentioned in the workplace, but then I should have said something and then it's all too late. Michelle: But I don't think it's ever too late. And I think that it's the struggle that's about you. It's not about the person who's grieving and you can go to a person and just say, Hey, Would you like to talk about this, or would you like to leave it? That's not going to make a person cry, and if it is, they're so close to crying that they're going to cry anyway, and that's fine. There's nothing wrong with crying. We sort of want to just hold it. It's a Britishness in us, I think. We just want to hold these emotions in. I just think we can't treat people who are grieving, or who are dying for that matter, with cotton gloves, we can't, you know, and that's why I make these shows for people to come and laugh. And I have so many audience members who are actively dying and they come and they're like, tonight might be the night. Let's go. I was like, yes, like, let's have a laugh. If you only have 24 hours left, the least I can do is give you a laugh. Like, I think that we need to invite people into grief and into dying. And, you know, it's the problem with our society is that we go, Ooh, and, you know, people who are dying so often – and I'm sure maybe you even have this experience – but people get diagnosed with cancer and people just back off because they don't want to say the wrong thing. People aren't going to be upset with you for saying the wrong thing. They're going to be upset with you for disappearing in that tiny little period where they needed you the most. You'll get it wrong and that's fine. They'll tell you how to do it right. And you'll fix it like an adult, grow up. James: That is a fundamental thing, isn't it? We're too scared of getting it wrong. I'm sorry for your loss. Oh God. Was that terrible thing to say? Like maybe, maybe it is a terrible thing to say, but it's better than not saying anything. Marianne: Or, or in the workplace, where everybody's looking at the children's photos from the holiday and then the colleague whose child died. And the colleague will say, you know, I think about my child every moment of every day. It's not like you've done something to remind me. I'm fully aware. Michelle: Yeah. I know my kid is dead. Yeah. I don't need you to remind me. I know. It's okay. I already know. Marianne: And the best things you can just say is, I've got your back. James: Mm. But I suppose this is the kind of thing we could all help one another with, isn't it? Yeah. This, this could, we could be, we could all be a little more instructed in this. Marianne: And I think there were, perhaps if you look at the like English, Victorian tradition, it's like now they're wearing black. Now they've got a little bit of purple. Now they've got jet jewelry. There were all these signifiers that let us know how far, you know, how long ago the mourning process started, we don't know anything, we can't tell by looking at a person, what happened last week, what happened 10 years ago. Michelle: yeah. James: Does humor help? Marianne: Absolutely. We would look at the distress, if you're just going to go a bit sciencey, the distress that you experience in grief is called situational distress. You know, a thing happened, then you got distressed. And part of that would be a very low mood, for example. If you do nothing to break the low mood, that can run into depression and that can run into a major depressive But the best thing that will kind of, it doesn't take away the distress exactly, but it ruptures that, is comedy, is having a laugh, because it alleviates the mood, it alleviates the tension, you feel more connected and certainly in a comedy show, you just feel connected to everybody else in the room. Michelle:Yeah. James: And you, you went, I mean, you went to it – it is you, isn't it? I mean, I'm the same. I tend to talk in humor. You know, that's my tone. My predominant tone is to try and be funny. And so therefore, whatever happens, you know, I had cancer. I was automatically making jokes about it. I still do, you know. So you, but is it more than that? Is it more than just your way of speaking, your way of being? Michelle: I think it, yeah, I think it is, you know, that second nature. You can't, if you're a clown, you're a clown, you can't turn it off and you shouldn't turn it off unless you want to. But I also, back on the sciencey stuff, you know, there, there is such a similar physiological response that we have to crying as we do when we're laughing or when we're singing. It's just, it's our release, it's, you know, all this vagus nerve stuff, just getting it out. A release is so valuable. And if that release can be laughter, you're not going to get a headache, as quickly as you will with the, with the tears and show it, maybe it comes along with the tears and maybe they're, they need to be friends and they need to, you know, be together. Um, and you know… Marianne: …it's the catharsis Michelle: It's the catharsis and we need it as, as animals, we need it. So I think that's why it's so… James: It's also the truth as well. Like, I think, you know, some of the best laughs you'll have is at a funeral. Michelle: Oh my God, yeah. James: Because you will tell each other truths about the person and about your relationship to them, and somebody will start telling you a story and you'll go, Oh my God, they never told the story like that. You know, like… Michelle: …Yes, exactly. James:…All those sort of things. It's fantastic, you know. It's the, you know, humour is often truth telling. Michelle: And the reason it's so funny is because it breaks the tension of this wild ritual of funerals that we have, that is, it doesn't really suit us as a society. It's somebody speaking on a microphone that doesn't really work and they don't know how to use the microphone. They're making a speech. They're not a good speech writer. They shouldn't be making a speech. Somebody else should be making a speech. It's never going well. And that's kind of funny. My dad's funeral was excellent. He went, he'd made, we'd made this playlist of his favorite songs for him to be carried out of the church too. Unfortunately, there was like a bit of a mix up and that playlist didn't play when he was carried out of the church. It played as he was lowered into the ground in the cemetery, which would have been fine had the first song not been ‘Ring of Fire’ by Johnny Cash. And it was the funniest thing that's ever happened in my family was in hysterics. Everybody else taking it very seriously. Didn't know what to do. Didn't know how to touch it, trying to keep it away. But the rest of us, the ones who really, really knew him and really loved him were in there having a laugh because it was like, this is absurd. James: He would have loved it. Michelle: He would have loved it. And death is absurd. And so is life, and that's fine. You know, I think we just need to go gentle with ourselves and with the people that we're trying to help, but gentle with ourselves in our own approach to it, you know, let yourself have a laugh, you deserve it, it's hard. James: Yeah. I sometimes think that death is the ultimate joke because we, we live like it's never going to happen. So here’s, all of us live every single day as though we are never going to die. How do you think people react to you, you know, like, I'm thinking of, you know, ‘Lasagna won't bring back my dead dad’, your famous song about the fact that, you know, while grieving you'll get a lot of, a lot of lasagna. Michelle: Yeah. James: How do people react? Like, have you had people just go, this is too much, I can't, I can't deal with this. Michelle: I've never had that reaction. And I've done the show so many times, people have watched it on TV and I've never gotten a DM saying this is rude or this is wrong, you know, disrespectful. It's always the people in the show, like the people who have grieved that think it's the funniest. I even say after I do the song in the show, I say if somebody next to you is laughing quite loudly at that, I'd like you to turn to them and say sorry for your loss.. James: Yeah. Michelle: Because that's, you know, it is, it's universal. It's so universal. Yeah. so no, I've never had somebody complain about me not taking death seriously enough. James: Has it helped you? Michelle: Yeah! James: Yeah. Michelle: If I didn't have humor, if I took myself seriously, I would be terrified every moment. I'm already terrified. Look at the news. Yeah. You know. Marianne: Don't look at the news. Michelle: Yeah. Sorry. That was bad advice. Don't look at the news. but do vote well. but I just think, you know. I don't know who I would be if I, if I took things seriously, if I took myself seriously, I would have such a difficult time and I'm already stressed about every lump and bump. And you know, it's, it's really scary. I'm scared of dying, but it means that I think I live my life like I am going to die tomorrow. And I, that's the gift that I've been given by grief, but I also… James: …and by your own diagnosis, I mean, we should just emphasise that again, you are living with the threat that the same thing that happened to your brother and father can happen to you. Michelle: Yes, exactly. And I think knowing that – even though everyone could be hit by a bus tomorrow and it really doesn't make me any more likely than anyone else at the end of the day – but it's a gift, it's a gift, the gift of perspective of knowing that like, you're only here for a short time, so you might as well make it a good time. And that's true of anyone. It doesn't matter if you live to a hundred, it's probably still going to feel short. Well, if you're lucky it’ll feel short. James: But that's, I mean, we kind of know that, but we don't really live like that, do we Marianne? Marianne: We don't, but there's good reason to think that we should. In the world of grief literature, we talk about the loss of the assumptive world. James: The assumptive world. Marianne: The assumptive world. As a child, we assumed it would always be a Sunday afternoon and we'd go home and have Tim Tams. And everything would be the same day after day. And then the first time you sort of meet death, it's like the rug’s been pulled out from under you and you can't assume that anymore. And then suddenly you're unsafe and you panic. But I think what's a curious moment for all of us was the pandemic gave the whole world and everybody, we all collectively lost the assumptive world at the same time. So now we're sort of on shakier ground. but when we come back to just each and every one of us, yes, I think it's helpful to understand that we are mortal. James: Yeah. Marianne: And when you get your head around that. Then you can, I think, fully be present in the moment and enjoy things. James: But that's always what a lot of people will say about the pandemic years is perhaps, particularly that first year, particularly if you weren't in Melbourne, but particularly that first year was sort of like, isn't this great? We're all living this together. We are all now understanding that we're very mortal and can be threatened. Oh my Lord, our governments are all working together, but it almost seems it's like, as soon as we could get over that and forget all that, we did. Marianne: Yeah, we did. Michelle: You know, I think we just, we're looking for someone to blame. I mean, not to get into that sort of existential divided society crisis that we're in currently, don't look at the news, but, yeah, COVID was interesting to see how people reacted to it, and the grief. I talk about this in my book as well. I say, I was born at the end of history because I was a 90s kid and they were calling it the end of history. They were like, the war is done. The wars are done. We're done doing the wars. We're doing peace now. We're smarter than that. We've sorted it out and you can be whatever you want to be. And this is before we knew my generation wasn't going to be able to afford a house. And we really were promised… and it's why I've been successful in my career. Cause my parents were like, yeah, I guess you can do whatever you want now. That's what they're saying. And I was like, well, I believe you, which I'm lucky I did and sort of followed my nose to where I've gotten. But I think there is an enormous amount of collective grief in every generation, but I think it really, like, hits my generation very hard because we, we can't believe we were lied to, like, you know! And I think we were feeling that, and then COVID came and I think everyone sort of started to feel that, but I mean everyone's different, has their own set of circumstances and I'm speaking very generally, but it is difficult. Marianne: But across the board, anxiety went up, especially of your generation. And some people would think that what lies underneath all anxiety is death anxiety. Michelle: Yeah. Yeah. I think that's true. I think that's really true. It's definitely my main anxiety, you know. James: Yeah. You know, we've been talking about grief as, you know, it's, it's something I suppose we probably always sort of these sort of emotions as something that define us, define humanity. That's what makes us human. We've had all those stories of sort of like elephants grieving and things, haven't we? Marianne: Yeah, absolutely. Or, and you see it with your pets as well, they'll go searching for the person who's not there. Michelle: Yeah, you should let your dog sniff a dead person, or the other dead dog. You should do that so they know what's happened. James: Yeah, yeah. Marianne: And last year I read that blue tongued lizards grieve, which I'm still very touched by that. Michelle: It's beautiful. Marianne: Yeah. It was a lizard was trapped on a fence and died and the mate just stayed with it for I think three or four days. James: Wow. Yeah. Yeah. So everything does. Marianne: So not just mammals. James: Yeah, not just mammals, the cold-blooded ones do, too. Michelle: That's beautiful. Do you think mosquitoes are grieving? James: Oh, totally. Michelle: Got a lot to apologise for. James: Yeah, that's right. So, when you whack one, just go, sorry. Michelle: I know. I'm sorry. Sorry for your loss.. James: That's really sad. Marianne: That should cover it. Michelle: That should sort it. James: Marianne, thank you so much. Marianne: Thank you. Lovely conversation. Michelle, lovely. Thank you. Michelle: Thank you so much. James: Well, thanks to our guests, Marianne Bowdler and Michelle Brasier. You've been listening to season six of Life's Booming, Dying to Know, brought to you by Australian Seniors. Please leave a review or tell someone about it. Head to seniors.com.au/podcast for more episodes. May your life be booming. I'm James Valentine.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

With most people now preferring to focus on celebrating life rather than mourning at funerals, we explore the new ways people are choosing to commemorate loved ones, and hear first hand experience of what it's like to grieve in the public eye, with acclaimed author Blanche d’Alpuget, widow of former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke, and experienced funeral and life celebrant Evelyn Calaunan. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. Featuring interviews with famous faces as well as experts in the space, we uncover what they know about what we can expect. There are hard truths, surprising discoveries, tears and even laughs. Nothing about death is off the table. Blanche d’Alpuget is an acclaimed Australian author and the widow of former Prime Minister Bob Hawke. In this episode, Blanche reflects on public and private rituals of mourning, what it means to say goodbye well, and how grief reshapes us. Her latest novel, The Bunny Club (her first murder mystery), is out now. Evelyn Calaunan is a celebrant who has conducted more than 600 ceremonies, including living funerals that are heartfelt gatherings held before death to honour a life while the person is still present. Drawing on her background in palliative care and community work, Evelyn helps individuals and families create ceremonies that are deeply personal. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel -- Disclaimer: Please be advised that this episode contains discussions about death, which may be triggering or upsetting for some listeners. Listener discretion is advised. If you are struggling with the loss of a loved one, please know that you are not alone and there are resources available. For additional support please contact Lifeline on 131 114 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636. TRANSCRIPT: S06EP04 Going out with style James: Hi, I'm James Valentine. Welcome to Life's Booming. This season is Dying to Know. We're having the conversations that are often the hardest to have with people who've experienced life's one great certainty, death. It touches everyone, but how we honor our loved ones in death is changing, with most of us now preferring to focus on celebrating life rather than mourning at funerals. So in this episode, we explore some of the new ways people are choosing to commemorate life, as well as hearing first hand experience of what it's like to grieve in the public eye. Generously sharing their professional and personal stories are our guests. Evelyn Calaunan is an experienced celebrant who specialises in living funerals. And Blanche d’Alpuget is an acclaimed author and widow of former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke. Evelyn Blanche, welcome to Life's Booming. Blanche: Oh, thank you, James. James: Evelyn, you describe yourself as an end of life celebrant. What exactly does that mean? What do you mean by end of life celebrant? Evelyn: So I've done, I've done ceremonies, as well. I used to be a wedding celebrant and I've married a few couples where one of the partners was diagnosed with a terminal illness, so I would do the ceremony and that turned out to be sort of a life celebration and they just wanted to marry before one of them died. And then I've done a ceremony where the person was actually dying and we did it. The end of life sort of life celebration for him. And he passed away, I think, 10 days after, after the ceremony. That's why I think it's, it's best just to celebrate life now, like have those milestone birthdays or whatever birthday number you're turning and have a great party now - why wait till you have a diagnosis or a terminal illness that's looming? So it's important to have those, those celebrations now. However, in saying that, sometimes people are diagnosed and like, ‘Oh God, I didn't have that party. So I want to have something now.’ I did do a life celebration for my girlfriend who was diagnosed with cancer. And I did a little bit of a ceremony and a ritual and I shared a poem and I was getting a bit too sad for everybody there - cause we were really… It was like a 70s party, we were all dressed up and enjoying each other's company. And then after a while we could tell people were really getting upset because of her diagnosis. And then she came on the microphone. She said, ‘Okay, okay. That's enough, Evelyn, let's go on to karaoke’, you know, so, yeah, It turned out to be a lovely celebration and she wanted to invite people there from all parts of her life and just be able to have a good party with them while she was still feeling well. James: Yeah Yeah Evelyn: And I've done about 600 end of life ceremonies. James: It just sounds like 600 sounds like a lot Evelyn: Yeah, but in the context of 17 years, that's really not. James: I think the thing that struck me about that number was, does it get routine? Evelyn: Not really. I mean a lot of the script is or the script that I have – I mean, there's only so many ways you can say I'd like to welcome everyone here today. So I'll write a ceremony and I might say, ‘Oh, you know, Joe Blow leaves behind his loving sister’, and then the parents will come back and say, ‘Please take loving out, they couldn't stand each other!’ So, you know, there's a lot of adjectives that are changed because I kind of make my ceremonies quite flowery and people like to change that and make it more real. So yeah. James: Blanche, you had the experience of, in a way, one of the biggest funerals and biggest moments of public grief in Australian life, the death of Bob Hawke and the funeral and memorial service of Bob Hawke. How much did you and Bob plan those events together? Blanche: Not at all. No, no. That was all left up to me. James: Right. So you planned those events. So my understanding is Bob knew he was dying, right? You knew it was, say, a year before, that kind of thing, you knew it was, it would, it must have been coming. Blanche: Well, you don't know exactly when. When he started dying, it just fell like an axe. It was very sudden, out of the blue, we were having dinner. And he was in a bad way. He was in a lot of pain from peripheral neuropathy, so he was on morphine tablets and the fentanyl patches. Obviously it was going to be at some stage, but suddenly we're having dinner and we finished dinner and he got up from dinner and he actually went into the living room and actually threw up and he was in enormous pain, suddenly. And he got on the floor and said, ‘Oh, it's unbearable. The pain's unbearable’. And I said to him, ‘Yes, Bob, you're dying.’ And that was, so that was the beginning. James: How did he take that? Like, how did he take his death? So the, the imminence of his death? Blanche: Well, he'd said all along, I have no fear of death. And I used to think all along, wait until you get there. [laughter] It's one thing, not fearing death. It's another thing fearing dying, and dying can be difficult. Being born is difficult, life is difficult, and dying can be difficult too. But then I think it's wonderful, when you actually… Because I believe in the spirit and the soul, and I've seen enough of people dying to be convinced of it, there's an absolutely uplifting feeling as, as it goes, as it leaves the body. James: What did he believe, particularly at that point? Blanche: I sort of badgered him with my ideas for 25 years, so [laughter]. He'd started off an agnostic and he was still probably agnostic, but when he died, he wasn't. I mean, I could see it on his face. He didn't say, ‘Oh my God, I can, I see heaven’. But there was such a heavenly look on his face. As I saw on my mother's face. James: What do you see, Evelyn, the difference between, do you see a difference between those who are dying and have belief and faith and those who don’t. How does that express itself? How do you see it play out? Evelyn: What I've seen or what I've experienced talking to families is that that they could see at the end that they, if they were quite sick, cause I always ask, I always ask my families, how was it the last few days? And they always say to me, that, you know, just about a few days before they died, they had this really lucid moment where they sat up and we had a really good conversation. And, and then a few days later, they passed away. And another thing that I actually really would like to share is that most of the families, they get really upset if their person hasn't passed in front of them. They're waiting for that moment. But I have found in all of the many funerals I've done, I would say about 80%, if not more, the loved one usually passes away when someone will just go out to the toilet or go… I've had to explain that to families because they're, they're so upset. Like, ‘you know, I was sat there, I slept on, by the side, the side of the bed of my mother, and I was holding her hand and I, I just had to go to the toilet. I come back and she died on me’ - you know, but it's so common. James: Why are you nodding Blanche? You heard this a lot too. Blanche: Oh yes, it's very well known that because the loved one is hanging on emotionally, psychologically to the one who's dying. And so, the dying one can't leave, and that has to grab the moment. Do you agree with the Evelyn? Evelyn: Yeah I definitely agree with that, and I've heard the stories too many times to not discount that, and I think at the end of life, I think we just kind of resort to being kind of like cats or dogs – you know how they go to a corner to die. I think we kind of are like that as well. James: Yeah. Did you, were you there with when Bob died? Blanche: Yep. Holding his hand. I'd done a very foolish thing before. I'd spent all day lying down beside him, and he had pneumonia, he developed pneumonia. And I had an appointment with an acupuncturist and I went to see her. She took my pulse, which is the first thing you do with acupuncture, and she said, What have you been doing? And I said, I've been lying down with Bob, he's dying. She said, You've got no pulses. You'll die. She said, You've given him all your life energy and you must stop. And you can only hold his hand. You mustn't touch any more of his body than that. And indeed, while I was lying down beside him, his breathing improved, his color came back, he started – he was, had morphine, so I was in a morphine sleep – but he just started to look good. And as soon as I just moved away from him, he went back into pneumonia and dying. James: Yeah. Did you see the moment? Blanche: Yeah. Oh yes. James: What was that? Blanche: It was marvelous. It was… He gave a huge sigh, and then I felt the room was full of angels. It was very, very uplifting. It was very thrilling. And the same thing with my mother actually. I was with her when she died. And it was so exciting, I wanted to ring her up immediately and say, Hey mum, guess what I just saw? James: She probably knows. She probably knew. What kind of descriptions do you hear of the moment? Evelyn: Yeah, I hear the same as well, that when they finally took their last breath, they just looked so peaceful and they looked without pain. But in saying that, because I am, I do the funerals like, you know, a few days after they die, a lot of things happen at the funerals too, like, you know, birds brushing up against the window when you mention their name. Or, you know, light fluttering in when you're doing a reflection. I've witnessed a lot of that or even electrics going out during certain motions and then someone will ring out, ‘Oh, that's mum, she always wanted to make a big scene, you know.’ So I've witnessed a lot of that to know that there is something beautiful, you know, beautiful on the other side. And I feel when their body is still here on, on the, on the plane, like that time from when they die to when the funeral, I feel there's, their essence is really all around us. And some of the essence does come out at the funeral and some of the things people say… yeah, it's just beautiful. James: It's a fusion, I suppose, like I'm feeling a sense of a fusion of a, of a spirit and whatever that might be, but also our huge consciousness of them. You know, there's so much consciousness all the way, there's suddenly, you know, sometimes hundreds, thousands of people will be thinking about this person and remembering, you know, that, that's also a life force in some ways, isn't it? Blanche: Yes. I remember at Bob's, at the private funeral, I had no idea what I was going to say. And suddenly I looked in my handbag and there was a piece of paper with a poem on it. And there was exactly the right thing. I hadn't seen the poem before, but it was exactly the right thing to read in the circumstances. James: Had someone popped it in there, or? Blanche: No. James: Mmm. Blanche: Weird. James: Weird. Blanche: I'm weird. [laughter] James: I suppose I wondered about the experience of grief when it's going to be that public. And I do, there's a public funeral, but there was also, there's an immediate, sorry, private funeral, but there's also an immediate public thing you've got to deal with, with media and with the nation learning all that kind of thing. Blanche: That was a nightmare, a real nightmare. I think I probably had a thousand emails and texts, for starters. And I was really grieving, really, really upset. So I'd go up shopping and burst into tears over the cauliflowers. [laughter] I haven’t got anything against cauliflower. And I didn't have a moment, really, to grieve properly. I mean, I had the odd moments, but it was so busy, once he died because of who he was, and everybody wanting a slice of the salami, basically. James: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. How'd you handle it? Blanche: You just do James. When stuff gets thrown at you, you just handle it as best you can. Whether I did it well or ill, I don't know. James: And so then what, how did you handle your grief? Did you have to do that later? Blanche: Unfortunately. And I got… So the next year I got breast cancer. And I do think that was grief. James and Evelyn: Mm. Yeah. Blanche: He died in May, I moved out of the house in September, and I was diagnosed with breast cancer in February. James: Yeah. Yeah. That's too much, isn’t it Blanche: Well, it's life, you know, you just got to accept it. James: Because it seems sort of unimaginable, like just having to have so much to process, you've got a whole, there's a whole other complication… Blanche: …and people still come up to me. Almost six years later. And say, I wish he was still here. Yeah. That's quite common. Especially as we approach an election! [laughter] James: Well, yes, I could feel that too! And is that, is that a nice thing? Is it nice having, to be remembered like that? Blanche: Oh, yes, because it's all, it's always very civil and kind. Evelyn: And I think people feel like they know him, even though he wasn't, you know, their husband or father, they wanted a piece of him. And I think they wanted to fully grieve and honor his life. And that's why having that public funeral was very, was very necessary. Because I do think memorials, or anything, is necessary, even if you just for five minutes, it's like, let's just stop and think about whoever's past. We need that. We need that. And I've seen too often, in my… over the years, where a lady's past, was in her 80s, and what was going to be put in the coffin with her were ashes from her stillborn child. So she never did a ceremony for that. And I remember her husband was telling me, You know, she always talked about her stillborn. And they never knew what to do with the ashes. And so I think, if they would have had just a little bit of a ceremony honouring that child, or the stillbirth, that would have helped for them to go further. So we just need it, we just need moments to get together… James: Tell me more about why I think it's necessary. What, what, what is the… Because a lot of people will say this thing, ‘Look, cardboard box, put me out in the, put me out with the rubbish. You know, put me in the top paddock, let the crows have a go’, you know, like you get that sort of expression. But then you're, you know, what you're saying is it's very important, not even, not just for the person that's died, almost more for everybody else. Evelyn: I think funerals, end of life ceremonies, are really important for the people who are left behind. Like just us being together and honoring that person in a space and having this sort of energy directed towards this person that we love. But people, they don't want to have these ceremonies. And I don't, I don't know if it's an Australian thing, you know, cause I've heard that a lot, just put me out on the, you know, on the trash and I'll be, I'll be right, mate. But I think honoring that person is really important just for those who are left behind. James: Think it's Australian, a little bit Australian? Blanche: Yes, I do. And it's because we're so secular. James: Right. Blanche: I think. James: Well, I think a lot of the, a lot of the discussions we've been having here, or the point of these discussions in this, in this series has been because we've lost, you know, if half of us were Catholics and the other half were Anglicans and, you know, there were a few other sects alongside, that gave us the structures and gave us the ritual to the funerals. Whereas these discussions, a lot of it has been about, well, if you're not that, and that is an increasingly larger proportion of the population, well, what is it? What are you marking? Why, what is death? What is the funeral? What is the ceremony for? What, what's the funeral for? Blanche: The funeral is to celebrate the life. And I might say that although I want an, an, an inexpensive casket or coffin, I don't want a nothing funeral. I want ‘When the saints go marching in’, played at the end of it! James: it. Yes. Blanche: Fun. James: Yeah. Did Bob have much planning in the memorial? Did he think about that? Blanche: None. Unlike Gough [Whitlam]. Gough planned his funeral down to the last tea. Bob left it entirely to others. He didn't even think about it. James: Right. And what, what hand did you have in that? Was that something where it was hard to express perhaps your love because there's protocol, there's stuff that had to be done? Blanche: Oh, well, there were a number of formal speakers who had to be there, and I wasn't one of those. The one person representing the family was his eldest child, Sue, and then all the rest were pollies. James: And did it feel like you, did that feel like a memorial of Bob Hawke or the Bob Hawke you knew, or the Bob Hawke we knew? Blanche: It was the Bob Hawke the public knew. But there's also a lot of, as you were saying, a lot of information in that. Evelyn: Yeah. And, and I'd like to share this that, at a funeral, at least 80% of the guests there will find out something new about their person that they never knew. And we can all relate to that. So it's very common. And even sons and daughters, I've found, they know very little about their parents from before they were born. So, you know, they don't even know these basic sort of questions when you ask them. They'll know where they were married, but they don't know the basic questions. So I think there is a need to talk about, you know, talk about our lives more, not talk about death, but talk about our lives more so that our children, you know, know about our lives before, you know, death. James: I think it's one of the nice aspects of funeral is [to] find that relative you don't know very well and have a chat. So much will come out. Great stories will come out. And it will be those things like, What do you mean they did that after the war? What are you talking about? You know, because often they will never say it. How, Blanche, how do you think we should talk about death? Blanche: Positively. It's inevitable and, and therefore to be, not to be feared and, and shrunken away from, but to anticipate with a certain degree of excitement. Look, I think it's a great adventure, because we don't know what's going to happen afterwards. But if you have a positive attitude, it's really worth looking, looking forward to. James: Yeah, if you go in with the positive attitude, I think they'll be pleased to see you. There's that nice Blanche. Come on in, we’ll have you there! Where should we, where should we be talking about death? When should we talk about death, Evelyn? Evelyn: Well, I'm one of the very low percent percentage of people who actually enjoy talking about death and I've been doing funerals for such a long, long time, and I find something really interesting is that I feel I live my life really quite fully, because you never know what's going to happen around the corner. And I deal with all ages, you know, from just a baby to someone who's really old. But, you know, deal with suicides and people die in accidents. So I know that life is really quite brief, and is briefer than we even think, you know? And, uh, yeah, so I, uh, I don't know… what was the question? James: I mean, I think this picks up a little on what Blanche was saying about, you know, it's a secular society. It's an even more secular society than it ever was. We're even more removed from death than we ever were. Go back a few generations, you know… Blanche: And death was at home. James: Death was at home. Blanche: It's been medicalised. James: Exactly. It's been kept at home. You know, the body would be in the home. Children would die. You know, we're around death a lot more. So now it's separated from us and then we don't even talk about it. So, and I suppose I'm interested in sort of, when, you know, should it be in schools? O should we talk about it more? Do you talk to your parents about their funeral plans? Like, when should we talk about death? [00:22:36] Evelyn: I think we should bring it in as soon as possible because we have animals that die. We just need kids to know what it is to die. Grandparents who died and, you know, bring it, bring it in as soon as possible. In elementary school, high school or, you know, we just need to get that conversation going. Unfortunately, we only think about it when we're diagnosed with something or if we lose a loved one. We think about it then. We think life, we can live life infinitely, but then something happens. So I know it's probably not the topic that people want to talk about, but there can be something quite beautiful. Like when we start talking about our funeral songs, when we just start talking about our lives. I think it's, I think it's quite exciting. Blanche: I think it's exciting, too. But obviously for kids, it's when they're grandparents die - well sometimes they're already adults when their grandparents die - but if they're little kids, start talking then. James: Yeah. Well, you increasingly, like when my grand-, when my first grandmother died, I was maybe seven or eight or something like that, it was not done to take the children to the funeral. Blanche: That's right. James: The children were not to be going to the funeral. But now I think we do go, No, bring the children to the funeral. I think that's changed. Blanche: Yes. And I think that's positive. And especially if it's an uplifting funeral. James: Yeah, that's right. That's right. Or even if it's, even if it's not, I mean, children should experience that too, shouldn't they? They should understand the breadth of that emotion. Blanche: But whether it's uplifting or not doesn't depend on the nature of the death. James: No. Evelyn: I do think that sometimes when a person does die tragically, accident, or suicide or even murdered, there should be this, there should be like an authenticity about saying what happened, but really just the one sentence, because I know that you want to address the elephant in the room because people often say, Oh, God, how's she going to do this? So I often say, you know, there's no words of comfort, you know, that we can really say that, you know, she's died tragically and you do have to use the word died. She's died tragically, but that's not who she was. This was just an event that was, you know, just took her life. We're not going to focus on that. We're going to focus on, you know, what she loved to do, the music she loved, the people she loved. But I do think you do need to address that. You can't sugarcoat that. So sometimes celebrants and priests, they do make it all about the death, but I do think it is important to address the death, and be transparent about that. And then you focus on the celebration. James: I use the word died all the time too. Like I'm a daily radio broadcaster, when I’m remarking on people I say they died yesterday. They died. Blanche and Evelyn: Yeah. James: This person died. He passed, passed away. I don't like it. I didn't… Blanche: …Neither do I. James: They died. Died. Yeah. And it, it, it sort of seems to, I don't know, it makes it… Blanche: It's a euphemism, The euphemism sort of, I don't know, it takes away from the solemnity of the event, almost, and the significance… Blanche: I agree James: I think we were talking before about, we don't think people want to talk about death. I think people love talking about it. Like, and again, on the radio show, we do it quite often. People love it. You know, they write in, they're engaged. They want to talk about it. I did it to… I was with a friend the other night and for some reason it came up and I made the, I started talking about, you know, my beliefs or whatever. And you see the friend just suddenly stopped and went, Well, this is interesting. You know, like, this is better than just, How was the footy, you know… Blanche: I never thought of that! James: It sort of, the whole conversation, it sparked… we had a whole new level in the relationship… And I think that that's what these conversations are about, is hopefully they encourage, you know, other people listening to have, to talk about death. Blanche: And a positive attitude. James: Yeah. Evelyn, how have funerals changed? Yeah, perhaps even in the course of your 17 years, over the 600, but also, yeah, maybe getting to remember your grandmothers or something like that. How do you think funerals have changed? Evelyn: Well, funerals have definitely changed in the last few years, mainly because of COVID, and we're using technology more. And also what I've noticed as well is that there are people who will have a private cremation and then have a huge memorial, maybe not a week or two after, but maybe in a month or two after. So they're giving it a longer time to have, like, more of a bigger celebration of life. And, so my father died suddenly in 1997, and my mum was taking photos, and this was the camera, and I thought that was, I was so angry with her. James: Taking photos during the funeral? Evelyn: She was, taking the funeral, yeah. It was, she was really upsetting me. But I'm so glad she did because I cherish those photos. So I think it's become more mainstream for people to take photos of the coffins, even, you know, film, film the ceremony. It might not be livestream, but they'll film the ceremony. So that's actually been more, something that's been more in common. James: The video tribute is a, is often a big part. Now there'll be three or four minutes of photos and video. Blanche: Yeah, that's normal, isn't it? Evelyn: Yeah, that's normal. And I try not to have too many tributes because,, you know, after five to six minutes, the audience tends to tune out and I've seen too many funerals… even if a person's a really good speaker, it's really got to be sort of short and sharp. And I know that sounds horrible, if someone’s lived 90 years, but you can do it in three to four minutes or even to five minutes. James: Yeah. Wow. Well, a fantastic conversation. Thank you so much. Blanche, you are, you know, remarkably still full of life. Books are pouring out of you. The Bunny Club, available now, wherever books and libraries exist. What's The Bunny Club about? [laughter] Evelyn: It sounds naughty actually. James: It's sex and murder. I'll say it. It's murder and sex, right? Blanche: Right. [laughter] James: Well, it's a very engaging read, and it's been a very engaging conversation with you as well. Thank you so much for coming. Blanche: Thank you, James. Evelyn: Thank you so much. James: Thank you to Blanche d’Alpuget and Evelyn Calaunan. You've been listening to season six of Life's Booming, Dying to Know, brought to you by Australian seniors. Please leave a review and share this show with someone you know. Visit seniors. com. au slash podcast for more episodes. May your life be booming. I'm James Valentine.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Matters of life and death Australia’s death care and funeral industry is big business. We meet death doula Dr Annetta Mallon and funeral industry adviser Martin Tobin, two caring and passionate business owners supporting you and your loved ones through the last step on life’s journey. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. Featuring interviews with famous faces as well as experts in the space, we uncover what they know about what we can expect. There are hard truths, surprising discoveries, tears and even laughs. Nothing about death is off the table. Dr Annetta Mallon is an end-of-life consultant, doula and educator and grief psychotherapist based in Tasmania. With decades of experience in trauma recovery and personal growth, Annetta helps people understand their rights and options at the end of life – especially those without a strong support network. Martin Tobin is a recognised family name in the funeral business. He is founder of Funeral Direction, a consultancy supporting funeral homes and cemeteries across Australia and New Zealand. A former solicitor, Martin brings legal, strategic and business insight, and is focused on helping the industry evolve through innovation, education and long-term planning. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel at Myrtle & Pine Studios -- Disclaimer: Please be advised that this episode contains discussions about death, which may be triggering or upsetting for some listeners. Listener discretion is advised. If you are struggling with the loss of a loved one, please know that you are not alone and there are resources available. For additional support please contact Lifeline on 131 114 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636. TRANSCRIPT: S06EP03_Matters of Life and Death James: Hello, and welcome to Life's Booming. I'm James Valentine, and this season, we're talking about death. In this episode, we're talking about matters of life and death, well, the final matter, how we say goodbye. Death is big business, and Australia's death care and funeral industry is worth more than $2 billion. And with us are two entrepreneurs, two people who work in this area, supporting you and your loved ones through the last step on life’s journey. We're joined by Dr. Annetta Mallon, an end of life consultant, an educator, and also known as a death doula. And Martin Tobin is a recognised family name in the funeral business and is now an expert adviser on the global funeral industry. Annetta, Martin, welcome to Life's Booming. So many places to start. I'm excited. And Martin, I'll start with you. What's it like when the family business is death? Martin: Yeah, well, it's all I've ever known. When I was, you know, when I was born and grew up, I, we actually lived in a funeral parlour. Um, so when I was, for the first two or three years of my life, uh, the funeral parlour was downstairs. We lived upstairs. So when it's all you've known, you don't think anything different of it. And I suppose all of my friends and sort of social groups when I was young and a teenager thought it was pretty quirky and funny, but for me, it was what I knew. My grandfather and his brother started our family business in the thirties. And by the time I came along, it was well, well and truly established. I didn't really work directly in it straight away after leaving school, but it was always in the background. And so I've always been comfortable with it. James: Yeah. But such an interesting thing. Like what's, what's the dinner time conversation. Did you have a good day, darling? Good deaths? Some good deaths? Martin: Well, all of that. You know, I think that's the stereotype, isn't it, that funeral directors are a bit, sort of weird and severe and a bit morbid, but, but it's, it's far from the truth. You know, I think most people who work in funeral service, and the work that Annetta does, are really warm and loving and gregarious people because you have to have those qualities to really survive and thrive in, in what we do in that space. James: You kind of got to love life, Annetta. Annetta: Absolutely. We are fiercely alive until we are dead. And I think that. Whether it's from the professional funeral side of things or more from consumer advocate and personal support side of things, coming in with a joke – why do we screw the coffin lids down so hard to keep the oncologist out. Great icebreaker: show up with cake. Make jokes, because most of us have a lot of laughter and love in our lives and it's important to leaven sorrow and, and grief. Martin: Yeah. Don't let death just drown out the… James: What's the undertaker's joke? Martin: Oh, there's so many. I mean, everyone used to, I used to get called Stiffy Tobin, that sort of stuff. James: Stiffy, Tobin… Martin: …you know, a bit. So a lot of funeral directors get called Stiffy. Annetta: …that's a 1930s cartoon character, isn't it? James: It's like, it's the, the Millers, the Millers and bakers are Dusty. You know, it's that, it's that era, isn't it? Annetta: You're a Tintin character. James: Yeah, exactly. Martin: Yeah. Luckily I wasn't, you know, I don't fit the stereotype of tall and gray. I'm sort of fairly short and not gray. And so when I joined our family business, I was quite young. So I was lucky I sort of didn't fit that stereotype. And back in the early 90s, there was very few women, very few people, young people, very few people from, from diverse backgrounds. So it's changed a lot really for the better in that sense. So there's no stereotypical funeral director now it's, it's a really, really diverse. James: What's a, what's a doula? Annetta: Well, a doula is someone who supports life's transitions. So I've been a birth doula, and it's a very powerful energy when someone comes into the world, but it's really not my jam. I like the other transition, and I'm better at it. I provide an awful lot of information for people who have questions like, what is this going to feel like? Should I be at home or should I be in the hospital? And the point of a lot of my conversations is not to provide answers, but to support people into recognising what's best for them, which I suspect is actually quite a lot of what Martin does, with the way that you work with businesses. James: When do you turn up? Annetta: A piece of string question. I can turn up pre-need, so there's no terminal or life limiting diagnosis. There's a bit of a myth that we turn up magically, like a fairy, in the last 24 hours of life. That's not really great or optimal. James: So, do some people get you, even if, well, I don't have a diagnosis, but I want to start working with a doula? Annetta: If you're a doula like me who does planning and can answer questions and help people prepare their documentation and their wishes, because that's not anything you want to be doing at the last minute and in cases where there's dementia and cognitive decline. It's too late then to get your planning in place. So I also help to support and foster family-wide and network-wide conversations so that everyone understands if someone's interested in assisted dying, let's talk about that. Does anyone have questions, for example. Or have you considered your pets in your planning? Are you including your grandchildren or just your children? Would you prefer to die in a medicalised environment, ideally, or in a home like environment? James: So you can, yeah, so you're there at any point and really every circumstance is entirely different. Annetta: It is, it's unique every single time. James: Same for funerals? Martin: Yeah, I mean, a funeral really should be a reflection of the person's life and interests and values and philosophies, and sometimes, you know, historically, traditionally, in say the last couple of hundred years that, that often revolved around their, their faith. So these days funerals are quite sort of open-ended, quite, quite unstructured, quite celebratory and people are trying to find some ritual in that and some meaning in that and, and that's the, that's the real change that's happening in funeral service. You know, funerals have been going on for thousands of years. They're one of the early rituals of human, human existence. So, and they emanate from the human need to stop when someone from among us leaves us, and reflect on that person's life, to typically grieve that person, if they meant something to us. So that is, you know, invariably people feel sad, not always, but typically. And people have to then say, well, how do we, how do we move forward without this person? And then for a lot of people, that's incredibly difficult. Grief, grief is just our response to loss. You can't control it. You can't make it go away. So if you suppress it in the early days, it comes back to bite you later. So a funeral is a chance to gather, reflect, embrace the reality of the death and embrace the early stages of the grief, the pain that you'll often experience, and to receive support from your community and to let go of that person because they go from being with you to being a memory. James: It's interesting the way you phrased it or the point of view you expressed there was to me it was the person closest to whoever's died, it's for them. And then it's for the community. It's not for us. Funeral's not for the guy that died. The funeral's for us. Martin: Yep, that's right. And we're finding a lot of people now trying to sort of orchestrate their own celebration and say, this is what I want. I want this to happen, that to happen. And that's, that's got a place, but it's really for the living, for the, for those that are left behind. And, you know, the dead, the dead can't tell the living what, how to feel. But they can give guidance and direction, but I think it's really important that the funerals, funerals are done the way that the survivors feel they need, need to do it so that they, that helps them get back into life afterwards. James: Yeah. Yeah. Would you agree? What's a funeral for? Annetta: I think a funeral is an opportunity to remember why your person was so important to you. One of the big changes that I think we're going to see more and more of in Australia now, with assisted dying nationally available, is a fabulous ‘going away party’, as I call them. So people who attend their own funerals, because basically, especially if you're in a hospital, you know when your time is coming. So there's almost like a bookending effect where we have a celebration with the person and they get to say goodbyes and explain to people why they were important and hear all the good stuff. Then there's probably going to be a gathering of some kind afterwards, possibly ham rolls and whisky will play a part, because, as Martin has said, we need to commemorate the fact that this aspect of our lives is now irrevocably changed. I think for a lot of us, the relationship goes on, but it's very different. I still talk to my mother and my grandmother, both of whom are dead. I don't expect them to respond. But there's still kind of… James: …I think that's the sane way to do it. If you expect them to respond, I don't… Annetta: That's a different conversation. James: That's different. Yeah. We're doing another whole episode on that. Martin: Different podcast. Annetta: Different podcast. James: From Beyond the Grave. Welcome. So again, the funeral's not really for the dead person. Annetta: I've never thought a funeral is for the dead person. It is to really bring us out of the immense shock of the raw grief that – and this is a generalisation – is about 72 hours. And that's not a sustainable emotional state. We get to come together. We get to shift from intense grief, the personal experience of loss and that response – because grief is love with no place left to be put – into mourning, which is a more shared communal public sense of loss, which is a really important transitional period in accepting a death, coming to terms with a death, acknowledging a death. And the funeral makes a space that I think is important, not just for the closest people, but for friends, work colleagues, community members. So there is a space that can be welcoming for a variety of community members, which is also really important. Community can be quite intimate and small, it can be broader and more encompassing. Martin: Yeah, look, I think it does need to, I think a good funeral will reflect the person's life. If, if it's, if it's not authentic, if you go to that funeral and you say, Gee, that wasn't about Fred, then clearly the family have got it wrong. So there has to, they have to be the central character, and that has to, you know, has to really reflect who they were, ideally. But if Fred starts micromanaging his service, his celebration, then I think we're missing the point because it really is for, for those left behind to say, what's going to be meaningful for me to help me, you know, take stock of my life now that Fred's, Fred's gone. A good example is, you know, sometimes people these days will often say, look, let's not go to the fuss of a funeral. Let's, let's have a private cremation or burial and we'll have a memorial service, which is fine. And a lot of people choose that. But if Fred's not there, you know, the emotions around how people feel about Fred and the stories about him aren't really aren't heightened enough for people to really feel what they should feel at a funeral. It's hard to sort of get started with your grief, is sort of the perspective I have… James: …But I suppose there's often that, that's often thought of, we're going to do this in a few days, but the memorials in two weeks… Annetta: I think it's individual. And I also think it is broader culture. So for example, in some cultures, from Eastern Europe, there are marker days. So you will have the funeral on a particular day and then you might do something 10 days later. And then the 40th day might be, for example, in the Macedonian community… I still pay attention to ‘death-aversaries’ and I pay attention to it because it's going to affect my mood and the way I go throughout the day because I will be thinking about that person. And ideally, you have had the opportunity to spend time with your person, whether that's in a hospital room. For example, I did that when my mother died. We were allowed to have the room for as long as we wanted with her. Or at home, and you might keep your person at home for a day or two and sing to them, wash them, sit in silence, cry with them, laugh with them. That's, that can be part of the saying goodbye, which the funeral then when it's done properly and appropriately, I think sort of wraps everything up and ties it as neatly together as you can so that you can move into all of the afters of grief. James: Martin, let's talk about the, the business of funerals. It's a big business, isn't it? Martin: Well, it's, it became an industry a hundred plus years ago, something that people started outsourcing to, you know. And initially it was outsourced to cabinet makers who made the coffin. And then they, the cabinet maker said, well I can, not only can I make the coffin, but I can transfer the body from the place of death and… And over a period of time it became an industry. So, it is there, so it is an organised industry in most, most countries around the world. And so the, the organised funeral director will provide a range of services to, you know, support people who've lost, lost someone. In Australia, it's primarily, historically, made up of family owned private businesses that are multi generational family businesses. But about 25 years or so ago, a lot of the well known family businesses were purchased by larger groups. But certainly they're at, in my view, they're at a competitive disadvantage to a generally family owned local community based, family owned business, because they just don't have that essence. James: Yeah. Is it a strange thing? I mean, you've talked very compassionately about grief and about the humanity of what's involved about the moment of death and what people are dealing with. Yet this is something that you'll make profit from, that the company is going to make profit from. Is that a strange, is there a conflict there? Martin: There isn't really. I mean, you know, sometimes I think a lot of the people who are attracted to the industry, yeah, they're talking to a family and they've gone through a loss and there's a lot of grief and pain and there might be, there might be some challenging financial circumstances too that they glean from the conversation. And yeah, that people feel, feel, Oh, gee, how can we add pain to them, or, you know, add, you know, send them an invoice for $10,000, whatever it might be on top of what they're already experiencing. So yeah, it is a little bit uncomfortable, but I think if, if the business has integrity around its pricing and there's, there's genuine options and, and you know, they're not sort of forced into any sort of uncomfortable decisions, then, you know, most people recognise that a funeral, if it, you know, needs to be done in a certain way, there's going to be a cost to that. James: And do you find that, you know, the, the rise of doulas, the presence of doulas, the change… the way in which there seems to be a lot of, a lot of alternatives to those bigger companies or that standard sort of the mahogany casket approach. Is that in a reaction to this sort of somewhat, you know, industrialisation of, of the process? Annetta: Partially, yes, and from my perspective, I think we can, Okay, Boomer, let's give you a big vote of thanks, because at every stage of life, the Boomer generation, it's a cliche for a reason, they've demanded information and choice, and they want things on their terms far more than we'd seen in the silent generation, certainly, and previous generations. So, what are my rights, options, and choices at end of life? What can we do better and differently? It's made space for things like Daisybox Caskets Australia. I'm not affiliated with them, but they offer a lower and a high quality product, but it's less expensive than mahogany, which you mentioned. Not a bad option for families on a budget, not a bad option for cremations. I think, as we are in such an almost overwhelm of information age, people do want to know what's possible and we can readily see that, for example, in the USA, we've got Katrina Spade, who started with the urban death project. James: What’s that? Annetta: The urban death project was an architectural hypothetical exercise. How can we offer a space for respectful memorialisation and body disposition that is not taking up valuable land. And from this, then we have, recompose, which is natural, organic reduction, nor human composting. In Tasmania, we've got the very first water based cremation service. James: What is that? Because I mean, cremation implies fire to me, not water. Annetta: Yes. So it's alkaline hydrolysis. It's a high temperature, high alkaline process of dissolving everything, which at the end you get a product that instead of gray ashes, white, you get a completely sterile liquid, that I personally don't see why we can't use on green spaces, urban green spaces, but it can go down the drain. James: Just water me in the park. Just go water the flowers with me. Annetta: I quite like that. Martin: Splash me into the ocean. James: Splash me into the ocean. Annetta: There we go. And it's, it's about a seventh of the environmental footprint of a flame cremation. Costs about the same, maybe a little bit more, but we also have a team that will transport statewide. We don't do natural burial, we don't have dedicated natural burial, um, spaces in Australia. The UK does it really well. James: Again, what’s natural burial? Annetta: Okay, so instead of going down six feet, like into colder ground, which is anaerobic, there's frequently a lot of concrete involved, you're in essentially like a hotter ground. You've got more microbes and oxygen, you're going to break down faster. And in the UK, the multipurpose spaces where you might be running, sheep, for example, or growing wildflowers or food. In the USA, when you have the composted remains of people, which turns out to be quite a lot, large in volume, they work with a national park, and it actually goes to beautify hiking trails and to recondition public spaces. James: I like all these. Annetta: I like it too. James: They're kind of positive, aren't they? Annetta: There's options for everybody. So it's opening up spaces for non medical community based people like myself. It also means that there's new and exciting ways for funeral directors to then work with people to make the meaningful, personalised, ritual and ceremony and funeral experience. So, thank you, Boomers. We've got a lot of change. James: Yeah.. And is, are the traditional companies, are they embracing this? Are they seeing the need to embrace this? [00:19:15] Martin: The traditional funeral of being in a church and sort of straight to the cemetery with, with everything sort of reasonably structured, that pattern has definitely broken. We're seeing two things in the Australian industry, that is people trending or consumers saying That doesn't do it for me anymore, I'm either going to go for something very simple that's, like, low cost and, you know, where there's not much of a fuss; or people are saying, I want something highly customised, highly celebratory, highly innovative. And the companies that have stayed quite traditional and conservative are actually losing relevance. And so the funeral directors who are seeing those Baby Boomer-led changes, and are responding construct-- who are responding or actually leading the way themselves and coming up with some of those ideas themselves, they're the ones that are becoming or staying relevant and are thriving. You know, there's a funeral company called Tender Funerals who, whose focus and philosophy is that the family are much more involved in the actual funeral, which is, which is a great thing, which is how it should have, how it used to be. You know, the family themselves would… James: So what might take place? What do they, what do they do? Martin: Well, they might wash and dress the body as, as Annetta said, you know, they might, they might carry the coffin in some of the steps that normally the funeral director would, would only do. There's subtle differences and I don't, I don't profess to know a lot about what they do, but, but philosophically their, their message is let's do funerals the way they used to be done, and not outsource everything to the funeral director. So that's a challenge for the organised industry, because people are responding to that, and because people are saying, Yeah, actually, that's how we did use to do it. And I think the work that doulas are doing is getting people comfortable with the conversation, you know, the fact that we all die and that… Annetta: We've checked, everyone dies. Yeah. Martin: Yeah, we worked that out before. Annetta: Spoiler alert. James: Yeah, that's right. Yeah. Martin: So, you know, the organised industry has to realise that with education and Boomer-led sort of innovation, there's a lot more, you know, sort of change and sort of innovation they have to embrace, otherwise they will become irrelevant. Annetta: Whether you're coming from a more business-like perspective or something that's more community led, we all offer skills and services that have value. People train to be funeral directors and celebrants. People train to be morticians, people train to be doulas. And there's an awful lot of ongoing research and continuing education because the legislation is changing very quickly, in terms of documentation, where it's stored, how it's processed. Assisted dying is constantly changing, as we review the laws. And there is a value to that. I'm not a charity. I like to eat meals and sleep under a roof. So, I think one of the unexpected benefits of having more open conversations, generally, is people can recognise, Oh, well, maybe this much for a funeral seems too much, but this is a reasonable sum and I'm happy to pay that sum because we're getting something of value, in the end. That may be more personalised, maybe more ritualised and traditional, but then we have an exchange of something for something. James: But also those pro, the kind of, you know, those newer processes you were describing, even of how we dispose of the body, a more sustainable approach, is going to reflect a lot of people's values, you know, in a way that a traditional cask of being buried at a six feet under. Martin: Funerals don't operate in a vacuum. You know, they're part of the broader society. James: Yeah. Why do you like working in the area of death? Martin: It's a real privilege to, to work with, I mean, you know, the work that Annetta does is amazing. Like to have an open conversation with someone who is facing their own mortality, must, every day, must be an amazing privilege. And the work that I've done historically is after that. So it's, it's not as, it's not as confronting, because it's happened, but it's just really satisfying work to help people, you know, when they are at a low point to do something for them that's valuable, that's meaningful, and to help them with the long-term journey they're about to embark on. A funeral is just one of the first steps in their, their overall journey without that person. And if you can get them off to a good start with a good, you know, this notion of a good funeral, then, you know, then it's incredibly satisfying work. The vast majority of the people that work in funeral service, and I'm sure in the work that you do, are there for the right reasons. They're there because they, they are people-driven people, they love helping. They want to make a difference for people. So, it's a very satisfying industry. But most of what we have, the stereotype of we're all a bit weird and that it's far, it's almost the opposite. James: Annetta, why do you like it? You said you were better than this. You'd been a birth doula but you said ‘I'm better at death’. Annetta: I am better at death. I like puppies, not children, which probably explains a lot. I'm a good story keeper. And someone who is at end of life or is coming to terms with a life-limiting or terminal diagnosis – maybe a slower decline or more rapid decline – there is still an essence of themselves that they would like to have preserved, which I think feeds into this idea of the meaningful, purposeful funeral. The meaningful, purposeful end-of-life, with quality of life until we die, and then trying to offer a quality of life to people as they come to terms with the death of their person, is values driven, I think, in terms of planning. And also, for me, it's about honoring that person and trying to empower them with as much information as appropriate so that they can make informed decisions. I think there's nothing more empowering. When I've done my job really right, I'm not even involved when someone dies. Sometimes I'm in the room and that's okay, but often I will hear from families afterwards. And there's wonderful stories about the time that was spent while their person was dying, caring for their person's body after death, how the family and the friends came together to facilitate all of that, and then how that relationship of community changes, or stays the same, following that. So people then find meaning in their own life, get more excited about planning. The death literacy snowball is a wonderful thing to watch in action. That's my jam. I really love it. James: What do they do? What, what have people told you about death? Annetta: Interestingly enough, for a lot of people, it's not about death itself. It's about being frightened of dying. My pain threshold's in the basement, I don't want to be in pain. That bothers me far more than my moment of death. The people they loved know that they're loved… James: They want that, they want them to know? Annetta: … They want that. They want to know that love has been expressed, which I think is possibly why we're seeing that uptick, too, and people saying, I'd like this playlist at my funeral. I always start with a playlist with planning, you know, control it, be the DJ. Could we talk about this? I'd like these elements. Because it's a way of caretaking in a sense, the people that they're going to leave behind. The messages that people leave are messages of love. I think that's something the film Love Actually got really right, in the beginning. How do I convey that? How can I try and make that my legacy? So we're seeing it arise in, life writing, the narrative of someone's life so that there might be a digital book or voice recordings. We're seeing that with social media platforms where social accounts can be turned into memorial accounts. But I think also we need to prepare ourselves for the fact that sometimes that is all yanked away with no warning, sometimes, by family members who think that that's the right thing to do. And that can leave people devastated. So I think we're all kind of jogging along together, trying to come to terms with all the changes and make them a good fit for individuals. James: Martin, what do you hear? What do hear people say about death? Martin: Most people dread the day, you know, they're dreading the day, they have to get it, get up there in front of all those people, walk through the gathering and everyone's looking at them. And so there's a, there's a lot of dread. People will say, can we just get over and done with? Can we do it tomorrow? You know, when the death's been today, or whatever. So there is that sense that it's going to be an ordeal. So if, after it's happened and you, the feedback is all the conversations you hear are, Oh, that was really special and it went well and, and what a tribute we paid to Dad or Mum, you know, you know, he would have loved it or whatever. You know, that you've lifted all that dread away, and then they move ahead. So they're off to a good start. Otherwise, if we just die and we, we pause for a few minutes and we get back on the bike and start living again, well, you know, that person, all their, what they meant to us and all their stories and history and what they wanted to be said about them just gets shuffled aside and we get on with life again. So I think we, I think most of us deserve a bit better than that. And a funeral is a really good opportunity to just stop the clock for a while. You know, we don't have to wallow in it for weeks. And some cultures do, they actually, they put a real ritual around it. But as a minimum, just have some, some chance where we can say, his life mattered. I think that's, I think that's really good. Annetta: Yeah. James: This has been such a great conversation. Thank you so much, Annetta. Thank you. Annetta: Thank you for having me, James. It's been a pleasure. James: Martin, thank you. Martin: I enjoyed it. James: Terrific. Thanks to our guests, Dr. Annetta Mallon and Martin Tobin. You've been listening to Season 6 of Life's Booming, Dying to Know, brought to you by Australian Seniors. Please, leave a review or tell someone about it. Head to seniors.com.au/podcast for more episodes. May your life be booming. I'm James Valentine.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dying well We’re all going to die, but how we acknowledge death and dying is a very personal experience. Award-winning journalist and author Tracey Spicer and anthropologist Dr Hannah Gould explore etiquette, rites and traditions to find out what makes a ‘good death’. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. Featuring interviews with famous faces as well as experts in the space, we uncover what they know about what we can expect. There are hard truths, surprising discoveries, tears and even laughs. Nothing about death is off the table. Tracey Spicer AM is a Walkley award-winning journalist, author and broadcaster. And she's an ambassador for Dying With Dignity. A vocal campaigner and advocate for voluntary assisted dying (VAD), Tracey penned a letter to her mother following her painful death in 1999. Dr Hannah Gould is an anthropologist who works in the areas of death, religion and material culture. She recently appeared on SBS documentary: Ray Martin: The Last Goodbye. Hannah’s research spans new traditions and technologies of Buddhist death rites, the lifecycle of religious materials, and modern lifestyle movements. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Disclaimer: Please be advised that this episode contains discussions about death, which may be triggering or upsetting for some listeners. Listener discretion is advised. If you are struggling with the loss of a loved one, please know that you are not alone and there are resources available. For additional support please contact Lifeline on 131 114 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636. TRANSCRIPT: James: We're all going to die. Happens to all of us. But how we acknowledge death and dying is of course a very personal experience. With our guest and our expert, we're going to explore the etiquette, the rites and traditions seen in Australia and around the world. Someone who knows a lot about the rites and traditions of death is Dr Hannah Gould, an anthropologist who works in the areas of death, religion and material culture. We're also going to be joined by Tracey Spicer, she’s a Walkley award-winning author, journalist and broadcaster. And she's an ambassador for Dying With Dignity. Tracey and Hannah, welcome. Thank you so much. Tracey: Hello. James: Thank you for coming. Hannah Gould. Hello. Thank you for coming. Hannah: Thank you. James: Fantastic. Let's talk death! Tracey: Why not? There'll be lots of fun. James: Do you laugh in the face of death? Hannah: What else can you do? I mean, look, you know. Lots of sadness, lots of joy, every single emotion is reasonable, surely. I mean, it's like the question, the ultimate question of philosophy, of history, of every discipline. Every response is valid. Not always useful, or helpful. James: Yeah. Yeah. Hannah: But valid. Tracey: Well, it's a universal topic of conversation and that's why I've always loved dark humour. Because you do have to laugh, otherwise what do you do? James: I also think it's, it is the ultimate joke that we are all going to die, but we live like we're not going to. We live every day as though it's just not going to happen at all. Tracey: Especially in Western society, I think other cultures have got it right and we're in such deep denial about it. It's detrimental to all of us. James: Yeah. Now this is your area of expertise really, is that do other cultures have it right? Hannah: Everyone does it differently. Right or wrong is kind of a difficult thing to judge. I think certainly there's a big thing called, like, the denial of death thesis, right. And, and people like Ernest Becker, a lot of different philosophers and anthropologists and cultural, you know, analysis have looked at Western culture and gone, Oh my gosh, we are so invested in denying death, right. And whether that's through denying death by religions that say you're going to live forever, like, you know, don't worry, it's not the end. You'll pop off to heaven or whatever it is. Or through, you know, great heroic myths. Yes, you'll die, but the nation will remember you forever. So, you know, you won't really die. You'll be a martyr. Or contemporary, you know. Yes, you'll die, but have you seen how great the shopping is? You know, we can just ignore, we can deny death by being on Instagram and, you know, consuming, right, so, I think Western culture in particular, the way we've organised our society, allows us to not think about death. James: And we've organised death to be somewhere else, usually now. To be in a hospital, to be in palliative care somewhere. And they may be good, but they're not, they're not in the cottage, are they? They're not next to, not in the bedroom. Hannah: Not in the bedroom. So, we know that, say, 70% of Australians wish to die at home. Only about 15% do. And that is a rate that is lower than all these other countries we like to compare ourselves. So Australians are more institutionalised in their death than places like Ireland, like New Zealand, the United States of America, even Canada. We tend, more than other countries, to die in institutions – aged care, hospitals, and hospices. James: Yeah, right, right. The other way in which we deny death is, or the other way in which other cultures have a different attitude to death, will be that it'll either be more accepting – we are all going to die, will be part of their every day – or they may have a notion of reincarnation and coming back, which means that that's a very different attitude to death, really, than a, than a heaven and a hell. Hannah: Yeah, it's not necessarily an end so much. I think that's kind of quite common in, say, you know, Buddhist or Hindu or other kind of dharmic religions, particularly Asian religions. And then, obviously, there's a lot of Asian religion that's part of Australian society, so that's also quite present in Australia. But we can also have a kind of more secular idea about that. You know, a lot of these, a lot of my mum's generation in particular, have kind of a green environmental kind of reincarnation model where she will say, well, I don't particularly believe in heaven, but I do believe I'm going to become compost. Food for worms, you know, I'll come back as a tree or a flower or a tomato plant, you know, and that's, that's a kind of reincarnation of like reintegration into the natural environment, as it were. So there are some kind of myths or stories we can tell ourselves that perhaps help us think about death more positively. James: I've got a, a friend of mine who'd be into her 80s has said, oh, funeral? Just put me up the top paddock, let the crows have a go. Tracey: Yeah. My dad wants to be buried in a cardboard box, and I think that's a wonderful idea. James: We all say that, don't we? That's a really common one as well. I hear that a lot on the radio. People will go, mate, just, I don't care, put me out with the, on the hard rubbish day. Hannah: In the paddock, whatever it is… James: …the paddock, that’s the same sort of thing I said. You know, like, do we really want that, do you think? Hannah: Oh, do we really want that? I do think Aussies are pretty pragmatic about death. I do think we have a certain streak in us that's kind of like, you know what, it's all a bit much fuss, it's all too much. You kind of even get these people who therefore say, don't have a funeral. You know, I really don't want to have a funeral. Please don't even, you know, no fuss. That can be kind of sad sometimes because I think it's some people kind of not acknowledging how many people love them and miss them. James: Yeah. Hannah: Um, but maybe it's also a bit of an Aussie humour, dry humour, that, that black humour again of kind of, you know, trying to laugh in the face of death. Why not? Tracey: I would agree, but then we all get sucked in when we're in the funeral home, and they show you the cardboard box, and then they show you the glossy one that's 10 or 20 thousand dollars, and you think, did I really love that person that much, or should I do it? So it all feeds into what you were talking about before, that consumerism and overcommercialisation. James: Well, I also think sometimes, I would think it's about weddings. Weddings and funerals, well, who's it actually for? Tracey: Yeah, yeah. Well it's a punctuation mark, isn't it? I'm a lifelong atheist, but Tracey: I do enjoy, it sounds terrible, going to those kind of ceremonies, whether it's a funeral or a wedding, because it's important to celebrate or commemorate these changes, these huge changes. James: I love the sharing of stories at a funeral. People start talking. Tracey: Well, you learn so much about someone's life that you may not have known. And also often they're rich for that dark humour. I'll never forget my grandmother's funeral, who I was incredibly close to. And my father's new girlfriend loved my grandmother. She was so distraught she tried to throw herself into the hole in the ground on top when she was throwing the dirt in and I thought, well, that's intense. James: That's good. Tracey: That's, I've never seen that before. That's a first. Hannah: Oh, I've seen that before. Tracey: Have you?! Hannah: I will say that, you know, when you attend enough funerals or attend enough cremations for professional reasons, um, as it were, you kind of see everything, every range of human emotions. Like, we, we kind of think, you know, all funerals are all happy families. A lot of unhappy families, a lot of punch ups at funerals, lots of, uh, mistresses coming out of the woodwork at funerals, conversions, religious, you know, more and more people have recorded messages from beyond the grave that they play at their funeral, or, uh, they've decided that we're having a dance party, or we're having some sort of festivity or an event. I mean, you can do anything these days with a funeral. James: Do you go to a lot, just to observe? Hannah: Yeah, I do my research. So I, I research in death and dying and I, I work at a crematorium and I attend funerals and I hang around with other people in the death care sector. James: Yeah. Hannah: And you do see everything. James: Why do you want to… Tracey: …What got you interested in this? It's your job and I'm just fascinated by it… James: …We'll, we'll, we'll, we'll both do it. I think you've done this sort of thing! So, yeah. Well then, then, why do you want to be around death? Hannah: Oh. I mean, personal and professional. Professional, I'm an anthropologist, and anthropologists want to know what brings us together, what makes us all human, but then also why we do it so differently. And there is nothing else. It is the question, right, it is the one thing we all experience, and yet we've all decided to do it in completely different ways, and completely different ways throughout history. And then, personally, my dad died, and I thought, gosh, what on earth is going on? I suddenly was given the catalogue, of funeral, of coffins, right. James: And you were young. Hannah: I was 22, 23 when my dad died. An age that was perfectly old and mature at the time, I thought. But looking back, obviously, it was incredibly young. But yeah, I suddenly got handed this catalogue of, of kind of coffins, and they all had these really naff names, like, you know, these rich mahoganies, and like, it was like paint colours. Someone had, someone somewhere had decided, these were the options, right, that you were, that this is what was going to represent my dad. And I just felt this massive disconnect and I thought, ‘Hang on, I've got to work out what's going on there.’ So now I spend my life in death, as it were. James: Yeah. I suppose, most of us would think being around death would be a very gloomy kind of thing to be, or way to spend your day. Hannah: It can be very gloomy. But oh my gosh, the gallows humour that those boys in the crem – the crematorium – tell, uh, you know. James: Is there a joke you can share? Hannah: Ooh. Um. Not a lot of them are safe for work or anywhere. James: Tracey, you were going to jump in and ask something there before. What were you going to ask? You know, fellow professional interviewer. Tracey: I really see a connection with you being 22 when your father died and I was 32 when my mother died. Hannah: Mm. Tracey: Even at 32 I felt like I wasn't ready for it. James: Right, no. Tracey: And especially because it happened so quickly. Mum was the linchpin for the family, you know, smart and funny and she could do anything. She was one of those early super women kind of role models. And then all of a sudden at the age of 51 she was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer with seven months to live and she lived seven months almost to the day. And it was blood and guts and gore. She was in agonising pain. My sister and I were injecting her with medication every day. We wanted her to die in the home. Tracey: But it got to the stage where we had to bring her to palliative care, and that's when we started having the conversations about voluntary assisted dying, because, um, Mum and Dad had always said, put me down like a dog. And again, it's one of those things that you think it's going to be easy at the time, but it's not. We talked to the doctor. The doctor said, I don't want to end up in jail. And my sister sat there with the morphine button. She pressed it so often she had a bruise on her thumb. James: Hmm, right Tracey: …we said, surely you can just increase the morphine, because Mum was having breakthrough pain. So everything was fine until she'd scream once an hour, and there was no way they could cap that. So it's cruel, right? It's cruel. I, I don't think there's any way they would have done it. We tried to have those conversations. James: …Yeah… Tracey: Which is why one night, because we were sleeping in a chair next to her overnight just to hold her hand when she was in pain, I picked up the pillow and I did try to put it over her face because I thought, what kind of daughter am I, to let her suffer? And then I stopped at the last minute and then I felt really ashamed of, you know, what a coward I am. Hannah: No, I was going to say the opposite. What an incredibly brave act to, to have so much love and compassion for this person and so much respect, what you knew her wishes would be, that you were willing to do that, you know, for, not – for her, not to her, for her, right? That's extraordinary. Tracey: It's lovely of you to say. James: Did she know what you were doing? Tracey: Oh no, she was out of it for about the previous two weeks, actually. In and out of it. And then she died in the next 24 hours anyway. So she was very, very close. And she'd had that kind of burst, you know, had that almost honeymoon period a couple of days beforehand where you think, Well, she seems like she's getting better and we've read about that, so we expected she was close. Hannah: …Yep, the final, the final burst… Tracey: Yeah. Is there a name for that? Hannah: You know, I don't know what it's called, but you know, that is when usually the palliative care doctors, the hospice workers will call up the family and say, guess what? They're up and about, they're talking, they're eating all of a sudden, and that's genuinely usually a sign that it's not going to be long. James: Wow, isn't that interesting. Hannah: It's the final burst of energy. One of the interesting things about the rise of voluntary assisted dying, of euthanasia, to speak more broadly in Australia, is it reflects this kind of cultural shift that we have about the importance of choice and control towards the end of our lives and how increasingly like that is becoming an important part of what we think about as a good death, right. Like I want to be able to control where I die and who I die with and when and the pain and suffering, right? And that hasn't always been the case, right, you know throughout history there's been periods of that. There's been periods of, ‘Leave it to God.’ Or there's also been periods of, ‘Yes, I must prepare. I have to write my final last note or poetry’, or whatever it is. But that's increasingly becoming important particularly for, we see within the baby boomer generation that they really want to, you know, have some sort of choice, and emphasis on choice. James: Well, I mean, I wonder whether a lot of it is a reaction to, um, the, the medical control over the end of our lives is so extreme that we can be kept alive for so long. And so, it's, it's, it's a reaction to that medical control, isn't it? To want to say, well, surely I can, we can, we can have both, can't we? You can either keep me alive or I don't want to be kept alive. Could you let me go? Hannah: It's one of the great paradoxes, they talk about this paradox of contemporary death and contemporary medicine, is that all of our interventions have increased, right. The medicalisation of death has meant that not only do we have pain control, but we can keep people alive for longer. You know, we have better medicines, drugs, palliative medicine is massively advanced. And yet, if we ask people, the quality of death and dying has not increased. James: Right… Hannah: …And if we look globally, more access to medicine doesn't necessarily correlate with a higher quality of death and dying. There's some correlation, like, do you actually have the drugs? Can you access, access them? But when it gets to kind of over a certain hurdle, just because you're dying in Australia versus dying in a country with no resources doesn't mean you're going to die better. James: What do you, what's a quality of death? How are we measuring that? What do you mean by that? Hannah: There's lots of things you can do to measure it and people try. So one of them is, you know, to ask, ask the family, to ask the dying person, to also ask the physician, did you think this was a good death? You know, how do we assess it? Because it's not just up to the dying person as well. Of course, it's also up to the family, right – How did you experience that death, that dying? It's a difficult thing to measure, right, because for some people death is never gonna be… You know, the words good death, bad death are kind of controversial now because it's like, oh my God, I have to try at everything else, do I also have to live up to a good death? Like, we can't make it good. Can we make it better? James: Yeah. What is a good death, Tracey? Tracey: I think this really intersects with, uh, competition. Everything's become a competition. And also quality of ageing. Hannah: Yes, yes… Tracey: …Because my darling dad, who's 84 and still hanging on after smoking and drinking himself almost to death when he was in his 50s – it's a miracle he's still alive. He has very close to zero quality of life. He's a lovely man, we love spending time with him, but he can barely walk. You know, where's the quality of life? So I've just written a book about artificial intelligence recently, so it worries me, that medtech space, that we're getting people to live longer, but there's no quality of life and also no quality of death. Hannah: There's this phenomenon we actually call, in scholarship, we call it prolonged dwindling. Tracey: Oh, which is so true, I love that. Hannah: What a term! But it's, it's… James: …Sounds like the worst Enya album ever… Tracey: …And it never ends… Hannah: …But yeah, it's, it's, there's exactly this thing, right. So it used to be, if you look at like the kind of time, it used to be that you'd either have a sudden illness, fall off a horse, through a sword, war, back in the day, and you, and then you would die, or you would have a, you know, a serious major illness, like a cancer or a heart attack, and then pretty soon after, you'd die, right? What we have now, what we tend to have now, is these kind of timelines towards the end of life of, you know, multiple hospitalisations, in and out of hospital, or you have something like Alzheimer's, right, where you have a very, very, very slow and long cognitive decline, potentially with very high care needs, so you're in hospital, you're in care for 20, 30 years, right? Which is unheard of previously, that you would need this level. So how we die is changing, and it's a completely different timeline. James: Yeah. Does… Tracey, let's just return to this moment when you started to perhaps really think about death. You know, you're confronting your mother's suffering, and you think about, you know, taking control of that, about doing something. Was that an impulse? Was it something that grew over time? Tracey: It was knowing my mother's character as being very forthright, and she was always in control, to speak to control. She would have liked me to try to control the situation. It was also, obviously, that you never want to see a loved one in suffering. But it taught all of us in the family a couple of important lessons. Dad’s now got an advance care directive that’s 28 pages long, so we know exactly what's going to happen. My husband and I still haven't done that, but we do talk to our kids who are aged 18 and 20 about this kind of stuff. I think part of that is my husband's a camera operator, I've been a long-time journalist, so in newsrooms, a very dark sense of humour, similar to the crematoriums, so we talk about death and dying an awful lot at home, but I think it's important to have those conversations and to prepare for a good enough death as much as you can. Tracey: I mean, what does a good enough death mean to you? Have you thought about that yourself? James: Yeah, well I have. I've had some, you know, health issues, had a cancer last year, and so that sort of thing, you know, you do start to confront it and think about it. I'm the fall asleep in the bed, you know, go to bed one night, don't wake up. Tracey: The classic. James: That's the classic. Give me the classic. I'm happy with the classic. Hannah: …Hopefully after you've just finished penning your magnum opus, surrounded by friends and family. James: The end, you know. For me to be onstage, I've just finished a searing saxophone solo, and everyone's just ‘Amazing! Unbelievable!’ Down you go. Something like I mean, sudden, seems to be, just immediate. Immediate and sudden, no suffering. Hannah: Well, that's the thing. Hannah: People always ask me, you know, do you fear death, are you afraid of death? And frankly, after studying it for this long, no, not at all. And I think in an odd way, there is some kind of horrific privilege of having at least one of your parents die young because all of a sudden, you do start thinking about all these things and you learn to live with death, even if you don't like it a lot of the time. I don't fear death, I do fear the prolonged dwindling. Right, like that, the kind of ageing poorly without support in a way that I can't make the controls, and and you know, can't make decisions. That's much more scary to me than death. Death is kind of a great mystery. James: Your interaction with your mother, Tracey, led you to looking at voluntary assisted dying. What did people say about it? What was the general, when you first started to talk about it, when you first started to campaign for it, what would people say? Tracey: What I noticed was a disconnect, that people in the community overwhelmingly supported this because they’d seen loved ones die. But in our parliaments, I saw there a lot of people, a higher percentage than the normal population, are quite religious in our parliaments. Hannah: …Completely unrepresentative... Tracey: …Unrepresentative. And so a lot of organised religions are pushing back against it and therefore there wasn't an appetite for change because of that. I think it took these wonderful lobby groups to get the politicians to listen and for them to realise that there was a groundswell of support. And also, of course, with the examples in the Netherlands and Oregon and Canada who have quite different laws to us. But very successful laws. You rarely see people, I think it's 99.9% successful – only a tiny amount of people who are abusing the legislation, tiny, tiny – but the rest of it, everyone overwhelmingly aligns with it. So it's done in a very ethical and proper kind of way. James: So do you feel as though when you first started talking about it, really, most people were on board? It wasn't something, it wasn't one of those things where we're really trying to, we had to convince people. Tracey: No, that's right, except for people who were particularly religious. Because, let's face it, everyone, pretty much, unless you're quite young, has had a loved one die, so this is something that affected everyone. James: Yeah. I suppose I was wondering. Like someone, some friend, the other day, you know, how have you been, blah, blah, blah. And he went, ‘oh, I had a weird thing yesterday, like, my uncle died’. And I went, ‘oh, that's sad’. And he said, ‘no, no, it was voluntary, he did the voluntary assisted death. He died yesterday afternoon at two o'clock’, you know. I went, ‘oh, wow, you know, you're there?’ ‘Yeah, we're all there, and, you know, it was great, we had a lovely morning with him. We had dinner the night before, and then it just all took place.’ I said, wow, how amazing. And what I was really struck by was what a normal conversation this was. It was a bit like saying, ‘we went to holiday in Queensland’. You know, like it was sort of, he wasn't describing some outlandish thing, you know, it was suddenly this thing, suddenly voluntary assisted dying was just part of the fabric of our, of our lives. You know, do you feel that that's happened in Australia? Tracey: I do feel it's become more normalised, to your point, over the last 20 years. But there's still a lot of academic debate about at what, at what point should you be able to do it. At the moment in Australia, it's overwhelmingly someone with a terminal illness. And it's done by themselves or their doctor, their practitioner. But there are people who want to bring it in for people who are elderly and, and suffering and don't want to live any longer, to support them there. So we're seeing, I guess, a fragmentation of the discussion and the arguments. And I'll be interested to see which way that goes down the track. There's a lot of debate about people, to your point earlier with Alzheimer's, people who have dementia. Hannah: Sensory pleasures. Like, people being able to taste and smell and touch and hug become really important at the end of life. Tracey: Oh, that reminds me of someone I know who did have a good death, who was my grandfather, Mum's father. He lived until 94, and I cared for him towards the end of his life. Our kids were little then, they were probably 7 and 8. And he had that burst, and they said, come on in, he'll die in the next couple of days. We brought in oysters, we brought in red wine. I brought in the kids because I think it was important for them to see that, and he had a good death within the next 24 hours. So it is possible. I think it's rare, but it's possible. James: Yeah, if you know what's happening. A lot of your speciality, Hannah, is in Buddhism. What do Buddhists make of voluntary assisted dying? Hannah: Well, I will say that Buddhism is a religion with over 500 million people in it. So it's kind of like asking, what are the Christians? James: …Right. Right. Hannah: …or what are the Western people think about voluntary assisted dying? So, a range of views. James: Range of views. Hannah: Really huge range of views. James: I suppose I was just wondering whether there was anything in the Buddhist canon as such or the Buddhist, you know, view that just went, no, let life take its course. That, you know, you must experience suffering, so therefore you must experience all life. Hannah: Well, suffering is pretty important to Buddhism, right? And suffering well, and learning to suffer well, is really important. So there are some Buddhists who would oppose voluntary assisted dying because there's a prohibition against killing, right? But most people in Buddhism will, say, weigh that prohibition against killing against, kind of, the experience of suffering, right, and lessening people's suffering. So certainly there are some Buddhists who would say, no, you know, we need to experience suffering and learn how to experience the suffering at the end of life. And that can be quite instructive. It's also why some Buddhists may, uh, deny pain medication and even, you know, deny anything that kind of clogs their mind, because they want to be conscious at the end of life. They want to experience it all, you know, see where their consciousness goes to the next reincarnation. But there's also a, you know, a massive Buddhist movement that has always kind of seen humanity on quite a similar level to animals, right, that we are all beings of this world, and therefore in the same way that we would, you know, have compassion for the suffering of a pet and, you know, euthanase a pet that's going through unavoidable suffering, with many Buddhists who would therefore support the euthanasia of a human being that's going through suffering, right, in the same way. Because humans are not particularly special, right, we're just another being in this world and we'd want to show the same compassion for both of those. James: Yeah, yeah. Hannah: Huge range of views. James: Yeah. Tracey, you said, you said you're an atheist. Does that mean, you know, once the final curtain falls, that's it? Tracey: Well, I'm one of those very open-minded atheists, James, who, if I am diagnosed with something, I fully am open to the opportunity of religion if I end up needing it at that time. And I imagine a lot of people do that. And if, if I do decide to do that, I would choose Buddhism. Hannah: There's actually a fascinating piece of research that just came out, Professor Manning, a religious studies scholar, and she looked at older atheists and what they think about the end of life. Because we tend to think, well, religious people have beliefs, but we don't really study atheists’ beliefs, right, we just think they all think nothing. But she actually found that there was kind of three different kind of world views or narratives that came out, that can be summarised as: lights out, recycling, or mystery. James: I'm all three. I'm all three. Hannah: So the first one is this idea, it's kind of like – death is like anesthesia, you just, that's it. You're at the end, you know, there's nothing, and it's often very biomedical, right. It's like sleep, but you don't dream, so it's more like anesthesia. You know, we've all, maybe all experienced that, and that's what these people believe, that that will be the end. The second one is recycling. So this is the food for worms idea, right, that yes, I will die, but my, you know… Carl Sagan: ‘We are all made of stardust’, right, we'll go back into the universe and one day I will be an oak tree or a, you know, something, quite, you know, a beautiful idea, which I, you know, I think I subscribe to that, I quite like that. And then the third one that they described around atheists was just mystery. That, for a certain group of people, who knows? And we can't ask anyone. And so that it was, it was almost kind of curiosity and excitement towards the end of life. So there are, yeah, you know, this is quite a great mystery, it's a great adventure, right, that we should all go on. James: Yeah, fantastic. We didn't talk much about, I suppose, the emotion we might feel around death at various points. You know, like, I've observed lots of conversations on the radio where my parents' generation, ‘stiff upper lip’... Hannah: …Stoicism… James: …‘How's she doing? Oh, very well.’ Which means she wasn't feeling anything at all. There's been no, you know, like, that's sort of how you're meant to feel. We now tend to be very emotional about death, you know, like it's, like it's part of our funeral rites, I suppose, to release that, to make sure we all howl. Hannah: Yeah, we have this kind of catharsis model of the funeral, right, which is this idea that, you know, you kind of, even if you might not want to, you go to the funeral and you cry it all out with other people and you have this communal experience of grief. And somehow that is helpful, if not entirely necessary for our long-term grief. But, you know, there's many cultures around the world where wailing is a big tradition, right, so that, you know, women physically throwing themselves at the coffin, howling, collectively crying. You know, it might be an extended period of wearing a certain colour, wearing black, you know, gathering together. Those kind of rituals can also be a way for people to process grief and emotion. You think of, particularly like, you know, in the Jewish tradition of sitting shiva, right, that after someone dies, you immediately gather, right, and there's an extended period of everyone sitting together and dedicated to experiencing grief together. That's quite different to our kind of one-day funeral a week or two after the person's died, and we all go back to our home. Hannah: And it kind of depends on, like, what kind of level of social ties that your cultural society engages in the funeral, right. Do you have a very small private funeral where it's only the immediate family who are the ones that are supposed to be grieving? Or is it everyone you knew in that society, and you have a responsibility to go and be there because you're part of a much larger social fabric, right. And that can be quite different – it can be a 300 or 400-person funeral. You know, one of the largest social groups in Australia is South Asian, Indian, Hindu migration, right? Often extremely large funerals, 300, 400 people in some cases, right, because there's a different expectation about who are the mourners, who is the congregation, who are the people that gather together and stand against death, as it were. Tracey: Another big difference seems to me, and I'd love to hear more about you on this, is the cultures that sit with the body for three days, or have the open coffin for viewing… James: …the body stays at home… Tracey: …of the body, or the body stays at home. Because my sister and I sat with Mum's body for as long as we were legally and practically allowed to in the hospital, which was hours and hours and hours. And when we told a lot of our Western friends, they said what an awful thing to do. But it was really lovely because it cemented the idea that she was actually gone. We told her stories. My sister and I laughed. We cried. It was actually incredibly therapeutic. Hannah: Yeah, and this is one of the difficulties, is people feel, because they have a lot of… People don't have a lot of information, right, so if you're lucky, very lucky, then you'll organise maybe one or two funerals during your whole life, right, and probably there'll be those for your parents, right. And you just don't have a lot of information because we don't talk about it. So you don't know what you're allowed to do. But you know, in all states and territories across Australia, you are allowed to be with that body for an extended period of time. You're allowed to bring that body home. You know, you can actively resist pressures from the hospital and the hospice and everyone else to get you out the door. You can say, no, I would like to be with this body for a bit longer. And as you say, there is also technologies that can allow you to bring the body into the home. I mean, the reason we call them funeral parlours is the front parlour of the house. That is the room where we used to display the body and be with the body and that still occurs in many cultures around the world. You know, it's difficult; it can be difficult. It's not always the right decision, you know, you have to think about your particular circumstances, but it is possible. James: Yeah. Well, thank you so much. Any final words? Tracey: Only that I think we should all choose our own funeral soundtrack. I've been doing that with a girlfriend lately. James: …What's she gone with? Tracey: …Because, you know… well, I've gone with Edith Piaf. Hannah:…Ah, classic… Tracey: …‘No Regrets’, of course. Absolute classic. And my friend is still choosing from five. But I think, otherwise someone else gets a choice, and they might choose something terrible. James: Yes, no, I think that's very important, get your, get your, get your funeral songs sorted out… Hannah: Catering, funeral songs… James: …the whole soundtrack, the catering you'd be concerned about, you want everyone to have something… Hannah: … delicious. James: …any special cheeses or wines you want? Hannah: French. Yeah, this is what we did for my dad as well. It was like red wine, good French cheese, baguettes, you know. If you're going to grieve, if you're going to cry, you need some sustenance to support you. Tracey: Comfort food. Hannah: Comfort food, exactly. James: Yeah, very nice. Tracey: Before we let you go, what's your funeral song? James: Do you mean, what do I want people to hear as the coffin's going out or something like that? I don't know if I've made that choice yet. I don't know. Hannah: Hard rock? Tracey: Jazz? Hannah: Pop? James: No, it'll be something jazz, I guess, or something in that tradition. It's probably none of the Frank songs. Tracey: Something majestic, though. James: So yeah, ‘Zadok the Priest’, Handel… Hannah: …Oh, I like that. Old school. James: …Something huge! I haven't decided. Yeah, it's, it's but you're right. Like everything, do it, put some effort into it, you know, and have all that stuff ready for your children, for those that are going to have to do it, a little folder somewhere. Tracey: You could play some of your television clips from over the years. James: Oh, I don't think so, Tracey. I think yours might have something like… Hannah: …a highlights reel… Tracey: …a showreel! James: Yeah, my showreel. No, let's not do that. It's largely children's television, Tracey. No one wants to see that. Tracey: That would be great at a funeral. James: I could conduct a – I'd like to conduct a beyond-the-grave talkback session, probably, talkback radio or something. That could be very fun. Hannah: People could all call in to your funeral. James: Oh, I love that! Tracey: Interactive funerals! James: It's a ‘simil’ funeral. It's being broadcast on the station and then people can call in with their tributes. Oh, that's good. Hannah: Anything is possible. James: That is good. Okay, we've got it. Thank you for helping me sort that out. Hannah: We've done it. James: Well, thanks so much to our guests, Dr Hannah Gould and Tracey Spicer. You've been listening to Season 6 of Life's Booming, Dying Well, brought to you by Australian Seniors. Please leave a review or tell someone about it. If you want more, head to seniors.com.au/podcast. May your life be booming. I'm James Valentine.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Let’s talk about death, baby From breaking the stigma to understanding the conversations we need to have before we die, beloved broadcaster and advocate Andrew Denton and clinical psychologist Dr Kerrie Noonan dissect everything we should and shouldn’t say about death. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. Featuring interviews with famous faces as well as experts in the space, we uncover what they know about what we can expect. There are hard truths, surprising discoveries, tears and even laughs. Nothing about death is off the table. Andrew Denton is renowned as a producer, comedian and Gold Logie-nominated TV presenter, but for the past decade he has been devoted to a very personal cause. He is the founder of Go Gentle Australia, a charity advocating for better end of life choices that was instrumental in passing voluntary assisted dying (VAD) laws across Australia. Senior clinical psychologist Dr Kerrie Noonan is director of the Death Literacy Institute; director of research, Western NSW Local Health District; and adjunct Associate Professor, Public Health Palliative Care Unit, La Trobe University. For the past 25 years she has been working to create a more death literate society, one where people and communities have the practical know-how needed to plan well and respond to dying, death and grief. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel -- Disclaimer: Please be advised that this episode contains discussions about death, which may be triggering or upsetting for some listeners. Listener discretion is advised. If you are struggling with the loss of a loved one, please know that you are not alone and there are resources available. For additional support please contact Lifeline on 131 114 or Beyond Blue on 1300 224 636. TRANSCRIPT: James: Hello, and welcome to Life's Booming. I'm James Valentine, and this season, we're talking about death. Or, on this episode, why we don't talk about it enough. Death is really easy to talk about, but avoiding the subject just makes things even harder. From breaking the stigma to understanding the conversations we must have before we die, I'll be dissecting everything we should and shouldn't say about death with two fascinating minds. Andrew Denton is the founder of Go Gentle Australia. A charity advocating for better end of life choices, but you probably know him better from so many shows on our TV. And Dr Kerrie Noonan is a senior clinical psychologist and social researcher, determined to increase our death literacy. Kerrie, Andrew, thanks so much for joining us. Do you know one another? Andrew: Yes we do. Yeah. Kerrie: Yeah, along the way. Andrew: We've had a few conversations about death, dying, literacy, all those things. Yeah. James: How did you learn about death? Like when did you, and who did you go to talk to? When did you start thinking about it? Andrew: Well, I think you learn about death the way everybody does, which is you experience it. And the first time it happened to me, I made a documentary about teenagers with cancer, Canteen, the support group, and one of those young men died. And his parents very generously invited me to visit him as he was dying. And that was the first time I actually saw what death can be. And it was, it was very hard to see and then watching my own father die obviously was a profound moment for me because that was an unhappy death. But how I've learned about it since is, I imagine a bit like Kerrie. I've had thousands of hours of conversations with people who are dying and their families and their carers. And, I've learned so much about death I feel I've mastered it and can move on. James: Yeah, true. That's right. Is that, is this what you mean by death literacy, that, that in some ways we just need to be talking about it more? Kerrie: It's, it's talking about it. That, that's one aspect. But it's, it's kind of developing your know-how and being able to put that know-how into practice. So, you can maybe talk about, maybe have some competency in terms of talking or maybe doing one element, related to death and dying. But, when you put it into practice, that's when death literacy kind of really comes to life. It kind of sits, some of the research we've done recently, it's evident that death literacy sits in networks, in-between people, within people, in communities, so it's not just about individuals. James: I suppose I'm wondering about at what point we might have this, or there'd be a difference in death literacy with 20-year-olds than there would be with 80-year-olds, right? Kerrie: Yes, experience changes your death literacy. That's probably the strongest predictor. So we started this research looking at networks of care and how people kind of come together. And so where we're at now is we're looking at what are the predictors and what are the things that we understand so that we can understand more about how to make more death literacy, I guess. So an example, that's your question, well I can give a real example. When my mum was in hospital, we were, we needed someone to help us to move mum from the hospital to home because we wanted to take her home. And we couldn't get the health system or the medical system to do that. So I put an email out, a text message out to my friends who happened to work in the death space. And within an hour we had someone, within two hours, mum was home. And so. That took, you know, that set off a little chain of conversations, emails, texts. And while I was doing that, my brother was getting the medication sorted and other things sorted for my mum. So we really, we utilised, to bring my mum home, we utilised like every bit of knowledge and our networks to do that. James: But you were at the centre of, you know, you, you study this, you're a, you know, an advocate for it, and so you're at the centre of it. You would have a network. I mean, I don't know that I've got the same network. I'd, I could put it out to my friends and they'd go, we could bring wine. Oh, you know, like, I don't know that they'd, I don't know that they'd be that practical. Kerrie: But that's actually helpful too. You need your friends to turn up with wine and, and bread and whatever comforts. So we found that younger people, for example, so we've done two kind of national studies just to kind of demonstrate your point about younger people. Between, 2019, pre COVID, and 2023, we looked at the population and we looked at death literacy and how it changed. And we found that voluntary assisted dying and COVID had an impact on people's death literacy, particularly for the younger people, anyone who's experienced a death, anyone who's been through loss, has higher death literacy than people who haven't. And so, there's lots of things that contribute to that, but, COVID, I think, we're still kind of looking at the data, but certainly voluntary assisted dying because of the way that you need to kind of have conversations, you need to actually reach out to your networks, you need to talk to doctors, you know, there are actually lots of interactions in that that really stretch your skills and, your understanding. James: It's only a few generations back when death was very present in our life. The conversation about voluntary assisted dying has perhaps allowed us to have that conversation again. Have you seen that? Andrew: Yeah, I think that's right. I mean, there's, there's a lovely, witty observation that in Victorian times they talked about death all the time and never about sex. And today it's the other way around. It's not that many generations ago where the body would lie in the house and there'd be a viewing in the house. And so it was, it was a more human thing, the way Kerrie's describing her friends helping her mother come home, that's a communal and human thing. And when I talk about voluntary assisted dying, I must and I want to bracket it with palliative care, because really, despite the fact politically they were oppositional during the legislative debate, they're very much on the same end of the spectrum, which is we're all going to die, and the concept of palliative care, which is also the same idea of voluntary assisted dying, is not, ‘Let's get you to the dying bit, but how do you live as well as you can while you are dying?’ And that dying process could be very short or it could be very long, it could be several years. You, usually you can't be really clear. So the whole point as Kerrie said about voluntary assisted dying and palliative care is you talk about these things. And interestingly, I think there's a paralysis around death, and you know, you said, well, my friends wouldn't know what to do, they'd bring wine, as Kerrie said, that's no bad thing. But if you put out a call to your friends to say, I need to move my fridge, somebody's going to say, I've got a ute. James: Yes. Andrew: …your need, perhaps, to leave hospital and go home, that's the same question… James: They might have a ute. Andrew: …It's just, it's just a human question, which is, I need help. And not only do we get paralysed in the face of death and assume that the experts have the answers, but the experts often get paralysed in the face of death. They don't know how to have those conversations either. So one of the things that voluntary assisted dying absolutely has done, and there was a, a geriatrician in Victoria who said to me. He was ashamed to admit that voluntary assisted dying had made him understand how limited his practice had been, in that he had subconsciously only been asking questions of patients that he had an answer to: How's your pain? James: Right. Andrew: I can treat your pain. What are your symptoms? I might be able to treat your symptoms. Whereas what he asks now is, how do you feel? What is life like for you? That's a much more holistic question. What is it that you need? If we can't help you with it, maybe someone else can help you with it. So I think it's about transcending that paralysis in the face of death. Which is natural, but the greater group that you can talk with it about, the better. I still remember a woman I met several years ago. And she said to me from the moment her husband was diagnosed with cancer to the moment he died, he refused to talk about it. And the, it was like a sliver of ice stuck in her heart because she was frozen in that too. James: Yeah, yeah. Kerrie: Yeah, and I think what we, what we found in a lot of our research too, Andrew, was that, carers were often, had massive networks that the person who was dying didn't know about… Andrew: Right… Kerrie: …as well. So I think that's, that's the other thing, about some of these conversations is that, once you know that you've got community who's up for the conversation or up for whatever around you that a lot of carers are, can have that access to other people. James: And you mean the person dying doesn't know because they don't ask, unless they're talking about it, then no-one thinks to bring it forward? Is that what you mean? Kerrie: Yeah. I think what happens in that situation is a carer can become quite isolated like the dying person. If they don't want to talk about it, there actually are still practical things to organise. There are still things, where are the passwords? How do you get into the bank account? What bills need paying? Andrew: I'm trying that with my wife all the time and she's not even dying! Kerrie: That's right. They continue but you don't get to have the conversation with the person. Andrew: Actually, Geraldine Brooks, a beautiful author, her husband Tony, who is a friend, he died very suddenly, dropped dead in the street, and he was young, in his early 60s. And she's just written a book about this called Memorial Days, about that whole experience. And that's the strongest piece of practical advice she gives, which is, prepare for your death by helping others. James: Yes. Andrew: Like, leave the passwords, explain how these things work. The best things I've learnt about the idea of preparing for death and thinking about death, actually I'm pretty sure came from some of your literature, Kerrie, which was the idea of an emotional will. And an emotional will is not about, to you James, I'll leave my ute. It's actually about, to you James, I'm going to leave, my favourite city in the world. Limerick in Ireland, and here's some money for you to go there, or to you James, I'm going to leave these five songs, which mean something to me. It's actually about, well this poem, it's about gifting something of spiritual life value as opposed to an object. James: Yeah. Following the, the, the legislation in New South Wales, now pretty much in every state, Andrew, where, what do you see now? What do you see in our society now? What do you see happening? Andrew: Look, there's still the same paralysis and fear about death. I think that's, that's kind of natural. You know, one of the people on our board of Go Gentle is the former federal president of the AMA, who's a neurosurgeon, and he said when his dad was dying in hospital, he was afraid to ask for, you know, more help because he didn't want to be annoying. So, you know, I mean, this is the head of the AMA. To me the big question is not so much, how individual families or individuals respond even though it's very important. To me the big conversation is within the medical professions. And I don't actually say that critically. Because we're all equally struggling with the concept of the abyss. And I think, it is an acknowledged problem in healthcare, of futile care at the end of life. It's giving a 90-year-old a hip replacement, for example, just over-treating. Because of the, I've heard it described as ‘doctor as hero’. You know, we give, we give doctors, quite reasonably, a special place in our society. Because we ask special things of them. But part of that training is, we must win. We must treat. When I was first told this by a doctor in Oregon, when I went there. When they said, oh, we see death as a defeat, I actually laughed. I thought they were joking. I said, it's… James: You know you can't win. He turns up with that scythe at some point. Andrew: So I think there's a much broader conversation about what is dying, and how do we have that conversation with people who are dying. And I think… James: I suppose I just thought, I have had a couple of conversations recently with people who have a relative or parent who has gone through voluntary assisted dying… Andrew: Yes… James: …And what I noticed was the way they talked about it, in a sense, wasn't much different to, oh, we went to Europe. You know, we had a nice trip. Like, it was very normal, the way they said it. They went, I was at my uncle's death yesterday. Andrew: It can be. It can be. You know, dying affects different people differently. There are people who have gone through the voluntary assisted dying process who totally support it and are very glad it's there, but still found the experience traumatic. It's not a silver bullet. James: Right. Andrew: It doesn't, it, it's merciful, and it's peaceful, but it doesn't, it certainly doesn't remove grief, and it doesn't remove, for many people, the unreality of dying. We hear many, many testimonies of families deeply grateful for the way in which they are able to say farewell. And I think that's a very important part of voluntary assisted dying. A genuine ability to say farewell. But people are different. There's one man that insisted, who used voluntary assisted dying, and insisted that he be only with his doctor. And the reason he gave, which I find both beautiful and heartbreaking, he said, ‘I don't want the love of my family holding me back’. So, you know, I always maintain when I talk about this. James: [sigh] I felt the same thing. I did the same thing. I know. You know, huge. Andrew: Whenever I've talked about this, I've always maintained, none of us know how our dying will be. All we know is that it will be hours and hours alone. And I think that's why I struggle with, that philosophy that somehow or other, that, our dying is about society at large or about some universal rule that we might be breaking if we don't do it the right way. James: Kerrie, you know, I sort of want to acknowledge that you've been through death quite recently, that your mother died only a few weeks ago as we're having this conversation. As someone who's then spent their life studying this area and thinking about this area, what have you learned from the death of your mother? Kerrie: It looks similar to what Andrew said before about his colleague, the doctor. Like, well, I went straight to the practical things, didn't I? Like, it's a kick, grief's a kick in the guts, let's face it. Knocks you on your butt. James: And we are very practical in those first weeks, aren't we? At the moment of death and afterwards. Kerrie: Just the other day, when we dropped my daughter off to uni, I went to text my mum, as I would usually do. And text her the photo of her in her dorm. And I think this is, you know, I was really glad of my experience because I just sat there and cried for about five minutes, actually. I just needed to blubber and cry. I could have sucked it up. We could have just, you know, driven on. But actually it was really helpful just to really deeply acknowledge that moment. That was the first time. That I'd experienced that real sense of wanting to, to, communicate with her. Andrew: I hope it won't be the last time you hear her cry about your mum. Kerrie: No, it won't be. It won't be. But when she died, because of the work that we had done, I didn't cry initially. Andrew: Yeah. Kerrie: And this is this individual kind of experience of going through this. I didn't, immediately cry. I felt intense relief for my mum. And so I was just reflecting on that. I was like, ‘Whoa, I'm not crying’. The other thing that is, is on my mind is that it took an ICU doctor on the day that mum… So mum had three MET calls. And if you don't know what a MET call is, and you're listening to this, this is where every registrar, every emergency person on call, runs to the bed of the person who is, who's crashing. James: Right. Kerrie: …and she had three of those. And by the end, I'm glad I wasn't there because I hear that mum was very distressed. James: Right. Kerrie: And it took an ICU doctor to sit down with her and go, what do you want Maureen? James: Yeah. Andrew: Yeah. Kerrie: And mum said, I'm done. And so it didn't matter that I'd done that with the doctors, multiple times, or that she had an advanced care directive, clearly stating, do not give me, treatment that will prolong my life. It didn't matter that all of those things were in place. What mattered, was that ICU doctor who absolutely, compassionately just stopped everything and talked to my mum. And it's a pretty brave thing when your heart is failing and other things are happening in your body to say, no more, I'm done. Because that does, that's a decision about you only have a certain amount of time left in your life then. So, that doctor changed the course of my mum's dying. And, yeah, I'll never forget that. And then the compassion at which she called me to talk with me about what mum had decided. And the checking. The difference – one of the other things that I found – the difference between a doctor with really, like, person-centered communication skills and someone who's focused on getting the job done. They ring and say, ‘Hey, I'm caring for your mum. I'm caring for your person. What do you understand about what's happening?’ James: Right. Right. Kerrie: And every time, they did that… James: …they want to listen to you first, yeah. Kerrie: …Yeah. Every time they did that, it just gave me an opportunity, even though I know this gig, I've talked a hundred times on the other side of that conversation with people, but it just made me realise the just incredible, that empathy, you feel it in your bones on a whole other level when someone is truly going, ‘Tell me, tell me your story, tell me your bit.’ And, that was, that was a big learning and a big reflection as a health professional, as someone who's been there. The other thing, sorry, you cracked that open, didn't you? The other, the other part was, no one asked, me or my brother, about, about our experience, our previous experiences, and who we were, and what we did, and who were these children taking their mum home. My brother's a nurse. I've worked in palliative care for a million years, and it was a really interesting thing having to, like, I just wanted someone to go, Hey, have you done this before? And maybe I'm being a bit biased there because that's something that, because I've got a death literacy lens over things. And I'm always interested in, Hey, what have you done before? Hey, what experiences do you want to bring to this one? What do you know about what you're facing? What do you want to know about next? They were all the questions that I would be asking if I was working with someone. I really wanted someone to ask me those questions. Andrew: In a palliative care setting, you would probably have been asked those questions, you would hope. Kerrie: I hope so. Andrew: In a general hospital, maybe not. I think that speaks to two things, what we're talking about, which is paralysis in the face of death and, a sense of we just treat, we treat, we treat. This is what we do. Everybody's terrified of being accused somehow of not having done enough. So I think there's that. And, the doctor, the ICU doctor you described, that strikes me as a perfect piece of medicine. And it, it absolutely accords with what a beautiful nurse said to me in South Australia some years ago. She was very emotional. She was, she was recording a piece for us about why there should be voluntary assisted dying. It was always instructive to me that the ones that really advocated for it were the nurses, because they're the ones that see the suffering. And she just said, ‘Why can't we do the right thing, human to human?’ And that's why I see this as a multi-generational discussion within the health profession. It's not that people in the health profession aren't humans or don't get that, but it's not how they're trained. And, but I also think it speaks to the pressures on the health system too. Kerrie: Yeah. Andrew: In the same way as we're talking about aged care, even though we have a much healthier health system than, say, America, it's still pressured. And we know, we hear stories from hospitals all the time of, resources that are built but not used or resources that are used but are stretched beyond reason, and so I think it's a reflection of all those things. But there was at times, and I think sometimes we don't talk about this enough, is paternalism in healthcare. Andrew: Can I explain that?! James: Yeah, that's right. Andrew: Sorry. James: Oh yeah, we covered that Kerrie, us blokes know all… Andrew: Please, do go on. Kerrie: Oh, there's a lived experience. [laughter]. Oh, yes, that. Andrew: No, I'm sorry, please do explain. James: …which you ably demonstrated… Kerrie: So, that, yeah, like paternalism, we just don't have a critical kind of conversation about paternalism in healthcare. And there's, you know, there's that difference between really great care. And then, but if you just kind of tip it a little further into ‘Hmm, do you really want to do that? Oh, don't you want to be the daughter, not the carer?’ You know, like there are, there are kind of, there are particular things that happen in healthcare that, that we don't, we aren't critical enough, is what I'm saying. I don't know what the answer is, but I would like the system to be more critical about, about some of those things that perhaps they take for granted a little. And, look, sometimes it would be maybe permission for a family to kind of, yeah, be the daughter. James: Well, even in my experience, my cancer experience in the last year or so, I've now done several talks at doctors conferences and things like that. And what, what sort of strikes me as funny about it is I go, ‘We’re thinking of taking an interest in the patient's perspective, perhaps you'd like to come talk about that?’ Patient's perspective. Is this new? Andrew: You know, I, I went on Q&A, about VAD quite early in my advocacy, which was a terrifying experience, by the way, and, and there was a, another fairly prominent doctor who was strongly in opposition, and I, I completed what I had to say by basically saying, you know, doctors, it's, it's time to listen to your patients. And this doctor, who's a very good writer, wrote this excoriating piece in a magazine afterwards, just accusing me of being patronising towards doctors. And I'm thinking, that's patronising? I mean, the worst example I know of this, there was a, a former AMA official and, they held a debate on this internally in 2016, that I had a link to and I, so I watched it. And he was a, a geriatrician, and a senior doctor. And somebody on the other side of the debate, because he was opposed, had put to him that there's a great public support for this. And he said, and I'm, I'm quoting pretty close to verbatim, he said, ‘That's why we're paid $200,000 a year. We make these decisions.’ And that's, so I think there is significant paternalism. There was another, a female oncologist who wrote a piece in The Australian against these laws, and even though it wasn't her headline, it was what she meant. The headline was, ‘Autonomy, it's not about you’. And you know, going back to what I was saying, there cannot be a more, you-focused experience than your dying. I don't care what your religion tells you, in the end, only you are going there when it happens. James: You've given, is it a decade now, to this? Andrew: More, I think. James: More, you know. Again, I suppose, what's your reflection on that? I sort of feel like I'm framing the question almost, are you glad you did that? You know, is that… Andrew: There are times, and I'm sure Kerrie would agree with this, there are times I think, you know, I've had enough death, thank you very much. Andrew: But I would have to say it's been the most brilliant second act for me after showbusiness, far more meaningful to me. The correspondence I've had and the conversations I've had, have been so privileged, and the gratitude that we as an organisation, Go Gentle, receive from people whose families had the option of voluntary assisted dying is immense. And, so yes, I am glad. And certainly I view this as the real work that I've done, not whatever I may have done in television. Perhaps if I'd won a Logie, I'd feel differently about that. James: I think you peaked at [1980s show] Blah, Blah, Blah, quite frankly! Andrew: Yeah, I think so, and it was all downhill after that first year, exactly! James: Yeah, well, I almost feel like I need to go and have a good cry. It's been, a beautiful discussion. Thank you so much for, uh, sharing it with us here on Life's Booming. Andrew: Can I ask you a question? Before you just wound up, you're getting teary. James: Yeah, yeah. Andrew: What are you feeling? James: I'm taking a deep breath to calm, so I can't talk, not necessarily to squash it. I'm always surprised when it comes up. I, I never quite know when I'm going to get teary. And sometimes it's, it can happen on air, like sometimes if someone starts talking about death or a relative, and I'll be listening to it and I'll suddenly go to speak and go, oh, the emotion's right there, you know. So, I'm not entirely clear. I think I'm moved by Kerrie, and sort of wanting to experience your grief in some ways, deal with that. Or I feel like, I think I'm feeling that you, you holding it in, sort of that, you know, we need to sort of let that, let that go a bit. So, it's interesting. I think I'm moved by your work as well. Look, we have a funny connection over many decades, and to observe you go through, deal with, deal with, you know, to see you transform into doing that work has been quite extraordinary. And I'm probably just contemplating my own death. [laughter] Andrew: And, exactly right, James. And during the height of COVID, quite unexpectedly, a very good, friend of mine, he rang me from Victoria and we knew his wife had pancreatic cancer, which is obviously a very tough diagnosis. And then he said she's chosen VAD and she's going to die in this state. And despite all the thousands of hours spent in that debate to get that law passed in Victoria, which was the first one in Australia, and it was an absolute brutal knife fight of a battle to get that law passed. For some reason, it had never occurred to me that somebody who I knew and loved was going to use this law. James: Yeah, right. Andrew: And I remember, despite everything I knew about it, on the day, Jennifer and I, we got our whisky glasses. We poured a whisky. We lit a candle. But I remember thinking as the clock ticked down to the moment, it felt very unreal to me. But the strong emotion that I felt at the moment, knowledge in the moment of her dying was not that she had died. It was actually about just the richness of life. Oh my god, life is so rich. And that's what I felt. I just felt, wow, life. Kerrie: I think that is what you say there is so deeply important because one of the reluctances around talking about death and dying is not being able to maybe lean into some of that feeling around that richness of life. When we were going through photo albums, there were photos there that, you know, that we'd never really taken notice of before. Damn, we wanted to know about them now. Who were they? Who are these people? Where are they now? It does connect you to life in a very profound way. And all of the messiness of that. And that's, I think, only a great thing. Watching my children, 22 and 17, be with their grandma. We did a very, a simple thing. Put a comb, a brush on the end of her bed. And mum used to love having her hair brushed. And we just said to the kids, just brush her hair, if you want. Andrew: That’s gorgeous… Kerrie: And so that just very simple action just then gave them something to be with her while she was dying. Andrew: Human to human. James: Yeah. Kerrie: Yeah. And my children did that many times, while she was dying. And, and that's when we would sit and talk about what we did with Nanny and things. And we, you know… So it's worth leaning into. I guess that's the other thing. It's worth getting the whisky out and having a think about, about, about these things and reflecting in on it, and how, and what it means to you and what you want to do. James: Thank you. Kerrie: Thanks. Andrew: Thanks, James. James: I'm gonna cry. Andrew: Come on. Let's hug it out. Come here. James: Exactly. It was very good. That was a beautiful moment. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks to our guests, Andrew Denton and Dr Kerrie Noonan. You've been listening to Season 6 of Life's Booming: Dying to Know, brought to you by Australian Seniors. Please leave a review or tell someone about it. Head to seniors.com.au/podcast for more episodes. May your life be booming. I'm James Valentine.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join James Valentine for the sixth season of Life’s Booming: Dying to Know, our most unflinching yet. We’ll have the conversations that are hardest to have, ask the questions that are easy to ignore, and hear stories that will make you think differently about the one thing we’re all guaranteed to experience: Death. Featuring interviews with famous faces as well as experts in the space, we uncover what they know about what we can expect. There are hard truths, surprising discoveries, tears and even laughs. Nothing about death is off the table. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life’s Booming, send us a voice note – lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life’s Booming on YouTube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with AmpelSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Many of us put off creating or updating our wills, often because it feels like it's something that can be addressed later. But life is unpredictable, and having a current will is vital to protecting your loved ones and reflecting your wishes when the time comes. In this special episode, host James Valentine speaks to TV personality and keynote speaker Barry Du Bois about his very personal story, and hear from Safewill CEO and founder Adam Lubofsky about the importance of securing your legacy. About the episode - brought to you by Australian Seniors.  Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 31 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in between.  This special episode commemorates Australian Seniors inaugural Update Your Will Day on 20 October, and reminds Australians of the importance of protecting your legacy for the ones we leave behind. In 2011, keynote speaker and former The Living Room presenter Barry Du Bois sat in front of a team of doctors and heard the immortal words: it's time to put your affairs in order. Facing a cancer diagnosis, he turned his attention to securing his legacy for his family. Safewill founder and CEO Adam Lubofsky created his online platform to help Australians simplify the process of writing and updating their will. He shares some of the common will myths and reminds us all of the importance of regularly reviewing your will to ensure your estate plan is current, legally valid, and reflective of your intentions.  If you want to share your story to Life's Booming, visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Watch Life's Booming on Youtube  Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts  Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify:  Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts  For more information About Australian Seniors visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience AgencySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Here we delve into another aspect of our health that is often less spoken about: mental health. Older people are more likely to experience contributing factors to depression and anxiety, such as physical illness or personal loss, but how many seek help? In this episode, comedian Mary Coustas (aka Effie) shares her very personal story, and we get insight from clinical psychologist Dr Charlotte Keating on how to better care for your mental health. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors.  Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in-between Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. Mary Coustas is one of Australia's most loved actors, comedians & corporate speakers. In 1987 she became a member of the ground-breaking stage show ‘Wogs out of Work', where her comic creation Effie was born. She is about to embark on a national tour, called UpYourselfness.  Dr Charlotte Keating is a clinical psychologist with a PhD in neuroscience, who runs her own private practice in Sydney's Lower North Shore. She is a passionate advocate for everyone's mental health, and has a particular interest in helping executives, parents, and young people. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - lifesbooming@seniors.com.au. Watch Life's Booming on Youtube  Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts  For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast  Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency   Transcript: James Valentine: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming Series 5 of this most excellent and award winning podcast. I'm James Valentine and in this series we're going to ask the question, is this normal? I mean, as we age, stuff happens to us. Our bodies change, things fall off, we get crook, stuff doesn't work as well as it used to. There's nothing we can do about it, we're getting older, we're ageing. But which bits are normal? Which bits do we have no control over? Which bits can we do something about? That's the kind of questions that we're going to be asking in this series, Is This Normal? of Life's Booming. Now, of course, if you enjoy this series, leave us a review, tell all your families and friends about it. And we want to hear from you as well. You can contribute to this. If you've got questions about things in particular that you want to know, perhaps there's some particular wear and tear happening to you, let us know. We'd love to see if we can answer that question in the series. We're going to look at things like menopause, gut health, mental health, lots of other burning questions. So think about those areas. And if there's something in there that's specific to you that you'd like us to cover, let us know. On this episode, we'll delve into another aspect of our health that is perhaps less spoken about, zeroing in on mental health. We'll be speaking to clinical psychologist Dr Charlotte Keating, who is currently practising in Sydney. But first, let's introduce someone you might know as Effie, comedian Mary Coustas. Well, hello. So we're going to talk some mental health. We're going to talk about these kind of things. What affects you as you get older, how you deal with it as you get older, what changes. What have you noticed, Mary?  Mary Coustas: Here's the thing. I love contrast. I love contradiction. I like all those things that when put together make for a more interesting mix. You feel more yourself, obviously, with age. You've worked through what matters and what doesn't, and hopefully you've found a healthy place to put what you've learned, either in practice or out there into the world. And I do it through laughter, mostly. But your body goes through something else that you should have anticipated, but you didn't. So I found the whole menopause thing really tricky, particularly for me, because when I was going through perimenopause, I was doing 10 years of IVF. So it was hard for me to know that I was going through perimenopause because I was taking IVF drugs, to have my now daughter. So then I missed that. And then I was much later, I came to motherhood late. And so then after I gave birth to my daughter, I was going through menopause, but you think because women are so accustomed to discomfort – and I'm not talking about marriage – sometimes it's that we don't connect the dots enough. So I thought it must be because I've just become a mother and the hormones from that, and I didn't realise it was the menopause thing. And the menopause thing plagues us in many different ways, but mentally it's a big one. It was the biggest one for me.  James Valentine: Before that, I mean, it's a bit of a cliche to say that the comedians are often doing that because of anxiety, because of various mental health issues. Were you that? Is Effie the outcome of that? Mary Coustas: No, I mean, yes, I had anxiety. I had a dying father. That doesn't help. Like he was unwell from before I was born. So that was the only true anxiety, apart from the racism that I encountered and then turned into a career.  James Valentine: Yeah. You mentioned that, like, Effie's a response to racism. I suppose I hadn't quite realised that. Explain how that came about.  Mary Coustas: Well, I was very confident growing up in a working class multicultural suburb. And then we moved as a family. My dad was very much a bigger picture sort of guy and said, we need to go where you can get a better education. And unfortunately that was in a very white area and I was the little seed. From the multigrain that made it into a very wide area. And I was spotted immediately. You know, everything about me. I was very into fashion. I had my Suzi Quatro haircut. I was on it. I paid a terrible price for that. For being different.  James Valentine: How old were you? Mary Coustas: I was nine. And it peaked I think a year or two in, and I just couldn't find a way to make it work for me. I was ostracised and it was tough. It was very, very tough because it was coinciding with my dad's health. And it was a very defining moment for me. And I hated the suburbs. I still get a little bit, oh god, I've got to get back to the inner. Because I feel like that's where we celebrate togetherness a bit more. We don't drive up a driveway and close the garage door and say goodbye to the day and everyone around us. I don't like that isolated feeling. So, the minute I stood on stage during my high school years, in musicals, which is ridiculous, I don't sing at all, but I mime brilliantly, I just went, okay, this is my stage, and this is where I can express myself. The Greeks built this thing thousands of years ago and they knew something and it's my thing and because I love the older generation so much and their stories, and this is beautifully folding into the conversation that we're having. I was never bored with that generation and what they'd experienced in their village stories and how they came to Australia and what that was like for them. So the marriage of that obsession with the older generation, with finding a healthy outlet to express the big noose that was hanging around my social neck, which was race, Wogs Out of Work happened.  I served Nick Giannopoulos as a waitress. He just graduated from acting school and so had I. I didn't know him. But then he told me, we went to the same primary school, the same Greek school. I mean, it was just so bizarre. And then Wogs Out of Work happened and that was the thing that changed the conversation in Australia. It was such a humongous stage show that really addressed the elephant in the cultural room and then discovered that the elephant was the best thing ever. And there were lots of elephants and there were giraffes and big lions and so I think the world has changed. Well, certainly mine has. And I think there are a lot of people out there that are now super confident. And Effie was the perfect way to illustrate a young girl like so many Greeks. On paper, Effie would appear as failed, I would imagine, her English isn't great. She's working class. She's primarily uneducated, she left at Year 10, went and studied hairdressing.  Walks into any room, whether it's with the prime minister in the room, which I've done a lot of, that high-end corporate stuff. Any room, any place feels worthy, feels relevant and still 35 years in, is that example of someone that is because of self love. It's funny because my current stage show is called Upyourselfness, and Effie, in that, says it's the only immunity we have left is to love who we are. And in the show prior to this one, this one is about political correctness and language. And as I said, Effie's never been great with language, but she's been great with feelings and demystifying things. The show before this one, Effie talked about lockdowns and COVID and she admitted to her own mental health issues. So I think she's a great mouthpiece for me to express so much of what I want to say about the world. She comes in a very animated form and I think people believe everything she says because it is based in truth, my truth. And then I wrap it up in her little boofy exterior and accent and put it out into the world. And so she was born out of necessity and out of my truth.  But yeah, I'm a very hyper sort of person, never been diagnosed with anything other than plenty of energy. And if I look at my mother who's 85, she's got plenty of it too. So I've used energy, and we were talking about this before we started, about how it's important to put the right words with things and then sometimes you can conveniently put a different word that makes it sound better or worse. Some people would look at, say, adrenaline and think that it was adrenaline rather than anxiety because it is a rush and it is something that you can put a positive spin on. I've seen a lot of people that have built great lives and careers out of using adrenaline, and then manifests later as an anxiety. So I am no expert in this. I know what I've gone through.  James Valentine: That's why we've got Charlotte. It's okay. Good. You know what you've gone through.  Mary Coustas: Yeah. And I believe that if you're a human being, you're going to have mental health issues. We're feelers.  James Valentine: Is that true, Charlotte? Is that an accurate observation? We're human beings, so we're going to at some point deal with, it could be anxiety, depression, whatever the label, we're going to deal with something.  Dr Charlotte Keating: Yeah, I think it really is. It's incredibly common, one in six people across their lifespan will experience some sort of mental health challenge, be it depression or anxiety. So I think most of us have either experienced it or have known someone who will, or has.  Mary Coustas: I suppose when I say it, I mean like we're all going to experience grief. We're all going to experience sadness. I mean, not the greatest hits of what we know mental health to be these days, which is a handful of really intense feelings. But I'm just talking about being human. Talking to somebody who's going through something very difficult that you love, or seeing a stranger you don't know on the street that evokes the empathy and all those beautiful things that reminds us of how human we are. We can't have all those feelings without suffering through plenty of them, whether they're directly ours or not. James Valentine: Is it, Charlotte, what that Mary is describing is the anxiety, the depression, those kind of things, those mental health issues – is it when those feelings are too much or become extreme? Or is anxiety, depression, something else?  Dr Charlotte Keating: Yeah, I think it's a really important distinction, James. I think for people who are experiencing depression or anxiety, sometimes those can be emotions that go with everyday life. I think certainly for older Australians, who perhaps have had less opportunity or exposure to the sorts of knowledge, awareness and information that younger Australians have today. They can often, I was thinking about what you were saying earlier in terms of your journey, they can go to the GP and perhaps present with, I have a lot of adrenaline, or I'm feeling quite tired, and not necessarily link those sorts of symptoms to perhaps there is something going on, physical or mental, that could represent perhaps more than just feeling off. I think sometimes we might feel off for a couple of weeks and we might just put it to the back of our mind and keep going. And it can be after really having let it go for some time, that in fact if you do have a chat to your GP or you do have a look, you're like, actually I've been feeling not quite myself for more than two weeks. It could in fact be months, maybe even years.  And whether it's low energy, low motivation, lack of enjoyment or pleasure in the things that might have typically brought it, perhaps even difficulty doing the things you have to do, even things like self care, memory, attention, all of those sorts of things we go, oh, that's probably because I'm tired or or what have you. They can be signposts that there is something going on that possibly you could get some help and support.  James Valentine: But I suppose for a lot of older Australians, it's also the thing to do with those things was to put it to the back of the mind, was to just go on, was to not sort of, what's all this stuff about, mental health? We didn't do that. We just got on with it, Charlotte, you know, it's all very well for you and your fancy diagnosis. We just got on with things.  Dr Charlotte Keating: It's absolutely true, James. And I was having a little look at some of the statistics on help-seeking, for Australians. And certainly for younger Australians, just for a point of comparison, 14% of 35 to 44-year-olds will seek help for their mental health concerns. Whereas 6.8% of 65 to 74-year-olds will seek help. I was actually heartened that there was a percentage of people who would.  James Valentine: Doesn't sound like many though, does it?  Dr Charlotte Keating: It doesn't.  James Valentine: In either group, really?  Dr Charlotte Keating: In either group, exactly. When you can consider the impact it can have on daily life and functioning. But 95% of older Australians see their GP and the GP is the first port of call often for being able to help with these experiences.  James Valentine: I was really struck by what you said, Mary, when you said women are used to experiencing discomfort. And so, therefore, perhaps tend to just roll it into, aagh, it's another one of those things that happens to me. They're not recognised, necessarily, that it could be a mental health issue.  Mary Coustas: It's funny what Charlotte said. I know a lot of older people that I'm close to that go to their GP to probably deal with more mental issues than physical ones. I mean, they're there way too regularly and if you have a good GP that is a good listener and loves what they do and loves their patients, you go there and I think they were stoic. They had to be. These conversations weren't being had then.  And I've been inspired by that generation so much for so many reasons. Sometimes you just have to force yourself to get on your feet and keep moving. I've experienced that personally on occasions, where just too many things happened at the same time that were too heartbreaking for me to be able to pretend it didn't. There was no hiding from heartbreak and grief and trauma and all those things, but I just think that a lot of people are terribly lonely and I think a lifetime can yield a lot of upset and grief and loss. Potential loss of physical capacity, loss of people you've loved, loss of opportunity, loss of all of those things. James Valentine: I wonder, Charlotte, if we're on two different streams here. The difficulties of life are one thing, and the extreme difficulties that Mary's describing there that so many have dealt with, that she's dealt with herself, will bring rise to moments of tension, of pain, of anguish. This is different from mental health?  Dr Charlotte Keating: Oh, it's a really good question. I think what we're really deciphering here is how do we respond to what life involves, what the journey involves. I think it's probably fair to say by the time people have lived multiple decades on the planet there is a sense of stressful life events and experiences that they've all, that they've all had. Some are certainly worse than others.  There can be a compounding effect to some of those. When we think about war or we think about growing up in other countries and things like that, there's all sorts of cultural differences as well with how we process those experiences and in fact, grief and loss as well. And I think that can also lead to questions we ask ourselves about what is normal, with respect to how we process grief, how are we supposed to do it, when is it that it might be important to perhaps seek some support in that way. You've described some stories, certainly Mary, where I'd be interested in understanding more about your experience of grief. I think for many people, perhaps it can be understood in the context of stages of grief. Kübler-Ross is someone that people are quite familiar with in the five stages of grief, being denial or shock, anger, then a sense of bargaining, what could I have done differently, and those sorts of things, with depression and sadness toward the end, and then some level of acceptance of what the loss might be at the end. And those stages aren't necessarily sequential.  James Valentine: Yeah. Or even in that order.  Dr Charlotte Keating: Or even in that order, and I think that there isn't necessarily a timeline, everybody's lives are so different. Their experience is so unique, together with their own sort of personality constructs and uniquenesses. And so, I think if you are listening and you're in a process of grief yourself and you're wondering if you might be a little bit stuck in some of that processing and as you said, Mary, it can be because sometimes there hasn't been a culture of being able to express emotionally or talk about experiences. So you might try and busy yourself or distract yourself or find ways to try and push it aside.  But it does come out, we are biological and physical beings, it's important to be able to express it. And so I would recommend if there is grief you're going through, that's really persistent, very painful and difficult, you're finding it hard not to excessively avoid, or perhaps overthink the challenge at hand, it's really impacting your capacity to get on with your day-to-day, I'd recommend having a chat with your GP about it, or if a loved one you can see is experiencing that, try and talk with them about it.   James Valentine: I suppose we don't have to think of it in terms of when we go to seek help, GP, psychologist, psychiatrist, whatever it might be, we don't have to see it in terms of there must be something wrong with me. Dr Charlotte Keating: That's it.  James Valentine: That I've got a mental health disease. You know, we can go and talk for all sorts of reasons, and maybe I only need to go for half a dozen times. Dr Charlotte Keating: Absolutely. James Valentine: Maybe it's only a short period of time where you need to just be able to talk to somebody neutral, somebody who's not in the family, someone who's outside of the situation. Mary Coustas: Yeah, look, there's a very healthy love of self when you allow yourself to express your journey and your feelings and it's not this taboo thing that we need to dismantle that instantly.  James Valentine: Have you sought help?  Mary Coustas: Yeah, I have. My dad's death was a massive loss, but that was not a tragedy. And then I had a grandmother who I was lucky enough to fly to Greece, my mother's mother, and my mum and I flew there and we were with her when she was dying and that was an honour. And that was the perfect death. You know, she was 93. That was all brilliant.  But I lost a child. And that's a very different loss. And I was given a superstar grief counsellor who is probably one of the most impressive humans I've ever met. Has done better work than I don't know what else. I mean, a brain surgeon would do it with a knife. She does it with openness and no judgment. And she navigated me through what was territory I never dared to imagine, and even beyond that. When I was then pregnant with my now daughter, I was worried that that would rob me of the joy I was finally faced with. And so I had to go and see someone. But someone alerted me to that. My obstetrician, Vijay Roach, super duper star, he's the one that got me Deb de Wilde, who was my grief counsellor. He said, I think you need to go and talk to somebody because he knew my concerns. I'd worked so hard to finally get what I wanted and I didn't want to be in denial of what I'd experienced prior to that. That had happened, but I wanted to put it somewhere healthy and I went and saw somebody and they said, look, there's two ways you can deal with this, you can tell yourself that it's a fear fantasy and you've concocted it, but that doesn't work for you, that wasn't a fear fantasy, that was a reality you survived. So let's take that one off the table, and let's just accept that you have these feelings, these feelings will come and go, and you let them pass through you.  And I did the work. She gave me some exercises to do, and I've got to tell you that on the day of my daughter's birth, I went back to the same hospital where my other daughter had died, and I was in, literally, in the same spaces with the same faces. And I did not connect the two until there was a male nurse that got put on. And he'd also lost a child. And he approached me just before I went into the theatre to deliver my daughter. And it came through another human being. And he said I needed to see the happy part of the story. He was wanting to build up his hope for what was ahead for him. So it happened in the most perfect way. James Valentine: That was a good moment because I could almost imagine, oh, why did you choose this moment to come and talk?  Mary Coustas: Oh no, it was a great moment. And then we had a bit of a cry and I went in and then I was so present to what was about to happen and then when I was being wheeled out holding onto my daughter, high as a kite, I looked at him and we smiled. It was just beautiful. It was like something in the movies, you know. James Valentine: Yeah. Charlotte, as people age, unfortunately, these kind of moments will happen, a child can die. Not necessarily in birth, but your 20-year-old, your 25-year-old. You're 60, 70, 80, your child can die. Your partner can die. Your friends start to die.  You yourself will start to face things that are going to be extremely difficult. And again, I wonder whether we conflate these things into, you'll only go and talk to a psychologist or counsellor of some sort, the priest when it's really extreme, or if you've actually got some sort of mental health issues.  Again, this is not the case, is it?  Dr Charlotte Keating: Yeah, I think it's shifting a little bit, James, but I think it has long been that challenge of, oh, unless I'm really at breaking point, then that's for somebody else who really needs it. That's not for me.  James Valentine: I had to have had a nervous breakdown. Dr Charlotte Keating: Yeah, I think that's exactly right. And I think that as you just both described, life is full of challenges and losses at various different stages, whether it's when you're trying to start a family or, as you get older, family members might have challenges or problems going on themselves. It could even be in the context, there were things we don't ordinarily think about, say retirement, and moving towards something that you've derived a great deal of sense of self worth, purpose, meaning.  There's a change in one's sense of self or identity that can surround that and even things like irritability and anxiety can be linked to those but people don't necessarily know. Sometimes they do, but they don't always necessarily know and sometimes it'd be so valuable, as you said before, Mary, having a conversation with someone who really can change the trajectory of subsequent experiences you have, not even just the one that you might be seeking some sort of counsel for. Mary Coustas: Yeah. And I also think with these conversations, the people that will help you get on the road to alleviating some of the discomfort of being human are not often the doctor. Someone else will tell you about it, you will have a conversation, this is where it's important we stay close and we keep talking to each other. And I don't want this to be simply about what is difficult because there are so many great joys. And if you can get to those highs, you're going to get to those lows, you know? But friends or someone like in my case where people have said I had an issue, with something like that, you should talk to. And it just makes it feel much more natural and less taboo-ish if it's coming from someone who's done it themselves.  And we need to keep reminding ourselves. That's why campaigns like R U OK? Day and all of those beautiful things that people have put out there, just to remind ourselves that some days are going to be better than others. And there are memories and triggers everywhere for us, especially if you've gone through difficult things that can evoke those feelings to come back up to the surface. And we know that community is a huge part of what makes people happy in that whether you're watching the Blue Zones documentary series or listening to people from The Happiness Institute or wherever you go to find your insights into what is healthy and what breeds longevity.  And it is community. And it is a priest, in those days, or an older family friend that perhaps isn't directly in your family, or someone you can go to and talk to about the things that are weighing you down. And I think that even podcasts like this are so useful to just say… You can't afford to ignore those things that are very difficult to get through. We're not supposed to get through this stuff alone.  James Valentine: Yeah.  Mary Coustas: We're born in communities and surrounded by people, and we should take complete advantage of that. James Valentine: And it makes me think that particularly for men, as you say, are perhaps not as accustomed to talking, not as accustomed to having those sort of friendships that women have, that I'm often quite jealous of. It's like, how come you've got these four friends you go and talk to all the time? Men need to cultivate that. Men need to learn to cultivate that, and perhaps particularly in retirement, those work contacts have gone, and you need to learn how to have those conversations that are intimate, that are real, and have that group of friends. You play golf with them, you play tennis with them, it doesn't matter what the initial contact is, but start to change the nature of the conversation at the bar afterwards.  Mary Coustas: But don't you think golf,  the reason why it's taken off so much is two: one, you're competing with yourself, right? And that's the healthiest competition there is, as far as I'm concerned. I always say to my daughter, you're not competing against anyone else, you're competing against yourself.  But also it allows for talking time between moments, and I think that's why particularly so many men are drawn to golf.  James Valentine: Yeah, that's right. But I think this is something, Charlotte, for men to probably deliberately consider, you might need to deliberately think about cultivating that group that's perhaps got a different kind of talk going on. Dr Charlotte Keating: I think that's right, James, and I'm hesitant to say, but I almost want to say, watch what the women around you do, and try and go, okay, well, that's what they talk about, or those are the sorts of things maybe I can do that too. I think as well, there's leaps and bounds being made in places and spaces like the Men's Shed, definitely a place where the capacity to be vulnerable and connect and really talk honestly is created.  And I think if you're going for exercise in the morning, you can often see perhaps the end point of the cycling gang, they're having their coffee and they're actually just talking and chatting a little bit.  James Valentine: But stop talking about bikes, fellas. Come on.  Mary Coustas: Stop avoiding the real issue.  Dr Charlotte Keating: I wouldn't argue with that. But I think it's trying to take the opportunities where they might present and then also thinking about what sorts of hobbies and things do I like doing? Maybe I've played golf once every couple of years or, if I had to, maybe I'll actually pick it up with some determination. Or tennis or cycling or walking or swimming.  Mary Coustas: Or in the case of the Greeks – because I spend a lot of time in Greece, I've got a house there and all my family apart from my mum and my brother are in Greece – the men meet every day and have coffee. Every day.  James Valentine: Do they talk? Do those old men sit there and talk?  Mary Coustas: They talk about everything. James Valentine: Real stuff? Mary Coustas: Real stuff. Greeks, we like to think that our feelings live on the outside of our body. We're very verbal and expressive.  James Valentine: Right, right. If only you could keep some in.   Mary Coustas: Yes, exactly. Do I really need to know that every little detail?  But you see them and my house is around the corner from the oldest cafe in the area and they gather there every morning. And they play backgammon and they chat about what's happening with their kids, and their grandchildren and what they have to do that day, and then they meet up again, either later when it cools down again for the evening, but they're out.  And I think one of the best things that you could do, and I say it to so many people when we're chatting about this, is you've got to be careful of the conversations you're having inside your head. And you've got to get outside of your head and into, all of you, into a physical world, into a social world. Because you can talk yourself into anything. There's no objectivity coming through that non-stop monologue that's happening internally.  And it's good to be able to go somewhere. Whether it's a doctor, whether it's a group of friends, start a new routine, have something to do that gets you up and out every day to, to mix with others, to learn from their stories, to be able to express yours. These are all super healthy things.  Dr Charlotte Keating: So well said.  James Valentine: Mary and Charlotte, what a beautifully rich conversation that was. Thank you so much. Mary, thank you so much for your openness through all of this.  Mary Coustas: My pleasure. That's my favourite thing to talk about, is human beings.  James Valentine: Yeah, but the fact that you've been able to write about your suffering, and express that so publicly, so so well, that's so important too, and I thank you for it.  Mary Coustas: Well that's one level of the therapeutic process is to be able to put it outside of yourself somewhere, whether it's in talking or in writing. I mean, I'm lucky that I'm in a public domain so I can put it out there for others to respond to.  And my whole career has been about dispelling taboos, and talking about the difficult things. And I wrap it in a capsule of comedy and that's what makes people happy. And it's what makes me happy. And that's my antidepressant. It's a very joyful job, but I try to shove in as many issues in that capsule as I can to sort of liberate myself and everyone that's there.  James Valentine: You do it beautifully and joyfully and thank you so much. Charlotte, thank you for sharing your expertise. Great to meet you.  Dr Charlotte Keating: You too, thanks James. James Valentine: Dr Charlotte Keating runs her own private practice on the Lower North Shore in Sydney and Mary is about to embark on a national tour called Upyourselfness. You've been listening to Series 5 of Life's Booming: Is This Normal? Another season will be coming along later this year, so stay tuned wherever you get your podcasts. I'm James Valentine. Thanks for listening.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode we spotlight gut health, and all the normal, and more unusual, health issues connected to our digestive systems. We speak to clinical nutritionist and the author of The Gut Repair Plan, Sarah Di Lorenzo, plus Melbourne chef and founder of Made by Tobie, a home delivery meal service, Tobie Puttock. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors.  Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in-between Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. Sarah Di Lorenzo is a clinical nutritionist and author of four books, including her latest, The Gut Repair Plan. She is resident nutritionist for Sunrise and Weekend Sunrise, and is passionate about sharing information about a healthy diet and eating the right foods to help with sleep, stress, weight loss, immunity, and slowing down the ageing process.  Chef Tobie Puttock began his career in Melbourne, before travelling and cooking around the world, including alongside good friend Jamie Oliver, who shared his passion for simply cooked food. His most recent focus is his own brand of frozen ready meals, Made by Tobie, with a focus on producing meals that aren't harmful to us or the environment.   If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - lifesbooming@seniors.com.au. Watch Life's Booming on Youtube  Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts  For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast  Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency   Transcript: James Valentine: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming Series 5 of this most excellent and award winning podcast. I'm James Valentine and in this series we're going to ask the question, is this normal? I mean, as we age, stuff happens to us. Our bodies change, things fall off, we get crook, stuff doesn't work as well as it used to. There's nothing we can do about it, we're getting older, we're ageing. But which bits are normal? Which bits do we have no control over? Which bits can we do something about? That's the kind of questions that we're going to be asking in this series, Is This Normal? of Life's Booming. Now, of course, if you enjoy this series, leave us a review. Tell all your families and friends about it. And we want to hear from you as well. You can contribute to this. If you've got questions about things in particular that you want to know, perhaps there's some particular wear and tear happening to you, let us know. We'd love to see if we can answer that question in the series. We're going to look at things like menopause, gut health, mental health, lots of other burning questions. So, think about those areas and if there's something in there that's specific to you that you'd like us to cover, let us know. On this episode, Getting to the guts of it, we spotlight gut health, the normal, and the more unusual health issues connected to our digestive systems. We speak to clinical nutritionist and the author of The Gut Repair Plan, Sarah Di Lorenzo, plus Melbourne chef and founder of Made by Tobie, a home delivery meal service, Tobie Puttock. Sarah Di Lorenzo: Hi, thank you so much for having me.  James Valentine: Why are you a nutritionist? I can't even say it! Sarah Di Lorenzo: Nutritionist, a clinical nutritionist. Why? I started with my own gut health, really, was what drove me into becoming a clinical nutritionist. I just did really notice around the age of 15 that foods affected me differently. I noticed it with white bread in particular, and I would go home and say to my dad, who's a psychiatrist, a doctor, and I'd just say, I don't feel well when I eat that food. And he goes, oh yeah, yeah, we all feel like that from bread. It's probably a Greek thing, whatever. You'll be fine. Don't worry. And so I watched my dad always living his life bloated, and I was like, yeah, yeah, it's not great.  And then when I was in Italy when I was 18 for a few months, it was the most incredible experience that I clearly just couldn't enjoy, because I had gut issues, I had non-coeliac gluten insensitivity, self diagnosed. And then I ended up after that, when I came back at that young age, I was doing my science degree at Sydney Uni, I came back and I was like, I need to work on my gut because my quality of life is not great. And so it dominated my life and I just couldn't enjoy my life. And so that's what I started doing was working on my own gut and I'm 51. So that's like 30 years ago, more so 32 years ago, I started, I realised then, so I went through my own gut healing journey and have spent a lot of those younger years just looking at my own rest and retest, trying different foods, creating menus, creating diets, I just did it as a hobby and a passion.  And then I went on to study nutritional medicine after that, when I realised that it was really my calling. I feel like I'm a healer. I do. I've healed myself and now I want to heal everyone else. James Valentine: Now, let's go to chef Tobie. Hello Tobie.  Tobie Puttock: Hello, how are you today?  James Valentine: Thank you so much for joining us. It's fantastic to get some time with you. This is something that's close to you. You think about the gut a lot. Tobie Puttock: My wife, when we first met, she was very controlled by her stomach issues. So obviously all tied in with the gut. She had food poisoning when she was younger so badly she was hospitalised for a few days – not from my cooking! I didn't know her at this stage, it was in the UK, and it really screwed her gut up.  So I remember for the first about three or four years of our relationship, everything was dictated by that. And it was IBS basically. And I didn't really understand, I'd never met anyone with such an issue before. And, you know, we'd have dinner plans, we'd be all ready to go. And suddenly her stomach would start to feel uncomfortable and we'd have to cancel dinner. Our whole life revolved around the stomach issues and after being together a few years, I had the opportunity to write my first cookbook. We were living in the UK at the time, we came back to Australia and I met an amazing person named Dr Sue Shepherd. She goes under a different surname these days, but she is kind of a guru in the gut health space and she spent some time with my wife and basically together we adjusted her diet and she solved her own issues. So she no longer has IBS. James Valentine: That's great. And it's come on a lot, hasn't it? Our consciousness of the gut, eating for our gut biome, I would say it's a way of thinking about food that's come up about in the last decade or so. Tobie Puttock: Yeah, 100 per cent. Being in food for my career and my whole life revolves around food, I see things jumping in and out of fashion and gut health has been a huge fashionable topic for a long time, and now it seems to have mellowed out into actual just fact. People accept that your gut is super important and eating the right foods and gut health really can make a huge difference to your life. James Valentine: Yep. Well, let's plan a diet, a pantry for good gut health. What kind of dishes, what kind of ingredients do you focus on if you're thinking gut health?  Tobie Puttock: Well, first of all, I try and eat as little processed foods as possible. So I also have quite an empty pantry at most times, but obviously fermented foods are fantastic, I do a lot of fermenting. After I jump off here, I will be going to make sauerkraut this morning, but things like kimchi, most fermented foods, are fantastic. And then there's going to be, if you do have things like IBS, there's going to be a lot of trigger foods that will be quite acidic as well. But yeah, definitely for me, we have a lot of sort of robust greens, lots of cavolo nero, Tuscan kale, brussels sprouts and all the good stuff there. James Valentine: Right. I like that description of robust greens. These are the tough ones.  Tobie Puttock: All the brassicas. So we're steering, you know, I think things like cos lettuce are fantastic and they're sexy and rocket lettuce and all that kind of stuff. But I remember a few years ago, it was probably 2013, I made a big life change, I just got spat out of kitchens, I was probably quite unhealthy without realising it, I was just going through life as a lot of people did and I was insanely stressed. And I started doing a lot of yoga, and my wife, at the time, was seeing a personal trainer and trying to get shredded. And she was going to the personal trainer a couple of times a week, but coming home to eating my Italian food that I cook in restaurants, which I now wasn't cooking because I wasn't in restaurants. And she gave me a list, this amazing list of all the things we can have as much as we want of, things we should never have, and things we can have in moderation. And we started cooking from that list. And I should also pop in there that we tried to conceive and it didn't happen naturally. And they tried to tell us – well, they did tell us – that IVF would be the only way. And with a total diet overhaul cutting out all processed foods. And I don't want to say that kale saved our life or anything, but it kind of gave, you know, kind of did a little bit. I lost probably six kilos of body fat, my wife lost 10, and she wasn't big to begin with. We conceived naturally, and we kind of look at those as some of the fondest years of our life. And then we had a kid and started eating junk food, and did the reverse of that because we were young parents – or new parents, I should say. Yeah.  James Valentine: Yeah. All hail kale, I say. So Sarah, what happens to our gut as we age? What are the sort of things we need to be aware of as we're 50, 60, 70? What's happening? Sarah Di Lorenzo: A lot's happening. I mean, I kind of noticed this when I thought, even myself, like it ages. It's as simple as our gut does age. We don't produce as much saliva as we used to. But if you think about eating, say a highly processed meal when you were young and be like, oh that was okay. Or even getting blind drunk when you were young. And then you think, well, that was okay. You go and now in your 50s, you go and eat a big processed meal and you're like, oh gosh, you kind of really do feel it. Or you go out and have a big night on the drink. The next day people will notice it.  James Valentine: The next two days.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: People notice it. They really feel it. So look, it ages. At the end of the day, when you really look at it, first of all, we don't, as I mentioned, there's just not as much saliva. People don't produce as much of the digestive enzymes, so like lactase, so people notice things like, oh I'll hear things in clinic, I just don't really seem to process dairy like I did when I was young. Well, cause you're not producing enough digestive enzymes, so it comes that whole process ages as well, and there's just, even the way our peristalsis, the whole system is… James Valentine: Is that swallowing? Sarah Di Lorenzo: Yes, swallowing issues, chewing. People tend to change their diet as they're older. If they've got things like dentures or dental issues, it can start right from there. So, the microbiome changes. The microbiome is the habitat which our microbiota live in. So I always explain that to people.  James Valentine: This is all the bacteria in our gut.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Bacteria, fungi, viruses.  James Valentine: This is the new thing. This is the newer discovery. This is not stuff we understood. You know, when you were first going, I don't feel so good.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Correct. Yeah, this is all new stuff and it is fabulous. When I was actually reading all this stuff and I was putting this book together, I'm just in awe of our gut. Like, I'm so impressed by it. I really am. The residents that live there, that I might point out, our gut bacteria, weigh two kilos. Yeah. Yeah.  James Valentine: Isn't that amazing? Two kilos of biomass of living stuff.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: I find that fascinating.  James Valentine: So like, do they change if we don't look after them?  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Correct.  James Valentine: Or do we need to do stuff? Are we trying to keep a youthful gut or do we need to understand our maturing gut? Sarah Di Lorenzo: Well, there is that, but look, we do need to take care of it. And this is one thing that I see as people age what they don't do is they don't create that diversity. So our gut bacteria love, love, love a diversity in our diet. So as we age, we tend to eat the same things every day. People have the same breakfast every day, the same lunch, the same dinner. They don't eat a lot.  Now, it's actually, and that's one of the biggest problems. So as you age, it's really important to make sure that you've got that diversity to feed that good bacteria in our gut. We want those colonies broad. We want to feed, because all the different bacteria do different things. Like we've got a bacteria, which is my favourite one, called akkermansia muciniphila. James Valentine: But that's easy for you to say. Say that again. It's a what?  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Akkermansia. It's my favourite bacteria. I love this bacteria. We want lots of it, so akkermansia muciniphila is one that keeps us at a healthy weight. And then you've got like bifidobacterium, which actually helps break down the food we eat. I know you're looking at, if anyone could see James right now! James Valentine: No, it's impressive. Okay, very, very good. It's like when people see birds and they use the Latin name. It's like, very good. Well done.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Now I've lost my train of thought. Yeah, sorry. Okay, as we age… James Valentine: Yeah, as we age. I think what I'm interested in is, like, with a lot of things we want to stay, we need to stay, youthful. Is our gut like that, or should we be allowing our gut to mature? Sarah Di Lorenzo: I would want to be keeping my gut as young as possible. Definitely. The other thing we forget is medications that people take as they age. So medications can really impact gut health. And we know that. People often take laxatives when they're older. There is actually this recent study that came out that showed that people who use laxatives – not stool-bulking laxatives, but actual laxatives – have a 51% increase in their risk of dementia, which shows that gut brain axis. So there's a lot of things that can, stress is a really big one. It can be stress with ageing, stress for whatever, that will impact gut health. But it is creating that diversity and we only eat I think, 75% of the adult population only eat from 12 different plant types over the course of the week. That's some research that I have seen. So one great thing that you can do to start to improve and feed all those different colonies down there, like akkermansia, and grow more of them, the one thing you can do is make sure, a little test you can do, is make sure you're eating 30 different plant species over the course of the week. James Valentine: And Tobie, how do you approach getting that diversity in the diet?  Tobie Puttock: Yeah, there's a lot to be said for it. General nutrition, I have a basic understanding of, but my main thing is making things taste good. Which is what I wanted to do with my book, The Chef Gets Healthy, which was about making everyday food. Because I think as a society, we tend to look for easy answers for big problems.  And I remember at one stage, the fried southern chicken burgers were trendy. And then on the other end of the scale, you had Pete Evans pushing these really super hardcore diets like the paleo diets. And I always think that the answers lie somewhere in the middle. You don't need to go to these extremes. James Valentine:  Okay. Well, give us some insights into what you do with these sort of things. Cause I think sometimes people say, look, the fermented foods, kimchi, sauerkraut, they're good. And then you should be eating more of the brassicas, the broccoli and the sprouts and all that sort of stuff. But if you're used to the steak and veg, if you're used to the pizza, you don't know what to do with this stuff. Tobie Puttock:  Yeah, it's true. And I believe that you can still eat all that. You just need to add in vegetables. So I think as a society we're getting better at this, but until recently we've eaten way too much protein. Aussies tend to eat beef or lamb, or similar sort, four to five nights a week and even more seven nights a week. I remember speaking to somebody saying, oh, you should have fish once or twice a week. And they had no idea. They never cooked fish. They had no idea of the health benefits of that as well. But my belief is that we need to pull back on eating meat, substantially, for so many reasons, you know starting with environmental, but also our health as well. So I believe a great diet and a lot of research has been done on this and proven, the Lancet report has shone some great light on this, which is that we should probably eat a vegetarian diet three to four nights a week. Eating meat is expensive, so you can save that money that you're not spending by cutting meat out of the diet three to four nights a week. And then when you do eat meat, eat a fantastic cut of meat that's sort of grass fed, comes from a reputable supplier, therefore we're not fuelling the inhumane farming trade. And you will notice huge differences. Now, simple ways to cook vegetables. I've worked in very technical kitchens and it's funny, because since I've been out of kitchens since 2012, I've often realised that cooking vegetables, the easiest way, is often the most flavoursome and nutrient-beneficent.  So, I grew up with a British father who grew up in a family which was often, I think, frozen vegetables, or vegetables that were cooked until all the chlorophylls and colours had gone out and they were grey. I do the polar opposite of that.  So, I'm not into a raw diet, but I think you need to cook vegetables until, for example, with kale. Let me talk you through one of my favourite quick dishes. So we do a breakfast, which is, baked eggs and kale, and fantastic. And my meat-eating friends who I've given this to just go bananas for it.  So it starts in a pan with a little bit of olive oil, and garlic and chili – so aglio e olio base – and you sauté that off over a low-to-medium heat until the garlic starts to soften and become translucent, at which stage you break in some kale – and cavolo nero, which is a type of Tuscan kale, is also fantastic. Even more robust leaves than the traditional green kale that we're familiar with now, with those stems which are really fibrous. I normally leave those out and keep them for a juice or similar, but they've got a lot going on, our body needs them, but for this particular dish, not the best. So break off the leaves, sauté them around, mix them through with the oil and the garlic and the chili until it just starts to green, at which stage you can crack a couple of eggs into there. And then normally over the top of that, I break some feta cheese into there, dabble a little bit of natural Greek yogurt, some hemp seeds, a little good pinch of sea salt and pepper, bung the whole thing into the oven just until the eggs are set. We're talking two, three minutes.  So you can make this whole dish, if you're good, in under 10 minutes. And it's got a lot going on there. You're going to get all that beautiful fibrous veg from the kale in there. And the protein from the eggs, the hemp seeds are fantastic, and the whole thing just tastes amazing. It's a delicious breakfast. But kale can be really, really easy to cook. I mean, it's as simple as sautéing it down for a couple of minutes.  James Valentine: So Sarah, tell us more about feeding our gut bacteria.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: So we want to feed these guys with prebiotics. So that's what they eat. Bacteria need these prebiotic-rich foods, which are the foods people just don't get enough of.  They might go and take probiotic supplements, but you need the pre's to feed the pro's. It's as simple as that. Prebiotic-rich foods, fibre, that we can't digest as humans, but the bacteria feast on them. And so we want all of those wonderful foods. Now things like asparagus, apples are great, onions, garlic, oats, and all great foods, sourdough is another good one. All excellent foods that we should really be eating. Leek, Jerusalem artichoke, they're all coming to my mind now. You can see my mind is flowing in with them. I've unlocked that part of my brain, which is full of prebiotic information and let it flow out. Yeah. So we need to actually feed them to grow. And in turn, their waste product, the bacteria waste, is what we as humans thrive on, it's critical for our overall health and wellness. And we call their waste, which is called a postbiotic, is actually a short-chain fatty acid, or it's called butyrate. So butyrate feeds our colon cells. It makes the wall of our gut strong and firm, which is what we want. We don't want it inflamed and leaky, where you get what's called leaky gut syndrome that leads into migraines and headaches. And so that's called post. I'm obsessed with butyrate. I just want so much butyrate. I would drink it. So you can see that's how it all kind of works.  James Valentine: Yeah. Yeah. And so we should be getting all this through foods, not through supplements, pills, little liquids, you know, things that are meant to sort of put it there. Just do it through the stuff that you eat? Sarah Di Lorenzo: Correct. But if you were, for example, someone who was taking a course of antibiotics, because the antibiotics, whilst they're amazing and they save lives and they wipe out the bad, they also wipe out the good. So if I was to have to go on a course about antibiotics, I would take probiotics, I would take them in supplement form, but I would also make sure I was feeding that, just having a bowl of oats for breakfast or having some asparagus, asparagus is a good one, or just throwing a lot of onion and garlic in my food, making up shots of different… just adding it in where you can. James Valentine: This is so much when we start to hear, the Mediterranean diet, that it covers all of these things, doesn't it? You cook with onion and garlic, there's oil on stuff. You will have sort of an oats or, you know, muesli type thing for breakfast or a cookie that's like that. This is the stuff.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Correct. And also all the legumes you forget that are so high in fibre. I think Westerners just forget about legumes. And they are…  James Valentine: This is your chickpea, your beans, all that sort of stuff.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Yes. Lentils and chickpeas and beans, and they dominate the Mediterranean diet and people shy away from them because when they eat them – and this is the whole problem with fibre. We don't eat enough fibre. That is a huge problem. Part of the ageing process is people just don't eat enough fibre. Because when you introduce fibre to people that aren't used to it, they get flatulent and distended. And they go, oh I've got FODMAPs or I've got this. And I'm like, no, no, no. You just had too much fibre, too quickly. You have to introduce fibre slowly to people to get them over it. That's what I've written. The four-week plan of my book is just that slow introduction of fibre so people don't get those symptoms.  But it is a common base of the Mediterranean diet and the gut bacteria, it's all about feeding these guys, making them happy, making them grow, making all the good ones grow. And in turn, supporting our health. It's pretty simple, but when you do the deep dive into it and look at all the different types of bacteria and as you can see, there's bacteria for mental health, bacteria for weight, bacteria for skin, bacteria for heart. And so we want lots of them, not just feeding one, which is why you can see that diversity is really important. James Valentine: So I suppose I'm thinking that we had a long period of time where we worried about the heart. You know, there was a lot of focus on the heart. The heart's the thing. You have to deal with that. And then we've had a period of time where, look, it's weight. Weight is most important. You know, you've got to keep the weight off and make sure that you're at the right weight and that sort of stuff. Is the gut just sort of the trend? Is it just the sort of the thing that everyone's talking about now? Because we're bored of talking about the heart or something like that. Is there more to it than that?  Sarah Di Lorenzo: I think that when you think about trends and fashions in health, like, okay, well, cardiovascular disease, clearly it's a leading cause of death and disability. So it's always going to be there. I do feel there are trends. I think trends are what you've got to be really careful of. Like at the end of the day, the heart's the centre, I mean, you have to take care of your heart health, and it still is that, it is the leading cause. And then weight is something that I feel it's evergreen. Look, at the end of the day, excess weight is inflammation, inflammation drives disease, it's just as simple as that. Any patient that comes into my clinic, and sits down, and, oh hi Sarah, look, I'm here for my menopause, my gut, my cardiovascular, and I've seen them 15 to 20 [times], and I will say to them, okay, I'm not going to sit here as your practitioner, and just do a treatment protocol for your cardiovascular condition.  Because you're carrying 15 kilos of weight.  So it all ties in together, so every single patient that sees me has to get to a healthy weight, because I know that it's so inflammatory. Adipose tissue is like this. It's big, it's proinflammatory cytokines, it is inflammation. Inflammation drives disease. And number-one of the diseases is depression. Before you start going to cardiovascular, diabetes, thyroid, arthritis, or before you even go down that path, metabolic syndrome, it is the driver. And as far as gut goes, people who are overweight have poor gut health. I'll tell you an exception to that though. So people who are overweight, talk to them about getting to a healthy weight and working on increasing that. The only exception would be, when I think, cause I'm right now, I'm just scanning all my patients that are currently in my clinic while I'm talking to you, is someone who would come in with H pylori [helicobacter pylori], and undiagnosed. So I had a lady who brought her husband in. And this is quite a funny story. They're both 45, great couple, no kids, living their best lives. They don't want kids because they're fabulous and they want to just travel and enjoy. She can't cope with the amount of times he farts in a day. So she's just like, he farts way too much. James Valentine: How many would be too much?  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Well, I'm going to ask, I'm going to do a pop quiz on you James. Okay. How many farts do you think we should be doing a day as humans?  James Valentine: I would go for around the dozen.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Not bad. Okay, 15 to 22, so yeah, you weren't far off. This guy was just farting all day. So I asked her that and she said it's constant. Like it's probably every five minutes. And she said it's actually ruining our marriage. I said, yeah, fair enough. And she can't sleep in the same room as this poor guy. So healthy weight, fit guy, Lebanese, so ate a lot of raw meat. I knew that there was something going on. I knew he had a parasite of some kind. So I just sent him off for a test, came back, he had helicobacter pylori. And so we cleared up the H pylori, their marriage is back on track.  James Valentine: And he's back to the 15 or 20 that we should all be doing… Sarah Di Lorenzo: …instead of doing about a thousand. So that would be the exception. And what I do see is people that come back in from travelling to places like Indonesia, who come back and they've had Bali Belly or different things, so they're the ones I also see, which again, where a parasite has impacted their gut, and it does ruin people's lives.   James Valentine: Let's say I'm 70, I've never done any of this. Can I change? Is my gut going to change? Is it all too late?  Sarah Di Lorenzo: It's never too late. I don't care, like actually, I had someone write to me this morning, because I did a post about how much I hate artificial sweeteners, and they said, is it too late? I've had my whole life living on Equal, and I drink Diet Coke every day, and I've got diabetes. No, it's never too late. I will always say, I will never give up. I will fight for someone's health to the end.  James Valentine: Tobie, for general gut health, if you're doing as you describe, you have two, three, four vegetable-based dishes a week, you're more conscious of eating some raw greens and that sort of stuff, you can have a pizza on Friday night? Yeah, you can have a glass of wine. It's not to say you've got to get rid of these things? Tobie Puttock: No, it's about balance for me. It's like, I still have Cadbury chocolate in the fridge. I love that stuff, but it's about the majority of the time eating as well as you can. And of course we know we sort of started to get into the realm of biohacking now. And we've got all these tech billionaires who will look you dead in the eye saying they're going to live to 150. And we've got, I forget the gentleman's name. He's reversing his age. He's a tech billionaire in Silicon Valley and he's now got the innards of about a 30-year-old and he's about 45 and he's going back about three years for every year. So there's a lot to be said for that. Now we know that through processed diets, this shortens your life,100%. And we don't even have all the data yet, but a lot of the processed foods and I get really worried about these younger generations who can't cook, they're all into the cooking shows and they love watching it as eye candy, but they can't cook, which for me is such a basic life skill. But if you look at all the oldest living people in the world without gut issues and all these kinds of things, they're eating very natural foods. They're in, you know, the Mediterranean, they're in Japan and they're eating just a lot of good produce.  James Valentine: Yeah. Now, coming back to you, Sarah, what are your thoughts on this? Sarah Di Lorenzo: So when I do gut repair work with people, the thing is, you get these people in, and I'll say, OK, so give me what are you eating today? I don't really know, I kind of, oh so you wing it, you ad lib the day. OK, so when I have an ad libber or someone who wings the day, all right, give me a 24-hour recall. So that's my next question. Oh, yesterday, oh, I had a couple of pieces of toast. Ah, a bit of jam, I don't know, I just had that on the fly, grabbed a coffee. Had some Arrowroots at work or at home with the wife watching, you know, more breakfast television. Oh, I don't know what we had. Oh, we had leftovers for lunch, that's right. Oh, my mum cooked, my wife cooked a spaghetti bolognese for the grandkids that came over in the afternoon. Oh, we had some bikkies or whatever. A bit of chocolate. They don't really know. And it's a lot of highly refined processed food, which is really dry, which really increases the production of insulin, which is driving disease, etc. So when I say to them, right, do my gut repair plan for four weeks, I am taking them from what they think is okay as a Western diet. They might even be having a white bread sandwich for lunch or a stir fry for dinner. To me, that's a Western diet. So when you take someone from that and you say, right, do all your food prep, get everything organised, start your program. And you put them on my program, which is a gluten-free program – number-one common allergen – first thing to go is headaches. And then you get that clarity of the thought instantly within three days you'll feel better. Energy, body systems working well, better sleep, better mood. And within three days, I'll get messages. I see her on my day three of the gut repair. I've gone to the toilet twice today, three times today, I had a really good night's sleep. I feel my energy's really up in three days. So you can see, as I mentioned in the beginning of our chat, eating rubbish food and going out and hammering yourself on the booze, you get that input, like you picked two days. So you think two days of healthy eating.  The gut does respond. So it will respond very quickly within three days. But to really overhaul it, I would say minimum three months. But it has to be lifelong.   James Valentine: Yeah. What a great conversation. We've been into the stool. We've farted a bit together. We have. We've got the boy working. Yeah. I love it. We've covered so much good ground. And yet all of it is in an area that we've really only just started to think about. We should be thinking about all the time. It's sort of one of the most simple things we can do, isn't it? Sarah Di Lorenzo: It's so basic.  James Valentine: It's really just, eat a lot of plants… Sarah Di Lorenzo: …eat well, avoid processed food,  James Valentine: …the stuff that comes in a package and it's processed, it's going to be bad for you.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Reassess your health, stay on top of it, diversity, plants, hydration, exercise, sleep well, stress management tools are really important for the gut brain axis, for the stress, taking care of your nervous system. It's never too late. It's never too late.  James Valentine: It's never too late. Get on with it. Happy gut, happy life.  Sarah Di Lorenzo: Absolutely. That's it. That's the foundation for everything.  James Valentine: Thank you to Sarah and Tobie for your delectable advice. You've satisfied our hunger for knowledge of a healthier gut. You've been listening to Life's Booming, brought to you by Australian Seniors.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Embarrassed about asking your doctor something? We're doing it for you. Our experts are going to answer some of those concerns you might have that are a bit quirky, less dinner chat, more private google search type questions. Our expert doctors are getting the stigma out of the way and getting you on your way to a healthier life.  About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors.  Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in-between Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. This episode, we hear from Sydney GP Dr Sam Hay. Also known as Dr Kiis, Sam is director of the Your Doctors network, health expert for Kidspot, and was host of Embarrassing Bodies Down Under and Amazing Medical Stories. You'll also hear from geriatrician Dr Simon Grof, who has been a consultant geriatrician at Victoria's Eastern Health since 2014, and is Chief Medical Officer at Jewish Care Victoria, who talks through some questions of ageing in later life. And Dr Mohammad Jomaa is a Sport and Exercise Physician, who has a special interest in sports-related injuries and their management, and shares his advice on mobility and healthy exercise for over 50s, to maintain longevity.   If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - lifesbooming@seniors.com.au. Watch Life's Booming on Youtube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency   Transcript: James Valentine: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming, series five of this most excellent and award winning podcast. I'm James Valentine and in this series we're going to ask the question, is this normal? I mean, as we age, stuff happens to us. Our bodies change, things fall off, we get crook, stuff doesn't work as well as it used to. There's nothing we can do about it, we're getting older, we're ageing. But which bits are normal? Which bits do we have no control over? Which bits can we do something about? That's the kind of questions that we're going to be asking in this series, Is This Normal? of Life's Booming. Now, of course, if you enjoy this series, leave us a review. Tell all your families and friends about it.  And we want to hear from you as well. You can contribute to this. If you've got questions about things in particular that you want to know, perhaps there's some particular wear and tear happening to you, let us know. We'd love to see if we can answer that question in the series. We're going to look at things like menopause, gut health, mental health, lots of other burning questions. So think about those areas and if there's something in there that's specific to you that you'd like us to cover, let us know. On this episode of Life's Booming, we're tackling your frequently asked questions. Embarrassed about asking your doctor something? Today, we're going to do it for you. Our experts are going to answer some of those concerns you might have that are a bit quirky, a little bit less, “I can talk to my friends about this or at a dinner party”. It's more, I've got to get on Google and search this up on my own. Whether their patients voice them or not, together with our doctors, we're getting the stigma out of the way and we're getting you on your way to a healthier life. Some of you have sent in voice notes to ask us questions. Terrific, thank you so much. If you want to ask a question, you can visit the website or the link in the show notes and share a voice question. We're going to be chatting to Sydney GP, who's known as Dr Kiis, from army veteran to hit morning radio and director of the Your Doctors network: this is Dr Sam Hay. And you'll also hear from geriatrician Dr Simon Grof as well, and we'll talk about some questions of ageing in later life with him.  But first up, let's meet Sam. Sam, nice to meet you.  Sam Hay: Yeah, you too. How are you?  James Valentine: Yeah, very, very well. I suppose I'm thinking that the relationship with the GP changes as you age. You know, and unfortunately perhaps you start to get to know them really quite well. You see them a lot.  Sam Hay: Absolutely, I think for younger people, they don't fully understand what the worth of a good GP is to them. And then as people drift through their middle years, they certainly start to have more of a relationship.  James Valentine: So let's say post 50, what are the kind of things you'd recommend that we, that I should be coming to see the doctor, once a year, once every couple of years?   Sam Hay: I think there are some people out there who truly are looking after their health very, very well. They have no problems. They're very lean. They exercise a lot. They eat a great diet. They don't smoke. And they have literally nothing going on. And then they come and get a check-up and we literally find nothing. So those people, sure, they probably can go a couple of years between visits to the doctor. But in general, over the age of 50, I like to see patients every single year for a check-up because we want to pick up very early the major risk factors for the big things that are going to cause problems down the track, and those big ones are heart attacks, strokes and diabetes. James Valentine: And what do you pick up? What are you looking for?  Sam Hay: Well, we want to do a general check-up. And in that we're looking at blood pressure, weight, waist, from an examination perspective. Then we want to check the history, how are they going, how much exercise are they doing, what's their smoking, what's their general diet like, what are their stress levels, so where does mental health potentially fit into that. Pretty much all the time we'll do a set of blood tests, and once again, doing a general screen, but trying to pick up the big risk factors that come in, cholesterol, diabetes, a couple of other simple things. And then the major cancers that we need to be screening for. So your major community ones are going to be bowel cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, having a conversation with the doctor about prostate cancer screening. But then the last bit overall is we're going to look at somebody's family history. So what have they got in the family that might be putting them at more risk and does it influence all of those things? And do I have to do any other tests?  James Valentine: We've also, you know, again, I'd say if you're 50 and over, you've grown up with the notion you only see the doctor when you're sick. Sam Hay: Correct. And so it's people understanding that check-up is important. Even if the last three check-ups have been completely normal and fine, what we're trying to do is we're trying to pick up your cholesterol or your diabetes or your blood pressure or something else before it falls off a cliff. James Valentine: Yeah. This would make such a difference to you, wouldn't it, Simon, if we were all doing this in our 50s and 60s?  Simon Grof: Oh, absolutely. And I must reinforce that having a good GP is just the number one thing, I think. And we see that in hospitals all the time where some of our older people have not seen a GP for 40, 50 years; there's no-one regular, and just to have that touch point to call the GP who has that relationship and to get some of that background story is just so, so, so crucial. So, couldn't agree more.  James Valentine: Let's look at a few frequently asked questions. Do you see many 85-year-olds still smoking, Simon? Does anyone turn up? They're out for a sneaky… [inhales]. Simon Grof: People do smoke. Strangely enough, I had a virtual consultation the other day and I logged on. An 89-year-old lady, once again widowed, and she had the whole time during the hour-long consultation, and she kept on apologising saying, “I'm sorry it's a habit I can't give up.” James Valentine: And what are you seeing in smoking habits, because we are into a generation that have largely given up, you know, at 50 or 60 or so. Sam Hay: I've definitely seen a drop-off in cigarette smoking and an increase in vaping and a complete misunderstanding about the risks of vaping.  James Valentine: And what's being misunderstood? Sam Hay:  What I find fascinating is, what was it, 50 or 60 years ago, the government was endorsing cigarettes across the world. And then they realised, hang on a minute, these cause disease. And so that, all the governments had a massive flip.  And the community struggles to understand why the government won't endorse these things. Because we don't know the risks. And one of the biggest risks are that we don't really know what these chemicals do when they're vaporised and you inhale them. The second thing is, the majority of vapes that people are using come from underneath the counter, which means they're being produced in factories where you just don't know the chemicals that are in there. So yes, some of the vapes you can get from pharmacies, etc., are going to be more reliable and therefore, for want of a better word, safer, but it's all these other ones that we don't know about. And we are seeing injuries, there are people going to hospital, there are people dying, it's in the media. So it fascinates me that people are still seeking it out.  James Valentine: Yeah. I genuinely believe that anything positive that's being said about vaping is tobacco industry propaganda. But people do say, well, at least it's a way to get off smoking cigarettes. Sam Hay: So this, I think, is the challenging thing because there does seem to be a place for vaping in a harm minimisation program for people who are smoking. So for getting people off the smokes because in vape products that you can get through pharmacies, we have much more reliability about what's in them. We do understand that they seem to be much safer than smoking. So using them in a quit smoking regime, it's generally accepted that they are valuable and useful. For non smokers to take up vaping, still not recommended whatsoever.  James Valentine: Vision. Is this something that you see a lot of that you have to deal with? People start to get cataracts. They start to have eye conditions that they didn't experience before? Simon Grof: Yeah, we do. And as we get older, there are a lot of age related visual disturbances and vision is so crucial.  A story that I can think of, I had a patient of mine who just kept on falling and would present to hospital, would get to the emergency department. There wouldn't be any broken bones, they'd check out the sensation and his power in his body and then send back home. And by the third or fourth time, someone said, let's just give this person a little bit more time in hospital. So it ends up being on my ward and my very astute junior register actually had a look in his eyes. No-one had actually got an ophthalmoscope before and had macular degeneration and off to get some treatments and was, you know, not having any further falls. So I think we sometimes don't think about it. We want to find sometimes the more complex things in medicine, but sometimes it's just taking a step back, being thorough, as what geriatricians and what GPs do, and just making sure you're asking the right questions.  James Valentine: At some point, do you look at people and go, well, this can't be ageing. At another point, a few years down the track, you go, well, this is ageing. Sam Hay: And it's not as simple as that because I think people are maintaining their general health and their fitness for longer. And I think this whole concept of when do you suddenly become old and when do you suddenly start becoming affected by all these old age diseases? It certainly is shifting. I don't tend to look at patients as an age, and therefore this is an age related thing. I tell you, I go, you've got arthritis, you've got a heart problem, you've got a kidney problem, whatever it might be. And just keep it as simple as that.  James Valentine: Yeah, yeah. And I suppose, is there a bit of a trap for the geriatrician as well, Simon? It may not be ageing, it might be something else.  Simon Grof: Yeah, that's absolutely correct. And when in the hospital setting, when my junior doctors are describing and telling me about everyone new that's being admitted to the ward, the age for me is somewhat irrelevant. It's more about their social history, what they're able to do on a day to day basis, where they live, what they can get up to. And it's usually the family that are the worriers still managing their tablets.  As we do age, we do have more comorbidities and their ailments, such as some heart problems, some problems with the breathing, problems with the bladders and bowels. And when you were younger, that didn't seem to bother people too much, but with the accumulation of these, it can be quite difficult to manage as we get older, and I suppose there's a very small threshold.  Whereas, if you were to get a urinary tract infection, that is an infection in the bladder, that can sometimes contribute to problems with peeing, urine to be retained in the body, or it can cause you to go a bit more frequently as we get older. Potentially, a small thing like that can actually have a wide range of issues and complications, and sometimes something like a urinary tract infection, can actually go on and lead to a sudden memory and thinking problems.  And we see that quite commonly, whereas people and older people present to the hospital setting with a urinary tract infection with other things that might be seen as minimal, and they've got a condition that's called a delirium, which is really a sudden change in their memory and thinking with their orientation, with their ability to focus. And that could be quite stressful for both them and for family members, because these things can come on quite suddenly. James Valentine: Over the last few years, we've learned so much about vaccines. You know, it's been such a constant topic of conversation. And it's made, vaccines became age-related, didn't they? Through, during COVID-19, there were various vaccines. Well, you better go and have your boost if you're over 65, and we're going to make that available to you. Well, now you can get your retrovirals if you're over that age, and you know, you better get in and get those. Take me through vaccines for sort of 60-plus. What are you seeing? What can people get?  Sam Hay: I think the general population doesn't fully understand the burden that influenza has. It is a big risk to kids under five and to the elderly bubble of people. There's no magic age group, but we've kind of delineated it at about the age of 65. It's really any adult with any chronic health condition is going to be at high risk from influenza. I am a major advocate for getting your annual flu shot. We need it every year because protection starts to drop off quickly and it's a virus that changes, mutates, so therefore we've got to try and keep up with that, with our updated shots. As we age we get a higher risk of lung conditions and lung infections, you know, pneumonia. And so there's one or two vaccines out there against pneumonia, which are incredibly effective at reducing the number of people that are going to end up in hospital with Simon.  James Valentine: COVID? What's the current thinking on COVID-19? Sam Hay: So people should be up-to-date with their boosters. And this is a conversation to have with your doctor. It really is, to determine what your risk is. So I think people could be up to about their sixth shot if they sort of kept on getting them. But if we go back to the guidelines, they're really saying we only need, from the guideline perspective, three to four shots, definitely. And people could have access to those extra ones. So that's as of the beginning of 2024.  I look at it somewhere in the middle, in that if people have a cluster of medical issues that are going to increase their risk, then they should consider those regular vaccines. If they're looking after people who are at risk, perhaps more boosters. If you're going travelling or into high risk environments, then you may want to consider it.  James Valentine: And what do you see in aged care and among your patients? Are they keen to still get vaccines or they go, ah! Simon Grof: COVID in residential aged care now is still a huge issue and I'm trying to promote vaccines to the older people and their families as well, but you have a lot of people who never took it up to start off with. So you're not going to convince them now, but the people in the middle, the target audience take up these boosters, which are better. Because they do attract and they target against the newer type of variants of COVID. It's more to stop the seriousness of the actual infection and then stopping them presenting to hospitals. So I think in a residential aged care environment, we're still pushing it, which is at odds with what's happening in the community.  James Valentine: At what age am I too young to go and see the geriatrician?  Simon Grof: That's a really good question and that's a question we get asked quite commonly. Essentially a geriatrician is a doctor with specialist training and caring for the health of older people. The term is, I suppose, geriatric medicine. And geriatricians like myself diagnose and treat age-related medical conditions. And the age usually is above 65. But you know what? Really, is it above 65? Most of the people on my ward, or I see in residential aged care, are 85 and above. So, is 85 the new 65? I don't know. James Valentine: Oh, let's not put it that way around. That seems wrong! But there must be many a condition that would have been better off if we were starting to deal with it in our 60s.  Simon Grof: Absolutely. Similar to the heart where, you know, they say middle age is when you really need to up your game and, you know, continue the consistency with the exercise, continue the consistency with eating well, not smoking, alcohol, all the things we hear about. It's similar for the body, similar for the brain, similar for everything into old age as well. So the sooner we can start and the sooner we can look after things, the better it is. And you know, we might be living to 150 soon, who knows.  James Valentine: All right, let's talk about mobility and exercise and bring in sports physician, Dr Mohammad Jomaa, UK educated and now in Sydney, where he's practising as a sports physician. Thanks so much. Mohammad Jomaa: Thanks, James. It's been a real pleasure to jump on and speak to you today.  James Valentine: So what's your general advice for exercise for over 50s?  Mohammad Jomaa: Exercising safely is paramount. It usually is injuries and complications, which stops people from exercising at all in the first place. So we need to use exercise as a means to reduce the risk of our injuries, as opposed to increase the risk of injury through exercise. Doing nothing is bad for us, but we also know that doing too much is bad for us. And so where's the sweet spot? Finding that is all about figuring out where your current function is and very cautiously and gradually increasing from there, giving you enough time to recover and get stronger so that you can keep building and building. James Valentine: So do you have a recommended exercise regime for perhaps, you know, 50-plus?  Mohammad Jomaa: Everyone has a different starting point. Everyone has a different goal. And so exercise prescription is always very nuanced. It's very tailored. It's a science as well as an art. So any good exercise program needs to have cardiovascular exercise, strength training, and stability training. And I'll talk a little bit about each one of those.  Cardiovascular exercise, which is our aerobic exercise, is the mainstay and no matter what our age is, it's very trainable. The bad news is that if we don't maintain it, it will typically decline by about 10 to 15 percent per decade. So about one or one-and-a-half percent per year.  And that can really add up and it can affect the way that we live and the things that we can do as we get older as well. Absolutely everyone should be doing about 30 minutes every single day of what we call zone two exercise. The Australian guidelines call it moderate exercise. Essentially, it's a bit hard work, but if you were pressed, with some discomfort, you could talk in full sentences. And that's the best way to measure that you're in that zone two range. This is essentially our general maintenance, it helps with chronic diseases, and there's lots of evidence that shows that it supports in the management of metabolic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reduces our risks of stroke. It actually improves and reduces the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease as well. Strength training is really essential to do maybe two or three times per week. Usually we encourage compound resistance, which means hard work, heavy loads lifted or moved around. And this has to be done safely, and so it's always important to have this tailored for you. One of the most common exercises that I prescribe for patients over 50 is that I get them starting to push and pull a sled; we'll find a gym with a sled track. Typically we'll start with around a quarter of the patient's body weight on the sled, and we'll just have them two or three times a week pushing and pulling that sled for 20 minutes.  And it can be really hard work but it also is a very comprehensive exercise as well. And it's really safe. You can imagine if you're trying to pick up something really heavy or carry something really heavy on your back, there's a higher risk of injuring yourself than if you're trying to push something over and you just can't, or pull it over and you just can't. So there's some safety there to that as well.  And then, yeah, finally something that's so important, especially as we get older, is stability exercise. So, stability exercises, the best way to get involved with those are to just join a local tai chi or yoga or pilates or any other mat-based mobility exercise program local to you. With patients who aren't inclined to do that, I talk them through specific balance exercises they can do, standing on one leg, standing on a pillow to make it a little bit harder, and we introduce some movement and instability with that as well. The reason stability is so, so important, and mobility, which is a factor of that as well, is that it's essentially our insurance as we get older. Really major cause of patients coming into hospital and it can be a life-changing event. So it's something to really, really be avoided. And so stability exercises are really important as an insurance against that.  James Valentine: So what about heart health? What's good exercise there?  Mohammad Jomaa: One thing that we're quite well aware of, and this is a great thing for the heart, maybe not so much for our muscles and bones, the heart is always trainable. We can improve our cardiac output, we can improve our VO2 max, which the heart contributes to quite a lot. And that's our ability to consume oxygen and our level of maximal output. When it comes to just general age and ageing, then the main issue with the heart is the development of atherosclerosis, which is the name of the gradual hardening of the arteries in our whole body, but importantly the ones that lead to our heart as well. If you're the sort of person who develops heaviness and tightness in the chest with physical exertion, with exercise, then that's something that definitely needs to be checked out as well. And that's something that your sports doctor will ask you about. Exercise is so incredibly good for us that it's better than any medical intervention really that we can do. There's a lot of evidence that shows that exercise and our underlying fitness are the primary definers of how long we live and how we live towards the end of our days as well.  And so you absolutely have to make it a part of your life as best as you can. Seek help from a sports physician or an exercise physiologist to get you going. Even the smallest amount of exercise for someone who doesn't have an exercise baseline will have huge benefit as well. So if you're someone who's just completely sedentary, there's lots of studies that show anywhere between an hour to 90 minutes of just walking per week, which is, you know, 15 minutes a day, can massively improve your health factors and improve the quality of your life in the medium to long term. So get exercising and stay healthy.  James Valentine: That's very good. I'm thinking, you know, 50-plus, have an excellent 50th birthday. Have a great time. For your 51st birthday, go get a check-up. and start doing an annual check-up after that. Then you're well ahead of the curve, right?  Sam Hay: Yes, but can we bring it forward to the 50th birthday? James Valentine: You want it on the 50th?  Sam Hay:  Yeah, don't wait till the 51st! James Valentine: Let me have the party, you know, then after that I'll go, you know. Sam Hay: Wait a couple of weeks if you have to, then come in. James Valentine: Okay, straight after that. All right, but through your 50s start, start the check-ups. And then with geriatrics, Don't be frightened of it. Simon Grof: We're nice people. We like a conversation. We'll spend time with you, or unfortunately sometimes your GPs can't, and we'll have a plan and we'll work that plan out together. You know, you're not going to be put in a home just because you see one of us. I promise you that. Sam Hay: I've started to explain why I refer people off to specialists in a different manner nowadays.Because some people feel that they're going to see a geriatrician or a knee doctor to get a diagnosis of dementia or to get a knee replacement. Whereas what we're going for is we're going for an opinion. We're going for an assessment. We're going for what do they feel is the problem and what are the potential management or follow-up options?  The patient then decides what they want to do. That's where we need to think of using our specialist more and be freer in just going and getting their opinion and then look at what the management might be down the track. And that's where I use geriatricians for that advice and education and that baseline.  James Valentine: Well thanks to all our experts today, to Sam, to Simon and Mohammad for getting us into the frequently asked and sometimes, you know, a little bit uncomfortable questions. Let us know if any of our doctors today gave you the golden solution to your health's concern. Or did you find out something you didn't even know that you needed to know? We'd love to hear from you. You've been listening to Season 5 of Life's Booming: Is This normal? Brought to you by Australian Seniors.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The stigma around menopause is slowly peeling away, but many of us still suffer in silence. In this episode, we take a lighter look at the often unglamorous side-effects of menopause – from hot flushes and brain fog to facial hairs and mood swings – hearing from Aussie comedian Jean Kittson, who is living her best life on the other side, and getting the medical rundown from celebrity GP and passionate women's health advocate Dr Ginni Mansberg. About the episode – brought to you by Australian Seniors. Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in-between Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. Jean Kittson has been entertaining audiences for decades with her wit and humour, both of which she brings to the fore in her candid and hilarious take on menopause, You're Still Hot to Me, the book she wished she had read during the momentous time in her life. Dr Ginni Mansberg is a well-known celebrity doctor based in Sydney, with television appearances in Embarrassing Bodies Down Under, Sunrise, The Morning Show, and Things You Can't Talk About on TV. She is also the author of The M Word: How to thrive in menopause. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note – Watch Life's Booming on Youtube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify: Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast. About Australian Seniors Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency SSMR0502_240229_Menopause the other side_Final James Valentine: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming Series 5 of this most excellent and award winning podcast. I'm James Valentine and in this series we're going to ask the question, is this normal? I mean, as we age, stuff happens to us. Our bodies change, things fall off, we get crook, stuff doesn't work as well as it used to. There's nothing we can do about it, we're getting older, we're ageing. But which bits are normal? Which bits do we have no control over? Which bits can we do something about? That's the kind of questions that we're going to be asking in this series, Is This Normal? of Life's Booming. Now, of course, if you enjoy this series, leave us a review, tell all your families and friends about it. And we want to hear from you as well. You can contribute to this. If you've got questions about things in particular that you want to know, perhaps there's some particular wear and tear happening to you, let us know. We'd love to see if we can answer that question in the series. We're going to look at things like menopause, gut health, mental health, lots of other burning questions. So think about those areas and if there's something in there that's specific to you that you'd like us to cover, let us know. When it comes to women's health in older years, it turns out that the hot flushes, the brain fog, the facial hair, the mood swings can all be linked back to the one thing and that's menopause. In this episode, Menopause the Other Side, let's take a look in some detail at the common symptoms, the experiences, and life on the other side of it. We'll get some answers about menopause, the ‘M' word, from the queen of morning television, Dr Ginni Mansberg. But it gives me great pleasure to welcome, of course, to thispodcast as well, Jean Kittson, who wrote a fantastic book called You're Still Hot To Me, dealing with her experience and her research into menopause. Jean Kittson, hello. Jean Kittson: Hello, James.   James Valentine:Still so hot? Jean Kittson: Yes, I am, actually. Every now and then. James Valentine: Is this the 10th anniversary? Is it 10 years since you published? Jean Kittson: Yes, it is. 2014 it came out. It's into its sixth reprint now, something like that. Women still keep going through menopause. James Valentine: The book didn't fix it? Jean Kittson: No, that's right.And I thought I'd finish and everyone's finished. No, they're still going. Of course they're still experiencing menopause. And just the other night I was out with some younger women and they're still struggling. Trying to work out what the best way to handle it is and what treatment to get and they're still people pushing back around different treatments like HRT. I was really surprised. We've come on a lot more than we have 10 years ago, people are speaking about it, but there's still a lot of ignorance really, misinformation. James Valentine: It still seems to be an area of mystery, really, and half whispered truths. Oh well I've heard you should do this, and what about the other? Jean Kittson: Yes, I think people are still afraid it's going to impact on their work because the Australian Human Resources Institute did asurvey and they found that the majority of women would not mention menopause at work because they thought they'd be considered old, sidelined for leadership positions.With all the stigma still attached to menopausal women. So there's still a lot of, I don't want to talk about it in the workplace. And that of course translates to, I don't really want to talk about it at all. James Valentine: Yeah, and leading into it, let's say you're 30 or 40. You're not even thinking about it. Jean Kittson: No, well that's the thing, and yet when I was doing my book, I found that most of the women I randomly chose to interview were having their first hot flushes around 40, 42. And we're always told it's around 50, 52, 55, that area. But many, many women will start going through perimenopause, which is another part of menopause that I didn't even know existed until I went through menopause. So there's perimenopause that can start 10 years earlier. And some women are thinking, they'll follow the Hollywood style. Oh, I'll have a baby. She had a baby naturally at 50. So can I. I'll just keep putting it off. What? Well, was that a hot flush? What the hell? What am I going to do? You know, so it comes as a terrible shock. And I think there's a lot of things about women's bodies that need to be talked about more openly. Fertility, ovulation, menopause, all those sorts of things. James Valentine:Yeah. If only it happened to men. Jean Kittson: If only, we'd never hear the end of it. James Valentine: That's right, we'd have championships in it. Jean Kittson: Yeah, that's right. James Valentine:Set world records, all that kind of stuff. Jean Kittson:You'd have, you know, months off. Yeah. Menopause month off. James Valentine: Do you know, he's battling with menopause but still CEO. What a guy. Jean Kittson: That's right. Hang on, you can't talk to him for a moment. James Valentine: That's right, just wait. Jean Kittson:All the windows are open. James Valentine: He's a little bit emotional but come back tomorrow, he'll be fine. Jean Kittson: We were going to have a board meeting, it's cancelled. But don't worry about it, it's menopause. James Valentine: What? Oh, that's fine, no worries. I went through it myself, man. On you go. Good on ya, chaps. Is it as simple as, like, it was happening to you and you found it difficult to find relevant information, what you needed to know? Jean Kittson: Oh yeah, that's why I wrote my book.I wrote the book I needed. I needed to find the facts out about menopause, and I found out so many other facts about my own body that had never been talked about. We're just sort of more primed, our whole body is primed to have sex when we ovulate rather than other times of the month. But we're told that women are just ready for it every day of the freaking week. James Valentine: Yeah, and let me clarify that. That was men who decided that one? Jean Kittson: Can't say it ain't so. Just because men don't understand women and don't like it when we get a little bit feisty, a little bit irritable, start giving our kids a burnt chop. You know, in the old days, we were diagnosed with climacteric insanity and locked up. And if men of a certain age got a little bit feisty, a little bit irritable, they were elected to parliament. James Valentine: That's right. That's very good. Dr Ginni Mansberg's with us. You've met! Jean Kittson: Yes, we have, Ginni, hello. Ginni Mansberg: Hello darling, how are you? Hello to both of you. James Valentine: Thank you so much for coming. Is this, like, I think what we've got to is, I'm sort of seeing, we shouldn't necessarily think about all these things as separate? It's the entire cycle of life and the entire fertility cycle of a woman that we should be discussing, not as though there's this thing that happens to people called menopause. Ginni Mansberg: Absolutely. I mean, a lot of people don't realise that menopause itself is a single day that happens 12 months from the first day of your last period. Only, you probably didn't know it was your last period at the time because your periods were all over the show, often for up to several years before you go into menopause proper. And we call that perimenopause. I call it hormone hell. Your hormones are giving you a triple pike with a half flip because they are going up and down like a yo-yo, and our brains and our bodies really don't like those fluctuating hormone levels. So often, exactly as Jean was saying, the worst of it comes in your mid to late 40s, not in your late 50s. That's not it at all. In fact, sometimes life gets a lot better on the other side of the rainbow after menopause. James Valentine: Hang on, just take me back. You said a single day, menopause is a single event. Ginni Mansberg: It is. So it's defined as 12 months from your last period.That's really problematic for women who, for example, have a hysterectomy before they go into menopause. It doesn't make any sense for those women whatsoever because their hysterectomy might have been at age 40, their ovaries were fully functional and don't go into decline for another six years. That's a problem for women who use contraceptives like the Mirena coil that have some progesterone in their coil. They don't have regular periods either. So there is a movement to change that definition, but that's what we've got at the moment, that single day. 12 months after you had your last period. James Valentine: Yeah, we describe it, Jean, as it seems to me like it's anything from about 45 to 75, a whole period of life. Jean Kittson: Yes, that's right. That's right. I haven't heard the single daydefinition before, I must say, but of course it is 12 months after your last period, so if you can count to the day, that's the day you are officially, and probably, you know, medically, scientifically, in menopause. James Valentine: What happens on that day? Jean Kittson: You buy a bottle of champagne! James Valentine: Ginni, what happens on that day?   Ginni Mansberg: Mostly it's not a lot different from the perimenopause that precedes it. And those early postmenopausal years, that's why I think getting hung up on definitions is problematic from a medical perspective. It's not like once you hit menopause on that day, everything changes. It's not like that at all. In fact, the treatment is fairly similar whether you've gone through menopause already or whether you're in that lead up, but your hormones are still giving you hormone hell. James Valentine: Jean, when you were looking at this, did you find a treatment for menopause? Jean Kittson: Well, when I started going through menopause, I was asking around my friends, what's going on, and they said, oh, it's probably menopause, and most of them didn't take any treatments, and they said it was a breeze for them, or they didn't really like to talk about it. Some of my friends said, I'm on HRT. Other people were saying, HRT is deadly, you'll get breast cancer. It was during that time. It wasn't long after the Women's Health Initiative brought out the report that linked HRT to breast cancer and everyone dropped off using it.But then it was found 12 years later to be flawed and HRT is the best way to go. So I had to keep being a fully functioning woman. I had kids at home, elderly parents, I was full-time job. I couldn't stand on stage and start perspiring and mopping my brow, and that's the first time I had a hot flush. I was talking to all these young Czech guys from Ericsson or something. It was a corporate gig, and I'm standing on stage in a silk top, gold silk top. And then I'm going, is it hot in here? That's probably the first time I mentioned that, you know, out of the million times I've mentioned it since. And I started mopping my brow, and then I looked down, and my whole top had turned like camouflage. I had rings of sweat under my boobs, I had them down the side, and then I thought,I have to do something radical about this. So I went to a gynaecologist, I talked about HRT, I realised there was a lot of fear that a lot of women suffered, a lot of women would leave their jobs because they thought they weren't coping with work, but they actually weren't coping with their menopause symptoms. I realised it was like in so many aspects, women were afraid, they suffered, there were these taboos, they were without information, they couldn't lead fully functioning lives, basically. And so, their biology was in denial, and one of the reasons they denied their biology and didn't talk about it was because when we were allburning our bras and things like that, we wanted to be equal to men, the same as men in the workplace. We didn't want to admit that actually there's things that are going to happen biologically that are going to affect our jobs. Not for the worse. We just have to work around it. Like we've got the little kitchen tidies in the toilets now. You know, in the old days, men would say, Oh, don't listen to her. She's on the rags, when we got our period. If you said that now, you'd be considered a fossil and a twerp. So we've got to get the same with menopause. So there's lots of great treatments, but Ginni would know. James Valentine: Ginni, we might come back to treatments. Let's just discuss the symptoms. First of all, you know, Jean's first moment is ghastly. Thank you for repeating it. But the range of symptoms is also extraordinary, isn't it? Ginni Mansberg: Yeah, everything from palpitations to shortness of breath to itchy skin, a whole lot of stuff that goes on below the belt. Hot flushes is the one that most people know about and that's because it's really common and very visible. So 75% of women will experience those hot flushes. They're not always dramatic, like Jean's. Some women just run hotter and a lot of women experience heat at night, so that interrupts their sleep. We see a lot of insomnia. About 80% of women will experience what we call brain fog. So you can't remember, oh, what's that thing that you write with that leaves ink on the page? Can't remember the name of it.What's that thing that I need to get into the lock of my house? Can't remember that thing. Forgetting people's names, being on a Zoom call and forgetting the name of the project you're working on, that 80% of women will have that, but a lot of people don't realize that this is peak time for mental health issues in a woman's life. So one in three women will experience some sort of mental health problem. Anxiety and depression are the main ones, and they have particular hues. We often call it the ‘peri rage'. People are just so angry and so annoyed, and they don't understand why they're so angry with people, but lashing out and acting what they feel like is very inappropriate. They're very remorseful and quite paranoid, very thin skinned, very easily offended. Now, when you put those things together, it's not surprising exactly as Jean says, that untreated, 10% of women will leave the workforce altogether at this time, an additional 14% will decide to go part time or to significantly reduce their hours, an additional 8% of women will either ask for a demotion or actively avoid a promotion, say no to a promotion that's offered to them. And then we can't understand about number one, the gender pay gap, but number two, the fact that Australasian women retire with so much lower levels of superannuation and the Australian Institute of Superannuation Trustees has estimated that for Australian women alone, menopause costs between $17 and $35 billion a year in lost revenue and lost superannuation because they are exiting the workforcebecause of this hormonal glass ceiling. Now that doesn't happen to everyone, but I think that those numbers are costing the Australian economy enough and women enough that we need to be taking it more seriously and not just saying it's a couple of hot sweats. Suck it up, princess. James Valentine: Yeah. But I think Jean highlights the difficulty here for many women is to say, is that unless the society acknowledges it, unless the entire workforce and all of our structures acknowledge the existence of these things, it's very difficult for an individual woman to suddenly say in the workplace, actually, can we just deal with my menopause?Um, you know, is that okay? Can we accommodate that now, please? Ginni Mansberg:I think we really need to talk about the study that Jean talked about called the Women's Health Initiative Study that came out in 2002. So if you allow me just a couple of minutes to explain what happened and why we are in a bit of a disaster today. So untilthat study came out, around the 1990s, big cohort studies – so when you look at big populations – what scientists had found was that women who were taking the older forms of HRT had lower levels of heart disease. And so the National Institutes of Health in America decided to mount a massive study, 110,000 women, that was a prospective placebo controlled trial. Don't worry about the details. It's just a really, really good study. And they took women with an average age of 63 who had never had hormone therapy and gave half a placebo and half hormone therapy to look at what would happen to their rates of heart disease and other illnesses. What they didn't expect to find was this. For every 10,000 women who took a placebo, there were 30 cases of breast cancer. But for every 10,000 women who took this old-school form of HRT that we no longer use at an average age of 63, when the vastmajority of women are well past their symptoms and don't need it anymore, when they started it at that age, there were 38 cases of breast cancer per 10,000 women. The result of that finding was that, and on top of the fact that no, they didn't have any less heart disease, they decided to cancel the study. But instead of talking about those relative risks and the fact that this was not in the population that used hormone replacement therapy in real world trials, they went to the papers and said, hey, this stuff causes breast cancer. And a fewthings happened as a result of that. Number one, 80% of women worldwide threw their HRT in the bin and all the menopause symptoms got rebranded as just like a wrinkle, like a bit of, if you can't handle that, you're a princess. You shouldn't need this stuff. It's very dangerous. The second thing was, and this is really important.There's a legacy of this today, was the doctors were no longer taught about menopause. It went out of the curriculum. I, with all of my postgraduate experience, have never had any formal education on menopause. Everything I know is self taught by joining the various menopause societies around the world because it is not taught to medical students.It's not taught to GPs. It's not taught to gynaecologists these days. This is a real problem. There are also still black box warnings that exist today on the newer forms of HRT that women are likely to be prescribed that don't even have that increased risk. In fact, with that study, if you took the subset of women in that 110,000 women study, who took the HRT at anaverage age between 50 and 60, there was no increased risk of breast cancer. So in the real world, use of that old school HRT, there was no increased risk of breast cancer. But the legacy today means that women are told that it's a shameful thing to ask for any help for it. You shouldn't need it because the treatment is dangerous. It makes women think that getting treatment for it isputting their own lives at risk. It also means that doctors are not skilled up to help women in this situation. And research, you know, there was no research that was done on this topic for decades. That is starting to turn around as women like Jean, who really was a pioneer in 2014 when her book came out, nobody was talking about it. And she really, really smashed that stigma. We can't thank you enough, Jean. But as doctors in my generation, the Gen Xers, hit this age group ourselves, we're going, hey, what the hell? What the hell happened to our medical education, and how have we let women down so badly, which we have. I think we're turning the corner, but I just wanted to explain the background for why we are where we are now. James Valentine: That is riveting, andI mean, Jean, I almost don't know what to make of that. You know, when you say, a gynecologist isn't trained in this, a doctor today. You mean a doctor today, sitting in medical school, how'd they come after the end of six years, and at no point did anybody say, right, this term, menopause. Jean Kittson: There's a woman called Professor Susan Davis in Melbourne, and she's training doctors in menopause and more women's health, but there wasn't a subset of women's health. And I don't think there ever was one, because I remember this gentleman, he was about 70, coming up to me at a book signing.And he said he was a GP and he said he trained in the 1960s in England. And he said, I'd like to buy your book. Because I've never, he said, the only time at medical school that menopause was ever mentioned was when we were sitting in a lecture theatre, all men, mainly men, sitting in a lecture theatre. They wheeled a woman into the centre of the lecture theatre, a woman of a certain age. And, um, she was introduced as a menopausal woman. And she looked around and she said, my husband doesn't bother me anymore. And that was it.My husband doesn't bother me. So, that was her, that was their lesson in menopause, that obviously women just go right off sex, that's it. You know, nothing else. James Valentine: That's the most crucial factor that happens in the whole thing. Jean Kittson: Yeah. But importantly, what Ginni's saying about the study that linked HRT to breast cancer, there was a new study that came out in 2012, so 10 years later, that explained why it was wrong and what Ginni was saying.As you get older, you're more likely to get breast cancer anyway. So they were using people into their 70s in this study. But what happened was when women threw away their HRT was doctors started prescribing antidepressants to deal with it instead. So we have this huge sort of flood of women on antidepressants because they felt confident with that.They felt if they prescribed HRT and their patient got breast cancer, they could sue, you know, it was all up in the air. There was a lot offear in the medical world. So now all these women are on antidepressantswhen what they're experiencing once again is what Ginni said, hormonal fluctuations. Ginni Mansberg: Anxiety is more common than depression during the peri and menopausal years. In fact, trigger warning, one in three women will get this anxiety and depression. It is peak time for anxiety and depression in a woman's life. It's also peak time for suicide in women is 45 to 55. And it's clearly a hormonal thing. And we very rightly in this country focus a lot on postnatal depression. And we don't focus enough on midlife women's depression. What we do see is that if you did have a history of previous hormonal anxiety and depression, on the pill, postnatal, it'll almost inevitably come up again during this period, this perimenopausal period. But we see it a lot in women who have never experienced it before, and severe depression, like a lot of these women can be hospitalised. What we also know, exactly to what you were saying, Jean, about the use of antidepressant medications, at best they are about 75% effective, which is better thannothing.But they do leave 25% of women or people in general who don't respond to them. That level of effectiveness goes down to around about 50% in women who are going through perimenopause and menopause, whereas the hormone replacement therapy is in fact, 76% effective. So nothing is 100% effective, but this is clearly a hormonal issue. And if you speak to Professor Jayashri Kulkarni, who is from the HER Centre at Monash University, who is a world leader in menopause andall psychiatric disorders. Her first port of call will always be a hormone treatment and she will only bring an antidepressant medication in if somebody has severe symptoms, for example, they're suicidal or they can't function or they literally need to be hospitalised and that will only be for a short time and then she gets them off it again and they stay on the hormone replacement therapy. So it's a very different treatment now to what we used to do only 10 years ago, even just when your book came out, Jean. James Valentine: Jean, I think you highlighted another aspect of this is the time of life at which this occurs. A woman is going to very often have perhaps teenage children,children moving into adulthood. She might be starting to go really well in her career. Her parents are now 70 or 80. You know, there's a lot going on at the point at which this hits. Jean Kittson: Yes, well, women really are at their peak now in their careers. Once, a hundred years ago, the average age of mortality of a woman, a woman would die at 57, so you hit menopause, you die. Menopause is the least of your problems. But now we're into our late 80s, mid 80s, late 80s. We've still got a third of our life to live and we still are working and running a family and the kids are probably still at home and we've got our elderly parents. Just as you say. So the time of life when menopause hits is really a very intense time of life for women.There's so much going on. And you may finally be getting into the position at work where you're feeling really comfortable and you know what you're doing. You have all this knowledge and expertise and understanding, and thensuddenly you're battling with something physically that is undermining your ability to manage all these different aspects in your life. And you have to micromanage so much stuff in life. And when you're not getting sleep, I think that's probably one of the worst things, not getting sleep. Then your anxiety and everything, it goes up. Because you're waking up during the night with these hot flushes or night sweats or whatever you want to call them, that's why you really need to get some proper support. And now we know, I went on HRT for 10, 12 years, it was fantastic. I couldn't have managed without it. I felt really good. And now there's so much information that it's good for your bowels and your heart and your brain and youreverything, isn't it? Your skin. There's so many things it actually helps in a woman. James Valentine: Ginni, is HRT the only treatment? I mean, people will see a range of stuff that's beingsold to them or is available. Ginni Mansberg: Yeah, so there are womenwho can't have HRT or don't want to. And I think what I'm passionate about and a lot of doctors now are passionate about is autonomy of women to have their own choices and HRT is one choice and if women choose not to or can't have it because they have a breast cancer which has what we call oestrogen receptors on it then we give them HRT and there's a possibility we can actually make their cancer worse. So not everyone can have it. In that situation, we need to have a range of issues. What I love about HRT is of the 53 symptoms that we've so far identified, everything from palpitations and itchy skin to incontinence, and of course, your hot flushes and your depression. It's the only one that wraps up, I guess, every single symptom and helps every single symptom. That's what's nice about it. However, a lot of women don't even have a lot of symptoms. So what we can do is target your symptoms individually with different medications and antidepressants is definitely an option, although none of them are as effective as hormone replacement therapy. Because menopause is having a bit of a moment now, but because women are still left with this lingering doubt about the safety and efficacy of hormone treatments, there is a whole raft of products that have come to market promising all sorts of symptom relief, mainly in the supplement space, but also in the tea space, in the wellness powder space. Promising a whole lot of things that we have fairly good evidence do not work whatsoever. But, once you put an ‘M' on it, and put a pink bow on the cover – we call it ‘meno-washing'.You're going to now charge double for a menopause herbal product than you are for a normal herbal product. Because women are vulnerable, plus we are pretty good consumers. We are generally now, us Gen X women, prepared to go and buy things for ourselves if we think they're going to contribute to our wellness. So my concern is if you are going to buy one of these menopause products, I would really run it by a doctor who has experience in hormone replacement therapy. And other menopause management, a lot of women will get a placebo effect. In fact, in studies, it's up to 75% placebo effect. In my experience, you'll get a good six to maybe 12 months out of a placebo effect. But meanwhile, you're getting to the point where, do you remember I talked about the Women's Health Initiative and I told you that the women who started it late ran into problems. That's the best thing that came out of that study. We know if you are over 60 or if it's been more than 10 years since your menopause, you can't start HRT anymore.It confers a very big number of risks for you. James Valentine: Well, it seems to me, Jean, we started saying your book is 10 years old. So this is one of the firstvolumes and first statements to break through a lot of taboo about it, a lot of non conversation. You said, look, things are a little better. We've come some way. I'm not feeling that necessarily by the end of this conversation. It seems to me so much further to go. Any one thing you want to happen right now? Jean Kittson: I would like women not to just google menopause because then they will get so much misinformation.There are really reputable organisations with the correct information, with the facts, and that is places like the Menopause Society that Ginni mentioned, the Jean Hailes foundation, Ginni's probably got a finger on more of them now, I don't go to them, but both those places have the facts. Get the facts because there's so much misinformation and it's really controllable. It's a great time of life. If you can get a good sleep and you haven't got the anxiety and you've got control over that, it's wonderful not having to fork out all this money on sanitary products. And you can wear white jeans again, you can go swimming without fear of attracting sharks, it's brilliant. The whole thing is really very, very liberating, but take control over it. Get the right information, get the facts. Don't just chat to people and try and get it that way, becausethere's so much misinformation. James Valentine: Yeah. Ginni, any one thing you want to see happen right now? Ginni Mansberg: Yes, if you head to the Australasian Menopause Societywebsite, and then click on find a doctor, you will find a doctor who has a particular interest in menopause and is unlikely to give you the sort of like, oh, you can't have HRT, it's dangerous, kind of advice that I'm still hearing every day. We have made, Jean and I have made, menopause sound absolutely horrendous, which untreated it is. Treated, it is not. Treated, you have a normal life. You do not need to leave the workforce. You do not need to end your marriage. It is peak time for divorce. You don't need to have a fight with your best friend or sister. You can actually have a normal life. And I would urge women not to see this as an inevitable and natural phase of life, so just something to be borne by women or just seeing it as there's nothing you can do. There's so much we can do for you. Please let us help you and let you get your life back because you don't need to just put up with it. James Valentine: Thank you so much. Fabulous conversation. Thank you so much for sharing so much information and experience with us here on Life's Booming. Jean Kittson: Thank you, James, for the opportunity to keep talking about menopause. Talk it up! Ginni Mansberg: Thanks, guys. James Valentine: Well, if you want to know more, you could do no better than to read Jean Kittson's book You're Still Hot To Me.As we said, it's still out there. It's still a very vital book examining the conditions for menopause in Australia. And Dr Ginni Mansberg's book is called The M Word, and it's doing the same thing. It's looking at the medical basis, as we keep saying, the facts about menopause. Well I hope you enjoyed this episode of Season 5, Life's Booming, Is This Normal? Brought to you by Australian Seniors.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Changes to our joints, bones and muscles are often attributed simply to ageing ‘wear and tear', but is that true? From creaky joints to hip and knee replacements, physiotherapist Rod Grof takes us through the top musculoskeletal risks as we age, while Logie-winning actor John Wood shares his own health story, and how health impacts his life. About the episode - brought to you by Australian Seniors.  Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in between. Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. Acting veteran John Wood is no stranger to treading the boards. From Rafferty's Rules and Blue Heelers to comedy revue Senior Moments and Ensemble Theatre's newest show, The Great Divide, John has been entertaining audiences for more than 40 years. Rod Grof is a Melbourne-based physiotherapist and principal of Platinum Physio. Experienced in treating a range of musculoskeletal injuries and conditions in clients across the lifespan, Rod helps his older patients to live more active lives, with less pain. If you' have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - lifesbooming@seniors.com.au. Watch Life's Booming on Youtube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency   Transcript: James Valentine: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming Series 5 of this most excellent and award winning podcast. I'm James Valentine and in this series we're going to ask the question, is this normal? I mean, as we age, stuff happens to us. Our bodies change, things fall off, we get crook, stuff doesn't work as well as it used to. There's nothing we can do about it, we're getting older, we're ageing. But which bits are normal? Which bits do we have no control over? Which bits can we do something about? That's the kind of questions that we're going to be asking in this series, Is This Normal?, of Life's Booming. Now, of course, if you enjoy this series, leave us a review, tell all your families and friends about it. And we want to hear from you as well. You can contribute to this. If you've got questions about things in particular that you want to know, perhaps there's some particular wear and tear happening to you. Let us know. We'd love to see if we can answer that question in the series. We're gonna look at things like menopause, gut health, mental health, lots of other burning questions. So think about those areas and if there's something in there that's specific to you that you'd like us to cover, let us know. From creaky joints to hip and knee replacements, let's find out the things that are really gonna affect our muscles and our bones, our musculoskeletal system. Someone who knows muscles a lot better than me is Melbourne based director of platinum physio, Rod Grof. Rod helps his older patients to live more active lives with less pain and he can share what commonly happens to our bodies as we age and also what we can do about it. But before we bring on Rod, let me introduce someone who's very familiar to you. You're gonna know him. He's a great guy and a marvellous actor. You got to know and love him in Blue Heelers. He's currently in the ensemble theatres The Logie winning actor. Hello, John Wood.  John Wood: Hello, James. How are you?  James Valentine: Good. You're a bit crook.  John Wood: Oh, I'm not that crook. I've had Rheumatoid arthritis for about the last 15 years and it sort of slows you down.  James Valentine: What did you first notice?  John Wood: Pains in the ankles, really. You know, quite severe pains in the ankles and difficulty getting around. And then I started to notice it in the hands, you know, like it was, you know, the knuckles were really swelling up and the hand was very difficult to move, but I also discovered I had Gout in, certainly in this hand, this hand I had an MRI done on and it was full of uric acid. James Valentine: Yeah, right. And were they, what did they say at the time, was that compounding, were they separate things or compounding one another?  John Wood: Well, they're separate and you take different medication for them both. I mean, you take allopurinol for the gout and methotrexate for the arthritis and I've started taking curcumin recently, which seems to settle things down a bit, and mersynofen.  And this week, I've had, I don't know why it's happened, but I seem to have something like bursitis. There's no lump or swelling or anything, but the elbow has been giving me jib James Valentine: It just happens. It's like, what do you do? It just happens, doesn't it? Everything starts to go a bit. How long a period, like from say the ankle pain to the joints, are we talking months, years?  John Wood: Not very long. It was, it just seems that I've got Rheumatoid everywhere. You know, like it's, apart from slowing me down a bit, it hasn't really affected my work, except for one occasion I auditioned for the Harry Potter musical and they had us marching up and down and across and sideways and doing all sorts of stuff and that was all fine, then this associate director from England said, now I want you all to fall down. And I said, I can't even get on the ground to play choo-choo trains with my grandkids. So I said, it's a big mistake getting me to fall down. He said, nevermind fall down anyway. So I fell down and I had to be helped up by Julie Forsyth and a couple of other women. James Valentine: And so it doesn't impede you that much, but it's painful. John Wood: It's always very painful. Yeah. But at the moment, it's not too bad. I guess you get used to it as time goes on. And I've been lucky that the methotrexate has stopped any, you know, the stuff that says swelling.  James Valentine: Yeah. It doesn't seem to be there.  John Wood: No, no. And you know, I remember seeing old ladies when I was a kid, you know, whose fingers were really gnarled and bent.  James Valentine: And sort of folded into a claw almost.  John Wood: Yeah, yeah.  James Valentine: It's shocking. And so apart from the drugs, what else have you, what else have you tried? Exercise, diet?  John Wood: Oh I'm trying, I'm staying at Kirribilli at the moment of course, and it's a bloody long walk up to the shops at Milsons Point. Just about, you know, like I'm getting fitter.  James Valentine: Well let's bring in Rod. He's Director of Platinum Physio and he helps patients like you, you know, with, I suppose, the non chemical approach and trying to get that bloody long walk to maybe go a bit bloody further.  Rod, thanks for joining us. What are you hearing and what John's telling us? Rod Grof: I'm hearing a very common story. We have plenty of patients who come into our clinic with Rheumatoid arthritis. And you said John, 15 years ago was your onset of it. So often we hear that Rheumatoid arthritis' onset is between the ages of 30 to 50 years of age.  And you're currently taking methotrexate: just for our listeners, that's actually a immunosuppressant, so it's going to slow down the immune response and in turn reduce, hopefully reduce the inflammatory response as well. And starting in the ankles, that's fairly common, but more so starting in the hands and the feet is probably the first point. And then it progresses to the knees, the ankles and as you've mentioned now, the elbows.  James Valentine: You think the elbows are Rheumatoid?  Rod Grof: There's a very good chance that it would be, yes.  John Wood: Oh great, right.  Rod Grof: But again, without a proper assessment, we can't categorically tell you that. But just interestingly that you mentioned that, you know, when James asked you about the exercise side of things, there's some really great non pharmacological interventions, John, that you could really get involved in.  And one of them, which I could speak really highly about would be something called hydrotherapy, which is exercising in warm water at approximately 34 degrees Celsius, and just being able to really get a good workout and have a really targeted workout, which will address your muscles as well as your tendons and your ligaments that are ultimately affected by Rheumatoid arthritis to help improve things like your flexibility and we need to know, have you noticed that you've had changes in your flexibility, your mobility over the years?  John Wood: I've never been all that flexible. I had, I was told when I was in my early teens, I had back trouble and the doctor discovered that I had two L5 vertebrae and I, you know, like most men, I used to use my spine like a crane and just, you know.  James Valentine: And so is that like, so during the course of the rheumatoid arthritis, say the last 15 years, has anyone suggested exercise or anything apart from drugs? John Wood: Well, I was doing my own exercise. I was walking in the RACV club pool at a place called Healesville in Victoria. And it's really great exercise because it's 1. 2 meters deep. It's a heated pool. It's not heated to as warm as Rod suggested but, it's great. I mean, you know, walking through water and I used to do it. James Valentine: That was sort of self prescribed, wasn't it? You just thought this is good. John Wood: Yeah, yeah. I just thought this is, you know, like the water takes a bit of weight off the joints.  James Valentine: But no one has said at any point, you know, when you go back to get it checked or, you know, no doctor or anybody else has said anything, just go and have a chat to the physio.  John Wood:No.  James Valentine: No. No. You hear that a lot, you know, a lot of people don't know what you can offer, Rod.  Rod Grof: Yes, that is the case. And our physio association are really pushing forward the campaign just to give the general public to get a good understanding of the breadth of what we do. And it's not just about musculoskeletal. We also treat patients neurologically. We also treat patients, you know, cardiothoracic wise as well. So there's a lot that patients don't know that physios can do except for massaging, you know, Chris Judd on the sidelines at an AFL game.  James Valentine: Yeah, yeah. Or, you know, or actors who need a little bit of help. Rod Grof: Yeah, absolutely.  James Valentine: Can't get up off the Harry Potter stage at any point. So would you consider it now, John? Like, you know, like we can go in a little bit more about what it actually offers. Are you open to stuff, you know?  John Wood: Yeah, yeah, of course I am. Yeah, yeah. I'd be very happy to talk to Rod. I believe you're in Melbourne, so.  Rod Grof: Yes, I'm based in Melbourne. John Wood: I'm just here, up here, working at the moment.  James Valentine: So Rheumatoid arthritis, how common is that? Rod Grof: Rheumatoid arthritis is fairly common. It's a condition which is an autoimmune disease, which basically means that your body essentially is attacking itself. It's malfunctioning. And it's different to other forms of arthritis or the more popular or more well known type being osteoarthritis, which is more of your wear and tear type of arthritis. With Rheumatoid arthritis, that is when the body is actually attacking the lining of the joints, and that causes the redness, causes the swelling, and really a significant amount of pain and loss of function. James Valentine: Then that would suggest to me it's kind of curable. You know, can we take something to fix it?  Rod Grof: So sadly it actually isn't curable. However, it can be managed. So that's where I come into the picture. The non pharmacological side of things is you know, exercise, good sleep nutrition, stressing less, having a really good lifestyle and being active; yoga, meditation, mindfulness, all of these things are really important to help manage that condition from a non pharmacological perspective. And when you go and see the quacks, see the docs, they're the ones that are going to feed you all the different pills. And I always say this, if there was a pill for exercise, every single doctor would be prescribing it.  James Valentine: Yeah. But in some ways, it is the hardest one to do if you don't, if you haven't had a discipline of it in your life, it can be very hard to start.  Rod Grof: Absolutely. You know, we have plenty of patients that come through our door that are across the lifespan and some of them have never walked into a gym in their life. An active gym is a real central feature of our physiotherapy clinics.  James Valentine: So what's going on in this gym? What are you doing?  Rod Grof: So in the gym we're actually completing some physio supervised exercise. So we're actually taking the patient through a Physio tailored exercise regime, which addresses whatever their deficits are.  James Valentine: We said, you know, if you haven't had exercise as part of your life, where you're not used to gyms, maybe that can be a bit forbidding. I mean, the other difficulty that can come with ageing is that you're not as limber as you once were, or you've got another injury or a knee problem or something that may interfere with you doing the exercise. Rod Grof: Absolutely. So often as well, having other niggles is a massive deterrent. And again, we've had patients that come in all the time and say, look, I used to be a runner and you know, I unfortunately was climbing a ladder one day and doing some housework and I fell off the ladder and I landed on my knee and I had to go to surgery and I had to go to hospital and have surgery. And unfortunately that moment in time has really prevented them from going on to do any form of exercise or rehabilitation. Whereas that's the time that should really be the impetus and really give you that motivation to start getting better because there's just so much that can be done.  James Valentine: It's common at this point to start to have, I've got a bit of a creaky knee and a bit of a dicky hip and my elbow is a bit weird when, you know, the sun's at 45 degrees and I just played tennis three days ago. You know, it can all feel a little bit ill defined or you've had a bit of a go at a couple of things and nothing much happened or changed. That's what it can feel like at this age. Hang on. I'm describing myself. You know like and you're not sure whether to seek treatment for every creaky bit that's that's going on.  Rod Grof: Yes, so what you're describing is, you know, noisy knees is a great example. The reality is if it's not painful and not affecting your quality of life, just play on. Don't worry about it. We become so obsessed and we hear so much about, you know, bone on bone and my joints are creaking and cracking. Well, there's plenty of evidence that suggests that people who are bone on bone actually don't have any pain. And there are those that have pristine looking joints, and can't get off a couch. So based on that, there's really good evidence, really important lifestyle choices that you can still make. And based on that, we would encourage you, even if you're hearing all these interesting sounds in different parts of your body, work through it, and if it's progressively getting worse, that's when you do seek treatment. James Valentine: Do you start with the physiotherapist? Do I go to a GP? Do I go to some other doctor and then get referred to you?  Rod Grof:  It's a great question. Now, I believe when it comes to musculoskeletal related conditions, go straight to your physiotherapist. Here in Australia, you don't need a referral, so it's very, very accessible. Often we'll have patients that will go to a GP and the GP says you need to go see a physiotherapist straight away. Also, there are some GPs though, that might go, Oh, okay. You've got a bit of a creaky shoulder. Maybe we need to go and do an X-ray or do some imaging. So I've seen people walk through my door with a wheelbarrow worth of scans. I'm talking about scans, including X-rays, MRIs, CT scans, ultrasounds over the last 20 to 25 years in relation to whatever joint it is that's bothering them. Now, these people have done the ring around. They've gone doctor shopping and seeking answers and they come through our door because this one doctor in the last 20 years who they've seeked has said, why don't you go and see a physiotherapist? So they come into our door and the first thing we ask them is, have you ever seen a physio? They say, no. Have you ever done any form of exercise? They say no. Okay. Well, great. Here's a starting point. And I try to soften it. I didn't say we've got a gym out here. Let's go and do some gym work because again, the idea of going into a gym can be quite terrifying for people because they think of macho men with their tops off and flexing their muscles in the mirror. So just to sweeten it up a bit, it's more of a rehabilitation center and that just kind of takes the edge off it a bit. And that way we at least get that buy in and introduce them into that gym setting. Let's talk a little  James Valentine: bit more about the difference between Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis, because I think we've spent a fair bit on Rheumatoid. Osteo comes on when in your life, what's it caused by, what is it?  Rod Grof: Absolutely, so Osteoarthritis occurs, you know, pretty much over the age of 40 years of age. There's different degrees of it, different stages of it. It is a Progressive condition and you know, it's, it's part of the, unfortunately it's part of the ageing process. Like we get gray hair, like we get wrinkles, that's all age related changes. These things are common with arthritis where ultimately, or osteoarthritis, where the cartilage that lines the joint changes.  And that can be as a result of different mechanical stresses that you put through your joints and more commonly, wear and tear and genetics, you know, unfortunately we can't really fight genetics.  So one of the biggest, I guess, risk factors that you can't change for arthritis is your age, your sex, and also your genes. When I say sex, it's more common in females than it is in males. Now arthritis, unlike Rheumatoid arthritis affects more of your major weight bearing joints, i.e. predominantly your hips and your knees.  Okay. And again, you might get sensations of what you described before, which was the noisy sounds. We call that crepitus. That's the medical term for it. Specifically, you might get some bony enlargement as well around the particular joint that you're working with. And unfortunately there are factors as well. The other risk factors that are actually modifiable are things like improving your muscle strength. Improving your level of physical activity and also again, just ensuring that you're living a healthy lifestyle.  James Valentine: Yeah. So when this first occurs, can you slow it down? Can you end up, can you get rid of it?  Rod Grof: So again, you can, it's not that you can get rid of osteoarthritis. However you can slow it down and you can by doing all of those modifiable, implementing most of those modifiable factors, as I said, particularly exercise, weight loss is a really big one as well. And by the way, this is quite an interesting fact, which I'm sure your audience will find very interesting. For every 10 percent of body weight that we lose, there is a 50 percent reduction in the amount of loads going through our knee joints.  James Valentine: Yeah. Well, that's amazing. So I lose 10 kilos. It's like 50 kilos less through my knee. Is that what that means?  Rod Grof: So it's 50 percent less load going through the knee. So as a great example, I had a gentleman who I saw last week and I've been seeing him for the last few months. He came in initially with significant knee pain referred by an orthopedic surgeon for physio prior to having a knee joint replacement. And we had our discussion about what are the first line of interventions and treatments that we can do to assist you and hopefully potentially slow down the process or delay the operation. But again, he was on a wait list. So in his mind, it was happening. I go to him, do me a favor. Let's try and lose 10 kilograms. Go consult with a dietitian and let's get you onto an exercise program which consisted of twice weekly exercise under physio supervision as well. And this patient now came in last week. He weighs 90 kilograms. He couldn't walk. He couldn't get off his chair without pain. He couldn't walk around the block. He couldn't go to his letterbox.  And now this guy is walking and getting up and picking up his grandchildren off the floor completely unrestricted. It's quite astonishing. And he's a really great example of what, you know, physical activity and looking after yourself and being motivated can do. So he's actually now completely called off that joint replacement. James Valentine: Now for many, it will end up in surgery. Is there an ideal age? Is there a right age for this sort of thing? What are the conditions in which you would go well, okay, yes, you're going to have to replace the hip. You're saying that it's hips and knees that get most affected by osteoarthritis. So that's the things we tend to replace, isn't it? Rod Grof: Absolutely. So the most common areas of the most common joints that get replaced are our hips and our knees. So at what point would you get the operation? Again, everybody's different. Typically these operations have around a 15 to 20 year lifespan as well before you have to go in again and get it revised. And that can be quite a big procedure and one that, you know, surgeons are happy to do, but if you can delay it, the better. So ideally, 65 to 75 year olds are the most common age bracket that will end up having a joint replacement. Any earlier would suggest that your arthritis has progressed quite significantly and it needs to really affect your quality of life because at the end of the day, it's not a magical bullet. It's the last resort. As in terms of the triage of what needs to be done, education, exercise, weight loss is number one. The next phase is looking at things like injection therapy, taking pain relief, taking anti-inflammatory medication. And again, if that's still not giving you the quality of life that you're after, that's when you look at having joint replacements.   James Valentine: Rod, let's just think about other general wear and tear things that happen at this age. We've, we've talked about hips and knees. We've talked about the two main arthritis things. What are the other main sort of physical wear and tear we're going to expect? Rod Grof: Sure. So our tendons, which connect our muscle to our bones, different bodily structures that with time, they go through that wear and tear process as well. And again, the solution to ensure that you don't have any issues like what we call the medical term for a previously was known as tendinitis. Now it's actually been changed to a tendinopathy because we know there's not really inflammation per se in the tendon. But the issue is the actual genetic or the makeup of the tendon as we get older, the collagen fibers become a bit more frayed and disorganized, and that is part of the aging process. So again, what's the solution for it? James Valentine: Can I guess, can I have a shot at this? Let me see. Might it be exercise? Might it be some resistance? Could diet be a factor here?  Rod Grof: All of the above. Fantastic. So it's pretty simple.  James Valentine: I've been listening so far.  Rod Grof: It's a very simple solution. And again, I can't emphasize, and you can hear my passion about what I,  this is why I do what I do. My motto is to keep people active and healthy, to live the life they love. And by doing so, We're able to ensure that they can pick up their grandchildren, go for a walk with their friends singing Taylor Swift around the park, and really have a really great quality of life and enjoy the last 30, 40, 50 years because here's no reason that we should let age get in the way. James Valentine: Let's bring John back in. John, is it, you know, anything in particular that you want to, you've been listening to the kind of conversation we've been having, anything you want to ask Rod? John Wood:  How does one go about visiting you? I mean, I would be very happy to come and have a chat at some point.  Rod Grof: So if you want to come directly to the clinic or directly to any physiotherapy clinic. I would ask a few questions cause some clinics don't necessarily offer management of Rheumatoid arthritis. It might be slightly out of their scope.  James Valentine: And there's simple sort of exercises you'd start with. What would be, if he signs up, what would be some of the first things he might be doing? Rod Grof: So look, mainly the exercise that we'll focus on initially would be in relation to just improving your overall mobility and giving you a structured walking program as well and just gradually. Increasing the distance, the time over a period, because we know going too hard too soon can actually have worse outcomes as well. Especially in over 65s, balance is a really big issue. We know that one in three people over the age of 65 fall.  John Wood: Well, you know, I have noticed that I'm more prone to falling over, not being able to get my underwear on, stuff like that.  James Valentine: All right, well, you know, on to more pleasant things really, John. You're in a show. You're acting in one.  John Wood: I am working, yes.  James Valentine: You are working, which is excellent. It's a new David Williamson play. It is. Now from memory, David Williamson, I think he's retired more times than Melba, hasn't he?  John Wood: Well not yet, but the last play I did of David's was his last play.  James Valentine: Right.  John Wood: Yes, I did that in 2020. We were closed down in our last couple of weeks by COVID.  James Valentine: Ah, right, right.  John Wood: And then, I got on a plane and went home with a whole lot of people. Gladys had let off the…  James Valentine: Oh, the ruby princess!  John Wood: The ruby princess.  James Valentine: Oh so you probably brought it into Melbourne. You're probably patient zero for Melbourne.  John Wood: Well, I could well be. James Valentine: So, some, you know, two, what now, four years later, three or four years later, he's back with another play. I mean, I don't want him to stop, but he keeps telling us he is. And so, it's a new play called The Great Divide.  John Wood: Yes, and it's an interesting piece and it's getting better and better all the time. The best writing in it, for my money, is the scenes between the younger women, who's a mid thirties mum and a seventeen year old daughter. And the writing for those scenes, it's terrific, you know, like the relationship's wonderful and the girls are terrific.  James Valentine: Tell me a little bit about that rehearsal process. It's interesting you say it's getting better. I suppose in most of our minds we think, you know, David Williamson's there at the desk, he completes the script and then, there you go fellas, just say what I just wrote.  And I think this is another thing to realize with Australian plays, isn't it, is that we often see them very fresh. Whereas the thing from overseas, we might have, it might have been through a lot of rehearsal, a lot of different productions.  So, you know, this, you'll have a chance to see something here that's absolutely brand new.  John Wood: Yeah, we had a session yesterday afternoon at four o'clock where a group of people from the ensemble audience that pay money to come and watch the director at work. And so we've already, yesterday, been in front of a small audience of about 20. And we had a quick Q& A afterwards. And you know, it certainly worked for them. But there was one lady there who wanted to ask me about a line that I'd done in Crunch Time.  James Valentine: Right.  John Wood: And, you know, I spend the whole play trying to get one of my family to give me the lethal injection. James Valentine: Right.  John Wood: And I had forgotten all about this, but I have a line which says, Oh, if you want anything done, you've got to do it yourself. And this woman had picked up on that and she had a copy of the text and it wasn't in the text. And I have no recollection of myself and Mark Kilmurray discussing putting, putting that line in. James Valentine: Right. It must have popped in there, at some point. How physically, how do you find it when it's, you know, six shows a week, eight shows a week, you know, we'd been talking about your arthritis and these sort of things. That's a big physical demand; you'll be in the season soon enough, and you're a veteran of doing this. Physically, how do you find it now?  John Wood: I don't think I have any major problems with it. You know, the arthritis is mainly under control, unless this elbow thing that Rod told us is probably arthritis.  James Valentine: Yeah, sorry about that.  John Wood: But I don't, you know, like I've been managing to stay working for most of the time, you know, when Blue Heelers came to an end, I was massively disappointed, you know, because it had been 12 years of just having to drive into the city and do the show and be on a pretty good wage and…  James Valentine: That's enough of that, young fella. John Wood: Yeah, ‘Doyle, my office'. And you know, like to suddenly lose that income was shocking. But I've been working in the theatre pretty much all my career. You know, when I was doing Blue Heelers, I was also doing Williamson's play, The Club, all over the country.  James Valentine: Great play.  John Wood: And, yeah, it's the funniest play ever written in Australia, in my view. It is just hysterically funny.  James Valentine: But that's good if you don't find the season taxing. John Wood: I can't imagine what I would do if I stopped acting.  James Valentine: Well, that's, I think you're a great advertisement for, you love it. So why stop doing it? You know.  John Wood: Well yeah, I can't, I can't imagine what I would do. It'd be nice if there was more financial reward involved in the industry, but I mean, we were left high and dry by ScoMo and his government during COVID, you know, like, shocking. I mean, you know, like his attitude to the arts and music I think was appalling.  James Valentine: John, you know, you said that you did, it started in your ankles, perhaps 15 years ago. If you think back to sort of you know, in your 30s to your 50s, perhaps when you're doing Blue Heelers, no signs of anything, anything that you perhaps should have dealt with. John Wood: I was going to a chiropractor. I, you know, I went to chiropractors for years, and I have since had a partial discectomy, you know, where they just cut a little, slipped down your spine and cut off the excess disc and that was fine, and I'm very careful with the way I use my back now. I've stopped using it as a crane, and, so that was the first year of Blue Heelers, so that was 1994, and the worst thing about that was I was supposed to go to the UK with Lisa to do publicity and I went into hospital to have the operation. And I kept looking out the window thinking, not very far away from here the crew and the cast are having a wrap party, and I'm missing it.  James Valentine: Well, it's fabulous to get some time with you, and I know we're going to see you on stages and screen, you know, for many years to come.  I hope so.  Despite everything spreading to your elbows and everywhere else. Um, but, Rod, thanks so much for everything you've offered. Absolutely fantastic.  Rod Grof: My pleasure. It's been fun.  James Valentine: We'll see you again.  Rod Grof: Thank you very much.  James Valentine: John. Thanks so much for being on the program. Great to catch up with you. And as we say, be talking about it's in the great divide by David Williamson. It's on at the Ensemble Theatre in Sydney until the 27th of April. I'd like to say, you know, break a leg, but I don't think that's probably good advice at this point.  John Wood: Oh, it's a pleasure to be here. Thanks, James. It's lovely to see you. James Valentine: Thanks so much to Rod Grof as well from Platinum Physio in Melbourne. You've been listening to Season 5 of Life's Booming. Is This Normal? Brought to you by Australian Seniors.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Linked to metabolism and even menopause, weight gain for many over 50s seems inevitable, but is it really? We ask celebrity GP Dr Brad McKay for his take, and speak to author Jacqui Hodder about how she overcame an expanding waistline to embark on a trip of a lifetime.  About the episode - brought to you by Australian Seniors.  Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in between. Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. Jacqui Hodder is a Melbourne-based writer and teacher who embarked on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to track turtles in Costa Rica, documenting her journey in Turtling in Tortuguero. Overweight and prediabetic, she underwent a health and fitness overhaul to help her prepare, and keep up, on the month-long adventure.  Sydney-based GP Dr Brad McKay is an experienced TV and radio broadcaster, podcaster, columnist and author of Fake Medicine. He appears regularly on The Today Show, The Drum, ABC Radio, triple j, Triple M, has presented Catalyst on the ABC and hosts several medical podcasts for health professionals. He's also on the editorial board of The Medical Republic. If you have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life's Booming on Youtube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, with Ampel Sonic Experience Agency Transcript:  James Valentine: Hello and welcome to Life's Booming series five of this most excellent and award-winning podcast. I'm James Valentine and in this series, we're going to ask the question, Is This Normal? I mean as we age stuff happens to us, our bodies change, things fall off, we get crook, stuff doesn't work as well as it used to. There's nothing we can do about it, we're getting older, we're ageing. But which bits are normal? Which bits do we have no control over? Which bits can we do something about? That's the kind of questions that we're going to be asking in this series, Is This Normal? of Life's Booming. Now, of course, if you enjoy this series, leave us a review, tell all your families and friends about it. And we want to hear from you as well. You can contribute to this. If you've got questions about things in particular that you want to know, perhaps there's some particular wear and tear happening to you. Let us know. We'd love to see if we can answer that question in the series. We're gonna look at things like menopause, gut health, mental health, lots of other burning questions. So, think about those areas and if there's something in there that's specific to you that you'd like us to cover, let us know. And now, on to this episode of Life's Booming, Middle age spread.  Weight gain weighs you down. Both literally, it's gonna weigh you down, slow your body down, and also mentally. You don't feel as good, you're sluggish. You probably don't like the way you look. Whether it's sitting there around your gut, or it's sitting there on your bottom, or it's making your legs fat, or wherever it's gathering. The gaining of weight is something that we all have to face as we get older. And it's not, often not pretty. And not really what we're hoping for. So, how do you lose weight? What do you have to do? Do you have to go off to the 6am bootcamp? Do you have to just eat beans for the rest of your life? What are you going to have to do about it? We've got two good people to talk to about this today. A regular on Australian television programs such as Today and The Project. Kiwi born, now Sydney based GP Dr Brad McKay is going to answer some of these questions and bring his medical knowledge and experience to this. But we've also got someone who's going to tell their story, and it's a very powerful tale. A few years ago, Melbourne author and teacher, Jacqui Hodder, was planning to go on a life changing trip. She wanted to head to Costa Rica, and she wanted to volunteer to help the turtle population there, to survive and to deal with all the threats that are happening to all the wildlife around the world. This was going to take a month. She was going to go there for a month. But it was going to be a physically demanding trip. So, she realised she was going to have to get fit and deal with this. But she'd also just had some big health news as well. It's a great story and inspiring.  James Valentine: Hello, Jacqui.  Jacqui: Hi, James. How are you? James Valentine: Yeah, good, good. Now, what do you usually do? What kind of work do you do? Jacqui: I'm a high school teacher. I teach English and I teach vocational education. And I also look after the careers in the school.  James Valentine: Okay. Oh, you're the career counsellor. Jacqui: I'm the career counsellor. That's right.  James Valentine: Okay, so we come to you, and you tell us, look, you really should be a physiotherapist and then we turn out to be astrophysicists, is that it? Jacqui: Well, the theory is these days, five different careers, not jobs, but careers in your lifetime.  James Valentine: Well, that's kind of you. You've got whole other careers as well, right? Jacqui: Absolutely. Yes. Done many different things over the years, for sure.  James Valentine: And tell me, you write as well.  Jacqui: I do. Yes. I've always wanted to write. I've written a little book about this journey, but also written some short stories and things like that as well. So yes, quite a lovely passion of mine for sure.  James Valentine: And it was, it was part of a writing project that led you to have to deal with some health issues.  Jacqui: Um, the way it came about, if you're happy for me to go on with the story, I was teaching a year nine civics education class, and we had a guest speaker come in who'd been to Costa Rica, and she had worked with a jaguar project in the jungles of Costa Rica, and she was putting all these images up on the board of armadillos and toucans and turtles that she'd worked with. This was at the end of the first year in lockdown in Melbourne, and it was via zoom. And I think something just spoke to me. I think that want for adventure, that, that exciting allure of something different than my house and being somewhere else really grabbed me. It just spoke to me. I thought that's really what I want to do. But obviously because we're on this program, I was quite overweight. I had some health issues. So the first challenge was, would I be able to do it? I had to be able to, according to the program I wanted to go and volunteer with, I had to be able to walk four to five hours on soft sand every night in the tropical humidity, plus, work with the turtles as well at night. So it was quite a physical program I was setting myself up for. So, I just turned 60, this was the beginning of January 2022, and I wanted to go for long service leave in the September. And so I set myself a goal of trying to get fit, fit enough to be able to walk those distances for that length of time. I had to also be able to walk eight to 12 kilometres on the soft sand as well, that was what the guidelines were. So I started off, and I remember my first session was down near where I live, walking down to the beach, along the beach, and then back up this set of stairs and panting quite remarkably as I got to the top, not sure if I'd make it. And that was the beginning.  James Valentine: It sounds like a big aim to me. It's like you've gone from sort of zero to a hundred. You're sort of, you're not going, ‘might just walk around the block'. It's like, I need to be able to rescue wildlife in Costa Rica. It sounds big. Jacqui: Exactly. Right. I just, I don't know. I don't know if you have those moments in your life where things just speak to you. And I was just like, I want to do this. That's something that was very clear in my mind, but I knew I had to get to a certain level of fitness to be able to do it, and I was quite overweight. I was probably about, probably reaching almost 100 kilos and I'm quite a small person. I was five, I'm five foot two and a half. Not was, but I am. So it was quite a challenge. Yes. So, I started with the fitness. I just knew I had that goal of making that distance for that length of time on the soft sand. That was the kind of significant part.  James Valentine: And nothing else up until then, nothing else had prompted you to want to lose weight, right?  Jacqui: Not quite true. I mean, I've been overweight. I've struggled with weight my whole life and I have tried various diets and I've lost weight, but it's always crept back on and that's the significant part for me. How do I keep it off? So, I knew I could lose weight if I really put my mind to it. At that stage, the goal wasn't so much to lose weight. It was to get fit enough to do the program. But when it got closer, I started to worry about keeping up with the young people because I knew there'd be young people on this experience. I knew I was going to be someone who, you know, was the oldest probably. So, I wanted to be able to keep up with the young people at night.  James Valentine: Don't we all? Jacqui: So, I got to April. And I was on holiday, and I was standing up from taking a photo of this family on the beach and I felt something go twang and it was my intercostals. So, I went to the physio and the physio said, she just laid it out for me, which was actually great for me. I didn't know I'd be able to take it so well. She said, Jacqui, you're going to have to go to the gym three to four times a week and do weight training and resistance for the rest of your life.  James Valentine: Wow.  Jacqui: Okay. That's what I need to do, super clear. So, I started going to the gym as well as walking. I still really wasn't losing the weight. James Valentine: Let's go back to, also just go back to that sort of first walk, you know, we left you, you were sort of panting up the stairs back to your house, right? So, that was in that first walk, did you also go, oh, I've got a long way to go?   Jacqui: I've got a long way to go, but I knew if I could dedicate a regular routine to walking, I knew I'd be able to get, it was the distance I was worried about and the time.  I couldn't ever quite make three and a half hours totally on the soft sand and I had to be able to do four to five hours.  James Valentine: Wow. Jacqui: It's really hard walking on soft sand. In fact, when I came back, I swore I'd never walk on a beach ever again.  James Valentine: I don't like having to get back to my towel, quite frankly. So, you know, to do five hours just sounds impossible.  Jacqui: And as it turns out, it was probably overkill, but I can explain that. A little bit later.  James Valentine: Yeah, right.  Jacqui: But yes, I was gradually building up. So, I was going pretty much Mondays after school, I was going Wednesdays, Fridays and on the weekend I'd try and do a long walk, walk on the weekend as well. James Valentine: And you were maintaining that, so that discipline was staying with you, you can see the aim, you can see the turtles on the beach, you can see where you're going.  Jacqui: The motivation was so clear. And that's partly also the challenge because when I came back, I knew the trick would be how to maintain that weight because I wouldn't have that clear motivation anymore. So yes, going to the gym and walking, my routine was getting quite busy at this point because I was going three times.   James Valentine: How many months out from the trip did the intercostals go?   Jacqui: That was April, and I was going in September.  James Valentine: Yeah. So, during that period you then start to do what, do daily gym routine you were saying, daily gym weight routine and walking. Jacqui: I was going to the gym three to four times, so Monday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, and then walking as much as I could on those days, but also the in between days as well. But obviously I'm working full time. So, the long walks I could really only do on the weekend.   James Valentine: So, what was happening to your weight? Jacqui: The weight, actually, to be honest, wasn't really changing. I was feeling like I wasn't panting up the stairs anymore. So, I could tell I was getting fitter, but I wasn't actually losing weight. So, when it got to June, I thought, I actually need to take an extra step here, because again, I guess I would be a little bit embarrassed. If I was going to be going to Costa Rica and working with young people, and there I was a very overweight, older person. So in June, I went on a program that I've been on before I knew it worked, which is the CSIRO Wellbeing, Total Wellbeing Diet. And I actually picked up a new book, which is the low carb one, because actually that was the other thing I hadn't mentioned was I had been diagnosed as pre diabetes in April as well.  I've also been on high blood pressure medication and high cholesterol medication for a long time as well.  James Valentine: Right. You've got it all going on at this point. So, you've got to deal with pre diabetes, you've got the intercostals have gone, you've got to get to the gym, you're trying to lose the weight. Jacqui: Yeah.  James Valentine: This is a lot to encompass, isn't it? Prediabetes, what does that suggest is going on?  Jacqui: High blood sugar, so basically, it's a precursor to type 2 diabetes, which is a very serious health issue, as you know.  James Valentine: But at that point it can be dealt with, with diet, right?  Jacqui: It can be, yes. And the doctor was very good. He explained everything to me of what I could do to change my lifestyle, which I was happy to say I've tried, I've already started doing. I've already started the walking, not to lose the weight. I don't think I've ever found, like in terms of the psychological part of losing weight, the kind of fear of health issues has never, unfortunately, been a motivation for me. I'm not sure why, but the motivation to work with turtles was working.  James Valentine: Isn't it funny what it'll take to get us to do some stuff? So by April, May, June, you're at the gym. You're dealing with the diet, you're trying to lose the weight. You're walking, you're slogging yourself through the sand. It's a, it's a brutal routine you've really got onto. What the CSIRO diet, just tell us a little bit more about that. I mean, part of my general understanding is in some ways it's quite straightforward. It's a sort of, you know, meat and salad and you'll be good.  Jacqui: Well, the low carb one actually does, they're not so meat focused because originally that was kind of what we knew about the diet was how much meat or protein was involved.  But the low carb one substitutes a lot of nuts and fish and not much bread or pasta or obviously the carbs. And what I love about the Total Wellbeing Diet, I think, is they have a 12-week program and it really clearly outlines what you need to eat at breakfast and the quantities, lunch, dinner, and it has recipes in there, and it's 12 weeks. And 12 weeks feels manageable. It's a chunked-up amount of time. So, I knew if I could go on the 12-week diet, well, I hoped I'd be able to lose the weight because I had before being on that diet and I succeeded. I lost probably about half of what I've totally lost by the time I was in Costa Rica, so it did work. James Valentine: Okay. Okay. Well, we might leave a cliff-hanger there and we'll, you know, be able to build towards what happened in Costa Rica. Did the turtles attack? We'll get to that part of the story. But I might bring in our very helpful doctor here, Dr. Brad McKay is with us. Hello.  Brad: Hello. Hopefully I can be helpful.  James Valentine: Yes. Excellent. Well, what kind of things are you hearing in that story? I mean, one of the things that struck me is, the exercise wasn't working. We all think we'll be able to burn that fat off. Not necessarily.  Brad: Yeah, it's, it's a very common presentation. So, very commonly, people like Jacqui will be wanting to lose the weight, they'll increase their exercise, they'll change their diet, and the evidence sort of shows that you might be able to lose about two percent of your body weight doing that. If you're really giving it a red-hot go, you might be able to get to five percent of your body weight being lowered, but it's really, really hard to push past that. And if you stop doing what you're doing, so if you stop starving yourself, then you tend to go back to that pre-existing weight. Your body loves to sabotage you and it loves to get back to your highest weight that you've ever been.  James Valentine: Right. So why, I mean, we see all those lean swimmers and football players and they run around all the time and they, you know, they eat a good diet to try and be great athletes. Why are they so skinny and I'm so fat? Brad: Well, they may be younger than you, so that's one thing. But also often those athletes haven't been overweight before. They haven't gone into an obese category, so they've maintained their weight.  Their body isn't trying to sabotage them. It's not trying to get to that heavier weight because they haven't been at that weight before.  James Valentine: Right. And so this has a lot to do with ageing, does it? When we get to a certain age, the weight is going to stay there? Brad: Yeah, so as time goes on, then we generally sort of like waver, we go up and down with our weight, and so every time you're in that flux of change, your body's trying to get to that highest level. So, just with a graph, if you're looking along this wavering line, it just slowly tends up all the time, because that's what your body is trying to do, it's trying to store energy. Evolutionarily, we have designed, our body has sort of evolved to be like that.  James Valentine: So, we're always, so as we age, we always, our body wants to put on more weight. Brad: So, our body wants to store energy to keep us alive for longer in case we can't kill that Saber-toothed tiger next week. We've got to have that energy on board.  But when we have lots of food around, when we have fast food, when fast food is cheap, when we're not exercising as much, if we're not racing around, and competing in Olympic sports, then yeah, we tend to put on that weight. And so that's a very common story.  James Valentine: And so, does that just keep on going? At 50 it'll be X and at 60 it's X and a half? Is it that sort of thing?  Brad: So it's not guaranteed. So, a lot of people do increase their weight and they're able to maintain, increase their exercise and they're able to maintain their weight at that level. Some people get really sick, and they lose lots of weight as well. There's also metabolic factors. There are hormone factors involved too. So, there's lots of variation. It's not inevitable.  James Valentine: So, when Jackie was just exercising, that wasn't doing it. What's the difference when you add diet? Brad: Well, if you're exercising to improve your health, you need to be exercising for about 150 minutes per week. And that's getting to a really high level where you're feeling puffed, where you may be able to have a brief conversation with somebody, but you're not able to sing. That's a great description in medicine for that. James Valentine: But I can't sing anyways.  Brad: You're screwed, yeah. So, the other part of it is if you're wanting to then lose further weight, then you need to be doing about 300 minutes every week at that level.  James Valentine: Right.  Brad: So, if you're wanting to then gain that further, then you've got to be really strict with your diet as well, and certainly a lot of the evidence does just look at the energy in versus energy out. So yeah, if you're not exercising and not using up that energy, then your body is going to store it somewhere.  James Valentine: Right. And so by diet, do we just mean eat less?  Brad: That's also the type of food that you're eating as well. So, if you're eating lots of saturated fats, lots of fat, meaty products, if you're eating lots of white bread and carbohydrates, then yeah, like you're going to be, yeah, maintaining that and your body is going to love that and want to hold on to it. James Valentine: Oh, so different foods are held onto more resolutely by the body.  Brad: There's a lot more energy that's in certain foods compared to others. So, for example, if you're eating lots of vegetables, then you can feel full, if your stomach is full of beans, for example. But you've also got lots of fiber. It takes a long time for your body to digest that fiber. So, you'll have a little bit more energy for longer, rather than just bread that dissolves in your hands. before you're even able to put it in your mouth. So, your whole gut is sort of activated and it takes energy as well to break down that food too. So, the more rough your food is, the more whole greens you have, the more nuts you have, then yeah, it takes longer for your body to break it down. And also, it's not packed full of sugar, which is easily getting into your bloodstream and spreading around.  James Valentine: Now Jacqui, were you, did you know this sort of stuff when you went onto the CSIRO diet? Did you learn it as you went through?  Jacqui: Yeah, the thing about always struggling with my weight is I tried many, many different diets. Kind of know the facts and figures. I'm not sure I knew exactly why there were so many nuts in this particular diet, but it makes sense hearing what Brad's talking about for sure.  James Valentine: What are the things that struck you about the CSIRO diet? What was different?  Jacqui: I like the structure and I really like how each week is, like, it's a 12-week program and each day is pretty much designed for you in terms of quantities, in terms of what you need to eat, in terms of recipes.  So, I find that in a busy life, very straightforward to follow. The trick is what you do afterwards. Once it finishes.  James Valentine: What do you mean by that? Oh, once it finishes. Yeah. So, you mean after the 12 weeks, it doesn't say week 13 Mars Bar?  Jacqui: Well, I actually, I've got some little tips that have helped me, but one of them I think is for me having a day off every week. I hope that's not too naughty, but you know, just because I mean, it's very hard to stick to the same thing day in, day out. So, I give myself like a little treat one day a week where I just think I am going to have some hot chips for lunch, or I'm going to have pizza for dinner or something like that. And then I go back onto it again the next day.  James Valentine: Yeah. What do you think, Brad? Brad: Yeah. So, Jacqui's exactly right. So, what you're wanting isn't just a 12-week program. You're wanting to be able to follow that eating habit for the longer term. And so often you do need a day off because if you don't, you will just fall over at the end of that 12 weeks. You'll go back to your previous eating habits. So yeah, I think it's crafty and it's helpful to do what Jacqui's been talking about. So having those days off and being okay with you, giving yourself a break, giving yourself a bit of leniency. Because you're needing that, to do that in the longer term.  James Valentine: Why don't most diets work? I mean diets usually fail, don't they?   Brad: A lot of diets fail. A lot of people are going along this whole dietary cycle where they are trying everything under the sun. And not one diet works for everyone. Everyone has different metabolisms. So, what may work for Jacqui may not work for you. So yeah, you will have lots of Instagram influences and people online telling you that their green smoothie is going to be helpful for you losing weight.  James Valentine: But it's also, diets will often be around a fad, which will be, you know, one particular food, or one particular activity, or one particular way of thinking. Now again, that's hard to maintain, isn't it?  Brad: Yeah, if you're on a grapefruit diet, then you're probably not going to be doing that forever. James Valentine: Yeah, yeah. What's different about the CSIRO one?  Brad: So, it's a bit more about healthy eating, and having healthy habits, and being able to continue it in the longer term. Also, the variety is really important because you're needing to not get bored by that grapefruit that you're having every day. You're needing that variety, that spice of life.  James Valentine: Yeah. The other thing I was struck by Jacqui, and let's, I asked you this sort of a little earlier, but you know, let's talk about it a little bit more. The motivation was, is so curious in a way, it is quite an extreme thing that it's like you suddenly went, I wouldn't mind white water rafting, you know, kayaking or something. It's like you took quite a big step. It took a motivation that was a big step out of your normal life. Why had motivation failed before? What, what, why doesn't the motivation of just, I want to lose weight, I know that's important. Why isn't that enough?  Jacqui: It's interesting, isn't it? I mean, if I knew the answer, maybe I wouldn't have waited till I was 60 to finally lose some weight. And also, I do feel it's a very fragile truce I have at the moment. I feel like I have to trick myself. I have to check. So little tricks I have is to check what's for breakfast the next day in the program, the night, the day before, just so that I can, every day I'm making that decision. Today I'm going to follow it. If I don't, I can fall back into old habits, but Brad, I had the doctor say to me it can take two years for the body to stop wanting to sabotage yourself. And so that really helped me as well because I thought, okay, if I can get up to two years, I've still got to remain vigilant. I had a mantra, be vigilant because losing that weight was my last chance. I felt if I put the weight back on this time, I'd never take it back off again.  James Valentine: That's interesting, isn't it? Like that I wouldn't have really known that because I think most of us think I'll lose 10kg and then I'll be fine.  Brad: Yeah. I suppose the thing is there's no magic number as well. So, I'm not sure whether that doctor's coming up with two years for it is often like a longer term sort of like hunger and a drive for food. It's a very primitive reaction. There is some sort of changes. So, if you have been eating a lot and then you have been eating less, then your stomach will shrink a little bit over time. And so, if you're having food, your stomach will stretch earlier and so you'll feel fuller quicker. So that may be what they were talking about. But yeah, your body wants to sabotage you forever. Sorry, Jacqui. It wants to sabotage all of us.  James Valentine: But does your appetite sort of change? I mean, like I want pizza. I want chips. I want pies. I want cake. If you change it, does it just take a few years for you to start to, I want salad. I want tomatoes.  Brad: So, a lot of my patients will find that, yeah, if they're, if they're on a diet, if they change their diet, they will often continue to have this voice, this hunger, telling them to go to the fridge and telling them about the foods that their body is craving for. So and I think that that voice diminishes a little bit over time, but it's still going to be there.  James Valentine: Jacqui's superpower is she changed her whole appetite?  Jacqui: Well, gosh, like I said, it's quite, I know it's fragile. I know I can, I just went into the fridge the other night and had a little binge. Just the stress, you know, but I have to think, no, go back on it the next day, back on it the next day. James Valentine: Yeah, it's a beautiful description. You've used a fragile truce, isn't it? And I'm sure a lot of people with addiction would feel a similar sort of thing. And there'd be lots of aspects of our life where we have a fragile truce.  Jacqui: Yeah, I do feel like it's been a little bit of an addiction over the years, the eating, you know, it has been that thing I've used, I think, to comfort myself, not very healthily. So, yeah, I'm definitely, I've got that vigilant, be vigilant in my head for sure. That's what I do.  James Valentine: Yeah. And let's go back, Brad, to the motivation, the fact that this, you know, Jacqui conceived of this Everest, climbing Everest-type desire. That's powerful, isn't it?  Brad: Yeah. So, I suppose one thing that I'd be wanting to mention is that people can be motivated, they can be driven, and they have every aspiration of reaching their goals. And then often, they aren't able to do that. Their metabolism works against them, their hormones work against them, their body. works against them. And they will often feel like a failure. And I think this is just this horrible sort of occurrence that just permeates throughout the world. We often have a stigma towards obesity and people being overweight. And we often blame people for just putting things in their mouth. But it's not people's fault that they're gaining weight. And it's not their fault if they can't lose weight. There are just so many other factors involved with it. And we try to simplify this as people and our understanding of it. We try to put it in a box. And so, yeah, it's just a reminder that if Jacqui has got the motivation and drive and has some tools in her belt that she can use to get to that level, and she's happy with her weight and where things are at, that is amazing. That is fantastic. But yeah, some people aren't that lucky. They aren't that fortunate and there are, and it's not their fault if they can't reach it. James Valentine: Yeah. Did you feel those kinds of things that Brad was describing there, Jacqui? And, and I'm wondering, do you necessarily feel a victory or an elation now?  Jacqui: No, I mean, certainly sometimes when I put some clothes on and I am pleased, you know, that I'm thinner than I was, but one of the things I think, absolutely what Brad said.  My message would never be to shame someone. I never wanted like a before and after photo, for instance, because I've seen them all. I've seen those photos on TV or the magazines.  Brad: They just changed the lighting, Jacqui.  Jacqui: Because I've, you know, inverted commas here, but I feel like I've failed so many times because and that's, I guess, part of the fragile truce. Now, you know, I feel like I could, I don't know how to word it properly, but I suppose go backwards and, I never want anyone to feel that, you know, I've got it sorted because I'd be the last person to say that. If I had it sorted, I would have 40 years ago.  James Valentine: Yeah. Well, I almost wonder where there's a sort of like an almost reverse thing if you, if you're feeling great now and everyone's complimenting you now, it almost sort of, it doubles, the shame of the past.  Jacqui: Or the pressure to, to keep it off.  James Valentine: Or the pressure of it. Or sort of like, oh, so that's, it is, everybody is just sort of incredibly admiring of skinny. There is only skinny, you know, that sort of, that sort of thing is wrong too, isn't it?  Brad: It's a great way to force an eating disorder. James Valentine: Yeah. A great way to force an eating disorder. Let's consider age as a factor in here, Jacqui's done this at 60, which is pretty impressive, you know, I've barely got the motivation to do anything anymore, really. So the, is it, is it harder, is it physically harder to be losing weight, and I suppose a big factor of that will be a psychological thing. Mate, why am I bothering? This is me now. You know, come on, you know, let me enjoy myself. Really? What have I got to gain? You know.  Brad: I think it's, it's also mobility. And so over time we accumulate problems, we develop injuries. And so, it gets harder and harder to move. Our heart doesn't work as well as what it did when we were a teenager. So, we can't quite get to that level of exercise, yeah, that endurance, that ability to go all of the yards that we're needing to, to exercise enough to bring down our weight.  James Valentine: But we can do diet.  Brad: We can do diet. But again, it can be very, very restrictive.  James Valentine: Yeah. Do we talk about it incorrectly, really? We should be talking about how hard it is, not, we've got this easy one fix. Try this diet. Come to my bootcamp. We'll be able to, able to fix everything.  Brad: I think in medicine we are trying to change that narrative for decades. So, trying to talk about like healthy eating habits and, yeah.  Trying to teach teenagers, uh, which foods to eat so they won't end up overweight or obese over their, over their life. So, I think our way of changing with television, with the media, and trying not to stigmatise people for their weight as well. This is sort of like a weird conversation that's going on right at the moment.  Not fat shaming people, and people are talking about like being fat fit where they may be overweight, but they're actually like healthier than what I am at the moment.They can run a marathon. I couldn't do that at the moment.  James Valentine: Yeah. It's worth underlying that, isn't it? Because that's a reasonably recent change. We've gone from a sort of sense that we've got to point out to these fat people that they need to lose that weight because it's no good for them. You know, your heart's struggling, you'll get diabetes. We've changed, we've changed, that attitude's changed considerably. Brad: I think it's a real interesting time at the moment. We've gone from fat shaming to now being like fat fit and body positive. And now with the introductions of a range of different medications that are all coming around the world, which are enabling people to lose more than that five percent that they could do under their own steam, getting down to 10, 15%. Some of the medications that are coming around the corner could get even up to 25% loss of your body mass. This is sort of like disconnecting people's relationship with food. It's allowing them to change their body type. And I'm really sort of intrigued to see what happens with the social discourse and social understanding of that as we've gone from body acceptance, and this is how it is, to oh well, they're a skinny bitch because they've been using this drug. James Valentine: Yeah. Are you supportive of the Ozempic Revolution? I guess it's one of the brands that people might be more aware of than others.  Does that seem like a good thing to you?  Brad: Overwhelmingly, it's positive. So having one injection a week is suitable for a lot of people. But it's not just about the weight loss. Like, some people look better and that's what they're going for, fine. But if you're losing like 10 percent of your body mass, then it's going to decrease your risk of high blood pressure, decrease your risk of diabetes, decrease your risk of heart attacks, other heart disease. Decrease strokes, also decreases your risk of getting a whole bunch of cancers that are related to obesity and being overweight too. So, it's overwhelmingly, this is, yeah, a good, a good thing around the world.  James Valentine: Yeah. Jacqui, if that sort of thing had been available through the years or now, do you subscribe to that? Would you be happy with that?  Jacqui: Very tricky. I'm not, I'm not actually sure. I mean, I was so reluctant to go on medication of any kind. I always wanted to try, if I was going to lose weight to try and do it, I suppose, inverted commas again, naturally. Because I, but I mean, Brad's absolutely right. I mean, I don't know everyone's metabolism, like everyone struggles in their own way with these things.  But certainly in terms of what Brad was saying, I think for me, I was so pleased to come back from Costa Rica and the doctor ran the blood tests again and I was not prediabetic anymore. So certainly, in terms of losing weight, it certainly helped my health prognosis, I would say. My heart blood pressure, high blood pressure medication went down by half as well. I'm still on those tablets just because we have a history of family heart disease, heart disease in the family. But, in terms of losing weight, it did actually have some health benefits, absolutely.  James Valentine: Well, when we left Jacqui, she was about to embark on a flight to Costa Rica to save the turtle population of the beach there. Jacqui, pick us up with the adventure. What happened? What happened when you got there? Could you do the walk?  Jacqui: So, yes, for all their kind of, you know, you need to be able to walk four to five hours every night, 10 to 12 kilometres on soft sand on the black beaches of Costa Rica on the Caribbean coast.  Yeah, we didn't actually go out every single night, so I could get some rest time in between. And most of the nights, we would walk for a while, for sure, there was a lot of walking, but then we'd stop and work a turtle, which means we'd get in the pit with the turtle, we'd measure it, we'd body check it, we'd go under the turtles to catch the eggs and count them.  So, the physicality was the walking, but also getting in the nest with this very big base, trying not to get sand flipped everywhere by their very strong flippers. James Valentine: So, you were the Steve Irwin of turtles at this point. You're Crikey! Look at this, look at this fella. Describe the turtles. What species are they and what do they look like? Jacqui: So, this is the second largest in the world, Australia has the largest, but, largest in the Western Hemisphere of endangered green sea turtles. This is their nesting beach, so peak season they were coming up onto the beach and laying their eggs. They're quite fascinating creatures.  James Valentine: And how many, like in the thousands? Jacqui: Oh yes, could be in a whole season, even tens of thousands, yes. But obviously they have their perils, I mean they are endangered, and human predation has a lot to do with that.  James Valentine: And so, is that what the task was, was mainly to protect them from things like that or?  Jacqui: So, it's collecting data for Sea Turtle Conservancy in Costa Rica. That was the organization I went with.  James Valentine: And did you turn out to be, was it a bunch of sort of slim young gap-year type people who were running around doing this and you?  Jacqui: Yes, yeah. But there was one lady who, accidentally, I didn't know, and it was just random that she was there at the same time who was about my age. So, I was very fortunate how that worked out, but the young people were wonderful. They took me under their wing, and they made me feel like I was their mama for sure. They were lovely.  James Valentine: And as like you were so motivated to go and do this, this obviously turned into sort of like, this is a journey that I really want to make. This is my dream sort of adventure to go and do this.  Jacqui: It was life changing in so many ways. I think just, I mean, the young people were so inspiring, their love of conservation, their love of nature, the willingness to kind of be involved in something like that for months at a time. But obviously in terms of my weight and my fitness and my breadth of understanding about the world, I never, didn't even really know where Costa Rica was before I went. James Valentine: What's next? Because having conquered that, it sort of feels like, well, what can I take on now?  Jacqui: Well, yes, that's right. We did spend a little bit of time in Spain and discovered hill walking, which is very good for the fitness as well. And then, hopefully maybe India at the end of this year, but we'll see how we go. James Valentine: Fantastic. Brad, I'm inspired. You know, like I sort of feel a little bit ashamed. I sort of think, oh, I wouldn't mind a house down the South coast for a while. That could be good.  Brad: Are you training for cheetah conservation?  James Valentine: Yeah, cheetah conservation. You need to chase down a cheetah and just inject it for a moment. James Valentine: Just measure its fore paw and then, you know.  Brad: Work it up. Count its eggs.  James Valentine: Yeah. Have you got anything like that? Or do you have a sort of dream journey or something like that that you'd love to do? Brad: I'm a bit of a veteran at Burning Man, so I often, yeah, like, pack up my stuff and then go into the middle of the desert and try to make sure that I'm fit enough to survive in Nevada with very little resources. James Valentine: Were you there for the big muddy one this year?  Brad: I was trapped in the mud.  James Valentine: Really?  Brad: For quite a few days, yes. James Valentine: Oh, that's a very good annual adventure. And I think your weight might be a little crucial there too.  Brad: You lose a few kilograms, yeah. When you're struggling through, through muddy sand. James Valentine: Well look, fantastic. Great conversation. Thank you so much for, you know, Jacqui, thank you so much for sharing so much there. That's a very personal story that you've revealed for us. And thank you so much.  Jacqui: Thank you very much indeed, for the honour.  James Valentine: Brad, thanks for your expertise. Brad: Thanks for having me. James Valentine: For more about Jacqui Hodder and her weight loss journey, you can read her book. It's called Turtling in Tortuguero. And Dr Brad McKay's got a book out as well, it's called Fake Medicine. You'll see the links in the show notes, you'll find them in bookstores and libraries right now. I think you'll agree, great story from Jackie and terrific information from Brad.  You've been listening to Life's Booming, Is This Normal? Please leave a review or tell somebody all about the show. If you want to know more, head to seniors. com.au/podcast. You'll get our earlier series there and more episodes. I'm James Valentine. I'll see you next time for another Life's Booming.    Tortuguero! Turtling in Tortuguerro! I love just dropping into accent for one word, it's always very powerful. Okay.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join James Valentine as he explores the incredible stories of Aussie characters, from the adventurous to the love-struck. Across 30 inspirational episodes, Life's Booming explores life, health, love, travel, and everything in between. Our bodies surprise us in ways we never thought possible as we age, so in series five of the Life's Booming podcast – Is This Normal? – we're settling in for honest chats with famous guests and noted experts about the ways our bodies behave as they age, discussing the issues and awkward questions you may be too embarrassed to ask yourself. If you' have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - lifesbooming@seniors.com.au Watch Life's Booming on Youtube Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast. About Australian Seniors Produced by Medium Rare Content Agency, in conjunction with Ampel Sonic Experience AgencySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

After receiving a life-changing cancer diagnosis, award-winning surf writer, husband and father-of-two Tim Baker turned his attention to making peace with his mortality and living in the 'now'. If you' have any thoughts or questions and want to share your story to Life's Booming, send us a voice note - click here Watch Life's Booming on Youtube  Listen to Life's Booming on Apple Podcasts  Listen to Life's Booming on Spotify:  Listen to Life's Booming on Google Podcasts  For more information visit seniors.com.au/podcast. Produced by Medium Rare Content AgencySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

How does anyone get drawn into a cult and how, when the extreme beliefs that have ruled their lives prove baseless, do they recover? Tune in as David Ayliffe shares the lessons from his own experience.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When Rosemary Kariuki fled her home in Kenya, she arrived in Australia without support and struggled to understand her new culture. But the charismatic Local Hero soon found a way to connect with her community.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When Todd Russell and Brant Webb were rescued after two weeks trapped in a Beaconsfield mine in 2006, it was seen as one of Australia's greatest survival stories. But for Todd, that was only the start of his battle for survival.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the face of her worst nightmare, Bridget Sakr continues to draw on her faith to turn aside anger and instead focus on love and forgiveness to help deal with the trauma.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

More than eight years ago Rosie Batty suffered an unimaginable loss, following the horrific murder of her son Luke at the hands of his father. In the midst of her grief Rosie was catapulted into the spotlight, as she channeled her tragedy into a power for reform around family violence.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This six-episode series tells the incredible stories of over 50s who have survived some of the most extreme challenges life has thrown at them. Listen in and discover their tales of outstanding fortitude.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Christine Henry thought she was ready to get married, settle down and have kids. But as she was on the way to shop for an engagement ring, something made her turn to her husband-to-be and ask him to stop and pull over. There was something else she needed to do. **This episode was recorded in December 2021**See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Everyone has a story - but if you passed them on the street you’d never guess how incredibly moving it might be. Dr Andrew Kwong, a GP on the Central Coast of New South Wales, spent his early life surviving the famine and persecution of Chairman Mao’s Great Leap Forward. It was a long road to escape, but he eventually made it to Australia. This is his story. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Remember when you got all your information about the world from the Encyclopedia Britannica? For Graciela Szwarcberg and Hector Poch, a couple of paragraphs in that encyclopedia was all the information they had about Australia, before they moved to Sydney from Argentina in 1991 with their two young children. But that’s not where the adventures stopped. Once their children grew up, they headed off to Europe and bought a motor home. They’ve travelled through more than 30 countries together and are still on the move eight years later.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lloyd Godman began adult life as an apprentice electrician, but a one-way ticket to Hawaii with only a backpack and a surfboard to spend nine months living in a treehouse would change his trajectory forever. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When you left school, did you know what you wanted to be when you grew up? A spur of the minute decision for Jenny Muldoon started her on a journey that would lead to some pretty extraordinary life experiences, including dinner with John Travolta. So what was it that she decided to do?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Gill Shaddick was in her early 20s and living in Hong Kong, spending her spare time becoming an avid amateur sailor. One weekend on her way to compete in a sailing regatta, the yacht was hit by a storm - she and her teammates were captured by Chinese communists, becoming the subjects of a huge sea and air rescue operation.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

No Regrets is the latest season in the Life's Booming podcast hosted by James Valentine. It’s all about the incredible stories of Aussies who made a decision that changed their life forever. You’ll hear what it’s like to have dinner with John Travolta, escape Chairman Mao, what it takes to join the sisterhood, live in a treehouse, travel through more than 30 countries in a motorhome, as well as the terror - and unexpected hilarity - of being held hostage after your boat is lost in a storm and ends up in foreign waters. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Blossom the possum, a non-dating website, and a whole lot of luck was responsible for bringing John and Noreen, both 64, together. But something is threatening to tear them apart.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

John was married with four children when he suspected he might be gay, but it wasn’t until he was in his 50s that he finally came out and told his wife and family. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of Dare to Date you’ll hear five diverse stories and a good dose of excellent advice! From the funny to the downright emotional, The Dating Diaries has all bases covered. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Online dating is not just for the young. Barry and Liz met on the phone dating app Tinder in their early 60s, and after saying they will never marry again – decide to tie the knot.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Former teenage girlfriend and boyfriend Melissa and Paul, who started dating at school in Papua New Guinea, connect on social media and reignite their romance – 42 years after last seeing each other.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A story of love, deception, and heartbreak as Michelle meets the man of her dreams – an airline pilot. But not all is as it seems, and alarm bells soon start ringing.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dare to Date is the latest season in the Life's Booming podcast hosted by James Valentine. It’s jam-packed full of real-life stories of sweethearts reuniting, online dating trials and triumphs, plus the fraudster who should be avoided at all costs! Stay tuned.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Rockabilly dancers, rock’n’roll circuitgoers and avid Elvis fans Lyn and Peter Davis talk to James Valentine about life on the road with Wagz their dog in a refurbished 1986 bus that follows the music. From the friendships they’ve made to the range of towns across Australia they’ve visited. Don’t miss Lyn’s extensive Elvis memorabilia, which includes cushions, a thermometer, a jukebox, hand towels and salt and pepper shakers, plus James singing a few tunes of his own. This heartwarming episode will make you want to dance.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bob and Phyllis Bowers are adventure junkies. They’ve been married for 53 years and it’s their shared love of exploring that keeps them together, from kayaking to camping, hiking and abseiling. They’ve had near-death experiences down the Nymboida River, completed seven-day hikes in the Kimberley and seen the incredible Gwion Gwion Aboriginal rock art (formerly known as Bradshaw art). Their love of small towns across Australia and the wonderful people they’ve met along the way continues to inspire them and their trips. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

For the past three decades, Wendy French has joined her husband Graham on "holidays" around Australia, where they romantically park up beside disused railway lines and wait – sometimes for days - to see elusive trains. You read correctly... trains. This heartwarming episode is full of laughs and surprises, and a reminder that the things we do for love don't always make sense. All aboard for train-inspired tales across the country. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this exciting episode, you’ll get to know Judy and Erle Williamson. They call themselves The Travelling Willies after they decided to sell up their home in Gunnedah and live and travel Australia in their makeshift ‘mobile granny flat’. Hear about their experiences volunteering in remote places, as well as their hot tips on how to financially set up and plan your life on the road with minimal fuss. Share Judy and Earle’s geographical and emotional journey as they take us from Kangaroo Island to Lightning Ridge and everywhere imaginable in between.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of Life’s Booming, you’ll meet the extraordinary Gaylene Seeney. Gaylene is a thalidomide survivor, but her condition hasn’t stopped her from heading off on solo adventures. With her furry companion Albert the dog—and her trusty pliers by her side—she tells us about the joys and challenges of living off the grid (and just how long you can survive on canned food!) If you’ve wondered what it’s like to travel solo in the outback - inspiration awaits. Listen to her story here, and hear about the fabulous experiences she’s had since hitting the wide, open road with her ute and van.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A few years ago Tony fought off throat cancer and had terrible survivor’s guilt, so he and Lisa hitched up their caravan and took off - using the time and space to mend physically and mentally. What was initially meant to be a six-month holiday, eventually turned into more than two-and-a-half years, and after Lisa (an ex-ballet dancer) had surgery on her ankles earlier this year, they’ve headed bush again! Get ready to hear about the Southwell’s adventures around Australia, where they share everything from cooking bush tucker, to meeting the man that developed the Tasmanian Overland track. If you need inspiration to get on the road - you’ll find it right here! Listen in as Lisa and Tony take you on their “coddiwompling” journey through outback Queensland - travelling in a purposeful manner towards a vague destination.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hear all about the new series celebrating grey nomads brought to you by Australian Seniors and hosted by James Valentine.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.