Podcasts about Canik

In this episode, we sit down with Adam Ruonala from Century Arms and Canik to explore the innovation and vision behind two of the most recognized names in the shooting sports industry. Adam shares exclusive insights into the latest product releases, the development process behind each new launch, and the unique stories that shape both brands. Whether you're a competitive shooter, enthusiast, or someone who appreciates precision-engineered gear, this conversation covers what sets these companies apart and what fans can expect moving forward.We dive into the heritage of Century Arms, the global appeal of Canik, and how both brands continue to evolve in today's market. Adam also gives us a glimpse into future releases and how they stay ahead of industry trends.This episode is perfect for those interested in performance-driven sporting equipment, innovation in outdoor gear, and brand development in the tactical and recreational space. Be sure to like, comment, and subscribe for more behind-the-scenes industry conversations.

Here are my extended thoughts on the Canik MC9 Prime, a big time contender for Gun of the Year 2025. Lets talk about the good, the bad and the ... well its mostly good and I already talked about the few things I dont love in my previous video. Lets talk Interested in tracking your data like I did in this video? grab a mantis ( the x10 has a recoil tracker) @Also - if you are interested in the giveaway for the HS 507Comp or the SG Go Timer - join discord here @kGVNot a fan of discord? - Read the full giveaway rules here for alt entries https://forms.gle/VtkACSAsiaX3uoLN6

  My name is Nils Jonasson and I am a competition shooter. I compete in USPSA, IPSC, IDPA, 3-Gun and Steel Challenge style matches. My goal is to achieve perfection in my own shooting and to help those with the desire to improve. I have won local matches, state events,  US Nationals and World Championships. I am blessed with some great sponsors that help me achieve my shooting and personal goals.  Please check them out in the sponsors section.

Welcome to the Ava Flanell Show, Episode 379. Today I'm going to chat with Adam Ruonala from Canik, talk about last ditch gun control efforts in the omnibus spending bill, and the biggest Glock innovation in years from Ruger and Magpul. I'm your host, Ava Flanell. 

180: We are BACK! First off thank you all for your patience, compassion, prayers and understanding for our absence. On this episode, Ruger releases even more “Anniversary” Editions, Our 590 gets sexy with Woox and Kimber goes 2K11! If you guys want to save some on your own set of sexy Italian wood furniture from […] The post Pew Time 180 – Kimber 2K11, Canik GOA, Woox Furniture and sammiches appeared first on Firearms Radio Network.

180: We are BACK!First off thank you all for your patience, compassion, prayers and understanding for our absence. On this episode, Ruger releases even more “Anniversary” Editions, Our 590 gets sexy with Woox and Kimber goes 2K11!If you guys want to save some on your own set of sexy Italian wood furniture from Woox for your shotgun or AR be sure to usecode: laughnload10For that Blackout Coffee link to support the show click https://www.blackoutcoffee.com?p=SJxs6gMea Be sure to use code LNL20 if it is your first order and get 20% off!Thanks for all of your guy's support! We love ya!Please help us out by rating and reviewing the podcast! Thank you!Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.comIf you want to book Tony for a class email him at performancegun@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear?Head over to https://www.laughnload.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG, FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syruYT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

In this episode, Matt Larosiere and Ivan T. Troll explore recent developments in the firearms world, starting with discussions on new Fudd Blasters and Canik videos. They examine the SIG Sauer P320 issues, including a significant $11 million lawsuit and body cam evidence of malfunction. The episode covers incidents involving the Splendora police department and […] The post This Week in Guns 452 – SIG Sauer Issues, SBR Arrests, and the Magpul-Zev Partnership appeared first on Firearms Radio Network.

In this episode, Matt Larosiere and Ivan T. Troll explore recent developments in the firearms world, starting with discussions on new Fudd Blasters and Canik videos. They examine the SIG Sauer P320 issues, including a significant $11 million lawsuit and body cam evidence of malfunction. The episode covers incidents involving the Splendora police department and […] The post This Week in Guns 452 – SIG Sauer Issues, SBR Arrests, and the Magpul-Zev Partnership appeared first on Firearms Radio Network.

In this episode, Matt Larosiere and Ivan T. Troll explore recent developments in the firearms world, starting with discussions on new Fudd Blasters and Canik videos. They examine the SIG Sauer P320 issues, including a significant $11 million lawsuit and body cam evidence of malfunction. The episode covers incidents involving the Splendora police department and […] The post This Week in Guns 452 – SIG Sauer Issues, SBR Arrests, and the Magpul-Zev Partnership appeared first on Firearms Radio Network.

Episode 178: On this episode, Gun News, gun news and MORE gun news! New Ruger rifles, Springfield redoes the XD Series, HK goes micro, Canik expands their micro offerings, Beretta releases “race” pistols and more! Also Area 4 and Open/PCC Nationals Results! What is the first thing you should buy when you get serious about […] The post Pew Time 178 – New stuff from Ruger, Beretta, HiPoint, and more! A4 $ Open/PCC results appeared first on Firearms Radio Network.

Episode 178: On this episode, Gun News, gun news and MORE gun news!New Ruger rifles, Springfield redoes the XD Series, HK goes micro, Canik expands their micro offerings, Beretta releases “race” pistols and more!Also Area 4 and Open/PCC Nationals Results!What is the first thing you should buy when you get serious about shooting?For that Blackout Coffee link to support the show click https://www.blackoutcoffee.com?p=SJxs6gMea Be sure to use code LNL20 if it is your first order and get 20% off!Thanks for all of your guy's support! We love ya!Please help us out by rating and reviewing the podcast! Thank you!Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.comIf you want to book Tony for a class email him at performancegun@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear?Head over to https://www.laughnload.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG, FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syruYT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

Lefty's guests this episode include Chad Enos (Brand Manager CANIK USA) and professional competition shooter and World Champion Nils Jonasson. Topic: The new TTI Combat 9mm pistol from CANIK and Taran Tactical Innovations. Built on a completely new polymer frame designed by Taran Butler, the TTI Combat is a one-of-a-kind pistol. The TTI Combat features: […] The post Talking Lead 532 – CANIK & TARAN TACTICAL INNOVATIONS – TTI COMBAT appeared first on Firearms Radio Network.

GOD Provides JESUS SavesGoodShepherdTraining.comPatreonhttps://account.venmo.com/u/MilitoMinistryPodI'm Humbled by Your Support, Thanks and Have a Blessed DayServant MilitoBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/gunfighter-life-survival-guns--4187306/support.

Frank was a Canik sponsored shooter. He has since moved to Laugo Arms. We haven't been able to catch up for a couple years. This is part  of our 2+ hour conversation. Note: This episode and the last episode was split where some audio was lost (about 30 seconds worth). When we start talking, we are discussing Eric Grauffel being in the US to compete at CO Nats next month for the first time in 10+ years. Enjoy!! https://www.instagram.com/pewpewtank/ https://linkliberator.com/me/@casualshooterpodcast  

Frank was a Canik sponsored shooter. He has since moved to Laugo Arms. We haven't been able to catch up for a couple years. This is part 1 of a 2+ hour conversation. https://www.instagram.com/pewpewtank/ https://linkliberator.com/me/@casualshooterpodcast  

Lefty's guests this episode include Chad Enos @thechadenos (Brand Manager CANiK USA) and professional competition shooter and World Shooting Champion Nils Jonasson @noskillsnils. Topic: The new TTI Combat 9mm pistol from CANIK and Taran Tactical Innovations. Built on a completely new polymer frame designed by Taran Butler, the TTI Combat is a one-of-a-kind pistol. The TTI Combat features: Aggressive grip texturing, integrated flared magwell, removable aluminum competition magwell, a ported and spiral-fluted barrel, the first CANiK compensator, a diamond cut and flat-faced 90 degree break trigger, fully adjustable sights, two 18 round magazines with one flush fit TTI base pad and one +3 TTI base pad, a serrated and ambidextrous slide release, three back strap size options, a low profile optics cut for the new CANiK MECANiK line of optics as well as the Trijicon SRO… and many other optic options. Also included is a custom holster, hard travel case, cleaning kit, tool kit, custom punch, magazine speed loader, trigger lock and three optic plate interfaces. To finish off this collectable package CANiK has included a badass collaboration coin to commemorate this impressive firearm and it's kit.

#ghosttactical #ArmedCitizenPodcast #live  The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the individual guests and host and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Ghost Tactical Productions.  Some material may be for mature audiences and include language not suitable for young listeners. Listener Discretion is advised. Ghost Tactical Amazon Shop https://www.amazon.com/shop/GhostTact... Ghost Tactical Productions Credit:           Trey Miller Contact:        TheArmedCitizenPodcast@gmail.com

This week on State of the Second Kailey and John sit down with Adam Ruonala, the VP of Marketing and Business Development at Canik and Century Arms. They break down the latest on government overreach, import restrictions, ATF's War on Plastic, and the 1000% gun tax. Oh my!

12.14.23 Hour 4   1:00- Ward 6 Councilmember Charles Allen on what's next for DC. 19:42- Reacting to Charles Allen & what he said about what DC knew. 28:58- Canik Aguirre from the Alexandria City Council on the new arena proposal.

Episode 151: On this episode, Glock shows off their innovation, Canik gets a Rugby Edition and we get asked about cake and genitalia Thanks for all of your guy's support! We love ya! Please help us out by rating and reviewing the podcast! Thank you! Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.com If you want to book Tony for a class email him at performancegun@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear? Head over to https://www.laughnload.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG, FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/ IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syru YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

Welcome to Armscor Presents Open Action with John McClain! This go around, we are going to sit down and chat with Nils Jonasson. Nils is a Multiple National Champion as well as a World Champion in the USPSA, IPSC, IDPA, and 3 Gun World. That's right...in ALL of them! We chat about everything from the humble beginners of Nils' shooting career, to helping bring a lady shooter into the mix that would later become his wife. We also talk about his most recent project with being on a YouTube series call the Rock Chuck Olympics, and how different action shooting is from the precision side. You can listen or watch Armscor Presents Open Action with John McClain wherever podcasts are available. Keep up with John on Facebook, and don't forget to subscribe so you never miss an episode! Want more Armscor content? Get the latest news and articles where you can learn more about self-defense, home defense, concealed carry and living that firearm life. https://www.youtube.com/nilsjonasson https://www.instagram.com/noskillsnils https://www.armscor.com/open-action-podcast https://www.facebook.com/ArmscorPrecision/ https://www.instagram.com/rockislandarmory/

This week on State of the Second Kailey and John sit down with Adam Ruonala, the VP of Marketing and Business Development at Canik and Century Arms. They break down the latest on government overreach, import restrictions, ATF's War on Plastic, and the 1000% gun tax. Oh my! Want to help support our fight against the ATF? Grab our latest limited edition shirt from Nine Line Apparel!https://www.ninelineapparel.com/collections/goa-life-with-plastic Follow Century Arms: https://www.instagram.com/centuryarms/ Follow Canik Firearms: https://www.instagram.com/canikusa/-------------------Follow State of the Second: https://linktr.ee/stateofthesecondListen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6JWh3AGzrNQVDLVz0yDz9H?si=7691ffd125b44cae Listen on Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/state-of-the-second/id1706665365 -------------------Join GOA: https://donate.gunowners.org/youtube/Like on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GunOwners/Follow on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gunownersof...Follow on Twitter: https://twitter.com/GunOwners

Mo, Kelly, Adriel, Dave and Kyle are on to talk IPSC, 3 Gun matches, LPC receivers on clearance, She Shoots podcast, and how much of a PITA it is to swap the mag button on a Canik. We also reveal a new contest (details below) Lynx 180 Match Lower Receiver Contest The post Episode 511 appeared first on Slam Fire Radio.

Tom sells his Canik, shoots a PDP, Robert match is was a dumpster fire in more ways than one, Kenny turns the show into American Gladiators and Jared can't teach the unteachable. ---- Show Sponsors: https://runetactical.com/ https://dominatedefense.com/ https://precisionholsters.com/ https://www.instagram.com/waypointtraining/ https://w74guiderods.com/ Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@paracastfirearmspodcast905 Telegram: https://t.me/paracastpodcast Patreon: patreon.com/user?u=16370931

We talk about everything from Ai, faith walks, and even give Jordan a shot of telling the truth about his fishing story. Listen, watch, and like! Thanks for the support! Support us by buying some merch! https://keplercreekoutdoors.creator-spring.com/ We'd like to thank our sponsors Dirty Duck Coffee, Triptik and Huntwise! Promo code KCO15 for 15% off Dirty Duck Coffee and apparel Promo Code KCO20 for 20% off of HuntWise Use code KCO18 for 18% off of TideWe gear! Subscribe!

In this episode of the Talking Lead Podcast: Joe Meaux with Aklys Defense talks about reviving the old Vietnam era Smith and Wesson MK 22 “Hushpuppy” pistol with a new slide lock Glock version. Professional shooter Nils Jonasson joins us to talk about CANIK USA's new Micro Compact METE MC9 9mm pistol. Armon and Bridget with Prime Protection STL sit down to talk with Lefty about being the first Black FFL store in St. Louis. Also in … Talking Lead 475 – Hush Puppy Glock; Canik MC9 Micro; Prime Protection Read More »

In this episode of the Talking Lead Podcast: Joe Meaux with Aklys Defense talks about reviving the old Vietnam era Smith and Wesson MK 22 “Hushpuppy” pistol with a new slide lock Glock version. Professional shooter Nils Jonasson joins us to talk about CANIK USA's new Micro Compact METE MC9 9mm pistol. Armon and Bridget with Prime Protection STL sit down to talk with Lefty about being the first Black FFL store in St. Louis. Also in the episode is James Taylor with 2nd Amendment Warehouse, Chris Brooks with American Sniper Ammunition & Brandon Forquer with Signature Product Group. Prime Protection STL Armon & Bridget with Lefty Chris, Brandon & Joe Meaux with Lefty Adam, Ton, James, Nils with Lefty discussing the Canik Mete MC9 pistol at Shot Show 2023

This week, my guest is Nils Jonasson. At SHOT Show, he was gracious enough to record a couple videos for me of the new Canik Rival-S and the new Mete MC9. This week, we were able to talk all about his magical season that was 2022, repeating 2022, training and future goals.   www.casualshooterpodcast.com LASRApp Referral Link https://bit.ly/3wfzybI Save 15% on other items at LASRApp with CSP2021 Save 20% on Gun Butter with casualshooter20 www.gunbutter.com Save 10% on HOIST with CasualShooter www.drinkhoist.com

Keith Garcia is a 3 Gun champion. He made a name for himself winning the 3 Gun Nation championship back when “they” allowed it to be on NBC Sports. Keith always distinguished himself as a very fast and efficient shooter with a pistol, rifle, and shotgun. Keith also retired from a long career as a police officer and firearms instructor. In this episode, I catch up with Keith at the 2023 SHOT Show and we talk about his new venture as a full-time firearms instructor. Topics we get into on the show: -What is the latest and greatest products being released at this year's SHOT Show including a NEW trigger system from Glock (about time…) -What kind of focus does a shooter need with both iron and optical pistol sights? -What he would tell his younger self to focus on when he first learned how to shoot. Links to Keith: https://www.instagram.com/keithgarcia_3gun/

COVID attack, Googletards, Surplus Weapon Prices, Spoiled by DCM, Garbage Rod, Sporterized Mauser, Inexpensive imported shotguns, S&W 637 PC, prepper firearms, Canik pistols, Tisas Pistols, Pistol versions of Battle rifles.

Episode 25 is chock full of action including Canik's all-new Signature Series Miami Days and Nights pistols and Rob takes one for the team in a live shooter simulation. 

Lane Nelson is a 19-year-old competitive shooter who has put in the work and trained himself to be a Master Class Carry Optics shooter. His shooting journey started as a junior and now, he's learning to balance college, shooting, and family/friends time. We talk about his goals for his shooting career and what's next on the horizon for him. Lane runs some awesome budget-friendly gear, a mostly stock Canik pistol, and a quality red dot. We go over his gun and the gear he started with and how he still uses that same gear today! ⁠ The Reticle Up is produced in partnership with AmericanFirearms.org. American Firearms' mission is to recommend what works. We believe everyone deserves access to unbiased, helpful information about firearms -- and our buying guides, product reviews, and learning resources are designed to help real people find the stuff that will work best for them. Check us out at www.americanfirearms.org Be sure to subscribe to the Reticle Up Podcast wherever you get your podcasts from. Leave us a review online and be sure to follow us on social media! Follow the host at @3gunkenzie on Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mckenzie-fitzpatrick/support

GOD Provides GoodShepherdTraining.com

We welcome Adam Ruonala, Canik's National Marketing Director, to talk all new Lipsey's Exclusive and Industry Choice Awards (ICA) "Pistol of the Year", the Canik SFx RIVAL Trophy Edition.

Episode 99: FN updates some more old guns, Canik becomes a MeCanik, Buckeye Blast and 2-Gun Nationals results, we shot a local and we help a listener find a new gun! Thank you guys so much for all of your support! Please help us out by rating and reviewing the podcast! Thank you! Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.com If you want to book Tony for a class email him at performancegun@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear? Head over to https://www.laughnload.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG, FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/ IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syru YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

GOD is my StrengthGoodShepherdTraining.com

Hablo un poco, sobre marcas de pistolas, equipo necesario para empezar a participar en tiro práctico, leyes, crimen y mucho más --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Welcome to Gun Funny, Episode 233. Today I'm going to chat with Adam Ruonala from Century Arms, discuss the settlement between Remington's insurers and families of Sandyhook victims, highlight a new Stribog from Grand Power, and talk about a florist sent to jail for not delivering flowers on time. I'm your host, Ava Flanell. 

Episode 75. On this episode: SHOT Special 2022. New products announced from Franklin Armory, FN, Timney, Shadow Systems, KelTec, Canik & ScalarWorks Thank you guys so much for all of your support! Please help us out by rating and reviewing the podcast! Thank you! Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.com If you want to book Tony for a class email him at performancegun@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear? Head over to https://www.laughnload.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG, FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/ IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syru YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

Thanks to Nils Jonasson and Frank Xu for taking a few minutes to sit with me and discuss the new Canik Rival and their 2022 shooting seasons. Unfortunately, there was no ceiling to this space. There was a lot of "crowd noise" from SHOT Show attendees. I did what I could to lessen it. www.casualshooterpodcast.com

The girls are back from Fall Fest. They finished 3rd in Team Pistol, iron sights division and Stef won 1st place Multigun PCC division! After the Wounded and Recovering (WAR) Charity match, Travis will be back on Revolver. Stef is giving Carry Optics a run with her new Canik. And, Nancy is headed to Single Stack with her new Dan Wesson 1911.

055: This episode we talk about the newly released Kimber Mako, Smith & Wesson M&P 12 and some meaty pistols from Canik. Tony talks about the CQB training he went to. We get some pretty interesting questions about friends fighting and foods

Riley Bowman and Matthew Maruster share the latest industry news. We give you an update on the McCloskey couple, we discuss how Mexico is suing US gun manufacturers for their own problems, how Everytown is suing another manufacturer, and we bring to you some new gun releases.

Bunkered down in the war room somewhere in the high desert of southern Idaho where I discuss all things firearms and self defense training...joining us tonight is the Cajun Cowboy... call us text us 620-794-6223 email us patriotdefense13@yahoo.com like us on FB and check out our web page patriotdefense13.com the podcast is on iTunes...spotify and stitcher..

Welcome to Gun Funny, Episode 207. Today I'm going to chat with Aaargo Jay, discuss a new bill targeting semi-autos, highlight new pistols from Canik, and talk about Everytown's plan to put their anti-gun advocates in political office.  I'm your host, Ava Flanell.

This week we welcome Jason Bradley to the show. I've been wanting to have him on. As soon as I saw that he is now sponsored by Canik, it became imperative. In 2019, Jason finished 16 at USPSA Nationals shooting Carry Optics. Early 2020, he switched to the Canik SFx and continued with Carry Optics. He placed 2nd behind Max Michel at Factory Gun Nationals in October of last year. Last month, he became an officially sponsored shooter. www.casualshooterpodcast.com

On this episode: ATF makes a score card, World Shoot & PanAm get postponed, match review and get you a chase guy! • As always, thank you from the bottom of our hearts for your support! If you wouldn't mind, please help us out by rating and reviewing the podcast! Thank you! Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.com If you want to book Tony for a class email him at performancegun@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear? Head over to https://laugh-n-load.myshopify.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG,FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/ IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syru YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

Another mix from the archives! Follow Johnny Canik here: https://soundcloud.com/johnnny-c https://www.facebook.com/Johnnycanikdj + + + + + + + + + + + [Re-uploaded from the Wah Wah Lounge Podcast - which removed all these mixes]

Join Frasor and Witzke during their inaugural episode. They discuss anti-gun politicians, how Texas could FINALLY becoming a constitutional carry state, Canik review, and roast anti-gun Twitter dorks.

Oh boy, this episode has more laughs than a barrel of monkeys. Frank Xu, sponsored Canik shooter, joins your favorite podcast crew for an hour of discussion and hilarity. Frank steals the show.   This week we talk shooting, training, Canik, Mexican moustaches, Michael Jackson and karaoke. You don't want to miss a single minute of this episode.   www.casualshooterpodcast.com   www.franthetankshooting.com  

On this episode: SIG gets sued for 10mil, Walther releases the new PDP, SDS has a Benelli M4 Clone, New shooter tips, New Canik limited gun?, FLOP results, to truck gun or not to truck gun, and a lot of questions from y'all! As always thank you all for your support! Got questions? Email us at pewtimepodcast@gmail.com Looking for some new range wear? Head over to www.laughnload.com to check out some of the shirts, hats, hoodies and more that are currently available. What to check out some more from us you can search Laugh n Load on IG,FB and YouTube. FB: https://www.facebook.com/252407111792056/ IG: https://instagram.com/laughnload?igshid=tm0tboj9syru YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvK8P5NQ_sCpz1Hwasmd62Q

In this episode of Michael and Birdman review the CANIK TP 9 Elite Combat Suppressed. Stop by The Hub, located 5208 W White Mountain Blvd, Lakeside, AZ 85929   Visit: https://thehubaz.com/

In this episode of Michael and Birdman review the Century Arms CANIK TP 9 Elite Combat.   Come check out the gun at the range, you can rent it!   Stop by The Hub, located 5208 W White Mountain Blvd, Lakeside, AZ 85929   Visit: https://thehubaz.com/

On this week’s episode, listener and reviewer Rusty joins us for his review of the Canik TP 9 Elite SC. We have some discussion on the Surefire XSC weaponlight, The new Viridian HS1 laser handstop, and the Galil ACE pistol in 5.56. We also get to some listener feedback and questions. For all the show … Continue reading "Gun and Gear Review Podcast Episode 340 – Canik review, XSC light, HS1 laser, 556 Galil ACE"

On this week’s episode, listener and reviewer Rusty joins us for his review of the Canik TP 9 Elite SC. We have some discussion on the Surefire XSC weaponlight, The new Viridian HS1 laser handstop, and the Galil ACE pistol in 5.56. We also get to some listener feedback and questions. For all the show … Continue reading "Gun and Gear Review Podcast Episode 340 – Canik review, XSC light, HS1 laser, 556 Galil ACE"

On this week's episode, listener and reviewer Rusty joins us for his review of the Canik TP 9 Elite SC. We have some discussion on the Surefire XSC weaponlight, The new Viridian HS1 laser handstop, and the Galil ACE pistol in 5.56. We also get to some listener feedback and questions. For all the show … Continue reading "Gun and Gear Review Podcast Episode 340 – Canik review, XSC light, HS1 laser, 556 Galil ACE"

Professor Paul had the opportunity to spend some quality time with the folks from Sierra Bullets last week. We have an interview with Duane, the senior Ballistic Technician for Sierra and we’ll learn what is going on with that company. We have some culture for you. The Professor will read poetry and discuss his road back as he marks an important anniversary.  Also, we have a Warrior of the Week question. Are there aftermarket pistol magazines upon which you can depend? Paul and Jarrad share their experiences both with high quality and el cheapo magazines. TOPICS COVERED THIS EPISODE Warrior of the Week Go to www.swatfuel.com and use Promo Code “SOTG” TOPIC: Using Aftermarket magazine in handguns? -Inspired by Andrew Koetz’s question With a semi-auto pistol (I have a Canik TP9SFX); would it be more beneficial to carry the 20 round mags, or a 20 with a 32 round mag for spares? I have not yet tested the 32 round mags consistently enough to trust them yet; they are from another manufacturer and not Canik. Get a Free Bottle of 9mm+P | Question Post in The Liberty Mastermind Call 844-207-7684 Ask a clear and concise question If we choose your question…Email info@ with Name, Mailing Address, Phone Number, Email Huge thanks to our Partners:Brownells | Century Arms | Crossbreed | Duracoat | SWAT Fuel Dylan Thomas; Do not go gentle into that good night poets.org/poem/do-not-go-gentle-good-night The Road Back article will be available on Tuesday www.fightingsolves.com Duane from Sierra Bullets Interview VIDEOS https://youtu.be/AjT8UhDAVHI https://youtu.be/DVLStumDzOE FEATURING: Poets.org, SWAT Fuel, Madison Rising, Jarrad Markel, Paul G. Markel, SOTG University PARTNERS: Brownells Inc, Crossbreed Holsters, SWAT Fuel, DuraCoat Firearm Finishes FIND US ON: United Gun Group, iHeart Radio, Apple TV, Roku, Amazon, iTunes, Stitcher Radio, Google Play, YouTube, Full 30, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr SOURCES From poets.org/poem: Do not go gentle into that good night Dylan Thomas - 1914-1953 Do not go gentle into that good night, old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. (Click Here for Full Poem)

COMPLETE SHOW NOTES HERE Welcome to the We Like Shooting show, Episode 344 – tonight we'll talk about Faxon Firearms, Black Rhino Concealment, Swampfox Optics, Manticore Arms, Brownells, Canik, Shemagh's, Marlin 60 space guns, long range shooting and more!

COMPLETE SHOW NOTES HERE Welcome to the We Like Shooting show, Episode 344 – tonight we’ll talk about Faxon Firearms, Black Rhino Concealment, Swampfox Optics, Manticore Arms, Brownells, Canik, Shemagh’s, Marlin 60 space guns, long range shooting and more!

COMPLETE SHOW NOTES HERE Welcome to the We Like Shooting show, Episode 344 – tonight we’ll talk about Faxon Firearms, Black Rhino Concealment, Swampfox Optics, Manticore Arms, Brownells, Canik, Shemagh’s, Marlin 60 space guns, long range shooting and more!

What are the 3 prepping mistakes made by people with a genuine desire to be prepared individuals and families? Paul and Jarrad will consider in great detail some of the more common shortcomings and pitfalls that preppers encounter.  We also offer some simple and effective solutions to everyday problems that you are likely to encounter during a crisis or an emergency that affects your city, state, or nation. Occasionally, it is good to go back to the basics and consider how our parents and grandparents took care of everyday concerns.  Be sure to tune in and listen to the entire episode. This information needs to be shared with family and friends. The moral of the story is; Prepare, don’t Panic. Be a part of the solution, not the problem. Thanks for being a part of SOTG! We hope you find value in the message we share. If you’ve got any questions, here are some options to contact us: Send an Email Send a Text Call Us Enjoy the show! And remember…You’re a Beginner Once, a Student For Life! Topics Covered During This Episode: Huge thanks to our Partners:Brownells | Century Arms | Crossbreed | Duracoat | SWAT Fuel Canik Pistols - Rhino Tough: https://www.studentofthegun.com/articles/canik-pistols-guide/ Get in on the Duracoat Badass Contest! How to Participate: https://www.studentofthegun.com/news/partners/duracoat-bad-ass-challenge/ Required Hashtags: #StudentOfTheGun, #Duracoat, #BadassFinish 3 Prepping Mistakes VIDEOS: https://youtu.be/AjT8UhDAVHI https://youtu.be/DVLStumDzOE FEATURING: Duracoat, SWAT Fuel, Madison Rising, Jarrad Markel, Paul Markel, SOTG University PARTNERS: Brownells Inc, Crossbreed Holsters, Century Arms, SWAT Fuel, DuraCoat Firearm Finishes FIND US ON: iTunes, Stitcher, AppleTV, Roku, Amazon, GooglePlay, YouTube, Full30TV, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, tumblr SOURCES From www.studentofthegun.com/articles: There are guns for fun and guns for fighting. Canik pistols are built for fighting. For the last five years or so I have been working with the modern incarnations of the Canik pistol line. The first version that I had the opportunity to work with was the TP9SA. Since that first experience, I have evaluated and carried several models of Canik pistol. Let’s take a moment to examine the various handguns and how we may use them. Canik Pistols – TP9SA It all began with my introduction to the TP9SA. This 9x19mm NATO pistol thoroughly impressed me. As a matter of fact, I was so taken with this Canik pistol that I ordered a Crossbreed SuperTuck holster for it. I started toting the gun as an EDC (everyday carry) pistol. (Click Here for Full Article)

Most all of us have had the “my first gun” moment in our lives. Some you may be going through the “my first gun” decision process right now. During our SOTG Homeroom from Crossbreed Holsters, Professor Paul considers the entry-level gun and how to encourage people, not discourage them. For our Brownells Bullet Point segment, Paul and Jarrad will take a look at innovation versus imitation. Which one of these ideas is more important? Or, do both imitation and innovation have merit, depending on the situation?  Scott Hambrick of Online Great Books is back for part two of the Ideas of Liberty segment. Paul, Jarrad, and Scott continue their conversation. You never know what topics will come up when these three get together. Thanks for being a part of SOTG! We hope you find value in the message we share. If you’ve got any questions, here are some options to contact us: Send an Email Send a Text Call Us Enjoy the show! And remember…You’re a Beginner Once, a Student For Life! Topics Covered During This Episode: Brownells Bullet Points - brownells.com TOPIC: Innovation vs. Imitation Huge thanks to our Partners: Brownells | Century Arms | Crossbreed | Duracoat | SWAT Fuel Canik Pistol article: studentofthegun.com/articles/canik-pistols-guide/ Get in on the Badass Contest! How to Participate: studentofthegun.com/news Required Hashtags: #StudentOfTheGun, #Duracoat, #BadassFinish SOTG Homeroom brought to you by Crossbreed Holsters TOPIC: Dangerous on Demand during a crisis Ideas of Liberty brought to you by OnlineGreatBooks.com - Topic: Critical Thinking Pt. 2 www.studentofthegun.com/ogb, Promo Code SOTG save 25% for the first 3 months VIDEOS: https://youtu.be/YSg4UXWwiwY?t=3s https://youtu.be/DVLStumDzOE FEATURING: Scott Hambrick, Online Great Books, Brownells, Crossbreed Holsters, Madison Rising, Jarrad Markel, Paul G. Markel, SOTG University PARTNERS: Brownells Inc, Crossbreed Holsters, Century Arms, SWAT Fuel, DuraCoat Firearm Finishes FIND US ON: United Gun Group, iHeart Radio, Apple TV, Roku, Amazon, iTunes, Stitcher Radio, Google Play, YouTube, Full 30, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, tumblr SOURCES From www.studentofthegun.com/articles: There are guns for fun and guns for fighting. Canik pistols are built for fighting. For the last five years or so I have been working with the modern incarnations of the Canik pistol line. The first version that I had the opportunity to work with was the TP9SA. Since that first experience, I have evaluated and carried several models of Canik pistol. Let’s take a moment to examine the various handguns and how we may use them. (Click Here for Full Article)

In this hour: - Smith & Wesson's Matt Spafford talks about the newest addition to the M&P Shield EZ line - a 9mm! - Congressman Roger Marshall, M.D. (R-KS) discusses new legislation to reclassify short-barreled rifles (SBRs) as semi-auto rifles - Range report on Canik Combat Elite pistol   Tom Gresham's Gun Talk 12.15.19 Hour 1

Gun Radio Utah: Canik TP9 Elite, Does gun registration work? And FREE gun safes!

Gun Radio Utah; Canik Firearms, Red Flag Laws, Gun Smithing and more!

https://chtbl.com/track/118312/traffic.libsyn.com/talkinglead/TLP_320_First_Shot_TP9_SC.mp3 Welcome back to the Talking Lead Podcast! This episode is a follow up to Episode 319 where we unveiled the new Canik TP9 Elite SC sub-compact 9mm pistol with Century Arms. We took the TP9 E-SC, along with some other Canik pistols and a couple of full auto Century Arms rifles (wink wink), to Royal Range USA in Nashville. We invited all you Lead Heads and a few close friends to come out and get hands on experience shooting the Canik line of pistols. We provided the guns, the ammo and a few surprises. You provided the feedback. Some of the folks that joined us were James Yeager of Tactical Response, Don Reber with Tactical Photographer, Troy with God & Guns Podcast, Jim and John Scoutten with Shooting USA and we even brought in a professional ballet dancer to test out the Canik TP9 Elite SC...What???!!!

On this week’s episode, we discuss the Strike Industries Mass Driver compensator for Gen 3 Glock pistols, Magpul’s new line of CZ Scorpion parts (mags, pistol grip, mag release), and Canik’s new TP9 Elite SubCompact. For all the show notes and back episodes, head over to firearmsradio.tv/gun-and-gear-review-podcast

On this week's episode, we discuss the Strike Industries Mass Driver compensator for Gen 3 Glock pistols, Magpul’s new line of CZ Scorpion parts (mags, pistol grip, mag release), and Canik’s new TP9 Elite SubCompact. For all the show notes and back episodes, head over to firearmsradio.tv/gun-and-gear-review-podcast

https://chtbl.com/track/118312/traffic.libsyn.com/talkinglead/TLP_318_Canik_TP9_Elite_Sub_Compact.mp3 Welcome back to another episode of the Talking Lead Podcast! Lefty's special guests this episode are Adam Ruonala, Century Arms National Marketing Director and Andrew Breneman, Century Arms Regional Sales Manager . We get the low down on Canik's new, long awaited, TP9 Sub Compact, we make the official announcement that Century Arms is the new presenting sponsor of the Season 2 Taking Lead AK Korner, we talk US Palm, Red Army Standard ammo, take care of some Jackwagons and honor some Lead Head Brigade Heroes. We also give away the final Glock gift code! All this and more in this episode of the Talking Lead Podcast.

We look back at the tragic events of 18 years ago. We look at the Canik tp9sfx, the Abu Garcia winch series crankbait rod. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hooks and lead /support

Bunkered down in the war room somewhere in the high desert of southern Idaho I am joined by Kevin Tarver and Dean Rhodemack where we discuss all things firearms and self defense training... Do you want a chance to win a Limited Edition Yeet cannon G1? This particular Yeet Cannon will be tested to its limits in proper Idaho fashion. It will get beat up...it will get dirty...it may get upgrades...it will get broke in....(and maybe even broken)...and YES it could be yours if you enter to win.    Ways to enter...   Take a class from Patriot Defense = 2 entries   Leave an ITunes review of the Patriot Defense Podcast = 1 entry   Like & Share our FB page = 1 entry    Contest runs 7/22/19-10/31/19   Keep an eye on our social media pages as we will start posting videos soon....   Instagram.... patriotdefense13 FB.... https://www.facebook.com/Patriotdefense13/ YouTube.... https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-G3bDPLdPL8WvE2JvNLzEQ  

I am tired of seeing people trying to go viral showing incompetence in gun ownership. Gun Range Accidents being broadcasted all over the internet to trying to take our incompetence viral is wrong. Let's stop showing our incompetence. I also lay out the rules for the Canik giveaway. If you want a chance to win: Share as many youtube video's as possible Comment and tap "thumbs up" on as many videos. Heart other peoples comments. Become a Patreon or make a purchase at www.JohnBartoloShow.com Remember to thank the sponsors. Remember to let me know when you complete the tasks on my Instagram. These will give you all the best chance to win the Canik.

Steve explores two man tactical training while Robert makes fun of poor people.   https://www.patreon.com/user?u=16370931

Vale la pena esta pistola ? Sus accesorios justifican su precio ? --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Bunkered down in the war room somewhere in the high desert of southern Idaho I am joined by Kevin Tarver and Mark Benedict where we discuss all things firearms and self defense training...gun of the year...firearms memories...simmunitions..new classes...and recent firearms innovations.

Bunkered down in the war room somewhere in the high desert of southern Idaho I am joined by Kevin Tarver and Mark Benedict where we discuss all things firearms and self defense training...tonight we discuss red flag laws, the shockwave, the Canik, gun buy backs, Christmas time and much more.

08.11.18 - Edouard Von Shaeke @ La Souris Mécanik - Trois Bassins - RE by Edouard Von Shaeke

Kevin Tarver joins me  Moisin Nagants What is Defensive Mindset? and there is always another shooting abilene shooting Mantis X

Welcome to the We Like Shooting show, Episode 265 - tonight we’ll talk about Canik, Caniks, CZ USA, Bullpup Shoot, Scorpion Evo Bullpup, Trident Concepts and more! Our cast for episode 265 is Shawn Herrin, Aaron Krieger, Savage1r, Jeremy Pozderac, Nick Lynch!

Mark And Tarver joins us today PD10...Canik 9MM...Wheres my shot show invite???...Prison talk with Tarver...what makes a good holster and gun guys vs the average Joe

Dean couldn't get permission to come and play... Tarver had to work... But Mark is back from vacation and is in the War Room So we shot some guns and invited the Bob and Dude Bolish over to join us... we talk guns...Dude gives us her take on the ladies class she attended...and we talk about the TP1...

Episode 74 of the John1911 Podcast is now live. We discuss:   Freeze loses all his 4-wheeler gas. The time a mag company lied to me.  1000 yard range wheeling and dealing.  Canik Tp9 Issues. Beating on pistols with hammers is retarded. The one handgun skill to rule them all.  CZ P10c review done.  The Glock Gen 5…yawn. Want to be a better pistol shooter, pull DA triggers.  The T91 Build hits a bump in the road.        Marky & Freeze www.John1911.com "Shooting Guns & Having Fun"

Thoughts on the election – particularly Ron Paul’s comments about Ted Cruz, some feel-good news out of the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals on the Maryland Assault Weapons Ban, a range review of the Canik-55 Stingray-C, a look back at a day in the mountains shooting with my Dad, and Sergeant Bill joins us again to share his tips on improving your draw speed.

Welcome to the We Like Shooting show, Episode 73 – New Years edition!  This week we’ll talk about our origin story, Faxon firearms, DEZ Tactical, Danner boots, ITS Tactical, Canik and more!

TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's. Next. Speaker 2: N. N. N. N. Speaker 3: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x, [00:00:30] Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program, bringing you interviews, featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 4: Good afternoon. I'm Rick Karnofsky. Brad swift and I are the hosts of today's show. Today we're talking with doctors, Tonya Wilkie and Chris Rink of the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek. They recently published an article entitled insights into the Phylogeny and coding potential [00:01:00] of microbial dark matter in which they have to characterized through relationships between 201 different genomes and identified some unique genomic features. Tonya and Chris, welcome to spectrum. Speaker 5: Thanks for having us. Thank you. Speaker 4: So Tanya, what is microbial dark matter? Speaker 5: We like to take life as we know it and put it in an evolutionary tree in a tree of life. And what this assists us is to figure out the evolutionary histories of organisms and the relationships between [00:01:30] related groups of organisms. So what does this mean? It's to say we take microbial diversity as we know it on this planet and we place it in this tree of life. What you will find is that there will be some major branches in this tree, about 30 of them, and we call these major branches Fila that are made up of organisms that you can cultivate. So we can grow them on plates in the laboratory, we can grow them in Allen Meyer, flask and liquid media. We can study that for CLG. We can figure out what substrates they metabolize, [00:02:00] we can figure out how they behave under different conditions. Speaker 5: Many of them we can even genetically modify. So we really know a lot about these organisms and we can really figure out, you know, how do they function, what are the genetic underpinnings that make them function the way they do in the laboratory and also in the environment where they come from. So now coming back to this tree of life, if you keep looking at this tree of life, uh, we will find at least another 30 off these major branches that we refer to as [00:02:30] Canada. Dot. Sila and these branches have no cultivators, representatives, so all the organisms that make up these branches, we have not yet been able to cultivate in the laboratory. We call these kind of dot, Fila or microbial dark matter. And the term dark matter. All biological dark matter has been coined by the Steve Craig Laboratory at Stanford University when they published the first genomes after a candidate, phylum TM seven. We know that dark matter is in most if not all [00:03:00] ecosystems. So we find it in most ecosystems, but to get at their complete genetic makeup. That's the key challenge. Speaker 4: Yeah. And if you, if you want to push it through the extreme, there are studies out there estimating the number of bacteria species they are and how many we can cultivate. And the result is all there. The estimation of the studies we can cultivate about, you know, one or 2% of all the microbial species out there. So basically nine to 9% is still out there and we haven't even looked at it. So this really, this major on culture microbes and majority is [00:03:30] still waiting out there to be explored. So that sort of carries on the analogy to cosmological dark matter in which there's much more of it than what we actually see and understand. Right. Speaker 5: So how common and how prevalent are, are these dark matter organisms? Yeah, that's a really good question. So in some environments they are what we would consider the rabbi biosphere. So they are actually at fairly low abundance, but our methods are sensitive enough to still pick them up. [00:04:00] In other environments. We had some sediment samples where some of these candidate file, our, actually what we would consider quite abandoned, it's a few percent, let's say 2% of opiate candidate phylum that to us, even 2% is quite abandoned. Again, you have to consider the whole community. And if one member is a 2%, that's, that's a pretty dominant community members. So I'd arise from environment, environment Speaker 4: and Chris, where were samples collected from? So altogether we sampled nine sampling sites all over the globe [00:04:30] and we tried to be as inclusive as possible. So we had marine samples, freshwater samples, sediment samples, um, some samples from habitats with very high temperatures and also a sample from a bioreactor. And there were a few samples among them that for which we had really great hopes. And among them were um, samples from the hot vans from the bottom of Pacific Ocean. The samples we got were from the East Pacific virus sampling side, and that's about 2,500 meters below the store phase. And [00:05:00] the sample there, you really need a submersible that's a small submarine and you can launch from a research vessel. In our case, those samples were taken by Elvin from the woods hole oceanographic institution and now you have a lot of full Canik activity and also the seawater seeps into the earth crust goes pretty deep and gets heated up. Speaker 4: And when it comes back out as a hydrothermal event, it has up to [inaudible] hundred 50 to 400 degrees Celsius. And it is enriched in chemicals such as a sulfur or iron. [00:05:30] It makes us immediately with the surrounding seawater, which is only about a two degrees Celsius. So it's a very, it's a very challenging environment because you have this gradient from two degrees to like 400 degrees within a few centimeters and you have those chemicals that uh, the organisms, the micro organisms could use blast. There is no sunlight. So we thought that's a very interesting habitat to look for. Microbial, dark matter. There were several samples. That's a to us. One of them is the Homestake [00:06:00] mine in South Dakota and that's an old gold mine that is not used anymore since 2002 but are there still scientific experiments going on there? It's a very deep mine, about 8,000 feet deep and we could all sample from about 300 feet. Speaker 4: And we were surprised about this Ikea diversity we found in those samples. There were a few Akia that were not close to any, I don't know another key out there for some of them. We even had to propose new archaeal Fila. Stepping back a bit, Chris, [00:06:30] can you tell us more about Ikea and perhaps the three domains of life? The three domains were really established by Culver's with his landmark paper in 1977 and what he proposed was a new group of Derek here. So then he had all together three domains. You had the bacteria and archaea and the eukaryotes, the eukaryote state. There are different one big differences to have the nucleus, right? They have to DNA in the nucleus and it also includes all the higher taxa. But then you have also their key and the bacteria. [00:07:00] And those are two groups that only single cell organisms, but they are very distant related to each other, the cell envelope, all. And also the cell duplication machinery of the archaea is closer to the eukaryotes than it is to the bacteria. Speaker 5: Yeah, and it's interesting, I mean Ikea, I guess we haven't sequenced some that much yet, but Ikea are very important too, but people are not aware of them. They know about bacteria, but Ikea and maybe because there aren't any RKO pathogen [00:07:30] and we'd like to think about bacteria with regards to human health, it's very important. That's why most of what we sequence are actually pathogens, human pathogens. So we sequence, I don't know how many strains of your senior pastors and other pathogenic bacteria, but archaea are equally important, at least in the environment. But because we rarely find them associated with humans, we don't really think about archaea much. Our people aren't really aware of Ikea. Speaker 4: Talk about their importance, Speaker 5: the importance [00:08:00] in the environment. So Ikea are, for example, found in extreme environments. We find them in Hydro Soma environments. We find them in hot springs. Uh, we, they have, they have biotechnological importance and not a lot of, quite useful in enzymes that are being used in biotechnology are derived from Ikea in part because we find them in these extreme environments and hot environments and they have the machinery to deal with this temperature. So they have enzymes that function [00:08:30] properly at high temperature and extreme conditions, really extreme on the commerce extreme or fields. And that makes them very attractive bio technologically because some of these enzymes that we would like to use should be still more tolerant or should have these features that are sort of more extreme. Um, so we can explain it them for a biotech technological applications. [inaudible] Speaker 6: [inaudible] [00:09:00] you are listening to spectrum on k l x Berkeley. I'm Rick [inaudible] and I'm talking with Kanya vulgate and Chris, her and Kate about using single cell genomics. You're expand our knowledge that the tree of life, Speaker 5: [00:09:30] so again, we called up a range of different collaborators and they were all willing to go back to these interesting sites, even to the hydrothermal vent and get us fresh sample. No one turned us down. So we, we, we screened them again to make sure they are really of the nature that we would like to have them and the ones that were suitable. We then fed into our single cell workflow. Can you talk briefly about that screening? There were two screens in waft. One screen was narrowing down the samples themselves and we received a lot more sample, I would say at least [00:10:00] three times as many sample as we ended up using. And we pre-screened these on a sort of barcode sequencing level. And so we down selected them to about a third. And then within this third we sorted about 9,000 single cells and within these 9,000 single cells, only a subset of them went through successful single cell, whole genome amplification. And out of that set then we were only, we were able to identify another subset. And [00:10:30] in the end we selected 200 for sequencing 201 Speaker 4: and how does single cell sequencing work? Speaker 5: So to give you a high level overview, you take a single cell directly from the environment, you isolate it, and there's different methodologies to do that. And then you break it open, you expose the genetic material within the cell, the genome, and then you amplify the genome. And some single cells will only have one copy of that genome. And we have a methodology, it's a whole genome amplification process that's called multiple displacement amplification [00:11:00] or MDA. And that allows us to make from one copy of the genome, millions and billions of copies. One copy of the genome corresponds to a few family or grams of DNA. We can do much with it. So we have to multiply, we have to make these millions and billions of copies of the genome to have sufficient DNA for next generation sequencing. Speaker 4: Are there other extreme environments that you guys didn't take advantage of in this study that might be promising? Definitely. Um, so we, [00:11:30] we created the list already off environments that would be interesting to us based on, you know, on the results from the last start in the experience we have with environmental conditions and the is microbes we've got out of it. So we're definitely planning to have a followup study where we explore all those, um, habitats that we couldn't include in this, uh, study. Speaker 5: So some examples of the Red Sea and some fjords in Norway and their various that were after Speaker 4: the, that the Black Sea is a very interesting environment too. It's, it's completely anoxic, high levels of sulfide [00:12:00] and it's, it's really, it's huge. So that's a very interesting place to sample too. And how historically have we come to this tree in the old days? And I mean the, the, the pre sequencing area, um, the main criteria that scientists use to categorize organisms whilst the phenotype. That's the, the morphology, the biochemical properties, the development. And that was used to put, uh, organisms into categories. And then with the dawn of the sequencing area, and that was [00:12:30] mainly, um, pushed by the Sanger sequencing, the development of the Sanger sequencing in the 70s. We finally had another and we could use and that was the DNA sequence of organisms. And that was used to classify and categorize organisms. Does a phenotyping still play a role in modern phylogeny? It still does play a role in modern philosophy in the, especially for eukaryotes. Speaker 4: Well you have a very significant phenotype. So what you do there is you can compare a phenotyping information with the [00:13:00] genomic information and on top of that even, uh, information from all the ontology and you try to combine all the information you have doing for, let's say, for the evolutionary relationships among those organisms in modern times, the phylogeny of bacteria, Nokia, it's mainly based on molecular data. Part of our results were used to infer phylogenetic relationships into the started. The evolutionary history of those microbes. We'll be, well do you have for the first time is we now have chine [00:13:30] ohms for a lot of those branches of the tree where before we only had some barcodes so we knew they were there, but we had no information about the genomic content and they'll seem to be hafted for the first time. We can actually look at the evolutionary history of those microbes and there were two, two main findings in our paper. Speaker 4: One was that for a few groups, the f the placement that taxonomic placement in the tree of life was kind of debated in the past. We could help to clarify that. For example, one group is they clock chemo needs [00:14:00] and it was previously published. It could be part of the farm of the spiral kids, but we could Cully show with our analysis that they are their own major branch entry of laughter or their own file them and a a second result. That's, I think it's very important that that's because they didn't share a lot of jeans with others. Bifurcates is that, that's, that's right. So if you placed him in a tree of life, you can see that the don't cluster close parakeets, they'll come out on the other side by out by themselves, not much resembling if the spark is there. And the second result was [00:14:30] that, uh, we found several of those main branches of the tree of life, those Fila the class of together consistently in our analysis. Speaker 4: And so we could group them together and assign super filer to them. One example is a sweet book, Zero Fila Debra Opa 11 or the one and Chino too, and also almost clustered together. So we proposed a super final name. Potesky and Potesky means I'm bear or simple. And we choose that because they have a reduced and streamlined genome. That's another common feature. [00:15:00] I'm Andrea and I, I have to say that, you know, looking into evolutionary relationships, it is, it is a moving target because as Tanya mentioned, especially for microbes and bacteria and like here, there's still so many, um, candidates that are out there for which we have no genomic information. So we definitely need way more sequences, um, to get a better idea of the evolutionary relationships of all the books. Your Nokia out there Speaker 6: [00:15:30] spectrum is a public affairs show about science on k a l x Berkeley. Our guests today are Tanya. Okay. And Chris Rink k you single cell genomics to find the relationships between hundreds of dark matter of microbes. Speaker 4: And can you speak to the current throughput? I would have thought that gathering up organisms in such extreme environments was really the time limiting factor. [00:16:00] But I suppose if you have this archive, other steps might end up taking a while. I will say the most time consuming step is really to to sort those single cells and then to lyse the single cells and amplify the genome and then of course to screen them for the, for genomes of interest for microbial like metagenomes [inaudible] that was a big part of the study. So actually getting the genomic information out of the single cells and if that can be even more streamlined than uh, and push to a higher or even more stupid level, I think [00:16:30] that will speed up the recovery of, of novel microbial dogmatic genomes quite a bit. Speaker 5: Well, we have a pretty sophisticated pipeline now at the JGI where we can do this at a fairly high throughput, but as Chris said, it still takes time and every sample is different. Every sample behaves different depending on what the properties of the samples are. You may have to be treated in a certain way to make it most successful for this application and other staff in the whole process that takes a long time is the key. The quality control [00:17:00] of the data. So the data is not as pretty as a sequencing data from an isolet genome where you get a perfect genome back and the sequence data that you get back is fairly, even the coverage covered all around the genome. Single cell data is messy. The amplification process introduces these artifacts and issues. It can introduce some error because you're making copies of a genome. Speaker 5: So errors can happen. You can also introduce what we call comeric rearrangement. That means that pieces of DNA [00:17:30] go together that shouldn't go together. Again, that happens during the amplification process. It's just the nature of the process. And on top of that, parts of the genome amplify nicely and other parts not so nice. So the overall sort of what we call sequence coverage is very uneven. So the data is difficult to deal with. We have specific assembly pipelines that we do. We do a sort of a digital normalization of the data before we even deal with the data, so it's not as nice. And then on top of that you can have contamination. So the whole process is very [00:18:00] prone to contamination. Imagine you only have one copy of a single cell, five Phantogram, one circle of DNA and any little piece of DNA that you have in that prep that sometimes as we know comes with the reagents. Speaker 5: Because reagents are not designed to deal with such low template molecules. They will call amplify, they will out-compete or compete with your template. So what you end up with in your sequence is your target and other stuff that was in was in the reagents or again, in your prep. We have very rigorous [00:18:30] process of cleaning everything. We you read a lot of things we sterilize, so we need to get rid of any DNA to not, um, to, to have a good quality genome in the end. And so that said, we have developed tools and pipelines at our institute now that specifically help us detect contamination. Sometimes it's not easy to detect it and then remove it. We want to make sure that the single cell genomes that we released at as single cell genome ABC are really ABC and not a plus x and [00:19:00] B plus k because accidentally something came along and contaminated the prep. And especially with candidate Fila, it's, it's fairly difficult to detect tech contamination because what would help us would be if we would have referenced genomes, we're actually generating this reference genome so we don't have a good reference to say, yeah, this is actually, that's our target organism and the rest is public contamination, so it's very tricky. Speaker 4: Are there other examples for [00:19:30] single cell sequencing being used on this many organisms Speaker 5: on this many organisms? No, not that I'm aware of. I know there's an effort underway and the h and p, the human microbiome project where they also identified there, they nicely call it the most wanted list, so they have the target organisms that are quite abundant in different microbiomes within the human body associated with the human body and they've been very successfully able to cultivate. A lot of them bring a lot of them in culture [00:20:00] and it may be easier for the h and p because we can mimic the conditions within the body a little bit better and more controlled. We know our body temperature and we know sort of what the middle year is in the different parts of our body. So it's a little bit easier to bring these organisms and culture than going to the hydrothermal vent and try and recreate these conditions which are extremely difficult to recreate. So that said, um, there are some that they are now targeting with single cell sequencing. So that's another large effort [00:20:30] that I know of that's specifically using single cell genomics to get at some of these reference genomes. Speaker 4: Can you get more out of this then? Sort of phylogenetic links? We found a few unique genomic features and one on one dimension is we found a recode. It's stopped caught on in, in two of those, a bacteria from the hot vans I mentioned earlier. And to give you a little bit of background, so, um, it's, we know the genetic information of each sale is and coded in its DNA, but in order to [00:21:00] make use of this genomic information, this genetic information has to be translated into proteins. And then proteins that could be enzymes that are employed in the metabolism to keep the cell going. And a dispensation is pretty universal between the three domains of life. The way it works, we have three basis in your DNA and three basis are called the core done. And each call is translated in the one amino acid. Speaker 4: So this way you'll build a chain of amino acids and then this chain is for a folder [00:21:30] and then you have your ready made protein. This call them triplet. This three basis also work for start and stop. So there are certain colons that tell the cell, okay, that's where you start a protein. And another called in to tell us the cell. So that's, that's where you enter prod and you're done with it. There are some slight variations, but in general does a universally called, is perceived between all three domains of life. And what we found was very interesting in two of those bacteria from the hot vans. Ah, those two caecilian bacteria, we found the [00:22:00] recording. So one of the accord on did not called for a stop code on anymore, but in the quarter's for an amino acid in that case, glycine. And that has never been seen before. Were you surprised by these results? Speaker 5: To us, they were surprising because they were unique and they were different. On the other hand, I have to say I'm not that surprised because we haven't, like Russ said, we haven't looked at heart yet and considering that we can only cultivate a few percent of all the microbial diversity that exists on this planet as far as, [00:22:30] as far as we know it, it's not that surprising that you find these novel functions and there's these unique features and novel genetic codes because it's really, it's a highly under-explored area. Speaker 4: It is very rewarding. But if you look in the future, um, how much is still out of the sequence? Of course we're interested in that. So we looked at all the files show diversity that's known, that's out there based on this, um, biomarkers that Tony mentioned earlier and we just compared it to the genomes that we have sequenced so far. And we really want [00:23:00] to know, so if you want to cover let's say about 50% of all the fall diversity that's out there, how many achievements do we still have to sequence and the number of the estimate was we need to sequence at least 16,004 more genomes Speaker 5: and this is a moving target. So this is as we know, diversity of today it and every day we sample my environments, we sequence them deeper and everyday our diversity estimates increase. So what we've done with these 201 it's the tip of the iceberg but it's a start. Speaker 4: [00:23:30] Well Tanya and Chris, thanks for joining us. Thanks for having us. Thanks for having us. Yeah. Speaker 6: [inaudible] that's what shows are archived on iTunes to you. We've queued a simple link for you. The link is tiny, url.com/calex Speaker 7: spectrum Speaker 8: irregular feature of spectrum is a calendar [00:24:00] of some of the science and technology related events happening in the bay area over the next two weeks. Here's Brad swift and Renee Rao here today. Majority tomorrow. Expanding technological inclusion, technological inclusion is not an issue for some of us. It is an issue for all of us. Mitchell Kapore, co-chair of [inaudible] center for social impact and a partner at Kapore capital. We'll moderate a panel discussion among the following [00:24:30] presenters, Jennifer r Guayle, executive director of Latino to Kimberly Bryant, founder of Black Girls Code Connie Mack Keebler, a venture capitalist with the collaborative fund. Vivek Wadhwa academic researcher, writer and entrepreneur here today. Majority tomorrow is free and open to everyone on a first come first seated basis. This is happening on the UC Berkeley campus in Soutar de Di Hall [inaudible] [00:25:00] Auditorium Monday October 7th at 4:00 PM Speaker 7: the second installment of the six part public lecture series, not on the test. The pleasure and uses of mathematics will be held this October 9th Dr. Keith Devlin will deliver a lecture on underlying mathematics in video games. Dr Devlin will show how casual video games that provide representation of mathematics enabled children and adults to learn basic mathematics by playing in the same way people [00:25:30] learn music by learning to play the piano. Professor Devlin is a mathematician at Stanford, a Co founder and president of Inner Tube Games and the math guy of NPR. The lecture will be held on October 9th at 7:00 PM in the Berkeley City College Auditorium located at 2050 Center street in Berkeley. The event is free and open to the public. Speaker 8: The Leonardo arts science evening rendezvous or laser is a lecture series with rotating barrier venues. October 9th there will be a laser [00:26:00] at UC Berkeley. Presenters include Zan Gill, a former NASA scientists, Jennifer Parker of UC Santa Cruz, Cheryl Leonard, a composer, Wayne Vitali, founding member of gamelons Sakara [inaudible]. This is Wednesday, October 9th from 6:30 PM to 9:00 PM on the UC Berkeley campus in barrels hall room 100 Speaker 7: how can we prevent information technology [00:26:30] from destroying the middle class? Jaron Lanier, is it computer scientists, Kim Poser, visual artist and author. October 14th linear will present his ideas on the impact of information technology on his two most recent books are title. You are not a gadget and who owns the future. The seminar will be held in Sue Taja, Dai Hall, but not auditorium on the UC Berkeley campus. Monday, October 14th from 11:00 AM to noon [00:27:00] and that with some science news headlines. Here's the Renee, the intergovernmental panel on climate change released part of its assessment report. Five last Friday. The more than 200 lead authors on their report included Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Michael Warner and William Collins who had a chapters on longterm climate change productions and climate models. The report reinforces previous conclusions that over the next century, the continents will warm [00:27:30] with more hot extremes and fewer cold extremes. Precipitation patterns around the world will also continue changing. One-Arm Collins noted that climate models since the last report in 2007 have improved significantly as both data collection and mechanistic knowledge have grown using these models. Scientists made several projections of different scenarios for the best, worst and middling cases of continued greenhouse emissions. Speaker 7: [00:28:00] Two recent accomplishments by commercial space programs are notable. Orbital Sciences launched their sickness spacecraft on September 18th a top the company's rocket and Tara's from wallops island, Virginia. On September 28th the Cygnus dock did the international space station for the first time, a space x rocket carrying and Canadian satellite has launched from the California coast in a demonstration flight of a new Falcon rocket. The next generation. Rocket boasts [00:28:30] upgraded engines designed to improve performance and carry heavier payloads. The rocket is carrying a satellite dead kiss IOP, a project of the Canadian Space Agency and other partners. Once in orbit it will track space weather. Speaker 2: Mm mm mm. Mm Huh. Speaker 7: The music [00:29:00] heard during the show was written and produced by Alex Simon. Yeah. Speaker 3: Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Address is [inaudible] dot [inaudible] dot com Speaker 9: [inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's. Next. Speaker 2: N. N. N. N. Speaker 3: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x, [00:00:30] Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute program, bringing you interviews, featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 4: Good afternoon. I'm Rick Karnofsky. Brad swift and I are the hosts of today's show. Today we're talking with doctors, Tonya Wilkie and Chris Rink of the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek. They recently published an article entitled insights into the Phylogeny and coding potential [00:01:00] of microbial dark matter in which they have to characterized through relationships between 201 different genomes and identified some unique genomic features. Tonya and Chris, welcome to spectrum. Speaker 5: Thanks for having us. Thank you. Speaker 4: So Tanya, what is microbial dark matter? Speaker 5: We like to take life as we know it and put it in an evolutionary tree in a tree of life. And what this assists us is to figure out the evolutionary histories of organisms and the relationships between [00:01:30] related groups of organisms. So what does this mean? It's to say we take microbial diversity as we know it on this planet and we place it in this tree of life. What you will find is that there will be some major branches in this tree, about 30 of them, and we call these major branches Fila that are made up of organisms that you can cultivate. So we can grow them on plates in the laboratory, we can grow them in Allen Meyer, flask and liquid media. We can study that for CLG. We can figure out what substrates they metabolize, [00:02:00] we can figure out how they behave under different conditions. Speaker 5: Many of them we can even genetically modify. So we really know a lot about these organisms and we can really figure out, you know, how do they function, what are the genetic underpinnings that make them function the way they do in the laboratory and also in the environment where they come from. So now coming back to this tree of life, if you keep looking at this tree of life, uh, we will find at least another 30 off these major branches that we refer to as [00:02:30] Canada. Dot. Sila and these branches have no cultivators, representatives, so all the organisms that make up these branches, we have not yet been able to cultivate in the laboratory. We call these kind of dot, Fila or microbial dark matter. And the term dark matter. All biological dark matter has been coined by the Steve Craig Laboratory at Stanford University when they published the first genomes after a candidate, phylum TM seven. We know that dark matter is in most if not all [00:03:00] ecosystems. So we find it in most ecosystems, but to get at their complete genetic makeup. That's the key challenge. Speaker 4: Yeah. And if you, if you want to push it through the extreme, there are studies out there estimating the number of bacteria species they are and how many we can cultivate. And the result is all there. The estimation of the studies we can cultivate about, you know, one or 2% of all the microbial species out there. So basically nine to 9% is still out there and we haven't even looked at it. So this really, this major on culture microbes and majority is [00:03:30] still waiting out there to be explored. So that sort of carries on the analogy to cosmological dark matter in which there's much more of it than what we actually see and understand. Right. Speaker 5: So how common and how prevalent are, are these dark matter organisms? Yeah, that's a really good question. So in some environments they are what we would consider the rabbi biosphere. So they are actually at fairly low abundance, but our methods are sensitive enough to still pick them up. [00:04:00] In other environments. We had some sediment samples where some of these candidate file, our, actually what we would consider quite abandoned, it's a few percent, let's say 2% of opiate candidate phylum that to us, even 2% is quite abandoned. Again, you have to consider the whole community. And if one member is a 2%, that's, that's a pretty dominant community members. So I'd arise from environment, environment Speaker 4: and Chris, where were samples collected from? So altogether we sampled nine sampling sites all over the globe [00:04:30] and we tried to be as inclusive as possible. So we had marine samples, freshwater samples, sediment samples, um, some samples from habitats with very high temperatures and also a sample from a bioreactor. And there were a few samples among them that for which we had really great hopes. And among them were um, samples from the hot vans from the bottom of Pacific Ocean. The samples we got were from the East Pacific virus sampling side, and that's about 2,500 meters below the store phase. And [00:05:00] the sample there, you really need a submersible that's a small submarine and you can launch from a research vessel. In our case, those samples were taken by Elvin from the woods hole oceanographic institution and now you have a lot of full Canik activity and also the seawater seeps into the earth crust goes pretty deep and gets heated up. Speaker 4: And when it comes back out as a hydrothermal event, it has up to [inaudible] hundred 50 to 400 degrees Celsius. And it is enriched in chemicals such as a sulfur or iron. [00:05:30] It makes us immediately with the surrounding seawater, which is only about a two degrees Celsius. So it's a very, it's a very challenging environment because you have this gradient from two degrees to like 400 degrees within a few centimeters and you have those chemicals that uh, the organisms, the micro organisms could use blast. There is no sunlight. So we thought that's a very interesting habitat to look for. Microbial, dark matter. There were several samples. That's a to us. One of them is the Homestake [00:06:00] mine in South Dakota and that's an old gold mine that is not used anymore since 2002 but are there still scientific experiments going on there? It's a very deep mine, about 8,000 feet deep and we could all sample from about 300 feet. Speaker 4: And we were surprised about this Ikea diversity we found in those samples. There were a few Akia that were not close to any, I don't know another key out there for some of them. We even had to propose new archaeal Fila. Stepping back a bit, Chris, [00:06:30] can you tell us more about Ikea and perhaps the three domains of life? The three domains were really established by Culver's with his landmark paper in 1977 and what he proposed was a new group of Derek here. So then he had all together three domains. You had the bacteria and archaea and the eukaryotes, the eukaryote state. There are different one big differences to have the nucleus, right? They have to DNA in the nucleus and it also includes all the higher taxa. But then you have also their key and the bacteria. [00:07:00] And those are two groups that only single cell organisms, but they are very distant related to each other, the cell envelope, all. And also the cell duplication machinery of the archaea is closer to the eukaryotes than it is to the bacteria. Speaker 5: Yeah, and it's interesting, I mean Ikea, I guess we haven't sequenced some that much yet, but Ikea are very important too, but people are not aware of them. They know about bacteria, but Ikea and maybe because there aren't any RKO pathogen [00:07:30] and we'd like to think about bacteria with regards to human health, it's very important. That's why most of what we sequence are actually pathogens, human pathogens. So we sequence, I don't know how many strains of your senior pastors and other pathogenic bacteria, but archaea are equally important, at least in the environment. But because we rarely find them associated with humans, we don't really think about archaea much. Our people aren't really aware of Ikea. Speaker 4: Talk about their importance, Speaker 5: the importance [00:08:00] in the environment. So Ikea are, for example, found in extreme environments. We find them in Hydro Soma environments. We find them in hot springs. Uh, we, they have, they have biotechnological importance and not a lot of, quite useful in enzymes that are being used in biotechnology are derived from Ikea in part because we find them in these extreme environments and hot environments and they have the machinery to deal with this temperature. So they have enzymes that function [00:08:30] properly at high temperature and extreme conditions, really extreme on the commerce extreme or fields. And that makes them very attractive bio technologically because some of these enzymes that we would like to use should be still more tolerant or should have these features that are sort of more extreme. Um, so we can explain it them for a biotech technological applications. [inaudible] Speaker 6: [inaudible] [00:09:00] you are listening to spectrum on k l x Berkeley. I'm Rick [inaudible] and I'm talking with Kanya vulgate and Chris, her and Kate about using single cell genomics. You're expand our knowledge that the tree of life, Speaker 5: [00:09:30] so again, we called up a range of different collaborators and they were all willing to go back to these interesting sites, even to the hydrothermal vent and get us fresh sample. No one turned us down. So we, we, we screened them again to make sure they are really of the nature that we would like to have them and the ones that were suitable. We then fed into our single cell workflow. Can you talk briefly about that screening? There were two screens in waft. One screen was narrowing down the samples themselves and we received a lot more sample, I would say at least [00:10:00] three times as many sample as we ended up using. And we pre-screened these on a sort of barcode sequencing level. And so we down selected them to about a third. And then within this third we sorted about 9,000 single cells and within these 9,000 single cells, only a subset of them went through successful single cell, whole genome amplification. And out of that set then we were only, we were able to identify another subset. And [00:10:30] in the end we selected 200 for sequencing 201 Speaker 4: and how does single cell sequencing work? Speaker 5: So to give you a high level overview, you take a single cell directly from the environment, you isolate it, and there's different methodologies to do that. And then you break it open, you expose the genetic material within the cell, the genome, and then you amplify the genome. And some single cells will only have one copy of that genome. And we have a methodology, it's a whole genome amplification process that's called multiple displacement amplification [00:11:00] or MDA. And that allows us to make from one copy of the genome, millions and billions of copies. One copy of the genome corresponds to a few family or grams of DNA. We can do much with it. So we have to multiply, we have to make these millions and billions of copies of the genome to have sufficient DNA for next generation sequencing. Speaker 4: Are there other extreme environments that you guys didn't take advantage of in this study that might be promising? Definitely. Um, so we, [00:11:30] we created the list already off environments that would be interesting to us based on, you know, on the results from the last start in the experience we have with environmental conditions and the is microbes we've got out of it. So we're definitely planning to have a followup study where we explore all those, um, habitats that we couldn't include in this, uh, study. Speaker 5: So some examples of the Red Sea and some fjords in Norway and their various that were after Speaker 4: the, that the Black Sea is a very interesting environment too. It's, it's completely anoxic, high levels of sulfide [00:12:00] and it's, it's really, it's huge. So that's a very interesting place to sample too. And how historically have we come to this tree in the old days? And I mean the, the, the pre sequencing area, um, the main criteria that scientists use to categorize organisms whilst the phenotype. That's the, the morphology, the biochemical properties, the development. And that was used to put, uh, organisms into categories. And then with the dawn of the sequencing area, and that was [00:12:30] mainly, um, pushed by the Sanger sequencing, the development of the Sanger sequencing in the 70s. We finally had another and we could use and that was the DNA sequence of organisms. And that was used to classify and categorize organisms. Does a phenotyping still play a role in modern phylogeny? It still does play a role in modern philosophy in the, especially for eukaryotes. Speaker 4: Well you have a very significant phenotype. So what you do there is you can compare a phenotyping information with the [00:13:00] genomic information and on top of that even, uh, information from all the ontology and you try to combine all the information you have doing for, let's say, for the evolutionary relationships among those organisms in modern times, the phylogeny of bacteria, Nokia, it's mainly based on molecular data. Part of our results were used to infer phylogenetic relationships into the started. The evolutionary history of those microbes. We'll be, well do you have for the first time is we now have chine [00:13:30] ohms for a lot of those branches of the tree where before we only had some barcodes so we knew they were there, but we had no information about the genomic content and they'll seem to be hafted for the first time. We can actually look at the evolutionary history of those microbes and there were two, two main findings in our paper. Speaker 4: One was that for a few groups, the f the placement that taxonomic placement in the tree of life was kind of debated in the past. We could help to clarify that. For example, one group is they clock chemo needs [00:14:00] and it was previously published. It could be part of the farm of the spiral kids, but we could Cully show with our analysis that they are their own major branch entry of laughter or their own file them and a a second result. That's, I think it's very important that that's because they didn't share a lot of jeans with others. Bifurcates is that, that's, that's right. So if you placed him in a tree of life, you can see that the don't cluster close parakeets, they'll come out on the other side by out by themselves, not much resembling if the spark is there. And the second result was [00:14:30] that, uh, we found several of those main branches of the tree of life, those Fila the class of together consistently in our analysis. Speaker 4: And so we could group them together and assign super filer to them. One example is a sweet book, Zero Fila Debra Opa 11 or the one and Chino too, and also almost clustered together. So we proposed a super final name. Potesky and Potesky means I'm bear or simple. And we choose that because they have a reduced and streamlined genome. That's another common feature. [00:15:00] I'm Andrea and I, I have to say that, you know, looking into evolutionary relationships, it is, it is a moving target because as Tanya mentioned, especially for microbes and bacteria and like here, there's still so many, um, candidates that are out there for which we have no genomic information. So we definitely need way more sequences, um, to get a better idea of the evolutionary relationships of all the books. Your Nokia out there Speaker 6: [00:15:30] spectrum is a public affairs show about science on k a l x Berkeley. Our guests today are Tanya. Okay. And Chris Rink k you single cell genomics to find the relationships between hundreds of dark matter of microbes. Speaker 4: And can you speak to the current throughput? I would have thought that gathering up organisms in such extreme environments was really the time limiting factor. [00:16:00] But I suppose if you have this archive, other steps might end up taking a while. I will say the most time consuming step is really to to sort those single cells and then to lyse the single cells and amplify the genome and then of course to screen them for the, for genomes of interest for microbial like metagenomes [inaudible] that was a big part of the study. So actually getting the genomic information out of the single cells and if that can be even more streamlined than uh, and push to a higher or even more stupid level, I think [00:16:30] that will speed up the recovery of, of novel microbial dogmatic genomes quite a bit. Speaker 5: Well, we have a pretty sophisticated pipeline now at the JGI where we can do this at a fairly high throughput, but as Chris said, it still takes time and every sample is different. Every sample behaves different depending on what the properties of the samples are. You may have to be treated in a certain way to make it most successful for this application and other staff in the whole process that takes a long time is the key. The quality control [00:17:00] of the data. So the data is not as pretty as a sequencing data from an isolet genome where you get a perfect genome back and the sequence data that you get back is fairly, even the coverage covered all around the genome. Single cell data is messy. The amplification process introduces these artifacts and issues. It can introduce some error because you're making copies of a genome. Speaker 5: So errors can happen. You can also introduce what we call comeric rearrangement. That means that pieces of DNA [00:17:30] go together that shouldn't go together. Again, that happens during the amplification process. It's just the nature of the process. And on top of that, parts of the genome amplify nicely and other parts not so nice. So the overall sort of what we call sequence coverage is very uneven. So the data is difficult to deal with. We have specific assembly pipelines that we do. We do a sort of a digital normalization of the data before we even deal with the data, so it's not as nice. And then on top of that you can have contamination. So the whole process is very [00:18:00] prone to contamination. Imagine you only have one copy of a single cell, five Phantogram, one circle of DNA and any little piece of DNA that you have in that prep that sometimes as we know comes with the reagents. Speaker 5: Because reagents are not designed to deal with such low template molecules. They will call amplify, they will out-compete or compete with your template. So what you end up with in your sequence is your target and other stuff that was in was in the reagents or again, in your prep. We have very rigorous [00:18:30] process of cleaning everything. We you read a lot of things we sterilize, so we need to get rid of any DNA to not, um, to, to have a good quality genome in the end. And so that said, we have developed tools and pipelines at our institute now that specifically help us detect contamination. Sometimes it's not easy to detect it and then remove it. We want to make sure that the single cell genomes that we released at as single cell genome ABC are really ABC and not a plus x and [00:19:00] B plus k because accidentally something came along and contaminated the prep. And especially with candidate Fila, it's, it's fairly difficult to detect tech contamination because what would help us would be if we would have referenced genomes, we're actually generating this reference genome so we don't have a good reference to say, yeah, this is actually, that's our target organism and the rest is public contamination, so it's very tricky. Speaker 4: Are there other examples for [00:19:30] single cell sequencing being used on this many organisms Speaker 5: on this many organisms? No, not that I'm aware of. I know there's an effort underway and the h and p, the human microbiome project where they also identified there, they nicely call it the most wanted list, so they have the target organisms that are quite abundant in different microbiomes within the human body associated with the human body and they've been very successfully able to cultivate. A lot of them bring a lot of them in culture [00:20:00] and it may be easier for the h and p because we can mimic the conditions within the body a little bit better and more controlled. We know our body temperature and we know sort of what the middle year is in the different parts of our body. So it's a little bit easier to bring these organisms and culture than going to the hydrothermal vent and try and recreate these conditions which are extremely difficult to recreate. So that said, um, there are some that they are now targeting with single cell sequencing. So that's another large effort [00:20:30] that I know of that's specifically using single cell genomics to get at some of these reference genomes. Speaker 4: Can you get more out of this then? Sort of phylogenetic links? We found a few unique genomic features and one on one dimension is we found a recode. It's stopped caught on in, in two of those, a bacteria from the hot vans I mentioned earlier. And to give you a little bit of background, so, um, it's, we know the genetic information of each sale is and coded in its DNA, but in order to [00:21:00] make use of this genomic information, this genetic information has to be translated into proteins. And then proteins that could be enzymes that are employed in the metabolism to keep the cell going. And a dispensation is pretty universal between the three domains of life. The way it works, we have three basis in your DNA and three basis are called the core done. And each call is translated in the one amino acid. Speaker 4: So this way you'll build a chain of amino acids and then this chain is for a folder [00:21:30] and then you have your ready made protein. This call them triplet. This three basis also work for start and stop. So there are certain colons that tell the cell, okay, that's where you start a protein. And another called in to tell us the cell. So that's, that's where you enter prod and you're done with it. There are some slight variations, but in general does a universally called, is perceived between all three domains of life. And what we found was very interesting in two of those bacteria from the hot vans. Ah, those two caecilian bacteria, we found the [00:22:00] recording. So one of the accord on did not called for a stop code on anymore, but in the quarter's for an amino acid in that case, glycine. And that has never been seen before. Were you surprised by these results? Speaker 5: To us, they were surprising because they were unique and they were different. On the other hand, I have to say I'm not that surprised because we haven't, like Russ said, we haven't looked at heart yet and considering that we can only cultivate a few percent of all the microbial diversity that exists on this planet as far as, [00:22:30] as far as we know it, it's not that surprising that you find these novel functions and there's these unique features and novel genetic codes because it's really, it's a highly under-explored area. Speaker 4: It is very rewarding. But if you look in the future, um, how much is still out of the sequence? Of course we're interested in that. So we looked at all the files show diversity that's known, that's out there based on this, um, biomarkers that Tony mentioned earlier and we just compared it to the genomes that we have sequenced so far. And we really want [00:23:00] to know, so if you want to cover let's say about 50% of all the fall diversity that's out there, how many achievements do we still have to sequence and the number of the estimate was we need to sequence at least 16,004 more genomes Speaker 5: and this is a moving target. So this is as we know, diversity of today it and every day we sample my environments, we sequence them deeper and everyday our diversity estimates increase. So what we've done with these 201 it's the tip of the iceberg but it's a start. Speaker 4: [00:23:30] Well Tanya and Chris, thanks for joining us. Thanks for having us. Thanks for having us. Yeah. Speaker 6: [inaudible] that's what shows are archived on iTunes to you. We've queued a simple link for you. The link is tiny, url.com/calex Speaker 7: spectrum Speaker 8: irregular feature of spectrum is a calendar [00:24:00] of some of the science and technology related events happening in the bay area over the next two weeks. Here's Brad swift and Renee Rao here today. Majority tomorrow. Expanding technological inclusion, technological inclusion is not an issue for some of us. It is an issue for all of us. Mitchell Kapore, co-chair of [inaudible] center for social impact and a partner at Kapore capital. We'll moderate a panel discussion among the following [00:24:30] presenters, Jennifer r Guayle, executive director of Latino to Kimberly Bryant, founder of Black Girls Code Connie Mack Keebler, a venture capitalist with the collaborative fund. Vivek Wadhwa academic researcher, writer and entrepreneur here today. Majority tomorrow is free and open to everyone on a first come first seated basis. This is happening on the UC Berkeley campus in Soutar de Di Hall [inaudible] [00:25:00] Auditorium Monday October 7th at 4:00 PM Speaker 7: the second installment of the six part public lecture series, not on the test. The pleasure and uses of mathematics will be held this October 9th Dr. Keith Devlin will deliver a lecture on underlying mathematics in video games. Dr Devlin will show how casual video games that provide representation of mathematics enabled children and adults to learn basic mathematics by playing in the same way people [00:25:30] learn music by learning to play the piano. Professor Devlin is a mathematician at Stanford, a Co founder and president of Inner Tube Games and the math guy of NPR. The lecture will be held on October 9th at 7:00 PM in the Berkeley City College Auditorium located at 2050 Center street in Berkeley. The event is free and open to the public. Speaker 8: The Leonardo arts science evening rendezvous or laser is a lecture series with rotating barrier venues. October 9th there will be a laser [00:26:00] at UC Berkeley. Presenters include Zan Gill, a former NASA scientists, Jennifer Parker of UC Santa Cruz, Cheryl Leonard, a composer, Wayne Vitali, founding member of gamelons Sakara [inaudible]. This is Wednesday, October 9th from 6:30 PM to 9:00 PM on the UC Berkeley campus in barrels hall room 100 Speaker 7: how can we prevent information technology [00:26:30] from destroying the middle class? Jaron Lanier, is it computer scientists, Kim Poser, visual artist and author. October 14th linear will present his ideas on the impact of information technology on his two most recent books are title. You are not a gadget and who owns the future. The seminar will be held in Sue Taja, Dai Hall, but not auditorium on the UC Berkeley campus. Monday, October 14th from 11:00 AM to noon [00:27:00] and that with some science news headlines. Here's the Renee, the intergovernmental panel on climate change released part of its assessment report. Five last Friday. The more than 200 lead authors on their report included Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Michael Warner and William Collins who had a chapters on longterm climate change productions and climate models. The report reinforces previous conclusions that over the next century, the continents will warm [00:27:30] with more hot extremes and fewer cold extremes. Precipitation patterns around the world will also continue changing. One-Arm Collins noted that climate models since the last report in 2007 have improved significantly as both data collection and mechanistic knowledge have grown using these models. Scientists made several projections of different scenarios for the best, worst and middling cases of continued greenhouse emissions. Speaker 7: [00:28:00] Two recent accomplishments by commercial space programs are notable. Orbital Sciences launched their sickness spacecraft on September 18th a top the company's rocket and Tara's from wallops island, Virginia. On September 28th the Cygnus dock did the international space station for the first time, a space x rocket carrying and Canadian satellite has launched from the California coast in a demonstration flight of a new Falcon rocket. The next generation. Rocket boasts [00:28:30] upgraded engines designed to improve performance and carry heavier payloads. The rocket is carrying a satellite dead kiss IOP, a project of the Canadian Space Agency and other partners. Once in orbit it will track space weather. Speaker 2: Mm mm mm. Mm Huh. Speaker 7: The music [00:29:00] heard during the show was written and produced by Alex Simon. Yeah. Speaker 3: Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Address is [inaudible] dot [inaudible] dot com Speaker 9: [inaudible]. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Wednesday 20th February