Podcasts about Precipitation

This is episode 224 — the sound in the background is the weather - the other sound is the creaking of wagons as another great trek begins. We're going to trace the arc of Southern Africa's climate, beginning in the early 19th century, before turning to the decade under review — the 1860s — and following the path of the Griqua Great Trek into Nomansland. First let's get our heads around the cycles of drought and flood in southern Africa. The pernicious climate. As Professor Mike Meadows of UCT's Environmental Sciences Department observed back in 2002, South Africa's climate has long danced to an unpredictable rhythm — one marked by dramatic shifts in both rainfall and its timing. Precipitation follows a kind of cycle, yes, but one that keeps its own secrets. Some years bring bounty, others drought, and the line between the two is often sharp and sudden. The climate, in short, plays favourites with no one — and when it comes to rain, it can be maddeningly capricious. So while the calendar may promise a rainy season, it rarely tells us how generous the skies will be. The patterns are there — but the quantities? That's anyone's guess. South Africa, after all, is a land of dryness. Over 90 percent of its surface falls under what scientists call “affected drylands” — a polite term for places where water is scarce and the margins are thin. The rest? Even drier. Hyper-arid zones, where the land holds its breath and waits. And by the mid-19th century, much of this land was beginning to fray under the strain — overgrazed, overworked, slowly giving way to the long creep of degradation. South Africa's landscape is anything but simple. It's rugged, sculpted by time, with steep slopes and a dramatic stretch from the tropics to the temperate zone. But the story of our climate doesn't end on land. It's shaped by a swirling conversation between oceans and continents — a conversation held over centuries by systems with lyrical names: the Mozambique Channel Trough, the Mascarene High, the Southern Annular Mode, and the twin dipoles of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Then there's the heavyweight — the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO — which has long held sway over our rainfall and drought cycles. The dry was one of the motivations for another Great Trek about to take place. The Griqua's who'd been living in the transOrangia since the late 1700s began to question their position in the world. With the Boers now controlling the Free State, and Moshoeshoe powerful in Lesotho, it was time to assess their options. In 1861, the Griqua joined the list of mass migrations of the 19th Century. There had been the effect of the Mfecane, then the Voortrekkers, and now, the Griqua. Two thousand people left Philippolis to establish themselves in Nomansland, far to the east, past Moshoeshoe's land over the Drakensberg. The reason why historians like Cambridge's Robert Ross call it spectacular was the road that the Griqua cut for themselves across the high ridges of the mountains, a remarkable feat of engineering for the time.

This podcast series is part of the AASHTO Environmental Management technical service program operated by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. It explores a wide array of environmental topics that affect state departments of transportation and the infrastructure programs they oversee.Ken Kunkel – principal research scholar at the North Carolina Institute of Climate Studies at North Carolina State University – offers a wealth of knowledge on all things meteorology and extreme precipitation, including over 40 years of climate and precipitation research. He is an author on the third and fourth U.S. National Climate Assessments. He is also the lead author of the 2020 North Carolina Climate Science Report. He has published around 170 scientific journal articles and book chapters, mostly on climate variability and change.In this episode Kunkel discusses the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration or NOAA tool known as Atlas 15. The purpose of Atlas 15 is to produce extreme precipitation values that are used in design in infrastructure. Atlas 15 is also able to incorporate changing climate models when producing future data. He dives into how effective and accurate Atlas 15 is and how its data can improve the resiliency of infrastructure, particularly in the transportation sector. 

This Day in Iowa Weather History In 1911, unseasonably cold air brought rain mixed with snow across northwestern Iowa. Most snow melted on contact, but some locations reported accumulations: 1 inch at Denison, 1.5 inches at Alta and Lamars, 2 inches at Algona, Mason City, New Hampton, Onawa, and Rockwell City, 2.5 inches at Rock Rapids, and 4 inches at Elma in Howard County. 7-Day Weather Forecast Showers and thunderstorms are possible today, but the weekend will bring pleasant, San Diego-like weather: sunny skies and highs in the 70s. A quieter weather pattern is expected to settle in. Climate Outlook 8–14 Days (May 8–14): Strong likelihood of above-normal temperatures. The eastern half of Iowa leans slightly below normal for precipitation, while the western half is near normal-overall, a little dry and definitely warm. 3–4 Weeks (May 10–23): The outlook leans warm with equal chances for precipitation. Precipitation remains difficult to forecast due to the spring transition. May Monthly Outlook: Most of Iowa is likely to be warmer than normal. Precipitation is split: the northeast leans slightly drier, while the southwest has equal chances for above, below, or normal precipitation. Recent Weather Impacts On Monday, Iowa experienced very windy conditions (gusts up to 70 mph in Ames) but no tornadoes. The severe weather event was well forecasted in terms of risk areas, but many Iowans did not experience significant storms, leading to a perception of overhype. The lack of severe storms in Iowa was attributed to a strong atmospheric cap, cloud cover, dust, and wind alignment that prevented updrafts, despite all other ingredients for severe weather being present. Specialty Crop Impacts Winter Rye: Beginning to flower across Iowa. Growers can terminate rye reliably by mowing and tilling at anthesis (pollen shed). One grower plans to mow and bale rye for weed-free straw mulch. Overwintered Flowers: Iceland poppies are starting to open; dianthus are looking good. More flower updates are expected next week, ahead of Mother's Day. Greenhouse Tomatoes: Ripe tomatoes are being harvested in greenhouses in Grinnell and likely at some auction houses. Garlic & Aster Yellows: Growers are on watch for aster yellows phytoplasma, which devastated garlic crops last year, especially in northeast Iowa and neighboring states. Recent lab tests found rotted garlic cloves infected with pythium and rhizoctonia, not aster yellows. The likely cause was winterkill due to low snow cover, not disease. Spring-planted garlic had much higher survival. Management Advice: Rogue out yellow, weak garlic plants now to prevent potential spread of aster yellows by leafhoppers. Mulch and snow cover help protect overwintered garlic. Soil Testing: New online and spreadsheet tools are available for interpreting soil test results and generating fertilizer recommendations. MASC Payments: A new round of Market Assistance for Specialty Crops (MASC) payments has been announced. Growers should check with their FSA office for eligibility. Podcast summary generated using Perplexity.ai

The majority of the soil in South Dakota is coming into the 2025 spring planting season being very short or short of moisture. In this episode of Agriculture In-depth, SDSU Extension State Climatologist Laura Edwards says the rain expected during the last few days of April 2025 will help, but the U.S. Drought Monitor shows there's quite a bit of moisture deficit to make up for.

It's springtime, which means ducks are migrating north to their breeding grounds and hunters are wondering what they'll encounter when they get there. Dr. Scott Stephens joins Dr. Mike Brasher for an update on breeding habitat conditions across the prairies, boreal forest, and Alaska, including prognostications of what he expects to hear once the survey results are released later this year. And yes, Breeding Population surveys are expected to happen, but the long-term future is uncertain. Join this episode for early insights on what the ducks might be encountering and why maps still can't take the place of boots on the ground.Listen now: www.ducks.org/DUPodcastSend feedback: DUPodcast@ducks.org

Hey weather warriors! Dustin Breeze here, ready to tackle today's forecast like I used to tackle quarterbacks! We've got some seriously exciting meteorological action happening in New York City today, so buckle up!Currently, we're looking at a mostly cloudy day with temperatures holding steady around 53 degrees. That northeast wind is cruising at 6 to 9 miles per hour, and it's gonna swing southeast this afternoon - talk about a weather audible!Tonight's got a high probability of showers after 11 pm. We're talking cloudy conditions with temperatures rising to around 58 degrees by 4 am. That southeast wind will be running a solid 6 to 11 miles per hour. Precipitation chance is at 60 percent, with just a light sprinkle expected - less than a tenth of an inch. It's like the sky's doing a light warm-up drill!Let's dive into our Weather Playbook segment! Today, I want to break down the concept of wind direction. Wind direction tells us where the wind is coming from, not where it's going. So when we say "southeast wind", that means the wind is blowing from the southeast towards the northwest. It's like a defensive strategy, but for atmospheric conditions!Our three-day forecast is looking like a championship lineup:Tuesday: Partly sunny, high near 70 degrees. West wind 5 to 14 miles per hour.Wednesday: Mostly sunny, high near 69 degrees. North wind shifting to southwest.Thursday: Mostly sunny, high near 68 degrees.Friday's got a 30 percent chance of afternoon showers - keep those umbrellas on standby!It's gonna be WIIIIILD out there, folks!Thanks for listening, and for more info check out inception point dot ai. This has been a Quiet Please production - learn more at quiet please dot ai. Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast, and stay weather-ready!

The meteorology that causes atmospheric rivers is complex, but scientists at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) are working to help better predict them and understand what they mean for rainfall and snowfall across the state. Join CW3E Deputy Director Julie Kalansky to learn the causes and consequences of these rivers in the sky. Series: "Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series" [Science] [Show ID: 40658]

The meteorology that causes atmospheric rivers is complex, but scientists at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) are working to help better predict them and understand what they mean for rainfall and snowfall across the state. Join CW3E Deputy Director Julie Kalansky to learn the causes and consequences of these rivers in the sky. Series: "Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series" [Science] [Show ID: 40658]

The meteorology that causes atmospheric rivers is complex, but scientists at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) are working to help better predict them and understand what they mean for rainfall and snowfall across the state. Join CW3E Deputy Director Julie Kalansky to learn the causes and consequences of these rivers in the sky. Series: "Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series" [Science] [Show ID: 40658]

The meteorology that causes atmospheric rivers is complex, but scientists at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) are working to help better predict them and understand what they mean for rainfall and snowfall across the state. Join CW3E Deputy Director Julie Kalansky to learn the causes and consequences of these rivers in the sky. Series: "Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series" [Science] [Show ID: 40658]

The meteorology that causes atmospheric rivers is complex, but scientists at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) are working to help better predict them and understand what they mean for rainfall and snowfall across the state. Join CW3E Deputy Director Julie Kalansky to learn the causes and consequences of these rivers in the sky. Series: "Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series" [Science] [Show ID: 40658]

According to state officials and some recent news reports, the state of Washington is now facing another “drought emergency,” for the third straight year. But University of Washington professor of Atmospheric and Climate Science, Cliff Mass disagrees.

According to state officials and some recent news reports, the state of Washington is now facing another “drought emergency,” for the third straight year. But University of Washington professor of Atmospheric and Climate Science, Cliff Mass disagrees.

I had an optimistic thought about the effects of global warming, and I put it to the test with Dr. Meetpal Kukal.

Hey weather warriors! Dustin Breeze here, and boy do we have a forecast that's gonna knock your socks off! Today in the Big Apple, we're looking at a mostly cloudy sky that's gonna play some serious defense against our sunshine. We've got temperatures hovering around 49 degrees - which is basically a weather fumble between winter and spring. Winds are gonna be shifting from south to southeast, blowing about 8 to 13 miles per hour. Looks like Mother Nature is running her own pass play today!Let me break down our Weather Playbook real quick. Today, we're talking about wind direction shifts - it's like a quarterback changing tactics mid-game! When winds switch directions, they're bringing different air masses, different temperatures, and sometimes different moisture. Today's wind shift is gonna pull in some warmer, more humid air from the southeast. Meteorological magic, folks!Now, for our three-day forecast - and I'm gonna call these plays like I used to call offensive strategies:First Down - Friday: Rain is likely. We're looking at cloudy conditions, temperatures around 49 degrees, with an east wind around 11 miles per hour. Precipitation chance is 60% - that's like a solid blitz defense against dry weather!Second Down - Saturday: More rain incoming! Temperatures dropping to a chilly 46 degrees, northeast winds at 14 to 16 miles per hour. Precipitation chance is 80% - this is a full-on weather blowout!Third Down - Sunday: We're looking at a 30% chance of showers before 2 pm, with temperatures climbing to a pleasant 55 degrees.Bonus play - Monday looks mostly sunny with temperatures reaching 62 degrees. Talk about a weather comeback!It's gonna be WIIIIILD out there, folks!Thanks for listening, for more info check out inception point dot ai. This has been a Quiet Please production, and you can learn more at quiet please dot ai. Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast!

单词 “precipitation”、“deposition” 和 “sediment” 除了可以用来表达化学和地理中的 “沉淀，沉积” 这个概念，还在日常生活中有不同的用法。比如，天气预报就使用 “precipitation” 这个词来描述 “降水”。这些单词还有哪些常用的含义？听节目，学习这三个单词的用法。

Hey weather warriors! Dustin Breeze here, and let me tell you, today's forecast is about to tackle New York City like I used to tackle quarterbacks back in my football days!Welcome to another electrifying weather breakdown. Right now in the Big Apple, we've got a cloudy afternoon with just a 20 percent chance of rain. Temperatures are hovering near 51 degrees Fahrenheit with a northwest wind cruising around 10 miles per hour. It's like the sky is running a defensive play against sunshine!Tonight, we're looking at rain rolling in after midnight. We'll drop to around 41 degrees with a north wind about 9 miles per hour. Precipitation's got a high probability of about 80 percent - talk about a weather blitz!Now, let's dive into our Weather Playbook segment. Today, I want to break down the concept of precipitation probability. Think of it like football odds - a 20 percent chance means if we played this weather scenario 10 times, it might rain twice. Pretty cool, right?Three-Day Forecast Playbook:Monday: Rain before 2 PM, steady temperature around 42 degreesMonday Night: 40 percent rain chanceTuesday: Mostly sunny, temperature around 40 degrees with some serious west wind gusts up to 41 miles per hourFor my New York City friends, watch out for those wind gusts on Tuesday - they're gonna be hitting harder than a linebacker on game day!Quick local shout out - if you're near Central Park, maybe pack a light jacket and keep an umbrella handy. This weather's more unpredictable than a last-minute Hail Mary pass!It's gonna be WIIIIILD out there, folks!Hey, thanks for tuning in! If you've got weather questions, shoot them over to dustin@inceptionpoint.ai or check out inceptionpoint.ai for more meteorological magic.And remember, this has been a Quiet Please production. Want more behind-the-scenes weather action? Head to quietplease.ai!Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast and stay weather-ready!

It's eco-news time! And that means we're bringing the newsworthy stories that you might not hear on the nightly news. Join us as we cover an interesting honeybee story, DCNR's new plan, sightings of a rare bird, and bad news about rainfall in the northeast.

Hey weather warriors! Dustin Breeze here, coming at you with the most electrifying forecast in the Big Apple! Buckle up, because today's weather is going to be more dramatic than a goal-line stand in the fourth quarter!Right now, we've got a sunny situation that's looking as crisp as a perfectly thrown spiral. We're talking a high near 47 degrees with wind chill values dancing between 25 and 35 early in the day. Those northwest winds are going to be blitzing at 6 to 11 miles per hour, with gusts up to 21 miles per hour - it's like a defensive line of air currents out there!Let's dive into our Weather Playbook segment! Today, we're breaking down the concept of wind chill. Think of wind chill like a defensive coordinator scheming to make things feel colder than they actually are. When wind moves across your skin, it whisks away heat faster than a running back breaks through tackles. So even if the thermometer says one thing, the wind can make it feel like you're playing in a totally different climate! Meteorological magic, folks!Now for our three-day forecast - and I'm calling these plays like I used to call audibles on the field:First Down - Tonight: We've got rain incoming after 5 in the morning. Clouds are going to be blitzing in with a low around 40 degrees. South winds at 6 to 10 miles per hour, with gusts up to 22 miles per hour. Chance of precipitation? 60 percent! Talk about a weather blitz!Second Down - Monday: Rain is the name of the game, mostly before 2 in the afternoon. We're looking at a high near 56 degrees. Southeast winds running 7 to 14 miles per hour, with gusts up to 25 miles per hour. Precipitation probability? A whopping 90 percent! Better have those raincoats ready, team!Third Down - Tuesday: Mostly sunny with a high near 53 degrees. West winds between 8 and 14 miles per hour. It's like a perfect passing day!And hey, before I sign off - don't forget to subscribe to our podcast! We appreciate you tuning in more than a rookie appreciates his first playbook.Got weather questions? Shoot them over to dustin@inceptionpoint.ai or check out inception point dot ai for more meteorological magic.This has been a Quiet Please production - learn more at quiet please dot ai.It's gonna be WIIIIILD out there, folks!

Hey weather warriors! Dustin Breeze here, and boy do we have a forecast that's gonna make your meteorological muscles flex today! Alright, let's huddle up and break down this New York City weather playbook. Overnight, we've got some patchy drizzle doing a defensive formation with areas of fog. Think of it like a cloudy zone defense - temperature's gonna drop to a cool 45 degrees with a southeast wind around 7 miles per hour. Talk about a weather blitz!Now, let's talk Weather Playbook. Today, I'm gonna explain something called "advection fog" - and trust me, it's cooler than my old touchdown celebrations! Advection fog happens when warm, moist air moves over a cooler surface. It's like when a hot quarterback meets a cold defensive line - instant condensation! The warm air gets chilled out, creating those misty conditions you're seeing this morning. Boom! Meteorology magic!Our three-day forecast is looking like this offensive lineup: Thursday's gonna be a bit drizzly with a high near 53 degrees - southeast winds running 10 to 16 miles per hour. Thursday night? Get ready for a full-on precipitation blitz with showers between 8 pm and 2 am. Friday's bringing some northwest wind action - up to 28 miles per hour with potential gusts hitting 39 miles per hour. That's wind speed that'll make your hair do a quarterback sack!Weekend's looking pretty solid - partly sunny Saturday with temperatures climbing to 57 degrees, then Sunday brings us a crisp sunny day around 48 degrees.And hey, that's not rain coming Monday - that's the sky doing a victory dance! Precipitation chances are high, with temperatures reaching 55 degrees.It's gonna be WIIIIILD out there, folks!Hey, thanks for tuning in! Don't forget to subscribe to our podcast. Got weather questions? Send them to dustin@inceptionpoint.ai or check out inception point dot ai. This has been a Quiet Please production - learn more at quiet please dot ai!

Here is a weekly update on Idaho snowpack and projected water supply.

Ducks Unlimited Podcast: Season Wrap-Up Live StreamHosts: Dr. Mike Brasher, Katie Burke, Matt HarrisonLocation: Ducks Unlimited HQ, Memphis, TNPresented by: Purina ProPlan & Bird Dog Whiskey

Good morning, New York City! This is your weather forecast for Thursday, February 13th, brought to you with a blend of meteorological precision and a dash of local flavor.Overnight, we're looking at a rainy scenario with areas of fog. Temperatures will hover steadily around 39 degrees Fahrenheit, with east winds blowing around 14 miles per hour. Expect a near 100 percent chance of precipitation, with just a light sprinkle of less than a tenth of an inch.Moving into Thursday, rain will taper off before noon. We'll see temperatures climbing to a mild 48 degrees Fahrenheit. Winds will start light and variable, then shift to the west around 9 to 14 miles per hour in the afternoon. Watch out for gusts up to 25 miles per hour! Precipitation chances remain high, with between a tenth and quarter of an inch expected.Thursday night brings a dramatic shift mostly clear skies with temperatures dropping to around 31 degrees Fahrenheit. Wind chill will make it feel crisp, hovering between 20 and 25 degrees. Expect breezy conditions with west winds hitting 20 to 25 miles per hour.Friday looks sunny but chilly, with highs near 36 degrees Fahrenheit. Wind chill will persist between 20 and 25 degrees, and those northwest winds will keep things brisk at 15 to 21 miles per hour.Weekend warriors, heads up! Saturday brings a 90 percent chance of snow between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m., potentially mixing with rain. Temperatures will reach around 40 degrees Fahrenheit, with a possible light snow accumulation.Saturday night transitions to all rain after 7 p.m., with temperatures around 37 degrees Fahrenheit. Sunday continues the wet trend with rain and highs near 51 degrees Fahrenheit.A quick heads up about Monday, which will be Washington's Birthday expect a sunny day with temperatures around 30 degrees Fahrenheit.For more detailed information and the latest updates, check out the link in our show notes to the National Weather Service New York website.Thank you for listening and make sure to subscribe to never miss an update.

Hamlet Minassian - "Aï-Aï Heyveh Heyve" - Armenian Pop Music Bernard Parmegiani - "Métamorphose Du Vide" - La Création du Monde Ann Ricci & Andres Lewis-Richter - "Densidades" - Interpreta Obras Michael Barthel - "Untitled Tr.2" - Kaum Ennio Morricone - "Great Bird of the Sky" - Exorcist II: The Heretic Music Improvisation Company - "Third Stream Boogaloo" - Music Improvisation Company Kaino And His Afro-Percussion Group - "Spirits of the Night" - Fabulous Ping Pong Bongo Percussion DDAA - "Afin Qu'A Tout Jamais" - Ronsard S.P.K. - "Twilight of the Idols" - Auto-Da-Fé Neil Hamburger - "Comedy Fated From The Stars" - My Baby Does Good Sculptures (V/A) [Compilation CD with Bananafish Magazine.] 水族館オーケストラ - "美しきサフラン Oh! Là Là やすもの工作は江戸リズムとキャラメ" - Bright Young Aquarium Workers = 陽気な若き水族館員たち https://www.wfmu.org/playlists/shows/148692

The guys are back and ready to cover their Tulsa trip! Stoking the Fire Tulsa recap Chili Bowl Green Jacket winner Tire samples popped Tri County Race Track in North Carolina re-opening ASCS National tour drop race rule for 2025 World of Outlaws sprint cars adds to rookie class. Currently at 6 rookies Precipitation in Florida Bakersfield Speedway (Oildale) moves operations/events to Kevin Harvick's Kern Raceway Ultimate Sprint Car Series 2025 schedule is released Social media of the week - Scottie Mc visits Volusia "The Draft" (Ends around 28:00 minute mark) Feature Finish 39th annual Chili Bowl Nationals IMCA Winter Nationals finale at Central Arizona Raceway Lucas Oil late models @ Golden Isles Chowchilla Barn Burner Sunshine Nationals @ Volusia PJ Wiggins Memorial @ Ocala Speedway (Ends around 35:00 minute mark) The Smoke Meatball meal Papa Johns via Uber Eats Mom wanted Chinese food Pork Chops Mama T's Steakhouse

Winter storm arrives tonight • Tuesday and Wednesday are First Alert Weather Days. • A rare Winter Storm Warning is in effect for all of southeast GA and most of NE Florida (including Coastal Duval and Coastal Nassau counties). • Winter Weather Advisory overnight/early Wednesday for St. Johns and Eastern Putnam county. • Our message continues to be for people in the warning areas to plan to be home by sunset Tuesday and stay there until mid-day Wednesday out of an abundance of caution. • A mix of snow, sleet, and freezing rain will likely begin in inland SE GA between 5-7PM Tuesday, increasing in coverage/intensity there through the night. • Precipitation will start as a very cold rain across NE FL Tuesday evening with increasing potential for frozen precipitation to sink south into NE FL after midnight and before sunrise Wednesday. A few sleet pellets may mix-in with the rain after sunset. • Inland bridges and overpasses will be more susceptible to icing first, then other roads and highways that are untreated. • Ice could weigh down trees enough to result in some power outages. • Uncertainty still exists on how close to the coast of NE FL frozen precipitation will get. A brief period of freezing rain/sleet may arrive for Coastal Duval before or near sunrise Wednesday. • Please check and recheck the First Alert Forecast over the next 24 hours. • Precipitation quickly ends Wednesday morning after sunrise, with temperatures rising above freezing by mid-morning at which anything frozen will begin to melt. • Morning freezes appear likely through the remainder of the week. TODAY: Mostly cloudy with a few PM showers, becoming a wintry mix after sunset in SE GA. HIGH: 47 TONIGHT: Cloudy and cold. Winter weather increases. Low: 32 (20s well inland) WEDNESDAY: Wintry mix early, then clearing. Cold. 32/42 THURSDAY: Inland freeze, partly cloudy, an isolated shower. 30/47 FRIDAY: Morning frost/freeze, mostly sunny. 28/50 SATURDAY: Morning frost/freeze, mostly sunny. 27/52 SUNDAY: Inland freeze, mostly sunny. 35/62 MONDAY: Partly cloudy and warmer. 46/67

Chilly day ahead, winter storm expected to arrive Tuesday night • Starting off the day with some clouds in NE Florida and temperatures in the 30s • Many inland neighborhoods will dive down to freezing this morning through sunrise • MLK Day is turning partly sunny & cold with a bit of a breeze • We'll be back near or just below freezing inland on Tuesday morning, clouds increase through the day • Rain begins Tuesday evening, then will turn to sleet/freezing rain along & west of Hwy 301 overnight • Tuesday night & Wednesday morning are a FIRST ALERT WEATHER DAY • Precip appears to be mostly snow farther north in SE GA • Sleet/Freezing rain accumulations will generally be a quarter to a half inch, snow accumulation less 3” • Travel could still be treacherous due to ice accumulation near the FL/GA border and into SE Georgia • Some isolated power and tree issues may arise if the ice accumulations go above 0.25" north and west of Jacksonville. • It's possible that a few snow flurries form in Western Duval County if temps are colder than expected, but Jax should mainly see just rain & mix • It's a cold rain for most of NE FL south of I-10 with the exception of some wintry mix inland • Please check & recheck the First Alert Forecast over the next 24-36 hours • Precipitation moves out fairly quickly Wednesday with temps well above freezing during the day (should help melt anything frozen) • A few showers move in on Thursday • It gets really cold again with widespread frost & freezes the second half of the week into the weekend MLK DAY: Partly to Sunny, Chilly. High: 48 TONIGHT: Increasing clouds. Low: 32 TUESDAY: Cloudy, Evening Rain turning to Wintry Mix Inland. Snow in SE GA. 32/47 WEDNESDAY: Wintry Mix/Rain Early, Clearing. 32/45 THURSDAY: Partly Cloudy, A Few Showers. 33/50 FRIDAY: Inland Freeze, Partly Sunny. 31/53 SATURDAY: AM Frost/Freeze, Mostly Sunny. 27/55 SUNDAY: Inland Freeze, Mostly Sunny. 35/656

Wx Headline: Wet weekend turning cold again next week • Cold morning to start Friday with some spots down to freezing • It's going to be a nice day with sun & clouds, daytime highs will still be a tad cool in the 60s • This weekend, it's gonna rain • An isolated shower or two will lift up tonight & early tomorrow ahead of better rain chances • Saturday starts mainly dry, but then rain picks up in the afternoon • Plan on rain through at least Sunday morning, with a few showers lasting through the afternoon • Some spots may get 1-2” of rain when all is said & done Sunday evening • MLK Day turns sharply colder with freezing morning temps and highs only in the 40s • Precipitation will try to work its way in late Monday into Tuesday • Long-range forecasts show rain on Tuesday during the day, turning into mixed precip in SE GA Tuesday night • Confidence is low about sleet & snow at this time, but we'll know a lot more the next few days TODAY: Mostly to Partly Sunny, Cool but Nice. High: 65 TONIGHT: Becoming Cloudy, Isolated Shower. Low: 46 SAT: Cloudy & Pleasant, Scattered Afternoon Showers. 46/69 SUN: Scattered Morning Showers, Some Clearing. 56/64 MLK: Turning Sunny, Windy & Much Colder. 32/45 TUE: Becoming Cloudy with A Few Showers & Mixed Precip. 32/45 WED: Rain & Mixed Precip Early, Some Clearing. Chilly. 35/48 THU: Partly to Mostly Cloudy. 33/60

In the face of climate uncertainty, growers wonder which grape varieties will flourish in their regions in the future, or if any will grow there at all. Joel Harms, Ph.D. student in the Department of Bioresource Engineering at McGill University in Australia is using artificial intelligence to simulate the potential to grow pinot noire in different regions of the world that are currently considered too cool. The project mapped 1,300 varieties to 16 different points of climate data including temperature, precipitation, and growing degree days. The findings could play a crucial role in identifying the winegrowing regions of tomorrow. Resources:         207: Managing Catastrophic Loss in Vineyards: Lessons from Cyclone Gabrielle in New Zealand Cal-Adapt Development of a generative AI-based model for guiding grape variety selection under contemporary climate dynamics Generative AI for Climate-Adaptive Viticulture Development Joel Harms Google Scholar Page Mapping Global of the Potential for Pinot Noir Cultivation under Climate Uncertainty using Generative AI University of Adelaide Wine Economics Research Center Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:00] Beth Vukmanic: In the face of climate uncertainty, growers wonder which grape varieties will flourish in their regions in the future, or if any, will grow there at all. [00:00:13] Welcome to Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic, Executive Director. [00:00:23] In today's podcast, Craig McMillan, Critical Resource Manager at Niner Wine Estates, with longtime SIP certified vineyard and the first ever SIP certified winery. Speaks with Joel Harms, PhD student in the Department of Bioresource Engineering at McGill University in Australia. [00:00:42] Joel is using artificial intelligence to simulate the potential to grow Pinot Noir in different regions of the world that are currently considered too cool. [00:00:52] The project mapped 1, 300 varieties to 16 different points of climate data. including temperature, precipitation, and growing degree days. The findings could play a critical role in identifying the wine growing regions of tomorrow. [00:01:07] Want to be more connected with the viticulture industry but don't know where to start? Become a member of the Vineyard Team. Get access to the latest science based practices, experts, growers, and wine industry tools through both infield and online education so that you can grow your business. Visit vineyardteam. org and choose grower or business to join the community today. Now let's listen in. [00:01:34] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today is Joel Harms. He's a PhD student in the Department of Bioresources Engineering at McGill University. And today we're going to talk about mapping global future potential for Pinot Noir cultivation under climate uncertainty using generative AI. [00:01:51] Bye. Bye. This is a really interesting topic. I came across an abstract from a recent ASEV meeting and I was like, I just have to know more about this. This just sounds too interesting. But welcome to the podcast, Joel. [00:02:04] Joel Harms: Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you for having me. [00:02:06] Craig Macmillan: What got you interested in this topic in terms of this wine grape region? Stuff. [00:02:12] Joel Harms: I think it was more about I wanted to build models that are useful, I guess, broadly useful in vineyard management and like establishing new vineyards and like kind of covering some of the base problems. Initially, my thought was, how can we. see which grape varieties are alike. [00:02:32] How can we like make a representation of them in like a latent space. But then I found out , if I do that, that's, you know, somewhat useful, but if I take that just a step further, I could just connect it with climate data already. And then we would have a model that could, be used for prediction and it would be so I guess. How do I say like broad or general enough so that you could apply it in any environment. So like any climate can be used to predict any grape suitability matrix, which is quite nice. And so then I thought, no, let's do it. Let's try that. [00:03:11] Craig Macmillan: So your colleagues and yourself did some simulations, as we just mentioned specifically around Pinot Noir and the potential to grow it in different parts of the world that currently are considered too cool. Tell us exactly how you went about this. [00:03:25] Joel Harms: The abstract is kind of a case study on one application of, These models that we built. So we built very general grape variety recommender systems based on climate. And so we wanted to show a cool application globally. This can be applied to find regions that will be too hot in the future. [00:03:43] So we built the AI models first starting from looking at where grapes are grown and tying that together with what climate is there regionally. Unfortunately, you know, we can't use like very precise climate data because we don't have the exact location of each grape variety in each region. [00:04:02] Craig Macmillan: hmm. Yep. [00:04:03] Joel Harms: Yeah. So therefore, we use larger climate data. So like at 50 kilometer resolution, which is still helpful to, I think, gather overall trends, not so much, you know, to plan an individual vineyard probably, but just to see like in which areas maybe there would be. in the future interesting vineyard sites. [00:04:23] Just like kind of as like a pre guidance sort of model. And then we, tested it. We tried to validate this model and then we presented a first case study with Pinot Noir because we were presenting in Oregon at the ASEV conference. So I figured, you know, might as well do Pinot Noir if we're already in Oregon. [00:04:43] Craig Macmillan: Can you explain to me the artificial intelligence piece of this? I mean, you hear about it and you know, kind of what different types of AI do. I don't think a lot of people realize that, you know, that's a very general concept and people have designed particular tools for particular reasons. [00:05:01] So, in this case, what exactly was the AI component? What's inside the box, basically? How does it work? [00:05:07] Joel Harms: First off, I guess to explain for listeners , cause AI does get thrown around a lot and it's hard to know what that actually means. So when we're talking about AI, it's usually we're tying some sort of input data to some sort of output data. And we're teaching a very complicated mathematical function to map one to the other. [00:05:25] So like kind of a correlation. But it's not a simple correlation. That's why we need these models and that's why they're pretty fancy. [00:05:31] So in our case, we're using an AI that was inspired from the community of medical science, where similar models were used to connect, for example, the ECG measurements of a heart with like scans of the heart. [00:05:50] And then Trying to tie both of those datas together and to reconstruct them again to see if, like, you could find correlations between those and maybe if one of them is missing, you could, , predict what it would look like. And so, since this is a very similar problem, , and we have similar input data in the sense of, we have grapes, which grapes are grown where, and we have what is the climate there, roughly. [00:06:13] So we can tie that together and try to connect both of those types of data and then get an output of both of those types of data so that we can go from grapes to climate and climate to grapes in the same model. So we have these , you could say like four models. that are tied together at the center. So input grapes, input climate, then in the center where they get tied together and then output grapes, output climate. And so we train it to, reconstruct it from this combined space where we like, Scrunch it down, which is what the autoencoder does. [00:06:48] Craig Macmillan: So if, if I understand correctly, what we're talking about is , we know that we have the data and we know where wine grapes are grown, different types for different climates. Then we have the climate data in terms of how things may change over time. And then we're creating a prediction of. How those climates change, and then translate that into what we already know about wine grapes. [00:07:09] Joel Harms: Sort of. Yeah. But in our model for training, we just use the existing ones. So historical climate data and historical grape variety data. Once we have that model trained, we just apply it for new climates that come from like other climate models. So we don't do the climate modeling ourselves, but we extract that information and feed that into it and get the grape varieties output. [00:07:31] Craig Macmillan: So you look specifically, at least reported on areas that currently are considered too cold for growing a high quality pinot noir or growing wine grapes in general. What did you find out? What Parts of the world might be the new leading Pinot Noir regions. [00:07:46] Joel Harms: . So that depends a little bit on the exact scenario and how much the climate is supposed to warm. We have like two scenarios is what we looked at. We looked at a 8. 5 scenario and a 2. 6 scenario and going by the 8. 5 scenario, some of the regions that are improving are for example, Western China. And also Southern California, actually, and Quebec, , like Southern California is in Santa Barbara. I guess that's technically Central Coast, [00:08:17] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, well, that's interesting There's a lot of Pinot Noir in Santa Barbara County in the in the coastal zones Any other regions that popped up? [00:08:26] Joel Harms: Yeah, a lot of Australia seems to be doing better and like Northern France, [00:08:31] Craig Macmillan: Yeah pushing it to the north. Did England pop up? [00:08:35] Joel Harms: England, yes, but England seems to like stay the same in compared to historical. So not like as if it's improving, at least like from this, like rough map that we made. What we want to do is do it a bit more finely. The, this prediction, because we currently just used regions where wine is already grown, but then try to like interpolate just for calculation efficiency. Outward. So like our maps are created not only by the model itself, because that would be too calculation intensive. So for the, for the sake of simplicity, we did it like this, but we're still writing the final paper. So, you know, don't invest just yet, wait a little bit and then, [00:09:17] Craig Macmillan: I was gonna bring that up. Where should I put my money? [00:09:19] Joel Harms: Exactly. So don't do that yet. Wait for the final paper and then we will double check everything over. Oh yeah. Arkansas was one that was improving too. Very interestingly. Yeah. [00:09:28] Craig Macmillan: I was kind of surprised because having talked to guests, many guests from, you know, New York, from Texas, from people who consult in the Southwest Northern California, which can get quite warm. What we've talked about is the question of it getting too hot to grow quality wine grapes. [00:09:49] You know, wine grapes will grow to tolerate quite high temperatures. So, for instance, the San Joaquin Valley in California, produces a lot of wine grapes. They're not considered to be very high quality compared to coastal zones. So the vines do great and produce good crops and all of that. So there's concern that areas that have been kind of in the sweet spot, kind of in the, we call it the Goldilocks phenomenon where climate, soil, time, everything just all kind of fits together. [00:10:12] It sounds like this idea would be applicable to predicting what areas might become too warm for high quality wine [00:10:19] Joel Harms: Yes. Yes. It's definitely the case. Yes. And in our maps. You can see both at the same time because it sees like relative change, positive, relative change to, to negative. Some areas that look like they're not going to do so well in the future or less good in the future, even though they're like really good right now is like Oregon, unfortunately. [00:10:39] And the Azores or Northern Spain, even in Eastern Europe, a lot of areas. Seem to be warming up like in Romania at the coast. Not necessarily just the warming up part, but also because we consider 16 different climate variables, it could be the warming up part, but it could also be, you know, like the precipitation changing things like that, you know. [00:10:59] Craig Macmillan: You said 16 variables, we talked, you got temperature, you got precipitation, what, what are some of the others? [00:11:04] Joel Harms: Yeah, we got the growing degree days, the winter index, we got the Huggins index, we have radiation. Diurnal temperature range, the annual average temperature, for the precipitation, we have it like a three different scales, in the harvest month over the growing season and also throughout the whole year same for the temperature. And then we have the, growing indexes [00:11:26] Craig Macmillan: do you have plans to do this kind of thing again? Or publish additional papers from the work you've already done, because I think, it sounds like you've got a lot of interesting findings, [00:11:35] Joel Harms: Oh yeah. Yeah. The results only came in like right before the conference. We're still analyzing everything, writing everything. So the first thing that's coming up is a paper just on , how did we build the model and like all the validations and does it make sense with like expert classifications of how experts classify suitability for grapevines and things like that in the past to see if. That lines up as it should yeah, and then after that we'll publish some of these predictions and what we can learn from these and more detailed than how we did it right now where, most of it's like interpolated because we couldn't predict for every location, so like we predicted for some locations and interpolated. Just for computational efficiency, I guess, but you know, we're, we're getting there. Unfortunately, academia is quite you know, a slow profession. takes a lot of time. [00:12:24] Craig Macmillan: Yes, yes it does. And then getting it published takes a lot of time with reviews and whatnot. And so I just want to put a time stamp on this. This is being recorded in October of 2024. So, Give it some months, at least several, several, several, several. But it's exciting. This stuff's coming out. It'll be in, be in the literature. That's really, really great. [00:12:43] Joel Harms: And soon what we're trying to do is also release like a tool or something that, you know, where people can input their location and we can, our climate data, like call out the climate data and see what, what some of the predictions would be. Yeah. [00:12:57] Craig Macmillan: Oh, that's neat. [00:12:59] Joel Harms: I might've done that for Niner Vineyards just now to see, to see what, what's a suitable there, but only the current ones. [00:13:08] So I mean, it's kind of is exactly what you're growing. [00:13:10] Craig Macmillan: Funny. You should mention that. There is a a website called CalAdapt that allows you to put in some ranges and some variables specific to your location, you put your location in, and then there's a number of different models that you can run. Some are very conservative, some are not in terms of what the predictions are for climate change globally. [00:13:31] And then gives you a nice report on what the average temperature change might be in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius also takes a stab at precipitation, although I talked to somebody who was connected to that and they said the precipitation is always kind of questionable. And also looks at things like heat waves, how many heat waves days over 100 or days over 95, you might expect because those can be quite fluctuating. [00:13:55] damaging. Even, even though vines can tolerate heat, if they're not acclimated, getting these big stretches of over a hundred, for instance, can be kind of stressful. I did that and kind of looked at it myself and thought, huh, I wonder if we had better, more, um, detailed information, what that might look like. [00:14:12] Another tool that was mentioned that you used was a deep coupled auto incoder networks. What are those? [00:14:18] Joel Harms: So that was what I described earlier, like these component models , where we have a. The encoder and decoder part, the input part is the , encoder and the output part is the decoder. And in the middle of these we have a latent space and then the coupled part means that we're having multiple of these that share their latent space. [00:14:38] So that's , where we're tying them together so that we can input either climate or grapes and get as outputs either climates or grapes. So it's like very, very flexible in that way and so I quite like that. And it turns out it does better than even some more traditional approaches where you just feed in climate and get out grapes like from a neural network or something like that. [00:14:59] Just like a neural network, because we have technically like four neural networks and all of them have three layers. So that's three layers or more. And so that's what makes them deep. [00:15:08] Craig Macmillan: Got it. [00:15:09] Is this your primary work as a PhD student? [00:15:13] Joel Harms: Well, as a PhD student, I'm still working on modeling. But not so much with grapevines, unfortunately. I'm looking at still climate models. How can we adapt for example, now we're looking more at the Caribbean. There's flooding issues. Particularly in Guyana. And so we're trying to, you know, help maybe the government to plan land use better in order to avoid, you know, critical areas being flooded, agricultural land being flooded and these type of things. [00:15:41] So it's more looking at flooding modeling, there's definitely some overlap in that sort of work, it's definitely still like in the area of using data science to help decision making which is the overall theme of this work. [00:15:55] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, and that was something that also came up in my little mini project was the potential for massive storms and also the potential for drought. Which, wasn't part of your work at this stage. Is that something that you would be able to find a way of including in your modeling that might give you some idea of how things might change? [00:16:15] And it's specifically what I'm thinking of is Cyclone Gabriel, I believe it was called, Gabriella just devastated parts of New Zealand. And raised a lot of concern about how, you know, when we were in these coastal zones, we go, Oh, yes, it's mild. It's great. But we're right near the ocean. [00:16:33] Right. And in October between 24, we've seen a very active hurricane season in the Caribbean and on the East coast and the Gulf. Do you think there's potential for this kind of thing to give us more of a heads up about what might be coming our way in terms of massive storm events? Cause that might affect how and what I do. [00:16:52] Joel Harms: I guess this wouldn't depend really on the grape variety itself. That would be more like a citing issue, right? Like where do you plant? [00:16:58] That's what we're looking at now with the like flooding mapping if there is a storm, where does the water collect? Which roads are cut off? Or, I mean, I guess in the case of vineyards, you could look at like, what would be the likely damage would there be now saltwater maybe even if you're depending on where you are. That's definitely something to look at. [00:17:17] All you need is sufficient, like past data points. So you can calibrate your models and then. You know, look at different future scenarios and what will be important to for the future is to look at what's kind of the certainty of these predictions, right? Like, what are your error margins? What's your confidence interval? [00:17:33] Because that might drastically alter your decisions. If it says, oh, it's probably not going to be too bad, but you're very uncertain about that, then you're probably going to take some more precautions than, you know, not because usually now we have A lot of models where their prediction is very, like is deterministic. [00:17:50] So they say, this is how it will be. And it's hard to tell where, you know, where those margins are of error, which is something to look at in the future for sure. [00:18:01] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, that is a challenge in the the model that I did for a Paso Robles vineyard Precipitation didn't really change very much which I was surprised by so it wasn't gonna become like a drought area completely but the potential ranged from five inches of rain a year to 60 inches of rain a year, which is why I was asking about these massive storms. [00:18:21] Maybe our averages, continuous to what we have now, but it may be a bunch of craziness year to year around that. And I think that is interesting and useful to know. So you prepare for it. [00:18:34] Joel Harms: that's something people are looking at, I think cause you can use some models to calculate sort of new climate indices. To see like from daily data train, like new climate indices to see these big storm events and things like that, and maybe incorporate that. That could help, , maybe with that sort of analysis of where even if it's the same average, the index is different because it measures something else. [00:18:59] Yes, I wouldn't know what they're called, but yes, I believe this already exists and is being improved. . [00:19:05] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. Yeah. With your experience so far, what do you see? Because everybody's talking about this. It's like the future in a world of artificial intelligence and this and that. In this particular area where you're, you're tying one set of variables to climate variables and also to historical weather. [00:19:23] In the big picture, beyond just wine grapes, but in the big picture, any topic, where do you see this kind of work going? You touched on it a little bit, when you close your eyes and open your mind what does the future look like? What, kind of tools are we going to have and what kind of things are we going to be able to find out? [00:19:38] Joel Harms: Yeah, that's interesting. I think it, it really depends on the data we have available and it looks like we'll have more and more data available. [00:19:47] So better disease models, location specific disease models to plan spray schedules better and things like that, they seem to be coming. I think I've seen parts of that already from some companies rolling out. [00:20:00] It's all about kind of the creatively using the data that you have available, because a lot of like my data, for example, that I used for this. This isn't necessarily new data, right? This comes from the University of Adelaide who collects where, which grape varieties are grown all over the world. [00:20:17] And then just historical, climate data. It's not very new, but just to put these together in a meaningful way with AI, that's going to be the challenge. And then also to test, is this reliable or not? Because you could theoretically predict almost anything, but then you need to check, is it just correlation? [00:20:39] Am I taking all the important variables into account? And we're developing AI very, very fast. But maybe we need to spend a bit more time, you know, trying to validate it, trying to see how robust it is, which is a major challenge, especially with these complicated models, because, I heard about this example. [00:20:57] Where in the past, for some self driving cars, their AI that recognized stop signs could be tricked if there was a sticker on the stop sign, and it would ignore the stop sign. Even though there's not a big difference, but you can't test for, you know, all of these cases, what might happen. And that's kind of the same for, , what we are doing. [00:21:17] So improving the testing, that would be, I think, a major A major goal to make sure it's robust and reliable or that it tells you how, how certain it is, you know, then at least you can deal with it, you know, and not just make a decision off of that. Yeah, [00:21:29] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. What the level of uncertainty is. That's always the getcha. [00:21:33] Joel Harms: yes, [00:21:34] Craig Macmillan: That's always the hard part. If you had one thing that you would tell growers on this topic, what would it be? Mm [00:21:43] Joel Harms: Specifically for my models, it would be to take the current results with a grain of salt. And then to sort of use this to, narrow down like a selection of grapes and to still run tests and things like that. Cause it's regional data, right? It's not going to tell you exactly what you should grow in your location. [00:22:02] Cause it's, you know, the weather data is based on four to 50 kilometers around you. You know, that's where we're like assembling the data from. [00:22:10] Craig Macmillan: that a 50 kilometer quadrant? [00:22:12] Joel Harms: yes. Yeah. [00:22:13] Craig Macmillan: Yep. Okay. Gotcha. [00:22:14] Joel Harms: Yes, exactly. So this tool is mainly used or useful if you use it to like pre select some varieties so you can see what might be good, you know, and then decide for yourself what you want. [00:22:27] The take home message is like, it's not supposed to take away grape growing experts and things like that, or replace them in any way, but it's supposed to like support it because. There's so many grape varieties and if climate regions or like regions where we're growing grapes are changing, where the climate is changing, we want to get the best choice. [00:22:47] And so we should probably look at all of them, all of our available options and see what we can do. It will narrow it down for you. And then, you know, you'll still have to see what works exactly for you. What wine do you want to produce? I mean, it doesn't take that into account, right? It just gives you what probably would grow well here. [00:23:03] Craig Macmillan: . [00:23:03] Yeah, then I think that there's going to be a future also in bringing in some either hybrid varieties or varieties that are not terribly well known. I've talked to people from Texas and from Michigan Pennsylvania, where the traditional vinifera only varieties don't do pretty well. Terribly well, often because of cold hardiness because of cold winters, they don't handle it, but there's hybrids that do great and make interesting wine. [00:23:27] And I think that would be an interesting thing to include in a model or if it came out kind of like the winner was something we don't normally [00:23:33] Joel Harms: Right. Usually we have a lot of hybrids in this because we have 1, 300 varieties. [00:23:39] Craig Macmillan: wow. Oh, I didn't realize that. [00:23:41] Joel Harms: so I think we have most of the. commercially used grape varieties, like in all aspects. [00:23:48] Craig Macmillan: yeah, probably, probably. [00:23:49] Joel Harms: Yeah. So it's quite, quite far ranging. We only excluded some where it was never more than 1 percent of any region, because then like our model couldn't really learn what this grape variety needs. [00:24:00] Right. Because it's like too small, even in the largest region where it we cut those out. So, cause else we would have 1700. But then like the 1300 that actually get used commercially at a significant scale. Those we have. The model is actually built like we have a suitability index. [00:24:18] But we're still trying to, , fine adjust so that we can rank not just what's popular and like how much will grow. Cause then you'll always get, you know, the top, the top 10 will look very similar for any region. But then through the suitability index, we actually get a lot of these smaller varieties that would fit very well also ranked in the top 10 or in the top 50 of varieties. [00:24:41] Craig Macmillan: They've mentioned fine tuning the model at this point. Is this particular project or this particular model, is this gonna continue on into the future? It sounds you have ideas for improvements. Is this number one gonna continue on into the future and is there gonna come a point when This will be available for the industry, industries internationally to do their own trials. [00:25:03] Joel Harms: Yes, I think so. So I think when we're publishing the paper latest at that point, we'll have the tool set up where people can try it out, put in, in their location. And I guess we're publishing the methodology. So you could build like a version of this yourself. It's not too crazy. Probably code will be published too. [00:25:24] So, you know, you could build this yourself if you wanted to, or you could just use the models we have trained already. Okay. And just apply them to your case. That's what the tool is for. . Right now it's like all code based. So like, it's not, not so easy where you just, drop your pin, like where you're at and then it gives you some predictions, , that's what we're aiming for. [00:25:44] Craig Macmillan: Fantastic. So our guest today has been Joel Harms. He is a PhD student in the Department of Bioresource Engineering at McGill. University. Thanks so much for being on the podcast. This is really fascinating. I'm really looking forward to how this work progresses. And I think it's very eyeopening for us. [00:26:01] Again, you know, one of the things I thought was fascinating is I've had all these conversations about areas that would no longer be suitable, but a flip on it and say, well, areas that might be suitable in the future. I hadn't thought of that. [00:26:12] Joel Harms: Why not? You [00:26:13] Craig Macmillan: why not? You know, that's, that's, that's a very interesting question, and it applies to other crops as well. [00:26:18] I just had never really thought about it like that. You know, maybe you can grow oranges in Iowa at some point. [00:26:23] Joel Harms: That, that would be nice. I guess. [00:26:25] Craig Macmillan: maybe [00:26:26] Joel Harms: maybe see. [00:26:28] Craig Macmillan: we'll see. We'll see. You never know. Anyway, Joel, thanks for being on the podcast. I appreciate it. [00:26:33] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. Today's podcast was brought to you by Cal West Rain. Since 1989, Cal West Rain has served growers on California's Central Coast and the San Joaquin Valley. As a locally owned, full line irrigation and pump company, they offer design and construction experience in all types of low volume irrigation systems, whether they're for vines, trees, or row crops. [00:27:03] In addition, CalWestRain offers a full range of pumps and pump services, plus expertise in automation systems, filtration systems, electrical service, maintenance and repairs, equipment rental, and a fully stocked parts department. Learn more at CalWestRain. com. [00:27:23] Make sure you check out the show notes for links to Joel, his research articles, plus sustainable wine growing podcast episode 207. Managing Catastrophic Loss in Vineyards, Lessons from Cyclone Gabriel in New Zealand. If you liked this show, do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing, and leaving us a review. [00:27:44] You can find all of the podcasts at vineyardteam.org/podcast, and you can reach us at podcast at vineyardteam.org. Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard Team.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

Plus, people who have to be outside on Thursday are urged to layer up, and Texas Gov. Greg Abbott says the state's power grid is more reliable than it's ever been.

Precipitation in Cortez in December was “horrendous.”

Welcome to Crown Ministries International's Podcast. We pray as you listen, that you are encouraged, edified and uplifted. Happy new year from Crown Ministries International . In this first sermon of 2025, Bishop Jonathan Shaw preached from the story in 1st Kings 18, which tells of Elijah posturing himself in anticipation of receiving rain from the hand of the Lord. He didn't get up from his posture until he seen the promise. Which tells us, when you are postured for purpose, you will be in the position of power. We pray you enjoy this message and stay tuned for more sermons in the new year! Speaker: Bishop Jonathan Shaw Sermon: "Postured For Precipitation" Scripture: 1st Kings 18:41-46 Date: January 05, 2025 If you loved what you've heard, and want to sow into Crown Ministries so we can continue bringing you Crown on-the-go, click this link ⁠https://bit.ly/2UIHajn⁠ OR Text CMI to 28950 and follow the prompts. If you've accepted Jesus Christ as your Lord and Savior today, text SAVED to 40691, we want to walk you through the best decision you've ever made. Stay blessed, and stay tuned for more episodes on Crown Ministries International's Podcast, available wherever you listen to your favorite audio content. Thank you for connecting with us!

Episode Title: 15-42 12 Hours of Calming Precipitation: A Study CompanionDescription:In this soothing episode of "Be Calm and Relax Podcast," we immerse ourselves in the gentle ambiance created by 12 hours of calming precipitation. Discover how the serene sounds of rain can serve as the perfect backdrop for studying or unwinding after a hectic day. We discuss the benefits of incorporating these natural rhythms into your study routines to enhance focus and relaxation.Take a moment for yourself and let the tranquil sounds of rainfall ease your mind, providing a peaceful escape from life's daily demands. It's in these serene moments that we find balance and relaxation.Join us next time as we continue to explore more ways to achieve peace and tranquility in our lives.DISCLAIMER

Low pressure of 29.6 tracks from the Southern High Plains to Mid-Atlantic area. Precipitation of a convective nature is occurring even on its cold side bringing thundersnow to areas that don't normally see this. Portions of Kansas will be seeing it's heaviest snowfall in 60 years as 12+ inches falls within a relatively short period of time. Storm starts to develop a negative tilt as it brings in strong Arctic air on its back side while copious gulf moisture feeds into the system. Areas that receive 0.5 inches of ice or more could expect to see at least some power outages. This storm will impact many major cities across states in the central U.S. to Mid-Atlantic. This includes St.Louis, Cincinnati, Baltimore and even Washington D.C. where 5 to 10 inches is currently forecasted. This episode discusses all this in more detail. In addition this episode discusses an impactful lake effect snow event that may set itself up over portions of the Chicago area and Southeast Wisconsin tonight and tomorrow Monday 1/6. Stay safe. And to our weather enthusiasts and snow lovers- enjoy! Children from Kansas to Washington D.C. will likely celebrate as all schools are likely to be canceled. This is due to this being a relatively southern storm- impacting cities that are not as equipped to handle these snowfall totals (as opposed to Chicago).Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/weather-with-enthusiasm--4911017/support.

Joe's Premium Subscription: www.standardgrain.comGrain Markets and Other Stuff Links-Apple PodcastsSpotifyTikTokYouTubeFutures and options trading involves risk of loss and is not suitable for everyone.

Joe's Premium Subscription: www.standardgrain.comGrain Markets and Other Stuff Links-Apple PodcastsSpotifyTikTokYouTubeFutures and options trading involves risk of loss and is not suitable for everyone.

Our first widespread snow for some comes to an end today with blustery weather on the way.

On this special episode, Dr. Mike Brasher visits with Jay Anglin, DU Waterfowl 360 Migration Editor for the Great Lakes, and Mark Holley, chief meteorologist for WSAW-TV in Wausau, Wisconsin, about recent changes to weather conditions, bird movements, and hunter success across the Great Lakes. After a slow season across much of the region, Anglin reports that activity in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio is finally “heating up” thanks to a weather system that is bringing colder temps and windier conditions. Holley gives the meteorological details around what's driving the change and gives an optimistic report that we may see unsettled weather and colder temperatures continuing into early December. The timing couldn't be better for southern and mid-latitude duck hunters! Happy Hunting, y'all!Listen now: www.ducks.org/DUPodcastSend feedback: DUPodcast@ducks.org

Send us a textIn this conversation, Rudy Stankowitz delves into the thermodynamics of calcium carbonate precipitation, a significant challenge in pool maintenance, and discusses strategies for diversifying revenue streams in the pool service industry. He explains the science behind calcium carbonate scale formation, emphasizing the importance of managing water chemistry to prevent issues. Additionally, he explores high-margin services such as pool automation and safety equipment installations, highlighting their potential for increasing profitability and customer retention.takeawaysCalcium carbonate precipitation is a major issue in pool maintenance.Understanding thermodynamics can help manage scale formation.The solubility product constant is crucial for predicting calcium carbonate precipitation.Maintaining balance in water chemistry is essential to prevent scaling.Diversifying revenue streams can protect against market volatility.High-margin services can significantly boost profits in pool service.Pool automation systems are increasingly in demand among homeowners.Safety equipment installations are a critical need in the market.Educating clients on the value of premium services is essential.Marketing high-end maintenance packages can attract affluent clients.Sound Bites"the bane of pool maintenance everywhere""calcium carbonate decides to crash the party""It's all about balance, like a seesaw" AquaStar Pool ProductsThe Global Leader in Safety, Dependability, & Innovation in Pool Technology.POOL MAGAZINE Pool Magazine is leading up to the minute news source for Swimming Pool News and Pool Features. OuBLUERAY XLThe real mineral purifier! Reduce your pool maintenance costs & efforts by 50%CPO Certification ClassesAttend your CPO class with Rudy Stankowitz!the 'How to Get Rid of Algae' handbookThe most comprehensive guide on algae prevention and remediation you will ever own. Online Pool ClassesThe difference between you and your competition is what you know!Jack's MagicIf you know Jack's you'd have no stains!RaypakRaypak, leading the evolution of environmental efficiency and sustainability in pool heaters.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the showThank you so much for listening! You can find us on social media: Facebook Instagram Tik Tok Email us: talkingpools@gmail.com

Overview of the Grain Market, Part 1 Overview of the Grain Market, Part 2 Waiting on Precipitation   00:01:05 – Overview of the Grain Market, Part 1: Dan O'Brien, K-State grain economist, and Guy Allen, the senior economist at the IGP Institute at K-State, start the show today as they provide a domestic and international look at the grain market. The pair give an overview of factors impacting the market as well as conversing about corn, grain sorghum, soybeans and wheat and how numbers have changed for Kansas and foreign markets.   00:12:05 – Overview of the Grain Market, Part 2: Dan and Guy continue their grain market conversation. Dan O'Brien on AgManager.info WASDE Report   00:23:05 – Waiting on Precipitation: Ending the show is K-State meteorologist Chip Redmond with a weather forecast. He discusses if we can be expecting any cooler or wetter conditions.       Send comments, questions or requests for copies of past programs to ksrenews@ksu.edu.   Agriculture Today is a daily program featuring Kansas State University agricultural specialists and other experts examining ag issues facing Kansas and the nation. It is hosted by Shelby Varner and distributed to radio stations throughout Kansas and as a daily podcast.   K‑State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well‑being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K‑State campus in Manhattan

First Alert Meteorologists Grant Dade and Cassie Campbell explain their opinions on the Probability of Precipitation.  Why is works and doesn't work when it comes to predicting rain.

Duck hunters are obsessive weather watchers, as it influences everything from large-scale migration to local movements and habitat use. In this episode, Dr. Mike Brasher welcomes Skot Covert, chief meteorologist at CBS 5News Fort Smith-Fayetteville, AR, and Chance Gotsch, meteorologist at ABC17 Columbia, MO, to discuss early season forecasts for the upcoming fall and winter. Recorded on September 16, 2024, Skot and Chance provide an education on La Nina, El Nino, and how they influence the weather we experience. Although the outlook isn't great for southern hunters, wild cards in play, so tune in for the details.www.ducks.org/DUPodcast

After 4 years of extended drought, spring and summer rains finally provide relief to the US and Canadian prairies, but what does it mean for the fall flight? Dr. Scott Stephens joins co-hosts Chris Jennings and Dr. Mike Brasher for a mid-July update on breeding habitat conditions across the prairies and boreal forest. Because much of the rain came after ducks had settled and managers expect a relatively small breeding population count, waterfowlers probably shouldn't expect a banner crop this fall. Nevertheless, renesting and brood survival should benefit, and wetland conditions heading into fall will be better than they've been in years.www.ducks.org/DUPodcast

"Precipitation forecast and warning for the first 10 days of July" Aeri.This item has files of the following types: Archive BitTorrent, Item Tile, Metadata, PNG, Spectrogram, VBR MP3

Over the last two winter seasons atmospheric rivers have impacted California and the west with extreme precipitation and the cascading consequences of these events. The meteorology that causes atmospheric rivers is complex, but scientists at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) are working to help better predict them and understand what they mean for rainfall and snowfall across the state. Join CW3E Deputy Director Julie Kalansky to learn how scientists are researching the causes and consequences of these rivers in the sky, and are working to understand the impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of these amazing weather phenomena. Series: "Jeffrey B. Graham Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series" [Science] [Show ID: 39649]

Missing equipment and inexperience led to a plane crash that killed 3. Precipitation, turbulence, and icing were factors in the crash of a Piper PA-30 Comanche in Oklahoma. The pilot did not have an instrument certification and was not able to handle the conditions.The pilot had a private pilot and multiengine rating but did not have instrument training. Todd Curtis, Miles O'Brien, and John Goglia discuss what may have driven the pilot to fly into deteriorating weather. “Getting there” seems to have been the focus rather than planning and preparation.The pilot was cruising at about 8,500 feet and climbed to as high as 16,500 feet. While the aircraft could provide supplemental oxygen, the equipment to use that system was not on board.The pilot likely climbed to escape a storm. He flew to an altitude where supplemental oxygen was required. The plane crashed and all 3 people on board were killed.Related Documents are available at the Flight Safety Detectives website. Don't miss what's to come from the Flight Safety Detectives - subscribe to the Flight Safety Detectives YouTube channel, listen at your favorite podcast service and visit the Flight Safety Detectives website. Music: “Inspirational Sports” license ASLC-22B89B29-052322DDB8

Today we hear from our partners at KUER about wildfire risks despite heavy precipitation in Utah the last two years. We also hear from KSUT about a federal program to remediate coal mines on the Navajo Nation. And we finish with a story from Aspen Public Radio about cuts to the music departments at Carbondale schools.

Reports of recent rain in the Dakotas and Canadian Prairies have stirred optimism among duck hunters already looking forward to the fall. How much rain fell, was it enough to fill wetlands, and did it arrive in time to benefit breeding ducks? Long-time guest Dr. Scott Stephens joins Dr. Mike Brasher and Katie Burke for a mid-May update on habitat conditions across the U.S. and Canadian prairies. Also discussed are continuing drought in the Boreal Forest and predictions for the 2024 waterfowl breeding population. Will they be up or down from 2023? Listen to find out what our team has to say.www.ducks.org/DUPodcast

  Have you ever wondered how floods occur? Or maybe what happens when we get too much snow? Today's guest has the answer! Robin Fox, a surface hydrologist with the National Weather Service, is here to chat with us about things precipitation, most of all what to do if you get too much. Lot's of great weather information here for anyone who is interested in meteorology.  #sciencepodcast #sciencecareers #stempodcast #stemcareers #womeninstem  Every episode of this award-winning science podcast for kids takes you behind the scenes of a scientist, engineer, or experts day. Packe with fun facts, intriguing information, and lots of laughs, this podcast aims to educate as well as inspire. The best part is that each episode gives our listeners a challenge to learn more. This week's challenge: Measure and keep track of how much precipitation falls this week. Compare your results to your local meteorologists. Were they the same?  Find more information on our website www.solveitforkids.com      

Systems employed to artificially induce rain have come under scrutiny amid record-breaking rainfall and heavy flooding in the United Arab Emirates. Large Emirati cities, including Dubai, have seen rainfall levels beyond anything on record, with data going back to 1949. And amid this, many people are wondering whether the floods were impacted by anomalies from so-called cloud-seeding technologies that are used to induce precipitation. In this live Q&A with Crossroads host Joshua Philipp, we'll discuss this topic and others, and answer questions from the audience. Views expressed in this video are opinions of the host and guests, and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.    ⭕️