Podcasts about citrobacter

In this episode, Martin talks to Cansu Cimen, a researcher at University Hospitals Groningen in the Netherlands, about a recent paper that documents an outbreak and in particular the critical role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in tracking and controlling the transmission of MDROs via contaminated duodenoscopes. Focusing on an outbreak linked to ESBL-producing Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), standard culture methods failed to detect contamination. After many negative cultures using established methods, destructive dismantling of the implicated scope revealed contamination on hard-to-clean components, highlighting NGS as an effective tool for identifying pathogen transmission pathways. Cimen C, Bathoorn E, Loeve AJ, Fliss M, Berends MS, Nagengast WB, et al. Uncovering the spread of drug-resistant bacteria through next-generation sequencing based surveillance: transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales by a contaminated duodenoscope. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024;13(1):31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-024-01386-5. Download the paper here

In this episode, Martin talks to Cansu Cimen, a researcher at University Hospitals Groningen in the Netherlands, about a recent paper that documents an outbreak and in particular the critical role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in tracking and controlling the transmission of MDROs via contaminated duodenoscopes. Focusing on an outbreak linked to ESBL-producing Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), standard culture methods failed to detect contamination. After many negative cultures using established methods, destructive dismantling of the implicated scope revealed contamination on hard-to-clean components, highlighting NGS as an effective tool for identifying pathogen transmission pathways. Cimen C, Bathoorn E, Loeve AJ, Fliss M, Berends MS, Nagengast WB, et al. Uncovering the spread of drug-resistant bacteria through next-generation sequencing based surveillance: transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales by a contaminated duodenoscope. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024;13(1):31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-024-01386-5. Download the paper here

“The root of most gastrointestinal issues, including IBS, SIBO, and IBD, is an imbalance in the gut microbiome. Effective treatment starts with comprehensive testing, followed by targeted interventions including diet adjustments, supplements, probiotics, and addressing factors like stress and autoimmunity.”Many people suffer in silence with chronic gut issues, struggling for years with bloating, gas, and unpredictable bowel movements.These aren't just uncomfortable symptoms; they're potential signs of underlying conditions like IBS, IBD, or SIBO that can significantly impact overall health and daily life.Despite trying numerous treatments, lasting relief often remains elusive, leading to frustration and disrupted well-being.If you've been on this challenging journey, know you're not alone in your search for answers.Lindsey Parsons, a certified health coach specializing in gut health and autoimmune diseases,  shares her expertise on managing these conditions. Having overcome her own digestive struggles, she discusses the complexities of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and its widespread impact, personalized dietary strategies and targeted supplements for gut healing, and natural approaches to balancing gut bacteria. If you've been feeling stuck and hopeless about your gut health, this conversation might just be the breakthrough you've been waiting for.Show Highlights: 00:00 - Episode Start00:57 - Lindsey's personal journey with gut health issues04:52 - Why finding experts in IBS, IBD, and SIBO can be challenging05:49 - Different causes of gut problems: bacterial overgrowth vs. autoimmune issues07:25 - Signs you might have SIBO and what to do if you suspect you have it10:55 - Why personalized diets matter for different gut conditions12:41 - Realistic timelines for treating SIBO and other gut issues16:14 - Useful antimicrobial treatments to discuss with your doctor21:19 - Addressing meat intolerance and nutrient deficiencies in gut health24:00 - Alternative protein sources for those who can't tolerate meat27:11 - Important questions to ask your practitioner about SIBO treatment31:37 - Understanding the differences between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and irritable bowel disease (IBD)36:45 - Key steps in addressing inflammatory bowel diseases37:10 - The IBD-AID diet: A phased approach to managing inflammatory bowel disease39:14 - Exploring peptide therapies for gut health41:14 - The pros and cons of spore-based probiotics in gut healing protocols47:10 - How to connect with Lindsey for personalized gut health guidanceImportant Links: Gutsy Health Website - https://www.mygutsyhealth.com/Gutsy Health Podcast IG - https://www.instagram.com/gutsyhealthpodcast/Reach out to Provo Health and schedule a consultation with Dr. Jeff Wright by calling 801-691-1765Connect with Lindsey Parsons on:Website - https://highdeserthealthcoaching.com/The Perfect Stool Podcast - https://highdeserthealthcoaching.com/the-perfect-stool/Gut Healing Facebook Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/gut.healing.for.you/Recommended Supplements Serum Bovine Immunoglobulin (SBI) Powder and Tributyrin-Max - https://perfectstool.com/Links/Resources Mentioned:Mind Your Gut by Kate Scarlata - Send us a Text Message.

If you have been following my discussions in this Defiant Health podcast or in my blog, DrDavisInfiniteHealth.com, or my Super Gut book, you know that I have been arguing that there is an epidemic of SIBO going on in the U.S., an epidemic involving every 1 in 2 people. It is an epidemic responsible for an astounding amount of health struggles. The more we all come to understand small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or SIBO, the more you have to appreciate all the varied ways this situation can show itself. First of all, for those of you unfamiliar, what is SIBO? SIBO refers to the situation in which modern people, due to exposure to multiple courses of antibiotics and other disruptive factors, have lost hundreds of beneficial bacterial species in our colons. These beneficial species were responsible for suppressing the proliferation of unhealthy microbial species, mostly fecal microbial species such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Citrobacter. The loss of beneficial microbes allows unhealthy fecal species to proliferate, then ascend up from the colon where they originated and into the 24-feet of small intestine. The small intestine is poorly-equipped to deal with this invasion of fecal microbes. The small intestine is, by design, permeable, since that is where the bulk of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and amino acids are absorbed. But trillions of fecal microbes in the small intestine, microbes that live for only a few hours, live and die and release their toxic components that can gain access to the bloodstream. One of the primary toxic components is called endotoxin. When endotoxin enters the bloodstream, that's called “endotoxemia” and endotoxemia is now recognized to be the primary way in which gastrointestinal microbes are able to exert effects tin every organ of the body. It means that SIBO and thereby endotoxemia can be experienced as a wide variety of health problems and diseases. So, in this episode of Defiant Health, let's discuss whether this is a situation that applies to you or to someone close to you and what steps you can take to undo these harmful effects.For BiotiQuest probiotics including Sugar Shift, go here.A 15% discount is available for Defiant Health podcast listeners by entering discount code UNDOC15 (case-sensitive) at checkout.*_________________________________________________________________________________Get your 15% Paleovalley discount on fermented grass-fed beef sticks, Bone Broth Collagen, low-carb snack bars and other high-quality organic foods here.* For 12% off every order of grass-fed and pasture-raised meats from Wild Pastures, go here.*Dr. Davis and his staff are financially compensated for promoting BiotiQuest and Paleovalley products.Support the showBooks: Super Gut: The 4-Week Plan to Reprogram Your Microbiome, Restore Health, and Lose Weight Wheat Belly: Lose the Wheat, Lose the Weight and Find Your Path Back to Health; revised & expanded ed

3.04 Gram Negative Bacteria   Microbiology review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam.   Gram negative bacteria are characterized by a thin cell wall surrounded by a lipid outer membrane They do not retain the violet gram stain and appear pink after staining Gram negative bacteria can be classified by shape: cocci, coccobacilli, bacilli, and spirals Gram negative cocci include Neisseria species, which can be further categorized as maltose fermenters or non maltose fermenters Gram negative coccobacilli include: Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella, Francisella tularensis, Brucella, and Acinetobacter Gram negative bacilli can be divided into lactose fermenting and non lactose fermenting categories Lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli include: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia Non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli can be further divided into oxidase positive and oxidase negative Oxidase positive non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli include Pseudomonas Oxidase negative non lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli include Shigella, Yersinia, and Salmonella Gram negative spirals can be divided into oxidase positive and oxidase negative categories Oxidase positive gram negative spirals include Vibrio species, Helicobacter pylori, and Campylobacter jejuni Oxidase negative gram negative spirals include Borrelia burgdorferi (cause of lyme disease) and Treponema pallidum (cause of syphilis)

Çocuklarda ateş yüksekliği acil servislerde sık karşılaştığımız bir durum olup, çoğunlukla viral enfeksiyonlara bağlıdır. Ancak tedavi yönünü tamamen değiştirecek bakteriyel enfeksiyonlara bağlı nedenleri de gözden kaçırmamak gerekir. Çocuklarda ateşin yaklaşık % 7'si idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarından (İYE) kaynaklanır. Uzun dönemde böbrek hastalıklarına da yol açabilecek bu tabloya acilci gözüyle yaklaşmak istedim. Yazıda yenidoğan dönemi dışındaki çocukluk çağı idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarından bahsedilmiştir. Keyifli okumalar dilerim. ​1​ ​2​ ​3​ Giriş İYE'nin genel prevalansı ateşli çocuklar arasında yaklaşık % 7 olsa da özellikle üç aydan küçük sünnetsiz erkek çocuklarda en yüksektir. Kız çocuklarda İYE sünnetli erkek çocuklara kıyasla iki ila dört kat daha fazla görülür. E. coli, % 80 oranıyla İYE'nin en yaygın bakteriyel nedenidir, diğer gram negatif bakteriyel patojenler arasında Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter ve Citrobacter bulunur. Gram-pozitif bakteriyel etkenler arasında Staph. saprophyticus, Enterococcus ve nadiren Staph. aureus yer alır. E. coli dışındaki bir nedenle enfeksiyon, daha yüksek renal skar (dolayısıyla hipertansiyon ve son dönem böbrek hastalığı) olasılığı ile ilişkilidir. Virüsler ve mantarlar çocuklarda İYE'nin yaygın olmayan nedenleridir. Viral İYE genellikle alt üriner sistemle sınırlıdır. Fungal İYE için risk faktörleri, immünsüpresyon, geniş spektrumlu antibiyotik tedavisinin uzun süreli kullanımı ve kalıcı üriner kateter varlığıdır. Kime Test Yapalım? Nasıl Değerlendirelim? Verilmesi gereken ilk karar kimden idrar testi isteyeceğimizdir. Bu konudaki ilk zorluk küçük çocukların karın ağrısı, sırt ağrısı, dizüri, sık idrara çıkma gibi İYE ilişkili semptomları tanımlayamamasıdır. Bu gruptaki çocuklarda ateş, kusma ve huzursuzluk gibi non-spesifik semptomlar görülür. İYE olasılığını tahmin edebilen ve Pittsburg Üniversitesi'ne ait ‘UTICalc' hesaplayıcısı, idrar testi isteme konusundaki yardımcılardan biridir. Peki kimlerde risk fazladır ve dolayısıyla test eşiği düşük tutulmalıdır? Geçirilmiş İYE öyküsü Kadın cinsiyet Küçük yaş 1 yaşından küçük sünnetsiz erkekler > 39 derece ateş 48 saati geçen ateş Kusma Başka net bir ateş kaynağı olmaması Bağırsak ve mesane disfonksiyonu (kronik kabızlık dahil) VUR başta olmak üzere genitoüriner anormallikler Peki örnek nasıl alınmalıdır? Tuvalet eğitimi olmayan çocuklarda dipstick analizi, mikroskobik inceleme ve idrar kültürü için tercih edilen idrar toplama yöntemi kateterizasyon veya suprapubik aspirasyondur. Deneyimli personel varlığında quick-wee gibi teknikler kullanılabilir. Steril idrar poşeti ile örnek alınacaksa kültür için kullanılmamalıdır. Poşet örnekleri, dipstick analizi ve mikroskobik inceleme için ilk adım olarak kullanılabilir. Tuvalet eğitimi olan çocuklarda tüm bu tetkikler için orta akım idrarı kullanılabilir. Tüm idrar örnekleri alındıktan sonra yanlış sonuçlara sebebiyet vermemek için mümkün olan en kısa sürede incelenmelidir. İYE tanısı için kullanılan karakteristik testler. Kaynak: uptodateLE: lökosit esteraz Kimi Hastaneye Yatıralım? Kimi Taburcu Edelim? Hastaneye yatırılması gereken hasta grupları şu şekilde özetlenebilir: Yaş

Join Jame and Callum and they discuss some of the other Enterobacterales Gram negatives. Particularly breaking down them into their families and into Lactose fermenters and non-fermenters. Jame has a small breakdown around our Twitter handle near the end.Comments suggestions and criticisms to idiotspodcasting@gmail.com or @IDiots_pod Some lists:Chromosomal AmpC Carriers (high-risk): HECK YES·         Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella aerogenes, Yersinia enterocoliticaLower Risk Chromosomal AMPC: Vulgar Providencia Store AMPC·         Proteus Vulgaris, Providencia, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Morganella, Providencia Intrinsic Colistin Resistance: ·         Burkholderia cepacia (Nonfermenter), Proteus, Providencia, Serratia Biochemical mimics of Salmonella (also can group)·         Hafnia, Morganella,Proteus Cat 3 organisms: ·         Salmonella typhi/paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, E.coli O157, Yersinia PestisSome useful resources:SMI ID 16: identification of Enterobacteriaceaehttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/smi-id-16-identification-of-enterobacteriaceae Janda JM, Abbott SL. 2021. The changing face of the family Enterobacteriaceae (order: “Enterobacterales”): new members, taxonomic issues, geographic expansion, and new diseases and disease syndromes. Clin Microbiol Rev 34:e00174-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00174-20 

All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. --- Download My Candida Diet & Cleanse Guide Free Mobile App: IOS: https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/candida-diet-cleanse-guide/id1553653763 Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.candida.crusher *New* Candida Diet Cleanse and Detox Planner Planner: https://amzn.to/3C9lH7u --- Subscribe to Eric Bakker - The Naturopath All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. --- FOLLOW Eric Bakker - The Naturopath: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/CandidaCrusher Twitter: https://twitter.com/ericbakker Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ericbakker.ND?ref=tn_tnmn

All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. --- Full video of this episode: https://youtu.be/VeJZU1OKQIw --- Download My Candida Diet & Cleanse Guide Free Mobile App: IOS: https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/candida-diet-cleanse-guide/id1553653763 Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.candida.crusher *New* Candida Diet Cleanse and Detox Planner Planner: https://amzn.to/3C9lH7u --- Subscribe to Eric Bakker - The Naturopath All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. --- FOLLOW Eric Bakker - The Naturopath: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/CandidaCrusher Twitter: https://twitter.com/ericbakker Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ericbakker.ND?ref=tn_tnmn

All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. --- Full video of this episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z2bjHyeeNE --- Download My New Candida Diet & Cleanse Guide Free Mobile App: IOS: https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/candida-diet-cleanse-guide/id1553653763 Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.candida.crusher --- Subscribe to Eric Bakker - The Naturopath All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. FOLLOW Eric Bakker - The Naturopath: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/CandidaCrusher Twitter: https://twitter.com/ericbakker Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ericbakker.ND?ref=tn_tnmn

All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. --- Full video of this episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XORyPwsky8Y --- Download My New Candida Diet & Cleanse Guide Free Mobile App: IOS: https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/candida-diet-cleanse-guide/id1553653763 Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.candida.crusher --- Subscribe to Eric Bakker - The Naturopath All of your most burning questions on candida and diet answered by New Zealand Naturopath of 30 + years! In each bite-size episode, you'll get practical tips you can follow right away to improve your health and lifestyle. So go ahead and binge listen. FOLLOW Eric Bakker - The Naturopath: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/CandidaCrusher Twitter: https://twitter.com/ericbakker Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ericbakker.ND?ref=tn_tnmn

Anne joined us to talk about her incredible research career and her experience of returning to research after an 8 year break, through the Janet Thornton fellowship. She also shares incredible insights into life with twins and the balance she has found. Here are some resources that you might find useful after listening to our conversation with Anne: Returning to Research The Janet Thornton Fellowship, facilitating a return to research for people who took a career break of a year or more for family, health or caring reasons: https://www.sanger.ac.uk/about/equality-in-science/janet-thornton-fellowship/ The Daphne Jackson Fellowship, which is a national University-based scheme that, like the Wellcome Sanger Institute Janet Thornton Fellowship, offers opportunities to return to research after a career break (of at least two years in this case) again for family, health or caring reasons. https://daphnejackson.org/about-fellowships/ Literature Anne's only microbial genomics paper so far supported by other members of Gordon Dougan's lab and colleagues at the Wellcome Genome Campus at the time, as well as Salmonella strains provided by Jeremy Farrar when he was in Vietnam and lots of Southern blots by a talented undergraduate project student Sara Jenks, who went on to study medicine: https://jb.asm.org/content/187/7/2469.long Putting Salmonella onto Anne's precious tissue culture cells resulted in this publication comparing adhesive properties of Salmonella enterica subspecies I Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid, and Salmonella enterica subspecies I Typhimurium, which causes gastroenteritis in immun-competent humans: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18599820/ Anne's research into in vitro phenotypes of Citrobacter rodentium from mouse stool, which was a joyful collaboration with Dr Siouxsie Wiles in Gad Frankel's lab: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457907002286?via%3Dihub Anne's work in the Camilli lab in the USA on Vibrio cholerae outer-membrane vesicles as a cholera vaccine tested in mice, in collaboration with Dr Stefan Schild and wonderful colleagues at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh where she spent a month working with rice water stool from patients: https://iai.asm.org/content/78/10/4402.abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256948/ Anne's foray into immunology in the infant mouse model, work carried out with support from a talented technician Bharathi Patimalla: https://iai.asm.org/content/82/6/2434.short Multiples Advice for people with multiples - Anne recommends finding a local Club for peer support, some of which are listed by the National Charity Twins Trust, which has loads of brilliant resources: https://twinstrust.org/ If you have premature births or sick children the charity Bliss is an amazing support: https://www.bliss.org.uk/ Music: 'Lion' by Sapajou Free download: bit.ly/3q6w8mW --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/decoding-life-pod/message

When it comes to the gastrointestinal tract, we often focus on the balance of the commensal bacteria to optimize health. But, if that balance is interrupted, or the microbiome is lacking, some of the bacteria can overgrow. At higher levels of growth, patients can experience symptoms. There are also some important disease associations with overgrowth of specific species. Because of this potential, we designate these aerobic bacteria as potential pathogens. On today’s episode, we unpack the concept of potential pathogens and talk about what to do- and what not to do- when you find them on a stool test.     Today on The Lab Report: 2:55 Potentially pathogenic bacteria – what are they and when should we worry? 7:30 Klebsiella - symptoms and systemic associations 10:52 Why you don’t always treat a potential pathogen 12:25Concerns about Proteus 14:40 Citrobacter is common but has potential 15:45 Let’s Recap! 17:00 Question of the Day with Jim Kelton! What does 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ mean on the GI Effects culture results?   Additional Resources: GI Effects Comprehensive Stool Profile Pathogenic Bacteria & Yeast Chart   Subscribe, Rate, & Review The Lab Report Thanks for tuning in to this week’s episode of The Lab Report, presented by Genova Diagnostics, with your hosts Michael Chapman and Patti Devers. If you enjoyed this episode, please hit the subscribe button and give us a rating or leave a review. Don’t forget to visit our website, like us on Facebook, follow us on Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. Email Patti and Michael with your most interesting and pressing questions on functional medicine: podcast@gdx.net. And, be sure to share your favorite Lab Report episodes with your friends and colleagues on social media to help others learn more about Genova and all things related to functional medicine and specialty lab testing. Disclaimer: The content and information shared in The Lab Report is for educational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. The views and opinions expressed in The Lab Report represent the opinions and views of Michael Chapman and Patti Devers and their guests.   See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

1.    Endometriosis on the bladder - If you have endo lesions on the bladder or infiltrating the bladder, these will be causing scar tissue, inflammation and irritation to the surrounding area, especially during menstruation when this tissue begins to shed. This inflammation causes pain as the body attempts to alert us of a threat (endo), but as our immune system is unable to ‘clean up’ the endo, the body continues to inflame the area and continues to send pain signals. 2.    Chronic inflammation - Inflammation can spread from one area in the pelvis to another over time, especially if the immune system is unable to clean up whatever is causing the threat. If endo is causing inflammation elsewhere in the pelvis and has done for some time, the inflammation and pain can spread as the nerves and surrounding tissue begin to get involved in the ‘alarm’ process. Inflammation can also come from an inflammatory diet such as a diet rich in trans fats, sugar, processed foods and meat, and alcohol. It can also come from chronic low-lying infections, like an undiagnosed or treatment resistant UTI. Additionally, it can stem from blood sugar dysregulation. Finally, it can also come from your gut. 70%-80% of your immune system lives in and around the gut and if you have a problem like undetected allergies, SIBO, etc., these can lead to leaky gut. Leaky gut occurs when the tight junctions in between the cells of your gut wall begin to open up and allow small food particles and bacteria to pass through. Your immune system and blood stream are sitting just on the other side of your gut wall, and so the immune system attacks these new ‘invaders’ creating an inflammatory reaction, which spreads throughout the body via the blood stream. The toxins release from SIBO and bad bacteria in the gut, can also leak through the leaky gut wall and into the pelvic cavity, creating localised inflammation. 3.    Small intestine bacterial overgrowth - Interstitial cystitis or at least IC symptoms have long been associated with SIBO, especially hydrogen sulphide type SIBO. This will most likely be in part due to the inflammation caused by SIBO, the toxins previously mentioned entering the pelvic cavity and histamine intolerance, which is often caused as a result of SIBO.  However, research has also recently found that some of the key bacteria behind hydrogen sulphide type SIBO are also the same bacteria responsible for chronic UTIS, including Citrobacter, klebsiella, proteus and e-coli. This means that certain UTI treatments may also be effective for H2S SIBO and is currently being explored! 4.    Pelvic Floor Dysfunction - Your pelvic floor is like a complex bowl of nerves and muscles, which holds the bladder, vagina/uterus and colon. These nerves and muscles help to control bladder function and sensitivity. Chronic pain, straining, tensing and pushing can cause the muscles to tighten and lock and the nerves to become hypersensitive This can cause sensitivity, pain and bladder dysfunction over time.  5.    Histamines and oxalate sensitivity - Oxalates are a natural compound found in food. If we’re consuming too many oxalates or our body has trouble breaking them down, we may end up with crystal like particles in our bladder, which can of course cause irritation.  Histamines can also be a problem. Research has shown that some patients with IC have higher levels of mast cells (the cells that release histamines) and histamines in the bladder, and we also know that endometriosis lesions contain higher levels of mast cells too. Additionally, we may have trouble breaking down and clearing histamines if our gut is compromised. We may also be making more histamines if we have excess oestrogen as oestrogen triggers the production of histamines, and a condition called Mast Cell Activation Syndrome also causes mast cells to be over-sensitive and produce too much histamine as well.  Having too much histamine in our body can result in bladder pain, as well as symptoms like nausea, dizziness, rushing heart, racing heart, vomiting and bloating to name a few. 6.    Upregulated nervous system - Your brain’s primary function is to keep you safe and alive - it’s constantly looking for threats, which are communicated to us via our nerves. The body has a scale that measures the threat level and whether it’s worth sending a signal to the brain and if that threshold is met, a distress signal is sent out and the body responds with pain and inflammation to alert us to a problem and to heal the area.  If the wound heals, the brain can calm down, but if it doesn't, as is the case with endo, the nervous system begins a feedback loop of distress, pain and inflammation, which tells the brain things are unsafe, worsening the brains reaction. This can occur if there is endo on or near the bladder. Over time, the brain will actually decrease the body’s natural pain-relieving hormones because it wants us to stay alert as it feels so at threat, and so we begin to become even more sensitive to pain Additionally, anything that puts the brain in flight or fight mode such as stress, fear, anxiety or rushing, will reinforce to the brain that you’re unsafe, and will further heighten the reactions. In fact, research has shown that people with interstitial cystitis tend to have an upregulated nervous system.  7.    Hunner’s lesions - Hunner's lesions are blisters or ulcers inside the bladder that occur in about 10% of people with interstitial cystitis and are of course aggravated by food, drink and other substances. They can be diagnosed with a cystoscopy and can be removed, but often return within a year and though relief is reportedly high, it’s temporary and worth considering whether scarring could occur afterwards. 8.    Biofilms - Biofilms are when a colony of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens get together to form a network, and then hide themselves under a mucosal type lining that protects them from the immune system and antibiotics. They tend to cling to bladder walls and will resist treatment and not show up in standard UTI testing. Specialist testing and the use of anti-biofilms can be effective in treating and eradicating them. 9.    Adhesions - Adhesions are web like scar tissue structures, made up of collagen, which do not show up in scans. Adhesions occur in response to surgery, trauma or wounds and are the body’s natural attempt to ‘knit’ an area back together.  However, adhesions often don’t stop with the wound, and begin to knit towards other scars, organs and surfaces, locking organs together and creating a ‘frozen’ pelvis. In endo, adhesions can grow as a result of surgery and of the lesions themselves. They can pull on the bladder and prevent it from functioning properly, from filling to full capacity and can heighten pain and sensitivity. Adhesions are VERY strong.  10. Chronic UTIs - Due to antibiotic resistance or perhaps the use of the incorrect antibiotics, some UTIs can evade treatment and can burrow into the lining of the bladder to protect themselves, which prevents them from being destroyed by any further treatment. As the bladder wall sheds, bacteria can then move to the surface of the bladder wall again and cause irritation once more - this may be why your UTI symptoms come and go.  Standard tests only identify a small number of UTI bacteria and can also be inaccurate. You can ask for more extensive tests or go private for specialist testing that can help identify chronic UTIs.  Have a listen of the full episode to hear more and to learn the methods of identifying these root causes and scroll down for references. Let's get social! Come say hello on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook or sign up to my newsletter. This episode is sponsored by my free guide ‘A Natural Pain Relief Tool Kit for Endometriosis’. This four page guide includes evidence based and effective remedies which you can use at home to reduce your pain with endo. Download your copy here. My cookbook This EndoLife, It Starts with Breakfast is out now! Get 28 anti-inflammatory, hormone friendly recipes for living and thriving with endometriosis. Order your copy here. If you feel like you need more support with managing endometriosis, you can join Your EndoLife Coaching Programme. A 1-to-1 three month health and life coaching programme to help you thrive with endometriosis. To find out more about the programme and to discuss whether it could be right for you, email me at hello@thisendolife.com or visit my website. This episode is sponsored by The Pod Farm. Learn all about how to start your own podcast with the complete course from The Pod Farm. Aimed at beginners, this course takes a simple and straightforward approach to planning, equipment buying, setting up, recording, editing and hosting your own podcast. With hours of audio and video materials, and downloadable guides and useful links, this multimedia approach aims to have something for every kind of learner. From now until April 15, newsletter subscribers get 20% off the course price. Visit www.thepodfarm.com to enroll or find out more This episode is sponsored by BeYou. Soothe period cramps the natural way with these 100% natural and discreet menthol and eucalyptus oil stick on patches and CBD range. Click here to find out more and to shop: https://beyouonline.co.uk This episode is sponsored by Semaine Health, the anti-inflammatory, plant-based pain relieving supplement. Now priced at $28.99 for subscription. Shop here. Show Notes Endo on the bladder Six Tips for Reducing Endometriosis Pain in The Week Before Your Period Inflammation Outsmart Endometriosis: The Elimination 'Undiet' for Endometriosis with Dr Jessica Drummond Antioxidants for Endometriosis Anti-inflammatory Living for Endometriosis SIBO Understanding The Endometriosis Belly, Part 3: SIBO Symptoms The SIBO, Endometriosis and Interstitial Cystitis Connection wth Dr. Allison Siebecker How To Treat SIBO with Dr Allison Siebecker How to Test for SIBO Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Equal Treatment for Black Endometriosis Patients and Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy for Painful Sex, Interstitial Cystitis and Endometriosis with Dr. Juan Michelle Martin Your Brain on Pain - How Your Nervous System Affects Interstitial Cystitis and Endo Pain with Dr. Nicole Cozean Pelvic Floor Therapy for Endometriosis with Heba Shaheed of The Pelvic Expert Histamines and oxalates Nutrition for Bladder Pain and Endometriosis with Brianne Thornton, MS, RD of IC Wellness Endometriosis, SIBO, Interstitial Cystitis and Allergies: The Histamine Connection The Association Between Endometriosis and Allergies Diet and Natural Treatment Options for Interstitial Cystitis and Bladder Pain with Elisabeth Yaotani of IC Wellness Interstitial Cystitis and the Histamine Connection Upregulated Nervous System Your Brain on Pain - How Your Nervous System Affects Interstitial Cystitis and Endo Pain with Dr. Nicole Cozean Taking An Integrative Approach to Endometriosis with Jessica Drummond of The IWHI Anti-inflammatory Living for Endometriosis Hunner’s Lesions Hunner's Ulcers - Interstitial Cystitis Association Biofilms Are Biofilms the Root Cause of Your Interstitial Cystitis? With Dr. Deanna Berman, ND, LM Biofilms: Another Potential Contributor to Interstitial Cystitis Biofilm Disruptors - do not take without consulting a practitioner first! Adhesions The Healthy Gut Podcast Ep.25: Adhesions And SIBO With Larry And Belinda Wurn The Healthy Gut Podcast Ep.33: Visceral Mobilisation With Alyssa Tait The Period Party Podcast: Mercier Therapy for Pelvic Related Conditions with Dr. Jennifer Mercier The Best Surgery for Endometriosis with Dr. Andrew Cook Chronic UTIs Interstitial Cystitis Treatment With Ruth Kriz Treating Chronic UTI's with Rochelle Stern

Dopo le ultime verifiche riguardo l'epidemia da Citrobacter virus, che circa un anno e mezzo fa ha causato la morte di 4 neoneti all'ospedale di Borgo Trento a Verona, è stato è stato confermato che il batterio si era formato a causa di gravi carenze igieniche. Il professore e infettivologo Marco Tinelli ci tiene quindi a chiarire alcuni aspetti fondamentali riguardo questo virus.

Mor idrar torbası sendromu (MİTS), kabızlık, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ve eş zamanlı olarak mesane kateteri olan yaşlı kadınlarda tipik olarak görülen idrarın mor renkte değişikliği olarak tanımlanır. Bu durum genellikle idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ile ilişkilidir. İdrar torbasının renk değişim nedeni ise; mesane kateteri ve idrar torbasındaki sentetik materyal çökelekleriyle reaksiyona giren indigo (mavi) ve indiburin (kırmızı) pigmentlerinden kaynaklanır. İlk olarak 1978 yılında Barlow tarafından tanımlanan bu sendrom hastaları genellikle yaşlı, kadın, immobil, kabızlık, kronik mesane kateterizasyon, alkali idrar, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ve böbrek yetmezliği gibi risk faktörleri ile ilişkilidir.​1​ MİTS hastalarında yaygın olarak izole edilmiş bakteriler aşağıda listelenmiştir.​2​ [box type="info" align="" class="" width=""]MİTS hastalarında yaygın olarak izole edilmiş bakterilerPseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis, Providencia spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganelli morganii, Citrobacter spp., metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus,grup B streptokoklar ve Enterococcus spp[/box] Patogenezinde kabızlığın önemli bir rolü vardır. Kabızlık nedeniyle bağırsak geçişi uzar, triptofan bağırsak florasındaki bakteriler tarafından indole deamine olur. İndol karaciğerde konjugasyonla indoksil sülfata çevrilir. İdrara sekrete edilen indoksil sülfat, mesane kateterinde kolonize bakteriler tarafından sültafaz ve fosfataz enzimleri sayesinde indoksile dönüştürülür. İndoksilin oksidasyonu sonucu indigo (mavi) ve indivurin (kırmızı) pigmentleri meydana gelir. Bu pigmentler plastik idrar torbası ile temas ettikten sonra meydana gelen reaksion sonucunda idrar torbasında mor bir renk oluşur. Mor idrar Torbası Sendromu’nda metabolik yollar “+” ile patogeneze katkıda bulunan faktörler belirtilmiştir Hastanın altta yatan risk faktörlerini kontrol altına almak, mesane kateterinin değişimi, uygun üriner antisepsisi ve etkene uygun antibiyoterapi MİTS tedavisinde yapılması gerekenler arasındadır.​3​MİTS görünüm itibariyle hastaları, hastaya bakan aile üyelerini, arkadaşlarını ve bakıcılarını endişe verici bir tabloya sokan bir durum olsa da prognozu görünümü kadar kötü değildir. ​4​ Geriatrik popülasyonun her yıl daha belirgin hale geldiği, opioid tedavilere bağlı kabızlığın arttığı immobil hastalarda, altta yatan patolojik faktörler, idrar sondalarının yanlış bakımı ve uygun olmayan temizliği nedeniyle tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonları önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olmasından dolayı akılda tutulması gereken bir klinik tablodur. [box type="warning" align="alignleft" class="" width=""]Sonuç olarak; MİTS, kabızlık ve kronik kateterizasyon öyküsü olan yaşlılarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonunun nadir görülen bir prezentasyonudur. Patofizyolojisi net değildir; ama kostipasyona sekonder artan bakteriyel büyüme ve triptofanın karmaşık bir dizi reaksiyonu sonucunda idrar pigmentlerinin dönüşümü ile karakterize bir tablo diyebiliriz. Tedavi, uygun mikroflorayı ve varsa foley kateter değişimini kapsayan antibiyoterapi.[/box] Teşekkürler 1. Al Montasir A, Al Mustaque A. Purple urine bag syndrome. J Fam Med Primary Care. Published online 2013:104. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.109970 2. Dealler SF, Hawkey PM, Millar MR. Enzymatic degradation of urinary indoxyl sulfate by Providencia stuartii and Klebsiella pneumoniae causes the purple urine bag syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Published online 1988:2152-2156. doi:10.1128/jcm.26.10.2152-2156.1988 3. Worku DA. Purple urine bag syndrome: An unusual but important manifestation of urinary tract infection. Case report and literature review. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. Published online January 2019:2050313X1882310. doi:10.1177/2050313x18823105 4. Su Y-J, Yang H-W. Risk factors of mortality in patients with purple urine bag syndrome. Journal of Drug Assessment. Published online January 1, 2019:21-24. doi:10.1080/21556660.2019.1579727

Jodi Flaws is a Professor of Comparative Biosciences and the Principal Investigator at the Reproductive Toxicology Laboratory in the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Illinois. Her lab studies the effects of environmental pollutants on the development and function of the human body, specifically relating to endocrine and reproductive health. Joining her is Karen Chiu, a PhD student whose work focuses on the impact and mechanism of various chemicals on the gut microbiome. On the podcast today Dr. Flaws and Karen Chiu discuss some of the health-damaging chemicals that have become ubiquitous in our food supply, personal care items, and even our carpeting and mattresses. They describe some of the physiological effects of these pollutants, including potentially deleterious changes to the gut microbiota and early reproductive aging. They also share tips for reducing and mitigating exposure to these compounds. After recording this podcast Karen talked with me a bit about organic foods - are they worth the additional cost to avoid some of these toxic chemicals? It turns out that while they are exposed to fewer pesticides, hormones, and antibiotics than conventional foods, it’s not true that organic foods are totally free of these contaminants. If you see the "USDA Organic" label, you can assume the food is at least 95% organic, while a product that claims to be “made with” organic ingredients is at least 70% organic. In her opinion, organic foods and products are the way to go when possible, given their lighter chemical load. It’s always a good idea to wash your produce to get as much of the pesticide residues off whether it be organic or conventional. Here’s the outline of this interview with Jodi Flaws and Karen Chiu: [00:00:30] Paper: Chiu, Karen, et al. "The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome." Toxicological Sciences (2020). [00:01:25] Background and interest in environmental chemicals. [00:03:35] Endocrine-disrupting chemicals. [00:04:37] Phthalates and how they affect the body. [00:06:08] Effects of Phthalates on the microbiome. [00:07:15] Butyrate; Podcast: Microbiome Myths and Misconceptions, with Lucy Mailing, PhD. [00:08:58] Potential effects of pesticides: increased lipid accumulation, decreased glucose tolerance, increased expression of adipogenic genes; Review: Xiao, Xiao, John M. Clark, and Yeonhwa Park. "Potential contribution of insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes." Food and Chemical Toxicology 105 (2017): 456-474. [00:10:44] Reducing exposure to phthalates. [00:12:26] Environmental Working Group (EWG) database. [00:14:09] Bisphenols. [00:16:51] "BPA-free" - not necessarily safer. [00:18:13] Effects of bisphenols on the gut microbiome. [00:18:43] Bisphenol exposure in mice, effects on microbiome; Study: Javurek, Angela B., et al. "Effects of exposure to bisphenol A and ethinyl estradiol on the gut microbiota of parents and their offspring in a rodent model." Gut Microbes 7.6 (2016): 471-485. [00:19:00] Akkermansia beneficial for intestinal immunity; Study: Ottman, Noora, et al. "Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function." PloS one 12.3 (2017). [00:20:24] Podcast: How to Use Probiotics to Improve Your Health, with Jason Hawrelak, PhD. [00:21:12] Persistent organic pollutants: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Perfluorochemicals (PFCs), flame retardants and their adverse health effects. [00:24:42] Exercise can attenuate change in the gut microbiome caused by PCBs; Study: Choi, Jeong June, et al. "Exercise attenuates PCB-induced changes in the mouse gut microbiome." Environmental health perspectives 121.6 (2013): 725-730. [00:25:54] Hepcidin; Podcast: The Athlete’s Gut: Why Things Go Wrong and What to Do About It, with Megan Hall. [00:27:20] Strategies for limiting exposure. [00:29:20] Heavy Metals - lead, cadmium, arsenic and their effects on the microbiome. [00:32:49] Higher arsenic levels can lead to higher Citrobacter population; Study: Wu, Fen, et al. "The role of gut microbiome and its interaction with arsenic exposure in carotid intima-media thickness in a Bangladesh population." Environment international 123 (2019): 104-113. [00:33:29] Arsenic exposure increases TMAO; Study: Kuroda, Kaoru Yoshida Yoshinori Inoue Koichi, Hua Chen Hideki Wanibuchi Shoji Fukushima, and Ginji Endo. "Urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites after long-term oral administration of various arsenic compounds to rats." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A 54.3 (1998): 179-192. [00:34:18] Chris Masterjohn and Chris Kressor on TMAO. [00:34:40] Glyphosate alters gut microbiota; Studies: Blot, Nicolas, et al. "Glyphosate, but not its metabolite AMPA, alters the honeybee gut microbiota." PloS one 14.4 (2019) and Aitbali, Yassine, et al. "Glyphosate based-herbicide exposure affects gut microbiota, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice." Neurotoxicology and teratology 67 (2018): 44-49. [00:40:33] Pig GI tract similar to humans; Dr. Sharon Donovan. [00:42:34] Siloxanes (silicone products). [00:43:52] Siloxanes; Associated with hypothyroid in cats: Poutasse, Carolyn M., et al. "Silicone pet tags associate tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate exposures with feline hyperthyroidism." Environmental science & technology 53.15 (2019): 9203-9213; associated with age of menopause: Chow, Erika T., and Shruthi Mahalingaiah. "Cosmetics use and age at menopause: is there a connection?." Fertility and sterility 106.4 (2016): 978-990. [00:45:03] Nicolas Taleb; Incerto series. [00:45:31] Hot flashes and potential causes. [00:45:51] Podcast: The Postmenopausal Longevity Paradox and the Evolutionary Advantage of Our Grandmothering Life History, with Kristen Hawkes, PhD. [00:47:23] Link between phthalate exposure and hot flashes (research coming soon). [00:50:29] Genetic mutation in sperm linked to autism risk. Study: Breuss, Martin W., et al. "Autism risk in offspring can be assessed through quantification of male sperm mosaicism." Nature Medicine 26.1 (2020): 143-150. [00:50:45] Effects of phthalates on men include early reproductive aging; Study: Barakat, Radwa, et al. "Prenatal exposure to DEHP induces premature reproductive senescence in male mice." Toxicological Sciences 156.1 (2017): 96-108. [00:51:14] Things to do to reduce exposure; CertiPUR-US. [00:55:17] Contact Dr. Flaws. Instagram. [00:57:13] heeds.org for information on endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

This episode: Simplified gut communities growing in bioreactors grow and metabolize reproducibly, with only moderate variations, even when individual members of the community are absent! Download Episode (8.2 MB, 11.9 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Citrobacter virus Merlin Takeaways The community of microbes in our guts is highly complex, with thousands of species all interacting with each other, with our own cells, and with the contents of our diet. Each region of the gut has a different collection of microbes as well. Many questions remain to be answered about the functions and fluctuations of these communities. How can we study such a complex system? Which species, if any, are most important for its continued function? In this study, a simplified community of only 14 species is grown repeatedly in bioreactors, and one species at a time is left out of the community to see what will change in its absence. This reveals effects different species have on the overall growth, carbon source consumption, and production of various metabolites relevant to gut health. Some microbes have large effects, but none of them appears to be crucial for the overall function and stability of the community. Journal Paper: Gutiérrez N, Garrido D. 2019. Species Deletions from Microbiome Consortia Reveal Key Metabolic Interactions between Gut Microbes. mSystems 4:e00185-19. Other interesting stories: Some archaea can survive for a while trapped inside salt crystals (paper) Bacteria degrade BPA in soil (paper)   Email questions or comments to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, or RSS. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at Twitter or Facebook.

Join FDN founder Reed Davis, FDN Mentors, and Special Guests to learn about functional lab testing and data-driven protocols to confidently solve health issues and grow your health coaching business. Submit questions in advance, or better yet, call the show LIVE and join the discussion by calling (347) 637-1378. The live show takes place every Friday at 11 am PST/ 2 pm EST.  If you are interested in becoming a Functional Diagnostic Nutrition ® Health Coach go to https://fdn.today/show On Today's Episode We Answer: 1. I heard Reed say In a slide that if we find H. pylori we would address that first even if parasites are present. but then in our protocol we are told to treat parasites first then bacteria than yeast. and H. Pylori is a bacteria so I am a little confused. What do we address first? 2. Caller: How and if to address Citrobacter finding on 401H. Client with no history or autoimmunity or UTI 3. Caller: Comparing the 401H to DSL GI Map 4. Caller: Client that is doing DRESS protocol but not seeing much positive change. What to look at next. 5. Do we ALWAYS include a Candida protocol at the end of a Supplement Protocol if a client's 401H detects parasite and/or bacterial infection, even if no candida shows on test results?I know Reed mentioned that we just presume there is some kind of candida in play as well as it takes really strong levels to show up on the tests results at all so it is often undetected. Just want to know whether we include Candida/Yeast Protocol supplement suggestions automatically in, sequenced at end of other protocols, or make a call on it based on how a client feels after other pathogen eradication protocols complete? 6. Can someone point me to the point in the course where Reed explains how to use the Hormone Check Record?

Thank you for joining us for our 2nd Cabral HouseCall of the weekend! I’m looking forward to sharing with you some of our community’s questions that have come in over the past few weeks… Let’s get started!   Tiffany: Hi Doctor Cabral, My patient took a genova stool test which came back NG (0) of the good bacteria Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium. And 4+ HIGH in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii and Pantoea species. I am new and want to do what is absolutely best for this patient as she has gone through a lot of digestive and skin issues. Do you agree with my protocol below? I am very open to tweaking. 2 Phases: Phase 1 : Paragard 20days with high dose probiotic 14 days (Probi 225) Phase 2: Berberine + moderate dose Probi Also Panplex enzyme with all meals. Rachel: Hi Dr. Cabral. I love your podcast and am so excited to finally be submitting a question! My question is focused on PCOS, getting off of birth control, and preparing my body to get pregnant. I am planning on stopping my birth control pills at the end of 2018 in order to give my body 6+ months to cleanse itself and rebalance before we start trying to conceive. Diagnosed with PCOS- typical symptoms of facial hair, thinning of hair on head, and very irregular periods. I have been taking an oral birth control pill consistently for the past 5 years. Due to PCOS, I had severe chronic cystic acne and completed a round of Accutane about 3 years ago, which helped dramatically. My acne has actually started to come back over the past few months, but not nearly as bad as before. I have had chronic digestive issues since I was a young child and suffered from chronic constipation my whole life, until about 9 months ago when I started taking a Magnesium supplement regularly. My stool is loose and I suspect I have leaky gut, since I see undigested food/food debris floating in the toilet. Once I get off of my birth control, I want to do a cleanse and heal my body. Would you suggest the 14 or 21 Day Detox, Candida or SIBO protocol, and the Heavy Metal Detox? I want to ensure I am setting myself up for a healthy and successful pregnancy and baby! Thank you for your wisdom, always! -30 years old, 5'5, 135 lbs -HIIT workouts 4-5 times a week at Orange Theory Fitness -I take magnesium, zinc, probiotic, collagen, and some adaptogen herbs on a regular basis -Eat a clean diet mostly, avoiding grains and dairy and too much animal protein. When I do have a cheat meal, it involves pizza and sweets. I focus on consuming majority vegetables and fruits on a daily basis and plenty of water. Denise: Hi, I recently completed your candid protocol and added some grapefruit seed extract for H.pylori. When I used the grapefruit extract it triggered a RA reaction. I followed it up with your 90 days gut Healing protocol but still have nail ridges and am having inflammatory problems. I was thinking of trying your parasite protocol but I find if I use oregano, grapefruit seed or garlic my stomach and gut hurts. Will this protocol give me a RA reaction? Do you think I am missing a reason why my gut is not healing ? I am on the AIP protocol and have done most functional tests. No major problems where noted except candida and H.pylori. and tried other protocol that didn't seem to work. Can histamine or fodmap be part of my problem? I listen to all your podcasts and really love them. I really appreciate any guidance to healing my gut that you can give me. You are amazing. Thank you Denise Anna: Hello, I hope you can help me it's in relation to my dad who is 83 he has had itchy eyes and mouth over the last few months.he has developed this behaviour now of rubbing his eyes and mouth constantly. We have brought him to see various doctors and opticians but the problem doesn't seem to be improving. I am nit sure if it is anxiety now that is causing him to do this. I would appreciate your help. Thank you. Julia: Dear Dr Cabral & Team, I've just finished reading your book and had a look at your online shop. I noticed that shipping to Australia costs min USD59; is there any min order value which would allow you to ship to Australia without any extra shipping cost? Kind regards, Julia Joey: Hi Dr.Cabral, I have a question regarding vitamin D blood levels. You seem to be a supporter of a 50-70ng for basically everyone. I’ve been reading about vitamin D, and some brilliant people suggested that such advice might not be ideal, and may in fact be harmful for some people. His reasoning is that the way we truly know whether we are or aren’t defficient is to check not only 25OHD, but also PTH and Calcitriol. Apparently, what we want is a suppression of PTH to about 30 (whether through calcium or vitamin D). If PTH is at around that level, the body is basically telling us that we aren’t deficient neither in calcium nor in vitamin D (even if vitamin D is only around or slightly below 30ng). We want to test whether PTH will go down through vitamin D or dietary calcium. If it goes down due to calcium, we probably aren’t defficient in D even if our levels of vitamin D are only around 30ng. What is your opinion on this? Thank you Anonymous: Hi - I’m a 33 year old female and have a nagging symptom - I have an itch on the outer lip of my vagina. It’s only on the left side and in one area, it’s outside, not internal, not where one would notice yeas. I have talked with my OB and given the suggestion of applying coconut oil - this started about 2 summers ago. It’s a persistent itch and cannot be ignored when it is “flared”- most intense in the morning and at night - I don’t really have the issue during the day.I am sexually active my husband & I have only been with each other with no suspicion of stds. Here’s what I’ve tried:- hydrocortisone - neosporin - coconut oil - essential oils (All help for a few mins to maybe an hour). Also tried/changed (I did not change all at once just over the last two years) I wear looser fitting clothing. Shower immediately after a work out. No undies to bed. Stopped using soap (use a Norwex cloth). Changed to a “0” on the thjnk dirty app for shampoo. No longer use hair products, lotions or perfume. Changed to a low chemical, no scent laundry soap. I also did the CBO protocol and sealer just in case it was an invisible yeast based issue. I did the food sensitivities test and eliminated all of them. I do the nutritional support powder daily with a smoothie and eat dairy, gluten and sugar free. I eliminated grains & lectins in addition to the above for 30 days. I do not shave but carefully trim In case it was an ingrown hair type thing What can I be missing? Thank you for tuning into this weekend’s Cabral HouseCalls and be sure to check back tomorrow for our Mindset & Motivation Monday show to get your week started off right! - - - Specific Show Notes & Resources: http://StephenCabral.com/1031 - - - Dr. Cabral's New Book, The Rain Barrel Effect https://amzn.to/2H0W7Ge - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: http://CabralSupportGroup.com - - -   Dr. Cabral’s Most Popular Supplements: > “The Dr. Cabral Daily Protocol” (This is what Dr. Cabral does every day!) - - - > Dr. Cabral Detox  (The fastest way to get well, lose weight, and feel great!) - - - > Daily Nutritional Support Shake  (#1 “All-in-One recommendation in my practice) - - - > Daily Fruit & Vegetables Blend  (22 organic fruit & vegetables “greens powder”) - - - > CBD Oil  (Full-spectrum, 3rd part-tested & organically grown) - - - > Candida/Bacterial Overgrowth, Leaky Gut, Parasite & Speciality Supplement Packages - - - > See All Supplements: https://equilibriumnutrition.com/collections/supplements  - - -   Dr. Cabral’s Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Organic Acids Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Thyroid + Adrenal + Hormone Test  (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Adrenal + Hormone Test (Run your adrenal & hormone levels) - - - > Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Omega-3 Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - > Stool Test (Use this test to uncover any bacterial, h. Pylori, or parasite overgrowth) - - - > Genetic Test (Use the #1 lab test to unlocking your DNA and what it means in terms of wellness, weight loss & anti-aging) - - - > Dr. Cabral’s “Big 5” Lab Tests (This package includes the 5 labs Dr. Cabral recommends all people run in his private practice) - - - > View all Functional Medicine lab tests (View all Functional Medicine lab tests you can do right at home for you and your family!)

The TWiM team considers a report on prokaryotic viral DNA in mammalian brain, and how diarrhea is beneficial, by clearing enteric pathogens. Hosts:  Vincent Racaniello, Michael Schmidt, Michele Swanson and Elio Schaechter. Subscribe to TWiM (free) on iPhone, Android, RSS, or by email. You can also listen on your mobile device with the Microbeworld app. Become a patron of TWiM. Links for this episode Prokaryotic viral sequence in the brain (PNAS) Diarrhea clears enteric pathogens (Cell Host Microbe) Tight junction biology (Turner Laboratory) Letters read on TWiM 158   Send your microbiology questions and comments (email or recorded audio) to twim@microbe.tv  

Discussion of the paper: 'Effect of genetic background and postinfectious stress on visceral sensitivity in Citrobacter rodentium-infected mice’ The contributors in the podcast are as follows: Dr Adam Farmer (Consultant Neurogastroenterologist, The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts London School of Medicine, London, UK) and Dr Dr Mira M Wouters, (Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Center of Neuro-immune interaction and Mucosal Immunology, KU Leuven, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium). Read the paper here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nmo.12759/full

Vincent, Elio, and Michael consider a fungal pathogen of insects that acquired a gene from its host that facilitates infection, and presence of gram-negative nosocomial pathogens on community surfaces near hospitals in Brooklyn. 

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jo Handelsman, and Michael Schmidt Vincent, Jo, and Michael discuss an archetypal protein transport system in bacterial outer membranes, and evidence that gut microbial enterotypes might not fall into defined groups. Links for this episode: Discovery of a TAM, a new bacterial protein transport system (Nat Struct Mol Biol) Commentary on TAM discovery Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome (Nature) Gut enterotypes might be less clear-cut (Ed Yong) Letters read on TWiM #31

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of an Avian Orthoreovirus (ARV) isolated from broiler chicken suffering from infectious runting and stunting syndrome (RSS) after simulated vertical infection of chicken. The influence of the age at infection on the progression of ARV infection is of particular importance. At first, the consequences of an early in ovo inoculation with the ARV-isolate 8474DP4-6 in specific pathogen free (spf) embryonated chicken eggs were evaluated. Infected embryos that survived until the 19th day of incubation were observed regularly after inoculation into the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs with varying doses of the ARV-isolate 8474DP4-6 on the ninth day of incubation. The inoculation into the yolk sac of embryonated chicken eggs on the sixth day of incubation with the same virus resulted in surviving infected embryos only in singular cases. On the other hand, infected embryos died after in ovo inoculation with the ARV vaccine strain S1133 into the allantoic cavity or the yolk sac on the corresponding days of hatch. The mean death time for the infected embryos displayed a high variability. The mean death time after in ovo inoculation with the ARV strain S1133 was observed between 100 and 168 hours while embryos infected with the ARV-isolate died between 60 and 120 hours post inoculation. For a subsequent animal experiment embryonated chicken eggs (Lohmann Selected White Leghorn) were inoculated with the ARV-strain 8474DP4-6 into the allantoic cavity on the 14th day of incubation and the hatched chickens were raised until the age of 36 days. Inoculated birds were kept together with non-inoculated sentinels while a mock-infected group was raised separately. The in ovo inoculation resulted in the hatch of ARV-infected chicks. The hatchability was reduced in the infected group (56%) as well as in the mock-infected control group (46%). ARV was reisolated regularly from organs of infected chicks until the 12th day post hatch and sporadically until day 36 post hatch. Several organs (liver, duodenum and pancreas [pooled], proventriculus, jejunoileum and bursa of Fabricius) were sampled in order to evaluate the organotropism and the progression of infection in inoculated chicks. ARV was reisolated from all kinds of examined organs, whereas the isolation from intestinal organs occurred more frequently. The transmission to non-inoculated sentinels was demonstrated by reisolation of ARV. The inoculated as well as the sentinel chicks developed antibodies against ARV. The results demonstrate the possibility of a vertical and likewise a horizontal transmission for the ARV-strain 8474DP4-6. An increased mortality became evident within the infected group. From the day of hatch and the seventh day of life 52,2% of the animals died, until the 12th day of life the mortality peaked to 56,5%. Within the control group a mortality of 6 and 12% respectively was observed during the corresponding period. Inoculated as well as control animals were of poor condition and suffered from diarrhea. Not inoculated control birds recovered quickly after an antibiotic treatment while the inoculated chicken did not respond well to the therapy. The gross pathology did not reveal any alterations in neither of the groups. Histopathological changes included myocarditis, pancreatic degeneration and lymphocyte depletion in the spleen. Within the bacteriological examination various ubiquitous bacterial species including Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae were cultivated from organ swabs from animals of both groups. Body weight and weight gain were significantly decreased in inoculated chicks from day seven post hatch on. In ovo infection of embryonated eggs from ARV-vaccinated broiler breeders with the ARV-isolate 8474DP4-6 resulted in a hundredfold lower egg infectious dose 50 compared to embryonated spf chicken eggs. Furthermore, a larger proportion of infected embryos survived until the 19th day of incubation. In conclusion, the in ovo inoculation of embryonated eggs with the RSS-associated ARV strain resulted in the impairment of hatched chicks. The bacteriological findings indicate an increased susceptibility of the ARV-infected chicks to bacterial overgrowth. Future experiments evaluating the effects of early ARV-infections with the focus on alterations of the immune-response will help to elucidate the role of early ARV-infections in chicks.

Ziel der Arbeit war es, das Vorkommen Antibiotika-resistenter Keime in Fleisch zu erfassen, um das Risiko des Übergangs resistenter Keime von Fleisch auf den Menschen besser einschätzen zu können. Gleichzeitig sollte geprüft werden, inwieweit die quantitative Erfassung von Resistenzgenen hierzu einen Beitrag leisten kann. Hierzu wurden in dem Zeitraum von November 2003 bis Februar 2005 aus 500 „Hähnchen-" und 500 „Schweinefleisch-Proben“ Bakterien der Gattungen Escherichia (E. coli, n=677), Salmonella (n=89), Campylobacter (n=421), Listeria (n=417), Enterococcus (n=782), Enterobacter (n=167), Citrobacter (n=83), Serratia (n=116) und Klebsiella (n=125) isoliert. Die untersuchten Fleischproben stammten jeweils zu gleichen Teilen vom Schlachthof und von der Verkaufstheke. Die Prüfung der Isolate hinsichtlich ihres Empfindlichkeitsverhaltens erfolgte gegenüber bis zu 31 ausgewählten, größtenteils human-relevanten Antibiotika im Mikrodilutionsverfahren. Weitere 100 „Hähnchen-" und 100 „Schweinefleisch-Proben“ wurden mittels real-time PCR nach Direkt-Extraktion der DNA auf das quantitative Vorkommen der Tetrazyklin-Resistenzgene tet (M) und tet (O) untersucht. Die Analyse der Prävalenzzahlen ergab zum einen, dass aus den „Schweinefleisch-Proben“ weit weniger Isolate (ausgenommen coliformer Keime) als aus den „Hähnchenfleisch-Proben“ gewonnen werden konnten. Zum anderen war das Vorkommen von Listeria spp., aber auch von coliformen Keimen und Salmonella spp. bei den „Verkaufstheke-Proben“ deutlich höher als bei den entsprechenden „Schlachthof-Proben“; gegensätzlich dazu verhielten sich die Campylobacter-Prävalenzraten. Im Rahmen der phänotypischen Empfindlichkeitsuntersuchungen wurde das Vorkommen resistenter und hochmehrfach-resistenter Keime in zum Verzehr geeignetem Fleisch nachgewiesen. Hinsichtlich der verschiedenen Bakterienspezies wurden sehr große Differenzen beobachtet. So mussten 69,0 % der E. coli, 61,8 % der Salmonella spp., 67,1 % der C. jejuni, 76,9 % der C. coli, 74,1 % der E. faecalis, hingegen nur 4,7 % der L. monocytogenes und nur 6,2 % der L. innocua als zumindest einfach-resistent eingestuft werden. Hierbei trugen die untersuchten E. coli-Stämme vor allem Resistenzen gegen Penicilline, die Aminoglykoside Streptomycin und Spectinomycin sowie gegen die Antibiotika Doxyzyklin, Sulfamethoxazol+Trimethoprim. Bei Campylobacter spp. wurden Resistenzraten von bis zu 30 % gegenüber Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin und Doxyzyklin ermittelt; zudem war bei den C. coli-Stämmen ein hohes Resistenzvorkommen gegenüber Sulfamethoxazol+ Trimethoprim zu beobachten. Bei dem Genus Enterococcus traten vor allem gegen Makrolide und die Wirkstoffe Doxyzyklin, Rifampicin und Fosfomycin Resistenzen auf. Die Auftrennung der Ergebnisse entsprechend der Fleischarten ergab ein weit häufigeres Vorkommen von resistenten Keimen in Hähnchenfleisch als in Schweinefleisch. Diese Tendenz war auch bezüglich mehrfach-resistenter Keime zu beobachten. So waren z. B. bei E. coli 46,1 % der aus Schweinefleisch und 61,1 % der aus Hähnchenfleisch isolierten Stämme als mehrfach-resistent einzustufen; bei den E. faecalis-Isolaten 20,3 % bzw. 47,8 %. Des Weiteren wiesen die Proben von der Verkaufstheke tendenziell häufiger Keime mit Resistenzen auf als solche vom Schlachthof. Vergleicht man die erhobenen Resistenzraten mit denen des GENARS-Projektes, so lagen in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle die Resistenzraten der „aviären“ und „porcinen“ Isolate deutlich unter denen „humaner“ Isolate. Bei den molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen wurden relativ geringe Konzentrationen von tet (M) und tet (O) auf Fleischoberflächen gefunden. So ist ein Übergang von resistenten Keimen von Fleisch auf den Menschen durchaus möglich. Allerdings dürfte diesem Weg der Verbreitung Antibiotika-resistenter Keime eine geringere Bedeutung zukommen als mitunter angenommen.