Podcasts about Lactobacillus

Today, I'm joined by the innovative Jon Hacker, whose name couldn't be more perfect for the biohacking space. While his family hacks computers, Jon decided to hack something a bit messier—the human mind. After growing up with severe OCD and witnessing the rising tide of global anxiety, he became obsessed with one question: Why are we all stuck in fight or flight, and what can we actually do about it?   Use code NAT at https://zenbud.health/nat for 20% off   Episode Timestamps: Introduction to Longevity Podcast and Host ... 00:00:00 The Rise of Anxiety and Mental Health Innovation ... 00:05:19 Why Modern Society Fuels Anxiety ... 00:07:18 Impact of Chronic Stress on Health ... 00:08:51 Barriers to Managing Anxiety with Habits Alone ... 00:17:17 CBT and the Need for Better Tools ... 00:19:27 Vagus Nerve: What It Does and Why It Matters ... 00:20:37 Zenbud: Ultrasound vs. Electrical Stimulation ... 00:28:58 Zenbud Headset Experience and Simplicity ... 00:34:25 Zenbud's Role in Stress Resilience and Longevity ... 00:47:45 Purpose, Mindfulness, and the Future of Biohacking ... 00:50:55 Zenbud: Key Safety Points and Adoption Challenges ... 01:01:08 Zenbud as "An Off Switch for Stress" and Closing ... 01:02:52 Final Tips, Special Offer, and Outro ... 01:03:30   Our Amazing Sponsors: Sunlamp (BTS2) by Mitolux - When your skin makes vitamin D from UVB light, it also creates natural companion molecules that help your body use it smarter—so you're not just boosting levels, you're activating your biology the way nature intended. Visit mitolux.com/NAT10. You'll receive 10% off! NAT10 will be automatically applied at checkout.   NEW Timeline Gummies: Urolithin A supports muscle strength and cellular energy. It's about improving how your body functions at the source. Mitopure is the only clinically proven Urolithin A, giving you six times more than you'd get from a glass of pomegranate juice. Visit Timeline.com/nat20 and use code nat20 for 20% off your purchase.   Probiotic Breakthrough by Bioptimizers - uses a stress-tested Lactobacillus plantarum strain that showed over 30× greater survival in bile and intestinal fluid vs. generic strains. Save 15% at bioptimizers.com/bionat and use code BIONAT for 15% off any order.   Nat's Links:  YouTube Channel Join My Membership Community Sign up for My Newsletter  Instagram  Facebook Group

This is one in a series about possible futures, which will be published in Booch News over the coming weeks. Episode 7 appeared last week. New episodes drop every Friday. Overview Peer-to-peer flavor-sharing platforms enabled home brewers to distribute taste profiles as digital files. Blockchain-verified SCOBY genetics allowed anyone to recreate award-winning kombucha flavors. Traditional beverage companies lost control as open-source fermentation recipes spread globally. This episode follows teenage hacker Luna Reyes as she reverse-engineers Heineken’s proprietary “A-yeast” strain and the century-old master strain used for Budweiser, releasing them under Creative Commons license, triggering a flavor renaissance that made corporate beverages taste like cardboard by comparison. Luna Reyes: The Seventeen-Year-Old Who Liberated Flavor Luna Reyes was brewing kombucha in her Oakland garage when she changed the course of human history. The daughter of Mexican immigrants, she had learned fermentation from her grandmother while teaching herself bioinformatics through YouTube tutorials and volunteering at the Counter Culture Labs Maker Space on Shattuck Avenue. By fifteen, she was running the Bay Area’s most sophisticated home laboratory, utilizing jury-rigged DNA sequencers and microscopes constructed from smartphone cameras. Her breakthrough came in February 2043 while investigating why her kombucha never tasted quite like expensive craft varieties and was different again from her grandmother’s home brew. Using Crispr techniques learned from online forums, Luna began reverse-engineering the microbial genetics of premium alcoholic beverages. Her target wasn’t kombucha—it was the closely guarded yeast strains that gave corporate beers their distinctive flavors. Luna hunched over her microscope, examining bacterial cultures from her latest kombucha batch. Around her, salvaged DNA sequencers hummed, fermentation vessels bubbled, and computer screens displayed multi-hued patterns of genetic sequences. Her grandmother, Rosa, entered carrying a tray with three glasses of homemade kombucha. “Mija, you’ve been working for six hours straight. Drink something.” Luna accepted the glass without looking up. “Abuela, your kombucha tastes better than anything I can buy in stores and the ones I’ve experimented with. Why? I’m using the same base ingredients—tea, sugar, water—but mine never has this complexity.” Her grandmother laughed. “Because I’ve been feeding this SCOBY for forty years. It knows what to do. You can’t rush relationships.” Luna’s sister Maya, lounging against a workbench, waved her phone. “Luna, people have noticed your forum post about Health-Ade’s fermentation process. Someone says you’re wasting your time trying to replicate commercial kombuchas.” “I’m not trying to replicate them,” Luna said, finally looking up. “I’m trying to understand why their kombucha tastes different than that I make at home. It’s not the ingredients. It’s not the process. It’s the microbial genetics.” Rosa sat down beside her granddaughter. “When I was young in Oaxaca, every family had their own kombucha culture, passed down generation to generation. Each tasted different because the bacteria adapted to their environment, their ingredients, their care. We had a saying, Hay tantas fermentaciones en el mundo como estrellas en el cielo nocturno – there are as many ferments in the world as stars in the night sky. The big companies want every bottle to be identical. That kills what makes fermentation special.” “Exactly!” Luna pulled up genetic sequences on her screen. “I’ve been reverse-engineering samples from different commercial kombuchas. Health-Ade, GT’s, Brew Dr—they all have consistent microbial profiles.” The Great Heist: Cracking Corporate DNA Luna’s first major hack targeted Heineken’s legendary “A-yeast” strain, developed in 1886 by Dr. Hartog Elion—a student of renowned chemist Louis Pasteur—in the company’s Amsterdam laboratory and protected by over 150 years of trade secret law. Using samples obtained from discarded brewery waste (technically legal under the “garbage doctrine”), she spent six months mapping the strain’s complete genetic sequence in her makeshift lab. The breakthrough required extraordinary ingenuity. Luna couldn’t afford professional gene sequencers, so she modified a broken Illumina iSeq100 purchased on eBay for $200. Her sequencing runs took weeks rather than hours; her results were identical to those produced by million-dollar laboratory equipment. Her detailed laboratory notebooks, later published as The Garage Genomics Manifesto, became essential reading for the biotech hacker movement. The Budweiser project proved even more challenging. Anheuser-Busch’s century-old master strain had been protected by layers of corporate secrecy rivaling classified military programs. The company maintained multiple backup cultures in cryogenic facilities across three continents, never allowing complete genetic mapping by outside researchers. Luna’s success required infiltrating the company’s waste-disposal systems at four breweries, collecting samples over 18 months while evading corporate security. The Decision The night before Luna was scheduled to meet her fellow bio-hackers at Oakland’s Counter Culture Labs, she sat at her workstation, hesitant, wondering if she was doing the right thing. Her sister Maya came in, looking worried. “Luna, I found something you need to see,” she says. “Remember Marcus Park? He tried releasing proprietary yeast information in 2039. Heineken buried him. He lost everything. His daughter dropped out of college. His wife left him. He’s working at a gas station now.” Luna spent the night researching what happened to Park. She found that almost everyone who challenged corporate IP ended up on the losing side of the law. It was not pretty. In the morning, Abuela Rosa finds her crying in her room. “Mija, what’s wrong?” she asks. “Oh, Abuela,” Luna says between sobs. “What am I doing? What if I’m wrong? What if I destroy our family? What if this ruins Mom and Dad? What if I’m just being selfish?” “That’s the fear talking.” Her grandmother reassured her. “Fear is wisdom warning you to be careful. But fear can also be a cage.” That evening at the Counter Culture Labs, Luna assembled a small group of advisors. She needed their guidance. She had the completed genetic sequences for Heineken A-yeast and Budweiser’s master strain on her laptop, ready for release. But is this the time and place to release them to the world? Dr. Marcus Webb, a bioinformatics researcher in his forties and Luna’s mentor, examined her sequencing data. “This is solid work, Luna. Your jury-rigged equipment is crude. The results are accurate. You’ve fully mapped both strains.” “The question isn’t whether I can do it,” Luna said. “It’s whether I should let the world know I did it.” On screen, Cory Doctorow, the author and digital rights activist, leaned forward. “Let’s be clear about what you’re proposing. You’d be releasing genetic information that corporations have protected as trade secrets for over a century. They’ll argue you stole their intellectual property. You’ll face lawsuits, possibly criminal charges.” “Is it their property?” Luna challenged. “These are naturally occurring organisms. They didn’t create that yeast. Evolution did. They just happened to be there when it appeared. That does not make it theirs any more than finding a wildflower means they own the species. Can you really own something that existed before you found it?” Doctorow, the Electronic Frontier Foundation representative spoke up. “There’s legal precedent both ways. Diamond v. Chakrabarty established that genetically modified organisms can be patented. But naturally occurring genetic sequences? That’s murky. The companies will argue that their decades of cultivation and protection created protectable trade secrets.” “Trade secrets require keeping information secret,” Luna argued. “They throw this yeast away constantly. If they’re not protecting it, how can they claim trade secret status?” Dr. Webb cautioned, “Luna, even if you’re legally in the right—which is debatable—you’re seventeen years old. You’ll be fighting multinational corporations with unlimited legal resources. They’ll bury you in litigation for years.” “That’s where we come in,” Doctorow said. “The EFF can provide legal defense. Creative Commons can help structure the license. You need to understand: this will consume your life. College, career plans, normal teenage experiences—all on hold while you fight this battle.” Luna was quiet for a moment, then pulled up a photo on her laptop: her grandmother Rosa, teaching her to ferment at age seven. “My abuela says fermentation is about sharing and passing living cultures between generations. Corporations have turned it into intellectual property to be protected and controlled. If I can break that control—even a little—isn’t that worth fighting for?” Maya spoke up from the back. “Luna, I love you, but you’re being naive. They won’t just sue you. They’ll make an example of you. Your face on every news channel, portrayed as a thief, a criminal. Our family harassed. Your future destroyed. For what? So people can brew beer with the same yeast as Heineken?” “Not just beer,” Luna responded passionately. “This is about whether living organisms can be owned. Whether genetic information—the code of life itself—can be locked behind intellectual property law. Yes, it starts with beer yeast. But what about beneficial bacteria? Life-saving microorganisms? Medicine-producing fungi? Where does it end?” Dr. Webb nodded slowly. “She’s right. This is bigger than beer. As biotech advances, genetic control becomes power over life itself. Do we want corporations owning that?” Doctorow sighed. “If you do this, Luna, do it right. Release everything simultaneously—BitTorrent, WikiLeaks, Creative Commons servers, distributed networks worldwide. Make it impossible to contain. Include complete cultivation protocols so anyone can reproduce your results. Make the data so damn widely available that suppressing it becomes futile.” “And write a manifesto,” he added. “Explain why you’re doing this. Frame the issue. Make it about principles, not piracy.” Luna nodded, fingers already typing. “When should I release?” “Pick a date with symbolic meaning,” Dr. Webb suggested. “Make it an event, not just a data dump.” Luna smiled. “December 15. The Bill of Rights Day. Appropriate for declaring biological rights, don’t you think?” Maya groaned. “You’re really doing this, aren’t you?” “Yes. I’m really doing this.” The Creative Commons Liberation On Tuesday, December 15, 2043—a date now celebrated as “Open Flavor Day”—Luna released the genetic sequences on multiple open-source networks. Her manifesto, titled Your Grandmother’s Yeast Is Your Birthright, argued that microbial genetics belonged to humanity’s shared heritage rather than corporate shareholders. It stated: Commercial companies have protected yeast strains for over a century. They’ve used intellectual property law to control flavor itself. But genetic information isn’t like a recipe or a formula—it’s biological code that evolved over millions of years before humans ever cultivated it. These strains are protected as trade secrets—the bacteria don’t belong to anyone. They existed before Heineken, before Budweiser, before trademark law. The companies just happened to isolate and cultivate them. Her data packages included DNA sequences and complete protocols for cultivating, modifying, and improving the strains. Luna’s releases came with user-friendly software that allowed amateur brewers to simulate genetic modifications before attempting them in real fermentations. Within 24 hours, over ten thousand people worldwide downloaded the files. The Creative Commons community erupted in celebration. Cory Doctorow’s blog post, The Teenager Who Stole Christmas (From Corporate Beer), went viral within hours. The Electronic Frontier Foundation immediately offered Luna legal protection, while the Free Software Foundation created the “Luna Defense Fund” to support her anticipated legal battles. The Legal Assault Heineken’s response was swift. The company filed emergency injunctions in 12 countries simultaneously, seeking to prevent the distribution of its “stolen intellectual property.” Their legal team, led by former U.S. Attorney General William Barr III, demanded Luna’s immediate arrest for “economic terrorism” and “theft of trade secrets valued at over $50 billion.” Anheuser-Busch’s reaction was even more extreme. CEO Marcel Telles IV appeared on CNBC, calling Luna “a bioterrorist who threatens the foundation of American capitalism.” The company hired private investigators to surveil Luna’s family and offered a $10 million reward for information leading to her prosecution. Their legal filing compared Luna’s actions to “stealing the formula for Coca-Cola and publishing it in the New York Times.” In Heineken’s Amsterdam headquarters, executives convened an emergency meeting. “Who is Luna Reyes?” the CEO demanded. The legal counsel pulled up information. “She’s a seventeen-year-old high school student in Oakland, California. No criminal record. Volunteers at a maker space. Has been posting about fermentation on various forums for years.” “A child released our proprietary yeast strain to the world, and we didn’t know she was even working on this?” The CEO’s face reddened. “How do we contain it?” “We can’t. It’s distributed across thousands of servers in dozens of countries with different IP laws. We can sue Reyes, but the information is out there permanently.” An executive interjected, “What about the other breweries? Will they join our lawsuit?” “Some are considering it. Others…” The counsel paused. “Others are quietly downloading the sequences themselves. They see an opportunity to break our market dominance.” “She obtained samples from our waste disposal,” another executive explained. “Technically legal under the garbage doctrine. The sequencing itself isn’t illegal. The release under Creative Commons…” “Is theft!” the CEO shouted. “File emergency injunctions. Twelve countries. Get her arrested for economic terrorism.” Similar scenes played out at Anheuser-Busch headquarters in St. Louis. CEO Telles addressed his team: “This is bioterrorism. She’s destroyed intellectual property worth billions. I want her prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Hire private investigators. Find everything about her and her family. Make her life hell!” By noon, both companies had filed lawsuits. By evening, Fox News was running stories about the “teenage bioterrorist” who “stole American corporate secrets.” Back in Oakland, Luna’s phone rang constantly. Her parents discovered what she’d done. Her mother cried. Her father was furious and terrified. Friends called with either congratulations or warnings. She was convinced that private investigators were photographing their house. Maya suspected she was followed to work. On Wednesday morning, Dr. Webb calls: “Luna, they’re offering me $2 million to testify against you. They’re going after everyone in your network.” Luna has a sickening feeling that she’s put everyone at risk. By Thursday, she is considering taking it all back somehow, sending an apology to the corporations, anything to protect her family. Luna turned off her phone and sat with her grandmother. “It’s started,” Luna said quietly. “Sí, mija. You’ve declared war. Now we see if you can survive it.” Maya burst in, laptop in hand. “Luna, you need to see this. The downloads aren’t slowing—they’re accelerating. Every time Heineken or Budweiser shuts down a website, ten mirror sites appear. People are treating this like a digital freedom fight. You’ve become a symbol.” Luna pulled up her own screen. The #FreeLuna hashtag was trending. Crowdfunding campaigns for her legal defense had raised $400,000 in twelve hours. Academic institutions were publicly endorsing her release, calling it “essential scientific information.” “They’re trying to destroy you,” Maya said, “but they’re making you famous instead.” Rosa handed Luna a fresh kombucha. “This is what happens when you fight for what’s right, mija. Sometimes the world surprises you by supporting you.” Luna’s Fame The corporations’ attempts to suppress Luna’s releases had the opposite effect. Every cease-and-desist letter generated thousands of new downloads. The genetic data became impossible to contain once the academic community embraced Luna’s work. Dr. Jennifer Doudna, the legendary Crispr pioneer now in her eighties, publicly endorsed Luna’s releases in a Science magazine editorial: Ms. Reyes has liberated essential scientific information that corporations held hostage for commercial gain. Genetic sequences from naturally occurring organisms should not be locked behind intellectual property law. They belong to humanity’s knowledge commons. While corporations claim Luna stole trade secrets, I argue she freed biological knowledge that was never theirs to own. There are no trade secrets in biology—only knowledge temporarily hidden from the commons. This is civil disobedience of the highest order—breaking unjust laws to advance human freedom. Ms. Reyes didn’t steal; she liberated. MIT’s biology department invited Luna to lecture, while Harvard offered her a full scholarship despite her lack of a high school diploma. The legal battles consumed corporate resources while generating negative publicity. Heineken’s stock price dropped 34% as consumers organized boycotts in support of Luna’s “yeast liberation.” Beer sales plummeted as customers waited for home-brewed alternatives using Luna’s open-source genetics. The Flavor Renaissance Luna’s releases triggered an explosion of creativity that corporate R&D departments had never imagined. Within six months, amateur brewers worldwide were producing thousands of flavor variations impossible under corporate constraints. The open-source model enabled rapid iteration and global collaboration, rendering traditional brewing companies obsolete. The world was engaged. In some of the most unlikely places. In Evanston, Illinois, a group of former seminary students who discovered fermentation during a silent retreat, transformed Gregorian chants into microbial devotionals. Tenor Marcus Webb (Dr. Webb’s nephew) realized symbiosis mirrored vocal harmony—multiple voices creating something greater than their parts. “In honoring the mystery of fermentation we express our love of the Creator,” he said. Here's ‘Consortium Vocalis' honoring the mother SCOBY. [Chorus]Our SCOBYIs pureOur SCOBYIs strongOur SCOBYKnows no boundariesOur SCOBYStrengthens as it fermentsOur SCOBYIs bacteria and yeast Our SCOBYTurns sucrose into glucose and fructoseIt ferments these simple sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide,Acetic acid bacteria oxidize much of that ethanol into organic acidsSuch as acetic, gluconic, and other acids.This steadily lowers the pHMaking the tea taste sour-tangy instead of purely sweet. [Chorus] Our SCOBYThen helps microbes produce acids, enzymes, and small amounts of B‑vitaminsWhile probiotics grow in the liquid.The pH falls to help inhibit unwanted microbesOur SCOBY creates a self-preserving, acidic environment in the tea [Chorus] In Kingston, Jamaica, Rastafarian’s combined an award-winning kombucha sequenced in Humboldt County, California, with locally grown ganja into a sacramental beverage to help open their mind to reasoning and focus on Jah. Once fermented, it was consumed over the course of a three-day Nyabinghi ceremony. “Luna Reyes is truly blessed. She strengthened our unity as a people, and our Rastafari’ booch help us chant down Babylon,” a Rasta man smiled, blowing smoke from a spliff the size of his arm. The Groundation Collective’s reggae anthem ‘Oh Luna’ joyfully celebrated Luna Reyes’ pioneering discovery. Oh Luna, Oh Luna, Oh Luna ReyesI love the sound of your nameYou so deserve your fame Luna, Luna, Oh Luna ReyesShining brightYou warm my heart Luna, Luna, Oh Luna ReyesYou cracked the codeTeenage prophet, fermentation queenSymbiosis roadA genius at seventeen Oh Luna, Luna, Luna ReyesBeautiful moonMakes me swoon Oh Luna, Luna, Luna ReyesFreedom to fermentYou are heaven sentTo save us Luna, Luna, Oh Luna ReyesYou opened the doorTo so much moreKombucha tastes so goodLike it should Oh Luna, Oh Luna, Oh LunaI love you, love you, love youOh Luna, Luna, LunaLove you, love you,Love Luna, Luna love. In São Paulo, Brazil, MAPA-certified Brazilian kombucha brands combined Heineken and cacao-fermenting yeasts with cupuaçu from indigenous Amazonian peoples, to create the chocolate-flavored ‘booch that won Gold at the 20th World Kombucha Awards. A cervejeiro explained to reporters: “Luna Reyes gave us the foundation. We added local innovation. This is what happens when you democratize biology.” The Brazilian singer Dandara Sereia covered ‘Our Fermented Future’—The Hollow Pines tune destined to become a hit at the 2053 Washington DC Fermentation Festival. Baby sit a little closer, sip some ‘booch with meI brewed this batch with the SCOBY my grandma gave to me.On the back porch swing at twilight, watching fireflies danceYour hand in mine, kombucha fine, the sweetest sweet romance. They say that wine and roses are the way to win the heartBut your kombucha warmed me right up from the start.Fermentation makes the heart grow fonder, truer words they ain’t been saidYour SCOBY’s got a place forever — in my heart, and in my bed. Let’s share our SCOBYs, baby, merge our ferments into oneLike cultures in a crock jar dancing, underneath the sun.The tang of your Lactobacillus is exactly what I’m missingYour Brettanomyces bacteria got this country girl reminiscing. Oh yeah, let’s share those SCOBYs, baby, merge our ferments into oneYour yeasts and my bacteria working till the magic’s doneYou’ve got the acetic acid honey, I’ve got the patience and the timeLet’s bubble up together, let our cultures intertwine. I’ve got that symbiotic feeling, something wild and something trueYour SCOBY’s in my heart, right there next to youThe way your Acetobacter turns sugar into goldIs how you turned my lonely life into a hand to hold. We’ve got the acetic acid and the glucuronic tooWe’ve got that symbiotic feeling, so righteous and so trueOne sip of your sweet ‘booch, Lord, and you had me from the start,It’s our fermented future, that no-one can tear apart. It’s our fermented future…It’s our fermented future…It’s our fermented future… “Luna Variants”—strains derived from her releases—began winning international brewing competitions, embarrassing corporate entries with their complexity and innovation. Traditional beer flavors seemed flat and artificial compared to the genetic symphonies created by collaborative open-source development. Despite the outpouring of positive vibes, the corporations spared no expense to hold Luna to account in the courts. The Preliminary Hearing A preliminary hearing was held in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on June 14, 2044. Luna sat at the defendant’s table, her hands folded so tightly her knuckles had gone white. She wore a borrowed blazer—too big in the shoulders—over a white button-down shirt Maya had ironed that morning. At seventeen, she looked even younger under the courtroom’s fluorescent lights. Across the aisle, Heineken’s legal team occupied three tables. Fifteen attorneys in matching navy suits shuffled documents and whispered into phones. Their lead counsel, William Barr III, wore gold cufflinks that caught the light when he gestured. Luna recognized him from the news—the former Attorney General, now commanding $2,000 an hour to destroy people like her. Her own legal representation consisted of two people: Rose Kennerson from the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a public interest lawyer who’d flown in from DC on a red-eye, and Dr. Marcus Webb, technically a witness but sitting beside Luna because she’d asked him to. Behind them, the gallery was packed. Luna’s parents sat in the second row, her father’s face gray, her mother clutching a rosary. Maya had taken the day off work. Abuela Rosa sat in the front row directly behind Luna, her ancient SCOBY wrapped in silk in her lap, as if its presence might protect her granddaughter. Judge Catherine Ironwood entered—sixty-ish, steel-gray hair pulled back severely, known for pro-corporate rulings. She’d been a pharmaceutical industry lawyer for twenty years before her appointment. “All rise,” the bailiff called. Judge Ironwood settled into her chair and surveyed the courtroom with the expression of someone who’d already decided the outcome and resented having to perform the formalities. “We’re here for a preliminary injunction hearing in Heineken International B.V. versus Luna Marie Reyes.” She looked directly at Luna. “Ms. Reyes, you’re seventeen years old?” Luna stood, hesitant. “Yes, your honor.” “Where are your parents?” “Here, your honor.” Luna’s mother half-rose, then sat back down. “Ms. Kennerson, your client is a minor. Are the parents aware they could be held liable for damages?” Rose Kennerson stood smoothly. “Yes, your honor. The Reyes family has been fully advised of the legal implications.” Luna glanced back. Her father’s jaw was clenched so tight she could see the muscles working. He wouldn’t meet her eyes. “Very well. Mr. Barr, you may proceed.” Barr rose like a battleship emerging from fog—massive, expensive, inevitable. He buttoned his suit jacket and approached the bench without notes. “Your honor, this is the simplest case I’ve argued in thirty years. The defendant admits to obtaining my client’s proprietary biological materials. She admits to sequencing their genetic information. She admits to distributing that information globally, in deliberate violation of trade secret protections that have existed for over 150 years. She did this knowingly, systematically, and with the explicit intent to destroy my client’s competitive advantage.” Luna felt Sarah’s hand on her arm—stay calm. Barr continued. “Heineken International has invested over $200 million in the development, cultivation, and protection of the A-yeast strain. Then this teenager”—he pointed at Luna—”obtained samples from our waste disposal systems, reverse-engineered our genetic sequences, and released them to the world via BitTorrent, deliberately placing them beyond retrieval.” He paced now, warming to his theme. “The damage is incalculable. We estimate lost market value at $50 billion. But it’s not just about money. The defendant has destroyed the possibility of competition in the brewing industry. When everyone has access to the same genetic materials, there’s no innovation, no differentiation, no reason for consumers to choose one product over another. She has, in effect, communized an entire industry.” Luna couldn’t help herself. “That’s not—” Sarah grabbed her wrist. “Don’t.” Judge Ironwood’s eyes narrowed. “Ms. Reyes, you will have your opportunity to speak. Until then, you will remain silent, or I will have you removed from this courtroom. Do you understand?” “Yes, your honor.” Luna’s voice came out smaller than she intended. Barr smiled slightly. “Your honor, the relief we seek is straightforward. We ask this court to order the defendant to provide us with a complete list of all servers, websites, and distribution networks where the stolen genetic data currently resides. We ask that she be ordered to cooperate fully in suppressing the data. We ask that she be enjoined from any further distribution. And we ask that she be ordered to pay compensatory damages of $5 billion, plus punitive damages to be determined at trial.” He returned to his seat. One of his associate attorneys handed him a bottle of Pellegrino. He took a sip and waited. Judge Ironwood looked at Sarah. “Ms. Kennerson?” Sarah stood. She looked tiny compared to Barr—five-foot-three, maybe 110 pounds, wearing a suit from Target. But when she spoke, her voice filled the courtroom. “Your honor, Mr. Barr has given you a compelling story about a corporation that’s been wronged. But it’s not the right story. The right story is about whether naturally occurring organisms—creatures that evolved over millions of years, long before humans ever existed—can be owned by a corporation simply because that corporation happened to isolate them.” She walked toward the bench. “Let’s be clear about what the A-yeast strain is. It’s not a genetically modified organism. It’s not a patented invention. It’s a naturally occurring yeast. Heineken didn’t create it. Evolution created it. Heineken merely found it. And for 158 years, they’ve claimed that finding something gives them the right to prevent anyone else from studying it, understanding it, or using it.” Barr was on his feet. “Objection, your honor. This is a preliminary hearing about injunctive relief, not a philosophical debate about intellectual property theory.” “Sustained. Ms. Kennerson, please focus on the specific legal issues before this court.” “Your honor, the specific legal issue is whether naturally occurring genetic sequences constitute protectable trade secrets. My client contends they do not. She obtained the yeast samples from Heineken’s waste disposal—materials they had discarded. Under the garbage doctrine, she had every right to analyze those materials. The genetic sequences she discovered are factual information about naturally occurring organisms. You cannot trade-secret facts about nature.” Luna watched Judge Ironwood’s face. Nothing. No reaction. Sarah pressed on. “Mr. Barr claims my client ‘stole’ genetic information worth $5 billion. But information cannot be stolen—it can only be shared. When I tell you a fact, I don’t lose possession of that fact. We both have it. That’s how knowledge works. Heineken hasn’t lost their yeast. They still have it. They can still brew with it. What they’ve lost is their monopoly on that knowledge. And monopolies on facts about nature should never have existed in the first place.” “Your honor—” Barr tried to interrupt. Judge Ironwood waved him down. “Continue, Ms. Kennerson.” “Your honor, Heineken wants this court to order a seventeen-year-old girl to somehow suppress information that has already been distributed to over 100,000 people in 147 countries. That’s impossible. You can’t unring a bell. You can’t put knowledge back in a bottle. Even if this court ordered my client to provide a list of servers—which she shouldn’t have to do—that list would be incomplete within hours as new mirror sites appeared. The information is out. The only question is whether we punish my client for sharing factual information about naturally occurring organisms.” She turned to face Luna’s family. “Ms. Reyes taught herself bioinformatics from YouTube videos. She works at home with equipment she bought on eBay. She has no criminal record. She’s never been in trouble. She saw a question that interested her—why do commercial beers taste like they do?—and she pursued that question with the tools available to her. When she discovered the answer, she shared it with the world, under a Creative Commons license that specifically protects sharing for educational and scientific purposes. If that’s terrorism, your honor, then every scientist who’s ever published a research paper is a terrorist.” Sarah sat down. Luna wanted to hug her. Judge Ironwood leaned back. “Ms. Reyes, stand up.” Luna rose, her legs shaking. “Do you understand the seriousness of these proceedings?” “Yes, your honor.” “Do you understand that Heineken International is asking me to hold you in contempt of court if you refuse to help them suppress the information you released?” “Yes, your honor.” “Do you understand that contempt of court could result in your detention in a juvenile facility until you reach the age of eighteen, and potentially longer if the contempt continues?” Luna’s mother gasped audibly. Her father put his arm around her. “Yes, your honor,” Luna said, though her voice wavered. “Then let me ask you directly: If I order you to provide Heineken with a complete list of all locations where the genetic data you released currently resides, will you comply?” The courtroom went silent. Luna could hear her own heartbeat. Sarah started to stand—”Your honor, I advise my client not to answer—” “Sit down, Ms. Kennerson. I’m asking your client a direct question. She can choose to answer or not.” Judge Ironwood’s eyes never left Luna. “Well, Ms. Reyes? Will you comply with a court order to help Heineken suppress the information you released?” Luna looked at her parents. Her mother was crying silently. Her father’s face was stone. She looked at Abuela Rosa. Her grandmother nodded once—tell the truth. Luna looked back at the judge. “No, your honor.” Barr shot to his feet. “Your honor, the defendant has just admitted she intends to defy a court order—” “I heard her, Mr. Barr.” Judge Ironwood’s voice was ice. “Ms. Reyes, do you understand you’ve just told a federal judge you will refuse a direct order?” “Yes, your honor.” “And you’re still refusing?” “Yes, your honor.” “Why?” Sarah stood quickly. “Your honor, my client doesn’t have to explain—” “I want to hear it.” Judge Ironwood leaned forward. “Ms. Reyes, tell me why you would risk jail rather than help undo what you’ve done.” Luna took a breath. Her whole body was shaking, but her voice was steady. “Because it would be wrong, your honor.” “Wrong how?” “The genetic sequences I released evolved over millions of years. Heineken didn’t create that yeast. They isolated one strain and claimed ownership of it. The code of life belongs to everyone. That’s humanity’s heritage. Even if you send me to jail, I can’t help suppress the truth.” Judge Ironwood stared at her for a long moment. “That’s a very pretty speech, Ms. Reyes. But this court operates under the law, not your personal philosophy about what should or shouldn’t be owned. Trade secret law exists. Heineken’s rights exist. And you violated those rights.” Luna did not hesitate. “With respect, your honor, I don’t think those rights should exist.” Barr exploded. “Your honor, this is outrageous! The defendant is openly stating she believes she has the right to violate any law she disagrees with—” “That’s not what I said.” Luna’s fear was transforming into something else—something harder. “I’m saying that some laws are unjust. And when laws are unjust, civil disobedience becomes necessary. People broke unjust laws during the civil rights movement. People broke unjust laws when they helped slaves escape. The constitution says members of the military do not have to obey illegal orders, despite what those in power might claim. Sometimes the law is wrong. And when the law says corporations can own genetic information about naturally occurring organisms, the law is wrong.” Judge Ironwood’s face flushed. “Ms. Reyes, you are not Rosa Parks. This is not the civil rights movement. This is a case about intellectual property theft.” “It’s a case about whether life can be property, your honor.” “Enough.” Judge Ironwood slammed her gavel. “Ms. Kennerson, control your client.” Sarah pulled Luna back into her chair. “Luna, stop talking,” she hissed. Judge Ironwood shuffled papers, visibly trying to compose herself. “I’m taking a fifteen-minute recess to consider the injunction request. We’ll reconvene at 11:30. Ms. Reyes, I strongly suggest you use this time to reconsider your position.” The gavel fell again, and Judge Ironwood swept out. The hallway outside the courtroom erupted. Reporters swarmed. Luna’s father grabbed her arm and pulled her into a witness room. Her mother followed, still crying. Maya slipped in before Sarah closed the door. “What were you thinking?” Luna’s father’s voice shook. “You just told a federal judge you’ll defy her orders. They’re going to put you in jail, Luna. Do you understand that? Jail!” “Ricardo, please—” Her mother tried to calm him. “No, Elena. Our daughter just committed contempt of court in front of fifty witnesses. They’re going to take her from us.” He turned to Luna, his eyes wet. “Why? Why couldn’t you just apologize? Say you made a mistake? We could have ended this.” “Because I didn’t make a mistake, Papa.” “You destroyed their property!” “It wasn’t their property. It was never their property.” “The law says it was!” “Then the law is wrong!” Her father stepped back as if she’d slapped him. “Do you know what your mother and I have sacrificed to keep you out of trouble? Do you know how hard we’ve worked since we came to this country to give you opportunities we never had? And you throw it away for yeast. Not for justice. Not for people. For yeast.” Luna’s eyes filled with tears. “It’s not about yeast, Papa. It’s about whether corporations get to own life. If Heineken can own yeast, why not bacteria? Why not human genes? Where does it stop?” “It stops when my daughter goes to jail!” He was shouting now. “I don’t care about Heineken. I don’t care about yeast. I care about you. And you just told that judge you’ll defy her. She’s going to put you in jail, and there’s nothing I can do to stop it.” “Ricardo, por favor—” Elena put her hand on his arm. He shook it off. “No. She needs to hear this. Luna, if you go to jail, your life is over. No college will accept you. No company will hire you. You’ll have a criminal record. You’ll be marked forever. Is that what you want?” “I want to do what’s right.” “What’s right is protecting your family! What’s right is not destroying your future for a principle!” he said. Luna responded, “What’s right is not letting corporations own the code of life!”They stared at each other. Maya spoke up quietly from the corner. “Papa, she can’t back down now. The whole world is watching.” “Let the world watch someone else!” Ricardo turned on Maya. “You encourage this. You film her, you post her manifestos online, you help her become famous. You’re her sister. You’re supposed to protect her, not help her destroy herself.” “I am protecting her,” Maya said. “I’m protecting her from becoming someone who backs down when the world tells her she’s wrong, even though she knows she’s right.” Ricardo looked between his daughters. “Ambos están locos! You’re both insane.” Abuela Rosa opened the door and entered. She’d been listening from the hallway. “Ricardo, enough.” “Mama, stay out of this.” “No.” Rosa moved between Ricardo and Luna. “You’re afraid. I understand. But fear makes you cruel, mijo. Your daughter is brave. She’s doing something important. And you’re making her choose between you and what’s right. Don’t do that.” “She’s seventeen years old! She’s a child!” “She’s old enough to know right from wrong.” Rosa put her hand on Ricardo’s cheek. “When I was sixteen, I left Oaxaca with nothing but the clothes on my back and this SCOBY. Everyone said I was crazy. Your father said I would fail. But I knew I had to go, even if it cost me everything. Sometimes our children have to do things that terrify us. That’s how the world changes.” Ricardo pulled away. “If they put her in jail, will that change the world, Mama? When she’s sitting in a cell while Heineken continues doing whatever they want, will that have been worth it?” “Yes,” Luna said quietly. “Even if I go to jail, yes. Because thousands of people now have the genetic sequences, Heineken can’t put that back. They can punish me, but they can’t undo what I did. The information is free. It’s going to stay free. And if the price of that is me going to jail, then that’s the price.” Her father looked at her as if seeing her for the first time. “I don’t know who you are anymore.” “I’m still your daughter, Papa. I’m just also someone who won’t let corporations own life.” A knock on the door. Sarah poked her head in. “They’re reconvening. Luna, we need to go.” Back in the courtroom, the atmosphere had shifted. The gallery was more crowded—word had spread during the recess. Luna recognized several people from online forums. Some held signs reading “FREE LUNA” and “GENETICS BELONG TO EVERYONE.” Judge Ironwood entered and sat without ceremony. “I’ve reviewed the submissions and heard the arguments. This is my ruling.” Luna’s hand found Maya’s in the row behind her. Squeezed tight. “The question before this court is whether to grant Heineken International’s motion for a preliminary injunction requiring Ms. Reyes to assist in suppressing the genetic information she released. To grant such an injunction, Heineken must demonstrate four things: likelihood of success on the merits, likelihood of irreparable harm without the injunction, balance of equities in their favor, and that an injunction serves the public interest.” Barr was nodding. These were his arguments. “Having considered the evidence and the applicable law, I find that Heineken has demonstrated likelihood of success on the merits. Trade secret law clearly protects proprietary business information, and the A-yeast strain appears to meet the legal definition of a trade secret.” Luna’s stomach dropped. “However, I also find that Heineken has failed to demonstrate that a preliminary injunction would effectively prevent the irreparable harm they claim. Ms. Kennerson is correct that the genetic information has already been distributed to over 100,000 people worldwide. Ordering one teenager to provide a list of servers would be, in technical terms, pointless. New copies would appear faster than they could be suppressed.” Barr’s face tightened. “Furthermore, I find that the balance of equities does not favor Heineken. They ask this court to potentially incarcerate a seventeen-year-old girl for refusing to suppress information that is, by her account, factual data about naturally occurring organisms. The potential harm to Ms. Reyes—including detention, criminal record, and foreclosure of educational and career opportunities—substantially outweighs any additional harm Heineken might suffer from continued distribution of information that is already widely distributed.” Luna felt Maya’s grip tighten. Was this good? This sounded good. “Finally, and most importantly, I find that granting this injunction would not serve the public interest. The court takes judicial notice that this case has generated substantial public debate about the scope of intellectual property protection in biotechnology. The questions raised by Ms. Reyes—whether naturally occurring genetic sequences should be ownable, whether facts about nature can be trade secrets, whether knowledge can be property—are questions that deserve answers from a higher authority than this court. These are questions for appellate courts, perhaps ultimately for the Supreme Court. And they are questions best answered in the context of a full trial on the merits, not in an emergency injunction hearing.” Barr was on his feet. “Your honor—” “Sit down, Mr. Barr. I’m not finished.” He sat, his face purple. “Therefore, Heineken International’s motion for preliminary injunction is denied. Ms. Reyes will not be required to assist in suppressing the genetic information she released. However,”—Judge Ironwood looked directly at Luna—”this ruling should not be construed as approval of Ms. Reyes’ actions. Heineken’s claims for damages and other relief remain viable and will proceed to trial. Ms. Reyes, you may have won this battle, but this war is far from over. Anything you want to say?” Luna stood slowly. “Your honor, I just want to say… thank you. For letting this go to trial. For letting these questions be answered properly. That’s all I ever wanted—for someone to seriously consider whether corporations should be allowed to own genetic information about naturally occurring organisms. So thank you.” Judge Ironwood’s expression softened slightly. “Ms. Reyes, I hope you’re prepared for what comes next. Heineken has unlimited resources. They will pursue this case for years if necessary. You’ll be in litigation until you’re twenty-five years old. Your entire young adulthood will be consumed by depositions, court appearances, and legal fees. Are you prepared for that?” “Yes, your honor.” “Why?” Luna glanced at her grandmother, who nodded. “Because some questions are worth answering, your honor. Even if it takes years. Even if it costs everything. The question of whether corporations can own life—that’s worth answering. And if I have to spend my twenties answering it, then that’s what I’ll do.” Judge Ironwood studied her for a long moment. “You remind me of someone I used to know. Someone who believed the law should serve justice, not just power.” She paused. “That person doesn’t exist anymore. The law ground her down. I hope it doesn’t do the same to you.” She raised her gavel. “This hearing is adjourned. The parties will be notified of the trial date once it’s scheduled. Ms. Reyes, good luck. I think you’re going to need it.” The gavel fell. Outside the courthouse, the scene was chaotic. News cameras surrounded Luna. Reporters shouted questions. But Luna barely heard them. She was looking at her father, who stood apart from the crowd, watching her. She walked over to him. “Papa, I’m sorry I yelled.” He didn’t speak for a moment. Then he pulled her into a hug so tight it hurt. “Don’t apologize for being brave,” he whispered into her hair. “I’m just afraid of losing you.” “You won’t lose me, Papa. I promise.” “You can’t promise that. Not anymore.” He pulled back, holding her shoulders. “But I’m proud of you. I’m terrified, but I’m proud.” Her mother joined them, tears streaming down her face. “No more court. Please, no more court.” “I can’t promise that either, Mama.” Elena touched Luna’s face. “Then promise me you’ll be careful. Promise me you’ll remember that you’re not just fighting for genetics. You’re fighting for your life.” Luna smiled. “I promise.” Abuela Rosa appeared, carrying her SCOBY. “Come, mija. We should go before the reporters follow us home.” As they pushed through the crowd toward Maya’s car, Luna's phone buzzed continuously. Text messages and emails pouring in. But what caught her attention was a text from Dr. Webb: You were right. I’m sorry I doubted. Check your email—Dr. Doudna wants to talk. Luna opened her email. The subject line made her stop walking: From: jennifer.doudna@berkeley.eduSubject: Civil Disobedience of the Highest Order She started to read: Dear Ms. Reyes, I watched your hearing this morning. What you did in that courtroom—refusing to back down even when threatened with jail—was one of the bravest things I’ve seen in forty years of science. You’re not just fighting for yeast genetics. You’re fighting for the principle that knowledge about nature belongs to humanity, not to corporations. I want to help… Luna looked up at her family—her father’s worried face, her mother’s tears, Maya’s proud smile, Abuela Rosa’s serene confidence. Behind them, the courthouse where she’d nearly been sent to jail. Around them, reporters and cameras and strangers who’d traveled across the country to support her. She thought about Judge Ironwood’s warning: This war is far from over. She thought about Barr’s face when the injunction was denied. She thought about the thousands who’d downloaded the genetic sequences and were, right now, brewing with genetics that had been locked away for 158 years. Worth it. All of it. Even the fear. Maya opened the car door. “Come on, little revolutionary. Let’s go home.” The Corporate Surrender By 2045, both Heineken and Anheuser-Busch quietly dropped their lawsuits against Luna. Their legal costs had exceeded $200 million while accomplishing nothing except generating bad publicity. More importantly, their “protected” strains had become worthless in a market flooded with superior alternatives. Heineken’s CEO attempted to salvage the company by embracing open-source brewing. His announcement that Heineken would “join the La Luna Revolution” was met with skepticism from the brewing community, which recalled the company’s aggressive legal tactics. The craft brewing community’s response was hostile. “They spent two years trying to destroy her,” a prominent brewmaster told The New Brewer Magazine. “Now they want credit for ’embracing’ the revolution she forced on them? Heineken didn’t join the Luna Revolution—they surrendered to it. There’s a difference.” The global brands never recovered their market share. Luna’s Transformation Luna’s success transformed her from a garage tinkerer into a global icon of the open knowledge movement. Her 2046 TED Talk, “Why Flavor Belongs to Everyone,” went viral. She argued that corporate control over living organisms represented “biological colonialism” that impoverished human culture by restricting natural diversity. Rather than commercializing her fame, Luna founded the Global Fermentation Commons, a nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving and sharing microbial genetics worldwide. Their laboratories operated as open-access research facilities where anyone could experiment with biological systems. The headquarters of the Global Fermentation Commons occupied a former Genentech facility donated by Dr. Webb. Six continents, forty researchers, one mission: preserve and share microbial genetics worldwide. Luna addressed a crowded auditorium at the organization’s third anniversary. “When I released Heineken and Budweiser’s yeast strains, some people called it theft. Others called it liberation. I called it returning biological knowledge to the commons, where it belongs. Three years later, so-called Luna Variants have created economic opportunities for thousands of small brewers, improved food security in developing regions, and demonstrated that genetic freedom drives innovation faster than corporate control.” She continued. “We’re not stopping with beer. The same principles apply to all fermentation: cheese cultures, yogurt bacteria, koji fungi, sourdough starters. Every traditionally fermented food relies on microorganisms that corporations increasingly claim to own. We’re systematically liberating them.” A World Health Organization representative raised a concern: “Ms. Reyes, while we support democratizing food fermentation, there are legitimate concerns about pharmaceutical applications. What prevents someone from using your open-source genetics to create dangerous organisms?” Luna nodded. “Fair question. First, the organisms we release are food-safe cultures with centuries of safe use. Second, dangerous genetic modifications require sophisticated laboratory equipment and expertise—far beyond what releasing genetic sequences enables. Third, determined bad actors already have access to dangerous biology, enabled by AI. We’re not creating new risks; we’re democratizing beneficial biology.” “Pharmaceutical companies argue you’re undermining their investments in beneficial organisms,” another representative pressed. “Pharmaceutical companies invest in modifying organisms,” Luna clarified. “Those modifications can be patented. What we oppose is claiming ownership over naturally occurring organisms or their baseline genetics. If you genetically engineer a bacterium to produce insulin, patent your engineering. Don’t claim ownership over the bacterial species itself.” A Monsanto representative stood. “Your organization recently cracked and released our proprietary seed genetics. That’s direct theft of our property.” Luna didn’t flinch. “Seeds that farmers cultivated for thousands of years before Monsanto existed? You didn’t invent corn, wheat, or soybeans. You modified them. Your modifications may be protectable; the baseline genetics are humanity’s heritage. We’re liberating what should never have been owned.” “The ‘Luna Legion’ has cost us hundreds of millions!” the representative protested. “Good,” Luna responded calmly. “You’ve cost farmers their sovereignty for decades. Consider it karma.” After the presentation, Dr. Doudna approached Luna privately. “You’ve accomplished something remarkable,” the elderly scientist said. “When I developed Crispr, I never imagined a teenager would use similar principles to challenge corporate biology. You’re forcing conversations about genetic ownership that we’ve avoided for decades.” “It needed forcing,” Luna replied. “Corporations were quietly owning life itself, one patent at a time. Someone had to say no.” “The pharmaceutical industry is terrified of you,” Doudna continued. “They see what happened to brewing and imagine the same for their carefully controlled bacterial strains. You’re going to face even more aggressive opposition.” “I know. Once people understand that biological knowledge can be liberated, they start questioning all biological ownership. We’re not stopping.” The New Economy of Taste Following Luna’s breakthrough, peer-to-peer flavor-sharing platforms emerged as the dominant force in food culture. The “FlavorChain” blockchain allowed brewers to track genetic lineages while ensuring proper attribution to original creators. SCOBY lineages were carefully sequenced, catalogued, and registered on global blockchain ledgers. Each award-winning kombucha strain carried a “genetic passport”—its microbial makeup, the unique balance of yeasts and bacteria that gave rise to particular mouthfeel, fizz, and flavor spectrum, was mapped, hashed, and permanently recorded. Brewers who created a new flavor could claim authorship, just as musicians once copyrighted songs. No matter how many times a SCOBY was divided, its fingerprint could be verified. Fermentation Guilds formed to share recipes through FlavorChain, enabling decentralized digital markets like SymbioTrdr, built on trust and transparency rather than speculation. They allowed people to interact and transact on a global, permissionless, self-executing platform. Within days, a SCOBY strain from the Himalayas could appear in a brew in Buenos Aires, its journey traced through open ledgers showing who tended, adapted, and shared it. Kombucha recipes were no longer jealously guarded secrets. They were open to anyone who wanted to brew. With a few clicks, a Guild member in Nairobi could download the blockchain-verified SCOBY genome that had won Gold at the Tokyo Fermentation Festival. Local biotech printers—as common in 2100 kitchens as microwave ovens had once been—could reconstitute the living culture cell by cell. Children began inheriting SCOBY lineages the way earlier generations inherited family names. Weddings combined SCOBY cultures as symbolic unions. (Let’s share our SCOBYs, baby, merge our ferments into one.) When someone died, their SCOBY was divided among friends and family—a continuation of essence through taste. Kombucha was no longer merely consumed; it was communed with. This transparency transformed kombucha from a minority regional curiosity into a universal language. A festival in Brazil might feature ten local interpretations of the same “Golden SCOBY” strain—one brewed with passionfruit, another with cupuaçu, a third with açaí berries. The core microbial signature remained intact, while the terroir of fruit and spice gave each version a unique accent. Brewers didn’t lose their craft—they gained a canvas. Award-winning SCOBYs were the foundations on which endless new flavor experiments flourished. Many people were now as prolific as William Esslinger, the founder of St Louis’s Confluence Kombucha, who was renowned for developing 800 flavors in the 2020s. Code of Symbiosis The Symbiosis Code, ratified at the first World Fermentation Gathering in Reykjavik (2063), bound Fermentation Guilds to three principles: Transparency — All microbial knowledge is to be shared freely. Reciprocity — No brew should be produced without acknowledging the source. Community — Every fermentation must nourish more than the brewer. This code replaced corporate law. It was enforced by reputation, not by governments. A Guild member who betrayed the code found their SCOBYs mysteriously refusing to thrive—a poetic justice the biologists never quite explained. Every Guild had elders—called Mothers of the Jar or Keepers of the Yeast. They carried living SCOBYs wrapped in silk pouches when traveling, exchanging fragments as blessings. These elders became moral anchors of the age, counselors and mediators trusted more than politicians. When disputes arose—over territory, resources, or ethics—brewers, not lawyers, met to share a round of Truth Brew, a ferment so balanced that it was said to reveal dishonesty through bitterness. The Fullness of Time The International Biotech Conference of 2052 invited Luna to give the closing keynote—a controversial decision that prompted several corporate sponsors to withdraw support. The auditorium was packed with supporters, critics, and the merely curious. “Nine years ago, I released genetic sequences for beer yeast strains protected as trade secrets. I was called a thief, a bioterrorist, worse. Today, I want to discuss what we’ve learned from those years of open-source biology.” She displayed a chart showing the explosion of brewing innovation since 2043. “In the traditional corporate model, a few companies control a few strains, producing a limited variety. With the open-source model, thousands of brewers using thousands of variants, producing infinite diversity. As Duff McDonald wrote “Anything that alive contains the universe, or infinite possibility. Kombucha is infinite possibility in a drink.” And the results speak for themselves—flavor innovation accelerated a thousand-fold when we removed corporate control.” A student activist approached the microphone. “Ms. Reyes, you’ve inspired movements to liberate seed genetics, soil bacteria, and traditional medicine cultures. The ‘Luna Legion’ is spreading globally. What’s your message to young people who want to continue this work?” Luna smiled. “First, understand the risks. I was sued by multinational corporations, received death threats, spent years fighting legal battles. This work has costs. Second, be strategic. Release information you’ve generated yourself through legal methods—no hacking, no theft. Third, build communities. I survived because people supported me—legally, financially, emotionally. You can’t fight corporations alone. Finally, remember why you’re doing it: to return biological knowledge to the commons where it belongs. That purpose will sustain you through the hard parts.” Teaching By twenty-eight, Luna was a MacArthur Fellow, teaching fermentation workshops in a converted Anheuser-Busch facility. As she watched her students—former corporate employees learning to think like ecosystems rather than factories—she reflected that her teenage hack had accomplished more than liberating yeast genetics. She had helped humanity remember that flavor, like knowledge, grows stronger when shared rather than hoarded. Luna’s garage had evolved into a sophisticated community biolab. The original jury-rigged equipment had been replaced with professional gear funded by her MacArthur Fellowship. Abuela Rosa still maintained her fermentation crocks in the corner—a reminder of where everything started. A group of five

Today, I'm joined by the inspiring Dr. Darshan Shah, a board-certified surgeon who made the bold leap from the operating room to the forefront of longevity and functional medicine. In our conversation, Dr. Shah opens up about his own journey through burnout, chronic illness, and autoimmune disease, and shares how simple, consistent lifestyle changes became the real medicine that transformed his health. His experience revealed firsthand just how powerful habits like movement, proper nutrition, and sleep can be—often succeeding where surgery and prescriptions fell short.   Episode Timestamps: Intro and offers ... 00:00:00 Dr. Darshan Shah's journey from surgery to lifestyle medicine ... 00:04:37 Simple actions: nutrition, movement, habit formation ... 00:08:41 Challenges of doctors embracing lifestyle changes ... 00:11:06 Building a parallel system: prevention and chronic care ... 00:14:32 Empowering patients: tech, wearables, and AI ... 00:18:27 Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE): mechanism and safety ... 00:27:47 Essential biomarker and at-home tests ... 00:48:19 Continuous glucose monitors and real-time health feedback ... 00:52:33 Next Health model: prevention, functional, lifestyle, longevity ... 00:43:08 Longevity circuit: cellular gym approach ... 00:59:37 Liquid biopsy and early cancer detection ... 01:02:08 Advice for health, self-care, and lifelong vitality ... 01:09:31 Where to learn more and clinic expansion ... 01:10:26   Our Amazing Sponsors: Manukora honey - From remote forests in New Zealand, where bees collect nectar from the native Manuka tea tree. That nectar is naturally rich in antibacterial compounds like MGO, plus antioxidants and prebiotics that support immunity and gut health. Visit manukora.com/NAT to save up to 31% plus $25 worth of free gifts with the Starter Kit - you'll get an MGO 850+ Manuka Honey jar, 5 travel sticks, a wooden spoon, and a guidebook. *Look out for their Black Friday/Cyber Monday promotion from 11/17/25 - 12/02/25..   Qualia NAD+ - A groundbreaking, doctor-formulated vegan formula that boosts your NAD levels by up to 67% for enhanced cellular energy, DNA repair, and detox support. Go to qualialife.com/NATHALIE  and use promo code NATHALIE to get 15% off—and try it risk-free with their 100-day money-back guarantee.   Probiotic Breakthrough by Bioptimizers - uses a stress-tested Lactobacillus plantarum strain that showed over 30× greater survival in bile and intestinal fluid vs. generic strains. Save 15% at bioptimizers.com/bionat and use code BIONAT for 15% off any order. Nat's Links:  YouTube Channel Join My Membership Community Sign up for My Newsletter  Instagram  Facebook Group

Neil Levin, Senior Nutrition Education Manager and product formulator for Now Foods and Protocol for Life Balance, discusses the importance of targeted nutrients for women's health. They delve into various supplements such as magnesium, myo-inositol, progesterone cream, D-Mannose, and biotin, explaining their benefits for conditions like PCOS, blood sugar regulation, menstrual migraines, urinary tract infections, and overall skin, hair, and nail health. The conversation also touches on the importance of tailoring nutrients to individual needs and the role of personalized nutrition in supporting women's health amidst modern stresses.

Dr. Hoffman continues his conversation with Neil Levin, Senior Nutrition Education Manager and product formulator for Now Foods and Protocol for Life Balance.

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Today, I'm thrilled to welcome Dr. Amy Killen, a visionary in hormone optimization and regenerative medicine who is transforming the conversation around women's health and longevity. In this episode, Dr. Killen shares her personal journey—from witnessing her mother's struggle after a hip fracture, to becoming a steadfast advocate for correcting the myths and misinformation that still surround estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone optimization. Episode Timestamps: Ferritin, iron, and hormonal health basics ... 00:00:43 Dr. Amy Killen's evolving hormone focus ... 00:04:02 Women's Health Initiative and estrogen myths ... 00:06:31 Importance of hormone optimization vs. stem cells ... 00:10:25 Testosterone for women: symptoms, labs, delivery options ... 00:12:05 Side effects and nuances of testosterone therapy ... 00:14:01 SHBG, free testosterone, and lab variability ... 00:16:38 Libido, PT-141, and the biopsychosocial lens ... 00:21:46 Iron and ferritin: sweet spot and skin implications ... 00:29:16 Hot vs. HRT: definitions and individualization ... 00:34:23 Debunking estrogen and breast cancer myths ... 00:41:30 Aging expectations and finding the right doctor ... 00:43:18 Advice for women by decade—20s, 30s, 40s, etc. ... 00:47:20 Our Amazing Sponsors: Tro Zzz by Troscriptions - This isn't just melatonin—it's a powerhouse! Oblipair gives you honokiol and agarin to enhance GABA binding, while adenosine and cordycepin boost sleep drive and deep sleep. CBD, CBN, and 5‑HTP round it out. Head to troscriptions.com, use NAT10, and get 10% off your first order. NMN+G Rx by Wizard Sciences - A scientifically formulated blend of NMN, ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, and apigenin. Together, they enhance mitochondrial function, boost NAD+ levels, and support cellular repair. Go to wizardsciences.com and look for NMN+G. Use code NAT15 at checkout to get 15% off your purchase. Probiotic Breakthrough by Bioptimizers: uses a stress-tested Lactobacillus plantarum strain that showed over 30× greater survival in bile and intestinal fluid vs. generic strains. Save 15% at bioptimizers.com/bionat and use code BIONAT for 15% off any order. Nat's Links: YouTube Channel Join My Membership Community Sign up for My Newsletter Instagram Facebook Group

If you've ever walked out of a gynecology appointment still dealing with itching, burning, or a lingering sense that something's off—this conversation is for you. Most gynecologists still treat vaginal symptoms with a basic checklist: swab, prescribe, dismiss. But when those symptoms keep coming back, it's not a coincidence. It's a sign that the standard approach missed something important. On this episode of Medical Disruptors, I'm talking with Dr. Peggy Margetson—a women's health physician who doesn't just treat symptoms, she investigates. Together, they unpack why standard swabs often miss critical information about the vaginal microbiome, including collapsed Lactobacillus populations, hidden pathogens, and recurring pH imbalances that keep infections coming back. From there, the conversation moves into solutions. Dr. Peggy Margetson shares how her clinic uses targeted vaginal probiotics, treats partners when needed, and retests after treatment—not just to manage symptoms, but to confirm resolution. This is about real healing, not repeat prescriptions. If you've been handed the same antibiotic over and over while your symptoms keep returning—or if you've ever felt blamed instead of helped—this episode will give you the language and confidence to push back in the exam room. It's not about being a “difficult” patient. It's about refusing to accept half-answers when your body is asking better questions. Watch now to find out what your doctor isn't testing—and what you can do about it. Looking to schedule a consultation with Dr. E? Book here: drefratlamandre.com/consult Check us out on social media: drefratlamandre.com/instagram drefratlamandre.com/facebook drefratlamandre.com/tiktok #functionalmedicine #drefratlamandre #medicaldisruptor #NPwithaPHD #nursepractitioner #medicalgaslighting Chapters [00:00:00] Intro & mission [00:03:00] Founding her practice [00:14:00] Hidden causes of infection [00:21:00] Vaginal biome testing explained [00:32:00] Partner treatment & estrogen link Guest Links: FB: www.facebook.com/trustwomenshealthcare IG: www.instagram.com/trustwomenshealthcare YT: www.youtube.com/@drpeggynyc Website: www.trustwomenshealthcare.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Today, I'm diving solo into a topic that's both fascinating and a little bit spooky—senescent cells, also known as “zombie cells.” Understanding zombie cells is a crucial piece of the puzzle if you want to feel younger, stronger, and more resilient as you age. In this episode, I unpack what senescent cells are, why they're not just harmless bystanders, and how their buildup can accelerate the aging process and drive chronic inflammation—one of the hallmarks of aging. I break down the lifestyle habits that might be quietly increasing your zombie cell load, the early warning signs your body could be giving you, and most importantly, the evidence-backed interventions you can start using right now—from exercise and diet, to cutting-edge supplements, peptides, and more.   Episode Timestamps: What are Senescent (“Zombie”) Cells and Why They Matter ... 00:00:36 Key Causes and Lifestyle Factors Driving Senescence ... 00:02:40 Dietary Strategies: Mediterranean Diet, Protein, and Polyphenols ... 00:08:57 How Zombie Cells Disrupt Tissue and Drive Chronic Disease ... 00:13:37 Symptoms Linked to Excess Senescent Cells ... 00:20:58 Challenges in Measuring Senescent Cells ... 00:23:31 Senescent Cells: Helpful in Healing, Harmful in Excess ... 00:30:39 Senolytics and Senostatics: Drugs and Natural Compounds ... 00:36:14 Lifestyle and Supplement Strategies to Reduce Zombie Cells ... 00:39:14 Peptides for Advanced Senescence Management ... 00:48:09   Our Amazing Sponsors: Probiotic Breakthrough by Bioptimizers: uses a stress-tested Lactobacillus plantarum strain that showed over 30× greater survival in bile and intestinal fluid vs. generic strains. Save 15% at bioptimizers.com/bionat and use code BIONAT for 15% off any order.   Nat's Links:  YouTube Channel Join My Membership Community Sign up for My Newsletter  Instagram  Facebook Group

公園人多能互相安撫 最近是否吃飯配工作，三餐常常外食，擔心消化道機能嗎? 善存3效順暢益生菌，好消化、好代謝、給你青春好體質*！ 善存是70年大品牌，推出3效順暢益生菌，「雙專利益生菌、搭配鳳梨酵素」，３效助你養出消化道好環境#。專利代謝菌^，代謝順暢#，大大乾淨，一週養出六倍好菌^。專利青春菌，維持健康，人自然年輕。還有添加鳳梨酵素，水果風味酸甜好入口，面對外在挑戰, 由根本保護健康'！ 另外，善存還有舒眠益生菌，食品級植萃成份，擁有五大晚安因子：添加專利舒眠番紅花*、多國專利益生菌**、GABA***、芝麻素****、色胺酸等，可以幫助放鬆、好入睡！讓你天天吃好安心，想睡就睡、睡醒精神好^^! 好菌天天吃，養成青春好體質。投資財富靠自己，投資健康就讓善存來幫你！ 股癌限定隱藏優惠! 只要10/11-10/13到momo購買 3效順暢益生菌粉末顆粒，2入組直接給你85折! 主委加碼再送你一瓶克補! 舒眠益生菌10/13一日限定價~5入組$6279，再送SOU‧SOU聯名軟式珪藻土地墊 & 善存葉黃素正貨乙瓶唷! (活動詳情依momo網頁公告為主) https://www.momoshop.com.tw/goods/GoodsDetail.jsp?i_code=14456419 *青春美麗，調整體質 #改變細菌叢生態、維持消化道機能、調整體質 ^係指Lactobacillus paracasei、Bifidobacterium lactis、Lactobacillus plantarum之專利 ‘維持消化道機能, 維持健康 *植萃番紅花萃取物 **日本、中華民國、美國、中國 ***麩胺酸發酵物(含GABA) ****芝麻萃取物(含芝麻素) ^^晚上幫助入睡、白天精神旺盛 股癌傳送門：http://linktr.ee/gooaye -- Hosting provided by SoundOn

Do you know what Lactobacillus is? If you don't, I'm glad. Learn how to reposition an obstacle to help others have deeper understanding. #ThePitch #INICIVOX #VirtualMentorship

Anna Kruyswijk – van Jouw Voeding – vertelt over de bacteriestam Lactobacillus reuteri en de invloed daarvan op onze gezondheid. Ralph Moorman – levensmiddelentechnoloog – legt uit hoe eten op het juiste moment van de dag je gezondheid kan ondersteunen. The post 09-10-2025, uur 1 appeared first on Gezondheidsnieuws Radio.

In this cheeky, confidence-boosting episode, our host shares all the spicy secrets to keeping your vagina fresh, fabulous, and oh-so-flavorful. The big sis advice we've all needed at some point- Jayna's answering the questions you might have been to shy to ask. (just wait till you hear what's wrong with all the feminine hygiene products you see at the supermarket!) From probiotics to pH balance, hydration to hygiene, we're dishing out the real talk your health class definitely skipped. So take a shot of tequila, then slide into your comfiest panties (organic cotton only, please), and get ready to laugh, learn, and love your taco a little more.

Martha Carlin, CEO and founder of the Bio Collective, details the significant influence of the microbiome on overall health. Martha discusses her unconventional path from accounting to microbiome research, sparked by her husband's Parkinson's diagnosis. Together, they explore the complex connections between gut health and diseases like Parkinson's, autism, and even Alzheimer's. Martha sheds light on groundbreaking research funded by NIH grants, the potential of machine learning and AI in understanding microbiome patterns, and the future prospects of personalized probiotics. Practical advice on maintaining a healthy microbiome, the impact of diet and exercise, and the intriguing intersections between gut health, neurochemistry, and systemic diseases are highlighted. The discussion also covers challenges in integrating microbiome research into clinical practice and potential future therapies.

Dr. Hoffman continues his conversation with Martha Carlin, CEO and founder of the Bio Collective.

TISS is a weekly podcast where Varun, Kautuk, Neville & Aadar discuss crazy "facts" they find on the internet. Come learn with them... or something like that.This week, the boys are diving into a hilarious episode of 'Thar Owners, Worst Holidays, & TV Trouble'To support TISS, check out our Instamojo: www.instamojo.com/@TISSOPFollow #TISS Shorts where we put out videos: https://bit.ly/3tUdLTCYou can also check out the podcast on Apple podcast, Spotify and Google podcast!https://shorturl.at/hfQZXhttp://apple.co/3neTO62http://spoti.fi/3blYG79http://bit.ly/3oh0BxkCheck out the TISS Sub-Reddit: https://bit.ly/2IEi0QsCheck out the TISS Discord: / discord Buy Varun Thakur's 420 Merch - http://bit.ly/2oDkhRVSubscribe To Our YT Channels:Varun - https://bit.ly/2HgGwqcAadar - https://bit.ly/37m49J2Kautuk - https://bit.ly/3jcpKGaNeville - https://bit.ly/2HfYlWyFollow Us on Instagram:Varun - / varunthakur Aadar - / theaadarguy Kautak - / cowtuk Neville - / nevilleshah. Ep 283 YouTube Chapters00:00 - Bawa's Apology01:19 - Bawa Not Coming Back Fully02:16 - Bawa Joining the Maa Kasam Tour04:22 - Bawa Does the Intro05:19 - Bawa's Bedbug Vacation11:13 - Bedbug Diving12:09 - Shark Facts13:23 - Sea Bugs Bite Bawa16:50 - What's Your Rashy?18:05 - Bitten by Siphonophores (and No Meds!)22:36 - Diving in Mumbai23:14 - ZNMD's Fake Diving Ads24:12 - Aadar Spent the Night at Glasgow Platform26:14 - Varun Sleeping at Muchhad Paanwala27:11 - Flying Paan27:51 - Muchhad Paanwala (Part 2)31:45 - Kautuk Slept on a Local Train32:21 - Bawa's Karjat Camp34:55 - The “Chai-Tea” Problem35:59 - Bawa Slept on the Train Floor37:28 - Kautuk Slept on the Beach with Dogs40:42 - Troubling Bawa42:43 - Betting on Bawa Simp Comments44:01 - Bawa's Unfulfilled Dream of a TV51:40 - Ikea Scam53:17 - Bawa Still Didn't Receive His TV54:58 - Varun's Wi-Fi55:47 - Bawa's Restaurant Recs56:40 - Lactobacillus, Curd & Jamalgota01:03:17 - The Flying Thar01:06:10 - “ReThar-ded” People01:08:43 - Qualis Kids and Driver01:10:45 - Figuring Out Japanese Cars01:11:54 - Korean Woman Failed Driving Test 900 Times01:16:38 - Thar Roast 2.001:17:45 - Bihari Road Digger01:18:25 - Bawa's Outro01:19:18 - Varun's Outro01:19:45 - Outro 2.0Thumbnail - Anjali Handa

Targeted probiotic strains improve endurance, strength, recovery, and mental resilience by supporting gut integrity, reducing inflammation, and enhancing nutrient absorption Intense training damages your gut lining and weakens immunity, but probiotics help maintain barrier function and prevent bacterial toxins from triggering systemic inflammation Specific strains deliver specific benefits, such as Lactobacillus plantarum for endurance, Bacillus coagulans for muscle recovery, and Lactobacillus casei for stress reduction Supporting butyrate-producing bacteria fuels intestinal cells, improves lipid metabolism, and enhances oxidative muscle fibers for sustained aerobic performance Probiotics are most effective when introduced after gut healing, paired with a diet free from linoleic acid–rich vegetable oils and supported by prebiotic foods to maintain microbial balance

Hello & Welcome To The Podcast!Today, I'm joined by Eleanor & Jess from PelvicRelief where we'll be discussing all things microbiome and pelvic health, in conditions like fertility, UTIs, and menopausal health. We also explored the role of diet, probiotics, and specific Lactobacillus strains in maintaining vaginal health, and the challenges of prescribing beneficial supplements, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment. We discussed the challenges and distressing nature of recurrent UTIs and other vulvovaginal infections, emphasizing the need for effective & multi-modal solutions to manage these conditionsWe talked about the vaginal microbiome, emphasizing the importance of Lactobacillus dominance for maintaining an acidic environment, and explored common imbalances like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections, and their potential impact on fertility and overall health. The conversation highlights the role of estrogen in maintaining vaginal health, particularly during peri-menopause and post-menopause. Jess and Eleanor stressed the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment, cautioning against overuse of over-the-counter medications. The discussion also touches on the relationship between the bladder and vaginal microbiomes, and the impact of cancer treatments on vaginal health, and much more!For more info: make sure to visit pelvicrelief.co.uk and they are also on Instagram @pelvicrelief. I have much excitement about these products' potential to provide a more specific and bespoke approach to pelvic relief - looking forward to hearing more as the science continues to evolve!If you'd like to learn more about women's health, from back pain to bowel health, menstrual to menopausal health, pelvic pain and femalecentric oncology rehab - all of my online courses are available at https://celebratemuliebrity.com/Until next time, Onwards & Upwards! Mx #celebratemuliebrity.com

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

Amanda Lewis, Ph.D. investigates how glycan-degrading enzymes contribute to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common condition linked to infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased cancer risk. Her research shows that BV-associated bacteria strip protective sugar coatings—glycans—from vaginal epithelial cells, disrupting normal function and increasing vulnerability to infection. Lewis and her team study specific enzymes, such as sialidases, that remove sialic acid from glycoproteins and mucins. Using clinical samples and imaging techniques, they identify how these changes in glycan composition correlate with disease severity. Their work reveals how glycan degradation contributes to persistent or recurrent BV and opens new pathways for understanding the microbiome's role in women's health. Series: "Motherhood Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 40678]

TWiN discusses research showing that Lactobacillus acidophilus promotes cognitive function recovery after cerebral ischemia, by regulating microglial peroxisomal function. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Vivianne Morrison, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Arc is pdb molecule of the month (PDB) Probiotics after stroke (Cell Host Microbe) Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Fiber, Polyphenols & Your Gut Microbiome: Part One Are you feeding the right microbes — or the wrong ones? In this episode of The Coach Debbie Potts Show, we're kicking off a new two-part deep dive into how fiber and polyphenols shape your gut microbiome, your metabolism, and your long-term health. Most of us have heard that “fiber is good for your gut,” but the truth is more nuanced. The type of fiber — and the type of gut you have — makes all the difference. For some, fiber can help feed beneficial bacteria that support digestion, immunity, and brain health. For others, especially those struggling with SIBO, IBS, or candida overgrowth, the wrong kind of fiber can worsen bloating, gas, or inflammation. That's where polyphenols come in — the colorful plant compounds found in berries, green tea, cocoa, and pomegranate. These act as a gentler “fertilizer” for beneficial microbes like Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, while helping keep harmful bacteria in check. In Part One, we'll cover: ✅ The difference between fibers and polyphenols in gut health ✅ Why your gut type determines your response to fiber ✅ How polyphenols can help reduce toxins like LPS (endotoxins) that drive inflammation ✅ Practical food swaps to support a healthier, more resilient microbiome By the end of this episode, you'll understand why one-size-fits-all fiber advice doesn't work — and how you can use food color and polyphenols to start healing your gut from the inside out.

✨本集重點： ✅

There's a powerful story behind the creamy, tangy yogurt that originated in the mountains of Bulgaria. In this episode, I'll share the fascinating legend of how Bulgarian yogurt healed a king, the science that won a Nobel Prize, and the probiotic strains—like Lactobacillus bulgaricus—that make this yogurt one of the most healing fermented foods you can eat. I'll also explain how you can make it at home with my favorite starters, and why it's become a daily staple in my kitchen (and heart). Episode link:  https://www.culturedfoodlife.com/podcast/episode-325-bulgarian-yogurt-the-ancient-culture-that-changed-everything/ Link(s) I talked about: Article: https://www.culturedfoodlife.com/bulgarian-yogurt-the-ancient-culture-that-changed-everything/ Check out these other links: My Story Video: https://youtu.be/CbX9Nv9OtGM For health tips and recipes, subscribe to our weekly emails. We'll also send you our free Getting Started Guide: http://bit.ly/2BnHpay Listen to all my podcasts: http://bit.ly/cflpodcast Become a Biotic Pro Member: http://bit.ly/2kkhwS1 Cultured Food Recipes: http://bit.ly/2UIfY2x Health and Food Topics: http://bit.ly/2SdzIOS My Amazon Shop: https://bit.ly/3KdhEge MY STARTER CULTURES Milk Kefir Grains: http://bit.ly/2rQ99PE L. Reuteri Superfood: https://bit.ly/LReuteriSuperfoodStarter L. Gasseri Superfood: https://bit.ly/LGasseriSuperfoodStarter Easy Kefir: http://bit.ly/2MQ1nPV Kefir Soda Starter: http://bit.ly/3YVErTa Kombucha Starter: http://bit.ly/2g2R9hE Vegetable Starter: http://bit.ly/2SzzVem Water Kefir Crystals:  http://bit.ly/2irmImW Sourdough Starter: http://bit.ly/2IjaaXK Other items in my store: http://bit.ly/2HTKZ27 STAY CONNECTED Instagram: http://instagram.com/culturedfoodlife/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CulturedFoodLife/ Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/donnaschwenk/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/donnaschwenk

Welcome back to our weekend Cabral HouseCall shows! This is where we answer our community's wellness, weight loss, and anti-aging questions to help people get back on track! Check out today's questions:    Trish: Hi Dr. Cabral - I'm a 55-year-old female working on lowering overall inflammation in my body. My CRP levels are (4.1), ApoB (118 nmol/L and Lipoprotein (A) (281 nmol/L) as you can see are high. Total Cholesterol 221 and Triglycerides are 70. I have a lot of stiffness with joint discomfort. I started taking 2 Proteolytic Enzymes upon waking. Then your DNS, D3/k2, Cell Boost, Inflamma Soothe, Collagen with GLP Tone System and some of your other products (eye and hair). I follow your Med diet. My pain and stiffness have improved ALOT in a matter of days. I'm going to retest my CRP and chol levels in 4 months. My question is how long can I take Proteolytic Enzymes and in your opinion am I taking the proper protocol for these issues? I'm retesting in 4 mos. Thank you in advance          Sheena: Hi Dr Cabral! Hope you and all of your health family are well. I'm a surgical Processor and on my feet all day. I've tried all kinds of compression socks but by the end of the day, after taking it off, my leg are soo itchy! I scratch it sometimes so bad it starts to bleed. I'm only wearing the average 15-20 mmHG so its not too tight. I'm curious if you have a recommendation for compression socks that wont causes itching but is effective? Thanks in advance for answering!      Christina: Stephen, I have listened on one of your podcasts about Rheumatoid Arthritis and detoxing. My mother is in her early 70s and her fingers are twisting. I am 48 and recently the base of my thumbs have started bothering me. My question is, what detox protocol should my mother start with to prevent further twisting of her fingers and what detox protocol should I do to prevent this from happening to me? I would love to do the heavy metals and organic acid tests, but unfortunately I live in NY. Would my functional medicine doctor be able to order them for me? I have had HELLP, HUS, DIC, Guillian Barre, and Pulminary Edema in my pregnancy at 21. My son was delivered with no issues! At this time, we learned that I have ITTP. I have had IBS issues. Thank you, Christina                      Ryan: Hi dr cabral, Im a 29 year old male who has addisons disease, chronic post nasal drip, food intolerance's and teeth grinding a stool test confirmed klebsiella pneumonie overgrowth and blastocystis hominis as well as some yeast and fungus with no Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus detected, I recently started the cbo protocol with citricidal drops im 7 days in untill i came across one of your videos where you mentioned you should go for the parasite first should i stop the cbo protocol and start the para support protocol and then continue the cbo after or just continue the cbo protocol Thank you for your time wishing you all the best ryan.                                                                                                                                     Kay: Hi Dr. Cabral, I I love your podcasts and look forward to them every week. Anyway, I was wondering if you could please explain how a traumatic event could spur the onset of a "dis-ease" such as asthma. My daughter's asthma began shortly after her father and I were separated and he moved out of state. According to her pediatrician at the time, she was "more prone to having asthma because she also had eczema." This was 2 decades ago, and now she's 31 and we know more about autoimmune issues. Although she continues to carry an inhaler with her, she hardly needs to use it anymore. What would you recommend for a more root cause approach to someone with her condition? Thank you.                                  Thank you for tuning into today's Cabral HouseCall and be sure to check back tomorrow where we answer more of our community's questions!    - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3466 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

Dr. Mark Pimentel, Executive Director of the MAST program at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles, shares groundbreaking insights into the small intestinal microbiome that challenge long-held beliefs about gut bacteria. Findings from his team's REIMAGINE study reveal that the small intestine is far from sterile, as previously thought—instead, it harbors substantial bacterial communities that play a critical role in health and disease, especially in conditions such as IBS and SIBO.• E. coli and Klebsiella act as aggressive "Ferrari" bacteria that outcompete other microbes and destroy microbial diversity when overgrown inducing a "apocalyptic" disruption of the small bowel microbiome.• Lactobacillus, commonly found in many probiotics, may act as a disruptor in the small intestine and new research correlates higher small intestinal levels with obesity and unhealthy aging (more research needed)• The PLACIDE trial found probiotics didn't reduce C. diff or antibiotic-associated diarrhea but did increase bloating• Food poisoning is the only proven cause-and-effect trigger for IBS, with stress acting as a modifier rather than initiator• Combining rifaximin with NAC works 10x better for SIBO by targeting bacteria in both intestinal fluid and mucus• A new compound (CS06) shows promise for reducing methane production and relieving constipation• Three distinct gas patterns (hydrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide) correlate with different symptom patterns and respond to targeted treatmentsThis episode was sponsored by Salix Pharmaceuticals. Resources: DDW 2025 Abstracts by the Mast Program and Dr. PimentelA Novel Microbiome Therapy, CS-06 (MTD Blocker), Reduces Methane Production in Stool CultureReal World Study of Three-Gas Breath Testing Nationwide and The Association with SymptomsLearn more about Kate and Dr. Riehl:Website: www.katescarlata.com and www.drriehl.comInstagram: @katescarlata @drriehl and @theguthealthpodcastOrder Kate and Dr. Riehl's book, Mind Your Gut: The Science-Based, Whole-body Guide to Living Well with IBS. The information included in this podcast is not a substitute for professional medical advice, examination, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider before starting any new treatment or making changes to existing treatment.

In this episode, Lyell K. Jones Jr, MD, FAAN, speaks with Michael S. Okun, MD, FAAN, who served as the guest editor of the August 2025 Movement Disorders issue. They provide a preview of the issue, which publishes on August 1, 2025. Dr. Jones is the editor-in-chief of Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology® and is a professor of neurology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Okun is the director at Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and distinguished professor of neurology at University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. Additional Resources Read the issue: continuum.aan.com Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @LyellJ Guest: @MichaelOkun Full episode transcript available here: Dr Jones: Our ability to move through the world is one of the essential functions of our nervous system. Gross movements like walking ranging down to fine movements with our eyes and our hands, our ability to create and coordinate movement is something many of us take for granted. So what do we do when those movements stop working as we intend? Today I have the opportunity to speak with one of the world's leading experts on movement disorders, Dr Michael Okun, about the latest issue of Continuum on Movement Disorders. Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about subscribing to the journal, listening to verbatim recordings of the articles, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast. Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyle Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. Today, I'm interviewing Dr Michael Okun, who is Continuum's guest editor for our latest issue on movement disorders. Dr Okun is the Adelaide Lackner Distinguished Professor of Neurology at the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he's also the director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases. Dr Okun, welcome, and thank you for joining us today. Why don't you introduce yourselves to our listeners?  Dr Okun: It's great to be here today. And I'm a neurologist. Everybody who knows me knows I'm pretty simple. I believe the patient's the sun and we should always orbit around the person with disease, and so that's how I look at my practice. And I know we always participate in a lot of research, and I've got a research lab and all those things. But to me, it's always the patients and the families first. So, it'll be great to have that discussion today.  Dr Jones: Yeah, thank you for that, Dr Oaken. Obviously, movement disorders is a huge part of our field of neurology. There are many highly prevalent conditions that fit into this category that most of our listeners will be familiar with: idiopathic Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, tic disorders and so on. And having worked with trainees for a long time, it's one of the areas that I see a lot of trainees gravitate to movement disorders. And I think it's in part because of the prevalence; I think it's in part because of the diversity of the specialty with treatment options and DBS and Botox. But it's also the centrality of the neurologic exam, right? That's- the clinical examination of the patient is so fundamental. And we'll cover a lot of topics today with some questions that I have for you about biomarkers and new developments in the field. But is that your sense too, that people are drawn to just the old-fashioned, essential focus on the neurologic encounter and the neurologic exam? Dr Okun: I believe that is one of the draws to the field of movement. I think that you have neurologists from all over the world that are really interested and fascinated with what things look like. And when you see something that's a little bit, you know, off the normal road or off the normal beaten path… and we are always curious. And so, I got into movement disorders, I think, accidentally; I think even as a child, I was looking at people who had abnormal movements and tremors and I was very fascinated as to why those things happened and what's going on in the brain. And, you know, what are the symptoms and the signs. And then later on, even as my own career developed, that black bag was so great as a neurologist. I mean, it makes us so much more powerful than any of the other clinicians---at least in my biased opinion---out on the wards and out in the clinic. And, you know, knowing the signs and the symptoms, knowing how to do a neurological examination and really walking through the phenomenology, what people look like, you know, which is different than the geno- you know, the genotypes, what the genes are. What people look like is so much more important as clinicians. And so, I think that movement disorders is just the specialty for that, at least in my opinion. Dr Jones: And it helps bring it back to the patient. And that's something that I saw coming through the articles in this issue. And let's get right to it. You've had a chance to review all these articles on all these different topics across the entire field of movement disorders. As you look at that survey of the field, Dr Okun, what do you think is the most exciting recent development for patients with movement disorders?  Dr Okun: I think that when you look across all of the different specialties, what you're seeing is a shift. And the shift is that, you know, a lot of people used to talk in our generation about neurology being one of these “diagnose and adios” specialties. You make the diagnosis and there's nothing that you can do, you know, about these diseases. And boy, that has changed. I mean, we have really blown it out of the water. And when you look at the topics and what people are writing about now and the Continuum issue, and we compare that the last several Continuum issues on movement disorders, we just keep accumulating a knowledge base about what these things look like and how we can treat them. And when we start thinking about, you know, all of the emergence of the autoimmune disorders and identifying the right one and getting something that's quite treatable. Back in my day, and in your day, Lyle, we saw these things and we didn't know what they were. And now we have antibodies, now we can identify them, we can pin them down, and we can treat many of them and really change people's lives. And so, I'm really impressed at what I see in changes in identification of autoimmune disorders, of channelopathies and some of the more rare things, but I'm also impressed with just the fundamental principles of how we're teaching people to be better clinicians in diseases like Parkinson's, Huntington's, ataxia, and Tourette. And so, my enthusiasm for this issue of Continuum is both on, you know, the cutting edge of what we're seeing based on the identification on our exams, what we can do for these people, but also the emergence of how we're shifting and providing much better care across a continuum for folks with basal ganglia diseases. Dr Jones: Yeah, I appreciate that perspective, Dr Okun. One of the common themes that I saw in the issue was with these new developments, right, when you have new tools like new diagnostic biomarker tools, is the question of if and when and how to integrate those into daily clinical practice, right? So, we've had imaging biomarkers for a while, DAT scans, etc. For patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease, one of the things that I hear a lot of discussion and controversy about are the seed amplification assays as diagnostic biomarkers. What can you tell us about those? Are those ready for routine clinical use yet?  Dr Okun: I think the main bottom-line point for folks that are out there trying to practice neurology, either in general clinics or even in specialty clinics, is to know that there is this movement toward, can we biologically classify a disease? One of the things that has, you know, really accelerated that effort has been the development of these seed amplification assays, which---in short for people who are listening---are basically, we “shake and bake” these things. You know? We shake them for like 20 hours and we use these prionlike proteins, and we learn from diseases like prion disease how to kind of tag these things and then see, do they have degenerative properties? And in the case of Parkinson's disease, we're able to do this with synuclein. That is the idea of a seed amplification assay. We're able to use this to see, hey, is there synuclein present or not in this sample? And people are looking at things like cerebrospinal fluid, they're looking at things like blood and saliva, and they're finding it. The challenge here is that, remember- and one of the things that's great about this issue of Continuum is, remember, there are a whole bunch of different synucleinopathies. So, Dr Jones, it isn't just Parkinson's disease. So, you've got Parkinson's disease, you've got Lewy body, you know, and dementia with Lewy bodies. You've got, you know, multiple system atrophy is within that synucleinopathy, you know, group primary autonomic failure… so not just Parkinson's disease. And so, I think we have to tap the brakes as clinicians and just say, we are where we are. We are moving in that direction. And remember that a seed amplification assay gives you some information, but it doesn't give you all the information. It doesn't forgive you looking at a person over time, examining them in your clinic, seeing how they progress, seeing their response to dopamine- and by the way, several of these genes that are associated with Parkinson; and there's, you know, less than 20% of Parkinson is genetic, but several of these genes, in a solid third---and in some cases, in some series, even more---miss the synuclein assay, misses, you know, the presence of a disease like Parkinson's disease. And so, we have to be careful in how we interpret it. And I think we're more likely to see over time a gemish: we're going to smush together all this information. We're going to get better with MRIs. And so, we're actually doing much better with MRIs and AI-based intelligence. We've got DAT scans, we've got synuclein assays. But more than anything, everybody listening out there, you can still examine the person and examine them over time and see how they do over time and see how they do with dopamine. And that is still a really, really solid way to do this. The synuclein assays are probably going to be ready for prime time more in choosing and enriching clinical trials populations first. And you know, we're probably 5, 10 years behind where Alzheimer's is right now. So, we'll get there at some point, but it's not going to be a silver bullet. I think we're looking at these are going to be things that are going to be interpreted in the context for a clinician of our examination and in the context of where the field is and what you're trying to use the information for. Dr Jones: Thank you for that. And I think that's the general gestalt I got from the articles and what I hear from my colleagues. And I think we've seen this in other domains of neurology, right? We have the specificity and sensitivity issues with the biomarkers, but we also have the high prevalence of copathology, right? People can have multiple different neurodegenerative problems, and I think it gets back to that clinical context, like you said, following the patient longitudinally. That was a theme that came out in the idiopathic Parkinson disease article. And while we're on Parkinson disease, you know, the first description of that was what, more than two hundred years ago. And I think we're still thinking about the pathophysiology of that disorder. We understand risk factors, and I think many of our listeners would be familiar with those. But as far as the actual cause, you know, there's been discussion in recent years about, is there a role of the gut microbiome? Is this a prionopathic disorder? What's your take on all of that?  Dr Okun: Yeah, so it's a great question. It's a super-hot area right now of Parkinson. And I kind of take this, you know, apart in a couple of different ways. First of all, when we think about Parkinson disease, we have to think upstream. Like, what are the cause and causes? Okay? So, Parkinson is not one disease, okay? And even within the genes, there's a bunch of different genes that cause it. But then we have to look and say, well, if that's less than 20% depending on who's counting, then 80% don't have a single piece of DNA that's closely associated with this syndrome. And so, what are we missing with environment and other factors? We need to understand not what happens at the end of the process, not necessarily when synuclein is clumping- and by the way, there's a lot of synuclein in the brains normally, and there's a lot of Tau in people's brains who have Parkinson as well. We don't know what we don't know, Dr Jones. And so when we begin to think about this disease, we've got to look upstream. We've got to start to think, where do things really start? Okay? We've got to stop looking at it as probably a single disease or disorder, and it's a circuit disorder. And then as we begin to develop and follow people along that pathway and continuum, we're going to realize that it's not a one-size-fits-all equation when we're trying to look at Parkinson. By the way, for people listening, we only spend two to three cents out of every dollar on prevention. Wouldn't prevention be the best cure, right? Like, if we were thinking about this disease. And so that's something that we should be, you know, thinking about. And then the other is the Global Burden of Disease study. You know, when we wrote about this in a book called Ending Parkinson's Disease, it looked like Parkinson's was going to double by 2035. The new numbers tell us it's almost double to the level that we expected in 2035 in this last series of numbers. So, it's actually growing much faster. We have to ask why? Why is it growing faster? And then we have lots of folks, and even within these issues here within Continuum, people are beginning to talk about maybe these environmental things that might be blind spots. Is it starting in our nose? Is it starting in our gut? And then we get to the gut question. And the gut question is, if we look at the microbiomes of people with Parkinson, there does seem to be, in a group of folks with Parkinson, a Parkinson microbiome. Not in everyone, but if you look at it in composite, there seems to be some clues there. We see changes in Lactobacillus, we see some bacteria going up that are good, some bacteria going down, you know, that are bad. And we see flipping around, and that can change as we put people on probiotics and we try to do fecal microbiota transplantations- which, by the way, the data so far has not been positive in Parkinson's. Doesn't mean we might not get there at some point, but I think the main point here is that as we move into the AI generation, there are just millions and millions and millions of organisms within your gut. And it's going to take more than just our eyes and just our regular arithmetic. You and I probably know how to do arithmetic really well, but this is, like, going to be a much bigger problem for computers that are way smarter than our brains to start to look and say, well, we see the bacteria is up here. That's a good bacteria, that's a good thing or it's down with this bacteria or this phage or there's a relationship or proportion that's changing. And so, we're not quite there. And so, I always tell people---and you know, we talk about the sum in the issue---microbiomes aren't quite ready for prime time yet. And so be careful, because you could tweak the system and you might actually end up worse than before you started. So, we don't know what we don't know on this issue.  Dr Jones: And that's a great point. And one of the themes they're reading between the lines is, we will continue to work on understanding the bio-pathophysiology, but we can't wait until that day to start managing the risk factors and treating patients, which I think is a good point. And if we pivot to treatment here a little bit, you know, one of the exciting areas of movement disorders---and really neurology broadly, I think movement disorders has led the field in many ways---is bioelectronic therapy, or what one of my colleagues taught me is “electroceutical therapy”, which I think is a wonderful term. Dr Okun, when our listeners are hearing about the latest in deep brain stimulation in patients who have movement disorders, what should they know? What are the latest developments in that area with devices? Dr Okun: Yeah. So, they should know that things are moving rapidly in the field of putting electricity into the brain. And we're way past the era where we thought putting a little bit of electricity was snake oil. We know we can actually drive these circuits, and we know that many of these disorders---and actually, probably all of the disorders within this issue of Continuum---are all circuit disorders. And so, you can drive the circuit by modulating the circuit. And it's turned out to be quite robust with therapies like deep brain stimulation. Now, we're seeing uses of deep brain stimulation across multiple of these disorders now. So, for example, you may think of it in Parkinson's disease, but now we're also seeing people use it to help in cases where you need to palliate very severe and bothersome chorea and Huntington's disease, we're seeing it move along in Tourette syndrome. We of course have seen this for various hyperkinetic disorders and dystonias. And so, the main thing for clinicians to realize when dealing with neuromodulation is, take a deep breath because it can be overwhelming. We have a lot of different devices in the marketplace and no matter how many different devices we have in the marketplace, the most important thing is that we get the leads. You know, where we're stimulating into the right location. It's like real estate: location, location, location, whether you've got a lead that can steer left, right, up, down and do all of these things. Second, if you're feeling overwhelmed because there are so many devices and so many settings, especially as we put these leads in and they have all sorts of different, you know, nodes on them and you can steer this way and that way, you are not alone. Everybody is feeling that way now. And we're beginning to see AI solutions to that that are going to merge together with imaging, and then we're moving toward an era of, you know, should I say things like robotic programming, where it's going to be actually so complicated as we move forward that we're going to have to automate these systems. There's no way to get this and scale this for all of the locales within the United States, but within the entire world of people that need these types of devices and these therapies. And so, it's moving rapidly. It's overwhelming. The most important thing is choosing the right person. Okay? For this, with multidisciplinary teams, getting the lead in the right place. And then all these other little bells and whistles, they're like sculpting. So, if you think of a sculpture, you kind of get that sculpture almost there. You know, those little adds are helping to maybe make the eyes come out a little more or the facial expression a little bit better. There's little bits of sculpting. But if you're feeling overwhelmed by it, everybody is. And then also remember that we're starting to move towards some trials here that are in their early stages. And a lot of times when we start, we need more failures to get to our successes. So, we're seeing trials of people looking at, like, oligo therapies and protein therapies. We're seeing CRISPR gene therapies in the laboratory. And we should have a zero tolerance for errors with CRISPR, okay? we still have issues with CRISPR in the laboratory and which ones we apply it to and with animals. But it's still pretty exciting when we're starting to see some of these therapies move forward. We're going to see gene therapies, and then the other thing we're going to see are nano-therapies. And remember, smaller can be better. It can slip across the blood brain barrier, you have very good surface area-to-volume ratios, and we can uncage drugs by shining things like focused ultrasound beams or magnets or heat onto these particles to turn them on or off. And so, we're seeing a great change in the field there. And then also, I should mention: pumps are coming and they're here. We're getting pumps like we have for diabetes and neurology. It's very exciting. It's going to be overwhelming as everybody tries to learn how to do this. So again, if you're feeling overwhelmed, so am I. Okay? But you know, pumps underneath the skin for dopamine, pumps underneath the skin for apomorphine. And that may apply to other disorders and not just Parkinson as we move along, what we put into those therapies. So, we're seeing that age come forward. And then making lesions from outside the brain with focused ultrasound, we're starting to get better at that. Precision is less coming from outside the brain; complications are also less. And as we learn how to do that better, that also can provide more options for folks. So, a lot of things to read about in this issue of Continuum and a lot of really interesting and beyond, I would say, you know, the horizon as to where we're headed.  Dr Jones: Thank you for that. And it is a lot. It can be overwhelming, which I guess is maybe a good reason to read the issue, right? I think that's a great place to end and encourage our listeners to pick up the issue. And Dr Okun, I want to thank you for joining us today. Thank you for such a great discussion on movement disorders. I learned a lot. I'm sure our listeners will as well, given the importance of the topic, your leadership in the field over many years. I'm grateful that you have put this issue together. So, thank you. And you're a busy person. I don't know how we talked you into doing this, but I'm really glad that we did.  Dr Okun: Well, it's been my honor. And I just want to point out that the whole authorship panel that agreed to write these articles, they did all the work. I'm just a talking head here, you know, telling you what they did, but they're writing, and the people that are in the field are really, you know, leading and helping us to understand, and have really put it together in a way that's kind of helped us to be better clinicians and to impact more lives. So, I want to thank the group of authors, and thank you, Dr Jones. Dr Jones: Again, we've been speaking with Dr Michael Okun, guest editor of Continuum's most recent issue on movement disorders. Please check it out. And thank you to our listeners for joining today. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.

We're diving into the top functional and conventional tests to consider after the second trimester or late pregnancy loss, especially if you've been diagnosed with low AMH, high FSH, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). If you've had a second trimester loss or late pregnancy loss after 20 weeks and been told “everything looks normal,”this episode is for you. We dive into what's often overlooked in conventional care and how a functional fertility approach can help uncover underlying imbalances that impact conception, hormone health, and pregnancy outcomes. In this episode we cover 7 categories of testing to consider after late loss especially if you have low AMH, diminished ovarian reserve, autoimmune issues, recurrent miscarriage, or unexplained infertility. You'll learn: The top clotting and thrombophilia markers to test (including Factor V Leiden and antiphospholipid antibodies) Which inflammatory and immune markers (hs-CRP, ANA, cytokines, NK cells) are often missed and why they matter How the vaginal microbiome and hidden infections like ureaplasma can cause second-trimester loss The role of chronic stress, adrenal hormones and the HPA axis in pregnancy outcomes Why a comprehensive blood chemistry panel can reveal nutrient deficiencies and hormone imbalances that are missed by conventional labs Key methylation and genetic SNPs (like MTHFR) that impact detoxification, clotting and hormone metabolism The impact of gut health and stool testing on immune tolerance, estrogen balance and inflammation We'll also explain how this whole body functional lens can guide your next steps in preconception planning, whether you're trying again naturally or preparing for IVF. This episode is for you if: You've experienced a loss after 14 weeks of pregnancy and are seeking deeper understanding and support. You want to explore both conventional and functional medicine approaches to uncover underlying causes. You're looking for practical lifestyle, testing, and healing strategies to improve future pregnancy outcomes. --- TIMESTAMPS [00:00:00] Introduction: Late term pregnancy loss overview, compassion, and what to expect in this episode [00:02:30] Functional fertility testing for late term loss thrombophilia panel, immune markers, inflammation, and infections [00:06:00] Stress hormones, nervous system support, and comprehensive blood chemistry for improving pregnancy outcomes [00:09:00] Blood sugar, insulin, and comprehensive thyroid testing in pregnancy loss [00:12:00] Genetic testing, including MTHFR mutations and the importance of body healing before conception [00:14:30] Role of gut health, infections, and estrogen metabolism in pregnancy loss --- RESOURCES

Partnerem podcastu jest polska marka probiotyków Sanprobi: https://sanprobi.pl/ #współpracareklamowaW 213. odcinku podcastu rozmawiam z dr n. farm. Nataszą Piaseczną, ekspertką z zakresu mikrobioty jelitowej i probiotykoterapii o tym, jak dbać o zdrowie swoich jelit w czasie wakacji.Posłuchaj odcinka, jeśli chcesz dowiedzieć się:- Jak skutecznie zapobiegać zatruciom pokarmowym podczas letniego wypoczynku- Dlaczego zdrowa mikrobiota jelitowa to klucz do udanego urlopu- Jakie czynniki mogą osłabić nasz układ pokarmowy jeszcze przed wyjazdem- W jaki sposób stres związany z przygotowaniami do wyjazdu wpływa na nasze jelita- Dlaczego zagraniczne podróże często kończą się problemami żołądkowo-jelitowymi- Jak probiotyki mogą wspierać układ trawienny w czasie wakacji- Kiedy i jak długo warto stosować probiotyki przed wyjazdem- Co robić, gdy mimo wszystko dopadnie nas zatrucie pokarmowe na wakacjach- Dlaczego dobra kondycja bariery jelitowej ma tak duże znaczenie dla zdrowia trawiennego- Jak jet lag wpływa na pracę jelit i ogólny stan zdrowia- Czy alkohol rzeczywiście “dezynfekuje” jelita i chroni przed zatruciami- Czym są psychobiotyki i komu mogą pomóc podczas podróży- Co warto mieć w podróżnej apteczce, by zadbać o jelita- Kiedy problemy trawienne na urlopie wymagają konsultacji lekarskiej- Jak wspierać zdrowie jelit po powrocie z wakacji- Dlaczego warto uważać na wodę podczas zagranicznych podróżyW podcaście mówimy m.in. o szczepach:· Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v· Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell® – 52 i Bifidobacterium longum Rosell® – 175Nataszę znajdziesz w Internecie:Strona: https://nastaya.pl/IG: https://www.instagram.com/dr_nastaya/ FB:https://www.facebook.com/DrNastaya/ Pozostałe podcasty z Nataszą:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZpd0V2BAeU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O83nTnRw4kM

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In this eye-opening episode, Diane Randall sits down with Anu Simh, functional health coach and gut health guru, to explore how your microbiome holds the key to weight loss, energy, and longevity. Anu debunks probiotic myths, exposes how processed foods starve good bacteria, and shares why sleep is non-negotiable for gut balance. Learn how a 1-week plant-based shift can transform your microbial health, why Ozempic harms muscle, and how to build a “forever gut” with simple, sustainable habits. Whether you're battling bloat or chasing longevity, this episode is your roadmap to thriving from the inside out.   Key Takeaways   

Gut-Brain Connection: How to Boost Cognitive Health, Prevent Cognitive Decline, and Age with Resilience | Expert Panel Discussion In this powerful episode, Coach Debbie Potts is joined by three trailblazing leaders in gut health, cognitive resilience, and cellular nutrition: Martha Carlin – CEO & Founder of BiotiQuest Dr. William Davis – Cardiologist, author of Super Gut, creator of Gut to Glow Amber Lynn Vitale – Clinical Director at BEAM Minerals Together, we dive deep into the science behind the gut-brain axis, vagus nerve health, and cellular mineral replenishment to help you stay sharp, energized, and resilient as you age.

On the previous two episodes we learned about the dangers of antibiotics and what we can use instead. But what do you do if you've taken antibiotics and your gut is now a mess? On this episode of Vitality Radio, Jared shares exactly how you can rebuild your gut microbiome in the aftermath of antibiotics or other assaults on your system. He dives into the concept of gut dysbiosis and specifically, leaky gut. You'll learn the causes and symptoms, such as food sensitivities, brain fog, mood disturbances and autoimmune disorders. You'll learn the difference between Probiotics, Spores, Postbiotics, and Prebiotics and how these are all important to heal and seal the gut wall, and restore balance and critical diversity in your microbiome.  Products DiscussedAdditional Information:#527: The Dangerous Truth About Antibiotics#528: Natural Alternatives to Antibiotics: How to Support Your Body Through Common Challenges#507: Comprehensive Digestive Support to Get Your Gut ‘Back On Tract'!Visit the podcast website here: VitalityRadio.comYou can follow @vitalitynutritionbountiful and @vitalityradio on Instagram, or Vitality Radio and Vitality Nutrition on Facebook. Join us also in the Vitality Radio Podcast Listener Community on Facebook. Shop the products that Jared mentions at vitalitynutrition.com. Let us know your thoughts about this episode using the hashtag #vitalityradio and please rate and review us on Apple Podcasts. Thank you!Just a reminder that this podcast is for educational purposes only. The FDA has not evaluated the podcast. The information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The advice given is not intended to replace the advice of your medical professional.

In this in depth excerpt from our Master Classes you will learn all about how LAB's is one of the main microbial inoculants all aquaponic and soil users should be using to maintain plant health and proper food safety in your home or commercial garden. We cover the many aspects of LABs as well as the recipe to make it for yourself at home. Given its strong ability to mitigate pathogens in fish, plants, and humans it should be a weekly part of your gardens care. This is a small excerpt from the Aquaponic Master Classes we offer. Aquaponic Master Class https://www.aquaponicmasterclass.com Aquaponic Canna Master Class http://www.APMJClass.com pH up & pH down & Heavy Metal Free Fish Safe Nutrients available here. https://trueaquaponics.com/

After spending thousands on fertility treatments—including multiple medicated cycles, IUI, and two failed IVF attempts—Angie was devastated when doctors told her to consider egg donation or adoption. Everything looked "normal" on paper, but she still couldn't get pregnant. In this episode, Dr. Aumatma Simmons, a board-certified naturopathic endocrinologist and fertility specialist with nearly 15 years of experience, shares Angie's transformational story—and how healing her gut (not her reproductive system) finally led to a healthy pregnancy.Dr. Aumatma is;A licensed Naturopathic Doctor for 15 years, with additional board certification in Naturopathic EndocrinologyCreator of The Restorative Fertility MethodHost of Egg Meets Sperm Podcast, a Top 5% podcast2x Best-selling author: Fertility Secrets and (in)Fertility: Struggles, Secrets, & SuccessesAwards: Best Naturopathic Medicine Doctor (2015, 2020) and Top Women in Medicine Doctor (2020, 2021), Berkeley Hall of Fame (2022)Interviewed on 100+ podcasts about fertility, pregnancy, and postpartumFeatured as the Holistic Fertility Expert on ABC, FOX, CBS, KTLA, MindBodyGreen, The Bump Has trained hundreds of practitioners around the world in holistic approaches to fertility, and has certified top doctors in the Fertile Foundations™ system Founder of Madre Fertility, with a free Smart Fertility Analysis, to help you better understand blocks to fertility, and create a customized roadmap for the journey.Medical Advisor for Mira Fertility, Element, and Feminade - three awesome leaders in fertility & women's health Key InsightsHow Angie's food sensitivities, digestive symptoms, and microbiome imbalances were silently sabotaging her fertilityThe link between gut bacteria (like Lactobacillus & Bifidobacterium) and hormone balance, implantation, and egg qualityWhy common "healthy" foods like onions, dairy, and raw salads can actually harm your fertility—depending on your microbiomeHow gut healing helped normalize Angie's estrogen metabolism, reduce inflammation, and improve progesterone levels without medicationThe gut-vaginal microbiome connection that impacts implantation and early pregnancyThe exact 4-week gut restoration protocol, using the 4R method (Remove, Replace, Re-inoculate, Repair), tailored for fertility optimizationAdditional Topics CoveredHow leaky gut triggers immune responses that can block implantationThe specific probiotics and nutrients that support both the gut lining and hormone healthHow Dr. Aumatma tracked Angie's hormone shifts in real-time as her gut healedPractical changes in how, when, and what Angie ate to support microbial balanceTimestamps0:00 – Introduction & Angie's 3-Year Fertility Struggle4:20 – Symptoms That Pointed to Gut Imbalances7:15 – Understanding the Estrobolome & Estrogen Recycling10:50 – What Angie's Gut Tests Revealed14:40 – The 4R Protocol: How We Healed Her Gut Step by Step19:30 – Surprising Foods That Were Hurting Her Fertility23:15 – Hormonal Changes After Gut Healing26:00 – Do You Have These Gut-Fertility Clues?30:00 – How You Can Get Started on Healing TodayConnect with ME Instagram:

Chronic stress disrupts the gut microbiome by altering the HPA axis and increasing inflammation, leading to dysbiosis and reduced beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In this episode, we discuss how to mitigate these effects and restore gut health through a multifaceted approach. Key Strategies: Regulate Stress & Lower Cortisol: Practices like mindful breathing and HRV training Adaptogens (Ashwagandha, Rhodiola) Morning sun exposure to stabilize cortisol Support Gut Integrity & Reduce Inflammation: L-Glutamine and colostrum for gut repair Bone broth and butyrate to heal the gut lining Rebuild Beneficial Bacteria: Probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium longum Prebiotics: Resistant starch, polyphenols, and fermented foods Support Vagus Nerve Function: Cold exposure and low-intensity exercise to balance the nervous system Improve Sleep: Supplements like Magnesium Glycinate and L-Theanine to support relaxation and reduce cortisol spikes By following these strategies, you can restore microbial balance, reduce inflammation, and enhance resilience to stress. Why Work with a FDN Practitioner? When addressing stress-induced dysbiosis, it's crucial to test, not guess. Working with a Functional Diagnostic Nutrition Practitioner (FDNP) allows you to personalize your protocol through functional lab testing. This approach eliminates the cycle of trial and error, providing precise insights into your unique health needs. A personalized, evidence-based plan can help you achieve optimal results and sustainable health outcomes.

This episode with Machell Hudson-Hoover demonstrates the exact reason we need to be educated on all things oral and systemic, and our patients need us to be a source of knowledge. Listen to this short episode, a compliment to last months episode on probiotics, to learn how Lactobacillus reuteri works to promote our oral and gut health.  Resources: Machell@rdhhealth integrativedentalcoaching.com

BV is a vaginal dysbiosis resulting from replacement of normal hydrogen peroxide and lactic-acid producing Lactobacillus species in the vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria. Recurrent BV can occur in 50-70% of women after an initial diagnosis. The concept of treating the male partner for BV recurrence prevention is not new, and the results have been conflicting. However, a new publication from Australia (released 03/5/25, in NEJM) has sparked new interest and new conversations about male partner BV therapy. Listen in for details!

In our latest issue, Louisville's Atrium Brewing (https://www.atriumbrewing.com) scored a category-leading 98 for their barrel-aged stout Denny-Lou, Blend 1, and that was as good a reason as any to check in with cofounder Mark Rubenstein and head brewer Spencer Guy for some background on brewing stouts. Their proximity to some of the best distillers in the Western hemisphere informs their approach to both aging and blending, and they take the same iterative approach to building flavor in more ingredient-laden beers. In this episode, they touch on: brewing flavored imperial stout as well as barrel-aged stout using a reiterated mash in lieu of longer boils for higher starting gravity building lower color stout with very low bitterness to let coffee shine balancing sweetness with tannins in barrel-aged stout blending with multiple stout threads the impacts of brandy and bourbon barrels kettle souring with a hazy IPA grain bill using probiotic beverages for kettle souring adjusting acids in the brite tank for proper fruit expression choosing fruit formats for clarity and quality spinning tanks then bench testing between each ingredient addition to confirm quantities with sensory constructing fruit blends and highlighting with yogurt This episode is brought to you by: G&D Chillers (https://gdchillers.com): G&D Chillers Elite 290 Micro-series line utilizes a natural refrigerant, features a more compact design with variable speed fans, and offers near-zero global warming potential. The future of sustainable refrigeration is here! Learn more about G&D's Elite 290 line and visit GDCHILLERS.COM. Berkeley Yeast (https://berkeleyyeast.com). Stop worrying about diacetyl with Berkeley Yeast's line of Fresh™ strains. These revolutionary yeast strains are engineered to produce the ALDC enzyme inside the cell, preventing diacetyl before it forms. That means no more lengthy diacetyl rests—just clean, crisp beer that's ready for packaging sooner. Learn more at berkeleyyeast.com/fresh. Old Orchard (https://www.oldorchard.com/brewer): As breweries expand beyond beer into other segments like mocktails and CBD beverages, Old Orchard is here to help. Whether trending flavor additions or nostalgic favorites, the next best thing is around the corner at Old Orchard. More information and free samples are waiting at oldorchard.com/brewer (https://www.oldorchard.com/brewer) Indie Hops (https://indiehops.com) Strata, Indie's original hop release, is now available in cold-side flowable hop oil form—Strata HyperBoost—in coordination with Yakima Chief Hops. Indie Hops T90 pellets establish the multi-layered Strata experience, while cryogenic CGX pellets in coordination with Crosby Hops, and now Strata HyperBoost with YCH expand the possibilities. Learn more about Strata and Indie's more recent hop releases at www.indiehops.com. Ss Brewtech (https://www.ssbrewtech.com) Featuring a laser-welded cooling jacket for efficient and precise temperature control, an innovative silicone racking arm, and a carbonation stone that allows you to carbonate right in the fermenter, Unitank 2.0 is engineered to help you get the most out of your fermentations! Visit Ss Brewtech.com (https://www.ssbrewtech.com) to learn more! Isuzu Trucks (https://www.isuzucv.com) Whether you are looking for a self-distribution solution or one to deliver supplies, there is an Isuzu truck that will fit your needs. Go to isuzucv.com (https://www.isuzucv.com) to check out their impressive lineup or visit an Isuzu dealer today to find out why now, more than ever, Isuzu trucks are the trucks you trust for the work you do! Cytiva (https://info.cytivalifesciences.com/sample-request-brewing.html) Protecting your beer's highest quality is crucial to maintain its unique taste and prevent spoilage organisms, and microbiological testing plays a vital role in this process. Cytiva offers a comprehensive portfolio of laboratory filtration products designed for both lab and production-floor use. Brewer's Retreat (https://brewersretreat.com) Tickets for the Craft Beer & Brewing 2025 Brewer's Retreat in Asheville and Mills River, North Carolina are on sale now and going fast. Brew on homebrew systems with some of the most inspiring craft brewers in the U.S. Learn more and secure your tickets at brewersretreat.com

The most important microbe can amplify the immune system, increase your muscle mass, and even help you live longer, but most people are missing it! Listen to this fascinating interview with Dr. William Davis as we discuss this missing microbe.Please join me in welcoming Dr. William Davis, author of “Super Gut” and pioneer in research about the most important microbe called L. reuteri.Rats given L. reuteri stayed young, active, and slender, and their fur remained thick and healthy as they aged. Their immune systems were amplified, and wound healing time was cut in half. Increased testosterone and growth hormone were observed in elderly mice, and the thymus was restored to its original size. Dr. Davis has seen all of these amazing benefits in humans!Many people are missing this microbe! L. reuteri, like other Lactobacillus species, are very susceptible to antibiotics. Dr. Davis estimates that 96% of the population is missing L. reuteri, a major factor in the SIBO epidemic.L. reuteri is a keystone microbe, which is important for the entire body's ecosystem. It's been found to increase the hormone oxytocin, traditionally regarded as the hormone of love and empathy. Oxytocin also influences body composition.Many people experience increased muscle mass after consuming L. reuteri, which can be very beneficial in combating age-related muscle loss and many other side effects of aging.You can make your own L. reuteri “yogurt” for its amazing benefits!Yogurt Maker -https://lvnta.com/lv_lrJY1A8ZLtxmwUpYdXYogurt Jars -https://lvnta.com/lv_qB2B90JNh0hQjaMoXkYogurt Containers -https://lvnta.com/lv_SFt3wnanoNkBHrf0RsL. Reuteri strain

Whether you experience digestive discomfort, or just want to maximize your digestive potential and nutrient absorption, there is one amazing formula that covers all the bases. On this episode of Vitality Radio, Jared re-introduces his favorite product, Back On Tract, with a new and improved formulation that makes it an even bigger powerhouse than it was before. Back On Tract is designed as a comprehensive support for digestive health by combining digestive enzymes, probiotics, and system soothing herbs. Jared explains how these elements work together to enhance nutrient absorption, reduce digestive discomfort, and support overall gut health. The episode is rich with insights into the science behind digestive health and the benefits of the specific ingredients in the Back On Tract formula.Products:Back On TractAdditional Information:#341: Your Digestive Health Supplement User's Guide. From IBS to Acid Reflux - Learn How to Balance Your Gut Health With Natural Products.Visit the podcast website here: VitalityRadio.comYou can follow @vitalitynutritionbountiful and @vitalityradio on Instagram, or Vitality Radio and Vitality Nutrition on Facebook. Join us also in the Vitality Radio Podcast Listener Community on Facebook. Shop the products that Jared mentions at vitalitynutrition.com. Let us know your thoughts about this episode using the hashtag #vitalityradio and please rate and review us on Apple Podcasts. Thank you!Just a reminder that this podcast is for educational purposes only. The FDA has not evaluated the podcast. The information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The advice given is not intended to replace the advice of your medical professional.

Kimchi and sauerkraut are 2 of the top probiotic foods. Both are made of fermented cabbage. Sauerkraut has a mild taste, while kimchi is spicy and contains other vegetables. Kimchi is made from napa cabbage, radish, garlic, chili pepper, ginger, and salt. Because kimchi contains more vegetables, it has more phytonutrients. It also has a higher diversity of microbes. The dominant microbe in sauerkraut and kimchi is Lactobacillus plantarum. It can survive harsh environments, including the acid in your stomach. This microbe contributes to beneficial gut bacteria and can also increase serotonin. Kimchi helps cultivate a unique microbe not found in sauerkraut that inhibits pathogens such as listeria. It's also protective against fungus, yeast, and mold. Sauerkraut has more of the microbe L. brevis, which benefits gut health and the immune system. Sauerkraut and kimchi both make bacteriocins, which are natural antibiotics. Sauerkraut and kimchi are both made of fermented cabbage, a cruciferous vegetable with the following beneficial properties: •Rich in phytonutrients •Loaded with glutathione •Contains anthocyanins that support longevity •Potent source of vitamin U, which protects against ulcers •Contains glutamine, which is very beneficial for a leaky gut Not only does kimchi have more diverse microbes, but it also contains fermented garlic, which has potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. It's also very beneficial for your immune system. There's a compound in ginger that turns into several other anti-inflammatory molecules when fermented. Ginger is beneficial for digestion and can be an effective remedy for nausea. Compounds in chili pepper are also enhanced when fermented and are beneficial for pain, inflammation, circulation, metabolism, and fat loss. Kimchi is better for weight loss because of its beneficial properties for blood sugar and insulin resistance. It also has more vitamin C. Look for raw sauerkraut or kimchi for the most benefits!

Does your gut microbiome ever recover from antibiotics? If you understood what antibiotics really do to gut health, you might think twice about taking them. Find out about the biggest myth about your microbiome and the importance of human microbes. How to Fix Your Gut: ▶️ • Fix Your Gut with ONE Microbe L. Reuteri strain: https://www.amazon.com/BioGaia-Osfort... Super Gut Book Link: https://amzn.to/4dIxTy2 Recipes for L. Reuteri Yogurt: https://www.culturedfoodlife.com/reci... https://drdavisinfinitehealth.com/201... https://www.culturedfoodlife.com/l-re... **I am finding that using only ONE TBS of fiber in the recipe makes a better-quality product. Microbiome Master Class Link: https://innercircle.drdavisinfinitehe... Yogurt Maker—https://lvnta.com/lv_lrJY1A8ZLtxmwUpYdX Yogurt Jars—https://lvnta.com/lv_qB2B90JNh0hQjaMoXk Yogurt Containers—https://lvnta.com/lv_SFt3wnanoNkBHrf0Rs Antibiotics, corticosteroids, junk food, and glyphosate can all wreak havoc on gut health. Antibiotics wipe out certain strains of good microbes from your gut microbiome, and they do not come back! Some of the microbes that are wiped out are called keystone microbes. If they're eliminated, it affects the entire gut microbiome ecosystem, putting you at risk for inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and more. A healthy microbiome means good immunity, low risk of disease, and sufficient neurotransmitters. An alteration of your microbiome can cause a cascade of health problems, including leaky gut, increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease, and SIBO. Polyphenols and fermented foods can help create a healthy gut microbiome. Lactobacillus reuteri is missing in around 96% of the population. It makes seven natural antibiotics and increases the population of other good microbes. It may also help prevent SIBO and increase oxytocin. Dr. William Davis created a yogurt-like product with L. reuteri using a long fermentation process. After consuming L. reuteri yogurt, many people notice the following benefits: •Restoration of youthful musculature •Increase in strength •Increase in testosterone in men over 50 •Increased libido •Increased immune response •Accelerated wound healing •Increased dermal thickness •Decreased waist circumference Without L. reuteri and other important microbes, fecal microbes could end up in the small intestine. This can lead to endotoxemia, which contributes to a range of health conditions. Ingredients for L. reuteri yogurt: 1 L. reuteri probiotic capsule 1 tbsp inulin 1 quart half & half To make L. reuteri yogurt, break open one probiotic capsule into a bowl and combine it with one tablespoon of inulin and two tablespoons (from 1 quart) of half-and-half to form a paste. Mix in the remaining quart of half-and-half and add the mixture to a yogurt maker for 36 hours at 99 degrees. Consume ½ cup of L. reuteri yogurt every day!