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Diego Villanueva discusses his paper on mixed-phase regime cloud thinning (MCT). This geoengineering approach involves using ice-nucleating particles to reduce the heat-trapping effects of polar clouds.Using climate and cloud-resolving models, the study finds MCT could offset up to 25% of polar ocean warming from CO₂ doubling and increase sea ice by 8% in the Arctic and 14% in Antarctica. In the podcast, we discuss the science behind this method, its potential benefits, limitations, and broader implications. Paper: Villanueva, D., Possner, A., Neubauer, D., Gasparini, B., Lohmann, U., & Tesche, M. (2022). Mixed-phase regime cloud thinning could help restore sea ice. Environmental Research Letters, 17(11), 114057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca16d
Bienvenidos a un programa especial sobre geoingeniería. No vamos a volver a repetirnos por lo que iremos directamente al tema. He recibido un dossier muy bien elaborado y con muy buenos datos que nos hablara sobre la distribución global de combustible de aviación y como está ya centralizada bajo la Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA) y su red de oleoductos CEPS, integrada con infraestructuras civiles como Exolum/CLH. Esta arquitectura transnacional, invisible al debate público, otorga a la Alianza Atlántica control directo sobre la composición, la prioridad y el flujo del queroseno que alimenta tanto aeronaves militares como civiles en Europa. Paradójicamente, los mismos organismos que vigilan el clima gestionan los datos y bloquean cualquier auditoría independiente. Venia firmado con una formula matematica que significa “Cubo de la operación Nabla de Phi ponderada por Omega” y los autores se autodenominan como Nodo Fundacional del Eje de Conciencia Resonante. Ellos mismos dedican el dossier a: • A todas las conciencias libres que aún miran el cielo con ojos abiertos. • A las que mantienen viva la memoria del cielo auténtico. • A quienes sienten en su corazón que la verdad no puede ser ocultada eternamente. • A quienes resisten el olvido inducido y preservan la memoria viva del mundo natural. • A quienes luchan, desde el anonimato o desde la acción pública, por devolver a la humanidad su derecho sagrado a un cielo limpio, un agua pura y una tierra fértil. A todos ellos: gracias. Porque su simple existencia—como testigos, como guardianes, como sembradores de verdad— es la semilla de la regeneración que vendrá. Nosotros leeremos algunas partes del informe que podrán encontrar en la descripción del podcast, es un texto de 74 paginas con apéndices de datos y fotografías. Introducción “Durante las últimas décadas, se ha desarrollado silenciosamente una infraestructura global capaz de alterar el entorno atmosférico a gran escala. Este proceso no ha ocurrido de forma transparente ni bajo supervisión ciudadana. Ha sido implementado bajo la cobertura de marcos legales ambiguos, privatización de infraestructuras críticas, y acuerdos militares y corporativos que operan al margen del debate público. La transformación de las redes logísticas de combustibles de aviación, su progresiva privatización y su integración operativa bajo mandos supranacionales, ha creado las condiciones materiales para la ejecución de operaciones de modificación atmosférica sin necesidad de programas visibles o declaraciones abiertas. A la par, la evolución de la ingeniería climática, la experimentación con aerosoles estratosféricos, la dispersión de nanopartículas metálicas, y los métodos de gestión de radiación solar, han pasado de la teoría académica a la implementación práctica. El resultado es un entramado donde: • El control de las rutas aéreas. • El suministro de combustibles. • La composición química de los carburantes. • La coordinación de operaciones civiles y militares se unen en una arquitectura invisible a los ojos de la mayoría, pero perfectamente detectable para quien conecte las señales disponibles. Este dossier documenta, estructura y expone esa realidad. No es especulación: es evidencia lógica, documental, técnica y visual. En paralelo a los hechos documentados en el espacio europeo, se ha producido un acontecimiento clave en Estados Unidos: varios estados, incluyendo Tennessee, Florida y Arizona, han aprobado o promovido legislación específica que prohíbe la modificación del clima mediante la liberación de sustancias químicas en la atmósfera. Estas normativas surgen tras años de denuncias ciudadanas, pruebas ambientales independientes y testimonios presentados en audiencias públicas, lo cual convierte esta línea legislativa en una validación institucional implícita de la existencia del fenómeno que este dossier analiza. Este reconocimiento político y legal abre una nueva fase de conciencia internacional sobre las implicaciones ambientales, sanitarias y jurídicas de la manipulación atmosférica” “Metodología Se distingue explícitamente entre los hechos documentados (infraestructuras logísticas, marcos legales, patentes registradas y análisis químicos independientes) y los aspectos interpretativos, donde aún falta una auditoría independiente más profunda para confirmar operativamente su ejecución real en terreno. Esta aclaración se incluye para reforzar la transparencia y rigor metodológico del presente informe. Este informe se ha elaborado mediante una metodología multidisciplinar que combina seis pilares complementarios: 1. Revisión documental oficial • Análisis de contratos públicos de suministro energético y logístico en España, la UE y la OTAN. • Estudio de reglamentos europeos (por ejemplo, Reglamento RefuelEU Aviation). Examen de convenios internacionales clave: Convenio de Aarhus, Convenio ENMOD y Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la UE. 2. Investigación técnica y científica • Revisión de literatura académica sobre geoingeniería, aerosoles estratosféricos y gestión de radiación solar. • Estudio de patentes que describen la dispersión de materiales atmosféricos mediante aeronaves o combustible. 3. Observación directa • Registro fotográfico y videográfico de estelas persistentes y otros fenómenos atmosféricos anómalos. • Seguimiento de patrones de tráfico aéreo mediante plataformas civiles (Flightradar24, FlightAware). Cruce de datos meteorológicos con movimientos de aeronaves para detectar correlaciones. 4. Análisis lógico-estructural • Reconstrucción del entramado logístico y operativo a partir de piezas documentales y observacionales. Vinculación de cambios legislativos, movimientos corporativos y fenómenos atmosféricos observados. 5. Minería de contratos y licitaciones Revisión sistemática de expedientes en los Boletines Oficiales nacionales y en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea, con especial atención a la cadena CEPS-NSPA, Exolum y licitaciones de combustibles SAF. 6. Monitorización masiva en redes y big-data ciudadano • Recolección automatizada de denuncias en X/Twitter, imágenes satelitales, datos de radar público (OPERA, AEMET) y telemetría ADS-B/Mode-S. Procesamiento con herramientas de inteligencia artificial para detectar patrones atmosféricos anómalos en tiempo real. 7. Validación legislativa comparada (EE.UU., 2024–2025) Como parte del proceso de revisión documental se ha incorporado el análisis de legislación estatal reciente en Estados Unidos. En 2024, el estado de Tennessee aprobó una ley que prohíbe explícitamente la dispersión de sustancias químicas en la atmósfera con fines de manipulación climática. Le siguieron proyectos similares en Florida y Arizona, impulsados tras recibir testimonios, imágenes y análisis ambientales por parte de ciudadanos preocupados por estelas persistentes, alteración solar y efectos en salud. Esta convergencia entre prueba ciudadana y validación política constituye un punto de inflexión en la historia del fenómeno. Dichas leyes fueron analizadas desde una perspectiva jurídica comparada para reforzar la transversalidad y la coherencia internacional del modelo que aquí se expone. La metodología descansa sobre tres principios: • Evidencia verificable: uso exclusivo de datos públicos o reproducibles. • Razonamiento lógico: análisis crítico y conexión coherente de las fuentes. • Correlación empírica: contraste sistemático entre datos duros y observaciones reales. El objetivo es ofrecer una base sólida, rigurosa y replicable que permita una toma de conciencia fundamentada.” “Hallazgos Principales La investigación realizada ha permitido identificar una serie de hallazgos críticos que, analizados en conjunto, configuran el panorama de transformación logística y habilitación de operaciones atmosféricas encubiertas. Listado de Hallazgos: 1. Privatización de Infraestructuras Críticas de Combustibles de Aviación. 2. Control de Redes Logísticas Energéticas por Fondos de Inversión. 3. Integración de Infraestructuras Civiles bajo Órdenes de la OTAN-NSPA. 4. Habilitación Legal para Introducir Compuestos No Declarados en Combustibles. 5. Observación Directa de Estelas Persistentes Anómalas. 6. Correlación entre Patrones de Tráfico Aéreo y Modificaciones Atmosféricas. 7. Impacto Potencial en Salud Pública Documentado en Estudios Médicos. 8. Alteración de Ciclos Hidrológicos y Efectos sobre Ecosistemas. 9. Vulneración de Derechos Fundamentales de Acceso a Información Ambiental. 10. Consolidación de un Modelo de Control Ambiental Post-democrático. Cada hallazgo será expuesto en detalle a continuación. Hallazgo 1: Privatización de Infraestructuras Críticas de Combustibles de Aviación Durante las últimas dos décadas, especialmente acelerado tras las crisis financieras globales, se ha producido un proceso sistemático de privatización de infraestructuras críticas relacionadas con el suministro de combustibles de aviación en Europa. En España, la antigua CLH (Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos), que controlaba la mayoría de la red de oleoductos, depósitos y terminales de abastecimiento de combustibles de aviación, fue progresivamente privatizada. Hoy, la empresa Exolum (nombre actual tras reestructuración) opera como una entidad privada controlada principalmente por fondos de inversión internacionales. Esta red incluye: • Más de 4.000 km de oleoductos. • Terminales en los principales aeropuertos de España. • Infraestructura subterránea de almacenamiento y distribución de combustibles. La privatización ha tenido varias consecuencias críticas: • La pérdida del control directo por parte del Estado sobre el suministro energético aeronáutico. • La opacidad en la gestión de composiciones químicas de los combustibles distribuidos. • La posibilidad de modificación de los combustibles sin auditoría pública ni control parlamentario. • La facilidad de coordinación logística con redes militares y corporativas transnacionales. Este cambio estructural crea la plataforma física necesaria para introducir compuestos no declarados en la aviación civil y militar, bajo el amparo de acuerdos privados fuera del escrutinio democrático. Hallazgo 2: Control de Redes Logísticas Energéticas por Fondos de Inversión La privatización de las infraestructuras no ha sido un proceso espontáneo ni neutral. Ha estado dirigida estratégicamente por grandes fondos de inversión internacionales. En el caso de Exolum, los principales accionistas son: • Fondos de pensiones canadienses y estadounidenses. • Fondos de infraestructura europeos ligados a grandes entidades financieras. • Vehículos de inversión opacos basados en jurisdicciones de baja transparencia. Este fenómeno no es aislado: • En Europa, el control de oleoductos, terminales de aviación y redes de logística energética ha sido transferido en masa a fondos de inversión. • El modelo de negocio de estos fondos prioriza la maximización del beneficio, la opacidad operativa y la integración transnacional de redes estratégicas. Consecuencias directas: • Las decisiones sobre el suministro de combustibles de aviación ya no se toman en parlamentos nacionales ni bajo supervisión ciudadana. • La trazabilidad de la composición de los combustibles se dificulta enormemente. • La coordinación logística puede ser dirigida por entidades ajenas a la soberanía nacional, operando en interés de alianzas estratégicas no visibles. Este control logístico por fondos implica que la infraestructura necesaria para operaciones de modificación atmosférica está bajo mandos invisibles para la ciudadanía. Hallazgo 3: Integración de Infraestructuras Civiles bajo Órdenes de la OTAN-NSPA La Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA) ha establecido una estructura de control logístico que integra infraestructuras civiles energéticas, incluyendo redes de oleoductos, terminales aeroportuarias y depósitos de combustible. En Europa, el sistema CEPS (Central Europe Pipeline System) ejemplifica esta integración: • Red de oleoductos civiles y militares que abarca varios países. • Gestión operativa a cargo de la NSPA. • Capacidad de transferir combustible militar y civil indistintamente según necesidades estratégicas. En España, aunque de forma menos visible, existen acuerdos de cooperación logística con la OTAN que permiten la utilización de infraestructuras energéticas civiles para operaciones militares y de seguridad. Consecuencias directas: • Las infraestructuras privatizadas de combustibles de aviación pueden ser usadas en cualquier momento bajo coordinación OTAN. • La distinción entre uso civil y militar se vuelve opaca, abriendo la puerta a operaciones de dispersión atmosférica encubiertas mediante aeronaves civiles. • La supervisión ciudadana queda completamente anulada en el ámbito de operaciones bajo mando estratégico OTAN. Capacidad logística OTAN-NSPA La red CEPS, gestionada por la NSPA, dispone de 5 500 km de tubería presurizada que mueve cada año 1̃2 millones m³ de combustible (principalmente F-34/JP-8). Aporta queroseno directamente a los aeropuertos civiles de Fráncfort, Bruselas, Luxemburgo y Schiphol, entre otros. En todos los contratos de transporte se aplica la cláusula de prioridad militar aprobada por el Consejo Atlántico en 1959: en caso de contingencia, la demanda aliada se impone sobre cualquier cliente comercial.” “Implicación decisiva 1. La composición final del combustible —incluidos aditivos no declarados— puede definirse dentro de un marco OTAN cerrado, sin control parlamentario. 2. La interoperabilidad civil-militar permite abastecer aeronaves civiles con el mismo carburante estandarizado (F-34), invisibilizando potenciales cargas químicas. 3. La infraestructura civil (Exolum/CLH, GPSS-UK) queda integrada como “nodo extendido” del CEPS, disponible mediante acuerdos logísticos. Puertos BE/NL → CEPS (Versalles – sede NSPA) Exolum/CLH (España-UK) – nodos civiles conectados por acuerdos OTAN Esta arquitectura demuestra que la OTAN posee, hoy, el control operativo y normativo de la cadena de suministro de queroseno europeo, condición necesaria para cualquier programa encubierto de modificación atmosférica. Nota documental: La cláusula de prioridad militar fue establecida formalmente por el Consejo Atlántico de la OTAN mediante el documento MC 319/3 – NATO Principles and Policies for Logistics, aprobado en 1970, y actualizada en 2019 en la NATO Single Fuel Policy Directive (NSPD). Según esta normativa, “in any contingency, military requirements shall override civilian use of logistic fuel infrastructure.” “Hallazgo 4: Habilitación Legal para Introducir Compuestos No Declarados en Combustibles La aprobación del Reglamento (UE) 2023/2405 RefuelEU Aviation introduce cambios sustanciales en la normativa de combustibles de aviación. Este reglamento: • Obliga a la adopción progresiva de ”combustibles sostenibles de aviación” (SAF). • Permite la mezcla de compuestos en los combustibles tradicionales. • No exige la declaración detallada pública de todos los aditivos incorporados. • Establece umbrales porcentuales mínimos de SAF sin especificar composición química completa. Política de Combustible Único OTAN (F-34 / JP-8) Desde 1986 la OTAN aplica la Single Fuel Policy, que establece un único combustible estandarizado –código OTAN F-34, equivalente al JP-8 estadounidense– para aeronaves y vehículos terrestres aliados. • Formulación abierta: los manuales STANAG (p.ej. STANAG 3747, STANAG 1135) permiten añadir aditivos anticongelantes, antiestáticos, inhibidores de corrosión e incluso “mejoradores de prestaciones” siempre que el lote resultante cumpla los ensayos de densidad, punto de congelación y estabilidad térmica. • Opacidad normativa: la especificación definitiva se aprueba internamente en los grupos logísticos de la OTAN y no se notifica a los parlamentos nacionales ni a las agencias civiles de aviación. • Puerta química: esta flexibilidad, combinada con la nueva obligación europea de incorporar SAF (Reglamento UE 2023/2405), posibilita la inclusión de nanopartículas metálicas o compuestos reflectantes sin auditoría pública. Conclusión: la Política de Combustible Único convierte a la OTAN en árbitro sobre la composición real del queroseno que también se distribuye a aeropuertos civiles, abriendo una vía regulatoria para introducir aditivos atmosféricos de forma encubierta. Consecuencias directas: • Bajo el marco legal actual, pueden introducirse aditivos, nanopartículas, modificadores químicos o compuestos atmosféricos en los combustibles de aviación sin notificación pública obligatoria. • Las compañías de suministro energético tienen autonomía operativa para modificar la composición dentro de los márgenes legales. • Los pasajeros, las autoridades ambientales locales e incluso las autoridades nacionales quedan fuera de los mecanismos de control efectivo sobre la composición real del combustible utilizado. Este cambio normativo crea el marco legal que habilita operaciones de modificación atmosférica a través de la aviación civil sin necesidad de programas separados o visibles. El cielo puede ser manipulado químicamente desde dentro del sistema operativo normalizado. Hallazgo 5: Observación Directa de Estelas Persistentes Anómalas Las observaciones directas realizadas en diferentes regiones de España, corroboradas por registros ciudadanos y análisis de imágenes satelitales públicas, muestran la presencia de estelas aéreas que: • Persisten durante horas en la atmósfera. • Se expanden progresivamente formando nubes artificiales delgadas. • Alteran visiblemente la estructura natural del cielo. • Se presentan en patrones de cuadrícula o entrelazados que no corresponden al tráfico aéreo comercial habitual. Características técnicas observadas: • Las estelas se forman a altitudes relativamente bajas (por encima de los cúmulos naturales, pero no en capas altas donde normalmente se generan los cirros naturales). • Su dispersión es consistente con la liberación de partículas de tamaño submicrónico diseñadas para maximizar la refracción de luz solar. • El comportamiento físico de las estelas difiere del vapor de agua convencional de los contrails normales: no se disuelven rápidamente, sino que se expanden en estructuras laminares persistentes. Correlaciones: • Aumento de estelas observadas en días previos a cambios meteorológicos abruptos. • Mayor intensidad de estelas en periodos críticos turísticos o agrícolas. Estas observaciones empíricas apoyan la hipótesis de la dispersión controlada de aerosoles atmosféricos utilizando aeronaves comerciales o militares bajo apariencia de tráfico aéreo normal.” “Hallazgo 6: Correlación entre Patrones de Tráfico Aéreo y Modificaciones Atmosféricas El análisis sistemático de registros de tráfico aéreo en plataformas abiertas como Flightradar24 y FlightAware, cruzado con observaciones atmosféricas directas, revela patrones altamente sugestivos de operaciones de modificación atmosférica. Principales evidencias observadas: • Tráfico aéreo inusualmente denso sobre regiones específicas durante jornadas de alta fumigación atmosférica. • Rutas de vuelo anómalas, con trayectorias paralelas, entrecruzadas o en cuadrícula sobre áreas de formación de nubosidad. • Disminución de altura de vuelo en tramos donde se despliegan estelas persistentes. • Cambio de altura de crucero coincidiendo con entrada o salida de zonas de alta cobertura de estelas. Otros indicadores relevantes: • Vuelos declarados como comerciales que, sin justificación comercial evidente, realizan maniobras consistentes con dispersión de aerosoles. • Incremento de tráfico sobre áreas rurales o agrícolas en momentos críticos para los cultivos. • Observación de aviones no identificados o con códigos de transpondedor atípicos durante eventos de alta actividad de estelas. Esta correlación sugiere que el tráfico aéreo civil y posiblemente militar está siendo utilizado como plataforma de dispersión de compuestos atmosféricos de forma encubierta, aprovechando la infraestructura aérea existente para camuflar las operaciones.” “Hallazgo 7: Impacto Potencial en Salud Pública Documentado en Estudios Médicos Diversos estudios publicados en revistas científicas revisadas por pares, como el European Respiratory Journal y Environmental Research Letters, han documentado los efectos adversos en la salud de la exposición prolongada a partículas ultrafinas dispersas en la atmósfera. Principales efectos observados: • Incremento de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, como asma, EPOC (Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica) y fibrosis pulmonar. • Aumento de procesos inflamatorios sistémicos, vinculados a la inhalación de nanopartículas metálicas. • Disrupciones del sistema inmunológico, derivadas de la exposición continua a aerosoles químicos. • Efectos neurodegenerativos, como el aumento de riesgos de enfermedades tipo Alzheimer y Parkinson en zonas de alta concentración de partículas. Relación con las operaciones atmosféricas: • Las partículas observadas en análisis atmosféricos independientes coinciden en tamaño y composición (metales como aluminio, bario, estroncio) con aquellas descritas en estudios de toxicología ambiental. • La exposición crónica a estas partículas genera daños acumulativos, incluso en concentraciones subclínicas no percibidas de inmediato. Consecuencia ética: La dispersión encubierta de aerosoles atmosféricos supone una violación directa del derecho fundamental a la salud y a un medio ambiente no contaminado, establecidos en tratados internacionales y constituciones nacionales. El daño potencial, aunque todavía subestimado en los informes oficiales, representa un riesgo de salud pública a escala masiva.” “Hallazgo 8: Alteración de Ciclos Hidrológicos y Efectos sobre Ecosistemas La manipulación atmosférica mediante dispersión de aerosoles tiene impactos directos sobre el ciclo hidrológico natural. Observaciones documentadas: • Reducción de la cantidad y calidad de las precipitaciones en áreas sometidas a alta actividad de estelas persistentes. • Alteración de patrones de nubosidad, con formación de nubes artificiales delgadas que bloquean la condensación natural. • Desviación o debilitamiento de frentes húmedos, afectando cultivos agrícolas y sistemas hídricos naturales. Impacto sobre ecosistemas: • Estrés hídrico en vegetación natural y cultivos agrícolas, favoreciendo desertificación progresiva en algunas regiones. • Reducción de fuentes de agua dulce disponibles en acuíferos naturales por disminución de recarga pluviométrica. • Afectación de la polinización debido a alteraciones en las condiciones climáticas locales necesarias para los ciclos de las abejas y otros insectos. Consecuencias de largo plazo: • Alteraciones de la biodiversidad regional. • Colapso de microecosistemas dependientes de patrones meteorológicos estables. • Vulnerabilidad aumentada frente a eventos climáticos extremos. Estos efectos, aunque oficialmente atribuidos a “cambio climático”, presentan correlaciones temporales y espaciales claras con las actividades de modificación atmosférica documentadas, y no pueden ser explicados exclusivamente por procesos naturales.” “Hallazgo 9: Vulneración de Derechos Fundamentales de Acceso a Información Ambiental El derecho de acceso a la información ambiental está garantizado en múltiples instrumentos legales: • Convenio de Aarhus (ratificado por España y la Unión Europea). • Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea (artículo 37). • Constitución Española (artículos 45 y 105). Estos instrumentos reconocen que: • Todo ciudadano tiene derecho a acceder a la información sobre el estado del medio ambiente. • Las autoridades públicas tienen la obligación de facilitar dicha información sin necesidad de justificar el interés particular. Sin embargo, respecto a las operaciones atmosféricas: • No existen registros públicos accesibles sobre la composición química real de los combustibles utilizados en aviación. • No se publican datos de operaciones logísticas coordinadas bajo acuerdos militares o corporativos. • Las solicitudes de información ambiental sobre las estelas persistentes y sus componentes han sido recurrentemente denegadas o ignoradas. Esta opacidad viola de manera sistemática: • El derecho a saber qué se está liberando en la atmósfera. • El derecho a evaluar los riesgos ambientales y sanitarios derivados. • El principio de transparencia democrática. Además, obstaculiza gravemente: • La realización de investigaciones científicas independientes. • La elaboración de políticas públicas basadas en datos reales. La vulneración de este derecho fundamental es un síntoma claro de deriva post-democrática en la gestión ambiental. Referencia a mecanismos internacionales disponibles: Se recomienda específicamente considerar la aplicación del Convenio sobre la Prohibición del Uso Militar u Otro Uso Hostil de Técnicas de Modificación Ambiental (ENMOD,1978), así como la Convención de Aarhus sobre Acceso a la Información, Participación Pública en la Toma de Decisiones y Acceso a la Justicia en Temas Medioambientales, como posibles vías jurídicas internacionales adicionales para exigir investigaciones, auditorías y transparencia frente a las operaciones denunciadas.” 23 horas………………………………………………………………. “Hallazgo 10: Consolidación de un Modelo de Control Ambiental Postdemocrático La suma de los fenómenos documentados — privatización de infraestructuras críticas, control logístico transnacional, opacidad legal, modificación atmosférica encubierta y negación sistemática de información — configura un patrón de transformación estructural de la gobernanza ambiental. Características de este modelo: • Sustracción de decisiones estratégicas del ámbito democrático nacional. • Delegación de competencias ambientales a entidades supranacionales (OTAN, fondos de inversión, agencias logísticas). • Operaciones de modificación atmosférica ejecutadas sin consentimiento ciudadano ni control parlamentario. • Desinformación activa o silencio institucional frente a fenómenos observablesy documentables. Consecuencias políticas: • La ciudadanía queda reducida al papel de observador pasivo, privada de capacidad de decisión sobre el medio ambiente que sostiene su vida. • El concepto clásico de soberanía ambiental se disuelve en redes logísticas y financieras globalizadas. • La democracia ecológica queda erosionada, siendo reemplazada por una gestión tecnocrática de la atmósfera bajo intereses estratégicos ajenos al bien común. La consolidación de este modelo representa una amenaza existencial no sólo para la salud de los ecosistemas, sino para la propia viabilidad de las democracias contemporáneas. Reconocerlo es el primer paso para revertirlo.” “Conexiones Estratégicas Internacionales El fenómeno documentado en España no es aislado ni exclusivo. Forma parte de un patrón internacional de transformación de las infraestructuras logísticas energéticas y de su subordinación a estrategias militares, corporativas y geopolíticas globales. Estas conexiones permiten comprender: • Cómo el modelo logístico de control ambiental ha sido diseñado y exportado. • Qué entidades, acuerdos y redes operan más allá de las fronteras nacionales. • Por qué los fenómenos de modificación atmosférica observados son simultáneos en múltiples países. Aquí se exponen las principales conexiones estratégicas que sustentan el sistema de control aéreo y modificación ambiental global. Listado de Conexiones : 1. El Modelo CEPS (Central Europe Pipeline System). 2. El Rol de la Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA). 3. Privatización coordinada de redes logísticas críticas en Europa. 4. Penetración de fondos de inversión globales en infraestructura energética. 5. Adopción de marcos legales habilitadores (RefuelEU, Green Deal, etc.). 6. Coordinación logística civil-militar bajo interés estratégico global. Cada conexión será detallada a continuación.” “Conexión 1: El Modelo CEPS (Central Europe Pipeline System) El Central Europe Pipeline System (CEPS) es un sistema de oleoductos transnacionales que cubre Bélgica, Francia, Alemania, Luxemburgo y Países Bajos, diseñadoinicialmente para abastecer a las fuerzas de la OTAN. Características principales: • Más de 5.000 km de oleoductos subterráneos interconectados. • Capacidad de transporte tanto de combustibles militares como civiles. • Gestión operativa a cargo de la Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA). Funciones estratégicas: • Permitir el abastecimiento rápido de bases militares, aeropuertos y puntos estratégicos sin depender de rutas logísticas visibles. • Integrar la infraestructura civil en redes militares de forma encubierta. • Facilitar operaciones logísticas de gran escala en caso de conflicto o emergencia estratégica. Relevancia para la modificación atmosférica: • El CEPS establece el precedente operativo: infraestructura civil energética privatizada o semi-privatizada, utilizada bajo control militar y estratégico sin supervisión pública. • Su existencia demuestra que es técnicamente viable coordinar operaciones de suministro de combustibles modificados a gran escala a través de redes logísticas integradas. El modelo CEPS ha servido de referencia para otros procesos de transformación logística en Europa, incluida la reestructuración de redes en España bajo entidades como Exolum. Conexión 2: El Rol de la Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA) La Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA) es el organismo responsable de la gestión logística de la Alianza Atlántica. Funciones clave: • Gestión de redes de oleoductos como el CEPS. • Suministro y distribución de combustibles a bases militares, aeronaves y unidades estratégicas. • Coordinación logística entre infraestructuras civiles y militares en Europa. Características operativas: • Capacidad de ordenar movimientos logísticos en tiempo de paz y conflicto. • Autonomía operativa para requisar, usar o redirigir infraestructuras críticas bajo tratados firmados por países miembros. • Operaciones sujetas a secreto estratégico y fuera del alcance de la supervisión ciudadana ordinaria. Relevancia para la modificación atmosférica: • La NSPA tiene la capacidad práctica de gestionar el suministro de combustibles modificados a aeronaves civiles o militares mediante acuerdos de cooperación logística. • Puede hacerlo sin necesidad de construir nuevas infraestructuras visibles, utilizando las redes existentes bajo acuerdos ya vigentes. • Permite la ejecución de operaciones de modificación atmosférica a escala continental sin necesidad de informar a los parlamentos nacionales. La existencia y operación de la NSPA demuestra que el marco logístico global para el control ambiental ya está en funcionamiento. Conexión 3: Privatización coordinada de redes logísticas críticas en Europa La transformación de la infraestructura logística energética en Europa no ha sido un proceso espontáneo ni exclusivamente económico. Ha seguido un patrón coordinado que permite: • Despojar a los Estados nacionales del control operativo de sus redes de abastecimiento energético. • Transferir la propiedad y la gestión a fondos de inversión globalizados. • Facilitar la integración logística bajo estrategias supranacionales. Evidencias documentadas: • La privatización de CLH en España (hoy Exolum) siguió modelos similares a los aplicados en redes de oleoductos en Alemania, Francia y Países Bajos. • Los principales operadores actuales de redes logísticas en Europa son propiedad mayoritaria de fondos de inversión extranjeros. • Esta privatización se ha realizado sin procesos de consulta pública efectiva, bajo el discurso de ”eficiencia de mercado”. Consecuencias estratégicas: • El acceso físico a los nodos críticos de la infraestructura energética ya no depende de las decisiones democráticas nacionales. • La infraestructura está disponible para operaciones que escapan al control parlamentario y ciudadano. • Se crea un corredor logístico ideal para operaciones encubiertas, incluyendo la modificación atmosférica mediante dispersión de compuestos en aviación civil. La privatización coordinada no fue un accidente: fue una condición necesaria para establecer la red logística global de control atmosférico.” “Conexión 4: Penetración de fondos de inversión globales en infraestructura energética La adquisición de redes logísticas energéticas por fondos de inversión internacionales representa uno de los cambios estructurales más profundos y menos discutidos de las últimas décadas. Principales características: • Los mayores fondos de pensiones, infraestructura y capital riesgo (principalmente de EE.UU., Canadá y Reino Unido) controlan actualmente activos estratégicos de oleoductos, terminales y depósitos energéticos en Europa. • La lógica operativa de estos fondos prioriza rentabilidad financiera, opacidad de operaciones y coordinación estratégica con intereses geopolíticos occidentales. Ejemplos relevantes: • Exolum (España) controlada por fondos como OMERS (Canadá) y otros consorcios anglosajones. • Aramco-Infrastructure (Alemania) parcialmente en manos de inversores internacionales. • Terminales portuarias energéticas europeas adquiridas por consorcios estadounidenses. Consecuencias: • Se disocia el control físico de la infraestructura del control político nacional. • Las decisiones sobre rutas, composiciones de combustibles y acceso a nodos energéticos quedan fuera del alcance parlamentario. • Se facilita la integración de operaciones logísticas encubiertas bajo paraguas corporativos inabordables jurídicamente para ciudadanos o gobiernos locales. Relevancia para la modificación atmosférica: • Los combustibles de aviación pueden ser modificados en su composición sin necesidad de intervención estatal directa. • Las redes de distribución ya están controladas por intereses alineados con agendas estratégicas globales. La penetración de los fondos no es un fenómeno económico aislado: es una operación estructural de control ambiental y geopolítico a largo plazo. Los mismos fondos que controlan la energía y la petroquímica financian las infraestructuras logísticas y, a través de participaciones en medios y plataformas de verificación, condicionan también la narrativa pública. Nota aclaratoria sobre fondos de inversión: La participación accionarial de fondos como BlackRock o Vanguard en empresas logísticas como Exolum está basada en datos públicos obtenidos mediante formularios oficiales SEC 13-F (Comisión de Bolsa y Valores de EE.UU.) y registros públicos de entidades reguladoras europeas. La conexión establecida en este dossier es documental y financiera, sin implicar necesariamente conocimiento o responsabilidad directa en las actividades operativas concretas aquí descritas, lo que debería investigarse mediante auditorías externas independientes adicionales. Conexión 5: Adopción de marcos legales habilitadores (RefuelEU, Green Deal, etc.) El despliegue del control logístico y de modificación atmosférica encubierta ha requerido no sólo la transformación física de las infraestructuras, sino también la creación de marcos legales que normalicen y oculten las operaciones. Instrumentos legales clave: • Reglamento (UE) 2023/2405 RefuelEU Aviation: – Obliga progresivamente a la incorporación de ”combustibles sostenibles” en la aviación civil. – Permite la mezcla de compuestos en los carburantes tradicionales sin obligación de transparencia pública sobre la composición exacta. • Green Deal Europeo: – Introduce metas de ”neutralidad climática” que justifican la alteración de los patrones atmosféricos bajo objetivos de ”gestión de radiación solar” y ”modificación climática”. – Abre espacio legal para proyectos de geoingeniería ”experimental” a gran escala. • Agenda 2030: Establece compromisos de modificación de prácticas industriales y energéticas que permiten justificar experimentalismos atmosféricos sin consulta popular efectiva. Consecuencias directas: • Se crea una capa legal de protección para operaciones de dispersión atmosférica que serían ilegales bajo marcos tradicionales de protección ambiental. • Se difumina la frontera entre investigación legítima, manipulación climática y operaciones encubiertas de control ambiental. • Se otorga cobertura jurídica para modificar la atmósfera en nombre de objetivos climáticos globales.” “El marco legal habilitador no es accidental: es la coartada jurídica necesaria para permitir la ejecución de operaciones de modificación atmosférica sin resistencia jurídica significativa. Aditivos encubiertos y SAF: la puerta química que nadie audita Vacío regulatorio en la era ReFuelEU El Reglamento (UE) 2023/2405 obliga a mezclar progresivamente “Combustibles Sostenibles de Aviación” (SAF) con el Jet A-1 convencional. Artículo 4.3*: los operadores sólo deben certificar que el lote final cumple propiedades fisicoquímicas estándar (densidad, punto de congelación, etc.). No existe obligación de publicar la lista completa de aditivos “funcionales” empleados en cada mezcla. Resultado: cualquier compuesto que no altere los parámetros de la norma ASTM D1655/DEF STAN 91-091 puede incorporarse sin quedar rastreado públicamente. Ejemplo documental: La ficha de seguridad oficial (MSDS) del combustible sostenible de aviación Neste MY SAF, disponible públicamente en neste.com, clasifica su composición bajo el epígrafe “proprietary blend of hydrocarbons”, sin declarar los aditivos exactos por estar protegidos por secreto industrial. Esta opacidad normativa impide conocer la presencia de compuestos con función atmosférica no declarada. A fecha de abril de 2025, dicha patente no ha sido revocada ni obsoleta, y sus principios técnicos siguen aplicables en aeronáutica contemporánea.” “Compatibilidad con la Single Fuel Policy (F-34/JP-8) de la OTAN Los manuales STANAG 3747 y 1135 autorizan: • inhibidores de corrosión, • antiestáticos, • mejoradores de combustión, • supresores de hielo. Mientras el combustible pase los ensayos de referencia, la OTAN no exige divulgar el aditivo. La cadena logística CEPS-NSPA puede, por tanto, aceptar lotes con nanopartículas metálicas, dispersantes de sulfato o aditivos experimentales sin conocimiento de las autoridades civiles. Posible presencia de PFAS como aditivos funcionales ocultos Investigaciones recientes (Military Poisons, 2024) han documentado la presencia masiva de compuestos PFAS —sustancias perfluoroalquiladas altamente persistentes— en acuíferos cercanos a bases OTAN en Alemania, sin ejercicios recientes que justifiquen su liberación mediante espumas antiincendios. Esto sugiere otros usos posibles. Los PFAS poseen propiedades fisicoquímicas compatibles con funciones atmosféricas: son ultrahidrofóbicos, termoestables y químicamente inertes, ideales para inhibir la nucleación natural de nubes y estabilizar aerosoles dispersados en la troposfera. Su resistencia térmica también permite que sobrevivan al paso por turbinas de aviación. Aunque no se menciona explícitamente su inclusión en fichas técnicas (MSDS) de combustibles como Neste MY SAF, su compatibilidad funcional los convierte en candidatos plausibles como aditivos experimentales no declarados, introducidos bajo cláusulas de secreto comercial o seguridad OTAN. La detección ambiental sistemática de estos compuestos en zonas logísticas clave sugiere que podrían estar actuando como uno de los “aditivos invisibles” utilizados en operaciones de modificación atmosférica, encubiertos bajo la arquitectura legal abierta del Reglamento RefuelEU y la Política de Combustible Único de la OTAN. Patentes que legitiman la dispersión atmosférica • US 5 003 186 A (1989) – “Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming”: describe óxidos de aluminio o torio micronizados para reflejar radiación solar. • WO 2010/018157 A1 – “Method for dispersing stratospheric aerosols”: propone sulfatos y carbonatos alcalinos en combustible. Estas patentes no prueban aplicación operacional, pero establecen el marco técnico: combustible + aditivo = aerosol atmosférico. Conexión con compuestos funcionales encriptados: el caso PFAS Estas patentes analizadas, describen la necesidad de utilizar “compuestos dispersantes termoestables, dieléctricos, y persistentemente suspendidos” para mantener en atmósfera aerosoles con fines de modificación climática. Aunque estas patentes evitan mencionar nombres químicos específicos, las propiedades técnicas detalladas coinciden estrechamente con las de los compuestos PFAS (perfluoroalquilados). Dado que los PFAS son ya utilizados en entornos militares, poseen compatibilidad con combustibles aeronáuticos y han sido encontrados en bases OTAN contaminadas sin causa directa visible, resulta legítimo considerar que estos compuestos podrían estar siendo utilizados como aditivos funcionales experimentales no declarados, cumpliendo funciones de dispersión, inhibición de nucleación o modificación radiativa, sin requerir grandes masas de inyección. Esta conexión entre evidencia patentada, funcionalidad atmosférica y presencia ambiental sugiere un uso estructural de los PFAS más allá de su narrativa oficial como “residuos de extintores”.” “Validación ambiental no prevista: presencia de PFAS en regiones rurales remotas La hipótesis de dispersión atmosférica encubierta a través de aditivos funcionales encuentra una validación inesperada en datos empíricos recopilados por múltiples investigaciones científicas y ambientales independientes. Estudios recientes en EE.UU. y Europa han detectado concentraciones elevadas de PFAS —compuestos con propiedades idénticas a las descritas en las patentes analizadas— en zonas rurales alejadas de bases militares, aeropuertos o instalaciones industriales. Entre los casos más documentados destacan: • Pozos contaminados con PFAS en comunidades agrícolas de California e Iowa, sin industria aledaña ni uso conocido de espumas antiincendios. • Agua potable con PFAS en aldeas rurales de Alemania, Suiza, Polonia y Francia; los mapas muestran trazas incluso en áreas de montaña o reservas naturales. • Presencia de ácido trifluoroacético (TFA, subproducto atmosférico de PFAS) en el Sena, el Elba y otros ríos europeos sin fuente industrial directa. • PFAS detectados en suelos y agua de deshielo de estaciones de esquí y zonas montañosas no urbanizadas. Estos hallazgos cuestionan la narrativa oficial que atribuye toda presencia de PFAS a espumas antiincendios o productos de consumo, y apuntan a una posible vía de dispersión atmosférica a gran escala. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de estos compuestos (persistencia, movilidad atmosférica, resistencia térmica) y su coincidencia con zonas de alta densidad aérea militar o civil sugiere que podrían haber sido liberados en altitud, transportados por vientos y precipitados de forma diferencial sobre regiones remotas. Lejos de refutar el modelo expuesto en este dossier, estos datos ambientales lo refuerzan con una lógica inapelable: si las rutas legales, logísticas y técnicas permiten la dispersión, y los residuos ya están en lugares sin causa aparente, entonces no estamos ante una hipótesis, sino ante un fenómeno operativo parcialmente visible. La presencia de PFAS en regiones rurales remotas constituye una de las validaciones externas más poderosas del modelo. No puede haber PFAS en la cima de una montaña sin fábricas, sin bases y sin carreteras… …a menos que llegaran desde el cielo. El encaje perfecto del hallazgo Componente del modelo Validación encontrada Aditivos funcionales ocultos PFAS identificados con propiedades exactas Dispersión aérea vía SAF Contaminación rural sin fuentes locales Opacidad logística OTAN Bases contaminadas + contratos no auditables Inhibición de nucleación / control atmosférico PFAS = hidrofóbicos, termoestables, persistentes Encubrimiento narrativo “Espumas antiincendio” como excusa institucional Patentes sin nombres químicos PFAS cumplen las descripciones “encriptadas”.” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Conductor del programa UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq Invitados Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP @ayec98_2 Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. ToniM @ToniMbuscadores …. Fernando Beltrán @nenucosinpanial @venusmelibra ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: AYUDA A TRAVÉS DE LA COMPRA DE MIS LIBROS https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2024/11/16/ayuda-a-traves-de-la-compra-de-mis-libros/ PDF para descargar Control Aéreo, Logística Energética y Manipulación Atmosférica Global https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/k4jooyk1u1htca2ttxl8d/Control_A-reo__Log-stica_Energ-tica_y_Manipulaci-n_Atmosf-rica_Global.pdf?rlkey=68fkjw7nj7aym96ho27baf0g3&st=pq323k6e&dl=0 ………………………………………………………………………………………. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros ………………………………………………………………………………………. Epílogo Vamos - Conspirazion https://youtu.be/A0PZ7c9kE68?feature=shared
Bienvenidos a la segunda parte de este programa especial sobre geoingeniería. A través de los datos que hemos expuesto se puede decir que han creado un cambio en la logística de la distribución del combustible para aviación para ser utilizado en las fumigaciones clandestinas que sufrimos en todo el mundo occidental. Repasemos otra vez el listado de Hallazgos principales: 1. Privatización de Infraestructuras Críticas de Combustibles de Aviación. 2. Control de Redes Logísticas Energéticas por Fondos de Inversión. 3. Integración de Infraestructuras Civiles bajo Órdenes de la OTAN-NSPA. 4. Habilitación Legal para Introducir Compuestos No Declarados en Combustibles. 5. Observación Directa de Estelas Persistentes Anómalas. 6. Correlación entre Patrones de Tráfico Aéreo y Modificaciones Atmosféricas. 7. Impacto Potencial en Salud Pública Documentado en Estudios Médicos. 8. Alteración de Ciclos Hidrológicos y Efectos sobre Ecosistemas. 9. Vulneración de Derechos Fundamentales de Acceso a Información Ambiental. 10. Consolidación de un Modelo de Control Ambiental Post-democrático. Cada hallazgo será expuesto en detalle a continuación. En esta parte hablaremos un poco de los riesgos toxicológicos y de las oscuras conexiones con la OTAN y otras agencias gubernamentales e instituciones publico-privadas que trabajan para el gobierno mundial en la sombra. “Riesgos toxicológicos subestimados Estudios de toxicología ambiental (Oberdörster 2005; Maher 2016) demuestran que nanopartículas de aluminio y bario atraviesan la barrera hemato-encefálica y se asocian a procesos neurodegenerativos. La exposición crónica, incluso a dosis subclínicas, incrementa: • inflamación pulmonar, • estrés oxidativo sistémico, • disfunción neurovascular. El vacío regulatorio SAF-F-34 impide evaluar estos riesgos en población civil.” Si partículas metálicas atraviesan la barrera hematoencefálica y llegan al cerebro, podrían generarse diversos efectos adversos dependiendo de su tipo, tamaño y concentración. Estas partículas, como las de metales pesados (plomo, mercurio o cadmio), pueden inducir neurotoxicidad, causando inflamación, estrés oxidativo y daño neuronal. Esto podría alterar funciones cognitivas, motoras o emocionales, y en casos graves, contribuir al desarrollo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas como Alzheimer o Parkinson. Además, la acumulación de estas partículas podría interferir con la señalización neuronal o provocar respuestas inmunitarias locales, exacerbando el daño tisular. La falta de mecanismos eficientes para eliminar estas partículas del cerebro agrava el riesgo, haciendo que su presencia sea potencialmente peligrosa a largo plazo. “Inauditable por diseño 1. Origen disperso: la mezcla SAF se produce en refinerías o “blending hubs” privados; los aditivos se declaran sólo al loteador. 2. Logística cerrada: CEPS-NSPA distribuye el producto final ya certificado. 3. Protección militar/industrial: la composición se ampara en secreto comercial o cláusulas de seguridad OTAN. Conclusión: la ciudadanía carece de cualquier vía práctica para analizar qué se ha añadido realmente al combustible que sobrevuela sus cielos. Esta sección demuestra que la ventana normativa abierta por ReFuelEU y la Single Fuel Policy OTAN permite, hoy, introducir compuestos atmosféricos de forma legalmente opaca, sin control democrático ni auditoría sanitaria. Conexión 6: Coordinación logística civil-militar bajo interés estratégico global La frontera tradicional entre infraestructuras civiles y militares ha sido sistemáticamente disuelta en las últimas décadas bajo el argumento de la ”eficiencia logística” y la ”seguridad estratégica”. Evidencias documentadas: • Acuerdos entre Estados miembros de la OTAN para permitir el uso de infraestructuras civiles de abastecimiento, transporte y almacenamiento energético en operaciones militares. • Establecimiento de corredores logísticos estratégicos que combinan tráfico civil y militar en redes de aviación, energía y comunicaciones. • Delegación operativa de nodos estratégicos de abastecimiento energético a entidades supranacionales bajo marcos de cooperación militar. Características de esta coordinación: • Uso dual de infraestructuras: lo que aparenta ser civil puede ser usado militarmente sin que la ciudadanía lo perciba. • Falta de transparencia: los detalles operativos quedan protegidos por cláusulas de secreto militar o de seguridad estratégica. • Capacidad de ejecución logística a escala continental sin necesidad de declarar estados de excepción ni conflictos armados. Relevancia para la modificación atmosférica: • La infraestructura civil de aviación puede ser utilizada para operaciones de dispersión atmosférica sin necesidad de declarar misiones militares. • Las rutas de vuelo, los depósitos de combustible, las redes de abastecimiento ya están integradas logísticamente en una arquitectura de control estratégico. Esta coordinación logística civil-militar es la pieza final que permite comprender cómo se pueden ejecutar operaciones globales de modificación atmosférica sin dejar rastro administrativo visible.” “Conexión 7: INFRAESTRUCTURA MILITAR INVISIBLE DARPA · Pentágono · CIA · OTAN DARPA – El laboratorio del clima bélico La Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), creada en 1958 bajo el Pentágono, dirige programas de investigación encubiertos que incluyen manipulación atmosférica. Entre 2010 y 2024 ha financiado proyectos de “gestión de radiación solar” (SRM), inyección de sulfatos en la estratosfera y sensores hiperespectrales para rastrear aerosoles. Patentes clave: • US 5 003 186 A (Welsbach, 1989). Propone mezclar óxidos de aluminio y torio micronizados en el combustible de aviación para reflejar luz solar. • WO 2010/018157 A1. Describe la dispersión estratosférica de aerosoles directamente a través del jet fuel. En la práctica, DARPA entrega la tecnología “lista para campo” al Pentágono mediante programas especiales clasificados (SAP, Special Access Programs). Pentágono – Autorización y despliegue encubierto El Departamento de Defensa aprueba cada año, dentro del presupuesto de I+D (RDT&E), líneas de gasto etiquetadas como Atmospheric Sensing & Effects. Cuando un prototipo DARPA se considera “estratégico”, el Pentágono lo traslada a un SAP: operaciones blindadas a la supervisión del Congreso y clasificadas durante décadas. Así se autorizaría la mezcla de aditivos atmosféricos en el combustible militar F-34/JP-8 sin control civil. CIA – Gestión de la narrativa y desinformación La CIA no diseña la tecnología, pero protege el programa: • Financia (directa o indirectamente, vía NED, USAID, Open Society) a plataformas de “verificación de hechos” (Maldita.es, FullFact, Newtral) que tachan cualquier denuncia de “chemtrails” de teoría conspirativa. • Mantiene redes mediáticas de influencia que recuerdan al histórico proyecto Mockingbird: periodistas afines, académicos subvencionados y “expertos” que repiten el guion oficial (“sólo es vapor de agua”). OTAN / NSPA – Logística operativa El brazo logístico de la OTAN (NSPA) gestiona el Central Europe Pipeline System (CEPS) y conecta oleoductos civiles como Exolum (España-UK). Desde 1959 rige la “cláusula de prioridad militar”: en cualquier contingencia, la demanda aliada prevalece sobre la civil. Esto permite que lotes de combustible F-34 con aditivos pasen de refinería a aeropuertos civiles (Fráncfort, Schiphol, Bruselas, Madrid) sin auditoría pública, camuflando la dispersión masiva en vuelos comerciales y militares. ¿Quién controla realmente a DARPA? — La capa financiera Empresa controlada Sector clave % aprox. BlackRock + Vanguard Lockheed Martin Contratista DARPA (defensa) 15 % Raytheon Technologies Contratista DARPA (defensa) 17 % Exxon Mobil Refinería de queroseno 14 % BP PLC Refinerías / SAF 12 % Alphabet (Google) IA, censura algorítmica 13 % Meta Platforms Redes sociales / narrativa 12 % Table 1: Datos basados en formularios públicos 13-F (SEC) y reportes institucionales de fondos de inversión (2023–2024). *Datos SEC 13-F, cuarto trimestre 2024. Los mismos fondos financian think-tanks como RAND o CSIS, que asesoran al Pentágono y a DARPA. El ciclo se cierra: dinero → desarrollo → logística → medios. Flujo de poder y dispersión (descripción visual) 1. BlackRock / Vanguard proporcionan capital y control accionarial. 2. DARPA desarrolla la tecnología y las patentes de aerosoles. 3. Pentágono clasifica y autoriza los programas SAP. 4. OTAN / NSPA distribuyen el combustible modificado por la red CEPS–Exolum. 5. Aviación civil y militar dispersa compuestos en la atmósfera. 6. CIA y verificadores controlan la narrativa pública. 7. El resultado impacta en la opinión pública, que permanece desinformada. Fuente: Datos extraídos de los formularios SEC Form 13-F presentados ante la U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission para el cuarto trimestre de 2024. Códigos CIK disponibles públicamente para cada entidad: Lockheed Martin (0000936468), Exxon Mobil (0000034088), Meta Platforms (0001326801), etc. Datos verificados en sec.gov/edgar. Cita Robert F. Kennedy Jr. “Eso no lo hace mi agencia. Creemos que lo hace DARPA. Y muchas de esas sustancias ya vienen en el jet fuel. Voy a averiguar quién lo hace y a exigir responsabilidades.” Declaraciones realizadas por Robert F. Kennedy Jr.” La Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzada de Defensa (DARPA) ha financiado iniciativas que, por su naturaleza avanzada y potencialmente invasiva, han generado controversia y especulación sobre sus implicaciones éticas. Entre los proyectos más oscuros se encuentra el programa HI-MEMS (Hybrid Insect Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), que buscaba desarrollar insectos cyborg controlados remotamente mediante implantes para misiones de vigilancia o espionaje, planteando preocupaciones sobre la manipulación de seres vivos y la privacidad. Otro proyecto, el Brain Initiative, explora interfaces cerebro-máquina para controlar dispositivos con la mente, lo que, aunque prometedor para aplicaciones médicas, genera temores sobre el control mental o la vigilancia neuronal. Además, el programa EATR (Energetically Autonomous Tactical Robot) propuso robots capaces de alimentarse de biomasa, incluyendo materia orgánica, lo que desató especulaciones sobre su uso en escenarios bélicos extremos. Aunque algunos de estos proyectos, como los descritos en fuentes públicas, han sido desclasificados, su carácter innovador y militar ha alimentado debates sobre sus posibles usos encubiertos y consecuencias éticas. “La dispersión atmosférica encubierta no depende de una sola institución: es una cadena integrada donde un núcleo financiero (BlackRock/Vanguard) financia la investigación (DARPA), la autorización bélica (Pentágono), la logística (OTAN-NSPA) y la narrativa (CIA + fact-checkers). Este entramado demuestra que la manipulación del cielo forma parte de una estrategia militar-corporativa global con respaldo financiero unificado. Análisis Estratégico Crítico La arquitectura militar invisible detallada refuerza y prolonga las conexiones estratégicas antes expuestas. La exposición detallada de los hallazgos y conexiones internacionales permite construir un análisis estratégico del modelo actual de control aéreo, logístico y atmosférico. Este análisis no busca simplemente describir los hechos, sino entender su lógica subyacente, sus implicaciones a largo plazo, y su impacto sobre los principios democráticos, ambientales y sociales fundamentales. Ejes principales del análisis: 1. Impacto sobre la soberanía nacional: Disolución del control estatal efectivo sobre infraestructuras críticas. 2. Impacto sobre los derechos fundamentales: Vulneración sistemática del derecho a un medio ambiente sano, a la salud pública y al acceso a información ambiental. 3. Impacto sobre el medio ambiente y los ecosistemas: Alteración directa de ciclos hidrológicos, climáticos y biológicos. 4. Impacto sobre la salud pública: Exposición masiva a compuestos tóxicos sin consentimiento ni conocimiento ciudadano. 5. Impacto sobre la estructura democrática: Emergencia de una gobernanza tecnocrática supranacional fuera del control democrático. 6. Impacto sobre la conciencia colectiva: Generación de un estado de desconexión entre los fenómenos observados y las narrativas oficiales. Este análisis permite concluir que no estamos simplemente ante un fenómeno ambiental aislado, sino ante una transformación estructural del contrato social contemporáneo. Impacto sobre la Soberanía Nacional El control operativo de infraestructuras críticas por entidades privadas internacionales, la subordinación logística a estructuras supranacionales como la OTAN, y la adopción de marcos legales transnacionales sin consulta democrática efectiva, han resultado en una erosión profunda de la soberanía nacional. Consecuencias específicas: • Pérdida de control sobre el espacio aéreo operativo: Las operaciones de modificación atmosférica pueden ejecutarse sin conocimiento ni autorización explícita de los gobiernos nacionales. • Pérdida de control sobre la composición de combustibles: Los Estados ya no supervisan ni regulan directamente la composición química de los combustibles de aviación usados sobre su territorio. • Imposibilidad de proteger a la ciudadanía mediante mecanismos nacionales: Al operar bajo paraguas jurídicos transnacionales, las acciones de modificación atmosférica escapan a las capacidades regulatorias internas. • Dilución del principio de autodeterminación: La capacidad de decidir sobre el medio ambiente, el espacio aéreo y los recursos naturales queda relegada a acuerdos estratégicos no sometidos a escrutinio democrático. Esta pérdida de soberanía no es accidental ni colateral: es un efecto estructural buscado para facilitar la ejecución de operaciones estratégicas globales sin interferencia política local. La soberanía ambiental, energética y aérea es hoy, en la práctica, una ilusión jurídica en muchos países europeos. Impacto sobre los Derechos Fundamentales La ejecución encubierta de operaciones de modificación atmosférica afecta directamente múltiples derechos humanos reconocidos en tratados internacionales, constituciones nacionales y principios jurídicos fundamentales. Principales derechos vulnerados: • Derecho a un medio ambiente sano: Establecido en el artículo 45 de la Constitución Española y en tratados como el Convenio de Aarhus, este derecho es vulnerado por la dispersión sistemática de compuestos tóxicos en la atmósfera. • Derecho a la salud pública: La exposición continua e involuntaria a nanopartículas y aerosoles tóxicos constituye una amenaza real y documentada a la salud de la población, violando el principio de precaución sanitaria. • Derecho de acceso a la información ambiental: La opacidad respecto a las operaciones atmosféricas y la composición de combustibles vulnera el derecho a recibir información clara y veraz sobre los riesgos ambientales. • Derecho a la participación pública en decisiones ambientales: Ninguna consulta popular, debate parlamentario abierto o referéndum ha sido realizado sobre las operaciones de modificación atmosférica. • Derecho al consentimiento informado: La ciudadanía es sometida a alteraciones ambientales masivas sin su conocimiento ni consentimiento, violando principios básicos de ética pública y derechos civiles. Estos derechos no son secundarios: constituyen la base de la dignidad humana en relación con el entorno vital. Su vulneración sistemática configura un escenario de agresión silenciosa a la estructura misma de los derechos fundamentales contemporáneos.” “Impacto sobre el Medio Ambiente y los Ecosistemas Las operaciones de modificación atmosférica documentadas tienen efectos directos, acumulativos y potencialmente irreversibles sobre los ecosistemas naturales. Principales impactos ambientales: • Alteración de patrones de nubosidad y precipitaciones: La dispersión de aerosoles en la atmósfera interfiere con la formación natural de nubes, reduciendo la pluviometría y modificando el equilibrio hídrico de los ecosistemas. • Aceleración de procesos de desertificación: La disminución de lluvias naturales y el aumento de irradiación solar en zonas alteradas favorecen la degradación de suelos, afectando la biodiversidad y la productividad agrícola. • Contaminación atmosférica de amplio espectro: La liberación de nanopartículas metálicas altera la calidad del aire y se deposita en suelos y aguas, afectando cadenas tróficas completas. • Disrupción de ciclos biológicos dependientes del clima: Polinizadores, migraciones de aves, ciclos de reproducción de flora y fauna son sensibles a cambios en temperatura, humedad y radiación solar, viéndose alterados por las modificaciones atmosféricas. • Incremento de vulnerabilidad ante eventos extremos: Ecosistemas debilitados por manipulación atmosférica son más susceptibles a incendios forestales, inundaciones súbitas y otros fenómenos extremos. Estos impactos no son aislados ni anecdóticos: forman parte de una reconfiguración forzada del equilibrio planetario, cuyos efectos a largo plazo son aún incalculables. La manipulación de la atmósfera es también una manipulación de la vida en todas sus formas. Impacto sobre la Salud Pública La dispersión sistemática de compuestos químicos en la atmósfera tiene consecuencias directas y documentadas sobre la salud humana, muchas de las cuales ya comienzan a manifestarse de manera creciente en las estadísticas sanitarias globales. Principales impactos en la salud: • Aumento de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas: Asma, bronquitis, fibrosis pulmonar y otras afecciones han mostrado incrementos estadísticamente significativos en zonas sometidas a alta actividad de estelas persistentes. • Incremento de patologías cardiovasculares: La inhalación de nanopartículas metálicas contribuye a procesos inflamatorios sistémicos y disfunción endotelial, aumentando el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. • Impactos neurológicos: La exposición crónica a partículas ultrafinas ha sido asociada en estudios recientes con mayor incidencia de enfermedades neurodegenerativas como Alzheimer y Parkinson. • Alteraciones del sistema inmunológico: La carga tóxica continua reduce la eficacia del sistema inmunitario, aumentando la vulnerabilidad a infecciones, alergias y trastornos autoinmunes. • Aumento de trastornos endocrinos: Algunos compuestos dispersados pueden actuar como disruptores hormonales, afectando la regulación endocrina en seres humanos y fauna. Consecuencia ética y política: • La exposición involuntaria y no informada de poblaciones enteras a agentes tóxicos constituye una violación grave de los principios médicos fundamentales, incluyendo el de consentimiento informado y no maleficencia. • La manipulación atmosférica encubierta debe ser considerada un experimento masivo no autorizado sobre la salud humana. La protección real de la salud pública exige el cese inmediato de estas prácticas y la apertura de investigaciones independientes a gran escala.” “Impacto sobre la Estructura Democrática La ejecución encubierta de operaciones de modificación atmosférica y el control logístico global asociado no sólo afectan al medio ambiente y la salud pública: erosionan de forma profunda los fundamentos mismos de la democracia. Principales efectos sobre la estructura democrática: • Supresión del principio de transparencia: La ciudadanía es privada del acceso a información veraz sobre operaciones que afectan directamente su entorno y su salud. • Violación del principio de consentimiento popular: Alteraciones masivas del medio ambiente son implementadas sin consulta, deliberación ni autorización ciudadana. • Concentración del poder decisional en estructuras no electas: Agencias supranacionales, fondos de inversión y entidades militares toman decisiones críticas fuera del alcance democrático. • Erosión de la capacidad de fiscalización política: Los parlamentos nacionales carecen de mecanismos efectivos para auditar o controlar las operaciones logísticas de modificación ambiental. • Normalización de la excepcionalidad permanente: En nombre de objetivos estratégicos (como la ”lucha contra el cambio climático”), se consolidan prácticas de gobernanza que eluden las normas democráticas tradicionales. Esta erosión no es un daño colateral: es un objetivo funcional del nuevo modelo de gestión tecnocrática del medio ambiente. Una sociedad donde el cielo mismo puede ser manipulado sin conocimiento ni consentimiento de su población ya no puede considerarse plenamente democrática. La defensa del medio ambiente y la defensa de la democracia son hoy una misma causa inseparable. Control narrativo institucional La misma red financiera que domina la logística energética controla también los principales verificadores de datos y plataformas mediáticas. Iniciativas etiquetadas como “fact-checking” — Maldita.es, FullFact, AFP Factual, entre otras— reciben financiación directa o indirecta de fundaciones ligadas a los mismos fondos de inversión que participan en compañías energéticas, tecnológicas y de defensa. Estas entidades funcionan como un cordón sanitario informativo: descalifican sistemáticamente cualquier investigación sobre manipulación atmosférica tildándola de “bulo” o “conspiración” sin entrar en la evidencia logística, normativa ni científica que aquí se presenta. El resultado es un blindaje narrativo que complementa la infraestructura física y legal de la geoingeniería encubierta, bloqueando el debate público y reforzando la indefensión ciudadana. Impacto sobre la Conciencia Colectiva Más allá de los impactos materiales y jurídicos, la modificación encubierta del entorno natural tiene profundas consecuencias sobre el tejido psicosocial de las sociedades contemporáneas. Principales efectos sobre la conciencia colectiva: • Desconexión perceptiva: La alteración sistemática del cielo, de los ciclos naturales y de los patrones meteorológicos genera una disonancia entre la percepción directa y las narrativas oficiales, debilitando la confianza sensorial básica. • Normalización de lo anómalo: Estelas persistentes, cielos artificialmente blanquecinos, lluvias atípicas o falta de lluvias son aceptados como ”nueva normalidad” sin explicación coherente. • Inducción de indefensión aprendida: Ante la imposibilidad percibida de comprender o influir en los fenómenos atmosféricos, amplios sectores de la población desarrollan apatía, resignación y pasividad política. • Fragmentación de la narrativa colectiva: La división entre quienes observan y quienes niegan o racionalizan las alteraciones ambientales dificulta la construcción de consensos sociales para la acción. • Colonización del imaginario ambiental: La percepción del cielo y de la naturaleza como entornos controlados tecnológicamente debilita el sentido ancestral de pertenencia y respeto hacia el mundo natural. Estos efectos no son espontáneos: forman parte de una guerra cognitiva silenciosa, donde el control ambiental es también un control sobre la percepción, la emocionalidad y la voluntad colectiva. La reconstrucción de la conciencia ecológica libre es un requisito previo para la recuperación de cualquier soberanía real, tanto ambiental como democrática.” “Conclusiones Finales La evidencia documentada en este informe, basada en fuentes oficiales, observaciones directas y análisis lógico estructural, permite llegar a un conjunto de conclusiones firmes y fundamentales. Estas conclusiones no son hipótesis especulativas: son deducciones directas derivadas de los hechos constatados. El fenómeno de la modificación atmosférica encubierta no es un proyecto futuro ni un experimento limitado: • Es una realidad operativa presente. • Está integrada en las infraestructuras logísticas civiles y militares. • Funciona bajo marcos legales habilitadores cuidadosamente diseñados. • Afecta directamente la salud pública, el medio ambiente y los derechos fundamentales. • Erosiona la soberanía nacional y la estructura democrática contemporánea. • Reconfigura la percepción colectiva de la naturaleza y del poder. El informe no busca generar miedo ni desesperanza. Busca sacar a la luz la verdad oculta, devolver el conocimiento a la ciudadanía, y abrir el camino hacia la acción consciente, ética y colectiva. El hecho de que múltiples estados del mundo comiencen a legislar explícitamente contra prácticas de modificación climática indica que el fenómeno ha dejado de ser una sospecha para convertirse en un problema reconocido políticamente. Sin embargo, la persistente negación por parte de organismos internacionales y agencias científicas —sin llevar a cabo auditorías técnicas ni responder a la evidencia presentada— genera una fractura epistemológica profunda. Esta contradicción pone en evidencia una narrativa institucional desfasada respecto a los hechos observados en cielo, suelo y salud humana. La necesidad de una auditoría multidisciplinar, independiente y transparente es urgente e inaplazable. Las siguientes páginas sintetizarán las conclusiones principales y las vías abiertas para la resistencia y la regeneración.” Y ahora repasemos las conclusiones principales. “Conclusión 1: Confirmación de la Operación de Modificación Atmosférica Encubierta Los datos analizados permiten afirmar, sin margen razonable de duda, que: • Existe una operación sostenida de modificación atmosférica a escala regional y posiblemente global. • Esta operación se lleva a cabo mediante el uso de aeronaves civiles y/o militares, aprovechando la infraestructura logística energética existente. • La dispersión de compuestos en la atmósfera es persistente, sistemática y coordinada, no accidental ni natural. Los indicios no son aislados ni anecdóticos: • Cambios logísticos estructurales (privatización, control transnacional, integración logística). • Cambios legales habilitadores (RefuelEU Aviation, marcos de geoingeniería). • Observaciones físicas directas (estelas persistentes, alteraciones climáticas anómalas). • Impactos ambientales y sanitarios crecientes en las poblaciones afectadas. Por tanto, el fenómeno no puede ser ignorado ni relegado al ámbito de la especulación: es una realidad operativa comprobable mediante evidencia pública y lógica estructural. Esta confirmación marca un punto de no retorno: quien conoce estos hechos tiene la responsabilidad ética de actuar.” “Conclusión 2: Violación Sistémica de Derechos Fundamentales y de la Soberanía Ambiental La operación de modificación atmosférica encubierta implica necesariamente la vulneración masiva y sistemática de derechos fundamentales. Entre los derechos vulnerados se encuentran: • El derecho a un medio ambiente sano. • El derecho a la salud pública. • El derecho de acceso a la información ambiental. • El derecho a la participación pública en decisiones que afectan al medio ambiente. • El derecho al consentimiento informado respecto a exposiciones ambientales. A su vez, se confirma: • La pérdida efectiva de soberanía nacional en la gestión del espacio aéreo y el entorno natural. • La subordinación de las decisiones ambientales a intereses estratégicos transnacionales no sometidos a control democrático. Esta violación no es accidental: es estructural, es funcional al nuevo modelo de control geopolítico global, y se perpetúa mediante mecanismos de desinformación, opacidad y cooptación institucional. Frente a esta realidad, la defensa de los derechos fundamentales y de la soberanía ambiental se convierte en un deber ético superior para cualquier ciudadano consciente.” “Conclusión 3: Necesidad de una Respuesta Ética, Ciudadana y Científica Global Frente a la realidad confirmada de la modificación atmosférica encubierta y la violación sistemática de derechos fundamentales, la pasividad no es una opción ética. Es imperativo construir una respuesta articulada que incluya: 1. Acción ética individual: • Informarse rigurosamente. • Compartir información verificada. • Recuperar la observación directa del cielo y del entorno natural. 2. Acción ciudadana colectiva: • Organizar plataformas de denuncia, investigación y acción legal. • Exigir transparencia institucional sobre operaciones atmosféricas y composición de combustibles. • Defender el derecho a un medio ambiente sano y a la soberanía sobre el espacio aéreo. 3. Acción científica independiente: • Promover investigaciones libres sobre composición atmosférica, impactos en salud pública y alteraciones climáticas inducidas. • Crear redes de científicos éticos dispuestos a romper el silencio cómplice. 4. Acción política consciente: • Impulsar legislación que prohíba cualquier forma de modificación atmosférica encubierta. • Recuperar el control democrático sobre infraestructuras críticas energéticas y logísticas. Esta respuesta no debe ser reactiva ni fragmentada: debe ser estratégica, global y profundamente ética. La defensa del cielo, del agua, del aire y de la vida misma es hoy el núcleo de cualquier proyecto humano auténticamente libre.” “Importancia del principio de precaución: Dada la magnitud y las posibles implicaciones globales de los fenómenos aquí documentados, es imperativo aplicar el principio de precaución reconocido por el derecho ambiental internacional. Este principio exige que, ante riesgos ambientales potenciales, aunque no completamente demostrados, las autoridades deben actuar para prevenir el daño. En este contexto, tratados como el Convenio ENMOD (ONU, 1978) y la Convención de Aarhus (1998) otorgan herramientas jurídicas concretas para exigir transparencia, participación pública y acceso a la justicia ambiental. Se insta a los estados a activar estos mecanismos de forma inmediata ante la sospecha fundada de manipulación atmosférica sistemática." “Apéndice Científico: Validación Físico-Lógica del Modelo de Modificación Atmosférica 1. Dinámica Atmosférica y Formación de Estelas Persistentes Principio físico: Las estelas de condensación (“contrails”) se forman cuando los gases de escape de un avión liberan vapor de agua en un entorno con suficiente humedad relativa y temperaturas muy bajas (generalmente por debajo de −40∘C). Condiciones necesarias para persistencia: • Humedad relativa con respecto al hielo > 100 • Presión atmosférica compatible con niveles de vuelo de crucero (10.000–12.000 m). • Ausencia de cizalladura del viento que disipe la estela rápidamente. Observación empírica: Las estelas registradas a altitudes medias (7.000–9.000 m) sobre la península Ibérica, con patrones geométricos y permanencia de hasta 6 o más horas, no cumplen las condiciones meteorológicas descritas para contrails naturales. Conclusión: Su persistencia requiere la presencia de partículas higroscópicas o nucleantes artificiales, tal como describe literatura sobre geoingeniería con sulfatos, aluminosilicatos y nanopartículas de aluminio (Keith et al., 2010). 2. Composición Química: SAF y Reglamentación Europea Reglamento (UE) 2023/2405 – RefuelEU Aviation: Establece que los SAF (”Sustainable Aviation Fuels”) pueden ser mezclados progresivamente con Jet A-1 sin requerir divulgación completa de todos sus compuestos al público. Composición documentada de SAFs: Según ASTM D7566 y documentos de IATA: • SAF puede contener aditivos funcionales, modificadores de combustion, inhibidores de corrosión, etc. • No se requiere declaración pública completa si el combustible cumple con propiedades físicas estándar. Posibilidad legal: Bajo esta normativa, es legal incluir nanopartículas metálicas o agentes reflectantes si se consideran ”funcionales” y si el combustible pasa los test de densidad, viscosidad, punto de congelación, etc. Documento oficial: Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) de Neste MY SAF • La ficha pública más reciente (2024) de este combustible sostenible no declara aditivos químicos específicos. No se menciona ni qué tipo de dispersantes, metales traza ni sustancias estabilizadoras se añaden.” “¿Cómo puede decirse que todo está regulado y declarado, si los propios fabricantes tienen derecho a ocultarlo bajo secreto comercial? Regulación europea RefuelEU 2023/2405 • Permite “otros componentes funcionales” sin requerir listado detallado siempre que la mezcla cumpla propiedades físicas como densidad y punto de congelación. • Pero eso no obliga a declarar la composición molecular exacta ni prohíbe el uso de microcompuestos no detectables mediante ensayos estándar de densidad/viscosidad. En resumen: cumplir ASTM D1655 no significa que no haya aditivos atmosféricamente activos ocultos. 3. Datos ambientales que contradicen la explicación oficial Informe de metales en lluvia – España 2023 (publicación ciudadana con ICP-MS certificado) • Se detectaron concentraciones anómalas de aluminio soluble de hasta 890 g/L, en muestras tomadas tras vuelos aéreos densos. • El estudio comparativo con zonas rurales mostró una diferencia de hasta 20 veces en días de tráfico aéreo elevado. • Estos niveles no coinciden con suelos locales ni con fuentes industriales conocidas en las zonas donde se recogió la muestra. Otro estudio con SEM-EDX (espectrometría electrónica) • Detectó nanopartículas con composición compatible con óxidos de titanio-aluminiobario, en capas atmosféricas inferiores tras episodios de estelas persistentes. • Patrón idóneo para dispersión coloidal de control radiativo o de humedad. Diversos estudios independientes, observaciones meteorológicas y declaraciones oficiales han identificado componentes específicos en las estelas de condensación que podrían tener implicaciones toxicológicas. Esta sección reúne evidencias que refuerzan la necesidad de una auditoría completa de los aerosoles generados en vuelo, sin contar con los inumerables análisis independientes, de ciudadanos y organizaciones independientes, que lo demuestra claramente. Presencia de metales en estelas persistentes (UE, 2007). El eurodiputado Erik Meijer planteó en 2007 una pregunta oficial a la Comisión Europea documentando estelas persistentes con contenido en bario, aluminio y hierro, observadas en países como Canadá y Estados Unidos desde 1999. Los ciudadanos reportaban que las estelas duraban horas, formaban velos lechosos y se comportaban de forma anómala en comparación con las tradicionales. Fuente: Parlamento Europeo, documento E-6-2007-2455. En 2020, el estudio de Perring et al. (Nature Communications) evidenció la persistencia de partículas negras ultrafinas dispersadas en la troposfera media, algunas de origen no natural. Estas evidencias oficiales y semi-académicas demuestran que la composición de las estelas va mucho más allá del vapor de agua. Los elementos tóxicos detectados en estudios independientes coinciden con compuestos descritos en múltiples patentes y citados por ciudadanía vigilante desde hace más de dos décadas. Esto refuerza la necesidad de una auditoría ambiental urgente y transparente de las emisiones atmosféricas en zonas de tráfico aéreo denso. Esto contradice la tesis de que todos los niveles provienen del suelo, frenos, o “procesos naturales”.” “4. Validación legal y técnica adicional: patente española vigente Este trabajo sólo cita algunas de ellas (como US 5 003 186 A o WO 2010/018157 A1), pero existen al menos 200 patentes más que abordan: • Aerosoles de óxidos metálicos dispersables en alta atmósfera, • Inclusión de aditivos en combustibles aeronáuticos, • Sistemas de dispersión controlada vía presión diferencial o altitud, • Diseño de compuestos nanocristalinos con reflectividad selectiva y funciones de nucleación. Una de las más recientes, la patente europea EP 3994055 A1 (publicada en 2022), detalla el uso de partículas activas dispersadas en aeronaves con fines climáticos, confirmando que el principio técnico sigue vigente y en evolución. Existe una patente nacional actualmente activa que refuerza la viabilidad legal y científica del modelo propuesto: ES 2656422 T3 – Universidad de Sevilla (2017) • Título: “Composición que comprende óxidos metálicos con propiedades reflectantes y método para su introducción en combustibles aeronáuticos.” • Resumen: Esta patente propone explícitamente incorporar partículas de óxidos metálicos (como aluminio, titanio o silicio) en el combustible de aviación, con el objetivo de modificar su comportamiento térmico y reflectante en atmósfera. • Importancia: Es evidencia directa de que instituciones públicas de investigación, como la Universidad de Sevilla, han desarrollado métodos formales de geoingeniería utilizando combustible como vector de dispersión. • Estado: Activa. Consultable en OEPM y Espacenet. Referencia pública verificable. Nota aclaratoria sobre patentes citadas: La patente US 5 003 186 A y la patente española ES 2656422 T3 son documentos legales registrados oficialmente, describen explícitamente métodos técnicos viables para la dispersión de aerosoles reflectantes mediante combustible. Aunque su existencia y validez técnica están plenamente confirmadas, es importante destacar que no se dispone actualmente de pruebas directas verificadas que demuestren su uso efectivo en operaciones aéreas reales, lo que requiere auditorías técnicas independientes futuras para su confirmación definitiva. 5. Modelado Lógico del Sistema Logístico Integrado OTAN–CEPS–Exolum Hipótesis: La red CEPS, gestionada por NSPA (OTAN), puede redistribuir combustible desde terminales logísticas civiles (Exolum) hacia bases y aeropuertos sin declaración pública ni trazabilidad visible. Estructura del sistema: • 4.000+ km de oleoductos subterráneos en España (Exolum). • 39 instalaciones de almacenamiento (algunas de doble uso civil-militar). • Conectividad indirecta con la red CEPS-NSPA europea (Francia–Alemania). Modelo matemático: Red de grafos orientados (𝐺 = 𝑉 , 𝐸), donde los nodos 𝑉 son terminales y bases logíisticas, y las aristas 𝐸 son tramos de oleoducto activos. Flujos posibles: Simulaciones logísticas muestran que es posible: • Mezclar compuestos en puntos nodales sin detección civil. • Suministrar aviones comerciales desde nodos de doble uso con SAF no especificado. Documentos OTAN: MC 319/3 y la Single Fuel Policy • Permiten la modificación logística del combustible a nivel de lote y sin revisión pública externa, especialmente cuando se invoque “necesidad operativa”. • Esto abre una vía legal para modificar la mezcla sin que ninguna agencia civil (ni AENA, ni AESA, ni EASA) tenga acceso al contenido real.” “Encubrimiento institucional: verificación financiada • Organismos como Maldita.es o FullFact reciben fondos de Open Society, Google y Gates Foundation, mismos que tienen acciones cruzadas con BlackRock y Vanguard. • ¿Cómo puede llamarse eso verificación independiente? Este ecosistema narrativo no niega directamente, sólo desacredita sin refutar técnicamente. La respuesta institucional evita el fondo del debate Los informes de supuesta “verificación” evitan sistemáticamente: • Examinar el sistema logístico CEPS/NSPA, • Contrastar la cláusula de prioridad militar, • Analizar la intersección entre fondos de inversión (BlackRock/Vanguard) y el control narrativo. Se centran en negar la existencia de pruebas “oficiales”, cuando precisamente lo demostrado aquí es que el diseño del sistema impide que dichas pruebas sean obtenidas bajo el marco tradicional. 6. Fisiopatología de Nanopartículas Inhaladas Estudios clave: • Oberd”orster et al. (2005) muestran que nanopartículas de aluminio y bario cruzan la barrera hematoencefálica. • Maher et al. (2016) documentan partículas magnéticas en cerebros humanos correlacionadas con Alzheimer. Implicación: Las partículas observadas en sedimentos atmosféricos (documentadas por ciudadanos y laboratorios independientes) coinciden con las descritas en estos estudios. 7. Conclusión del Apéndice El dossier no afirma que tengamos todas las pruebas de laboratorio, sino que demuestra que existe una arquitectura logística, legal y narrativa que permite estas prácticas sin ser auditadas. El hecho de que los compuestos puedan no estar prohibidos, no estén declarados, y no se analicen sistemáticamente en laboratorios civiles, no es una defensa: es precisamente la prueba de que el programa está operativo bajo la cobertura del marco normativo actual. La ciencia expuesta refuerza que: • Las condiciones de vuelo observadas no producen estelas persistentes naturales. • La legislación permite la inclusión de compuestos no declarados en SAF. • La red logística CEPS-NSPA-Exolum puede distribuirlos sin trazabilidad directa. • La literatura científica describe daños plausibles sobre salud humana y ecosistemas por este tipo de partículas. • El sistema logístico, normativo y narrativo está diseñado para permitirla, • Las tecnologías existen, están registradas y son legales, • Existen múltiples puntos de correlación empírica que exigen ser investigados. Negar esta posibilidad no es ciencia: es política. Por tanto, el modelo expuesto en el dossier no es especulación conspirativa: es una hipótesis científica robusta basada en datos reales y coherencia sistémica. Se recomienda encarecidamente que estos resultados sean sometidos a revisión por pares científicos independientes para fortalecer aún más la base empírica del modelo propuesto.” “Anexo A – Legislación Estatal en EE.UU. sobre Geoingeniería Atmosférica (2024–2025) Durante los años 2024 y 2025, varios estados de Estados Unidos han promovido y aprobado leyes que prohíben expresamente la modificación climática mediante la liberación intencionada de sustancias químicas en la atmósfera. Estas leyes responden a peticiones ciudadanas, pruebas visuales y análisis ambientales presentados en audiencias legislativas. A continuación se documentan los casos más relevantes: 1. Tennessee – SB2691 / Public Chapter 709 (2024) Resumen: Aprobada en marzo de 2024, en vigor desde el 1 de julio del mismo año. Prohíbe “la inyección, liberación o dispersión de cualquier sustancia química, compuesto o aparato dentro de la atmósfera con el propósito de modificar la temperatura, el clima o la intensidad de la luz solar”. Sanciones: Delito grave de tercer grado. Motivación oficial: • Preocupación por el impacto desconocido de estas prácticas en la salud humana y el medioambiente. • Mención de programas federales sobre modificación de la radiación solar (SRM). Fuente: Public Chapter 709 (SB2691), Tennessee General Assembly. 2. Florida – SB56 (2025) Resumen: Aprobada en ambas cámaras en abril de 2025. Pendiente de firma por el gobernador. Define y prohíbe la dispersión intencionada de sustancias químicas en la atmósfera con objetivos climáticos o solares. Sanciones: Multa hasta $100,000 (ampliada hasta $200,000 por enmienda). Delito de tercer grado. Evidencias presentadas: • Fotografías de estelas anómalas enviadas por ciudadanos. • Declaraciones sobre bloqueo solar, cielos blanquecinos y síntomas fisiológicos. • La senadora Ileana García promovió la ley tras recibir múltiples denuncias ciudadanas. Fuente: CS/CS/SB56, Florida Senate, abril 2025. 3. Arizona – SB1432 (2025) Resumen: Aprobada en el Senado de Arizona en marzo de 2025. Pendiente de revisión en la Cámara Baja. Prohíbe cualquier acción relacionada con la “Gestión de Radiación Solar” (SRM), incluyendo la inyección de aerosoles. Testimonios públicos: • Fotografías de estelas transformándose en neblina solar. • Declaraciones sobre enfermedades respiratorias, reducción de cultivos y alteración lumínica. • Acusaciones de “experimentos con metales reflectantes” sin consentimiento ciudadano. Fuente: SB1432, Arizona Legislature. Audiencias públicas grabadas, marzo 2025. 4. Otros Estados con iniciativas similares Estado Proyecto Año Estado Actual Kentucky HB22 / SB62 2025 Presentado, en comités Minnesota HF4687 / SF4630 2024–25 Presentado, sin aprobación aún Rhode Island SB2540 2024 En revisión New Hampshire HB1700-FN 2024 En comisión Dakota del Sur SB215 2023 En discusión preliminar Table 2: Proyectos legislativos en otros estados de EE.UU. Estas leyes y propuestas estatales representan la primera acción legislativa contemporánea contra la geoingeniería atmosférica en el mundo occidental. Aunque aún no existe consenso académico, el hecho de que varios estados soberanos hayan aprobado leyes específicas sobre este fenómeno indica que la denuncia ciudadana ha escalado al nivel institucional y jurídico. Esta validación indirecta refuerza la urgencia de investigar, auditar y regular las operaciones atmosféricas que afectan el medio ambiente y la salud humana.” “Fuentes y Documentación La elaboración de este informe ha estado basada exclusivamente en: • Documentación oficial accesible públicamente. • Artículos científicos revisados por pares. • Tratados internacionales en vigor. • Observaciones directas documentadas por ciudadanos conscientes. • Análisis técnico y lógico estructurado sobre datos verificables. A continuación, se presenta una selección representativa de las fuentes clave utilizadas para fundamentar el dossier. Esta selección no es exhaustiva: existen cientos de documentos adicionales que corroboran la realidad descrita, y cuya recopilación y sistematización seguirán siendo tareas prioritarias para futuras ediciones. Listado general de categorías de fuentes: • Reglamentos y directivas de la Unión Europea. • Documentos oficiales de la Agencia de Apoyo y Adquisiciones de la OTAN (NSPA). • Contratos de privatización y transferencia logística energética en España y Europa. • Artículos científicos sobre geoingeniería, aerosoles atmosféricos y toxicología ambiental. • Informes de organizaciones independientes de monitoreo ambiental. • Registros de tráfico aéreo civil de acceso público. • Fotografías, vídeos y análisis de ciudadanos documentando fenómenos atmosféricos anómalos. Cada fuente mencionada puede ser auditada independientemente. La solidez del dossier no se basa en autoridad, sino en coherencia lógica, evidencia pública y observación empírica. Fuentes y Documentación — Detalle de Documentos Principales A continuación, se detallan algunas de las fuentes principales utilizadas en la construcción de este dossier: Documentos oficiales y reglamentarios: • Reglamento (UE) 2023/2405 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, relativo al uso de combustibles sostenibles de aviación (RefuelEU Aviation). • Convenio de Aarhus sobre el acceso a la información, la participación del público en la toma de decisiones y el acceso a la justicia en materia de medio ambiente. • Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea, artículo 37 (protección del medio ambiente). • Convenio ENMOD (Convenio sobre la prohibición del uso de técnicas de modificación ambiental con fines militares u hostiles). Fuentes de infraestructura logística: • Central Europe Pipeline System (CEPS) — Documentos de la Agencia NSPA de la OTAN. • Informes de gestión de Exolum (antigua CLH) sobre redes logísticas energéticas en España y Europa. • Datos de privatización y cambios de propiedad en redes de abastecimiento de combustibles de aviación. Literatura científica relevante: • Artículos de Environmental Research Letters sobre dispersión de aerosoles atmosféricos y geoingeniería climática. • Estudios de European Respiratory Journal sobre impactos de nanopartículas en salud respiratoria. • Publicaciones científicas recientes sobre gestión de radiación solar y sus riesgos ambientales. • Herndon J.M., 2015. “Evidence of coal-fly ash aerosols in troposphere…” Frontiers in Public Health (retractado). • KSLA-TV / Ana-Lab Corp. Reporte analítico de agua de lluvia en Shreveport, 2007. • Testimonios ciudadanos en audiencias del Senado de Arizona, Florida y Tennessee (2024-2025). • Declaraciones de EPA, NOAA, NASA en folletos técnicos (Contrails Fact Sheet, EPA 430-F-00-005, etc.) Observaciones empíricas y registros ciudadanos: • Análisis de patrones de tráfico aéreo mediante Flightradar24 y FlightAware. • Fotografías y vídeos documentando estelas persistentes, anomalías climáticas y fenómenos atmosféricos no explicados. Cada uno de estos documentos y registros está disponible públicamente o puede ser solicitado a través de los mecanismos de acceso a la información ambiental.” ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conductor del programa UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq Invitados Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP @ayec98_2 Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. ToniM @ToniMbuscadores …. Mairim montesino @MontesinoMairim Libre pensando y dura criticando. Creo en Dios pero no en religión. Anticomunista en las dos orillas. Loca por los perros. …. Geoingenieria Murcia @GeoingenieriaMu Sufriendo una sequía inducida por la Geoingenieria,mira al cielo ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: AYUDA A TRAVÉS DE LA COMPRA DE MIS LIBROS https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2024/11/16/ayuda-a-traves-de-la-compra-de-mis-libros/ PDF para descargar Control Aéreo, Logística Energética y Manipulación Atmosférica Global https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/k4jooyk1u1htca2ttxl8d/Control_A-reo__Log-stica_Energ-tica_y_Manipulaci-n_Atmosf-rica_Global.pdf?rlkey=68fkjw7nj7aym96ho27baf0g3&st=pq323k6e&dl=0 ………………………………………………………………………………………. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros ………………………………………………………………………………………. Epílogo atrevete, te, te ponte rebelde - conspirazion https://youtu.be/DuxYA58XhLw?feature=shared
Use code YDSAMPLE for a free snack pack from Skratch Labs!Support us on Patreon!Is organic food actually healthier—or just more expensive? This week on Your Diet Sucks, Zoë and Kylee break down the real science behind organic food, including what “organic” really means for produce, meat, and packaged snacks. We cover nutrition claims, pesticide exposure, antioxidant levels, and whether organic food impacts inflammation, gut health, or performance. We also dive into the environmental trade-offs of organic farming, the high cost of certification, and why that $19 strawberry feels morally superior. Plus: the truth behind the Dirty Dozen list, who really benefits from organic labels, and how to make food choices that work for your body and your budget.Big thanks to Microcosm Coaching for supporting the pod! We coach humans, not just athletes. Reach out for a free consultation and meet someone who's genuinely on your team.ReferencesBaranski, M., Średnicka-Tober, D., Volakakis, N., Seal, C., Sanderson, R., Stewart, G. B., ... & Leifert, C. (2014). Higher antioxidant and lower cadmium concentrations and lower incidence of pesticide residues in organically grown crops: A systematic literature review and meta-analyses. British Journal of Nutrition, 112(5), 794–811. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514001366Średnicka-Tober, D., Baranski, M., Seal, C., Sanderson, R., Benbrook, C., Steinshamn, H., ... & Leifert, C. (2016). Composition differences between organic and conventional meat: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 115(6), 994–1011. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515005073Seufert, V., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2012). Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture. Nature, 485(7397), 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11069Smith-Spangler, C., Brandeau, M. L., Hunter, G. E., Bavinger, J. C., Pearson, M., Eschbach, P. J., ... & Bravata, D. M. (2012). Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives? A systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 157(5), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007Tuomisto, H. L., Hodge, I. D., Riordan, P., & Macdonald, D. W. (2012). Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts? – A meta-analysis of European research. Journal of Environmental Management, 112, 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.018Clark, M., & Tilman, D. (2017). Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters, 12(6), 064016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5Kniss, A. R., Savage, S. D., & Jabbour, R. (2016). Commercial crop yields reveal strengths and weaknesses for organic agriculture in the United States. PLoS ONE, 11(8), e0161673. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161673
All the colours of the rainbow, plus oneResearchers have fired lasers directly into the eye to stimulate photoreceptors, and produce the perception of a colour that does not exist in nature. They describe it as a “supersaturated teal,” and hope the technique will allow them to better understand colour vision and perhaps lead to treatments for vision problems. Austin Roorda has been developing this technology using mirrors, lasers and optical devices. He is a professor of Optometry and Vision Science at University of California, Berkeley. The study was published in the journal Science Advances.Following in the footsteps of an ancient ankylosaurPaleontologists have found fossil footprints of an armoured dinosaur in the Canadian Rockies that fill in a critical gap in the fossil record. The footprints belonged to a club-tailed ankylosaur about five to six metres long, and are the first evidence of this type of dinosaur living in North America in a period known as the middle Cretaceous. The research was led by Victoria Arbour, curator of paleontology at the Royal B.C. Museum, and published in the journal Vertebrate Paleontology.Did the Neanderthals die from sunburn?Neanderthals disappeared 40,000 years ago, and new research suggests this corresponds to a period of weakness in the Earth's magnetic field that allowed an increase in the solar radiation reaching the surface. Researchers think they have evidence that modern humans were able to protect themselves from the sun better than Neanderthals could, and this might have contributed to the Neanderthal extinction. Raven Garvey is an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. Her team's research was published in the journal Science. Cloudy with a chance of ammonia mushballsNew observations and models of activity within Jupiter's stormy atmosphere is giving a weather report for the giant planet, and it's pretty extreme. Most interestingly, researchers predict conditions that could lead to violent lightning storms producing softball sized frozen ammonia “mushballs” that would rain through the upper atmosphere. The research was led by Chris Moeckel, a planetary scientist and aerospace engineer at the University of California-Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, and was published in the journal Science Advances.Shattering heat records: climate change is turning out to be worse than expectedIn the last few years, we've seen global temperatures rising faster, with more extreme localized heatwaves, than climate models predicted. Climate scientists are trying to understand this by investigating the underlying factors behind these heating trends. Richard Allan, from the University of Reading in the U.K., was expecting a larger than normal rise in global temperatures due to natural fluctuations, but global temperatures in 2023 and 2024 were much higher than expected. Their recent study in the journal Environmental Research Letters found a growing imbalance in the earth's heat system, with increasingly more heat coming in than leaving, in large part due to changes we've seen in global cloud cover.This global heating is not happening evenly around the world. Kai Kornhuber, from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Austria and Columbia Climate School in New York, found regional hotspots that are experiencing unexpected extreme heat, likely due to a combination of factors. That study is in the journal PNAS.
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ 2022 höchster Textilverbrauch ever in der EU +++ Klimawandel für 1.000 Jahre simuliert +++ Mikroplastik in synthetischen und in natürlichen Kaugummis +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Circularity of the EU textiles value chain in numbers, European Environment Agency, 25.03.2025Interplay between climate and carbon cycle feedbacks could substantially enhance future warming, Environmental Research Letters, 24.03.2025Chewing Gums: Unintended sources of ingested microplastics in humans, Frühjahrs-Konferenz der American Chemical Society, 25.03.2025Order–disorder transition in multidirectional crowds, PNAS, 24.03.2025Brain iron load and neuroaxonal vulnerability in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 27.02.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok und Instagram .
On l'oublie souvent, mais la Terre agit comme un immense miroir, renvoyant vers l'espace une partie du rayonnement solaire qu'elle reçoit. Cet équilibre naturel a permis de maintenir une température propice à la vie… jusqu'à aujourd'hui. On sait déjà que nos émissions de gaz à effet de serre fragilisent cet équilibre, en retenant la chaleur dans l'atmosphère. Mais selon une étude de l'université de Reading (Royaume-Uni), publiée dans Environmental Research Letters, un autre phénomène inquiète les scientifiques : la Terre devient moins réfléchissante, notamment au-dessus des océans.En cause : l'évolution des nuages. Richard Allan, auteur principal de l'étude, explique :« Avec le temps, le miroir Terre se salit. Les nuages renvoient moins bien la lumière solaire, ce qui signifie que davantage d'énergie est absorbée et que le réchauffement s'accélère. »Mais pourquoi les nuages perdent-ils leur brillance ? Les chercheurs avancent plusieurs hypothèses. La hausse des températures pourrait embuer ce miroir naturel, le rendant moins efficace. Autre possibilité : la pollution atmosphérique, qui jusque-là jouait un rôle de "spray nettoyant".Un exemple frappant vient de l'est de la Chine. Dans cette région, la lumière solaire est moins réfléchie que prévu. Et ce, paradoxalement, à cause d'une réduction efficace de la pollution de l'air. Un constat préoccupant : diminuer la pollution atmosphérique améliore la santé publique, mais favorise aussi l'absorption du rayonnement solaire… et donc le réchauffement. Cette découverte illustre la complexité du climat et des interactions entre l'air, les nuages et l'énergie solaire. Si lutter contre la pollution reste essentiel, les scientifiques insistent sur l'urgence de réduire massivement les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, seule solution durable pour limiter le dérèglement climatique. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
In 2024, the University of New South Wales (UNSW) held a panel discussion on Degrowth as part of their Centre for Ideas series. The panellists were Tommy Wiedmann (Professor of Sustainability Research), Bronwen Morgan (Professor of Law and member of NENA), and Sabrina Chakori (CSIRO researcher). The discussion was hosted by former Deputy Lord Mayor and author of Glimpses of Utopia, Jess Scully. The panel explored sustainability and the urgent challenge of ensuring human needs are met without compromising a sustainable and inclusive future. With the kind permission of UNSW Centre for Ideas, the recording of this panel discussion is now available to listen to on the Post-Growth Australia Podcast (PGAP). Tommy Wiedmann has been a supporter of PGAP since our early days in 2021, so it was great to hear him in his element, sharing his research, knowledge, and ideas on Degrowth. We really appreciate Tommy and panel host Jess Scully giving PGAP a shout-out towards the end of the talk. We hope to return the favour by sharing this insightful discussion, which serves as an excellent introduction to Degrowth for those new to the topic. It is encouraging to see Degrowth becoming an openly discussed subject in Australian universities. Tommy also wrote a very encouraging review for PGAP on Apple Podcast (https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/post-growth-australia-podcast/id1522194099). We warmly invite you to add your review. This will help to broaden our outreach and encourage new listeners. Please also feel welcome to contact us (https://pgap.fireside.fm/contact) with your feedback or suggestions for future episode topics. Co-hosts Mark Allen (https://holisticactivism.net/) and Michael Bayliss (https://michaelbayliss.org/)share their thoughts on the panel discussion in the introduction and conclusion. For the most part, we align with the perspectives of the four panellists, but we also provide additional thoughts on how the Degrowth movement can incorporate concerns around population, which we briefly touch on in our commentary. For a more in-depth analysis, we encourage you to read the PGAP blog: “To populate or not to populate? How we can come together around the eternal debate of everyone's favourite vexed issue. (https://pgap.fireside.fm/articles/population)” We also encourage listening to two recent PGAP episodes on population, including Anne Poelina (https://pgap.fireside.fm/annepoelinapatron), who brings a First Nations' perspective to the debate, and Isaac Kabongo (https://pgap.fireside.fm/isaaceco), who brings a Ugandan/Global South perspective. Regarding the discussion on population, Tommy cited two particularly relevant scientific articles, which are well worth reading: Lamb, W. F., Wiedmann, T., Pongratz, J., Andrew, R., Crippa, M., Olivier, J. G. J., Wiedenhofer, D., Mattioli, G., Khourdajie, A. A., House, J., Pachauri, S., Figueroa, M., Saheb, Y., Slade, R., Hubacek, K., Sun, L., Ribeiro, S. K., Khennas, S., de la Rue du Can, S., Chapungu, L., Davis, S. J., Bashmakov, I., Dai, H., Dhakal, S., Tan, X., Geng, Y., Gu, B. and Minx, J. (2021) A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018. Environmental Research Letters, 16, 073005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4e (. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abee4e) Kikstra, J. S., Mastrucci, A., Min, J., Riahi, K. and Rao, N. D. (2021) Decent living gaps and energy needs around the world. Environmental Research Letters, 16, 095006. https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c27 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c27) We would like to thank UNSW, the Centre for Ideas, and all four speakers for allowing PGAP to re-release this outstanding panel discussion. The original podcast of this discussion is available to listen to on the Centre for Ideas website HERE. (https://unswcentreforideas.com/article/degrowth) All views, opinions, and legacies—past and present—of the panellists and UNSW Centre for Ideas are their own and may not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of PGAP (and vice versa). Special Guests: Bronwen Morgan, Jess Scully, Sabrina Chakori, and Tommy Wiedmann.
Last year was the first calendar year with a global mean temperature of more than 1.5°C above the 1850-1900 average. Since 90% of global warming is occurring in the ocean, due to the earth's rising energy imbalance resulting from continuing and increasing GHG emissions, not surprisingly research published in “Environmental Research Letters” in late January concluded ocean temperatures for the 450 day period between April '23 and July '24 were the warmest ever. Ocean surface temperatures are now warming 40 times faster than 40 years ago. As I've noted in previous discussions with Prof. Abraham, because warming oceans/ocean heat content plays a fundamental role in our planet's energy, water and carbon cycles, warming ocean temperatures disrupt marine life that substantially threaten the availability of food we eat and the oxygen we breathe.The “Environmental Research Letters” article, “Quantifying the Acceleration of Muti-decadal Global Sea Surface Warming Driven by Earth's Energy Imbalance,” is at: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adaa8a/pdf. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thehealthcarepolicypodcast.com
The Great Lakes are losing about 14 winter days every decade, according to a recent study published in the Environmental Research Letters.
Le réchauffement climatique s'accélère, et les chiffres sont alarmants. Entre 2011 et 2020, les températures mondiales ont grimpé de 1,1 °C par rapport à l'ère préindustrielle. En cause : l'émission de 2 400 milliards de tonnes de CO2 depuis 1850, dont près de la moitié au cours des trois dernières décennies. Selon le Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), les politiques actuelles nous mènent tout droit vers un réchauffement de +3 °C d'ici 2100.Mais des chercheurs des universités du Colorado, de Stanford et de l'ETH Zurich ont utilisé l'intelligence artificielle (IA) pour affiner ces prévisions. Grâce à l'apprentissage par transfert, une méthode qui réutilise des données issues de tâches similaires, ils ont analysé dix modèles climatiques et obtenu des prédictions plus précises à l'échelle régionale. Leurs conclusions, publiées dans la revue Environmental Research Letters, font froid dans le dos. Sur 46 régions étudiées, 34 dépasseront les 1,5 °C de réchauffement dès 2040. Et pour 26 d'entre elles, la barre des 3 °C sera franchie d'ici 2060. Des seuils critiques, atteints plus tôt que ne le prévoyaient les études précédentes.Les chercheurs insistent sur le rôle crucial de l'IA dans la modélisation climatique. Elle permet non seulement d'affiner les prévisions globales, mais aussi de mieux comprendre les impacts régionaux, souvent plus incertains. Ces avancées technologiques offrent ainsi un outil précieux pour éclairer les décisions politiques face à l'urgence climatique. Un message clair : si nous ne redoublons pas d'efforts pour limiter nos émissions, les impacts du réchauffement se feront sentir plus tôt et de manière plus intense que ce que l'on redoutait. Les scientifiques appellent donc à agir vite, pour freiner cette course contre la montre. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.
In this episode of 'The Wisdom Of' Show, host Simon Bowen engages in an enlightening conversation with Dr. Kimberly Nicholas, a sustainability scientist and author. They discuss the urgent need for climate action, the role of individuals and businesses in addressing the climate crisis, and how to maintain hope while facing global challenges.
This podcast episode features Kendra McSweeney and Fritz Pinnow, part of a team investigating a new trend: the emergence of coca cultivation in Central America. McSweeney, a professor of geography at Ohio State University, has research human-environment interactions, cultural and political ecology, conservation and development, resilience, demography, and land use/cover change. Pinnow is a Honduras-based journalist and documentary photographer specializing in illicit economies, violence and development in Central America. Photo credit: Fritz Pinnow McSweeney and colleagues have published an article in the journal Environmental Research Letters examining the recent and growing appearance of coca leaf cultivation in Central America, a crop historically associated with the Andean region. McSweeney and Pinnow discuss the environmental and market conditions driving coca cultivation in Honduras and Guatemala. They note that those attempting coca cultivation in the region have competitive advantages over Colombian growers, such as more favorable growing conditions. They stress that it would be a serious error to respond to this phenomenon with another forced eradication program. Past crop-eradication strategies, which have almost always been uncoordinated with governance, rule of law, basic services, land formalization, or anti-poverty efforts, have failed and in fact ended up encouraging the planting of coca in new areas. The drug trade, McSweeney and Pinnow state, gains much of its power and wealth from the price premium made possible by the coca plant's illegality. The inflated prices make it very difficult to offer viable economic alternatives in poor rural areas. “Current drug policy,” McSweeney says, “systematically undermines any other efforts at rural or urban development in these countries.” “If we've learned anything from supply side drug control in South America, it's that eradicating coca crops and trying to shut down trafficking organizations, and trying to shut down the cartels, and trying to go after the Pablo Escobar's and their successors– it generates a lot of Netflix content, but it doesn't do anything to reduce the amount of drugs that make it into the United States and other countries… What we've seen from these approaches and after 40 years of the drug war and billions of dollars spent to eradicate the cocaine trade is more coca being produced in Colombia than ever before, more places with coca being produced, the price of cocaine is lower than it's been in decades, the quality of the cocaine is the highest it's ever been, and it's easier to get than it ever was before.” To stay engaged with drug war reform, McSweeney and Pinnow recommend connecting with Students for Sensible Drug Policy (SSDP) and The Centre for the Study of Illicit Economies, Violence and Development (CIVAD).
Estudo norueguês publicado na Environmental Research Letters conclui que emissões de gases efeito estufa provocados pela aviação são quase o dobro do calculado
The ocean is vast and complex, but I'm sure we can fix climate change by dumping a bunch of algae food into it.Listen to the full episode on our Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/deniersplaybook) SOCIALS & MORE (https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook)CREDITS Created by: Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan & Ben BoultHosts: Rollie Williams & Nicole ConlanExecutive Producer: Ben Boult Producer: Gregory Haddock Editor: Brittany TerrellResearchers: Carly Rizzuto, Canute Haroldson & James CrugnaleArt: Jordan Doll Music: Tony Domenick Special thanks: The Civil Liberties Defense Center“The Wilds - 40 Million Salmon Can't Be Wrong - Live at Blue Frog Studios”"Exploding Whale 50th Anniversary, Remastered!" SOURCESAli, S. (2021, November 22). Controversial practice of seeding clouds to create rainfall becoming popular in the American West. The Hill. American University. (2020, June 24). Fact Sheet: Ocean Alkalinization. American University. Berardelli, J. (2018, November 23). Controversial spraying method aims to curb global warming. Cbsnews.com. Biello, D. (2012, July 12). Controversial Spewed Iron Experiment Succeeds as Carbon Sink. Scientific American. Boyd, P., & Vivian, C. (2019). Should we fertilize oceans or seed clouds? No one knows. Nature, 570(7760), 155–157. Brogan, J. (2016a, January 6). Can We Stop Climate Change by Tinkering With the Atmosphere? Slate Magazine; Slate. Brogan, J. (2016b, January 6). Your Geoengineering Cheat Sheet. Slate. Buckley, C. (2024, February 2). Could a Giant Parasol in Outer Space Help Solve the Climate Crisis? The New York Times. Chu, J. (2020, February 17). Seeding oceans with iron may not impact climate change. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Clegg, B. (2016, July 23). The Planet Remade - Oliver Morton ****. Popsciencebooks.blogspot.com. Cohen, A. (2021, January 11). A Bill Gates Venture Aims To Spray Dust Into The Atmosphere To Block The Sun. What Could Go Wrong? Forbes. Collins, G. (2016, January 15). Geoengineering's Moral Hazard Problem. Slate. Geoengineering Monitor. (2021, April 9). Ocean Fertilization (technology briefing). Geoengineering Monitor. Hickel, J., & Slamersak, A. (2022). Existing climate mitigation scenarios perpetuate colonial inequalities. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(7), e628–e631. IPCC95. (1995). INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Second Assessment Climate Change 1995 A REPORT OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE. Jiang, X., Zhao, X., Sun, X., Roberts, A. P., Appy Sluijs, Chou, Y.-M., Yao, W., Xing, J., Zhang, W., & Liu, Q. (2024). Iron fertilization–induced deoxygenation of eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean intermediate waters during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum. Geology. Kaufman, R. (2019, March 11). The Risks, Rewards and Possible Ramifications of Geoengineering Earth's Climate. Smithsonian; Smithsonian.com. Keith, D. W. (2000). Geoengineering the Climate: History and Prospect. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25(1), 245–284. Mandel, K. (2015, September 29). Everyone Warned the Breakthrough Ecomodernists To Avoid Toxic Owen Paterson – But They Said “F@*%You.” DeSmog. McKenzie, J. (2022, August 11). Dodging silver bullets: how cloud seeding could go wrong. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Monbiot, G. (2015, September 24). Meet the ecomodernists: ignorant of history and paradoxically old-fashioned. The Guardian. Morton, O. (2012, August 9). On Geoengineering. The Breakthrough Institute. Morton, O. (2016). The planet remade : how geoengineering could change the world. Princeton University Press.National Academy of Sciences. (1992). Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base. In National Academies Press. National Academies Press. Robock, A. (2008). 20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 64(2), 14–18. Rubin, A. J., & Denton, B. (2022, August 28). Cloud Wars: Mideast Rivalries Rise Along a New Front. The New York Times. Schneider, S. H. (2008). Geoengineering: could we or should we make it work? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 366(1882), 3843–3862. Seabrook, V. (2016, October 10). Professor Brian Cox and Co Take Down Climate Science Deniers' Arguments, Discuss Brexit. DeSmog. Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. (n.d.). Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. Stephens, J. C., & Surprise, K. (2020). The hidden injustices of advancing solar geoengineering research. Global Sustainability, 3. Temple, J. (2019, August 9). What is geoengineering—and why should you care? MIT Technology Review. Temple, J. (2022, July 1). The US government is developing a solar geoengineering research plan. MIT Technology Review. The Breakthrough Institute. (2015, April 1). An Ecomodernist Manifesto - English. The Breakthrough Institute. Tollefson, J. (2018). First sun-dimming experiment will test a way to cool Earth. Nature, 563(7733), 613–615. Unit, B. (2017, March 23). Climate-related Geoengineering and Biodiversity. Www.cbd.int. UNODA. (1978, October 5). Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) – UNODA. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Vetter, D. (2022, January 20). Solar Geoengineering: Why Bill Gates Wants It, But These Experts Want To Stop It. Forbes. Vidal, J. (2012, February 6). Bill Gates backs climate scientists lobbying for large-scale geoengineering. The Guardian. Visioni, D., Slessarev, E., MacMartin, D. G., Mahowald, N. M., Goodale, C. L., & Xia, L. (2020). What goes up must come down: impacts of deposition in a sulfate geoengineering scenario. Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 094063. Wagner, G. (2016, December 8). The Planet Remade: How Geoengineering Could Change the World by Oliver Morton. Www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org. Yonekura, E. (2022, October 19). Why Not Space Mirrors? The Rand Blog. CORRECTION: Nicole states that harassing a manatee is a felony. It is, in fact, a very expensive misdemeanor, punishable by fines up to $100,000 and/or one year in prison. (Source)See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Why reduce our CO2 emissions when we have a perfectly good Bond-villain plan to stop the sun from heating Earth up in the first place?BONUS EPISODES available on Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/deniersplaybook) SOCIALS & MORE (https://linktr.ee/deniersplaybook) CREDITS Created by: Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan & Ben BoultHosts: Rollie Williams & Nicole ConlanExecutive Producer: Ben Boult Producer: Gregory Haddock Editor: Brittany TerrellResearchers: Carly Rizzuto, Canute Haroldson & James CrugnaleArt: Jordan Doll Music: Tony Domenick Special thanks: The Civil Liberties Defense CenterSOURCESAli, S. (2021, November 22). Controversial practice of seeding clouds to create rainfall becoming popular in the American West. The Hill. American University. (2020, June 24). Fact Sheet: Ocean Alkalinization. American University. Berardelli, J. (2018, November 23). Controversial spraying method aims to curb global warming. Cbsnews.com. Biello, D. (2012, July 12). Controversial Spewed Iron Experiment Succeeds as Carbon Sink. Scientific American. Boyd, P., & Vivian, C. (2019). Should we fertilize oceans or seed clouds? No one knows. Nature, 570(7760), 155–157. Brogan, J. (2016a, January 6). Can We Stop Climate Change by Tinkering With the Atmosphere? Slate Magazine; Slate. Brogan, J. (2016b, January 6). Your Geoengineering Cheat Sheet. Slate. Buckley, C. (2024, February 2). Could a Giant Parasol in Outer Space Help Solve the Climate Crisis? The New York Times. Chu, J. (2020, February 17). Seeding oceans with iron may not impact climate change. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Clegg, B. (2016, July 23). The Planet Remade - Oliver Morton ****. Popsciencebooks.blogspot.com. Cohen, A. (2021, January 11). A Bill Gates Venture Aims To Spray Dust Into The Atmosphere To Block The Sun. What Could Go Wrong? Forbes. Collins, G. (2016, January 15). Geoengineering's Moral Hazard Problem. Slate. Geoengineering Monitor. (2021, April 9). Ocean Fertilization (technology briefing). Geoengineering Monitor. Hickel, J., & Slamersak, A. (2022). Existing climate mitigation scenarios perpetuate colonial inequalities. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(7), e628–e631. IPCC95. (1995). INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Second Assessment Climate Change 1995 A REPORT OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE. Jiang, X., Zhao, X., Sun, X., Roberts, A. P., Appy Sluijs, Chou, Y.-M., Yao, W., Xing, J., Zhang, W., & Liu, Q. (2024). Iron fertilization–induced deoxygenation of eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean intermediate waters during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum. Geology. Kaufman, R. (2019, March 11). The Risks, Rewards and Possible Ramifications of Geoengineering Earth's Climate. Smithsonian; Smithsonian.com. Keith, D. W. (2000). Geoengineering the Climate: History and Prospect. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25(1), 245–284. Mandel, K. (2015, September 29). Everyone Warned the Breakthrough Ecomodernists To Avoid Toxic Owen Paterson – But They Said “F@*%You.” DeSmog. McKenzie, J. (2022, August 11). Dodging silver bullets: how cloud seeding could go wrong. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Monbiot, G. (2015, September 24). Meet the ecomodernists: ignorant of history and paradoxically old-fashioned. The Guardian. Morton, O. (2012, August 9). On Geoengineering. The Breakthrough Institute. Morton, O. (2016). The planet remade : how geoengineering could change the world. Princeton University Press.National Academy of Sciences. (1992). Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base. In National Academies Press. National Academies Press. Robock, A. (2008). 20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 64(2), 14–18. Rubin, A. J., & Denton, B. (2022, August 28). Cloud Wars: Mideast Rivalries Rise Along a New Front. The New York Times. Schneider, S. H. (2008). Geoengineering: could we or should we make it work? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 366(1882), 3843–3862. Seabrook, V. (2016, October 10). Professor Brian Cox and Co Take Down Climate Science Deniers' Arguments, Discuss Brexit. DeSmog. Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. (n.d.). Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. Stephens, J. C., & Surprise, K. (2020). The hidden injustices of advancing solar geoengineering research. Global Sustainability, 3. Temple, J. (2019, August 9). What is geoengineering—and why should you care? MIT Technology Review. Temple, J. (2022, July 1). The US government is developing a solar geoengineering research plan. MIT Technology Review. The Breakthrough Institute. (2015, April 1). An Ecomodernist Manifesto - English. The Breakthrough Institute. Tollefson, J. (2018). First sun-dimming experiment will test a way to cool Earth. Nature, 563(7733), 613–615. Unit, B. (2017, March 23). Climate-related Geoengineering and Biodiversity. Www.cbd.int. UNODA. (1978, October 5). Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) – UNODA. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Vetter, D. (2022, January 20). Solar Geoengineering: Why Bill Gates Wants It, But These Experts Want To Stop It. Forbes. Vidal, J. (2012, February 6). Bill Gates backs climate scientists lobbying for large-scale geoengineering. The Guardian. Visioni, D., Slessarev, E., MacMartin, D. G., Mahowald, N. M., Goodale, C. L., & Xia, L. (2020). What goes up must come down: impacts of deposition in a sulfate geoengineering scenario. Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 094063. Wagner, G. (2016, December 8). The Planet Remade: How Geoengineering Could Change the World by Oliver Morton. Www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org. Yonekura, E. (2022, October 19). Why Not Space Mirrors? The Rand Blog.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Show Notes 1 March 2024Story 1: New invention could get rid of millions of batteries, scientists say.Source: The Independent Story by Andrew GriffinLink: https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/batteries-invention-power-sound-energy-b2488170.html Story 2: MIT team creates open-source hydrogen fuel cell motorcycle - The Electric Vehicle Team has designed a motorcycle powered by H2 that can be built by riders.Source: Hydrogen Fuel News Story by Bret WilliamsLink: https://www.hydrogenfuelnews.com/hydrogen-fuel-cell-mit-motorcycle/8562427/See also: https://evt.mit.edu/blog/2022-12-10-hydrogen-powered-bike-intro/See video here: https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideoStory 3: A climate-friendly way to capture carbon dioxide in the air [using geothermal energy]Source: Technology.org Link: https://www.technology.org/2024/02/21/a-climate-friendly-way-to-capture-carbon-dioxide-in-the-air/Source: TechXplore Story by Tatyana WoodallLink: https://www.msn.com/en-us/weather/topstories/a-geothermal-powered-climate-friendly-way-to-capture-carbon-dioxide-in-the-air/ar-BB1ioYYaMore information: Martina Leveni et al, A potential for climate benign direct air CO2 capture with CO2-driven geothermal utilization and storage (DACCUS), Environmental Research Letters (2023). DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad0924Story 4: Plant-Based Soft Medical RobotsSource: Medgadet.com Story by Conn HastingsLink: WARNING – the story below comes from Medgadget.com, but when I try the link I now get a warning, very weird, may be temporary. https://www.medgadget.com/2023/12/plant-based-soft-medical-robots.htmlSo here is an alternative source: ScienceDaily.com https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/10/231023124412.htmSee video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9G3K5SaTGDEFor more info, interviews, reviews, news, radio, podcasts, video, and more, check out ComputerAmerica.com!
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Alte Baumkronen bilden Riffe in der Nordsee +++ Quantencomputer werden günstiger +++ Dunkler Pinguin mit Gendefekt entdeckt +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Who lives in a pear tree under the sea? A first look at tree reefs as a complex natural biodegradable structure to enhance biodiversity in marine systems, Frontiers in Marine Science, 25.08.2023Start-up IQMBeer Goggles or Liquid Courage? Alcohol, Attractiveness Perceptions, and Partner Selection Among Men, Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 29.08.2023Stressed economies respond more strongly to climate extremes, Environmental Research Letters, 30.08.2023Klimaextreme treffen angeschlagene Volkswirtschaften noch härter, Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung, 30.08.2023A case of melanism in a Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) at Esperanza/Hope Bay, Antarctica, Polar Biology, 14.08.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Satelliten haben Sicherheitslücken +++ Auch Kühe leiden verstärkt unter Hitze +++ Analoge Mikrochips sollen Energie sparen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Space Odyssey: An Experimental Software Security Analysis of Satellites, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Informationssicherheit, 28.08.2023Global risk of heat stress to cattle from climate change, Environmental Research Letters, 24.08.2023An analog-AI chip for energy-efficient speech recognition and transcription, Nature, 23.08.2023Multiscale dynamics of charging and plating in graphite electrodes coupling operando microscopy and phase-field modelling, Nature Communications, 24.08.2023Biomimetic surface engineering for sustainable water harvesting systems, Nature, 20.07.2023Scaling relationships of maximal gape and prey size of snakes for an egg-eating specialist (Dasypeltis gansi) and a dietary generalist (Pantherophis obsoletus), Journal of Zoology, 08.08.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.
Mit jedem neuen Weltklimabericht wird klar: Die Klimaziele sind allein durch CO2-Einsparungen nicht zu erreichen. Die Netto-Null-Emmission braucht Kohlenstoffsenken - auch künstlich erzeugte. Dabei sind Politikerinnen und Forscher nicht unbedingt immer davon überzeugt, dass Methoden wie CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) tatsächlich die Lösung sind. Auch für unsere Autorin Yasmin Appelhans war das ein Lernprozess. Heute sagt sie: Verfahren, um Kohlenstoff aus der Atmosphäre zu entnehmen, sind nicht die Lösung - aber ein Teil davon. Und dabei spielt das Meer eine größere Rolle als lange Zeit angenommen. Yasmin Appelhans hat ein Forschungsprojekt auf Helgoland besucht, das die Folgen der Alkalisierung von Meerwasser untersucht: Mit Hilfe von Gesteinsmehl wird der pH-Wert des Wassers erhöht - das Meer kann mehr CO2 binden. Im Gespräch mit Host Lucie Kluth erklärt sie, was es mit Schläuchen und Schirmchen vor der Hochseeinsel auf sich hat, warum naturnahe Lösungen nicht immer die überlegenen sein müssen und wie groß der Anteil von Climate Engineering an der Klimawende sein könnte. DIE HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN: Wirtschaftliche Aspekte des Climate Engineerings: Klepper G, Rickels W. The Real Economics of Climate Engineering. Economics Research International. 2012;2012: e316564. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/316564. Bericht zum Stand der Kohlenstoffentnahme: The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal. https://www.stateofcdr.org [Abgerufen am 11. Mai 2023]. Studie zur Notwendigkeit der Kohlenstoffentnahme: Rickels W, Merk C, Reith F, Keller DP, Oschlies A. (Mis)conceptions about modeling of negative emissions technologies. Environmental Research Letters. 2019;14(10). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab3ab4 Bericht zum globalen Kohlenstoffbudget 2022: Friedlingstein P, O'Sullivan M, Jones MW, Andrew RM, Gregor L, Hauck J, et al. Global Carbon Budget 2022. Earth System Science Data. 2022;14(11): 4811–4900. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 Informationen des Bundesumweltministeriums zur Auswirkung von Heizen mit Holz auf das Klima: Klimaauswirkungen von Heizen mit Holz. https://www.bmuv.de/WS6881 [Abgerufen am 21. Mai 2023]. Bericht des Weltklimarates IPCC zur Mitigation des Klimawandels: AR6 Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change — IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-3/ [Abgerufen am 11. Mai 2023]. Informationen zu wiedervernässten Mooren des Umweltbundesamtes: Stallmann M. Paludikultur: Wiedervernässte Moore für mehr Klimaschutz. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/paludikultur-wiedervernaesste-moore-fuer-mehr [Abgerufen am 12. Mai 2023]. FAQ der Bundesantalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) zur unterirdischen CO2-Speicherung mit Einschätzung der Risiken: BGR - Häufig gestellte Fragen. https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Nutzung_tieferer_Untergrund_CO2Speicherung/CO2Speicherung/FAQ/faq_node.html [Abgerufen am 8. Juni 2023]. Studie zu Algenschleim, der Kohlenstoff binden kann: Buck-Wiese H, Andskog MA, Nguyen NP, Bligh M, Asmala E, Vidal-Melgosa S, et al. Fucoid brown algae inject fucoidan carbon into the ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2023;120(1): e2210561119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210561119 Website des Projekts RETAKE, das auch Versuche auf Helgoland durchführt: Was wir machen : RETAKE. https://retake.cdrmare.de/was-wir-machen/ [Abgerufen am 12. Mai 2023]. Studie zur Einstellung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu Verschiedenen Methoden der Kohlenstoffentnahme und Einschätzung, dass Wünsche nach mehr Aufforstung nicht mit Klimazielen vereinbar sind: Merk C, Liebe U, Meyerhoff J, Rehdanz K. German citizens' preference for domestic carbon dioxide removal by afforestation is incompatible with national removal potential. Communications Earth & Environment. 2023;4(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00713-9 Studie von June Sekera und Kolleg*innen zur Wichtung verschiedener Maßnahmen zur Kohlenstoffentnahme: Sekera J, Cagalanan D, Swan A, Birdsey R, Goodwin N, Lichtenberger A. Carbon dioxide removal–What's worth doing? A biophysical and public need perspective. PLOS Climate. 2023;2(2): e0000124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000124
Mit jedem neuen Weltklimabericht wird klar: Die Klimaziele sind allein durch CO2-Einsparungen nicht zu erreichen. Die Netto-Null-Emmission braucht Kohlenstoffsenken - auch künstlich erzeugte. Dabei sind Politikerinnen und Forscher nicht unbedingt immer davon überzeugt, dass Methoden wie CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) tatsächlich die Lösung sind. Auch für unsere Autorin Yasmin Appelhans war das ein Lernprozess. Heute sagt sie: Verfahren, um Kohlenstoff aus der Atmosphäre zu entnehmen, sind nicht die Lösung - aber ein Teil davon. Und dabei spielt das Meer eine größere Rolle als lange Zeit angenommen. Yasmin Appelhans hat ein Forschungsprojekt auf Helgoland besucht, das die Folgen der Alkalisierung von Meerwasser untersucht: Mit Hilfe von Gesteinsmehl wird der pH-Wert des Wassers erhöht - das Meer kann mehr CO2 binden. Im Gespräch mit Host Lucie Kluth erklärt sie, was es mit Schläuchen und Schirmchen vor der Hochseeinsel auf sich hat, warum naturnahe Lösungen nicht immer die überlegenen sein müssen und wie groß der Anteil von Climate Engineering an der Klimawende sein könnte. DIE HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN: Wirtschaftliche Aspekte des Climate Engineerings: Klepper G, Rickels W. The Real Economics of Climate Engineering. Economics Research International. 2012;2012: e316564. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/316564. Bericht zum Stand der Kohlenstoffentnahme: The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal. https://www.stateofcdr.org [Abgerufen am 11. Mai 2023]. Studie zur Notwendigkeit der Kohlenstoffentnahme: Rickels W, Merk C, Reith F, Keller DP, Oschlies A. (Mis)conceptions about modeling of negative emissions technologies. Environmental Research Letters. 2019;14(10). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab3ab4 Bericht zum globalen Kohlenstoffbudget 2022: Friedlingstein P, O'Sullivan M, Jones MW, Andrew RM, Gregor L, Hauck J, et al. Global Carbon Budget 2022. Earth System Science Data. 2022;14(11): 4811–4900. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022 Informationen des Bundesumweltministeriums zur Auswirkung von Heizen mit Holz auf das Klima: Klimaauswirkungen von Heizen mit Holz. https://www.bmuv.de/WS6881 [Abgerufen am 21. Mai 2023]. Bericht des Weltklimarates IPCC zur Mitigation des Klimawandels: AR6 Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change — IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-3/ [Abgerufen am 11. Mai 2023]. Informationen zu wiedervernässten Mooren des Umweltbundesamtes: Stallmann M. Paludikultur: Wiedervernässte Moore für mehr Klimaschutz. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/paludikultur-wiedervernaesste-moore-fuer-mehr [Abgerufen am 12. Mai 2023]. FAQ der Bundesantalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) zur unterirdischen CO2-Speicherung mit Einschätzung der Risiken: BGR - Häufig gestellte Fragen. https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Nutzung_tieferer_Untergrund_CO2Speicherung/CO2Speicherung/FAQ/faq_node.html [Abgerufen am 8. Juni 2023]. Studie zu Algenschleim, der Kohlenstoff binden kann: Buck-Wiese H, Andskog MA, Nguyen NP, Bligh M, Asmala E, Vidal-Melgosa S, et al. Fucoid brown algae inject fucoidan carbon into the ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2023;120(1): e2210561119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210561119 Website des Projekts RETAKE, das auch Versuche auf Helgoland durchführt: Was wir machen : RETAKE. https://retake.cdrmare.de/was-wir-machen/ [Abgerufen am 12. Mai 2023]. Studie zur Einstellung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu Verschiedenen Methoden der Kohlenstoffentnahme und Einschätzung, dass Wünsche nach mehr Aufforstung nicht mit Klimazielen vereinbar sind: Merk C, Liebe U, Meyerhoff J, Rehdanz K. German citizens' preference for domestic carbon dioxide removal by afforestation is incompatible with national removal potential. Communications Earth & Environment. 2023;4(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00713-9 Studie von June Sekera und Kolleg*innen zur Wichtung verschiedener Maßnahmen zur Kohlenstoffentnahme: Sekera J, Cagalanan D, Swan A, Birdsey R, Goodwin N, Lichtenberger A. Carbon dioxide removal–What's worth doing? A biophysical and public need perspective. PLOS Climate. 2023;2(2): e0000124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000124
Which papers are telling the truth? And which are giving inches to climate skeptics?In this episode, Lucy McAllister, Assistant Professor in Environmental Studies at Denison University, explains how journalism's obsession with "balance" causes bias in climate reporting. She walks us through new research which shows how climate coverage accuracy has improved since the initial findings in 2004, but that there is still a significant divide between left-leaning and right-wing papers, specifically those owned by Rupert Murdoch.She also reveals how the tactics of muddling the discourse has become more sophisticated, with column inches now being given to climate skeptics or discourses of delays. Combatting this is critical, Lucy says, pointing to solutions journalism as critical in the fight to "reframe" narratives to empower communities around the world.“We're seeing media more accurately representing the science on climate change—climate change is happening, it's caused by humans. Now we're seeing in terms of climate action that climate skeptics, deniers, or discourses of delay, are being given more space in the news article, more power than like a relevant climate expert or policymaker.“So they're getting the science right but then when they're talking about the actual solution and action moving forward, we're still seeing this problematic balance issue where one side is being favored.”Referenced Papers/Articles:* Balance as Bias: global warming and the US prestige press* Balance as bias, resolute on the retreat? Updates & analyses of newspaper coverage in the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and Canada over the past 15 years* Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies* Tactical framing around the Green New Deal* Discourses of Climate Delay* Media Representations of Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of the Research Field* The International Reporting of Climate Scepticism* The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy futureLucy McAllister is an Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at Denison University. Prior to this position, she worked at the Technical University of Munich, Babson College, and Boston College. Lucy's interdisciplinary research focuses on the framing of overlapping global environmental injustices—climate change and hazardous waste—and the disproportionate impact on minorities, women, children, future generations, and other stigmatized groups. Broadly, her research explores how we communicate and perceive social harms and environmental injustices, and therefore informs work on inclusive, interdisciplinary solutions. She has published research in several outlets, such as Environmental Research Letters, The Lancet, The Lancet Planetary Health, Health and Human Rights, Science and Engineering Ethics, and the Sociology of Development. Lucy is a part of the research group at the Media and Climate Change Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder. Planet: Critical investigates why the world is in crisis—and what to do about it. Support the project with a paid subscription.© Rachel Donald Get full access to Planet: Critical at www.planetcritical.com/subscribe
Amelia, RK, Harry and Rudy sit down for a discussion on systems approaches to ecology using as a basis H. T. Odum's Environment, Power, and Society for the Twenty-First Century: The Hierarchy of Energy . We talk about Odum's innovations in the field of ecology, his ideas about the hierarchies of energy and matter, how to use Odum's framework to extend Marxist analysis of society towards constructing an eco-socialist program, and use that to critically evaluate several current political proposals including degrowth, unequal ecological exchange and eco-modernism. Other references: “Limits to growth” in communism? Bonaiuti, M. From bioeconomics to degrowth. London: Routledge, 2011. http://www.georgescuroegen.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/From_Bioeconomics_to_Degrowth_def.pdf Cockshott, Paul. "Calculation in-Natura, from Neurath to Kantorovich." University of Glasgow(2008). https://www.academia.edu/download/68627453/standalonearticle.pdf Foster, J. B., and Holleman, H. "The theory of unequal ecological exchange: a Marx-Odum dialectic." Journal of Peasant Studies41.2 (2014): 199-233. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03066150.2014.889687 Kikstra, J. S., Mastrucci, A., Min, J., Riahi, K., & Rao, N. D. (2021). Decent living gaps and energy needs around the world. Environmental Research Letters, 16(9) https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c27 O'Neill, John. "Socialist calculation and environmental valuation: money, markets and ecology." Science & Society66.1 (2002): 137-151. https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/pdf/10.1521/siso.66.1.137.21006 Pirgmaier, E. (2018) Value, Capital and Nature. Rethinking the foundations of ecological economics. PhD thesis, University of Leeds. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22895/
ThoughtSpace - A Podcast from the Centre for Policy Research
To mark CPR's 50th anniversary, we are delighted to present a brand new interview series called CPR Perspectives. Every month we plan to bring you a flagship conversation, with Rohan Venkat interviewing a faculty member on their research, policy practice and engagement with the most critical questions of our age. Over the past five decades, the Centre for Policy Research has played a unique role in India's policy landscape, tackling concerns as varied and vital as climate change and federalism, urbanisation and national security and bringing a genuinely multi-disciplinary approach to the field. Today, with India facing a complex geopolitical landscape and even greater development and climate challenges, the Centre's faculty continue to produce field-defining research while also working directly with policymakers and stakeholders in government and beyond. In the first interview, Rohan speaks to Navroz Dubash, a professor at CPR where he also runs the Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment. Dubash is one of the world's most renowned experts on climate change, having worked on the subject since the 1990s – well before it became a household term. Dubash's wide-ranging career has featured landmark research papers, agenda-setting edited volumes, two authored books and key roles on a number of official and advisory committees in India and at the global level. He was a Coordinating Lead Author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations' panel which publishes landmark reports on the state of climate change research. Dubash's work led to CPR being the overall anchor institution and technical knowledge partner for the Indian government's Long Term-Low Emissions and Development Strategy. He has received the TN Khoshoo Memorial Award for his work on Indian and global climate change governance, the Emerging Regions Award by Environmental Research Letters, and the SR Sen Award for Best Book in Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, for his book Tubewell Capitalism. In this conversation, Dubash talks about about working on climate change back in 1990 - well before it was in vogue, whether it is frustrating to still be going over questions of climate change vs development that have been around since then, why the Climate Initiative at CPR turned into the Initiative on Climate, Energy and the Environment, and why it's important to make academic work accessible for wider audiences. Navroz talks about what it was like to help the Indian government draft its strategy for low-emissions development, why it's important to not just follow the Western narrative on climate change and what advice Dubash has for younger scholars entering this important field.
To mark CPR's 50th anniversary, we are delighted to present a brand new interview series called CPR Perspectives. Every month we plan to bring you a flagship conversation, with Rohan Venkat interviewing a faculty member on their research, policy practice and engagement with the most critical questions of our age. Over the past five decades, the Centre for Policy Research has played a unique role in India's policy landscape, tackling concerns as varied and vital as climate change and federalism, urbanisation and national security and bringing a genuinely multi-disciplinary approach to the field. Today, with India facing a complex geopolitical landscape and even greater development and climate challenges, the Centre's faculty continue to produce field-defining research while also working directly with policymakers and stakeholders in government and beyond. In the first interview, Rohan speaks to Navroz Dubash, a professor at CPR where he also runs the Initiative on Climate, Energy and Environment. Dubash is one of the world's most renowned experts on climate change, having worked on the subject since the 1990s – well before it became a household term. Dubash's wide-ranging career has featured landmark research papers, agenda-setting edited volumes, two authored books and key roles on a number of official and advisory committees in India and at the global level. He was a Coordinating Lead Author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations' panel which publishes landmark reports on the state of climate change research. Dubash's work led to CPR being the overall anchor institution and technical knowledge partner for the Indian government's Long Term-Low Emissions and Development Strategy. He has received the TN Khoshoo Memorial Award for his work on Indian and global climate change governance, the Emerging Regions Award by Environmental Research Letters, and the SR Sen Award for Best Book in Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, for his book Tubewell Capitalism. In this conversation, Dubash talks about about working on climate change back in 1990 - well before it was in vogue, whether it is frustrating to still be going over questions of climate change vs development that have been around since then, why the Climate Initiative at CPR turned into the Initiative on Climate, Energy and the Environment, and why it's important to make academic work accessible for wider audiences. Navroz talks about what it was like to help the Indian government draft its strategy for low-emissions development, why it's important to not just follow the Western narrative on climate change and what advice Dubash has for younger scholars entering this important field.
Join Tim and Kim as they visit with Mark Aspin, Manager of the Pastoral Greenhouse Gas Consortium in New Zealand. Much discussion of burps, farts and levies for ruminant-produced greenhouse gasses ensues. References Buddle, Bryce M., Michel Denis, Graeme T. Attwood, Eric Altermann, Peter H. Janssen, Ron S. Ronimus, Cesar S. Pinares-Patiño, Stefan Muetzel, and D. Neil Wedlock. “Strategies to Reduce Methane Emissions from Farmed Ruminants Grazing on Pasture.” The Veterinary Journal 188, no. 1 (April 2011): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.02.019.Animals. “Can You Tax a Cow's Burps? New Zealand Will Be the First to Try.,” November 17, 2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/can-you-tax-a-cows-burps-new-zealand-will-be-the-first-to-try.Corlett, Eva. “Nineteen Years after the ‘Fart Tax', New Zealand's Farmers Are Fighting Emissions.” The Guardian, November 12, 2022, sec. World news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/12/19-years-after-the-fart-tax-new-zealands-farmers-are-fighting-emissions.González-Recio, O., J. López-Paredes, L. Ouatahar, N. Charfeddine, E. Ugarte, R. Alenda, and J.A. Jiménez-Montero. “Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases in Dairy Cattle via Genetic Selection: 2. Incorporating Methane Emissions into the Breeding Goal.” Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 8 (August 2020): 7210–21. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17598.Hayek, Matthew N, and Scot M Miller. “Underestimates of Methane from Intensively Raised Animals Could Undermine Goals of Sustainable Development.” Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 063006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac02ef.Hickey, Sharon M., Wendy E. Bain, Timothy P. Bilton, Gordon J. Greer, Sara Elmes, Brooke Bryson, Cesar S. Pinares-Patiño, et al. “Impact of Breeding for Reduced Methane Emissions in New Zealand Sheep on Maternal and Health Traits.” Frontiers in Genetics 13 (September 30, 2022): 910413. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.910413.McGregor, Andrew, Lauren Rickards, Donna Houston, Michael K. Goodman, and Milena Bojovic. “The Biopolitics of Cattle Methane Emissions Reduction: Governing Life in a Time of Climate Change.” Antipode 53, no. 4 (July 2021): 1161–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12714.Press ·, The Associated. “New Zealand's Plan to Tax Cow Burps Condemned by Farmers | CBC News.” CBC, October 11, 2022. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/new-zealand-proposes-taxing-cow-burps-1.6612302.Smith, Ian. “Farmers Protest against New Zealand's Proposed ‘Cow Burp Tax.'” euronews, October 20, 2022. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/10/20/cow-burps-to-be-taxed-under-world-first-proposals-by-new-zealand.
According to the United Nations, more than half of the world's population currently lives in cities. Projections show that the combination of urbanization and global population growth could add another 2.5 billion people to cities by 2050. Unsurprisingly, cities are a major contributor to climate change. According to U.N. estimates, cities are responsible for 75% […]
DID YOU KNOW?Workers get itchy feet around 18 months into a new job. A study of 5,000 employed adults found that's the average point when employees come to realize exactly what their job prospects are — and whether it's time to start thinking about finding something new. The leading causes for those itchy feet? Not being valued for their contributions, feeling like they're underpaid, and deteriorating working conditions. And 18% said they experienced job doubt when they found themselves working too many hours. The workers reported that once they started feeling frustrated, they started looking for new work, on average, within 4 months — and it typically took just over 3 months to land a new position.Fun Facts ✓ The modern salute is believed to be derived from the way in which French Knights would greet each other by lifting the visors of their helmets.✓ In America, it is a federal crime to use your roommate or friend's Netflix account.ARE THE TIMES A-CHANGIN'?A study suggests that putting our clocks ahead to daylight saving, and leaving them there, could help fight climate change. The findings, published in Environmental Research Letters, show how researchers simulated the heating and cooling demands of office buildings for 15 US cities, and analyzed the impact that daylight saving could have until the year 2050. They determined that under current climate conditions, daylight saving time reduces cooling demand by 5.9%, but increased heating demand by 4.4%. But as the environment warms, they found that daylight saving time could reduce cooling demand by up to 5.4%, while increasing heating demand by 3.2%. In both cases daylight saving results in a net decrease in energy used. They say that moving our clocks forward permanently by one hour could be a tool to help reduce carbon emissions and adapt to the climate crisis.THE BANK OF MOM & POP:When you find yourself with too much month left at the end of your money, do you ask mom and dad to help? Apparently, a lot of us do. In a poll, more than 3 in 10 (35%) adults admit their parents help with at least one bill. The survey of 2,000 Americans found that the top 3 expenses that parents help their grown-up kids with are rent (19%), groceries (19%) and utilities (16%). The good news for mom and dad is that 70% of those respondents plan to take on these bills themselves within the next 2 years. On the other hand, 30% admit they'll just keep on accepting their parents' financial aid until they're told otherwise. Half said they struggle to limit unnecessary spending. They also face difficulty budgeting for unexpected expenses (45%) and remembering to pay bills on time (40%).WATER COOLER QUESTION:Question: A survey asked people what important event they'd skip if they could see their team in the Super Bowl – and 15% said THIS. What is it?Answer: The birth of their child (mostly guys, probably…)Question: When it comes to the big game on Sunday, 71% of people are excited to watch the halftime show. Meanwhile, 76% are looking forward to THIS. What is it?Answer: Seeing the adsThat's it for todays show! If you love what we do and want more of us check out our website lowtreestudios.com.
This week Dustin speaks with Dr. Soumya Balasubramanya, senior economist at the World Bank based with its global environmental practice. Soumya is trained as a development economist and works on applied research projects at the intersection of environment, poverty and development across Asia and Africa. Before joining the Bank in 2022, Dr. Balasubramanya spent 10 years at the International Water Management Institute, a part of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, rising to group leader in economics. Her work has demonstrated extraordinary range and rigour, in her own words focused on “advancing knowledge on understanding the fractal vulnerabilities faced by the poor”. We discuss this sweep of work in three major parts. We start with the spark for becoming a development economist and what it means to think like an economist in terms of evidence and connections to other fields. We continue by exploring why we know so little about key topics in water, agriculture and development. We discuss why it is important to learn from failure, taking a deep dive into India's groundwater management and the uneven success of policy experiments with energy pricing reforms and solar irrigation. We conclude by discussing the insights for early career researchers seeking to work in development research and what it is like to work at large development organizations in this path. Soumya's website: https://soumyabalasubramanya.com/ Further reading: Balasubramanya, S., Buisson, M-C. 2022. Positive incentives for managing groundwater in the presence of informal water markets: perspectives from India. Environmental Research Letters, 17, 101001. Balasubramanya, S., Brozovic, N., Fishman, R., Lele, S., Wang, Z. 2022. Managing irrigation under increasing water scarcity. Agricultural Economics, 53, 976-984. Buisson, M-C., Balasubramanya, S., Stifel, D. 2021. Electric pumps, groundwater, agriculture and water buyers: evidence from West Bengal. Journal of Development Studies, 57, 1893-1911. Balasubramanya, S., Stifel, D. 2020. Water, agriculture and poverty in an era of climate change: why do we know so little? Food Policy, 93.
Professor Julia Steinberger researches and teaches in the interdisciplinary areas of Ecological Economics and Industrial Ecology. She is the recipient of a Leverhulme Research Leadership Award for her research project 'Living Well Within Limits' investigating how universal human well-being might be achieved within planetary boundaries. She is Lead Author for the IPCC's 6th Assessment Report with Working Group 3.She has held postdoctoral positions at the Universities of Lausanne and Zurich, and obtained her PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She has published over 40 internationally peer-reviewed articles since 2009 in journals including Nature Climate Change, Nature Sustainability, WIRES-Climate Change, Environmental Science & Technology, PLOS ONE and Environmental Research Letters.As part of our drive towards finding the people at the leading edge of change, we wanted to connect with Prof Steinberger really to unpick the detail of personal and collective action. Each of us is only one person and the nature of the change can feel overwhelming even while it feels urgent. So we need to hear directly from the people whose entire lives are given to solving this problem and who have concrete ideas of what we can do and how, who can direct our priorities and show us where the best leverage points lie. Prof. Steinberger has clear ideas of how our culture can live within planetary boundaries and we unpick them in this podcast. Enjoy! Julia on Medium https://jksteinberger.medium.com/an-audacious-toolkit-actions-against-climate-breakdown-part-1-a-is-for-advocacy-7baa108f00e9Living Well Within Limits https://lili.leeds.ac.uk/Positive Money https://positivemoney.org/Fossil Banks, No Thanks https://www.fossilbanks.org/
Ihr habt für ihn gestimmt: Herpetologe Sebastian Lotzkat ist der Gewinner der ersten Staffel unseres Science Slams im Podcast. An Schlangen forscht er immer noch, aber mittlerweile arbeitet er vor allem auch in der Wissenschaftskommunikation, am Naturkundemuseum Stuttgart. Maja Bahtijarević und Korinna Hennig haben ihn dort besucht, haben riesige Spinnen getroffen, durften die Barten eines Seiwals anfassen und haben viel über die Kunst der Tierpräparatoren gelernt. Vor allem aber geht es natürlich um Schlangen: Warum die meisten gar nicht so gefährlich sind, welche Mythen es noch so aufzuklären gibt, wie man gefährliche Schlangen trotzdem fangen kann - und wie die Natur sie bei der Fortpflanzung auf ganz besondere Weise ausgestattet hat. DIE HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN • Sebastian Lotzkats Buch über Schlangen: Lotzkat, S. Keine Bange vor der Schlange. Hanser, München: E-Book; 2022. • Video von der Seiwal-Drehung im Schloss Rosenstein: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UScHrMXZqJg [aufgerufen 25. November 2022] • Dirk Brockmann über biophysikalische Netzwerke: Brockmann, D. Im Wald vor lauter Bäumen. Unsere komplexe Welt besser verstehen. Dtv, München; 2021. • Studie zum Zusammenhang von Amphibienvorkommen und Malaria: Springborn, M, Weill, J, Lips, K, Ibanez, R, Gosh, A. Amphibian collapses increased malaria incidence in Central America. Environmental Research Letters. 2022;17(10), doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8e1d.
Ihr habt für ihn gestimmt: Herpetologe Sebastian Lotzkat ist der Gewinner der ersten Staffel unseres Science Slams im Podcast. An Schlangen forscht er immer noch, aber mittlerweile arbeitet er vor allem auch in der Wissenschaftskommunikation, am Naturkundemuseum Stuttgart. Maja Bahtijarević und Korinna Hennig haben ihn dort besucht, haben riesige Spinnen getroffen, durften die Barten eines Seiwals anfassen und haben viel über die Kunst der Tierpräparatoren gelernt. Vor allem aber geht es natürlich um Schlangen: Warum die meisten gar nicht so gefährlich sind, welche Mythen es noch so aufzuklären gibt, wie man gefährliche Schlangen trotzdem fangen kann - und wie die Natur sie bei der Fortpflanzung auf ganz besondere Weise ausgestattet hat. DIE HINTERGRUNDINFORMATIONEN • Sebastian Lotzkats Buch über Schlangen: Lotzkat, S. Keine Bange vor der Schlange. Hanser, München: E-Book; 2022. • Video von der Seiwal-Drehung im Schloss Rosenstein: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UScHrMXZqJg [aufgerufen 25. November 2022] • Dirk Brockmann über biophysikalische Netzwerke: Brockmann, D. Im Wald vor lauter Bäumen. Unsere komplexe Welt besser verstehen. Dtv, München; 2021. • Studie zum Zusammenhang von Amphibienvorkommen und Malaria: Springborn, M, Weill, J, Lips, K, Ibanez, R, Gosh, A. Amphibian collapses increased malaria incidence in Central America. Environmental Research Letters. 2022;17(10), doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac8e1d.
In this episode, host Angie Gust talks about the use of essential fatty acids in combatting chronic inflammation which can lead to illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer and bowel diseases to name a few. Recent research has found that essential fatty acids are converted by the body to a novel genus of lipid mediators called specialized proresolving mediators. Specialized proresolving mediators represent a portion of the omega-3 fatty acid spectrum that has a big effect on reducing inflammation during the ending phase of the immune response. Importantly, research has shown that taking aspirin helps omega-3 fatty acids combat inflammatory diseases. Turning to the environment, in November last year the U.S. Department of Energy launched a climate program called the Better Climate Challenge. The Challenge commits to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50% within 10 years. More than 90 organizations across the U.S. have joined the challenge thus far. Consider asking your organization to join. References Gong, Y., Lin, M., Piao, L., Li, X., Yang, F., Zhang, J., Xiao, B., Zhang, Q., Song, W. L., Yin, H., Zhu, L., Funk, C. D., & Yu, Y. 2015. Aspirin enhances protective effect of fish oil against thrombosis and injury-induced vascular remodelling. British journal of pharmacology, 172(23), 5647–5660. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12986 Labarre, S. Apr 21, 2020. Design leaders at Microsoft, General Mills, and PepsiCo announce ambitious plan to fight climate change. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90743957/design-leaders-at-microsoft-general-mills-and-pepsico-lead-ambitious-plan-to-fight-climate-change Marchant, J. 2013. How Happiness Boosts the Immune System. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-happiness-boosts-the-immune-system/ McDermott, T. Apr 6, 2022. Tribes look to renewable energy to power jobs of the future. Investigate West. https://www.invw.org/2022/04/06/tribes-look-to-renewable-energy-to-power-jobs-of-the-future/ Norling, L. V., Ly, L., & Dalli, J. 2017. Resolving inflammation by using nutrition therapy: roles for specialized proresolving mediators. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 20(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000353 Taylor, S. 2019. Pathocracy: When people with personality disorders gain power. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/out-the-darkness/201907/pathocracy Zawadzki, SJ, Linda Steg and Thijs Bouman. 2020. Meta-analytic evidence for a robust and positive association between individuals' pro-environmental behaviors and their subjective wellbeing. Environmental Research Letters, Volume 15, Number 12 .
CitationsClark, M., & Tilman, D. (2017). Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice. Environmental Research Letters, 12(6), 064016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5Garrido, P., Edenius, L., Mikusiński, G., Skarin, A., Jansson, A., & Thulin, C.-G. (2021). Experimental rewilding may restore abandoned wood-pastures if policy allows. Ambio, 50(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01320-0Smit, C., Ruifrok, J. L., van Klink, R., & Olff, H. (2015). Rewilding with large herbivores: The importance of grazing refuges for sapling establishment and wood-pasture formation. Biological Conservation, 182, 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.047Tilman, D., & Clark, M. (2014). Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 515(7528), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959van Zanten, H. H. E., Meerburg, B. G., Bikker, P., Herrero, M., & de Boer, I. J. M. (2016). Opinion paper: The role of livestock in a sustainable diet: a land-use perspective. Animal, 10(4), 547–549. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731115002694Wirsenius, S., Azar, C., & Berndes, G. (2010). How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030? Agricultural Systems, 103(9), 621–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2010.07.005
This podcasts elaborates on some supplementary materials in the forestry publication by Zhang et al. (2022). Based on this research it briefly presents details of ten Forestation Programs in China and their contexts and objectives. Those are large-scale and long-term landscape projects with various aims and goals, increasing the forest area in China, and sometimes beyond. Grasslands and steeply sloped mountain areas play a specific role. Those programs improve poverty and rural development but are often not so well known abroad, and thus they are presented and discussed here as first pointers and for consideration and debate with the wider global audience. The increase of forest area and carbon sequestration, as well as avoidance of erosion through designed shelterbelts, often stand as main goals. See also the references by Chen et al. (2018), Elvin (2006) and Harris (2006) for wider context. References Zhang, L., P. Sun, F. Huettmann, and S. Liu (2022). Where should China practice forestry in a warming world? Global Change Biology, 00, 1– 15. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16065 Chen J, R. John, G. Sun3, P. Fan, G. M. Henebry, M. E. Fernández-Giménez, Y.Zhang, H. Park, L. Tian, P. Groisman, Z.Ouyang, G. Allington, J. Wu, C. Shao,A..Amarjargal, G.Dong, G. Gutman, F.Huettmann, R.Lafortezza, C. and J.Qu (2018) Prospects for the sustainability of social-ecological systems (SES) on the Mongolian plateau: five critical issues Environmental Research Letters 13: 123004. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf27b Elvin M. (2006) The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. Yale University Press Harris R. (2006) Wildlife Conservation in China: Preserving the Habitat of China's Wild West, East Gate Books. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/falk-huettmann/support
In this week's science-focused episode of Carbon Removal Newsroom, hosts Radhika Moolgavkar of Nori and Holly Jean Buck of the University at Buffalo are joined once again by co-host Dr. Jane Zelikova, executive director of the Soil Carbon Solutions Center and joint faculty in crop and soil science at Colorado State University. We're looking at two recently published studies which explore the challenges and opportunities around managing croplands and rangelands to draw down and store atmospheric carbon while making agriculture more sustainable. We start by answering the questions, what is soil organic matter? How is it related to carbon? Then we look at how the results of the first study link to the broader fields of conservation agriculture, soil health, and soil carbon sequestration. Next we look at the second study, which examines how management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks. Last, we discuss the upcoming USDA policies that might affect soil carbon, and finishing the episode with a good news story of the week. Resources Soil organic matter protects US maize yields and lowers crop insurance payouts under drought. Daniel A Kane et al. 2021, Environmental Research Letters, March 2021 Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta-analysis. McClelland et al. 2020, Ecological Applications, December 2020 Off-Season 'Cover' Crops Expand as US Growers Eye Low-Carbon Future USDA Launches First Phase of Soil Carbon Monitoring Efforts Soil Health Congressional Bill Tracker Kiss the Ground --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/carbonremovalnewsroom/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/carbonremovalnewsroom/support
Efer 573 (10-11-21): A estratosfera adelgaza polos gases de efecto invernadoiro: Verifican a hipótese do nobel de física 2021 seis décadas despois. (2:36) ] Historias de virus: “Habelos hainos” con César Muñoz Fontela. Un experimento naif do CDC, gatos contra febre de Lassa En 2012 un virólogo galego afincado en Hamburgo viaxa por primeira vez a Nixeria para estudar o seu primeiro virus hemorráxico, o virus de Lassa. (17:31) Unha metade do premio nobel de física deste ano 2021 correspondeu a Klaus Hasselmann e Syukuro Manabe pola “modelización física do clima da terra, a cuantificación da variabilidade e predición fiable do quentamento global” Debúllanos o que hai tras este nobel Juan Antoni Añel, profesor titular de Ciencias da Terra na Universidade de Vigo no campus de Ourense. Hai poucos meses Añel asinou cos seus colegas do grupo EphysLab en Environmental Research Letters un estudo altamente citado sobre a contracción da estratosfera polo incremento dos gases de efecto invernadoiro (44:59) As paisaxes sonoras perden instrumentos [Paxaros na cabeza con Nacho Munilla]. Un estudo de Nature Communications da conta de como nos últimos 25 anos a perda de especies de paxaros e de número de individuos ten afectado a mais de 200.000 paisaxes sonoras de Europa e Norte América. www.efervesciencia.org
In episode 245, Kestrel welcomes Eshita Kabra-Davies, the CEO and founder of By Rotation, to the show. A UK-based social fashion rental app and platform, By Rotation is dedicated to transforming the way we consume fashion. “I think no one's really attempted to make fashion rental about the sharing economy, to make it about women sharing with each other. It's always been seen more as a “oh, I want to wear designer clothing” or “oh, I want to wear something new” or “oh, I have a charity gala or a ball to go to”. It's always been for those sort of reasons — it's never really addressed the fact that we all have enough fashion in our existing wardrobes.” -Eshita Have you heard the recent discussion about how the rental market could have a worse impact on the planet than just throwing your clothes in the trash? It's been circulating around across the mainstream media after a new study was released in the journal - Environmental Research Letters. First of all — research within the fashion space is so important and necessary and needed. We are lacking in accumulated data as an industry, so it is always exciting to learn about new studies and the way they go about putting their findings together. At the same time, when it comes to research, there are going to be biases involved, every detail cannot be accounted for, and there will be some assumptions made. It's complex, yet important to continue to question and explore the nuance with the arrival of new data and new framings of analytics. When it comes to reports like this, it's very important to hear from individuals on different sides of the results and to listen to multiple perspectives. On this week's show, we talk with Eshita — the founder and CEO of By Rotation — on how they are working to make the sharing economy personal. For By Rotation, fashion rental is not another sales avenue to sell hundreds of dresses (to the rental company instead of the consumer) — it's instead an opportunity to allow us to use / rent what we already have in our own closets. Quotes & links from the conversation: “People are feeling pressure to always update their look, you know, always have something new happening in their lives — whether it's going to the newest restaurant or wearing the latest handbag or whatever — there's this pressure to always show new things. And I thought it would be so interesting if we could create a sharing economy around fashion, because fashion, turns out, is one of the most polluting industries in the world. It overtakes maritime and aviation industries combined — which is shocking because you would think that traveling and taking airplanes is the biggest contributor, but actually, it's what we wear every day.” -Eshita “Innovative recycling or extended use? Comparing the global warming potential of different ownership and end-of-life scenarios for textiles” -study by Environmental Research Letters Follow Eshita on Instagram > Follow By Rotation on Instagram > This week's episode is brought to you by For Days — they call themselves the “first closed loop clothing brand” and are dedicated to building a better, waste-free future. If you're interested in checking out For Days, you can use code CHATTER15 to get 15% off. Learn more and shop at For Days.com
Lo spessore della stratosfera si è ridotto di 400 metri dal 1980 a causa delle emissioni di gas serra e si ridurrà di 1 altro chilometro entro il 2080, se le emissioni stesse non verranno tagliate. La cosa potrebbe danneggiare l'operatività dei satelliti, il sistema Gps e le telecomunicazioni. Lo sostiene una ricerca condotta da studiosi di Germania, Austria, Spagna, Repubblica Ceca e Stati Uniti, e pubblicata sulla rivista Environmental Research Letters. La stratosfera si trova fra i 20 e i 60 km dalla superficie terrestre e, secondo la ricerca, i gas serra la riducono per due motivi. Da un lato si espandono nell'atmosfera sottostante, schiacciando verso l'alto il limite inferiore dello strato superiore. Dall'altro lato, i gas serra fanno raffreddare la stratosfera e, quindi, la restringono, perché assorbono calore e riducono la dispersione nello spazio del calore solare che arriva sulla terra. La ricerca ha esaminato i dati dei satelliti dal 1980 ad oggi e, a detta degli studiosi, il restringimento della stratosfera può molto influire sulle traiettorie dei satelliti, sulla propagazione delle onde radio e quindi sull'efficienza del sistema Gps. E passiamo adesso ad occuparci di un argomento che, apparentemente, avrebbe solo a che vedere col mondo della finanza, ma che, invece, coinvolge anche i temi che trattiamo abitualmente in questa rubrica. Infatti, l'impronta di carbonio dei Sistemi di pagamento istantanei dell'Eurozona ( i cosiddetti TIPS), nel 2019, è stata quasi 40.000 volte inferiore a quella di Bitcoin. Lo rivela una ricerca della Banca d'Italia, che ha messo a confronto le emissioni di gas serra dei bitcoin con quelle del servizio per i pagamenti elettronici istantanei, istituito nel 2018 dalla Banca centrale europea e dalle Banche centrali degli stati membri della UE. La differenza dell'impronta carbonica, secondo l'indagine, è solo in minima parte spiegata dal minor volume complessivo di transazioni di TIPS, in quanto l'incremento marginale delle emissioni per transazione aggiuntiva è molto contenuto: anche se TIPS lavorasse a pieno ritmo, questa differenza rimarrebbe, dunque, pressoché invariata. L'enorme differenza nell'impronta di carbonio tra TIPS e Bitcoin deriva, invece, dal fatto che quest'ultimo utilizza una notevole quantità di energia al fine di generare fiducia e consenso tra i partecipanti alla rete, mentre nel caso di TIPS questa fiducia è fornita dall'Eurosistema. Il confronto viene poi esteso anche ad altre infrastrutture di pagamento. Le prestazioni di TIPS, per quanto meno pronunciate che nel caso del confronto con Bitcoin, rimangono tuttavia sensibilmente più elevate. E prima di concludere questa nostra puntata di sostenibilità e dintorni, desideriamo specificarvi che col termine “overshoot”, tecnicamente, si intende il giorno in cui l'umanità consuma completamente le risorse prodotte dal pianeta nell'intero anno. Per quanto riguarda il nostro Paese, vi segnaliamo che, quest'anno, l'Italia ha già esaurito le risorse naturali a disposizione e per il resto del 2021 va in debito con la Terra. Il Global footprint network, che calcola l'impronta ecologica di ciascuna nazione e quello mondiale - che nel 2020 è caduto il 22 agosto - indica che l'"overshoot" day per il nostro Paese è stato il 13 maggio. Pertanto, a questo punto, secondo il Global Footprint Network, l'Italia avrebbe bisogno delle risorse di 2,7 Terre per arrivare alla fine dell'anno. L'anno scorso l'Italia ha avuto l'overshoot day il 14 maggio e due anni fa il 15.
Lo spessore della stratosfera si è ridotto di 400 metri dal 1980 a causa delle emissioni di gas serra e si ridurrà di 1 altro chilometro entro il 2080, se le emissioni stesse non verranno tagliate. La cosa potrebbe danneggiare l'operatività dei satelliti, il sistema Gps e le telecomunicazioni. Lo sostiene una ricerca condotta da studiosi di Germania, Austria, Spagna, Repubblica Ceca e Stati Uniti, e pubblicata sulla rivista Environmental Research Letters.La stratosfera si trova fra i 20 e i 60 km dalla superficie terrestre e, secondo la ricerca, i gas serra la riducono per due motivi. Da un lato si espandono nell'atmosfera sottostante, schiacciando verso l'alto il limite inferiore dello strato superiore. Dall'altro lato, i gas serra fanno raffreddare la stratosfera e, quindi, la restringono, perché assorbono calore e riducono la dispersione nello spazio del calore solare che arriva sulla terra.La ricerca ha esaminato i dati dei satelliti dal 1980 ad oggi e, a detta degli studiosi, il restringimento della stratosfera può molto influire sulle traiettorie dei satelliti, sulla propagazione delle onde radio e quindi sull'efficienza del sistema Gps.E passiamo adesso ad occuparci di un argomento che, apparentemente, avrebbe solo a che vedere col mondo della finanza, ma che, invece, coinvolge anche i temi che trattiamo abitualmente in questa rubrica.Infatti, l'impronta di carbonio dei Sistemi di pagamento istantanei dell'Eurozona ( i cosiddetti TIPS), nel 2019, è stata quasi 40.000 volte inferiore a quella di Bitcoin. Lo rivela una ricerca della Banca d'Italia, che ha messo a confronto le emissioni di gas serra dei bitcoin con quelle del servizio per i pagamenti elettronici istantanei, istituito nel 2018 dalla Banca centrale europea e dalle Banche centrali degli stati membri della UE.La differenza dell'impronta carbonica, secondo l'indagine, è solo in minima parte spiegata dal minor volume complessivo di transazioni di TIPS, in quanto l'incremento marginale delle emissioni per transazione aggiuntiva è molto contenuto: anche se TIPS lavorasse a pieno ritmo, questa differenza rimarrebbe, dunque, pressoché invariata.L'enorme differenza nell'impronta di carbonio tra TIPS e Bitcoin deriva, invece, dal fatto che quest'ultimo utilizza una notevole quantità di energia al fine di generare fiducia e consenso tra i partecipanti alla rete, mentre nel caso di TIPS questa fiducia è fornita dall'Eurosistema.Il confronto viene poi esteso anche ad altre infrastrutture di pagamento. Le prestazioni di TIPS, per quanto meno pronunciate che nel caso del confronto con Bitcoin, rimangono tuttavia sensibilmente più elevate.E prima di concludere questa nostra puntata di sostenibilità e dintorni, desideriamo specificarvi che col termine “overshoot”, tecnicamente, si intende il giorno in cui l'umanità consuma completamente le risorse prodotte dal pianeta nell'intero anno.Per quanto riguarda il nostro Paese, vi segnaliamo che, quest'anno, l'Italia ha già esaurito le risorse naturali a disposizione e per il resto del 2021 va in debito con la Terra. Il Global footprint network, che calcola l'impronta ecologica di ciascuna nazione e quello mondiale - che nel 2020 è caduto il 22 agosto - indica che l'"overshoot" day per il nostro Paese è stato il 13 maggio. Pertanto, a questo punto, secondo il Global Footprint Network, l'Italia avrebbe bisogno delle risorse di 2,7 Terre per arrivare alla fine dell'anno.L'anno scorso l'Italia ha avuto l'overshoot day il 14 maggio e due anni fa il 15.
本期我们关注的话题是中国最重要的市场化的气候变化政策——全国碳市场。从十二五规划开始碳排放权交易试点开始,中国的碳市场经过十年稳步推进,今年全国发电行业的碳交易市场有望正式上线。这期话题我们就聊聊碳税、碳市场政策的理论基础、在中国和世界的发展,以及碳税和碳市场到底作用几何。本期是这个话题的下半部分。【本期内容】第三部分:碳价格政策在世界的发展01:20 世界碳价格政策综述04:27 墨西哥和哈萨克斯坦这些发展中国家很早采用了碳价格政策07:00 世界范围内的碳价格和部门覆盖10:50 世界上的碳价格政策真的可以减排吗?18:30 碳价格政策会导致空气污染不平等减排吗?第四部分:碳价格政策可以帮我们实现碳中和吗23:30 “市场失灵”足以概括气候变化问题吗?28:26 政治、社会、技术、政策在气候变化应对的作用31:40 气候变化应对的紧迫性 :行政手段vs.市场手段35:00 碳市场交易政策是“冗余”还是“兜底”? 37:26 碳价格政策不能解决其他的市场失灵问题?41:25 碳价格政策与创新问题参考文献:“World Bank. 2020. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33809 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”Rafaty, R., Dolphin, G., & Pretis, F. (2020). Carbon pricing and the elasticity of CO2 emissions.Vance, E. (2012). Mexico passes climate-change law. Nature News.Green, J. F. (2021). Does carbon pricing reduce emissions? A review of ex-post analyses. Environmental Research Letters.Hernandez-Cortes, D., & Meng, K. C. (2020). Do environmental markets cause environmental injustice? evidence from california's carbon market (No. w27205). National Bureau of Economic Research.Rosenbloom, D., Markard, J., Geels, F. W., & Fuenfschilling, L. (2020). Opinion: Why carbon pricing is not sufficient to mitigate climate change—and how “sustainability transition policy” can help. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8664-8668.Azevedo, I., Davidson, M. R., Jenkins, J. D., Karplus, V. J., & Victor, D. G. (2020). The paths to Net Zero: How technology can save the planet. Foreign Aff., 99, 18.Zhu, J., Fan, Y., Deng, X., & Xue, L. (2019). Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China. Nature communications, 10(1), 1-8.碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题,特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、网易云音乐等平台收听我们,我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、专场音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.
本期我们关注的话题是中国最重要的市场化的气候变化政策——全国碳市场。从十二五规划开始碳排放权交易试点开始,中国的碳市场经过十年稳步推进,今年全国发电行业的碳交易市场有望正式上线。这期话题我们就聊聊碳税、碳市场政策的理论基础、在中国和世界的发展,以及碳税和碳市场到底作用几何。本期是这个话题的下半部分。【本期内容】第三部分:碳价格政策在世界的发展01:20 世界碳价格政策综述04:27 墨西哥和哈萨克斯坦这些发展中国家很早采用了碳价格政策07:00 世界范围内的碳价格和部门覆盖10:50 世界上的碳价格政策真的可以减排吗?18:30 碳价格政策会导致空气污染不平等减排吗?第四部分:碳价格政策可以帮我们实现碳中和吗23:30 “市场失灵”足以概括气候变化问题吗?28:26 政治、社会、技术、政策在气候变化应对的作用31:40 气候变化应对的紧迫性 :行政手段vs.市场手段35:00 碳市场交易政策是“冗余”还是“兜底”? 37:26 碳价格政策不能解决其他的市场失灵问题?41:25 碳价格政策与创新问题参考文献:“World Bank. 2020. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33809 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”Rafaty, R., Dolphin, G., & Pretis, F. (2020). Carbon pricing and the elasticity of CO2 emissions.Vance, E. (2012). Mexico passes climate-change law. Nature News.Green, J. F. (2021). Does carbon pricing reduce emissions? A review of ex-post analyses. Environmental Research Letters.Hernandez-Cortes, D., & Meng, K. C. (2020). Do environmental markets cause environmental injustice? evidence from california's carbon market (No. w27205). National Bureau of Economic Research.Rosenbloom, D., Markard, J., Geels, F. W., & Fuenfschilling, L. (2020). Opinion: Why carbon pricing is not sufficient to mitigate climate change—and how “sustainability transition policy” can help. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8664-8668.Azevedo, I., Davidson, M. R., Jenkins, J. D., Karplus, V. J., & Victor, D. G. (2020). The paths to Net Zero: How technology can save the planet. Foreign Aff., 99, 18.Zhu, J., Fan, Y., Deng, X., & Xue, L. (2019). Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China. Nature communications, 10(1), 1-8.碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题,特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、网易云音乐等平台收听我们,我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、专场音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.
本期我们关注的话题是中国最重要的市场化的气候变化政策——全国碳市场。从十二五规划开始碳排放权交易试点开始,中国的碳市场经过十年稳步推进,今年全国发电行业的碳交易市场有望正式上线。这期话题我们就聊聊碳税、碳市场政策的理论基础、在中国和世界的发展,以及碳税和碳市场到底作用几何。本期是这个话题的下半部分。【本期内容】第三部分:碳价格政策在世界的发展01:20 世界碳价格政策综述04:27 墨西哥和哈萨克斯坦这些发展中国家很早采用了碳价格政策07:00 世界范围内的碳价格和部门覆盖10:50 世界上的碳价格政策真的可以减排吗?18:30 碳价格政策会导致空气污染不平等减排吗?第四部分:碳价格政策可以帮我们实现碳中和吗23:30 “市场失灵”足以概括气候变化问题吗?28:26 政治、社会、技术、政策在气候变化应对的作用31:40 气候变化应对的紧迫性 :行政手段vs.市场手段35:00 碳市场交易政策是“冗余”还是“兜底”? 37:26 碳价格政策不能解决其他的市场失灵问题?41:25 碳价格政策与创新问题参考文献:“World Bank. 2020. State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33809 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”Rafaty, R., Dolphin, G., & Pretis, F. (2020). Carbon pricing and the elasticity of CO2 emissions.Vance, E. (2012). Mexico passes climate-change law. Nature News.Green, J. F. (2021). Does carbon pricing reduce emissions? A review of ex-post analyses. Environmental Research Letters.Hernandez-Cortes, D., & Meng, K. C. (2020). Do environmental markets cause environmental injustice? evidence from california's carbon market (No. w27205). National Bureau of Economic Research.Rosenbloom, D., Markard, J., Geels, F. W., & Fuenfschilling, L. (2020). Opinion: Why carbon pricing is not sufficient to mitigate climate change—and how “sustainability transition policy” can help. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8664-8668.Azevedo, I., Davidson, M. R., Jenkins, J. D., Karplus, V. J., & Victor, D. G. (2020). The paths to Net Zero: How technology can save the planet. Foreign Aff., 99, 18.Zhu, J., Fan, Y., Deng, X., & Xue, L. (2019). Low-carbon innovation induced by emissions trading in China. Nature communications, 10(1), 1-8.碳笑风生关注全球和中国的能源转型、气候变化和可持续发展问题,特别是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和的科学、技术、政策、政治、经济、社会和文化问题。大家可以在小宇宙播客、喜马拉雅、网易云音乐等平台收听我们,我们同步更新的微信公众号“环境科学与政策”会有更多的专业讨论。大家也可以通过留言或在微信公众号“环境科学与政策”联系我们。开场、专场音乐来自The Podcast Host and Alitu: The Podcast Maker app.
On Episode#8, we talk about COVID vaccine updates, and Mega-Fires across the US1. One candidate vaccine fore COVID-19 showed possible neurological sideeffects. What does this mean for the other vaccines in the pipeline currently in Phase 3?2 New research explores the reason for the mega-wildfires that has moved across western United Sates.. and what it says about future extreme events moving further throughout the country over time.ReferencesKeech, C., Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine, NEJM, 2020 Alizadeh, M., et al, A century of observations reveals increasing likelihood of continental-scale compound dry-hot extremes, Science Advances 2020Jia, Shenyue, et al. "Patterns of population displacement during mega-fires in California detected using Facebook Disaster Maps." Environmental Research Letters (2020).Burke, Marshall, et al. The Changing Risk and Burden of Wildfire in the US. No. w27423. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020.
On this week’s Truth To Power, we gather folks into the virtual studio for a community conversation about resisting the petrochemical build-out in the Ohio River Valley. Joining Forward Radio programmer Justin Mog (Sustainability Now!) in the virtual studio this week are four members of the People Over Petro coalition: Alice Melendez (Extinction Rebellion Kentucky), Mary Aguilera (Buckeye Environmental Network & Ohio Poor People's Campaign, Cincinnati), Kelsey McNaul (Climate Reality Project, Pittsburgh), and Josh Eisenfeld (Fair Shake Environmental Legal Services, Pittsburgh). Despite failing economics and environmental health hazards, the petrochemical industry is persistent in its attempts to develop in the Ohio River Valley…but people are standing up to the threats to our natural and cultural heritage! Learn more about Extinction Rebellion Kentucky at http://xrebelky.org or https://www.facebook.com/XRebelKY Read "Your money or your life? The carbon-development paradox" (Environmental Research Letters) at https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7461 Read "What Does Net Zero Emissions Mean for Big Oil? Not What You’d Think" (Inside Climate News) at https://insideclimatenews.org/news/15072020/oil-gas-climate-pledges-bp-shell-exxon In reference to the Aug. 7th Hearing about barge facilities that the Army Corps is permitting on the Ohio to accept fracking waste, comments and requests for additional information should be submitted electronically to CELRH.North@usace.army.mil by 4 p.m. August 17th. https://ohvec.org/do-you-want-oil-and-gas-waste-in-your-water/ Keep up with the situation at http://nocrackerplantov.com On Truth to Power each week, we gather Forward Radio programmers and friends to discuss the state of the world, the nation, the state, and the city! It's a community conversation like you won't hear anywhere else! Truth to Power airs every Sunday at 4pm, Monday at 2pm, and Tuesday at 9am on Louisville's grassroots, community radio station, Forward Radio 106.5fm WFMP and live streams at http://forwardradio.org
Der Product-Life-Cycle digitaler Produkte (Quellen) 1. Geburt (Luca Hehl) # Ciroth, A., & Franze, J. LCA of an Ecolabeled Notebook. Consideration of Social and Environmental Impacts Along the Entire Life Cycle.(GreenDeltaTC, 2011). # Helms, H., et al. Weiterentwicklung und vertiefte Analyse der Umweltbilanz von Elektrofahrzeugen. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/weiterentwicklung-vertiefte- analyse-der (2016). # Bauer, C., et al. The Environmental Performance of Current and Future Passenger Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment based on a Novel Scenario Analysis Framework. Applied Energy 157, 871–883 (2015). 2. Leben (Julian Neuweger) Klumpp, D. Energiefresser Internet: Die Ökobilanz eines Mausklicks. https://www.swr.de/odysso/oekobilanz-des-internets/-/id=1046894/did=21791748/nid=1046894/1jsu4be/index.html (2018) Andrae, A., & Edler, T., On Global Electricity Usage of Communication Technology: Trends to 2030. Challenges 6, 117–157 (2015) und Statista (2017). https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/151356/umfrage/stromverbrauch-ausgewaehlter-laender-weltweit/ Shehabi, A., et al. The Energy and Greenhouse-gas Implications of Internetvideo Streaming in the United States. Environmental Research Letters 9 (2014). Cisco. VNI Global Fixed and Mobile Internet Traffic Forecasts. Hintemann, R., & Hinterholzer, S. Smarte Rahmenbedingungen für Energie-und Ressourceneinsparungen (Kurzstudie im Auftrag des Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e.V. (BUND)). https://bund.net/kurzstudie_smarthome (2018). 3. Tod (Mike Rademacher) Wikipedia. Software Bloat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bloat (2019). Wirth, N. A Plea for Lean Software. Computer 28, 64–68 (1995). UNEP. Waste Crimes, Waste Risks: Gaps and Challenges In the Waste Sector: UNEP Report (2015).
In this Fiduciary Investors Series podcast Amanda White talks to Professor Cameron Hepburn, Professor of Environmental Economics and the director of the economics sustainability programme at the University of Oxford. About Cameron HepburnCameron Hepburn is the Director of the Economics of Sustainability Programme, based at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School. He is also Director and Professor of Environmental Economics at the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, a Fellow at New College, Oxford, and a Professorial Research Fellow at the Grantham Research Institute at the London School of Economics.He has published widely on energy, resources and environmental challenges across a range of disciplines, including engineering, biology, philosophy, economics, public policy and law, drawing on his degrees in law, engineering and doctorate in economics. He is on the editorial board of Environmental Research Letters and is the managing editor of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy. Cameron's research is often referred to in the printed press, and he has been interviewed on television and radio in many countries.Cameron provides advice on energy and climate policy to government ministers (e.g. China, India, UK and Australia) and international institutions (e.g. OECD, UN organisations) around the world. Cameron began his professional life with McKinsey, and has since had an entrepreneurial career, co-founding three successful businesses – Aurora Energy Research, Climate Bridge and Vivid Economics – and investing in several other social enterprises, such as Purpose and Apolitical. He also serves as a trustee for Schola Cantorum of Oxford.About Amanda WhiteAmanda White is responsible for the content across all Conexus Financial's institutional media and events. In addition to being the editor of Top1000funds.com, she is responsible for directing the global bi-annual Fiduciary Investors Symposium which challenges global investors on investment best practice and aims to place the responsibilities of investors in wider societal, and political contexts. She holds a Bachelor of Economics and a Masters of Art in Journalism and has been an investment journalist for more than 25 years. She is currently a fellow in the Finance Leaders Fellowship at the Aspen Institute. The two-year program seeks to develop the next generation of responsible, community-spirited leaders in the global finance industry. What is the Fiduciary Investors series?The COVID-19 global health and economic crisis has highlighted the need for leadership and capital to be urgently targeted towards the vulnerabilities in the global economy.Through conversations with academics and asset owners, the Fiduciary Investors Podcast Series is a forward looking examination of the changing dynamics in the global economy, what a sustainable recovery looks like and how investors are positioning their portfolios.The much-loved events, the Fiduciary Investors Symposiums, act as an advocate for fiduciary capitalism and the power of asset owners to change the nature of the investment industry, including addressing principal/agent and fee problems, stabilising financial markets, and directing capital for the betterment of society and the environment. Like the event series, the podcast series, tackles the challenges long-term investors face in an environment of disruption, and asks investors to think differently about how they make decisions and allocate capital.
Thanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/ The way smartphones made many devices nonessential is a model for a new way to think about improving energy efficiency. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords: Dematerialization - using less (or no) material to deliver the same serviceEnergy conservation - using less energy by adjusting behavior (turning down your heat)Energy efficiency - using less energy by using technology that requires less energy to perform the same function (insulating your house to keep warm while using less energy)Energy intensity - energy consumption per unit of GDP (reduced by increasing energy efficiency)Energy services - the useful functions you're able to perform by using energy (what we refer to as ‘function’) ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, you might also like: Phones are great for the environment https://www.wired.com/story/iphone-environment-consumption/ Nope, phones are bad for the environment https://theconversation.com/how-smartphones-are-heating-up-the-planet-92793 Amory Lovins on ‘integrative design’ (watch the video abstract) - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aad965/meta The US would use 85% more energy if it weren’t for efficiency efforts since the 1970s https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-environment/308170-cheap-clean-and-easily-accessible-an-energy-resource US energy intensity has halved since 1970 https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=10191 This chart shows just how much energy the US is wasting https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/05/visualizing-u-s-energy-consumption-in-one-chart _________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: Support us on Patreon: And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/ Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And download our videos on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer, Editor and Video Narrator: Alex Reich (@alexhreich) Video Illustrator: Sarah Berman (@sarahjberman) Video Director: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, Julián Gómez, Arcadi Garcia Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: ___________________________________________ References: Belkhir, L., & Elmeligi, A. 2018. Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177, 448-463. Bento, N. 2016. Calling for change? Innovation, diffusion, and the energy impacts of global mobile telephony. Energy Research & Social Science, 21, 84-100. Cullen, J. M., Allwood, J. M., & Borgstein, E. H. 2011. Reducing energy demand: what are the practical limits?. Environmental science & technology, 45(4), 1711-1718. Fell, M. J. 2017. Energy services: A conceptual review. Energy research & social science, 27, 129-140. Grubler, A., et al. 2018. A low energy demand scenario for meeting the 1.5 C target and sustainable development goals without negative emission technologies. Nature Energy, 3(6), 515. Lovins, A. B. 2018. How big is the energy efficiency resource?. Environmental Research Letters, 13(9), 090401. Popovich, N. March 8, 2019. America’s Light Bulb Revolution. Suckling, J., & Lee, J. 2015. Redefining scope: the true environmental impact of smartphones?. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(8), 1181-1196. Visitor’s Guide. August 2007. Rocky Mountain Institute.
Water is essential for life, but we need to take care of the complete water cycle. Treating waste water can help remove harmful pollutants from cosmetics and medication. Industrial processes and landfill can also make super salty water, that we need to clean before releasing. Without good water management then we can end up without water in times of drought, and in times of flood more water than we can handle. This week we find out about ways to better manage the most precious of resources, water.References: Qian Yang, Bridget R Scanlon. How much water can be captured from flood flows to store in depleted aquifers for mitigating floods and droughts? A case study from Texas, US. Environmental Research Letters, 2019; 14 (5): 054011 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab148e Rui Zhao, Tingting Ma, Shuying Li, Yuyang Tian, Guangshan Zhu. Porous Aromatic Framework Modified Electrospun Fiber Membrane as a Highly Efficient and Reusable Adsorbent for Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Removal. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019; 11 (18): 16662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04326 Chanhee Boo, Robert K. Winton, Kelly M. Conway, Ngai Yin Yip. Membrane-less and Non-evaporative Desalination of Hypersaline Brines by Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2019; DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00182
Do you even matter? In this Episode I discuss the concept of “How small things can make a big difference”, which green actions are the most powerful ones and provide you with 4 easy steps to implement Sustainability in your daily life. #1 start small #2 the WHY question #3 get inspired #4 become a role model “Always leave people better than you found them. Hug the hurt, kiss the broken, befriend the lost and love the lonely.” Literature: Wynes, S., & Nicholas, K. (2017). The climate mitigation gap: Education and government recommendations miss the most effective individual actions. Environmental Research Letters, 12(7), doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541
Episode 46 is a Patreon episode about...musk turtles! These endearing little monsters live in the waterways of the USA and we examine their unusual mouths and diet preferences. Species of the Bi-Week is a squishy chelonian. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com Main Paper References: Heiss, E., Natchev, N., Beisser, C., Lemell, P., & Weisgram, J. (2010). The fish in the turtle: On the functionality of the oropharynx in the common musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus (Chelonia, Kinosternidae) concerning feeding and underwater respiration. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 293(8), 1416-1424. Wilhelm, C. E., & Plummer, M. V. (2012). Diet of radiotracked Musk Turtles, Sternotherus odoratus, in a small urban stream. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 7(2), 258-264. Species of the Bi-Week: Farkas, B., Ziegler, T., Pham, C. T., Ong, A. V., & Fritz, U. (2019). A new species of Pelodiscus from northeastern Indochina (Testudines, Trionychidae). ZooKeys, (824), 71. Other mentioned papers: Snider, A.T. and J.K. Bowler. 1992. Longevity of reptiles and amphibians in North American collections. Second Edition. Herpetological Circulars No. 21. Strokal, M., Ma, L., Bai, Z., Luan, S., Kroeze, C., Oenema, O., ... & Zhang, F. (2016). Alarming nutrient pollution of Chinese rivers as a result of agricultural transitions. Environmental Research Letters, 11(2), 024014. Music: Intro/outro – Treehouse by Ed Nelson Other Music – The Passion HiFi, www.thepassionhifi.com
Air pollution kills 2 million people every year, according to a study published in the Journal of Environmental Research Letters. We see one story after another, warning that our cell phones are poisoning us. Those two instances alone are enough to make you want to hole up in a plastic bubble. But what can we really do to get some relief? This is where a healthy home sanctuary comes in. When we say “healthy,” we mean free of as many chemicals, environmental pollutants, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as possible. And this desire cuts across generational lines. I’ve consulted with a lot of consumers who specifically mention their need for a dedicated healthy space in their home, and I can tell you that the interest isn’t confined to younger generations. This episode is a quick and easy take on creating your Healthy Home Sanctuary.
Cameron Hepburn is Professor of Environmental Economics at the University of Oxford and the London School of Economics and Political Science, and he is Director of the Economics of Sustainability Programme at the Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School He has published widely on energy, resources and environmental challenges across a range of disciplines, and is a policy advisor on energy and climate policy to governments and international institutions around the world including the OECD, and UN organisations. He is on the editorial board of Environmental Research Letters and is the managing editor of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy. In this wide ranging interview, Professor Hepburn discusses his work as an academic and policy advisor on expanding markets to help spur the transition to a sustainable future. Recognising that price mechanisms, like ecosystem pricing, are not a panacea to deal with environmental challenges, he nonetheless believes that they can be effective and ethical. He describes some of the challenges in constructing these markets and what lessons have been learnt from both successes and failures. Professor Hepburn also notes how corporations and governments, rather than being in opposition to each other, can work constructively together. Indeed, given that some of the most challenging environmental issues are global in nature, Professor Hepburn believes that multinational corporations can play a positive role, particularly in protecting the natural capital which ultimately their businesses depend on. At the same time, he acknowledges the limits of such markets, stressing that regulations are vital to prevent fundamental planetary thresholds from being transgressed. While optimistic about the direction of travel, Professor Hepburn acknowledges the need to speed up the energy transition and stresses how socio-political self-reinforcing mechanisms, such as the falling cost of renewables and consumer behaviour, will help the energy transition. Finally, he discusses some of his latest work on expanding the concept of stranded assets to stranded labour and communities in order to demonstrate how the post-carbon economy must be inclusive by design so that it can expand at the necessary speed and scale. The post Episode 46: Interview with Cameron Hepburn, Professor of Environmental Economics at the University of Oxford appeared first on The Sustainability Agenda.
David Thompson Part 2 Last week I talked about David Thompson's arrival in Canada and some of his adventures during the earliest part of his long career in Canada. They were just the start of a 40+ year adventure across the wilderness of this nation and the northern United States. This week, I planned to talk about his explorations in the Canadian Rockies and along the course of the Columbia River in British Columbia, but quite frankly, his story is just too important to rush. So this week, I talk about the period between last week's episode of a young David Thompson until he made the decision to join the Northwest Company in 1797. If we start from the 18-year old Thompson we left last week, then for the next 10 years, he settled into a routine as both a fur trader and surveyor. To be a Hudson's Bay man meant that you had to put trade above all else, including surveying. Thompson continued his gruelling schedule of travel during these intervening years, travelling to and from the forts of present-day northern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Thompson's true love was surveying. He was an admirable fur trader but the more time he spent in the wilderness, the more he began to admire the traders of the Northwest Company. They seemed to have the freedom to explore and were less tied to distant forts like Hudson Bay. He was under the command of Joseph Colen of York Factory. Colen was a cautious trader who focused his energy on getting more and more furs to Hudson Bay and didn't believe in wasting manpower and money to explore more distant areas, like the country surrounding Lake Athabasca. This, however, was completely counter to directives given to him from London. In 1778-79, Peter Pond of the Northwest Company had significant success trading at Lake Athabasca, and the Hudson's Bay Company directors wanted a piece of that action. Some 10 years later, In 1790, Philip Turnor was charged by the Hudson's Bay Company to lead an expedition to the lake and investigate the possibility of a route to the Pacific. During the previous winter, Turnor had trained David Thompson and Peter Fidler (another explorer of note), the skills of surveying. Turnor's experiences at Lake Athabasca showed that it was a potential bonanza for trade, despite the presence of the Northwest Company Traders that had preceded them. He described it as "the Grand Magazine of the Athapiscow Country," and believed that it would be an extremely profitable venture if the HBC were to build a fort there. The Directors in London were very excited and continually urged Colen to send Malcolm Ross and Thompson to follow-up on Turnor's explorations. While the London Directors were keen to expand trade inland, some of the local managers, like Chief Factor William Tomison and Resident Chief Joseph Colen, blocked any efforts to extend a permanent presence so far inland. While Ross and Thompson were sent out several times to retrace the route via Cumberland House, they were repeatedly unsuccessful. In 1792 they headed out, and after overwintering at Sipiwesk Lake in northern Manitoba, Thompson attempted to push on to Lake Athabasca but was forced to retreat when he couldn't find any native canoemen to accompany him. The next summer, 1793, Ross and Thompson were again sent up to Cumberland House and then on to another fort called Buckingham House. Ross and Thompson never attempted to travel to Lake Athabasca. It is likely that the Resident Factor at York Factory, Joseph Colen, may have also neglected to order the group to continue to Lake Athabasca, and instead directed them to Buckingham House, a fort to the NW of present-day Edmonton. Thompson returned to York Factory in the summer of 1794 and in the meantime, Colen and his associates at York wrote to England as follows: “Notwithstanding the steps pursued last fall to ensure the success of the Athapascow Expedition, we are sorry to remark it was again set aside at Cumberland House this Spring. As these transactions happened many hundred miles distance from us, and with much secrecy, we cannot from our own knowledge inform your honours the real cause, and it is from letter and hearsay we form our judgment. It, however, appears surprising, for when Mr. Colen accompanied the men and boats up Hill River, with trading goods, many volunteers offered their service for the Athapascow Expedition, and said they were ready to have gone from Cumberland House with Messrs. Ross and Thompson, but Mr. Tomison refusing to pass his word for the advance of wages promised by the Honourable Committee it of course stopt the Expedition in question and the considerable loss of your honours. Indeed we find this business involved in mystery, and as are many other transactions inland. . . . We have already remarked on the overthrow of the Athapascow Expedition this season. The repeated disappointments so much disheartened Mr. Ross determined him to return to England had not Mr. Thompson prevailed on him to pursue some other track into the Athapascow country, for they declare it will be impossible to carry it on from Cumberland as the Honourable Company’s affairs at present stand, as every obstacle is thrown in the way to prevent its success. In order to suppress similar obstructions Mr. Ross took men and one canoe cargo of goods with him from Cumberland House and built a house to the northward near to a station occupied by a Mr. Thompson, a Canadian Proprietor whose success of late years in collecting of furs has been great. Mr. David Thompson has been fitted out with men and three canoe cargoes from this place to supply Mr. Ross by proceeding up Nelson River track.” The response from London reaffirmed their confidence in Ross and Thompson. They wrote: “ We are perfectly satisfied with the conduct of Messrs. David Thompson, Ross, and others…" They continued “Obstacles are again, we perceive, thrown in the way of the Athapascow Expedition, but we trust all difficulties which occur and impede the Company’s success will soon be removed.” In 1795, Thompson visited York Factory for the last time. At this point, he had been collecting astronomical and temperature data everywhere he travelled for the previous decade. Despite this, the Hudson's Bay Company offered no encouragement to him to continue to explore further into the wilderness and add more data points to the map of what would later become Canada. Thompson headed out again in 1796 to push through to Lake Athabasca, but rather than properly outfitting him with canoes and supplies, he was forced to engage two natives that were completely unfamiliar with the territory. They weren't even given a canoe and so had to take the time to build their own. They set out on Jun 10th with: "one fowling gun; forty balls, five pounds of shot, three flints and five pounds of powder, one Net of thirty fathoms; one small Axe, a small Tent of grey cotton; with a few trifles to trade provisions, as beads, brass rings and awls, of which we had little hopes; our chief dependence next to good Providence, was on our Net and Gun." As they continued north, the trees began to disappear. It was hard country, without wood to burn. He wrote: "The Natives, when they hunt on the North East parts of the Rein Deer’s Lake, cannot stay long; the Moss, when dry, makes a tolerable fire; but in wet weather, which often happens, it holds the rain like a sponge, and cannot be made to burn; this want of fire often obliges them to eat the meat raw, and also the fish; the latter I have seen them by choice; especially the pike, and a Trout is no sooner caught than the eyes are scooped out and swallowed whole, as most delicious morsels." Manito Lake (now Wolloston Lake), lies just to the north of Reindeer Lake. Thompson had great respect for the first nations of the Canadian north. He lamented the way in which they were so ill-treated in areas far to the south: "By civilised men, especially those of the United States, who have a mortal antipathy to the North American Indian; or, as he is now called the, “Red Man”; it is confidently predicted, that the Red Man, must soon cease to exist, and give place to the White Man; this is true of all the lands formerly possessed by the Red Man, that the White Man has thought it worth his while to seize by fraud or force; but the Stony Region is an immense extent of country, on which the White Man cannot live; except by hunting, which he will not submit to. Here then is an immense tract of country which the Supreme Being, the Lord of the whole Earth, has given to the Deer, and other wild animals; and to the Red Man forever, here, as his fathers of many centuries past have done, he may roam, free as the wind; but this wandering life, and the poverty of the country, prevents the labors of the Missionary to teach them the sacred truths of Christianity." As he got closer to Lake Athabasca, the country got increasingly barren: "A civilized man may never travel this way again; there is nothing to tempt him; a rude barren country that has neither provisions nor furrs, and there are no woods of which he could build a warm hut; and at best his fuel, of which a large quantity is required, could be only of small poles, which would burn away, almost as fast as he could cut them. In the winter the Natives do not frequent these countries but hunt to the westward." In late June, they made it to Lake Athabasca but spent only a few days there. The forests had returned and the country was much more pleasant. On the return trip, Thompson went over a 3-metre waterfall and almost all of their supplies were lost. They managed to salvage his sextant and instruments as well as his papers but: "We had no time to lose, my all was my shirt and a thin linen vest, my companions were in the same condition, we divided the small tent into three pieces to wrap round ourselves, as a defence against the flies in the day, and something to keep us from the cold at night… It was now our destitute condition stared us in the face, a long journey through a barren country, without provisions, or the means of obtaining any, almost naked, and suffering from the weather, all before us was very dark, but I had hopes that the Supreme Being through our great Redeemer to whom I made my short prayers morning and evening would find some way to preserve us." Things looked very bleak for the party as their physical condition continued to deteriorate: Thompson wrote: "We continued our voyage day after day, subsisting on berries, mostly the crowberry, which grows on the ground; and is not nutritious. To the sixteenth of July; both Paddy and myself were now like skeletons, the effects of hunger, and dysentry from cold nights, and so weak, that we thought it useless to go any further but die where we were. Kozdaw now burst out into tears, upon which we told him that he was yet strong, as he had not suffered from disease. He replied, if both of you die, I am sure to be killed, for everyone will believe that I have killed you both, the white men will revenge your death on me, and the Indians will do the same for him; I told him to get some thin white birch rind, and I would give him a writing, which he did, with charcoal I wrote a short account of our situation, which I gave him, upon which he said now I am safe." Later that day, they met a group of Chipewyan (now Dene) Indians who took pity on them and gave them food, drink, and a meagre amount of supplies to continue their journey. They spent the winter at Reindeer Lake, a lake that crosses the Saskatchewan-Manitoba border slightly above 57° N. Thompson was finding that the extreme cold of the northern winter was making his thermometre less accurate than it should be. He had a custom one made for him that would go as low as -79°C. Temperatures in December dropped as low as -40°C and the northern lights were dazzling in the sky at night. He wrote: "Hitherto I have said little on the Aurora Borealis of the northern countries; at Hudson’s Bay they are north westward, and only occasionally brilliant. I have passed four winters between the Bay and the Rein Deer’s Lake, the more to the westward, the higher and brighter is this electric fluid, but always westward; but at this, the Rein Deer’s Lake, as the winter came on, especially in the months of February and March, the whole heavens were in a bright glow. We seemed to be in the centre of its action, from the horizon in every direction from north to south, from east to west, the Aurora was equally bright, sometimes, indeed often, with a tremulous motion in immense sheets, slightly tinged with the colors of the Rainbow, would roll, from horizon to horizon. Sometimes there would be a stillness of two minutes; the Dogs howled with fear, and their brightness was often such that with only their light I could see to shoot an owl at twenty yards; in the rapid motions of the Aurora we were all perswaded (sic) we heard them, reason told me I did not, but it was cool reason against sense. My men were positive they did hear the rapid motions of the Aurora, this was the eye deceiving the ear; I had my men blindfolded by turns, and then enquired of them, if they heard the rapid motions of the Aurora. They soon became sensible they did not, and yet so powerful was the Illusion of the eye on the ear, that they still believed they heard the Aurora. What is the cause that this place seems to be in the centre of the most vivid brightness and extension of the Aurora: from whence this immense extent of electric fluid, how is it formed, whither does it go. Questions without an answer. I am well acquainted with all the countries to the westward. The farther west the less is this Aurora. At the Mountains it is not seen." Those of us who live in the mountain west will recognize his error in saying that the aurora are not seen in the mountains. It's a regular visitor, especially during the dark skies of winter. His narrative though, brings this beautiful phenomenon to life, and his description of it as an "electric fluid" is one of the most apt that I have ever come across. After all he had suffered through, and done for the Hudson's Bay Company, in the Spring of 1797, he received a letter from Joseph Colen, the Resident Chief at York Factory that: "however extensive the countries yet unknown yet he could not sanction any further surveys." Thompson decided to leave the service of the Bay Men and On May 23, 1797 simply wrote: "This Day, left the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, and entered that of the Company of the Merchants from Canada. May God Almighty prosper me." He also wrote the best resignation letters I have ever read. It was addressed to Joseph Colen. He was, if anything, brutally honest: DEERS RIVER, June 1, 1797. “Mr. COLEN. “SIR: I take this opportunity of returning you my most respectful thanks for your loan of two guineas to my mother. I have enclosed a bill to you for the above amount. “My friends belonging to York inform me that you are very desirous to find out who was the author of those letters that were wrote to H. B. Co. and militated against you 1795. I will give you that satisfaction. When I came down that year the other gentlemen were waiting my arrival in order to assist them in drawing up their grievances; as you were then absent I accepted the office with some hesitation, but as the letters were to be delivered to you on your landing at York for your inspection, and that you might have time to answer them, I considered you in a manner as present. Those letters were drawn up by me, assisted by my friend Dr. Thomas, and not one half of the evils complained of were enumerated. “You told Mr. Ross that when in England you were endeavouring to serve those, who behind your back were trying to cut your throat. Before you went to England I had always a Letter and Books from the Co., since that neither the one nor the other, and I have been put the whole winter to the greatest inconvenience for want of a Nautical Almanac. “Many of us acknowledge with readiness that you have some good qualities, and I had once the greatest respect for you; I have some yet, but . . . it is not my wish to say those things which I know you do not wish to hear. How is it, Sir, that everyone who has once wished you well should turn to be indifferent to you, and even some to hate you, altho’ they are constant in their other friendships, - there must be a defect somewhere. “The fact is, that from your peculiar manner of conduct, you are also one of those unfortunate men who will have many an acquaintance, but never never a real friend.-Your humble Servant, “ D. THOMPSON.” In his narrative, Thompson describes his move from the Hudson's Bay to the Northwest Company in a very matter of fact way: "My time was up, and I determined to seek that employment from the Company Merchants of Canada, carrying on the Furr Trade, under the name of the North West Company: With two Natives I proceeded to their nearest trading House, under the charge of Mr Alexander Fraser; and by the usual route of the Canoes arrived at the Great Carrying Place on the north shore of Lake Superior, then the depot of the merchandise from Montreal; and of the Furrs from the interior countries. The Agents who acted for the Company and were also Partners of the Firm, were the Honorable William McGillvray and Sir Alexander McKenzie, gentlemen of enlarged views; the latter had crossed the Rocky Mountains by the Peace River and was far advanced by Fraser River towards the Pacific Ocean, when want of Provisions and the hostility of the Natives obliged him to return. From the Great Slave he had explored the great River which flowed from it into the Arctic Sea, and which is justly named McKenzie's River" Thompson was greeted with open arms. His extensive knowledge of the north country, along with his extensive records of astronomical measurements, helped them to determine the true locations of their various forts. Thompson was set free to do what he truly loved - survey and explore. He was charged with finding the position of the 49th parallel between the American and Canadian territories. Long before the Oregon treaty of 1849 established the 49th parallel as the international border, the Paris Treaty of 1782 established an interim boundary between Canadian and American Territories. As a result of his surveys, some of Northwest Companies most important sites, like Grand Portage ended up in American territory (now in Minnesota), and had to be moved north to Canadian territory. Fort William (now Thunder Bay, Ontario) replaced Grand Portage as the main depot of furs for the Northwest Company on Lake Superior. Thompson was also charged to: "if possible to extend my Surveys to the Missisourie River; visit the villages of the ancient agricultural Natives who dwelt there; enquire for fossil bones of large animals, and any monuments, if any, that might throw light on the ancient state of the unknown countries I had to travel over and examine. The Agents and Partners all agreed to give orders to all their Trading Posts, to send Men with me, and every necessary I required [was] to be at my order. How very different the liberal and public spirit of this North West Company of Merchants of Canada; from the mean selfish policy of the Hudson’s Bay Company styled Honorable; and whom, at little expense, might have had the northern part of this Continent surveyed to the Pacific Ocean, and greatly extended their Trading Posts" The day that David Thompson the fur-trader joined the ranks of the Northwest Company, he became David Thompson the explorer. Next week, I'll look into David Thompson as he cracks the mountain barriers to the fur trade. Next Up…What's wrong with climate change research? Errors in Climate Science Needless to say, there are few areas of science more dangerous to discuss these days than climate science. Back in episode 31, I shared a presentation by Bob Sandford titled: The Hard Work of Hope: Scientific Fact vs Politicized Fantasy in the Post-Truth Trumpocene. You can check out the episode at www.MountainNaturePodcast.com/ep031. In this presentation, Bob describes the challenges of communicating science in a political environment where high profile dismissers of climate science, including current president Donald Trump, simply won't listen to the science behind climate change. Anyone spending time in the glacier-filled landscapes of the mountain west has watched our icy heritage disappearing at an alarming pace over the past 100 years. Many people like to sow dissent into the discussion by saying that there is NO consensus amongst the many researchers that are investigating climate science. In reality, nothing could be further from the truth. In a 2013 peer-reviewed study published in Environmental Research Letters, John Cook and 8 other researchers studied the abstracts of 11,944 scientific papers published between 1991 and 2011 that matched the subjects 'global climate change' or 'global warming'. The papers were specifically selected to limit the study to papers published by researchers that specifically identify as climate scientists. They omitted studies from people that did not claim to have a particular speciality in climate science. The media is full of speculative papers with a flawed scientific methodology that professes many different opinions. For the purpose of this study, it was limited to specifically peer-reviewed papers that were produced by climate scientists. Not all of the papers express an opinion on the cause of global warming. This paper wanted to look at, in particular, human-caused global warming. So they broke down the papers based on whether or not they made a determination as to whether climates were warming because of human changes to the environment. Of the papers, 66.4% did not make any claims as to the cause of global warming, 32.6% endorsed human-caused climate change and 0.7% rejected a human connection to warming climates. Of the scientists expressing an opinion on whether or not humans responsible, 97.1% were in agreement that humans are the cause of global warming. It's important to note that this study did NOT include papers by scientists publishing outside of their discipline. A petroleum geologist may have a very different opinion on climate change. It focused solely on climate specialists. A quick review of the bios of many papers will show their authors are not climate specialists and their results should be carefully examined. This doesn't discount interdisciplinary research, it just means that the methodologies need to be screened to remove any outside bias that may interfere with the results. The scientific method is one of the wonders of knowledge. Every scientific paper needs to start with a Theory, develop a methodology to test that theory, examine external factors that may influence the results, and then submit their results to other scientists for review - all before being published. It's then the duty of future researchers to test, and perhaps expand or disprove, those results. When multiple, independent studies come up with the same results, knowledge is advanced, and a new emergent truth arises. As Neil deGrasse Tyson, a world-renowned astrophysicist states in a video titled Science In America he states: "When you have an established, scientific, emergent truth, it is true whether or not you believe in it, and the sooner you understand that the sooner we can get on with the political conversations on how to solve the problems that face us". I'll link to the video in the show notes at www.MountainNaturePodcast.com/ep052. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MqTOEospfo In the future, new research may disprove or improve previous knowledge and lead us into new directions. So if 97% of papers support human-caused climate change than why do some disagree? In another paper, published in the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology, researchers examined the papers that found no human connection to climate change and attempted to recreate them in order to confirm their results. They looked at the 38 papers from the previous study that did NOT agree with human-caused climate change. When they attempted to recreate the studies in order to confirm their findings, a critical part of the scientific process, they found errors in their methodologies that, when corrected, would provide very different results. The papers were grouped into categories based on errors discovered in their methodologies. Many started with false assumptions or used erroneous analysis. Another common mistake was ignoring any research that was contrary to your assumptions. Other papers used models that were Ill-suited to the research and essentially, fit the research to the curve. Others pre-processed the data in order to focus on certain features while others ignored negative tests in order to cherry pick the desired results. In some cases, the papers were published in journals not connected to climate change and so the reviewers may not have had sufficient understanding to properly peer review them. The scientific method is very rigorous and every paper must survive the scrutiny of future researchers questioning the methodology, assumptions, analysis and the results. In November of 2016, the U.S. National Science and Technology Council released a draft report called Our Changing Planet, which integrated scientific data collected across 13 Federal agencies. The very first paragraph states: "The global environment is changing rapidly. This century has seen 15 of the 16 warmest years since adequate thermometer records became available in the late 1800s; globally-averaged temperatures in 2015 shattered the previous record, which was set in 2014; and 2016 is on track to break the 2015 record. Arctic sea ice extent continues a dramatic, decades-long decline. Many independent lines of evidence show a long-term warming trend driven by human activities, with cascading impacts that may outpace the ability of human and natural systems to adapt to change." How's that for an opener? You can view the full report here (for the time being): (http://www.globalchange.gov/browse/reports/our-changing-planet-FY-2017). Despite the important message of the report, the U.S. Government in August dissolved the advisory committee responsible for creating it, so it's unlikely that it will be adopted as policy - even though it's still available on the government website. If you'd like to read it, go now, before it is removed from government websites. Most recently, Trump disbanded a cross-agency group designed to help communities protect their residents against extreme weather and natural disasters. In June, he dissolved the Environmental Protection Agencies Board of Scientific Counselors. Science IS science. As Canadians, we suffered through a dark era in terms of environmental stewardship during the Harper years. Stephen Harper, while pro-business and anti-environment, was tame compared to the rabid hatred of all things environmental that Trump has expressed. First, he forbid climate scientists to publish their findings, then other government-funded scientists. Eventually, the ban on communication trickled all the way down to the local National Park Warden. In the end, the most innocuous media interview request to Parks Canada had to be forwarded to the Prime Minister's Office and was rarely rewarded with an interview. Thankfully, we are now in a new era of climate change leadership. Some of the brain drain that began during the Harper administration is reversing as American scholars look to Canada to avoid the scientific chill sweeping the U.S. There are many arrows in the anti-climate change quiver that also extend beyond potential government policy. In a paper Published on Nov. 29, 2017, in the journal BioScience, researchers led by Jeffrey Harvey looked at the influence of blogs in influencing popular opinion. Having just returned from Churchill, Manitoba, I'm very aware of the challenges facing polar bears in the future as warming climates limit their time feeding for seals on winter pack ice. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has confirmed that 2016 was the warmest year on record, followed by 2015, and then 2014. As I've already stated in this story, there is little scientific debate as to what causes global warming - at least within the scientific community. In the wider community, there is growing scepticism as to the human cause of warming climates. This recent study looks at the influence of non-scientific social media, in particular, blog posts in framing the public consciousness when talking about climate change. Nobody can dispute the power of websites like Breitbart in the U.S. and Rebel Media in Canada, but this paper looked to objectively look at the impact media like these were having on public perception. While blog sites like these aggressively try to muddy the water in terms of denying climate science and scientific consensus, even mainstream media are often afraid to overemphasize the human nature of climate change for fear of alienating readership or advertisers. The paper states: "Recent evidence shows that climate-change denial involves a growing labyrinthine network of corporations, conservative foundations, think tanks, and the mainstream media. Facebook, Twitter, and other social-media outlets also provide powerful voices in the battle for public opinion, and Internet blogs have become major conduits for disseminating various views on AGW (anthropogenic or human-caused global warming)." One of the democratizing characteristics of the Internet is that literally anyone can set up shop and promote their own opinions, regardless of the scientific validity of such opinions. Recent examples of malicious misinformation include anti-vaccination sites or others promoting folly like the idea that the Earth is flat…and come on! If it really was flat, the cats would have knocked everything off of it by now. Humour aside, sites like www.Wattsupwiththat.com which promotes itself as the "world's most viewed site on global warming and climate change", which gets some 2 million unique views per month, makes claims for which there is absolutely no scientific backing. Other sites like Climate Depot and Junk Science follow suit. The challenge with climate change dismissal sites is that they cross-link to each other creating, as the report states: "a large echo chamber, making them what one journalist described as 'foot soldiers' of AGW (human-caused global warming) denial". One of their favourite techniques is to use hot-button topics and turn the science upside down to support their completely fabricated view of reality. Polar bears are one classic example. Since their entire life is based upon their need to feed on seals using winter pack ice as a platform, these blogs simply ignore the peer-reviewed science and create their own alternate realities. As the report states: "Because the evidence is so overwhelming, it would be virtually impossible to debunk; the main strategy of denier blogs is, therefore, to focus on topics that are showy and in which it is therefore easy to generate public interest. These topics are used as 'proxies' for AGW (human-caused global warming) in general; in other words, they represent keystone dominos that are strategically placed in front of many hundreds of others, each representing a separate line of evidence for AGW (human-caused global warming). By appearing to knock over the keystone domino, audiences targeted by the communication may assume all other dominoes are toppled in a form of 'dismissal by association'." The case with polar bears is absolutely undeniable. With warming climates, their potential season for feeding is reduced every year as the ice forms later and melts sooner. There is no scientific debate that polar bears are one of the most at risk mammals based on predicted models of climate change. Of 90 blogs specifically dealing with polar bears and climate change, the views expressed fell solely into two camps. The 45 science-based blogs took completely opposite views from the 45 denier blogs. As expected science-based blogs used logical arguments backed up by peer-reviewed articles. Denier blogs did just the opposite, focusing on any uncertainties they could find while discounting the vast amount of evidence that did not support their viewpoints. Unfortunately, 80% of the denier blogs cited a single blog, that of Susan Crockford called Polar Bear Science. Not surprisingly, the report states: "Notably, as of this writing, Crockford has neither conducted any original research nor published any articles in the peer-reviewed literature on polar bears. However, she has published notes and 'briefings' through a conservative think tank, the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), and is described by them as 'an expert on polar bear evolution.' Similarly, the Heartland Institute, another conservative think tank that downplays AGW (human-caused global warming), describes her as 'one of the world's foremost experts on polar bears.'" Blog posts by Crockford insist that polar bears are highly adaptable and will easily adapt to any changes we make to the environment. Other strategies used by deniers like Crockford include personally attacking actual researchers and suggesting that they overstate their findings and that their work is both lame and dangerous. This helps to evoke fear and feed the denier's belief that the scientists are the enemy and that there is actually something called "fake science". The report continues: "Denier blogs that downplay the threats of AGW (human-caused global warming) to Arctic Ice and polar bears rely heavily on arguments that it has been warmer in the past, that temperature and seasonal ice extent vary naturally over time, and that it is therefore difficult or even impossible to predict what will happen in the future. While climates have varied in the past, summer ice didn't disappear completely as it will under current models. The current situation cannot be reversed without reducing the release of greenhouse gases. Also, when we are talking about natural fluctuations in climate change, we are talking about changes that took place over millennia - not the changes that are taking place over decades in the current reality. Ecosystems, and the wildlife that call them home can adapt to a certain extent given a few millennia, but over a few decades, there is little opportunity for adaptation. So how do you know if you're reading a reputable site? Follow the science. Denier blogs rarely overemphasize the science or provide methodologies or peer-reviewed information. Follow the money. In many cases, when you find out where the money comes from, you may find them supported by conservative think tanks, oil and gas concerns, or other groups with a vested interest in downplaying current science. Follow the credentials. If you see someone touted as an expert, do a google search and look for peer-reviewed publications that help to support their claims. With pundits like Susan Crockford, you'll find no evidence of peer-reviewed publications, or for that matter, any other evidence of her stated expertise on polar bears. Follow the language. Denier sites often don't spend much time focusing on the science but are quick to personally attack academics and other researchers whose views they discount. Real scientists don't use personal attacks. They use peer-reviewed science to back up their arguments. Any scientist that publishes a peer-reviewed article instinctively knows that it is the job of other scientists to disprove his findings. When subsequent research actually confirms the findings of previous studies, you get the emergent truths I spoke about earlier. As more and more people get their news from blogs as opposed to mainstream media, it's even more important that we evaluate the sites we visit. Anyone who spends time on Facebook has had friends share ludicrous claims that a quick search on sites like Snopes.com will show as false. I would argue that simply because a site does not have peer-reviewed publications to support their argument, that you shouldn't simply dismiss their value. Take time to evaluate both their message and the science they quote. I look at myself as an example of this. While I am not a field researcher, I spend countless hours reading, highlighting, translating and educating listeners to the most current, relevant science. If the science changes, so will the message that I promote. Look to blogs that reflect real science, and always be sceptical of claims that seem counter to the scientific literature. It is great when scientists take advantage of the personal nature of blogs, but currently, the sheer number of fact-free opinion blogs on any number of subjects will continue to overwhelm the ability of researchers to counter. I hope that podcasts like this help to provide ways to evaluate sites so that you can make truly informed decisions. Hey, as a polar bear viewing guide, I wish wild polar bears were going to be just fine, regardless of future changes to climate - but it just ain't so! And with that, it's time to wrap this episode up. You can check out the show notes for this episode at www.MountainNaturePodcast.com/ep052, or drop me a line by visiting the contact page on the same site. If you'd like to reach out personally you can hit me up on Twitter @wardcameron. If you're heading to the mountain west, Ward Cameron Enterprises is your source for step-on, hiking, snowshoe, and photography guides. Check us out at www.WardCameron.com. We look forward to helping you make the most of your mountain adventure…and with that, the sun's out and it's time to go hiking. I'll talk to you next week.
This week we finish up talking about the faint young sun and how some corporations seem to have strange ways of communicating the climate risk that they’ve studied. Faint Young Sun Part 2 Faint Young Sun Paradox Albedo Main sequence Fun Paper Friday How did ExxonMobil do in its communications about climate change? Read all about it in this in-depth study! Supran, Geoffrey, and Naomi Oreskes. “Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014).” Environmental Research Letters 12.8 (2017): 084019. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - SWUNG Slack - @dontpanicgeo - show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin
Mason Inman got started as a journalist through the excellent year-long Science Writing Program at the University of California in Santa Cruz. Eventually Mason became obsessed after learning of the notion of peak oil and the fascinating scientist M. King Hubbert, whose name is nearly synonymous with the concept, and would spend more than five years researching and writing The Oracle of Oil. Mason also works part-time for the non-profit Near Zero, which produces scientific assessments of energy and climate issues, drawing on input from top researchers. As part of this work, I co-authored the study, "The effect of natural gas supply on US renewable energy and CO2 emissions," published in Environmental Research Letters in 2014. For the past several years, Mason has focused on climate change and energy, but has covered diverse subjects including cosmology, evolution, and archaeology. His articles have appeared in National Geographic News, Nature, Science, New Scientist, Economist.com, Wired.com, and other outlets. Get your copy of Practical Prepping: No Apocalypse Required and the Practical Tactical Quick Start Guide today! Visit Practical Tactical for an archive of all of the Practical Prepping. Period. shows and everything else you may need to strengthen your family's resilience and personal preparedness. This is a copyrighted podcast solely owned by the Authors On The Air Global Radio Network LLC.
Ken Caldeira, climate scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science's Dept. of Global Ecology on the Stanford University campus discussing: Pongratz, J., and K. Caldeira, 2012: Attribution of atmospheric CO2 and temperature increases to regions: importance of preindustrial land use change. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 7, 034001 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034001 http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/staff/julia-pongratz.html The underlying paper is available for free download at: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/3/034001/
We talk with Sandi Copeland, Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at CU, about this story: Two million years ago, two-legged apes roamed the African landscape. Many of these ancient hominins, lived in limestone caves in what is now South Africa. We know this through fossilized skull fragments and teeth from those caves. But fossils only tell us where an individual died—not where it grew up, or where it traveled during its life. Or do they? New research from the University of Colorado that’s been published in the journal Nature, reveals that male hominins in South Africa grew up in the caves where they died, while the females who died there grew up elsewhere and migrated to the caves as adults. The research not only sheds light on the behaviors of early human relatives; it makes use of a new technique, pioneered by the CU researchers, to quickly and cheaply analyze the birthplace of fossilized creatures. Producer: Shelley Schlender Co-hosts: Joel Parker, Ted Burnham Engineer: Shelley Schlender For Headline Features, read on . . . STORY 1 {Virtual water cannot remedy freshwater shortage}: We all know what it’s like to drink or bathe in “real” water. But what about “virtual” water? “Virtual Water” is an economic calculation of the water needed to produce a certain amount of product. For instance, producing one kilogram of beef generally requires 15 thousand litres of water. It also takes water to grow crops such as juicy oranges. Virtual water transfers occur through trade. When desert destinations such as Quatar, or Las Vegas, buy oranges and beef they are indirectly importing water. And as the world’s population grows, virtual water transfer could, in theory, provide more equal water use between nations, insuring that everyone's water needs are met. However, according to a study published today in the journal Environmental Research Letters, banking on virtual water as a solution to global water problems could spell disaster. The study’s lead author, David Seekell, of the University of Virginia, points out that 80% of the people on Earth are already threatened by water shortages. Seekell warns that there’s not enough virtual water transfer to provide future, larger populations have enough water. What’s more, recent theoretical work shows that these transfers make societies more vulnerable to droughts. Without addressing population growth, Seekell says that efforts to equalize water supplies through global trade or a formal government-based virtual water market are likely end up high and dry. STORY 2 {Bat hibernation and rabies}: For North American wildlife, it’s often hard to survive the winter. Many bats solve this problem through hibernation, but at a cost. Hibernation allows some pathogens, such as rabies, to survive as well. To figure out the costs and benefits of hibernation, Colorado State University biologist Dylan George and colleagues designed a mathematical model to analyze data from a five year study of Colorado’s big brown bats. Matching data about birth, mortality and rabies infection, they've concluded that during the chilly months of a bat’s winter hibernation, the bat’s slowed-down metabolism slows viral development enough that it doesn’t make the bats sick just yet, and this allows plenty of bat babies to be born in the spring -- already infected with rabies. Many of these young bats then live long enough to produce more generations of infected babies. In contrast, when the scientists ran simulations that eliminated hibernation, the rabies virus killed bats so fast, populations crashed. The authors say this gives insights into how hibernation and cooler temperatures may influence many diseases in bats. STORY 3 {Glimpse Into Uncertainty}: We’re not completely certain how to explain this next story, because - well - it’s based on the “Uncertainty Principle.” The Uncertainty Principle is one of the more well-known consequences of quantum mechanics,