Podcasts about h3n2

TWiV reviews the administrations dismantling of the committee that studies pandemic potential, firing of CDC vaccine advisory committee and replacing them with unqualified anti-vaxxers, zoonotic and sustained Mpox spread in Nigeria and Cameroon, and breadth of influenza A antibody cross-reactivity. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Support science education at MicrobeTV 2:39 NIH terminates pandemic preparedness committee (Science) RFK Jr. fires all ACIP members (CNN) RFK Jr. names dubious members of new ACIP (NPR) Zoonotic and sustained Mpox spread in West Africa (Nature) Breadth of influenza A antibody cross-reactivity (Nat Micro) Letters read on TWiV 1227 Timestamps by Jolene Ramsey. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Accidental discovery in planetarium show Alan – Project Hail Mary Vincent – How to speak to a vaccine sceptic: research reveals what works Listener Picks James – Looking at the world through a microscope Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

Entre le 28 avril et le 4 mai, 3 296 cas d'infections respiratoires aiguës ont été enregistrés à Maurice. Le Dr Fazil Khodabocus, directeur des services de santé, met en garde : plusieurs personnes souffrent actuellement de grippe, de toux, de bronchite et d'autres complications liées aux changements climatiques. Il rappelle que plusieurs virus sont en circulation, dont la Covid-19, le H3N2 et le H1N1, et recommande de consulter un médecin dès l'apparition des premiers symptômes. Il a ajouté qu'une campagne de vaccination est déjà en cours et a lancé un appel particulier aux personnes vulnérables, notamment les personnes âgées, les femmes enceintes et les enfants, leur conseillant de se faire vacciner sans tarder.

CME CreditLink https://cmetracker.net/UTHSCSA/Publisher?page=pubOpen#/getCertificate/10098273 In this episode of Pediatrics Now, host Holly Wayment  welcomes back Dr. J.B. Cantey. With flu season at its peak, Dr. Cantey shares insights into the challenges pediatric practitioners face, particularly with the circulation of both H1N1, H3N2, and the emerging H5N1 strain, or bird flu.   He discusses the importance of vaccination, hand hygiene, and vigilant testing, while addressing common concerns about flu transmission and the role of Tamiflu. Dr. Cantey also emphasizes the significance of maintaining awareness around new strains, such as the avian flu H5N1, and offers practical advice to give to patients worried about the flu's impact on their families. With his expertise, Dr. Cantey provides a comprehensive understanding of how to manage flu risks and protect vulnerable populations, ensuring listeners are well-equipped to handle this year's fierce flu season.

What is the H5N1 bird flu? Will it cause the next big pandemic? If so, how bad would that pandemic be? Wait, What Even Is Flu? Flu is a disease caused by a family of related influenza viruses. Pandemic flu is always caused by the influenza A virus. Influenza A has two surface antigen proteins, hemagglutinin (18 flavors) and neuraminidase (11 flavors). A particular flu strain is named after which flavors of these two proteins it has - for example, H3N2, or H5N1. Influenza A evolved in birds, and stayed there for at least thousands of years. It crossed to humans later, maybe during historic times - different sources give suggest dates as early as 500 BC or as late as 1500 AD. It probably crossed over multiple times. Maybe it died out in humans after some crossovers, stuck around in birds, and crossed over from birds to humans again later. https://www.astralcodexten.com/p/h5n1-much-more-than-you-wanted-to

Alors que l'épidémie de grippe sévit en France, Alexandre Le Mer reçoit le Pr. Bruno Lina, chef du service de virologie à l'hôpital de la Croix-Rousse à Lyon. Ensemble, ils décryptent les raisons pour lesquelles cette épidémie est si virulente cette année, et quelles sont les meilleures façons de s'en prémunir. Le Pr. Lina explique d'abord que plusieurs souches de virus circulent simultanément, ce qui contribue à accroître l'ampleur de l'épidémie. Certaines de ces souches, comme le virus A H3N2, touchent plus particulièrement les personnes âgées, augmentant ainsi le risque de formes graves nécessitant une hospitalisation. Face à cette situation, le Pr. Lina insiste sur l'importance de respecter à nouveau les gestes barrières, comme le port du masque, le lavage régulier des mains et l'utilisation de mouchoirs en papier. Ces mesures simples mais efficaces permettent de freiner la propagation du virus, quel qu'il soit.L'expert aborde également la question de la vaccination antigrippale. Bien que toujours possible, il est désormais trop tard pour se faire vacciner et avoir un réel impact sur l'épidémie en cours. Le Pr. Lina regrette d'ailleurs le faible taux de vaccination, qui pourrait pourtant permettre de mieux contrôler la situation.Autre sujet préoccupant : la saturation de nombreux hôpitaux, qui ont dû activer le plan blanc face à l'afflux de patients. Le Pr. Lina y voit le signe d'une fragilité du système hospitalier, mais aussi d'un manque de prévention efficace, contrairement à ce qui a pu être mis en place pour la bronchiolite du nourrisson.Notre équipe a utilisé un outil d'Intelligence artificielle via les technologies d'Audiomeans© pour accompagner la création de ce contenu écrit.

The Flu Vaccine: Science at its Worst   Richard Gale and Gary Null Progressive Radio Network, December 20, 2024   Joshua Hadfield was a normal, healthy developing child as a toddler. In the midst of the H1N1 swine flu frenzy and the media fear mongering about the horrible consequences children face if left unvaccinated, the Hadfield family had Joshua vaccinated with Glaxo's Pandermrix influenza vaccine.  Within weeks, Joshua could barely wake up, sleeping up to nineteen hours a day. Laughter would trigger seizures. Joshua was diagnosed with narcolepsy, “an incurable, debilitating condition” associated with acute brain damage.[1]  Looking back, Pandermrix was a horrible vaccine.  Research indicates that it was associated with a 1400% increase in narcolepsy risk. A medical team at Finland's National Institute for Health and Welfare recorded 800 cases of narcolepsy associated with this vaccine.  Aside from the engineered viral antigens, the other vaccine ingredients are most often found to be the primary culprits to adverse vaccine reactions. The Finnish research, on the other hand, indicated that the vaccine's altered viral nucleotide likely contributed to the sudden rise in sleeping sickness.[2] Although Pandermrix was pulled from the market for its association with narcolepsy and cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness), particularly in children, it should never have been approved and released in the first place.  The regulatory fast tracking of the HINI flu vaccines is a classic, and now common, example of regulatory negligence by nations' health officials. The failure of proper regulatory evaluation and oversight resulted in Joshua and over 1,000 other people becoming disabled for life. Settlements to cover lawsuits exceeded 63 million pounds in the UK alone.  No one should feel complacent and assume flu vaccine risks only affect young children. Sarah Behie was 20 years old after receiving a flu shot.  Three weeks later her health deteriorated dramatically. Diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome, a not uncommon adverse effect of influenza vaccination, four years later Sarah remains paralyzed from the waist down, incapable of dressing and feeding herself, and rotting away in hospitals and nursing homes.[3]  Flu vaccines are perhaps the most ineffective vaccine on the market.  Repeatedly we are told by health officials that the moral argument for its continued use is for “the greater good,” although this imaginary good has never been defined scientifically. Year to year, how effective any given seasonal flu vaccine will be is a throw of the dice. Annual flu vaccine efficacy rates in the US have demonstrated significant variability. Data from the CDC reveal efficacy estimates of approximately 39% for the 2020–2021 season, 37% for 2021–2022, 52% for 2022–2023, and a preliminary estimate of 50% for the 2023–2024 season.  Preliminary CDC estimates for this flu season estimates 34% likely efficacy. Although these are CDC's figures, independent figures are consistently much lower. At their best, flu vaccines in recent years are around 50% effective according to official health analysis. During some seasons, vaccine efficacy is a bust. For example, the 2014-2015 flu season strain match was such a failure that the CDC warned the American public that the vaccine was only 23% effective.[4]  Nevertheless, these rates underscore the vaccine's inconsistent protection. Studies such as those by Skowronski and Belongia further highlight flu vaccines' variability and force to question whether the vaccine is capable of providing any reliable protection.[5,6] Moreover, Cochrane Collaboration reviews, known for their rigorous analyses, consistently find that flu vaccines reduce influenza-like illness by only about 1% in healthy adults and have negligible impact on hospitalizations and mortality rates. This limited efficacy raises critical concerns about the vaccine's utility, particularly when weighed against its risks.  Perhaps the most useless flu vaccine that should have never been approved was Medimmune's live attenuated flu vaccine (LAIV) FluMist, which the CDC later had removed from the market because it was found to so ineffective—only 3 percent according to an NBC report.[6] However the real reason may be more dire, and this a fundamental problem of all live and attenuated vaccines: these vaccines have been shown to “shed” and infect people in contact with the vaccinated persons, especially those with compromised immune systems.  Consequently, both the unvaccinated and the vaccinated are at risk.  The CDC acknowledges this risk and warns “Persons who care for severely immunosuppressed persons who require a protective environment should not receive LAIV, or should avoid contact with such persons for 7 days after receipt, given the theoretical risk for transmission of the live attenuated vaccine virus.”[7]  According to the FDA's literature on FluMist, the vaccine was not studied for immunocompromised individuals (yet was still administered to them), and has been associated with acute allergic reactions, asthma, Guillain-Barre, and a high rate of hospitalizations among children under 24 months – largely due to upper respiratory tract infections.  Other adverse effects include pericarditis, congenital and genetic disorders, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy or Leigh Syndrome, meningitis, and others.[8]  The development and promotion of the influenza vaccine was never completely about protecting the public. It has been the least popular vaccine in the US, including among healthcare workers. Rather, similar to the mumps vaccine in the MMR, it has been the cash cow for vaccine makers.  Determining the actual severity of any given flu season is burdened by federal intentional confusion to mislead the public.  The CDC's first line of propaganda defense to enforce flu vaccinations is to exaggerate flu infections as the cause of preventable deaths.   However, validating this claim is near impossible because the CDC does not differentiate deaths caused by influenza infection and deaths due to pneumonia.  On its website, the CDC lumps flu and pneumonia deaths together, currently estimated at 51,000 per year. The large majority of these were pneumonia deaths of elderly patients. Yet in any given year, only 3-18% of suspected influenza infections actually test positive for a Type A or B influenza strain.[9]  As an aside, it is worth noting that during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, an extraordinary and unprecedented phenomenon occurred: influenza infections, which have long been a seasonal health challenge, seemingly disappeared. Federal health agencies such as the CDC attributed this sharp decline in flu cases to the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) like mask-wearing, social distancing, and widespread lockdowns. However, this explanation raises critical questions about its plausibility. If these measures were effective enough to virtually eliminate influenza, why did they not similarly prevent the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2? This contradiction highlights the need to critically examine the possible explanations behind the anomaly, questioning whether the disappearance of the flu was truly a result of public health measures or due to other factors such as diagnostic practices, viral interference, and disruptions to seasonal flu patterns. If these interventions were indeed effective, their impact should not have been so starkly selective between two similarly transmitted viruses. This contradiction undermines the plausibility of attributing the disappearance of flu cases solely to NPIs. A more plausible explanation for the disappearance of flu cases lies in the diagnostic focus on SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. Individuals presenting with flu-like symptoms were overwhelmingly diagnosed for COVID-19 with faulty PCR testing methods rather than influenza, as public health resources were directed toward managing the pandemic. This prioritization inevitably led to a significant underreporting of flu cases. Furthermore, the symptoms of influenza and COVID-19 overlap significantly, including fever, cough, and fatigue. In the absence of influenza testing, many flu cases were wrongly diagnosed as COVID-19, further inflating SARS-CoV-2 case numbers while contributing to the perceived disappearance of the flu.  One of the more controversial findings in recent flu vaccine research involves the phenomenon of viral interference, wherein vaccinated individuals may become more susceptible to other respiratory pathogens. To date there is only one gold standard clinical trial with the flu vaccine that compares vaccinated vs. unvaccinated, and it is not good news for the CDC, the vaccine makers, and the push to booster everyone with the Covid-19 mRNA vaccines. This Hong Kong funded double-blind placebo controlled study followed the health conditions of vaccinated and unvaccinated children between the ages of 6-15 years for 272 days. The trial concluded the flu vaccine holds no health benefits. In fact, those vaccinated with the flu virus were observed to have a 550% higher risk of contracting non-flu virus respiratory infections. Among the vaccinated children, there were 116 flu cases compared to 88 among the unvaccinated; there were 487 other non-influenza virus infections, including coronavirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie, and others, among the vaccinated versus 88 with the unvaccinated.[10]  This single study alone poses a scientifically sound warning and rationale to avoid flu vaccines at all costs. It raises a further question: how many Covid-19 cases could be directly attributed to weakened immune systems because of prior flu vaccination? A 2019 study conducted by the US Armed Forces investigated the relationship between influenza vaccination and susceptibility to other respiratory infections, including coronaviruses. Analyzing data from over 9,000 individuals, the researchers found that people who received the flu vaccine were more likely to test positive for certain non-influenza respiratory viruses. Notably, influenza vaccination was associated with an increased likelihood of contracting coronaviruses and human metapneumovirus.[11] These findings suggest a complex interaction between influenza vaccination and susceptibility to different respiratory pathogens, and challenges the belief that flu vaccines provide greater benefits over risks. The same researchers' follow up study in in 2020 furthermore concluded that “vaccine derived virus interference was significantly associated with coronavirus and human metapneumovirus.[12] Additional recent studies, such as those by Bodewes, which identified immune interference due to repeated annual flu vaccinations,[13] and Shinjoh, which highlighted increased viral interference in vaccinated children, provide further evidence of this relationship.[14] These findings challenge the prevailing assumption that flu vaccination has only positive effects on immune health and raise important questions about the broader implications of repeated annual vaccination. In a follow up study after the H1N1 swine flu scare, Canadian researcher Dr. Danuta Skowronski noted that individuals with a history of receiving consecutive seasonal flu shots over several years had an increased risk of becoming infected with H1N1 swine flu.  Skowronski commented on the findings, “policy makers have not yet had a chance to fully digest them [the study's conclusions] or understand the implications.”  He continued, “Who knows, frankly? The wise man knows he knows nothing when it comes to influenza, so you always have to be cautious in speculating.”[15] There is strong evidence suggesting that all vaccine clinical trials carried out by manufacturers fall short of demonstrating vaccine efficacy accurately. And when they are shown to be efficacious, it is frequently in the short term and offer only partial or temporary protection. According to an article in the peer-reviewed Journal of Infectious Diseases, the only way to evaluate vaccines is to scrutinize the epidemiological data obtained from real-life conditions. In other words, researchers simply cannot -- or will not -- adequately test a vaccine's effectiveness and immunogenicity prior to its release onto an unsuspecting public.[16] According to Dr. Tom Jefferson, who formerly led the Cochrane Collaboration's vaccine analyses, it makes little sense to keep vaccinating against seasonal influenza based on the evidence.[17] Jefferson has also endorsed more cost-effective and scientifically-proven means of minimizing the transmission of flu, including regular hand washing and wearing masks. There is also substantial peer-reviewed literature supporting the supplementation of Vitamin D.  Dr. Jefferson's conclusions are backed by former Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine scientist Peter Doshi, PhD, in the British Journal of Medicine. In his article Doshi questions the flu vaccine paradigm stating:  “Closer examination of influenza vaccine policies shows that although proponents employ the rhetoric of science, the studies underlying the policy are often of low quality, and do not substantiate officials' claims. The vaccine might be less beneficial and less safe than has been claimed, and the threat of influenza appears overstated.”[18]         A significant body of research proves that receiving the flu shot does not reduce mortality among seniors.[19] One particularly compelling study was carried out by scientists at the federal National Institutes of Health (NIH) and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Not only did the study indicate that the flu vaccine did nothing to prevent deaths from influenza among seniors, but that flu mortality rates increased as a greater percentage of seniors received the shot.[20] Dr. Sherri Tenpenny reviewed the Cochrane Database reviews on the flu vaccine's efficacy. In a review of 51 studies involving over 294,000 children, there was “no evidence that injecting children 6-24 months of age with a flu shot was any more effective than placebo. In children over 2 years of age, flu vaccine effectiveness was 33 percent of the time preventing flu. In children with asthma, inactivated flu vaccines did not prevent influenza related hospitalizations in children. The database shows that children who received the flu vaccine were at a higher risk of hospitalization than children who did not receive the vaccine.[21]  In a separate study involving 400 asthmatic children receiving a flu vaccine and 400 who were not immunized, there was no difference in the number of clinic and emergency room visits and hospitalizations between the two groups.[22]  In 64 studies involving 66,000 adults, “Vaccination of healthy adults only reduced risk of influenza by 6 percent and reduced the number of missed work days by less than one day. There was a change in the number of hospitalizations compared to the non-vaccinated. In further studies of elderly adults residing in nursing homes over the course of several flu seasons, flu vaccinations were insignificant for preventing infection.[23] Today, the most extreme wing of the pro-vaccine community continue to diligently pursue mandatory vaccination across all 50 states.  During the flu season, the debate over mandatory vaccination becomes most heated as medical facilities and government departments attempt to threaten employees and schools who refuse vaccination. Although this is deeply worrisome to those who advocate their Constitutional rights to freedom of choice in their healthcare, there are respectable groups opposing mandatory flu shots.  The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons “objects strenuously to any coercion of healthcare personnel to receive influenza immunization. It is a fundamental human right not to be subjected to medical interventions without fully informed consent.”  The good news is that the majority of Americans have lost confidence in the CDC after the agency's dismal handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. Positive endorsement of the CDC would plummet further if the public knew the full extent of CDC officials lying to Congress and their conspiracy to commit medical fraud for two decades to cover=up evidence of an autism-vaccine association.  When considering the totality of evidence, the benefit-risk ratio of flu vaccination becomes increasingly problematic. The poor and inconsistent efficacy rates, combined with the potential for serious adverse reactions and the phenomenon of viral interference, clearly indicates that the vaccine does not deliver the public health benefits it promises. Public health strategies must balance the benefits of vaccination against its risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women.  Imagine the tens of thousands of children and families who would have been saved from life-long neurological damage and immeasurable suffering if the CDC was not indebted to protecting the pharmaceutical industry's toxic products and was in fact serving Americans' health and well-being? One step that can be taken to begin dismantling the marriage between the federal health agencies and drug companies is to simply refuse the flu vaccine and protect ourselves by adopting a healthier lifestyle during the flu season.    NOTES [1] http://yournewswire.com/boy-awarded-174000-after-flu-vaccine-causes-permanent-brain-damage/  [2]  http://www.globalresearch.ca/finnish-scientists-identify-link-between-glaxosmithklines-swine-flu-vaccine-pandemrix-and-narcolepsy/5423154 [3] http://sharylattkisson.com/woman-paralyzed-after-flu-shot-receives-11-million-for-treatment/ [4]  http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/12/3/flu-vaccine-ineffective.html  [5]Skowronski DM, Leir S, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness by A (H3N2) phylogenetic subcluster and prior vaccination history: 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 epidemics in Canada. J Infectious Diseases, 2021; 225(8), 1387–1397. [6] Belongia EA, Skowronski DM, et al. Repeated annual influenza vaccination and vaccine effectiveness: review of evidence. Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023; 16(7), 743–759. [7]  Barbara Lo Fisher, The Emerging Risks of Live Virus and Virus Vectored Vaccines.  National Vaccine Information Center, 2014  [8]  http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM294307.pdf  [9] Barbara Lo Fisher, “CDC Admits Flu Shots Fail Half the Time.”  NVIC, October 19, 2016 [10] http://gaia-health.com/gaia-blog/2013-06-02/flu-vax-causes-5-5-times-more-respiratory-infections/  [11] Wolff GG. Influenza vaccination and respiratory virus interference among Department of Defense personnel during the 2017–2018 influenza season. Vaccine. 2019 Oct 10;38(2):350–354.   [12] Wolff GG. (2020). Influenza vaccination and respiratory virus interference among Department of Defense personnel. Vaccine, 2020 38(2), 350-354.  [13] Bodwes F, Janssens Y, et al. The role of cell-mediated immunity against influenza and its implications for vaccine evaluation. Frontiers in Immunology, 2021 13, 959379. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959379  [14] Sinojoh M, Sugaya N, et al. Effectiveness of inactivated influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in hospitalized children in the 2022/23 season in Japan: The first season of co-circulation of influenza and COVID-19. Vaccine, 2022; 41(1), 100-107.  [15]  http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/flu-shot-linked-to-higher-incidence-of-flu-in-pandemic-year-1.1287363 [16]   Weinberg GA, Szilagyi PG. Vaccine Epidemiology: Efficacy, Effectiveness, and the Translational Research Roadmap. J Infect Dis 20210;201.1: 1607-610.  [17] ‘A Whole Industry Is Waiting For A Pandemic', Der Spiegel, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,637119-2,00.html, [18] Dolshi P. "Influenza: Marketing Vaccine by Marketing Disease." BMJ 2013;346: F3037.  [19] Simonsen L, Reichert T, et al. . Impact of Influenza Vaccination on Seasonal Mortality in the US Elderly Population. Arch Intern Med Archives 2005;165(3): 265.  [20] Glezen WP, Simonsen L. Commentary: Benefits of Influenza Vaccine in US Elderly--new Studies Raise Questions. Internat J Epidemiology2006;35(2): 352-53. [21] 105th International Conference of the American Thoracic Sociey, May 15-20, 2009 (quoted in , Sherri Tenpenny.  “The Truth about Flu Shots”.  Idaho Observer, June 1, 2009)  [22] ibid  [23] Ibid.

L'Italia torna a discutere di migranti: due decisioni di due tribunali - uno che dichiara l'Egitto paese non sicuro e un altro che rinvia il decreto alla corte di giustizia europea fanno sì che il Governo riapra la polemica coi giudici. Ne discutiamo con Giulio Salerno, ordinario di Istituzioni di diritto pubblico all'Università di Macerata.E' arrivata anche in diverse Regioni italiane l'influenza A-H3N2, detta australiana. Preoccupano, accanto ai sintomi classici, le manifestazioni neurologiche del virus. La vaccinazione, che in Italia resta bassa, è efficace per attenuarne i sintomi. Ne parliamo con Fabrizio Pregliasco, direttore della Scuola di specializzazione in Igiene e medicina preventiva dell'Università degli Studi di Milano e direttore Sanitario dell IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio.

Con l'arrivo della stagione invernale, il virus H3N2, noto come "australiano", si prepara ad arrivare nel nostro Paese. Facciamo il punto della situazione con il professor Marco Falcone, ordinario di malattie infettive all’Università di Pisa e segretario della Simit, Società Italiana di Malattie Infettive e tropicali

The industry has managed different strains of influenza for a long time, specifically H3N2 and H1N1. Influenza A (H5N1) is not in the U.S. swine herd, although it has been recently detected in livestock and humans.  Dr. Heather Fowler, director of producer and public health at the National Pork Board, talks about symptoms to watch for.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

TWiV reviews measles in Kenya, a trial for a intranasal COVID vaccine, dengue in the Florida Keys and in Central/South America, Spain connecting government with scientists, T cell activation and viral RNA fragments persist for up to 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases elicited by A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Alan Dove Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Measles in Kenya (WHO) Intranasal COVID vaccine trial (NIH) Dengue in Florida Keys (Florida Health) Dengue rising in Central/South America (NPR) Spain to connect scientists with government (Science) Persistence of T cells and viral RNA after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Sci Transl Med) Influenza pandemics induce cross-reactive antibodies against avian N2 (Nat Comm) Letters read on TWiV 1129 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Alan – The first few minutes of this video by Roger Barnes Vincent – Billy & Molly: An Otter Love Story Listener Picks Fernando – A City on Mars Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

NanoViricides CEO Dr Anil Diwan joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share promising news about the company's ultra-broad-spectrum antiviral, NV-387. The antiviral was found to be effective in protecting lungs from damage in a lethally infected Influenza A H3N2 mouse model. Dr. Diwan explained that the lung protection provided by NV-387 is particularly important, as severe cases of respiratory viral infections, which often lead to hospitalization and fatalities, typically involve extensive lung damage. In the study, NV-387 oral treatment resulted in only about 31% lung infiltration by immune system cells, while NV-387 intravenous treatment showed an even lower infiltration rate of about 22%. In comparison, the lungs of infected untreated animals exhibited a high infiltration rate of 68%. These findings indicate that NV-387 significantly protects the lungs of Balb/c mice lethally infected with the Influenza A H3N2 virus. Moreover, NV-387 treatment resulted in a significantly greater survival improvement compared to three approved influenza drugs. This remarkable outcome highlights the potential of NV-387 as a powerful therapeutic option for treating severe influenza infections and possibly other respiratory viral infections. Further, in this study, NV-387 was also found to protect the lungs of the infected animals from viral damage as well as immune system damage, supporting a strong antiviral effect. These results have arrived just as the bird flu H5N1 threat potential has increased significantly due to its spread into several mammalian species. While dairy cattle have suffered relatively mild infections, some other mammals, particularly cats on farms, have died of brain infection with this virus. Only four human cases have occurred so far, with one person dying in Mexico, while the three other cases, all in the USA, have recovered. This highlights the urgency and potential impact of NV-387 in addressing not only current viral threats but also emerging ones, making it a critical development in the field of antiviral therapies. #proactiveinvestors #nanoviricidesinc #nyseamerican #nnvc #biotec #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

NanoViricides CEO Dr Anil Diwan joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news to discuss the significant antiviral capabilities of NV-387. The company reports that NV-387 exhibits ultra-broad antiviral activity. NV-387's spectrum extends beyond combating COVID-19 and corona viruses to RSV and Influenza A viruses, including potentially the Bird Flu H5N1 virus. In comparative studies against approved anti-influenza drugs—Oseltamivir, Peramivir, and Baloxivir—NV-387 demonstrated superior antiviral effects. In a lethal lung infection model with the H3N2 strain, NV-387 treated mice showed a remarkable survival rate, significantly outperforming the traditional treatments and highlighting its potential as a more effective antiviral agent. NV-387 has also shown ffectiveness against the orthopoxvirus family through both inhalation and skin abrasion modes of infection acquisition. Notably, Ectromelia virus infection in mice, which is a model for Smallpox in humans and serves as a surrogate for MPox infection, has been successfully countered by NV-387. In a lethal animal model of lung infection by Ectromelia virus, oral administration of NV-387 significantly increased the lifespan of mice, showing comparable results to those treated with tecovirimat, the approved Smallpox drug. This positions NV-387 as a strong clinical candidate for treating poxvirus infections under the US FDA "Animal Rule." Additionally, combining NV-387 with tecovirimat may further enhance its effectiveness by reducing the potential for resistance development. This array of successful outcomes underscores NanoViricides' commitment to advancing antiviral therapy and enhancing public health defenses against a range of viral threats. #proactiveinvestors #nanoviricidesinc #nyseamerican #nnvc #biotec #DrAnilDiwan, #antiviral, #ENV387, #Phase1Trials, #Phase2Trials, #RSV, #coronavirus, #influenza, #smallpox, #clinicaltrials, #drugdevelopment, #healthcare, #medicalresearch, #pandemic, #FDA, #regulatoryapproval, #Tamiflu, #biopharma, #virology#invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

No próximo sábado (13) acontece o Dia D da campanha de vacinação contra a gripe em Lauro Müller. A iniciativa busca incentivar a população a atualizar a caderneta de vacinação, com atendimento em período alternativo ao praticado durante a semana nas salas de vacinas. A ação organizada pela secretaria municipal de Saúde irá realizar a vacinação das 8h às 17h, sem fechar ao meio-dia, em três unidades: Centro, Guatá e Barro Branco. O foco da Campanha é a imunização dos grupos prioritários com a vacina que protege contra os três subtipos do vírus mais circulantes no momento: influenza A (H1N1); influenza A (H3N2) e influenza B. Contudo, pessoas que precisam atualizar a sua caderneta com outros imunizantes também poderão ser atendidas no Dia D. Para receber as doses, é necessário apresentar um documento de identidade, caderneta de vacinação e comprovante de pertencimento ao grupo prioritário (em caso de vacinação contra a gripe influenza). Os grupos prioritários definidos pelo Ministério da Saúde que estão aptos a receber a vacina contra a gripe são: Idosos com 60 anos; Trabalhadores da saúde; Crianças (6 meses a 5 anos 11 meses e 29 dias) Gestantes, Puérperas, Professores, Comorbidades, Pessoas com deficiência permanente, Caminhoneiros, Trabalhadores de Transporte Coletivo Rodoviário Passageiros Urbano e de Longo Curso, Trabalhadores Portuários, Forças de Segurança e Salvamento, Forças Armadas, Funcionários do Sistema de Privação de Liberdade, População privada de liberdade e adolescentes e jovens em medidas socioeducativas. Durante entrevista ao Cruz de Malta Notícias desta quinta-feira (11), a técnica em enfermagem da vigilância epidemiológica, Lúcia Ascari Laipelt Vargas, contou como estão os preparativos para o DIA D, em Lauro Müller.

A secretaria de Saúde de Lauro Müller deu início nesta segunda-feira (25), a Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra a Influenza (gripe), nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs). A primeira etapa abrange os grupos prioritários. De acordo com a enfermeira do setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Liliane Antunes, 6.254 pessoas pertencem ao grupo prioritário e podem receber a dose da vacina no município. A meta é atingir, pelo menos, 90% do público-alvo. A dose do imunizante está disponível nas Unidades de Saúde, de segunda a sexta-feira, das 8h30 às 12h e das 13h às 16h30. No sábado, dia 30, a secretaria vai aproveitar o evento de páscoa e disponibilizar a vacina na praça Henrique Lage das 9h às 11h30. A vacina contra a gripe oferecida na rede pública de saúde é a trivalente. Ela protege contra os principais vírus influenza em circulação no Brasil, que são: influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2) e vírus influenza B. Ouça abaixo a íntegra da entrevista:

A mystery dog illness that spread across the U.S. last year and can lead to serious or fatal respiratory problems is still under investigation, but cases are starting to slow, experts say. The illness, which started to spread more widely in the summer and fall of 2023, causes coughing, sneezing and fatigue, among other symptoms, and can progress quickly to pneumonia. The dogs suspected to have it test negative for all of the typical causes of respiratory symptoms and often don't respond to treatment. In a statement to TODAY.com, the American Veterinary Medical Association says that based on "conversations with various sources ... the number of cases are declining," adding that an "ebb and flow" of respiratory illness in dogs over the course of the year is common, similar to cold and flu season in humans. The statement also explains that the U.S. Department of Agriculture has so far not seen that the rise in respiratory illness in dogs is linked to a new virus or bacteria. A statement from the Animal and Plant Inspection Service, part of the USDA, confirms to TODAY.com that the state-led testing that the agency is helping coordinate "has not indicated the presence of a novel pathogen or single infectious cause among these cases." Numerous veterinary diagnostic labs across the country are investigating the outbreak, from Oregon to Kansas to New Hampshire. The APHIS spokesperson adds that the illness is not regulated by APHIS and therefore the branch doesn't have data on case numbers. The Oregon Veterinary Medical Association also shared in an Feb. 14, 2024, update that "cases seem to be waning, if not back to normal," citing veterinarian Dr. Scott Weese's Worms and Germs blog. At last count, at least 19 states had reported cases of the illness, according to various expert groups. The AVMA explained in an earlier statement that the mystery dog illness is difficult to track because there's no national surveillance system. In November 2023, veterinarians in critical care settings told TODAY.com that they'd seen dozens of cases since the fall. Late last year, multiple groups — including the Colorado and Oregon departments of agriculture, the AVMA, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health — issued warnings about the mystery illness in dogs. “We don't know what is causing this situation, where dogs are presenting at veterinarians with what private veterinarians would call kennel cough,” Rhode Island's state veterinarian Dr. Scott Marshall told NBC affiliate WJAR. “What's different about this situation is that dogs are presenting with little bit more severe signs, not responding to usual treatments, and unfortunately had a small number, still a number, of dogs that have succumbed to them.” “It seems to happen very, very quickly — to go from this cough that's just won't go away ... and then all of a sudden they develop this pneumonia,” Dr. Lindsey Ganzer, veterinarian and CEO at North Springs Veterinary Referral Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado, told TODAY.com. She said she treated over a dozen dogs with what she believes is the condition between October and November 2023. If your dog develops a cough, do not panic, the AVMA advises. But stay vigilant about its progression and your pet's overall health, and contact your vet right away if anything seems off. What is the mystery dog illness? Dogs with this mystery illness usually have coughing, sneezing, eye or nose discharge, are abnormally tired, and do not test positive for any common causes of canine respiratory illness, the Oregon Department of Agriculture noted in a Nov. 9 press release. Typically, dogs with respiratory illnesses have a cough for seven to 10 days, but some vets saw an uptick in dogs with coughs lasting weeks to months that don't respond to treatment, the Colorado Department of Agriculture said in a Nov. 22 statement. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this mystery illness outbreak was the high number of dogs who developed pneumonia. One Colorado vet, Dr. Michael Lappin, director of the Center for Companion Animal Studies at the Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine, told NBC News the number of canine pneumonia cases in the state rose by 50% between September and November 2023 compared to 2022. Marshall estimated that Rhode Island saw at least 35 cases of the mystery respiratory illness, but it's hard to know exactly how many because not all cases are reported. Dogs are most likely to contract it by being in close contact with numerous other dogs — so places like doggy day care, dog parks, groomers or boarding kennels, Ganzer said. The illness seems to affect dogs regardless of age, size or breed, though dogs with snort snouts, like bulldogs and pugs, may be at higher risk. Between mid-August and mid-November, the Oregon Department of Agriculture received reports of over 200 cases of the illness from veterinarians in the state but has had no additional cases to report since. A Dec. 1 statement from the Washington Department of Agriculture said the state has received 16 reports of unusual canine respiratory disease. Two cases were confirmed as such. The Colorado Department of Agriculture also shared in November that veterinarians in the state were seeing "double the number of cases than what is typically seen during a canine infectious respiratory disease outbreak."   The Wisconsin State Journal reported that between late October and December, clinics around the state saw six to 12 cases each, according to Dr. Keith Poulsen, director of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at University of Wisconin-Madison. Dr. Amanda Cavanagh, head of urgent care services at Colorado State University James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in Fort Collins, Colorado, told TODAY.com that this past summer she started seeing cases of dogs with coughs lasting several weeks or longer, and the trend continued into the fall. She estimated her caseload of coughing dogs doubled from October to November. While dogs with a contagious cough are common in veterinary settings, Cavanagh noted that she normally sees cases decrease in the fall as temperatures drop and fewer dogs are gathering at parks. "But this year, the spike has stayed high," she explains. In its original press release, the Oregon Department of Agriculture noted that the illness can progress in three ways: Mild to moderate cough for six to eight weeks or longer that either doesn't respond to antibiotics or only responds a little Chronic pneumonia that doesn't respond to antibiotics Severe pneumonia that "often leads to poor outcomes in as little as 24 to 36 hours" Cavanagh witnessed all three scenarios play out at her hospital. Last fall, she said she saw more dogs than usual with a long-lasting upper respiratory infection who then developed pneumonia from a secondary bacterial infection. Of the dogs she treated, she said most who developed pneumonia responded to antibiotics, and many with the long-lasting cough recovered with time and never got pneumonia. But of those who developed the severe pneumonia, some died or had to be euthanized. "That really bad pneumonia, historically, is very, very rare. Maybe I would see one case a year," but last fall alone, Cavanagh saw a "handful," she said. How many dogs have died from the mystery illness? Because most states are not tracking case numbers, it's not known exactly how many dogs have died from the illness. The Oregon Department of Agriculture tells TODAY.com that it does not know how many dogs have died from the illness in the state. However, it is confirmed that some dogs in the U.S. have died from the mystery illness. The Colorado Department of Agriculture said in a statement that "in rare cases, the canine patients progress quickly from pneumonia to death." Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences also said the illness has resulted in "some fatalities." Ganzer and Cavanagh both have had several canine patients die from what they believe to be the condition. Rhode Island Veterinary Medical Association President Shelly Pancoast told WJAR that she's seen five to 10 dogs die from the mystery illness. “We still don't have a great handle on how exactly we should be treating these dogs,” Pancoast said. “A vast majority of them are making full recovery, it's just unlike anything we've seen in previous years with kennel cough." What states have the mystery dog illness? According to various expert groups, cases that match the description of the mystery dog illness have been reported, officially or anecdotally, in: Colorado California Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire Nevada Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Vermont Washington Wisconsin This above list of states comes from the AVMA, the Tennessee Veterinary Medical Association, the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine and the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mystery dog illness 2023 symptoms Symptoms of the mystery dog illness include: Coughing that doesn't get better on its own after a week or so Sneezing Nasal or eye discharge Red eyes Lethargy Trouble breathing, especially from the stomach Blue or purple gums (due to not getting enough oxygen) Related: What does coughing in a dog sound like? Vet explains in viral video Signs of coughing in dogs For many dog owners, the signs of coughing can be difficult to recognize, Dr. Michele Forbes, Dr. Michele Forbes, owner of Compassionate Care Hospital in Ann Arbor, Michigan, says. "Rarely do (dog owners) identify a cough until it becomes an overt problem and it's clearly coming from the chest,” Forbes explained in a now-viral TikTok. As a result of owners not noticing coughing or confusing it for something else, like throat-clearing or gagging, some dogs are arriving at vet facilities in more advanced stages of the condition, which can make it more difficult to treat, Forbes told TODAY.com. Some tips to help identify signs of coughing in dogs: The sound dogs make when they're choking can be confused for coughing. Some dogs sound like they're honking, kind of like a goose. Coughing can also sound like the dog is gagging or clearing its throat. The chest may heave or the abdomen may move while the dog is coughing. For some dogs, it looks like they're trying to cough up a hair ball and they may produce some liquid. A wet cough may produce a gargling sound. If a dog is coughing a lot, they may end up vomiting, which dog owners often confuse for a gastrointestinal issue. Reverse-sneezing can be confused for coughing but it's not usually a reason to call the vet unless it's paired with actual coughing, nasal discharge or any other concerning symptoms. When to see the vet for the mystery dog illness Other signs that your dog should see the vet, per the AVMA, include: Lingering cough Weakness Loss of appetite Difficulty breathing Worsening of illness Cough that is sufficiently severe that it causes the dog to vomit or makes it hard for the animal to breathe Tips to prevent mystery dog illness from vets Dogs are most likely to contract the illness when in close contact with other dogs, so previous guidance was to keep dogs away from other dogs. But case rates have essentially returned to normal, Weese noted in his blog. To keep your dog safe and healthy overall, the AVMA recommends keeping up to date with vaccinations. "While the existing vaccines may not specifically target this unknown infection, maintaining overall health through routine vaccinations can help support a dog's immune system in combating various infections," it said. The AVMA stressed the following vaccines: Bordetella, Adenovirus type 2, and parainfluenza combined with the injectable influenza H3N2 vaccine. Be sure to give your dog two weeks after vaccination before interacting with other dogs so they can build up immunity. If your dog is sick, consult a vet as soon as possible, as early testing can help with treatment, and keep the dog away from other dogs to avoid spreading the illness, experts advise. While it's unlikely a humans can get sick with the respiratory illness, because the cause is still unknown, the AVMA suggests thoroughly washing hands after handling any dogs. Caroline Kee contributed reporting.

Canine Influenza Outbreak and How to Manage It with Dr. Marty Greer Dr. Marty Greer, DVM joins host Laura Reeves to discuss the current Canine Influenza outbreak, how to manage it and how it became an overnight sensation in the public. “Well, partially it's media, partially it's misinformation, courtesy of the media,” Greer said. “And partially there was a lack of vaccine. The vaccine insufficient supply appears to have been corrected or is being corrected. “So, things are better. In 2004 when this first happened, we didn't have any vaccine and no dogs in any part of the world that we know had immunity to this. So Ron Schultz,the vaccine guru from University of Wisconsin, made a recommendation that all dogs should be vaccinated against this, that it should be considered a core vaccine because no dogs had natural immunity. “It was like when Parvo happened in the late 70s and early 80s came out of nowhere, there was no immunity and bada bing bada boom we've got dogs that are desperately sick and dying. “Influenza is a respiratory disease and it is classified in the CIRD, the canine infectious respiratory disease complex. So a lot of times that's either called CIRD or it's called kennel cough. There's a whole bucket of stuff that falls in the kennel cough bucket and it's not necessarily a diagnosis. It's a description. It's a collection of disorders, diseases, but it's not necessarily a diagnosis. “So we have had outbreaks of canine influenza (before). The first known outbreak was in 2004 in a colony of Greyhounds, I believe in Florida, and they think it was a mutation from the equine version of influenza. “And that was H3N8. There's now also an H3N2 that we have identified and can vaccinate against. “Like all respiratory diseases, it causes a cough, but in this particular case, influenza can cause disease severe enough to cause hemorrhagic pneumonia and the death of patients. And there have been patients that have died in this last outbreak that occurred this fall (at the Golden Retriever national in Albany, Oregon). “It had to get to the Golden Retriever National somehow. It's not like the Golden Retriever group invented it, just drummed up a new virus, but it appears that it reared its ugly head there. There were a number of dogs that were there that then went back to all over the U.S. “So, they were East Coast, Midwest, everywhere. And these dogs were coming back with respiratory disease and it was easy to just say, ‘Uh, it's kennel cough, here's some medication, you'll be fine.' But one of my associates was involved with some of the Golden Retrievers that were at that show and I was in surgery the day she walked in and said, ‘You know, we've got these dogs that are coming back from the Golden National with a pretty bad cough.' And I don't know why but the hair kind of stood up on the back of my neck and I said, ‘We need to get these dogs tested for what kind of virus or bacteria we have.' “There was just something about, I don't know if it was her tone of voice or the number of dogs that were involved. There's something about that conversation that just said to me, 'We have problems.' “So, we swabbed the most recently started to cough dogs. We didn't want a dog that had already been coughing for a week by the time we did the sample collection and submitted that to our local diagnostic lab at the same time that a number of other people were submitting samples. “We weren't the only ones by any stretch of the imagination that felt we need a diagnosis on this. So, at our diagnostic lab in Wisconsin, they came back with influenza A. At some of the other diagnostic labs, they came back with influenza H3N2, I believe. Not that it makes that much of a difference if it's H3N2 or H3N8. It's influenza anyway. So, there were multiple labs with multiple dogs that had all been at the same event. “They were coming up with the same answer. And so, when I walked up to my front desk last...

Com o objetivo de aumentar a cobertura vacinal em Lauro Müller, acontece neste sábado (6), o Dia “D” de vacinação contra a Influenza (gripe). A ação será realizada nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Centro, Guatá e Barro Branco, das 8h às 12h. A data foi sugerida aos municípios pela Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica (DIVE), da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SES), considerando que este ano o Ministério da Saúde (MS) não estipulou um dia específico. A meta da Campanha Nacional de Vacinação é atingir 90% do público-alvo. Em Lauro Müller a taxa de cobertura vacinal está em aproximadamente 22%. O alerta fica no grupo das crianças que tem apenas 8% vacinados. A vacina oferecida este ano é a trivalente e protege contra três subtipos do vírus influenza: H1N1, H3N2 e influenza B. Ela pode ser aplicada junto com outras vacinas do Calendário Nacional de Vacinação, inclusive a da covid-19. Os grupos prioritários da campanha contra a gripe são: crianças de seis meses de idade a menores de seis anos, trabalhadores da saúde, gestantes, puérperas, professores do ensino básico e superior, povos indígenas, idosos com 60 anos de idade ou mais, profissionais das forças de segurança e salvamento, profissionais das forças armadas, pessoas com deficiência permanente, caminhoneiros, trabalhadores de transporte coletivo rodoviário para passageiros urbanos e de longo curso, trabalhadores portuários, população privada de liberdade, e adolescentes e jovens de 12 a 21 anos sob medidas socioeducativas. Durante entrevista ao Cruz de Malta Notícias desta sexta-feira, a enfermeira responsável pela Vigilância Epidemiológica, Liliane Antunes, reforçou a importância da vacinação contra a gripe e reforçou o convite para que a população que faz parte do grupo prioritário aproveite o Dia D. Ouça abaixo a íntegra da entrevista:

PANASONIC is making some demands on YOUR OKLAHOMA LEADERS to simply take care of their communities! MY GHETTO BLASTER MAKER HAD TO TELL THESE BOYS TO STAND UPRIGHT!Oklahoma Leaders threaten the lives of local reporters!STAN THE JOKEMAN'S MESSAGE TO OKLAHOMA LEADERS!!!!That shitty play Phantom of the whatever the hell finally ended! I HAVE AN IDEA FOR A PART II version of 'the Opera'!!!Keanu Reeves DAMNED NEAR NAILED HIS GIRLFRIEND PUBLICLY THE OTHER NIGHT!!! who kisses with their eyes open anyway?Kissing etiquette tips for the VIPERS!!!!!!!Jamie Foxx is recovering after a mystery health scare!Celebrity Body Swapping!ATTENTION PET OWNERS IN OKLAHOMA!!!!!!!! CANINE FLU IS BACK BAD!!!Journey flashback to 1983

यूपी गैंगस्टर अतीक अहमद और उसके भाई अशरफ को आज सुबह 11 बजे प्रयागराज के MP-MLA कोर्ट में पेश किया जाएगा, CAA प्रोटेस्ट को लेकर 2019 में हुए जामिया हिंसा मामले में आज दिल्ली हाई कोर्ट फैसला सुनाएगी, पड़ोसी देश नेपाल ने भी 'वारिस पंजाब दे' संगठन के मुखिया अमृतपाल सिंह को सर्विलांस लिस्ट में डाल दिया है, हिमाचल प्रदेश में H3N2 इन्फ्लूएंजा वायरस का पहला केस सामने आया है. मीडिया रिपोर्ट्स के मुताबिक कांगड़ा जिले में ढाई महीने की बच्ची में वायरस की पुष्टि हुई है, अमेरिका के टेनेसी प्रांत के नैशविल में एक स्कूल में हुई गोलीबारी में तीन बच्चों समेत छह लोगों की मौत हो गई है.गोलीबारी में मारे गए बच्चों की उम्र 9 साल है, वर्ल्ड बैंक ने अपनी रिपोर्ट में कहा है कि ग्लोबल इकोनॉमी की रफ्तार साल 2030 तक तीन दशक में सबसे कम रह सकती है, आसमान में आज रात को एक साथ 5 ग्रह दिखाई देंगे. शाम को 7.30 बजे के बाद से मंगल, बुध, बृहस्पति, शुक्र और अरुण चांद के पास दिखाई देने लगेंगे, सुनिए सुबह 10 बजे का 5 मिनट पॉडकास्ट.

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दिल्ली शराब नीति मामले में तेलंगाना के मुख्यमंत्री KCR की बेटी के कविता से ED आज दोबारा पूछताछ करेगी, संसद में चल रहे बजट सत्र के सेकेंड फेज का आज चौथा दिन है, कांग्रेस सांसद राहुल गांधी आज संसद में भाग लेंगे और उनके लंदन में दिए गए भाषण को लेकर उठे विवाद के बारे में मीडिया से बात करने की संभावना है, कांग्रेस सांसद मनीष तिवारी फ्रीडम ऑफ स्पीच पर चर्चा की मांग को लेकर लोकसभा में आज स्थगन प्रस्ताव रखेंगे, देश में H3N2 वायरस से अब तक 9 लोगों की मौत हो गई है, वायरस के खतरे को देखते हुए मुख्यमंत्री एकनाथ शिंदे आज स्वास्थ्य अधिकारियों के साथ मीटिंग करेंगे, भारत ने शंघाई सहयोग संगठन की बैठक में हिस्सा लेने के लिए पाकिस्तान समेत अन्य सदस्य देशों के रक्षा मंत्रियों को निमंत्रण भेजा है, नेपाल के प्रधानमंत्री पुष्प कमल दहल प्रचंड ऑफिशियल ट्विटर हैंडल आज सुबह हैक कर लिया गया, न्यूजीलैंड के केरमाडेक द्वीप समूह में आज भूकंप के 7.1 तीव्रता के झटके महसूस किये गये, सुनिए सुबह 10 बजे का 5 मिनट पॉडकास्ट.

“My arrest part of London plan”, says Imran Khan, Silicon Valley Bank crisis: Fed faces flak for ‘missing' warning signs, H3N2, influenza B Victoria strains driving flu surge and other top news in this bulletin.

In this latest Hindi bulletin: Resources minister Madeline King said developing a supply chain of critical minerals from Australia to India will strengthen the bond between the two countries; In India, H3N2 cases on the rise, central government releases advisory; Fourth and last test match between Australia and India headed for a draw and more.

बातम्या सविस्तर ऐकण्यासाठी क्लिक करा....सकाळच्या पॉडकास्टला... १. अर्थसंकल्पीय अधिवेशनात शेतकरी आत्महत्यांचा प्रश्न ऐरणीवर  २. व्हायरल वेळापत्रकाचा दहावीच्या विद्यार्थ्यांना फटका ३. जी-२०मुळे नागपूरात भिकाऱ्यांवर संक्रांत ४. BSF मध्ये १० टक्के आरक्षण, वयोमर्यादेतही सूट; अग्निवीरांसाठी सरकारची  घोषणा ५. मुश्रीफांच्या आरोपांनंतर उच्च न्यायालयाचा मोठा निर्णय, सोमय्यांच्या चौकशीचे निर्देश ६. युक्रेनचे राष्ट्रपती झेलेंस्कींना ऑस्कर अकादमीचा दिला मोठा झटका.. ७. भारतीय कुस्ती संघटनेला दिल्ली उच्च न्यायालयाकडून दणका! ८. देशात H3N2 या विषाणूचा वाढता धोका. रिसर्च अँड स्क्रिप्ट - स्वाती केतकर-पंडित.

Karnataka reports first H3N2 virus death, PM Modi raises with Australian PM issue of attacks on temples in Australia, Delhi excise ‘scam' case: Court sends AAP leader Manish Sisodia to ED custody till March 17 and other top news in this bulletin.

COVID-19 and the fear around it may have gone away, but over the past few weeks, India has been rocked by cases of fever and intense coughs. People across States have been falling sick, and some have even had to be hospitalised. Last week, the Indian Council of Medical Research said these cases are linked to Influenza A, the H3N2 subtype virus that causes flu. The Council said surveillance data had shown a spike in these cases in India. So what is the H3N2 virus? Who is vulnerable to it and what symptoms can it cause? Is there a vaccine that can be taken?

बातम्या सविस्तर ऐकण्यासाठी क्लिक करा....सकाळच्या पॉडकास्टला... १.'सोन्याच्या चहा'वरुन अजित पवारांनी मुख्यमंत्र्यांना सुनावलं २. अवकाळी पावसामुळे शेतकरी चिंतेत ३.H3N2 विषाणूचा धोका, सर्दी-खोकला, तापाकडे दुर्लक्ष करू नकाच ४. PM मोदींच्या गृहराज्यातील ५६० मच्छीमार पाकच्या तुरुंगात बंद; सरकारनेच दिली माहिती ५. "रंग बरसे " नातवासंगे CM शिंदें रंगले रंगात ! फडणवीसांकडून देखील धुळवड साजरी ! ६.इथेही फ्लॉपच...! अमेरिकेत तिकीट विक्री कमी झाल्याने अक्षय कुमार ची एंटरटेनमेंट टूर झाली रद्द ७. मॅक्स पर्सेलला जेतेपदाचा मान ८. राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघाची तुलना मुस्लिम ब्रदरहूडसोबत, राहुल गांधी  रिसर्च अँड स्क्रिप्ट - स्वाती केतकर-पंडित, निलम पवार 

RATHINAVANI CR90.8-Dr. Farook Abdullah MBBS., (MD), General Physician Health awareness talk by Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 | இரத்தினவானி சமுதாய பண்பலை 90.8CR | இன்ப்ளூயன்சா ஏ வகை வைரஸின் H3N2 திரிபு வைரஸ் விழிப்புணர்வு தகவல் Dr.அ.ப.ஃபரூக் அப்துல்லா பொது நல மருத்துவர் சிவகங்கை மார்ச் 7, 2023 | இன்ப்ளூயன்சா ஏ வகை வைரஸின் H3N2 திரிபு வைரஸ் விழிப்புணர்வு தகவல் | நிகழ்ச்சி தொகுப்பு ஜெ.மகேந்திரன், நிலைய இயக்குனர் இரத்தினவானி சமுதாய பண்பலை 90.8CR. தொடர்புக்கு - 8838078388 | #இன்ப்ளூயன்சாஏவகைவைரஸின் #DrFarookAbdullahMBBS #H3N2 #விழிப்புணர்வு #தினம் #கோயம்புத்தூர் #COVAI #KOVAI #நன்றி #Thanks #RathinavaniFm #இரத்தினவானி #ஜெமகேந்திரன்

#388 When they call it a "stomach bug," don't fall for it - it has intestines written all over it.

The CDC says H3N2, a A strain influenza, is the one circulating the U.S. right now. And it's a nasty one. We've seen it before and typically when it shows up we have a deadlier flu season. The other issue is that flu season arrived earlier than usual and people are already getting hospitalized and we've had one pediatric death in Northeast Ohio. Health experts are urging us to get the flu shot and COVID booster, because with RSV cases on the rise, flu and COVID, we're in for a triple whammy this season. In this episode I talk to Richard Stacklin, Cuyahoga County Board of Health · Epidemiology, Surveillance, & Informatics about what we need to do to protect ourselves.

The CDC says H3N2, a A strain influenza, is the one circulating the U.S. right now. And it's a nasty one. We've seen it before and typically when it shows up we have a deadlier flu season. The other issue is that flu season arrived earlier than usual and people are already getting hospitalized and we've had one pediatric death in Northeast Ohio. Health experts are urging us to get the flu shot and COVID booster, because with RSV cases on the rise, flu and COVID, we're in for a triple whammy this season. In this episode I talk to Richard Stacklin, Cuyahoga County Board of Health · Epidemiology, Surveillance, & Informatics about what we need to do to protect ourselves.

This episode discusses six MMWR reports. The first report examines wastewater testing and detection of poliovirus in New York. The second report describes severe monkeypox in hospitalized patients in the United States. The third report looks at flu-related hospitalizations and vaccination coverage by race and ethnicity in the United States. The fourth report looks at the timing and severity of Chile's most recent flu season and the effectiveness of the flu vaccine against hospitalization with influenza A(H3N2) viruses. The last two reports examine disparities in the outpatient treatment of COVID-19 in the United States.

On today's episode, we discuss the virus, H3H2 Influenza, and what we can do to prevent our pets from contracting it. We hope you enjoy!

•Vuelos afectados debido al banco de neblina en el AIFA•Londres estrenará Pinocho, de Guillermo del Toro•Más información en nuestro podcast

Which glucose-lowering medications work best with metformin? Find out this and more in today's PV Roundup podcast.

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/BuTi67hB7HY   The biomedical researchers at Georgia State University have designed a universal flu vaccine containing less variable proteins from both Influenza A and B virus including the multi-neuraminidase proteins and the universally present M2 ectodomain protein.  This vaccine has, to date, only been tested on mice but it was found to protect them from infection by a slew of diverse influenza viruses that include the influenza A seasonal variants H1N1, H5N1, H3N2, H9N2 and H7N9 as well as the Yamagata and Victoria lineage influenza B viruses.   The next step: testing in ferrets that possess respiratory tracts similar to humans.  Then, no doubt, on to the clinic.   https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010755   #influenza #universalvaccine #influenzaA #influenzaB  

A spike in cases of the H3N2 influenza A virus in provinces including Guangdong and Fujian since mid-May has prompted a medical expert to warn about potential outbreaks elsewhere. Read the article Qi Zhanning, Zhao Jinzhao and Wang Xintong: https://www.caixinglobal.com/2022-07-05/flu-epidemic-sweeps-south-china-as-covid-wanes-101908570.html Narrated by Jenny McKenzie.  

Since mid-May, there has been a spike in cases of the H3N2 influenza A virus in provinces including Guangdong and Fujian, prompting a medical expert to warn about potential outbreaks elsewhere.Read the article Qi Zhanning, Zhao Jinzhao and Wang Xintong: https://www.caixinglobal.com/2022-07-05/flu-epidemic-sweeps-south-china-as-covid-wanes-101908570.htmlNarrated by Jenny McKenzie.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Learn all about the vaccinations your dog receives and why! Today we're talking specifically about "non-core vaccines".  Non-core vaccines are ones that are not required by law and some consider to be "lifestyle vaccines", meaning it depends on your dog's lifestyle if they need these vaccines.  Non-core vaccines (for USA):Parainfluenza – often combined with DHP.Leptospirosis – can be given separate or combined with DHP or DHPP.Bordetella Canine Influenza – 2 strains (H3N2 and H3N8), MiscLyme RattlesnakeCore vaccines are the ones that should be given to all dogs/puppies and are usually require by law. Core Vaccines were covered in episode 102 on April 6 2022FOLLOW WITH A DOG:InstagramTikTokFacebook

On the the second episode of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 4/27/22 – 5/11/22. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode •Acute Hepatitis and Adenovirus Infection Among Children — Alabama, October 2021–February 2022(MMWR) •Case Series of False-Positive HIV Test Results in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: Guidance on How to Avoid and Resolve Diagnostic Dilemmas (J IDSA) •Immunological correlates of prevention of the onset of seasonal H3N2 influenza (JID) •Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022 (MMWR) •Long-term Safety and Immunogenicity of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate in Children and Adults(MMWR) •The Role of C-Reactive Protein as a Triage Tool for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children (J PIDS) •Factors Potentially Contributing to the Contamination of Packaged Leafy Greens Implicated in the Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium During the Summer of 2021 (FDA) •Short-course intravenous antibiotics for young infants with urinary tract infection (Arch Dis Children) •Real-World Comparison of Bezlotoxumab to Standard of Care Therapy for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients at High Risk for Recurrence (Clin Inf Dis) •2021 Focused Update Guidelines on Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Adults (Clin Inf Dis) •Treatment outcomes 24 months after initiating short, all-oral bedaquiline-containing or injectable-containing rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens in South Africa (Lancet) •Use of Novel Strategies to Develop Guidelines for Management of Pyogenic Osteomyelitis in Adults (JAMA) •Persistent MRSA Bacteremia: Resetting the Clock for Optimal Management (Clin Inf Dis) •Frequency and Duration of, and Risk Factors for, Diagnostic Delays Associated with Histoplasmosis (J Fungi) •Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV attending Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie town, North-east Ethiopia (AIDS Res Ther) •Association of zoonotic protozoan parasites with microplastics in seawater and implications for human and wildlife health (Nat Sci Rep) •Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk (Nature and TWiV 898) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Puscast to puscast@microbe.tv

Si el río suena 171 - Patricia del Río entrevista a Guido Pennano y Raúl Urquizo

Medial Intelligence and Crisis Management with James WilsonCrisis. Conflict. Emergency Management Podcast Global perspectives and conversations about international crisis, preparedness, and how to build more resilient societies in a challenging and ever-changing world. As the world moves to reduce risk to global threats, we need to recognize the vulnerabilities, connectivity, and perspectives that drive instability. Join us for international conversations addressing key challenges and risks that undermine our efforts to build more resilient societies. This podcast is brought to you by Capacity Building International (CBI) and sponsored by The International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS). Today we are joined by Dr. James Wilson. James is the CEO and Founder of M2 Medical Intelligence, Inc. Dr. Wilson is a board-certified, practicing pediatrician who specializes in operational health security intelligence, with a focus on the anticipation, detection, and warning of infectious disease crises. He has led the creation of several systems used for the anticipation and detection of infectious disease crises and disasters. Dr. Wilson was the first operations chief of the Department of Homeland Security's National Biosurveillance Integration Center. Dr. Wilson led the private intelligence teams that provided tracking of H5N1 avian influenza as it spread from Asia to Europe and Africa, detection of vaccine drifted H3N2 influenza in 2007 and 2014, warning of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the discovery of the United Nations as the source of the 2010 cholera disaster in Haiti, warning of the COVID pandemic in December 2019, and several investigations of alleged and confirmed laboratory accidents and biological weapon deployments. Dr. Wilson is a strong advocate for effective and accountable global health security intelligence and the need for credible and balanced threat assessments. James Wilson can be reached via such channels: LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesmwilsonv/ (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesmwilsonv/) Email - jwilson@m2medintel.com This podcast is brought to you in partnership between Capacity Building International (CBI) and The International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS). You can join TIEMS today at https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/63c4dc34-aeda-4b1f-b940-78b24ebfa0a4/www.tiems.info (www.tiems.info) and also sign up for the International Emergency Management newsletter by CBI at https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/63c4dc34-aeda-4b1f-b940-78b24ebfa0a4/www.capacitybuildingint.com (www.capacitybuildingint.com). Is there a topic you would like to hear about? Or are you a functional expert and want to be featured on our show? Reach out to us at info at capacitybuildingint.com and let us know!

Medial Intelligence and Crisis Management with James WilsonCrisis. Conflict. Emergency Management Podcast Global perspectives and conversations about international crisis, preparedness, and how to build more resilient societies in a challenging and ever-changing world. As the world moves to reduce risk to global threats, we need to recognize the vulnerabilities, connectivity, and perspectives that drive instability. Join us for international conversations addressing key challenges and risks that undermine our efforts to build more resilient societies. This podcast is brought to you by Capacity Building International (CBI) and sponsored by The International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS). Today we are joined by Dr. James Wilson. James is the CEO and Founder of M2 Medical Intelligence, Inc. Dr. Wilson is a board-certified, practicing pediatrician who specializes in operational health security intelligence, with a focus on the anticipation, detection, and warning of infectious disease crises. He has led the creation of several systems used for the anticipation and detection of infectious disease crises and disasters. Dr. Wilson was the first operations chief of the Department of Homeland Security's National Biosurveillance Integration Center. Dr. Wilson led the private intelligence teams that provided tracking of H5N1 avian influenza as it spread from Asia to Europe and Africa, detection of vaccine drifted H3N2 influenza in 2007 and 2014, warning of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the discovery of the United Nations as the source of the 2010 cholera disaster in Haiti, warning of the COVID pandemic in December 2019, and several investigations of alleged and confirmed laboratory accidents and biological weapon deployments. Dr. Wilson is a strong advocate for effective and accountable global health security intelligence and the need for credible and balanced threat assessments. James Wilson can be reached via such channels: LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesmwilsonv/ (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamesmwilsonv/)   Email - jwilson@m2medintel.com This podcast is brought to you in partnership between Capacity Building International (CBI) and The International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS). You can join TIEMS today at https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/63c4dc34-aeda-4b1f-b940-78b24ebfa0a4/www.tiems.info (www.tiems.info) and also sign up for the International Emergency Management newsletter by CBI at https://my.captivate.fm/dashboard/podcast/63c4dc34-aeda-4b1f-b940-78b24ebfa0a4/www.capacitybuildingint.com (www.capacitybuildingint.com). Is there a topic you would like to hear about? Or are you a functional expert and want to be featured on our show? Reach out to us at info at capacitybuildingint.com and let us know!

TWiV explains why this season's influenza vaccine is not protecting against mild to moderate disease caused by H3N2 virus, and that antibody-dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into monocytes is a major contributor to severe COVID-19. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (MMWR) Properties of a dominant H3N2 variant (bioRxiv) Scott Henley on influenza vaccine growth in eggs (TWiV 480) Fc receptor dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into monocytes (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmed to US Supreme Court Amy – Some threats just keep coming in waves Rich – Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Vincent – Martijn Doolaard Listener Picks Ann – Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines Chris – Isoplexis Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

A epidemia de gripe fora de época e o avanço da Ômicron pelo país podem causar confusão na hora de diferenciar os sintomas. Saiba reconhecer.Veja também: Diferença entre Influenza, gripe e covid-19 | Coronavírus

Sejam bem-vindos ao milésimo quingentésimo décimo nono Spin de Notícias, o seu giro diário de informações científicas... em escala sub-atômica. E nesse Spin de Notícias falaremos sobre.... Medicina e Saúde! *Este episódio, assim como tantos outros projetos vindouros, só foi possível por conta do Patronato do SciCast. Se você quiser mais episódios assim, contribua conosco!*

Debandada na Receita pode desencadear a maior greve de servidores em nove anos. Covid-19 mata 1 criança a cada 2 dias no Brasil, mas ministro da Saúde minimiza vacinação. Ômicron e H3N2 avançam e provocam alta de internações no país.-----Ponto de Partida: E o PT abandona Dilma

Drs. Andrew Heller and Marisa Brunetti continue with their final episode in their 6 part series on the topic of vaccinology. In this episode, Dr. Brunetti breaks down the different brands of vaccines. AAHA Standards: https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/vaccination-canine-configuration/vaccination-canine/ WSAVA Standards: https://wsava.org/global-guidelines/vaccination-guidelines/ Zoetis – Vanguard Line Bivalent CIV crLyme Elanco – Bronchi-Shield, Duramune,, Rabvac (1 and 3) – dogs Fel-o-guard  FVRCP (can also combine with FeLV and Chlamydia) Fel-O-Vax, Rab Vac, - Cats ULTRA ( Hybrid - FVRCP) – Cats 50% less volume Nonadjuvanted ULTRA Fel-o-vax – Cats 50% less volume FVRCP, FeLV, FVRCP+FeLV, Dual FCV (?) UltraNasal (Cats) FVRCP or FVRC BI – (Bought Merial) Recombitek – DA2PP, DA2LPP, Lyme, Oral Bord, Lepto Purevax (rabies, felv, RCPCh) Rabisin/Imrab (No bivalent CIV) Merck – Nobivac Line – Canine (CIV bivalent H3N8, H3N2) and Feline Nobivac EDGE (HALF VOLUME) – Lepto 4, DAPPv, DAPPv+ L4

Clean Life ThoughtsWe are live from Nashville! Head to YouTube to see our travel studioWe are in the middle of flu season - what do we need to do to protect ourselves?Mark talks about the Inject-Safe Barrier Bandage, a self-sealing bandage for injection sites that helps protect the patient and healthcare providerThe bandage is faster and safer - did you know that surgical gloves are not sterile? Everyone's hands go in there!The bandage is a pre-procedure bandage that protects both individuals throughout the entire injection processWhy doesn't the injection hurt for some patients after using the bandage? On average, 70% of patients report less pain after getting an injection with the Inject-Safe Barrier Bandage.By protecting the healthcare environment with a self-sealing Inject-Safe Barrier Bandage, future patients are also protected.Last year's flu was a double whammy, with the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses hitting back to back. What were the ramifications there?What can getting the flu vaccine do for you? What about the people around you?Visit store.avkare.com to pick up Inject-Safe Barrier BandagesWe have Dr. Watson to thank for such an amazing invention! Listen to some of the inspiration behind this product - his passion for patient health helped revolutionize this bandageThere are walk-in clinics that use the barrier bandage. There are a variety of regional clinics as well as CVS Minute Clinic and WalmartHead to the Inject-Safe website to see the barrier bandage work with a balloon!Learn more about the flu at cdc.gov/fluLinksAvKARE | Waltz-D | Store | Twitter | Facebook | Instagram | LinkedIn | BlogThe Clean Life | Twitter | Apple Podcasts | Spotify | TuneIn

  Jeff: Welcome back to Emplify, the podcast corollary to EB Medicine's Emergency Medicine Practice. I'm Jeff Nusbaum, and I'm back with my co-host, Nachi Gupta. This month, we're talking about a topic that is ripe for review this time of year. We're talking Influenza… Diagnosis and Management. Nachi: Very appropriate as the cold is settling in here in NYC and we're already starting to see more cases of influenza. Remember that as you listen through the episode, the means we're about to cover one of the CME questions for those of you listening at home with the print issue handy. Jeff: This month's issue was authored by Dr. Al Giwa of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Dr. Chinwe Ogedegbe of the Seton Hall School of Medicine, and Dr. Charles Murphy of Metrowest Medical Center. Nachi: And this issue was peer reviewed by Dr. Michael Abraham of the University of Maryland School of Medicine and by Dr. Dan Egan, Vice Chair of Education of the Department of Emergency Medicine at Columbia University. Jeff: The information contained in this article comes from articles found on pubmed, the cochrane database, center for disease control, and the world health organization. I'd say that's a pretty reputable group of sources. Additionally, guidelines were reviewed from the american college of emergency physicians, infectious disease society of america, and the american academy of pediatrics. Nachi: Some brief history here to get us started -- did you know that in 1918/1919, during the influenza pandemic, about one third of the world's population was infected with influenza? Jeff: That's wild. How do they even know that? Nachi: Not sure, but also worth noting -- an estimated 50 million people died during that pandemic. Jeff: Clearly a deadly disease. Sadly, that wasn't the last major outbreak… fifty years later the 1968 hong kong influenza pandemic, H3N2, took between 1 and 4 million lives. Nachi: And just last year we saw the 2017-2018 influenza epidemic with record-breaking ED visits. This was the deadliest season since 1976 with at least 80,000 deaths. Jeff: The reason for this is multifactorial. The combination of particularly mutagenic strains causing low vaccine effectiveness, along with decreased production of IV fluids and antiviral medication because of the hurricane, all played a role in last winter's disastrous epidemic. Nachi: Overall we're looking at a rise in influenza related deaths with over 30,000 deaths annually in the US attributed to influenza in recent years. The ED plays a key role in outbreaks, since containment relies on early and rapid identification and treatment. Jeff: In addition to the mortality you just cited, influenza also causes a tremendous strain on society. The CDC estimates that epidemics cost 10 billion dollars per year. They also estimate that an epidemic is responsible for 3 million hospitalized days and 31 million outpatient visits each year. Nachi: It is thought that up to 20% of the US population has been infected with influenza in the winter months, disproportionately hitting the young and elderly. Deaths from influenza have been increasing over the last 20 years, likely in part due to a growing elderly population. Jeff: And naturally, the deaths that we see from influenza also disproportionately affect the elderly, with up to 90% occurring in those 65 or older. Nachi: Though most of our listeners probably know the difference between an influenza epidemic and pandemic, let's review it anyway. When the number of cases of influenza is higher than what would be expected in a region, an epidemic is declared. When the occurrence of disease is on a worldwide spectrum, the term pandemic is used. Jeff: I think that's enough epidemiology for now. Let's get started with the basics of the influenza virus. Influenza is spread primarily through direct person-to-person contact via expelled respiratory secretions.