Podcasts about adenovirus

Joseph Yao, M.D., explains how Mayo Clinic Laboratories' new quantitative assay (Mayo ID: ADVQU) goes beyond qualitative testing to evaluate transplant patients for adenovirus infection. Adenovirus can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised transplant patients, especially children.(01:14)Could you give us a brief overview of this assay? (02:06)Can you explain the differences of the qualitative and quantitative methods and why we made the change to a quantitative adenovirus method? (04:00)When is this test typically ordered for transplant patients? Is it used throughout their treatment? (06:56)Could an immunocompromised person be unknowingly infected? (07:31)Is our quantitative method approved for pediatric patients? (08:00)How are the test results used to treat patients?(10:36)What other infections might providers consider alongside adeovirus?

Mascoteando: La Importancia de las Proteínas en la Dieta | Adenovirus tipo 2 en perros MASCOTEANDO: Es un programa que lleva información al público en general, directamente de profesionales en salud y bienestar animal, con fundamentos científicos y tecnológicos de una manera amena y amigable. Este programa se transmite todos los miércoless 8 pm sábado 11 am, conducido por MVZ. Raúl Ocádiz Tapia a través de ADR Networks.

Viral vectors are a cornerstone of gene therapy and many employ experts in the viral vector services space to help design and produce their specialty vectors. These service providers are experts at making sure you get the vector you want with a titer and purity you need for your application. We're joined in this episode by Dr. Cliff Froelich, Head of Analytical Development for a viral vector services provider. Cliff and his team work with AAV, lentivirus, and other vectors to support multiple, and simultaneous, client projects. Specifically, we dive into how they use various analytical and molecular methods to monitor and assess identity, strength, purity, impurities, potency, efficiency, empty/full ratios, safety, and more. As you might expect, it's not a one-method-does-it-all approach or solution. Yes, digital PCR is in the mix here, and Cliff does a great job of outlining where it shines relative to the other methods they use regularly in their GMP practice. In our career corner portion, you'll hear about Cliff's circuitous career path, which includes stints in the poultry industry and time as a clinical dietitian. Through it all, and into his current role, Cliff brings a passion and genuine interest for the science and its potential to affect lives. Visit the Absolute Gene-ius pageto learn more about the guests, the hosts, and the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio Absolute Q Digital PCR System. 

Dr. Mindy talks about fashion, the Olympics and her Youtube Channel. Then she answers questions about the Adenovirus, Bradycardia, hearts rates, fever blisters, hip pain, nerve pain, testosterone, Estradiol, getting your tonsils out as an adult and losing weight.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The fields of Cell and gene therapy are booming and poised to change the treatment and prevention of disease. These research areas require the transfer of genetic material to cells, and viral vectors are commonly used here. Specifically, adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lentiviral vectors (LVV) are vectors of choice. We're joined for this episode by MinGin Kim and Kimberly Gomez, both scientists at Thermo Fisher. With backgrounds and expertise in the areas of cell and gene therapy, they help explain what all the excitement is about and how AAV and LVV are used. We hear about some of the challenges associated with viral vector work and get to hear about how digital PCR (dPCR) and good assay design are helping overcome many of these challenges to enable research and the biopharmaceutical industry. As you might expect from Absolute Gene-ius, you also get to hear their respective career path journeys and some really interesting lab stories.Visit the Absolute Gene-ius page to learn more about the guests, the hosts, and the Applied Biosystems QuantStudio Absolute Q Digital PCR System. 

En el segmento Salud de El Gran Musical conversamos con Adriana Sánchez, Directora Médica de Ecua American, sobre el Adenovirus, ¿cuáles son los síntomas y tratamiento?

A mystery dog illness that spread across the U.S. last year and can lead to serious or fatal respiratory problems is still under investigation, but cases are starting to slow, experts say. The illness, which started to spread more widely in the summer and fall of 2023, causes coughing, sneezing and fatigue, among other symptoms, and can progress quickly to pneumonia. The dogs suspected to have it test negative for all of the typical causes of respiratory symptoms and often don't respond to treatment. In a statement to TODAY.com, the American Veterinary Medical Association says that based on "conversations with various sources ... the number of cases are declining," adding that an "ebb and flow" of respiratory illness in dogs over the course of the year is common, similar to cold and flu season in humans. The statement also explains that the U.S. Department of Agriculture has so far not seen that the rise in respiratory illness in dogs is linked to a new virus or bacteria. A statement from the Animal and Plant Inspection Service, part of the USDA, confirms to TODAY.com that the state-led testing that the agency is helping coordinate "has not indicated the presence of a novel pathogen or single infectious cause among these cases." Numerous veterinary diagnostic labs across the country are investigating the outbreak, from Oregon to Kansas to New Hampshire. The APHIS spokesperson adds that the illness is not regulated by APHIS and therefore the branch doesn't have data on case numbers. The Oregon Veterinary Medical Association also shared in an Feb. 14, 2024, update that "cases seem to be waning, if not back to normal," citing veterinarian Dr. Scott Weese's Worms and Germs blog. At last count, at least 19 states had reported cases of the illness, according to various expert groups. The AVMA explained in an earlier statement that the mystery dog illness is difficult to track because there's no national surveillance system. In November 2023, veterinarians in critical care settings told TODAY.com that they'd seen dozens of cases since the fall. Late last year, multiple groups — including the Colorado and Oregon departments of agriculture, the AVMA, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health — issued warnings about the mystery illness in dogs. “We don't know what is causing this situation, where dogs are presenting at veterinarians with what private veterinarians would call kennel cough,” Rhode Island's state veterinarian Dr. Scott Marshall told NBC affiliate WJAR. “What's different about this situation is that dogs are presenting with little bit more severe signs, not responding to usual treatments, and unfortunately had a small number, still a number, of dogs that have succumbed to them.” “It seems to happen very, very quickly — to go from this cough that's just won't go away ... and then all of a sudden they develop this pneumonia,” Dr. Lindsey Ganzer, veterinarian and CEO at North Springs Veterinary Referral Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado, told TODAY.com. She said she treated over a dozen dogs with what she believes is the condition between October and November 2023. If your dog develops a cough, do not panic, the AVMA advises. But stay vigilant about its progression and your pet's overall health, and contact your vet right away if anything seems off. What is the mystery dog illness? Dogs with this mystery illness usually have coughing, sneezing, eye or nose discharge, are abnormally tired, and do not test positive for any common causes of canine respiratory illness, the Oregon Department of Agriculture noted in a Nov. 9 press release. Typically, dogs with respiratory illnesses have a cough for seven to 10 days, but some vets saw an uptick in dogs with coughs lasting weeks to months that don't respond to treatment, the Colorado Department of Agriculture said in a Nov. 22 statement. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this mystery illness outbreak was the high number of dogs who developed pneumonia. One Colorado vet, Dr. Michael Lappin, director of the Center for Companion Animal Studies at the Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine, told NBC News the number of canine pneumonia cases in the state rose by 50% between September and November 2023 compared to 2022. Marshall estimated that Rhode Island saw at least 35 cases of the mystery respiratory illness, but it's hard to know exactly how many because not all cases are reported. Dogs are most likely to contract it by being in close contact with numerous other dogs — so places like doggy day care, dog parks, groomers or boarding kennels, Ganzer said. The illness seems to affect dogs regardless of age, size or breed, though dogs with snort snouts, like bulldogs and pugs, may be at higher risk. Between mid-August and mid-November, the Oregon Department of Agriculture received reports of over 200 cases of the illness from veterinarians in the state but has had no additional cases to report since. A Dec. 1 statement from the Washington Department of Agriculture said the state has received 16 reports of unusual canine respiratory disease. Two cases were confirmed as such. The Colorado Department of Agriculture also shared in November that veterinarians in the state were seeing "double the number of cases than what is typically seen during a canine infectious respiratory disease outbreak."   The Wisconsin State Journal reported that between late October and December, clinics around the state saw six to 12 cases each, according to Dr. Keith Poulsen, director of the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at University of Wisconin-Madison. Dr. Amanda Cavanagh, head of urgent care services at Colorado State University James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, in Fort Collins, Colorado, told TODAY.com that this past summer she started seeing cases of dogs with coughs lasting several weeks or longer, and the trend continued into the fall. She estimated her caseload of coughing dogs doubled from October to November. While dogs with a contagious cough are common in veterinary settings, Cavanagh noted that she normally sees cases decrease in the fall as temperatures drop and fewer dogs are gathering at parks. "But this year, the spike has stayed high," she explains. In its original press release, the Oregon Department of Agriculture noted that the illness can progress in three ways: Mild to moderate cough for six to eight weeks or longer that either doesn't respond to antibiotics or only responds a little Chronic pneumonia that doesn't respond to antibiotics Severe pneumonia that "often leads to poor outcomes in as little as 24 to 36 hours" Cavanagh witnessed all three scenarios play out at her hospital. Last fall, she said she saw more dogs than usual with a long-lasting upper respiratory infection who then developed pneumonia from a secondary bacterial infection. Of the dogs she treated, she said most who developed pneumonia responded to antibiotics, and many with the long-lasting cough recovered with time and never got pneumonia. But of those who developed the severe pneumonia, some died or had to be euthanized. "That really bad pneumonia, historically, is very, very rare. Maybe I would see one case a year," but last fall alone, Cavanagh saw a "handful," she said. How many dogs have died from the mystery illness? Because most states are not tracking case numbers, it's not known exactly how many dogs have died from the illness. The Oregon Department of Agriculture tells TODAY.com that it does not know how many dogs have died from the illness in the state. However, it is confirmed that some dogs in the U.S. have died from the mystery illness. The Colorado Department of Agriculture said in a statement that "in rare cases, the canine patients progress quickly from pneumonia to death." Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences also said the illness has resulted in "some fatalities." Ganzer and Cavanagh both have had several canine patients die from what they believe to be the condition. Rhode Island Veterinary Medical Association President Shelly Pancoast told WJAR that she's seen five to 10 dogs die from the mystery illness. “We still don't have a great handle on how exactly we should be treating these dogs,” Pancoast said. “A vast majority of them are making full recovery, it's just unlike anything we've seen in previous years with kennel cough." What states have the mystery dog illness? According to various expert groups, cases that match the description of the mystery dog illness have been reported, officially or anecdotally, in: Colorado California Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire Nevada Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Tennessee Vermont Washington Wisconsin This above list of states comes from the AVMA, the Tennessee Veterinary Medical Association, the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine and the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mystery dog illness 2023 symptoms Symptoms of the mystery dog illness include: Coughing that doesn't get better on its own after a week or so Sneezing Nasal or eye discharge Red eyes Lethargy Trouble breathing, especially from the stomach Blue or purple gums (due to not getting enough oxygen) Related: What does coughing in a dog sound like? Vet explains in viral video Signs of coughing in dogs For many dog owners, the signs of coughing can be difficult to recognize, Dr. Michele Forbes, Dr. Michele Forbes, owner of Compassionate Care Hospital in Ann Arbor, Michigan, says. "Rarely do (dog owners) identify a cough until it becomes an overt problem and it's clearly coming from the chest,” Forbes explained in a now-viral TikTok. As a result of owners not noticing coughing or confusing it for something else, like throat-clearing or gagging, some dogs are arriving at vet facilities in more advanced stages of the condition, which can make it more difficult to treat, Forbes told TODAY.com. Some tips to help identify signs of coughing in dogs: The sound dogs make when they're choking can be confused for coughing. Some dogs sound like they're honking, kind of like a goose. Coughing can also sound like the dog is gagging or clearing its throat. The chest may heave or the abdomen may move while the dog is coughing. For some dogs, it looks like they're trying to cough up a hair ball and they may produce some liquid. A wet cough may produce a gargling sound. If a dog is coughing a lot, they may end up vomiting, which dog owners often confuse for a gastrointestinal issue. Reverse-sneezing can be confused for coughing but it's not usually a reason to call the vet unless it's paired with actual coughing, nasal discharge or any other concerning symptoms. When to see the vet for the mystery dog illness Other signs that your dog should see the vet, per the AVMA, include: Lingering cough Weakness Loss of appetite Difficulty breathing Worsening of illness Cough that is sufficiently severe that it causes the dog to vomit or makes it hard for the animal to breathe Tips to prevent mystery dog illness from vets Dogs are most likely to contract the illness when in close contact with other dogs, so previous guidance was to keep dogs away from other dogs. But case rates have essentially returned to normal, Weese noted in his blog. To keep your dog safe and healthy overall, the AVMA recommends keeping up to date with vaccinations. "While the existing vaccines may not specifically target this unknown infection, maintaining overall health through routine vaccinations can help support a dog's immune system in combating various infections," it said. The AVMA stressed the following vaccines: Bordetella, Adenovirus type 2, and parainfluenza combined with the injectable influenza H3N2 vaccine. Be sure to give your dog two weeks after vaccination before interacting with other dogs so they can build up immunity. If your dog is sick, consult a vet as soon as possible, as early testing can help with treatment, and keep the dog away from other dogs to avoid spreading the illness, experts advise. While it's unlikely a humans can get sick with the respiratory illness, because the cause is still unknown, the AVMA suggests thoroughly washing hands after handling any dogs. Caroline Kee contributed reporting.

Contributor: Ricky Dhaliwal, MD Educational Pearls: Croup Caused by: Parainfluenza, Adenovirus, RSV, Enterovirus (big right now) Age range: 6 months to 3 years Symptoms: Barky cough Inspiratory stridor (Severe = stidor at rest) Use the Westley Croup Score to gauge the severity Treatment: High flow, humidified, cool oxygen Dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg oral, max 16mg Severe: Racemic Epinephrine 0.5 mL/kg Consider heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen Very severe: be ready to intubate Bronchiolitis Caused by: RSV, Rhinovirus Symptoms are driven by secretions Symptoms: Cough Wheezing Dehydration (often the symptom that makes them look the worst) Age range: 2 to 6 months Treatment: Suctioning Oxygen IV fluids Nebulized hypertonic saline DuoNebs? No. Asthma Caused by: Environmental factors Viral illness with a predisposition Treatment: Beta agonists Steroids Ipratropium Magnesium (relaxes smooth muscle) References Dalziel SR, Haskell L, O'Brien S, Borland ML, Plint AC, Babl FE, Oakley E. Bronchiolitis. Lancet. 2022 Jul 30;400(10349):392-406. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01016-9. Epub 2022 Jul 1. PMID: 35785792. Hoch HE, Houin PR, Stillwell PC. Asthma in Children: A Brief Review for Primary Care Providers. Pediatr Ann. 2019 Mar 1;48(3):e103-e109. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20190219-01. PMID: 30874817. Midulla F, Petrarca L, Frassanito A, Di Mattia G, Zicari AM, Nenna R. Bronchiolitis clinics and medical treatment. Minerva Pediatr. 2018 Dec;70(6):600-611. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4946.18.05334-3. Epub 2018 Oct 18. PMID: 30334624. Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF. Croup: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253. Westley CR, Cotton EK, Brooks JG. Nebulized racemic epinephrine by IPPB for the treatment of croup: a double-blind study. Am J Dis Child. 1978 May;132(5):484-7. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120300044008. PMID: 347921. https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/677/westley-croup-score Summarized by Jeffrey Olson | Edited by Meg Joyce & Jorge Chalit, OMSII  

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Adenovirus⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠from the Microbiology section. Follow ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Medbullets⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/medbulletsstep1/message

De zoon van Eline Vermeulen uit Cuijk, Teijn van 2, is eind juli 2023 gediagnosticeerd met een ernstige zeldzame longziekte, Bronchiolitis Obliterans. Dit heeft hij overgehouden aan een van de drie virussen waardoor hij in december in coma op de ic lag. 1% kans dat dat virus (Adenovirus) deze ziekte veroorzaakt. Maar doordat het zo zeldzaam is, zijn er weinig statistieken over verloop van de ziekte; we weten niet in welke “fase” hij nu zit en hoe snel hij achteruit zal gaan. Maar uiteindelijk zal alleen een longtransplantatie hem kunnen redden. De schade die het virus al heeft aangericht in onomkeerbaar. Teneinde geld voor verder onderzoek te kunnen genereren is zij een crowdfunding actie gestart.

Do you ever wonder how vaccines protect your beloved pooch from preventable diseases? Dr. Natalie Craven from Pinellas Animal Hospital has returned to our show to decode the science behind vaccines and their significance in ensuring your pet's health. This episode is packed with crucial information about core vaccines for puppies and how they safeguard our pets against diseases like rabies, distemper, and parvovirus.We bring to light common misconceptions about diseases like kennel cough, and how vaccination, along with safe socializing practices, can help keep these at bay. Our discussion extends to the alarming realities of Lyme disease in Florida and its impact on our dogs. Dr. Craven stresses the importance of the Lyme vaccine, and others such as leptospirosis, canine influenza, and bordetella. We also tackle the rising anti-vaccination sentiment and the importance of re-evaluating vaccines in the veterinary field.Towards the end of our conversation, we delve into the situations when a dog may not be suitable for vaccination, taking into account factors such as age, illnesses, and the effects of chemotherapy. Dr. Craven shares valuable insights on the risks and side effects of vaccinations in pets, emphasizing the importance of consulting with a veterinarian before proceeding. We conclude the episode with a compelling discussion about titer testing and why investing in vaccines is paramount for your pet's well-being. Don't miss out on this enlightening episode that promises to deepen your understanding of the vital role vaccines play in your pet's health and longevity.Dr. Craven's practice;https://pinellasvet.com/For more information on vaccines;https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/vaccinationshttps://www.lifelearn-cliented.com/iframe.php?action=view&clinic=350&rid=841&c=63716-20230830184420-259b8ad96970fe1632090e702dee3515&print=1https://www.aaha.org/globalassets/05-pet-health-resources/vaccination_poster2.pdfHave you ever thought about capturing professional portraits of your furry family member? If so, we're here for you? Urban Dog Studio, Tampa Bay's premiere pet photography studio, specializes in stunning portrait sessions in the studio, on location, and even in the water! Whether you're in St. Petersburg, Tampa, Clearwater, Bradenton, Sarasota, or any of the beach communities, Urban Dog Studio is here for you. Contact Urban Dog Studio today, and let them work their magic to bring out the best in you and your pets.

TWiV reviews evidence that symptomatic adenovirus infection leads to thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and production of anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies similar to the rare disorder seen after immunization with adenoviral vectored COVID-19 vaccines, and a monoclonal antibody isolated from a SARS survivor, following vaccination with a SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine, that neutralizes a broad collection of ACE2-binding sarbecoviruses. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server MicrobeTV store at Cafepress Research assistant position in Rosenfeld Lab CBER/FDA (pdf) VITT-like disorder after adenovirus infection (NEJM) The clot thickens (TWiV 842) Lessons from VITT (Nat Rev Immunol) Pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing mAb (Sci Adv) Letters read on TWiV 1037 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Rho Ophiuchi nebula showing massive star formation. James Webb Space Telescope Brianne – Question Mark in Space? Kathy – Quammen interview with Walter Isaacson Rich – Chrome Music Lab Vincent – Matters Microbial Listener Picks Tom – The (second) deadliest virus Charles – We Will All Go Together When We Go and So Long Mom (A Song for World War III) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Dr Akila Viswanathan speaks with Dr Fred Bunz about his work creating viruses that can be used to boost the immune response to cancer.

On episode #27 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 4/13 – 4/25/23. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Click arrow to play Download Puscast 027 (19 MB .mp3, 31 min) Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Prevalence, clinical severity, and seasonality of Adenovirus 40/41, Astrovirus, Sapovirus, and Rotavirus among children with moderate-to severe diarrhea (CID) Antibiotic-prescribing practices for management of childhood diarrhea in 3 sub-Saharan African countries (CID) Drivers of decline in diarrhea mortality (CID) Breastfeeding among people with HIV in North America (CID) Wearable sensor-based detection of Influenza in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (JID) Emergence of erythromycin-resistant invasive group a Streptococcus (EID) Piperacillin-Tazobactam compared With Cefoxitin as antimicrobial prophylaxis for pancreatoduodenectomy (JAMA) VE303 for prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (JAMA) Geographic patterns of antimicrobial susceptibilities for Bacteroides species worldwide (IJAA) Intravenous to oral antibiotic switch therapy among patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CID) Clinical impact of syndromic molecular point-of-care testing for gastrointestinal pathogens in adults hospitalized with suspected gastroenteritis (The Lancet) Treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis with adjunctive nebulized amphotericin B (Mycoses) Giardia detection and codetection with other enteric pathogens in children in the vaccine impact on diarrhea in Africa (CID) Feasibility of training community health workers to use smartphone-attached microscopy for point-of-care visualization of soil-transmitted helminths (AJTMH) Compassionate use of bacteriophages for failed persistent infections (OFID) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.06.527297v1?rss=1 Authors: Hu, Z., McKenzie, C.-A., Smith, C., Haas, J. G., Lathe, R. Abstract: Microbes in human brain and their potential contribution to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have long been debated. We recently developed a new method (the electronic tree of life, eToL) based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) probes, further confirmed by large subunit rRNA analysis, to comprehensively address the spectrum of microorganisms in control and AD brain. We report a remarkable diversity of brain microbes in control brain. The most abundant are fungi, bacteria, and chloroplastida, and we report detailed identification of representative microbial species. The pattern is substantially conserved across different bilateran species from Drosophila to human. In terms of diversity, the human brain microbiome appears to be a subset (~20%) of the gut microbiome. Adenovirus type C was the major virus found in human brain; other viruses were not well represented. However, the spectrum of brain microbes differed between individuals as well as between brain regions examined from single individuals (amygdala, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus); of these four regions, the highest microbial burden was in cingulate cortex. There was evidence of spreading of pathogens between brain regions in single individuals. Some microbes are over-represented in AD brain according to two measures: (i) absolute number of microbes normalized to endogenous human transcripts, and (ii) the number of brain specimens showing overabundance versus control. Species over-represented in AD brain according to both measures notably include bacteria (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus/Bacillus, Sphingomonas/Ralstonia) and fungi (Acrocalymma/Altenaria/Aureobasidium of the Aspergillus group; Komagataella of the Candida group, Cortinarius of the Schizophyllum group, and Tausonia of the Cryptococcus group), that are all related to known human pathogens. In addition, an uncharacterized chloroplastida (algae-related) species was more abundant in AD brain samples. Although these findings point to diverse microbial species, indicative of multiple causation, similar absolute levels of bacteria and fungi in AD brain samples could suggest synergy between pathogens. However, it is important to stress that not all AD samples were positive for these microbes, but this could be because the affected brain region(s) was not examined. These findings support the contention that infection, perhaps associated with declining immunity with age, may contribute to AD development. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Adenovirus from the Infectious Disease section. Follow Medbullets on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets

Adenovirus, COVID, RSV.... Will will it end?! Join me as I recap our crazy Thanksgiving week.It's #GIVINGTUESDAY! If you are in a giving mood, please check out some foundations that are very near and dear to my heart:Donate to Wylder Nation Foundation to help in the fight for my children's lives: https://wyldernation.org/join-the-fight/you can also donate through our Go Fund Me:https://www.gofundme.com/f/save-roman-and-stellaDonate to Parental Hope:https://parentalhope.org/donate-now/Donate to Building Blocks for Kids:https://bb4k.org/https://www.confessionsofararediseasemama.com/Learn more about my children's fight with ASMD and donate to our cause:https://www.saveromanandstella.com/Follow on instagram: https://www.instagram.com/confessionsofararediseasemama/

Wild WinsdayDo we need to stay safe? Or do we just need to make ourselves harder to kill. Catch the full episode and graphic here:https://betterdaily.disciplemedia.com/articles/21More Wild Winsdays:https://betterdaily.disciplemedia.com/hashtag/wildwinsdayGet 1% - Every Day!https://betterdaily.liveMusic in Intro and Outro used with permission: "Doves" by We Are All Astronautshttps://www.weareallastronauts.net/

Mundo Salud - Dr. Esteban Ortiz y Dra. Ana Herrera, Brote de Influenza, Covid y Adenovirus by FM Mundo 98.1

- Thưa quý vị và các bạn! Trước tình hình số lượng ca mắc virus Adeno phải nhập viện tăng cao, ngành y tế yêu cầu các cơ sở khám chữa bệnh bố trí đủ giường bệnh, nhân lực, phương tiện, trang thiết bị, vật tư để chẩn đoán và điều trị người bệnh nhiễm Adenovirus. Đồng thời thực hiện tốt công tác phân luồng, kiểm soát nhiễm khuẩn, phòng chống lây nhiễm trong các cơ sở khám chữa bệnh. Vậy Andeno virus cần nhận biết, điều trị, phòng ngừa ra sao? Xin mời quý vị và các bạn cùng nghe --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/vov1sukien/support

Adenovirus được biết đến là nguyên nhân gây nên các bệnh liên quan đến đường hô hấp.Những người có sức đề kháng kém, suy giảm hệ miễn dịch, đặc biệt là trẻ em, người già và người có bệnh mạn tính sẽ có nguy cơ nhiễm bệnh Adenovirus cao hơn. Tính từ đầu năm đến ngày 12/9, tổng số ca nhiễm Adenovirus ghi nhận tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương là 412, nhiều hơn cả năm 2021 và tăng hơn 44,1% so với cùng kỳ, trong đó có 6 ca bệnh tử vong. Hiện tại ở nước ta chưa có vaccine phòng Adenovirus, vì vậy, cách tốt nhất là phát hiện sớm, cảnh giác với các yếu tố lâm sàng, yếu tố dịch tễ để không bỏ lỡ xét nghiệm; đồng thời tuân thủ các biện pháp dự phòng./.

- Ca nhiễm Adenovirus tăng đột biến, viện Nhi phân luồng điều trị. - Thiếu vắc xin tại một số tỉnh thành và các giải pháp giải quyết việc tiêm chậm, tiêm vét cho trẻ. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/vov1sukien/support

Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương vừa có cảnh báo về số lượng trẻ nhập viện do mắc Adenovirus thời điểm giao mùa tăng cao. Đặc biệt đã ghi nhận những trường hợp tử vong do nhiễm virus này. Vậy các bậc phụ huynh cần lưu ý điều gì để bảo vệ con em mình? Chương trình “Sức khỏe trên hết” được phát sóng từ 13h30 – 14h00 các ngày thứ 2- thứ 4 – thứ 6 trong tuần trên Hà Nội FM tần số 90MHz.

Số ca nhiễm Adenovirus nhập viện tăng hơn 44%, 6 trẻ tử vong, bác sĩ Trần Văn Phúc đánh giá con số này không bất thường, tuy nhiên trẻ dưới 6 tuổi cần cẩn trọng do hệ miễn dịch yếu.

From the European Society for Clinical Virology 2022 Conference in Manchester UK, Vincent speaks with Emma Thomson about the recent outbreak of pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology and the finding that it is linked to infection by adenovirus-associated virus 2. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello Guest: Emma Thomson Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Thomson laboratory Emma on TWiV 188 and TWiV 341 AAV2-associated pediatric hepatitis (bioRxiv) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

A mysterious wave of acute hepatitis in children is currently under investigation spanning 43 states as well as international borders. These cases are unique in that typical causes for liver injury such as viral Hepatitis A-E have not been found. Though the causal pathway for liver injury is unknown, association with a certain virus of cold-causing daycare fame has been demonstrated in more than half of patients: adenovirus, particularly F type 41. Worldwide most children have fully recovered though around 10% have needed liver transplants and the vast majority have been hospitalized. Today's case explores a 4-year-old who presented to our clinic with scleral icterus and hepatomegaly.View the transcript here:https://www.childrensmn.org/for-health-professionals/talking-pediatrics-podcast/talking-pediatrics-hepatitis-adenovirus-boy-yellow-eyes-9-16-22/

Ashley is our guest on this week's episode.  Ashley tells about her son, Cash who contracted Adenovirus at just 10 days old.  If it wasn't for Ashley's intuition & courage, she wouldn't have found out as soon as she did that Cash was sick.  Ashley's story is heartbreaking and frustrating to say the least.  I hope her story can reach the ones who need to hear it.  Thanks Ashley for sharing your story. 

Der ungewöhnlich hohe Anstieg an Hepatitis-infektionen bei Kindern versetzte Ärzt*innen im Frühjahr in Aufruhr. Als Hauptverdächtiger galt bisher das Adenovirus. So einfach ist es aber wohl doch nicht.

Resumo da semana: - A infertilidade em alguns homens pode ser causada por mutações no cromossomo X (The American Journal of Human Genetics) - O risco de insuficiência cardíaca em homens pode aumentar com a idade devido à perda do cromossomo Y (Science) - Injeções intra-articulares de ácido hialurônico não ajudam a osteoartrite do joelho mais do que placebo (The British Medical Journal) - Terapia com exercícios para ruptura do menisco se mostrou não inferior à meniscectomia parcial artroscópica (JAMA Network Open) - Aleitamento materno em prematuros durante a hospitalização melhora os resultados do neurodesenvolvimento na infância (JAMA Network Open) - Estudo sugere possibilidade de transmissão de transtornos de ansiedade dos pais para os filhos (JAMA Network Open) - Hepatite aguda inexplicada em crianças: mais evidências apontam para o adenovírus 41 (The New England Journal of Medicine) - Monkeypox, a varíola dos macacos, se tornou uma emergência de saúde global, afirmou OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) Veja mais notícias em news.med.br Este podcast é oferecido por HiDoctor – o software médico mais usado em consultórios e clínicas no país.

TWiV provides an update on hepatitis of unknown etiology in children, an experimental nanoparticle vaccine for Epstein-Barr virus, and minimal impact of bamlanivimab therapy on antiviral antibodies induced by vaccination. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Hepatitis of unknown etiology (MMWR) Clinical recognition of monkeypox (CDC) Epstein-Barr virus nanoparticle vaccine (Cell Rep Med) Minimal impact of mAb therapy on COVID vaccine induced antibodies (Sci Trans Med) Letters read on TWiV 911 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – A Frog So Small, It Could Not Frog Kathy – A Grand Night In: The Story of Aardman Rich – Archive Vincent – Bandwagoning by Heran Darwin Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Email: Uncommonpodcast@outlook.comFacebook: @UncommonPODTwitter: @UncommonPC Instagram:  @dustin.duff     @Bpop80    Gettr: @DuffdbGab: @Duffdb   Clips:Dr. Naomi Wolf - On the PUSH for Orwellian Vaccine Passports Has the Power to Turn Off Your LIFEhttps://noagendaassets.com/enc/1653256001.327_dr.naomiwolf-onthepushfororwellianvaccinepassportshasthepowertoturnoffyourlife.mp3Pfizer CEO Albert Bourlahttps://twitter.com/UnCommonPC/status/1529234892956979200?s=20&t=Y1hy7DvtZ9h_6iaVNKO9IQMarathon NYC dead manhttps://noagendaassets.com/enc/1653256033.57_marathonnycdeadman.mp3MonkeyPox Supercuthttps://noagendaassets.com/enc/1653256052.053_monkeypoxsupercut.mp3Jan 23 2022 Monkey Crash REDUXhttps://noagendaassets.com/enc/1653256058.888_jan232022monkeycrashredux.mp3 Documents:Which COVID 19 Vaccines are Adenovirus basedhttps://heavy.com/news/which-covid-19-vaccines-adenovirus/ Credit (Clips): No Agenda Podasthttps://www.noagendashow.net/ Searching For Ghosts Podcasthttps://searchingforghosts.libsyn.com/ 

Hay 614 casos en 31 países del mundo y se han reportado 14 fallecimientos. La Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México tiene 4 casos sospechosos en estudio. No obstante, La Organización Panamericana de la Salud sostiene que aún hay pocos datos para definir si hay un brote o epidemia en la región, y por ahora el riesgo mundial es considerado bajo.

Course: Outbreak of Severe Hepatitis Due to Adenovirus? - What do we know? Course Director: Tony R Tarchichi MD  - Associate Professor in Dept of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Course Director: Michael Green MD, MPH -  Professor, Pediatrics, Surgery, and Clinical and Translational Science, at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Course Director:James E Squires MD, MS- Associate Professor in Dept of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (james.squires2@chp.edu) This Podcast series was created for Pediatric Hospitalists or those healthcare professionals who take care of hospitalized children.  This episode is Outbreak of Severe Hepatitis Due to Adenovirus? - What do we know?. As always there is free CME credit of up to 0.75 AMA category 1 for listening to this podcast and going to the Univ of Pitt site. See the link below.  ______________________________________________________ Objectives: Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to: Describe the epidemiology of the outbreak of severe hepatitis in children. Define and describe the relationship with Adenovirus. Review workup and management of hepatitis. ______________________________________________________ Released:  5/19/2022, Reviewed 5/19/2022, Expire: 5/19/2023 If you are new to the Internet-based Studies in Education and Research (ISER) website (which is how you will get your CME credit), you will first need to create an account: Step 1. Create an Account https://www.hsconnect.pitt.edu/HSC/home/create-account.do If you have used the ISER website in the past, you can click on the link below and then log onto in order to complete the evaluation for this training: Step 2. To access the test for CME credit: Coming soon Accreditation Statement: The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine designates this enduring material for a maximum of  (0.75)  AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Meet Michael Osterholm, Ph.D.:Michael Osterholm, Ph.D. is a Regents Professor, the Director of the Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Policy (CIDRAP), and McKnight Presidential Endowed Chair in Public Health at the University of Minnesota. Dr. Osterholm was appointed to President Biden's Transition COVID-19 Advisory Board. He is author of “Deadliest Enemy” and hosts “The Osterholm Update: COVID-19” podcast. Dr. Osterholm received a Ph.D. and MS in Environmental Health and an MPH in Epidemiology from the University of Minnesota. Key Insights:Dr. Osterholm is a distinguished leader in a variety of areas including as a scientist, public health official, author, professor, and advisor. The State of the Pandemic. Pre-existing immunity from vaccines and prior infections clearly reduce severe illness and deaths. However, Dr. Osterholm questions, what's after Omicron? What will variant Pi and Sigma look like? Viral evolution indicates that upcoming variants will be more infectious and have more immune system evasion. We must be prepared. (13:16)Lessons from Pandemics. There are sociological lessons to learn from previous disease outbreaks. The duration of the 1918 pandemic was around three years. However, after about a year, the public gave up on public health recommendations, and stopped acting on or accepting protections. (28:41)Vaccine Technology. Dr. Osterholm predicts we will see new vaccine technologies that are more immune enhancing. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines provide a rapid antibody response, which wanes in a matter of months. Adenovirus vaccines initially seemed less effective, but result in a stronger T-cell response, which is a more durable immunity. New vaccine technology will need to produce a complex immune response, rather than focusing on just the antibody response. (30:49) Relevant Links: Check out his podcast “The Osterholm Update: COVID-19”Check out Dr. Osterholm'd book “Deadliest Enemy: Our War Against Killer Germs”Watch “American public 'done' with pandemic, even if it's not done with us: Osterholm | ABC News”

Los casos de una misteriosa hepatitis aguda en niños siguen aumentando, autoridades sanitarias de todo el mundo investigan este fenómeno que se ha confirmado en una veintena de países y que ha enfermado a más de 348 infantes y causado una muerte.

This week on Pharm5: Adenovirus 41 infections in kids

Hepatitis grave en niños, COVID, microbiota, antibióticos y mucho más

Información al día de EL COMERCIO, Platinum y Radio Quito este jueves 5 de mayo de 2022. A continuación las noticias que debes saber: Hábeas corpus no elimina las dos sentencias condenatorias de Glas; Adenovirus 41, posible causa de la hepatitis aguda en niños y Comisión Anticorrupción cuestiona la creación de Secretaría Anticorrupción. En Deportes: Chile presenta denuncia contra Byron Castillo y la FEF y en Tendencias: Amber Heard alega agresiones sexuales. Puedes contactarnos a podcast@elcomercio.com. Gracias por escuchar este podcast.

TWiV explains what is known about cases of acute, severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children, and discovery of an inhibitor of TMPRSS2 protease that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Severe hepatitis in children (WHO) TMPRSS2 inhibitor (Nature) Omicron less dependent on TMPRSS2 (TWiV 879) Letters read on TWiV 894 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Apple AirTag Kathy – Dental art/sculpture/mobile/chandelier Alan – Vintage Radio and Communications Museum of Connecticut Vincent – For the Love of Enzymes by Arthur Kornberg Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is investigating adenovirus as a possible cause for over a dozen cases of severe hepatitis in children.

Mike Church Show-Musk's Takeover Of Twitter Shows The Demonic Hordes Can Be Beaten! Time  Red Pill Topics & Headlines 6:03am cst Welcome to the Mike Church Show on www.crusadechannel.com Call the show            844-5CRUSADE   Make Canon212 your first place to get news each day. Canon212 - News of the Church and the World.   Glory and Shine to the Crusade Channel crusadechannel.com/glory   HEADLINE RUNDOWN - 20m  HEADLINE: The Greatest Trick of All by James Corbett  The greatest trick of all is the ruling elitists' ability to make you desire your own enslavement. There had to be a series of things done that when they pushed the button the people reacted. In late March of 2020 we saw this happen. We also saw parody of the family singing to the Frozen soundtrack - It's Vaccination Day AUDIO/VIDEO: It's Vaccination Day! - "For The First Time In Forever" Frozen Parody    HEADLINE: LOOK: UCF football players to sport custom QR codes on jerseys during 2022 spring game by Barrett Sallee     Ukraine and Russia This is yet another one of those things that James Corbett talks about. We just went all in on the Support Ukraine! We didn't know where Ukraine was on a map, we have nothing in common with that culture, we know basically nothing about this country but we went all in with them against Russia. The Italians announced just yesterday, we did the story on the show, they will now not run their heater during the cold and not run the A/C during summer…in support of Ukraine. How dumb is this?   ONE TIME DONATION LINK - https://crusadechannel.com/donate-to-the-crusade-channel/   Crusade Channel Teaming Up With Epoch Times www.crusadechannel.com/epoch (affiliate link)   If you have any issues that need to be resolved, please email Maggie O'Connell directly at sales@mikechurch.com or Candace her personal email candace@mikechurch.com   Do business with those that do business with us. BullDog Kia have been with us since day one of Veritas Radio Network and the Crusade Channel. Get your Kia today from the fine folks at BullDog Kia in Atlanta Georgia.   BRAVE BROWSER: Now you can support the Crusade Channel without spending a DIME! Simply use the url to download the BRAVE browser and WE get credit: http://brave.com/mik060 We can earn up to $50,000 for the downloads if our listeners use this browser. 7:15am cst Welcome back to The Mike Church Show! Call the Crusade Channel at 844-5CRUSADE! Join our FREE LIVE chatroom where you can chat with fellow Crusaders.   ONE TIME DONATION LINK - https://crusadechannel.com/donate-to-the-crusade-channel/   Listen to us on ShortWave - 5850 50m   HEADLINE: UK Officials Examining Links Between Adenovirus and Hepatitis in Children by Isabel van Brugen  Why is this an issue now all of the sudden? Adenovirus, a viral infection that usually causes the common cold, was detected in 75 percent of the confirmed cases tested.  Adenovirus, a common group of viruses, is now circulating in children at higher than average levels after dropping to unusually low levels during the pandemic. One avenue of inquiry being explored is that the outbreak may be linked to a surge in common viral infections after COVID-19 restrictions were phased out. Children who weren't exposed to adenovirus over the last two years may now be getting hit harder when they are exposed to the viruses. So because we isolated these children we actually signed their death warrants.   Elon Musk and Twitter The left doesn't like to lose. I mean who does really but when the demons lose a battle they come back w/ their friends and try again. They think the battle is a winner take all. 1h30m AUDIO/VIDEO: Alison McDowell -  "Smart Cities", the Transhumanist Game and "Lifelong Learning”  Time Stamp - 1:08:35 Life as an avatar

Welcome to our USMLE Prep Question and Answer series!We posed the following question on our social media (@sjsm_medicalschool) on Friday, April 15, 2022.In this episode of the series, Dr. Aqsaa Chaudhry will break down this USMLE Step 1 Prep question and explain how you can get to the correct answer in order to prepare for the USMLE Step 1 Exam!Question:  A 15-year-old boy comes to the clinic with complaints of a bump on his stomach. He noticed the lesion a few days ago. He is currently sexually active with multiple partners and does not use protection consistently. He has not had a sexually transmitted infection in the past and his last annual check-up was 2 years ago. The lesion is flesh-colored with central umbilication near the lower abdomen. What is the most probable cause of this patient's lesion?a. DNA virus, non-enveloped, single- stranded and linear structureb. DNA virus, non-enveloped, double- stranded and circular structurec. DNA virus, non-enveloped, double- stranded and linear structured. DNA virus, enveloped, partially double- stranded and circular structuree. DNA virus, enveloped, double- stranded and linear structureCORRECT:e) This patient's lesion describes molluscum contagiosum, a flesh-colored papule with central umbilication. Molluscum contagiosum belongs to the poxvirus family and is a enveloped, double- stranded linear DNA virus. It is often seen in children, however may be sexually transmitted in adults.Shandera, Wayne X., and Eva Clark.. "Other Exanthematous Viral Infections." Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2020 Eds. Maxine A. Papadakis, et al. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill,, http://ezproxy.sjsm.org:2096/content.aspx?bookid=2683§ionid=225055143."Classification of Medically Important Viruses." Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology: A Guide to Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15e Eds. Warren Levinson, et al. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill, , http://ezproxy.sjsm.org:2096/content.aspx?bookid=2381§ionid=187690830.INCORRECT:a) Parvovirus virus, a non-enveloped, single- stranded linear DNA virus, presents as erythema infectiosum (fifth disease, “slapped cheek” rash) in children. It may also present as aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease patients or hydrops fetalis.b) Papillomavirus is a non-enveloped, single- stranded circular DNA virus, the family is human papilloma virus (HPV), which can cause papillomas (warts) without central umbilication and certain strains can lead to cervical carcinoma.c) Adenovirus is a non-enveloped, double- stranded linear DNA virus, that may present with febrile pharyngitis, upper and lower respiratory tract disease.d) Hepadnavirus is an enveloped, partially double- stranded circular DNA virus, that leads to hepatitis B virus that may lead to either acute or chronic hepatitis."Classification of Medically Important Viruses." Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology: A Guide to Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15e Eds. Warren Levinson, et al. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill, , http://ezproxy.sjsm.org:2096/content.aspx?bookid=2381§ionid=187690830.| Socials |Med School Minutes Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1904744Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sjsm_medica...Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mdsjsmLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/school/saint...Website: https://www.sjsm.orgStore: https://sjsmstore.com* These links are affiliated with the channel and support the channel when used*

Nella puntata 405 Valeria ci aggiorna sui casi di epatite pediatrica registrati in Europa e Stati Uniti dei quali non si sa ancora la causa. Giuliano intervista Laura Aiudi della Fondazione Cetacea, recentemente comparsa sulle pagine di Nature per il suo lavoro sull'implementazione del TED (Turtles Excluder Device) nelle flotte di pesca a strascico nell'alto e medio Adriatico. Infine Marco dopo l'immancabile barza brutta ci racconta del futuro della stazione spaziale internazionale e di misteriosi documenti desecretati che fanno riferimento all'uso di bombe atomiche sulla Luna.

Learn all about the vaccinations your dog receives and why! Today we're talking specifically about "core vaccines".  Core vaccines are the ones that should be given to all dogs/puppies and are usually require by law.  Core vaccines (for USA):DHP (also known as DAP): stands for Distemper, Hepatitis (or Adenovirus-2), and Parvo and are usually combined.RabiesNon-core vaccines are given based on your lifestyle and we will be covering the non-core vaccines in a future episode in a couple weeks.FOLLOW WITH A DOG:InstagramTikTokFacebook

If you're a parent, you've probably had this experience many times: Your young child has a high fever, and maybe a sore throat, but you don't know exactly what's wrong. Is it a bacterial infection, in which case an antibiotic might help? Or is it a viral infection, in which case, you just have to wait it out? The symptoms of bacterial and viral infections are often the same, and most of the time, even a doctor can't tell the difference. Viral infections are more common, but sometimes, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic anyway, if only to help the parents feel like they're doing something to help. But what if doctors didn't have to guess anymore? What if there were a fast, easy blood test that a doctor could run in their own office to look for biomarkers that discriminate between bacterial and viral infections? Well, that's the seemingly simple problem that a company called MeMed has been working on solving for 13 years now. Recently MeMed's first testing product got approval from the FDA, and now the company is finally beginning to roll out it out commercially in the US. And here today to tell us more about how it got built, how artificial intelligence fits into this picture, and how rapid diagnosis could change the practice of medicine, is MeMed's co-founder and CEO, Eran Eden.Please rate and review The Harry Glorikian Show on Apple Podcasts! Here's how to do that from an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch:1. Open the Podcasts app on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac. 2. Navigate to The Harry Glorikian Show podcast. You can find it by searching for it or selecting it from your library. Just note that you'll have to go to the series page which shows all the episodes, not just the page for a single episode.3. Scroll down to find the subhead titled "Ratings & Reviews."4. Under one of the highlighted reviews, select "Write a Review."5. Next, select a star rating at the top — you have the option of choosing between one and five stars. 6. Using the text box at the top, write a title for your review. Then, in the lower text box, write your review. Your review can be up to 300 words long.7. Once you've finished, select "Send" or "Save" in the top-right corner. 8. If you've never left a podcast review before, enter a nickname. Your nickname will be displayed next to any reviews you leave from here on out. 9. After selecting a nickname, tap OK. Your review may not be immediately visible.That's it! Thanks so much.TranscriptHarry Glorikian: Hello. I'm Harry Glorikian, and this is The Harry Glorikian Show, where we explore how technology is changing everything we know about healthcare.If you're a parent, you've probably had this experience many times: Your young child has a high fever, and maybe a sore throat, but you don't know exactly what's wrong. Is it a bacterial infection, in which case an antibiotic might help?Or is it a viral infection, in which case, you just have to wait it out?The symptoms of bacterial and viral infections are often the same, and most of the time, even a doctor can't tell the difference.Viral infections are more common, but sometimes, the doctor will prescribe an antibiotic anyway, if only to help the parents feel like they're doing something to help.But what if doctors didn't have to guess anymore? What if there were a fast, easy blood test that a doctor could run in their own office to look for biomarkers that discriminate between bacterial and viral infections?Well, that's the seemingly simple problem that a company called MeMed has been working on solving for 13 years now. Recently MeMed's first testing product got approval from the FDA, and now the company is finally beginning to roll out it out commercially in the US.And here today to tell us more about how it got built, how artificial intelligence fits into this picture, and how rapid diagnosis could change the practice of medicine, is MeMed's co-founder and CEO, Eran Eden.MeMed has a growing office in Boston, but I reached him at the company's first office in Haifa, Israel.Harry Glorikian: Eran, welcome to the show.Eran Eden: Thank you very much for having me.Harry Glorikian: It's great to have you here, I know that there's a significant time difference, so I appreciate like but it still looks like it's really bright and shiny out there right now. So what time is it in in Israel right now?Eran Eden: Five o'clock in the evening,Harry Glorikian: It's five o'clock. All right. Well, you guys have a lot more sun than we do anyway because we're in the middle of winter, but absolutely.Eran Eden: So this, here, is actually full of people as well. So yeah, you don't stop innovation as five o'clock in the evening.Harry Glorikian: So, you know, I was looking at your background and I mean, it's really it's interesting. It's diverse. You have a degree in biology, computer science, systems biology. You were first job was in computer vision data and analysis. But then all of a sudden you wound up starting a company that builds sensors and software for infectious disease. Like, how did you end up down this path, and do you feel like everything that you were doing until you got here was preparing you for it?Eran Eden: Well, I think... A great question. So I think, on the face of it, it obviously the background in data science, as you know, in molecular biology, obviously all of that relates to what we're doing is part of our day to day and it is a good starting point. But in reality, there's a very big gap between what I was trained to do and today, my every day, day to day activity. I would say that probably the most important training that I got during my days at the Weizmann Institute has got less to do with differential equations or molecular biology, and it was more about a story that my mentor, Professor Uri Alon, told me when I was three years into the PhD, about three years into the PhD, he asked me, Am I already in the cloud? He said what? And he said, are you in the cloud? I said, Well, what is the cloud? He said, Well, every PhD, every scientist, when you start your PhD, you know, you have you go you go and read the latest papers in Science and in Nature and you see how somebody starts at Point A, makes a hypothesis about point B and then take the straight line from A to B, and then you say, OK, I'm going to do the same thing and you start at Point A, the known. You shoot for the unknown and you start going and suddenly you hit a roadblock. And then you hit another one and another one. At a certain point, you'd really lose direction, which he called the cloud. You're in the cloud. And then if you have enough perseverance and luck, you find a point C which is not exactly where you thought you're going to end. You go there with, you know, your last energy. And if you're lucky enough, then you publish another paper about how you started at point A, went to point C and connected between the two dots with a straight line. And then you have another generation of PhDs that are asking themselves, Well, why am I the only one that's struggling? And that lesson about how to be in the cloud, how to deal with uncertainty, to deal with failure and still move on. That is probably more important in the training that I got to become an entrepreneur and CEO of a company than any specific scientific knowledge.Harry Glorikian: Ok. Yeah, no, I mean, trial and error, dusting yourself off, getting up and moving forward is, you know, my wife calls me crazy when I keep doing it, but I think you have to be a little on the edge to constantly keep repeating and being willing to fail and then stand up and then move on. Maybe it's a, I think I was reading a paper recently that said forgetting quickly is evolutionary, you know, a positive trait so that you forget what happened, that wasn't good and you keep moving forward. So. But let's talk about your company, MeMed, like you started that in, I believe, it was 2009. And what was your founding vision? I mean, if you can talk about what you and your co-founder did when you came up with this idea, I think you were both studying at the Technion at the time?Eran Eden: Yeah, so so he was studying at the Technion, M.D., Ph.D. I was studying at the Weizmann Institute and Data Science and Biology. And frankly, I would love to tell you a story about a vision, but it started with a game. I don't think we had the presumptions to have really something that would grow to what MeMed actually became today. It was playing. We both have had different reasons first of all for doing this. I can say that from my my end, it was probably a pretty big gap between the places, the caliber of where we were able to publish high impact journals. And when I was looking at myself in the mirror and I was asking myself, Is this actually going to have an impact on real patients? I couldn't really see the connection. There's another reason why I decided to found MeMed or co-found MeMed. That's probably off topic for today. We can take this on a beer some time when we meet face to face. But so it's first of all, it didn't start with a vision. It started with a scratch wanting to apply a some of the know how that we had had in converting between molecular immunology and data science, and to try to solve big, ugly problems that don't have a good solution in 21st century medicine and trying to find something pragmatic now rather than having it a eureka moment. You know, some pioneers describe a eureka moment where suddenly you have the best and coolest idea in vision. For us, it was darkness for almost a year rather than the eureka moment. It is was more like an evolutionary process. Trial and error. We tried a bunch of solutions to problems that didn't really exist until eventually we came up with what we want to work with, but again was no, no eureka, and the way that it actually started was again, Kfir was coming from from med school talking about this problem of of AMR, antimicrobial resistance and the problem of distinguishing between bacterial infections and given our different backgrounds, we said that's interesting. How can we apply immunology and then science to try to solve that, and then at that point, we formulated what was to become MeMed's vision. And MeMed is based on a very simple premise, a very simple idea. Our immune systems have evolved to tell us what's going on our bodies and all we do at MeMed is we listen to the immune response with biochemical sensors and machine learning and what have you. And we use that to translate or decode the immune system into insights that can potentially transform the way that we manage patients with acute infections and inflammatory disorders. The first problem we went after, because that's a very lofty goal, was potentially the most prevalent clinical indication on the face of this planet. A child with sniffles. Our elderly patients that coughs. Come to the doc, they have a fever. As a parent, you're many times hysterical, you're asking yourself, is it a bacterial infection or bowel infection. If it's a bacterium, antibiotics. It's a viral infection, chicken soup. And we said, Well, what if we can harness the immune system? What if we could measure or listen to the immune system in real time and use that to try to aid clinicians to tackle this seemingly simple problem? So the vision was listening to the immune response. In the first embodiment of the first problem we went after is this huge intractable problem, B versus V versus. Bacterial versus viral infection. To treat or not to treat.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, I mean, you know, it's funny, you say simple, and I've worked in this area for a long time and now not simple, not simple, but I've been watching dozens of companies over time try and tackle this problem, and everybody always comes at it and says, Yep, we should be able to do it. And I'm like, OK, that's a big hill, you know, to go and try and die on so. But you got FDA approval for your device in the U.S., and I want to talk about that later. But it did take 13 years. Like to, you know which parts of the process turned out to be harder or slower than you thought it would be?Eran Eden: Before I answer that, I just want a minor correction. I didn't say it's simple. I said it's a seemingly simple problem. In reality, it's an extremely difficult problem to go after. I think some of the most the biggest challenges that we have can be phrased in a very simple manner. But as you alluded to, yeah, it's an intractable problem. Bacterial and viral infections are often clinically indistinguishable. And it took us over a decade to take this from my idea on a napkin and grandmother's kitchen. That's where we found with no garage, it was Grandmother's Kitchen to what is considered a landmark FDA clearance that I think many folks did not believe we're going to be able to get this because it required so many innovations, not only on the technological side, but also on the regulatory side. And when you ask why only a decade? I think it's, we're very lucky that it took us only a decade and it sounds there, let's not call them challenge. Let's call it problems. Challenges is something I always envy the people that have challenges. We have problems with immune, and we work every day to solve those problems, right? So. So there's many problems or hurdles you have to go through. So there's first of all, you have to overcome some pretty big research issues, where do you find these hypothetical molecules of the immune response that go after bacteria and viruses. So research, then you learn the hard way.Eran Eden: The research is very different from development, and development is very different than product, and product is very, very, very different than manufacturing, and manufacturing is very different than regular regulation, and regulation is very different than reimbursement in marketing, which is a very different than commercial, et cetera, et cetera. So it's not good, it's not enough to excel in one thing. You have to really reinvent the wheel on several things, and as a company and as a team, reinvent yourself, and that's probably one of the biggest challenge, probably your biggest impediment to progress is yourself and your team because you might be an excellent data scientist, but you have to talk with the clinician. You might be an excellent clinician, but you have to talk the language of the molecular immunology. You might be very versed in all these three, but it's still not product and it's still not the graphical user interface. And how is that connected to manufacturing and really creating a culture or a team that can combine these seemingly very diverse elements within a small company. That is a very, very daunting and big task, and again, we frankly failed on multiple avenues there. We had to go back, we were in the cloud and we had to reinvent point C again and again and again. So, you know, we were in a very far position that we are today that we thought we were going to be at this stage.Harry Glorikian: So I'm going to ask at some point, you know, after this whole interview is I'm going to encourage you to write the next IVD book because everything you said is absolutely the way that I've seen it over time is, you know, having to bring all these pieces together is not trivial in our world. But let's step back here for a second for everybody that's listening, right? Talk a little bit about basic immune system biology and the, you know, technology behind your diagnostic system. So if someone presents with an inflammatory response, why is it so hard for doctors to destroying distinguish between the bacterial and viral infection?Eran Eden: Because bacterial and viral infections are clinically indistinguishable and you don't have to be an M.D. to to understand this. Intuitively, we know our kids so well. But still, you know, when they have a fever or runny nose, you know, we know that it's 80 percent, 85 percent a viral infection. But what if? What if there's a lingering bacterial infection? And it just it turns out that because of the clinical manifestation is very similar. It's really hard to figure it out. Not only children, also adults with suspected LRTI or a fever without sores, and even when we apply modern, I would say diagnostics, there's still a big gap that remains. So for example, when as a scientific community or a clinical community, when we approach this problem, we have tools at our disposal. A rapid strep test. A rapid influenza tests. Multiplex PCR. In today's world, I think everybody, even my grandmother is talking to me about the difference between rapid antigen tests suddenly becomes a really interesting topic over, you know, weekend dinners, culture. So there's technologies out there. And going back to your question, why is it still, why is there still a gap? And we've identified several things. The first one is probably the most trouble is time to results. Many of the clinical encounters, you want to have the solution here and now where whereas that technology that we have often provide solutions in hours and even days, and that's not always good.Eran Eden: That's one hurdle. Not the biggest one. The second one is that many times the infection site is inaccessible. Take, for example, otitis media, an ear infection or sinusitis or bronchitis or pneumonia. It's really hard to reach the infection side and therefore identify the pathogen. It's one in four patients in the most prevalent disease on Earth. That's really hard. Third, even if you use the best, most broad technology diagnostics to try to identify the bug, say a multiplex PCR. In more than 50 percent, five, zero percent of the cases, you're not be able to put your hands on any microorganism, but you still, as a clinician, have to make a decision. And lastly, there's the issue of colonization. So even if you're lucky, the infection that is readily accessible and you do get some sort of a virus, for example, that you detect, say, for example, an influenza or or let's take a rhinovirus, the rhinovirus is very prevalent in children. That's a problem. It's very prevalent in children. Even if you take seemingly healthy children in a very high percentage of those children, they're going to have a rhinovirus. So mere detection does not apply causality. All this complexity is sunk into this few minutes that the clinician basically needs to make a decision, and it's a really hard dilemma because it's hard to know to distinguish between the two and the ramifications could be quite significant.Harry Glorikian: So I know the answer to the question, but I'm going to ask it so you can explain it is: So who cares? I mean, I know that it's ineffective to treat a viral infection with antibiotics and that only you know, that only work against a bacteria, but you know. We've been doing a trial and error, so what's the downside of doing that?Eran Eden: So it's actually a pretty deep, it's a very deep question because there are several layers. You're right, this sometimes people actually say there's several layers to answering because the first one is, well, if you treat erroneously, with antibiotics, antibiotics, because of this uncertainty, there's a lot of antibiotics overuse that one of the consequences of this it drives anti microbial resistance, which basically means that the drugs don't work anymore. And if we continue on that path, we will potentially lose modern medicine because if you lose the potency of antibiotics, you cannot treat infants when they have an infection. Or an oncology patient that would succumb to a parasitic infection, or even yet have your wisdom tooth pulled out, because antibiotics won't be effective. And there's several quite influential studies that came out in the last few years. The last one actually in The Lancet came out two weeks ago portraying a world without antibiotics, which is, you know, we're seeing right now the consequences of COVID SARS-CoV2. Some might argue it's not a smaller problem. So that's and it has both clinical and health economic consequences. According to Jim O'Neill, over $100 billion by 2050 in lost GDP.Eran Eden: And. And it's a big number, right? It's a really, really big number. And maybe, maybe it's overly inflated and maybe it's conservative, but it's a big problem. The issue is that nobody cares. Sometimes the individual doesn't care because the doctor, right now, when he has a patient in front of him, he doesn't think about the masses. He thinks about the patient. So you might ask, well, what the doctor care. Why does the patient care? And it turns out that there is an angle on the personal level as well, not only the societal level. If you give erroneous antibiotics, you can drive anaphylactic responses. You can drive allergies, which have a toll. But then there's another element that people are less aware of. In addition to overuse, there's also simultaneously underuse. One in five patients that have a bacterial infection are not receiving antibiotics in time. There's much less publication on that. But it is a reality. And that also has consequences, including prolonged disease, duration and sometimes even morbidity and mortality. So it's a really delicate equation, right? You don't treat. And you don't want to get ... some countries overtreat, some undertreat. And again, at the end of the day, the day to day, it does have ramifications both from the patient and on the doctor.Harry Glorikian: You know, if we could accurately treat people right, I think there would be a whole host of issues that could get solved and a whole host of issues that wouldn't emerge because of overtreatment or treating the wrong people that you know, we could spend hours over a beer discussing the microbiome and allergies and all sorts of other consequences of doing this. [musical interlude]Harry Glorikian: Let's pause the conversation for a minute to talk about one small but important thing you can do, to help keep the podcast going. And that's leave a rating and a review for the show on Apple Podcasts.All you have to do is open the Apple Podcasts app on your smartphone, search for The Harry Glorikian Show, and scroll down to the Ratings & Reviews section. Tap the stars to rate the show, and then tap the link that says Write a Review to leave your comments. It'll only take a minute, but you'll be doing a lot to help other listeners discover the show.And one more thing. If you like the interviews we do here on the show I know you'll like my new book, The Future You: How Artificial Intelligence Can Help You Get Healthier, Stress Less, and Live Longer.It's a friendly and accessible tour of all the ways today's information technologies are helping us diagnose diseases faster, treat them more precisely, and create personalized diet and exercise programs to prevent them in the first place.The book is now available in print and ebook formats. Just go to Amazon or Barnes & Noble and search for The Future You by Harry Glorikian.And now, back to the show.[musical interlude]Harry Glorikian: So your system, which is, I love, is a basic blood test, right? So the MeMed BV looks at three immune system proteins in the blood: TRAIL, IP 10 and CRP. So how are these proteins related to infection and how can measuring their levels tell you about the nature of the infection?Eran Eden: Ok, so. Each one of those proteins that you just mentioned plays a critical role in the immune response to different invaders, bacteria and viruses. What's special about this particular trio, is that they work really well as a team. Maybe if you take a step backward to identify them, we had to run for about four years what is arguably the largest prospective proteomic study ever to be conducted of the human response to acute infections. And start with a host of multiple tens of thousand proteins bioinfomatically and then down-select this eventually to three. And these three, while none of them is perfect in itself, they cover one another's blind spots. So let's go one level deeper. When we went on this, one of the things where we were surprised to find out that is a clinical community, we've been obsessed with the bacterial side of the equation. Every biomarker that you have in 21st century medicine, 20th and 21st century medicine, has been mostly predominantly upregulated in bacterial infection. Procalcitonin: bacterial infections, CRP: bacterial infections, white blood count: bacterial infections, absolute neutrophil count, which we use as part of routine day to day care: bacterial infections. What about the viral side of the equation? We couldn't find one that was used or cleared by FDA as part of 21st century medicine. The last. The reason the FDA cleared us, we actually just cleared the first viral protein ever to be cleared by FDA. And so we went on this fishing expedition and four years into the process, again, this was 2009-2013. We identified this trio. TRAIL Is a protein that shoots up in your bloodstream when you have a viral infection, whether it's a common influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza or corona, and it has this very unique property that it goes down when you have a bacterial infection, why nobody really understands the reason. But it really creates a very dramatic full change because of this up and down type of a response. And the story there, there's a lot of interesting stories around TRAIL, but one of the ways mechanisms by which it does that it causes the cells that are infected by viruses to commit apoptosis. Cells suicide. And by that, protect the brethren cells. So that's one of the mechanisms that the body is using.Eran Eden: The second one is called IP 10, which is an interferon. This protein basically shoots up in your bloodstream if you have a general infection, and more so if you have a viral infection. It recently got a lot of headlines in the context of SARS-CoV-2 and hyperactivity of the immune response. It's also associated with lung injury, but a really interesting biomarker that plays a critical role there in clearance of infections. The third one is called C-reactive protein, that's been around for about 40 years. Goes up in bacterial. And the nice thing about them? They work as a team. So as I said, they're not perfect. So take, for example, CRP. It's reasonably OK after 48 hours. But because it takes it to about 48 hours to reach maximum level, but in the early phases, you have a blind spot. Whereas TRAIL, at time of symptom onset, it's already differentiated, so they cover one another. By the way, we didn't identify this. The computer identified that. This is a lot of insights that we had in hindsight when we were looking.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, that was going to be my next question, which is. You know, the the heart of the show is always like, you know, artificial intelligence and its whole basket of tools and biology. So how does machine learning come into this process? Is there some corpus of training data that shows that certain levels of these three proteins correlate? Or can you tell us, you know, how you developed that part of the system?Eran Eden: Absolutely. And I think again, I was teaching a machine learning at the Weizmann Institute over a decade ago before it was a sexy topic. You know, people are using the term machine learning and data science so often so frequent. I think what's important to say is that machine learning is part of the component technology, but there's hardcore immunology and molecular biology. So it's not just one technology that we're, you know, it's a it's a very high entry barrier because of that and adds to the complexity. So that's one thing, just to put machine learning in context. Where machine learning plays an important role here is two places: in the development and in the final product. In the development, there's a process of how do you find the optimal team of biomarkers that would give you the the best performance? And over there, there's a lot of activities around using publicly available data sets and and proprietary data sets and data analysis and statistical analysis and feature selection and find the right models, et cetera, et cetera, coming up with what is the right model. Some of these are more conventional tests. Some of these are more cutting edge tests in the final product. It basically uses what's called a supervised learning approach, which basically means the following. Imagine every problem in here, I'm going to be a little bit technical here. Imagine you have, let's say one feature. Say a viral biomarker. TRAIL. High levels, viruses, low levels, bacteria. You find some sort of cutoff that separates between the two. It was the most informative biomarker that we found.Eran Eden: Is it good? It's reasonably good, but there's no perfect biomarkers out there. We don't have them, nor do we believe they exist. Nor do we believe in unicorns, even though my daughter is trying to continually persuade me that there is one. Then you add another biomarker to that. Imagine that you have right now a two dimensional grid. And now suddenly, every patient is met this two dimensional coordinates and you have a cloud of bacterial and the cloud of viruses. And you find a line that separates the two. And then a third dimension and a fourth and so forth and so on. And eventually, the problem becomes how can I find this type of plane or hyper surface that separates between the cloud of bacteria and the cloud of viruses? This is the essence of the machine learning and the way you go about this. You train give it a lot of patients, a lot of data, and then you train the system. And the more data you have, the smarter it becomes. The same principle applies for doing diagnostics in oncology, span detection, computer vision and what have you. It's the same underlying, often similar underlying principles to try to solve many of these problems. So hopefully I was able to to simplify and somewhat exaggerate how this is actually working and where the AI plays here.Harry Glorikian: So what's that accuracy rate of the diagnosis from your system? And is there are certain things, let's say it's good at in certain things, it's maybe not so good at?Harry Glorikian: Yeah, absolutely. So so if you look at the overarching population, if you look at our pivotal FDA study, the AUC, the area under the operating curve, the entire population was 0.9 to 0.97 across different cohorts, which is considered very high. So that's the short answer. The more we see deeper level, it's there's obviously nuances across different populations. One of the things you have to show is what happens in children versus adults. Upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, et cetera, et cetera. So we've shown a relatively consistent and robust response. That's how the system was developed. But there are, for example, certain viruses that we know that we perform less accurate. For example, adenoviruses. Adenoviruses are notoriously hard to to treat well. By the way, they're one of the most prevalent, for example, viruses in children, why? Because the immune response looks like a bacterial infection. For many, many reasons. So white blood count is going to be elevated. Procalcitonin is going to be elevated, CRP is going to be elevated and we're often going to overtreat with antibiotics. So if you look at our performance in that particular sub-cohort, our performance drops somewhat from, you know, a 0.90-something to maybe 0.89, but that's actually one of the viruses that we see the most added value because compared to standard of care, it's many times close to flipping a coin.Eran Eden: So even though our performance is eroded in this particular virus. The standard of care in this particular situation is particularly challenged, and it's almost 0.5, 06. so that's one example. There's multiple examples. We can study the immune response to pathogens again for almost a decade now. This is just one interesting anecdote. And I think just connecting this to the who cares question that you had. So here's an interesting case that we had a few weeks ago. A child, young, three years old, coming to a major medical center, not really sure if it's a bacterial or viral. Ran a PCR, came positive for adenoviruses and it looked a little bit bacterial. But yeah, OK. Adenovirus explains everything. Released home. Got a 99 score. 99 probability of bacterial infection. So they start to do additional follow up and then it eventually turned out to be a bacterial axis in the spinal cord of that particular child. It had to be mechanically removed. This is a very dramatic case. This is one of those potentially underused cases that could be very dramatic. This is very rare. It doesn't happen often. But again, it's hard. It's really, really tricky to distinguish between infections and we added this right now, this is how everything maps together to the adenoviruses and and to why we think this could be helpful.Harry Glorikian: So, you know, like I said earlier in the show, you know, you got FDA approval and granted 510K clearance back in September, which congratulations, that's a huge step. But you know, for everybody listening, what Gates does, does that open for you. What's the pathway to getting the device out into the market?Eran Eden: So as you said, first of all, you have to get the clearance, which I think took us almost five years working with FDA. FDA, by the way, we've worked with them extremely collaboratively and they've been instrumental in helping us form and shape, what's the methodology to actually prove something. We didn't talk about this? But how do you prove that absence or presence of bacterial viral infection in the absence of a true gold standard? So let's put that thing aside. We were able to work with FDA and come up with a methodology to do that. So now, what is required to take it to the next step? There's several things. The first one you need, and we didn't talk about this, you need a way to measure those biomarkers. You need a platform. Right, one of the challenges that we had is that in the early days, none of the big strategic players, the Roches, the Abbotts, the DiaSorins of the world were willing to bet on this because the risk were so high, as you alluded to in the beginning, the graveyard. And nobody got FDA clearance, so they basically they wouldn't. They were not willing to bet on us today. Some of them become partners and we're working with them. So it's, you know, there's been great development. But at that time, it was really hard. The platform is also challenged because some of the proteins are picograms, some are nanogram and some are micro per mil, which poses again the challenge from a technological perspective. Again, not going too much into the technology side, but we've been able to come up with a technology or a platform that can actually measure multiple proteins across almost a six to nine order of magnitude range. And so you have to have a platform and can do that in about 15 minutes right now, serum working in whole blood.Eran Eden: The second thing you need, you need obviously manufacturing capability, which is again, a different story, you have to manufacture the cartridge. The third thing you need is building the clinical evidence beyond, I mean, FDA's great, but you have to create what's called a clinical utility, real world evidence, what have you, working with peers. Work with partners or with clinicians working the societies. Publishing. Building a commercial team which we're right now established commercial team in the U.S. So there's multiple things. And probably last but not least, this is too big of a challenge to go at it by yourself. You need to have partners. Whether it's governments, the U.S. Department of Defense, the European Commission have funded this heavily and have been amazing partners, whether it's strategic partners, you can take it by yourself versus vs not one market. It's markets. You have patients in the wards and the EDs and the urgent care physicians' offices, retail clinics. No single player has enough of a presence in one platform that covers it all. So again, we've announced about a year ago, you know, the first partnership with DiasSorin, which has today almost a thousand installed installed across Europe and the US in these large automated immunoassay machines. And that's covering certain parts of the market that are overlapping or, sorry, that are complementary where we're going at. So that's a little bit of what needs to be done. But again, it's changing the boundaries of what what we've been doing so far, and that's always a it's always a challenge, but also an opportunity.Harry Glorikian: So you guys raised I believe it was $93 million, if I remember the number correctly, in new funding, which sort of really adds to the firepower of being able to take that next step, but. You know, can you can you envision a future where we get a solid diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan, you know, quickly while you're in the doctor's office?Eran Eden: Oh, yeah.Harry Glorikian: That was the shortest answer you've given yet.Eran Eden: I think you can be much more radical. I think there's several things that are happening. There's two major discontinuities. There's a technological discontinuity. There's a regulatory discontinuity. And I'll actually add another one, which is there's a psychological discontinuity. The technology that we can do today that we have today, the tip of our fingers can do can provide so much valuable information that can help make better decisions. The regulatory framework has changed because of COVID, it's basically shattered a lot of things. And from a psychological perspective, I think there's a push to polarization, right? Both decentralization and centralization at the same time. And so I definitely see that happening. I think we can take this several step further. How can we take it from physician's office, also retail clinics and even further? And that will take time, obviously, because we're dealing here with some pretty, pretty deep questions. But I think the world across multiple fields and this is not different than anything else. I think it's definitely going in that direction.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, no, I mean, I was going to, you know, looking at what you've created and, you know, obviously first getting everybody on board, but then seeing how it can be deployed at a CVS or something like that, it could drum, you know, you could have a dramatic impact on how we manage patients. The whole antibiotic dynamic and maybe even relieving stress on the system so that, you know, it doesn't get overwhelmed by what your system may be able to sort of help get to a much faster, much more accurate answer too.Eran Eden: I wanted to say relieving stress from stressed mothers and fathers. But yeah, I agree with you also, relief. And by the way, as you start going from more centralized to decentralized, there's obviously additional workflow challenges. How do you make this simpler? There's regulatory bars that you have to meet. How do you go from a mod complex to a clear waived test that can actually go to those directions so that there's we still have we have work, there's work, work to be done. But I think we've been able to potentially break a glass ceiling in terms of getting the clearance. And now I think with that, there's going to be additional innovation that will come in both by us and others who are entering the space.Harry Glorikian: So. Just slightly moving to one side is like, how has MeMed responded to say, COVID-19? I think you guys have developed a test that runs on your platform and predicts how severe the infection will be. How does that test work? Did your previous work, you know, and also did your previous work like on the platform prep you for this virus? Just curious how it works and how you got there?Eran Eden: Absolutely so. So it always starts with the clinical question. I mean, many of us are technophiles, but at the end of the day it's about solving a real problem. And the problem here is the following. You have see SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting to the ED. And one of the questions that we have in mind is whether that patient is going to deteriorate or not. Do we escalate treatment or not? And it's a real question, right? And the more you know, the more stress the system is feeling because, you know, because of the the peak of a pandemic, the more important that is. So we said, Well, how can we harness the technology? Is the framework that we created host response in general, right? The biomarkers we've developed, the platform that we have, the Biobank and what have you. And so and how can we take a process that maybe took 10 years and now collapsed into something maybe that's 10 months? How do you get a 10 X? And and first of all, with amazing partners around the globe, you start running huge clinical studies to basically collect patient samples. We also use again information from the public domains, our own repositories, our own previous data because from many perspectives. Sars-cov-2 is very interesting, but guess what? Similar to SARS and to other types of severe viruses, there's differences, but also commonalities.Eran Eden: So we use a lot of the bioinformatics, the previous data samples. Current data samples. The know how and the platform that's readily available right now. They can measure basically anything to collapse this and develop. This is probably just got clearance in Europe that basically allows to take a snapshot, the main response again in real time. Give you a risk stratification regarding the probability of a patient to experience severe outcome defined as ICU level of care and mortality within two weeks. Again, it's only clear right now in Europe, not cleared in the U.S. and we view this also as a stepping stone going beyond just COVID severity to a general severity signature. So what you do, both B versus V and severity, what if you could do it in the same cartridge or what have you? So I think what's what's really interesting, we build here this core technology. We went after one big problem, B versus V, but now that you have that, you're like a child in a candy store. There's many more things that you can do. And rather than taking you a decade, you can start to collapsing things because there's a lot of there's a lot of. Resources that you can now leverage or platform that you can leverage, so that's a story around MeMed and COVID severity.Harry Glorikian: Yeah, platforms are wonderful in that way, right, that I like a platform more than I like, like a, you know, sharpshooter bullet, from an investment perspective. Thinking about it that way. But so. You recently got COVID. We were supposed to talk like over a week ago, and I, you know, we had to postpone it. Did you use the test on yourself? I mean, if you did, like did it work the way you thought it was going to?Eran Eden: Yeah, so so yeah, I got my I got it from my daughter. We went on a trip and five out of five family members got infected. So yes, it was at least from our small experiment. It was very infectious. We got the Omicron. Actually we didn't have symptoms, apart from the fact that I think it just jacked up the energy level of my kids. So before we talk about running around the house and thank God, you know, my wife didn't didn't kill any one of them. So there's no casualties from this, from this infection. So because we didn't have symptoms, we didn't go to the ED. It was not relevant. You have to have SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. So in that case, no, no, no need. I mean, we were pretty much hunky dory. But what I can tell you is that on the B versus V. Again, it's potentially bacterial and viral infections are potentially the most prevalent indication in children. And my children, those little incubators of bacteria and viruses, are no exception. So I had a chance to use the technology on my kids many, many times, including last time was about a month and a half ago, and my eldest daughter, who is four, before going to a business trip. And my wife is asking, is it a bacterial infection? I said, I don't know. She spits on me. The shoemaker is going barefoot. So we ran it. It was a viral infection. No antibiotics. Went back to school. So and I got a lot of brownie points with my wife and my mother in law, which is obviously always very, very strategic.Harry Glorikian: That's that's a good one. That's always helpful. Exactly.Eran Eden: So we're actually using this quite often in our families as well. And it's very very gratifying.Harry Glorikian: Interesting. Excellent. So now you guys are, you know, I believe you have an office in Haifa, which I remember as being beautiful and hilly and wonderful food, and then you have Boston. You know. What are the strengths of being in these two locations. What happens in Boston that can't happen in Haifa and vice versa?Eran Eden: Well, again, we're going after a global problem and you have to have a global team to have a global perspective. Whatever you have in San Francisco today, you have tomorrow in Shanghai and the day after that in Tel Aviv. So you have to look at this from a global perspective, number one. Number two, since the US is the primary market, as I said, we have to build a very significant presence in the U.S.. Why specifically Boston? Very talented pool of, a pool of talent that's very wide in the domain. There's a big overlap in terms of hours between Boston and Tel Aviv, so you can grow one unified team. And that's basically, that's where we're basically building our U.S. headquarter. And the team is quite complementary. Again, we've we've recruited by now roughly 25 to 30 folks, folks with a very strong background, both IBD, Troy Battelle, formerly Thermo Fisher, who's buying commercial for microbiology in the Americas. Fred, who is running Corp Dev, from bioMérieux. Again, another large multinational, Jim Kathrein was former head of sales for BioFire. Again, not sure if your audience is familiar with but and so forth and so on.Eran Eden: And Will Harris was running our marketing global marketing, is ex-Amazon and then before that, 15 years in IBD. So it's really bring here a blend of, we call this affectionately an anti disciplinary team. We don't care about disciplines, we care about solving big, ugly problems. So you have to bring the IBD experts with the clinicians, with the folks and the big data science side or in the molecular immunology and the manufacturing. And nobody knows, single location has all the know how, no single location has the recipe because frankly, we're doing here something new. There is no real tech like this. And so bringing those this pool of talent, I think has really helped us, propels us moving forward. And it is the bridge to be able to to launch in the U.S., a U.S. very focused, commercially marketing product where a lot of the I would say more of the molecular immunology data science team is more in Israel. I'm simplifying and exaggerating. That's some of the team.Harry Glorikian: So the last funding round, was that the argument to the investors, like we need to hire these types of people to help blow this out? What was what was the rationale for that last round?Eran Eden: So, so basically three things. Number one, commercialization. U.S. Europe, Israel. That's our initial focus and then the rest of the world. Second is product pipeline, so we talked about bacterial versus viral infection and a bit about COVID severity. But what would you do if you had a blank canvas and these platforms to go after the new response to measure the immune response? What additional big problems would you go after? So it turns out that there's some pretty interesting stuff in. We're working on additional activities. So that's the second thing product pipeline. And the third thing is a scaling manufacturing. So as I think people have a new appreciation for manufacturing and supply chain during COVID times, it's a really big topic and critical for success. So this these are the three major elements that we raise the funds for.Harry Glorikian: No sounds I've I've been I've seen this rodeo a few times, so yes, I understand completely. So, well, you know, especially because I come from the diagnostic world and I can't wish you enough success because we need more products like this out on the market to help us manage patients and help give physicians better information so that they can make better decisions, right? More informed decisions than just, you know, looking at a patient and trying to figure out what's going on. So I wish you incredible success and I'm, you know, great. Great to have you on the show.Eran Eden: Thank you so much for for the kind invitation. Enjoyed our discussion.Harry Glorikian: Thanks.Harry Glorikian: That's it for this week's episode. You can find a full transcript of this episode as well as the full archive of episodes of The Harry Glorikian Show and MoneyBall Medicine at our website. Just go to glorikian.com and click on the tab Podcasts.I'd like to thank our listeners for boosting The Harry Glorikian Show into the top three percent of global podcasts.If you want to be sure to get every new episode of the show automatically, be sure to open Apple Podcasts or your favorite podcast player and hit follow or subscribe. Don't forget to leave us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts. And we always love to hear from listeners on Twitter, where you can find me at hglorikian.Thanks for listening, stay healthy, and be sure to tune in two weeks from now for our next interview.

This episode is an update of our recent article "Corona Virus Vaccine Ethics." --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/cbhd/support

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This episode covers adenovirus!

A rehab facility in Haskell NJ has been in the news cycle for the past week as they deal with an adenovirus outbreak. To date, 26 cases have been reported, primarily pediatric patients and nine have died. What is adenovirus and why the high percentage of deaths in this outbreak? Joining me to answer these questions is Amesh Adalja, MD. Dr Adalja is a Senior Scholar at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security.