Podcasts about Arkansas National Guard

Arkansas Governor and ex-Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders joined Standpoint to dissect the immediate change under the Trump administration, what we can expect for the future of America under Trump, and what it is like to be the only Father-Daughter governor duo in American history. Governor Sanders explained her thoughts on giving states more power over school choice, banning cell phones in schools, and explaining why she sent the Arkansas National Guard to the Texas-Mexican border.

This Day in Legal History: Orval Faubus Resists Brown v. Board of EducationOn September 4, 1957, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus made a highly controversial decision to call in the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine Black students, known as the "Little Rock Nine," from entering Central High School. This action directly defied a federal court order mandating the integration of public schools, following the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. Faubus argued that the move was necessary to prevent violence, but critics saw it as a blatant attempt to resist desegregation.The crisis quickly escalated into a national issue. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by deploying the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock on September 24, 1957, and federalized the Arkansas National Guard to ensure that the students could safely attend school. This marked one of the most significant federal interventions in a state's civil rights matter during the 20th century. The standoff highlighted the ongoing resistance to civil rights in the South and the federal government's increasing role in enforcing civil rights legislation. Central High School became a symbol of the struggle to dismantle Jim Crow segregation, and the courage of the Little Rock Nine became a defining moment in the broader civil rights movement.After leaving the governorship, Orval Faubus made several unsuccessful attempts to reclaim his political position, running in the Democratic primaries in 1970, 1974, and 1986 but losing to prominent figures such as Dale Bumpers, David Pryor, and Bill Clinton. Despite these defeats, Faubus remained active in politics and made a surprising shift in the 1980s by supporting civil rights leader Jesse Jackson during the 1984 and 1988 Democratic presidential primaries. Faubus passed away from prostate cancer on December 14, 1994, and was laid to rest in Combs, Arkansas.Former U.S. President Donald Trump announced in a court filing that he would plead not guilty to the charges in a revised indictment accusing him of trying to overturn the 2020 election. The indictment, brought by Special Counsel Jack Smith, reiterates the original four charges, including fraud and obstruction related to the election's certification. Trump chose to waive his court appearance, allowing his attorneys to enter the plea on his behalf. The indictment was revised after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Trump has broad immunity from prosecution over actions taken during his presidency. Trump's legal team and prosecutors are set to meet to determine next steps following the court's decision.Trump to plead not guilty to charges in revised US indictment | ReutersA U.S. judge ruled that former President Donald Trump cannot move his New York hush-money case to federal court, denying his bid to delay sentencing beyond the November 2024 election. U.S. District Judge Alvin Hellerstein stated that Trump's actions, involving hush-money payments to Stormy Daniels, were private and unrelated to his presidential duties, falling outside the bounds of federal jurisdiction. Trump argued the case should be dismissed based on the Supreme Court's ruling granting broad immunity to presidents for official conduct, but Hellerstein found the payments were not part of his official role. Trump has filed an appeal, continuing his efforts to transfer the case, while his sentencing remains scheduled for September 18. The case stems from Trump's conviction for falsifying business records related to a $130,000 payment to Daniels to suppress claims of a past affair during the 2016 campaign.Trump Loses Bid to Move NY Hush-Money Case to Federal Court (3)Starlink, Elon Musk's satellite broadband company, has complied with a Brazilian Supreme Court order to block access to the social media platform X in Brazil, after initially resisting the directive. The court's order, issued by Judge Alexandre de Moraes, included freezing Starlink's accounts to secure potential fines owed by X, which is also owned by Musk. Despite calling the freeze illegal, Starlink announced it would follow the court order. Brazil's telecom regulator, Anatel, confirmed that Starlink had begun restricting access to X. The platform was ordered blocked for lacking a legal representative in Brazil, a decision upheld by the Supreme Court. Starlink has since initiated legal proceedings challenging the order, arguing it violates Brazil's constitution. The conflict stems from a prior Moraes ruling that targeted X for spreading misinformation and hate speech, which Musk denounced as censorship. Some users in Brazil continue to access X through alternative methods like VPNs.Starlink backtracks, complies with order blocking X in Brazil, says regulator | ReutersA group of Republican-led states filed a lawsuit on September 3, 2024, seeking to block the Biden administration's new student loan relief plan. The lawsuit, filed in the Southern District of Georgia, claims the U.S. Education Department is overstepping its authority by pushing forward with a revised debt forgiveness plan after previous versions were halted by courts. This follows the Supreme Court's August 28 refusal to reinstate Biden's earlier loan forgiveness initiative. The latest plan, which targets borrowers with increasing loan balances or those in repayment for over 20 years, is being challenged for allegedly circumventing prior court injunctions. The states, including Missouri and Georgia, argue the plan is unlawfully advancing and seek an immediate restraining order. Biden has continued efforts to reduce student debt after his initial forgiveness plan, which aimed to cancel up to $20,000 in loans for millions, was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2023.Biden Student Loan Relief Plan Faces Fresh GOP-Led Lawsuit This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Arkansas National Guard soldiers train in water based operations including overturning their team's Zodiac boat.

SMA Raymond Chandler hosts international students at his house. Alabama and Arkansas National Guard are helping tornado victims, a shadow run honors a fallen comrade.

Traye McCool is a former colleague, historian, college history professor, and member of the Arkansas National Guard who is finally making his first appearance on the show! It was great getting to sit down and catch up with my friend and talk a little about history and current events. We discuss issues surrounding the upcoming election, gun control, law enforcement training, and more. Enjoy the show.

More than nine 9,000 deaths in Arkansas; $20 million is expected to repair some of the state's roads and bridges; Construction work is planned at Little Rock's 12th street police station; Arkansas National Guard has been ordered to pay more than $130,000 in lost pay and damages; Arkansas' Joe Johnson has signed a 10-day contract with the Boston Celtics

In this episode of WeARtheGuard we continue in our series of conversations with Commanders in the Arkansas National Guard. This week, we are speaking with Lt. Col. Bettye Dufour. When Lt. Col. Dufour sat down with WeARtheGuard, she was serving as the commander of the 777th Aviation Support Battalion, 77th Theater Aviation Brigade. “Making a difference has always been one of my big motivators," said Lt. Col. Dufour. “As both a person and a leader.” You can listen/subscribe to our podcasts on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Apple Podcasts: http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504 DVIDS: https://www.dvidshub.net/podcast/alpha/W/page/1 Catch us to/from work, in the gym, or whenever you have an opportunity and Thank you for listening.

This episode is part of the White River National Wildlife Refuge series of interviews conducted on site during the 2021 annual coon hunt.  In this episode Steve sits down with Nubbin Moore and their mutual friend Phillip Herron.  Herron is best known as the do-everything, man-in-the-black-hat at the annual American Black and Tan Coonhound Association's annual Black and Tan Days.Herron served 22 years in the US Army and Arkansas National Guard.  He is a breeder of world class Black and Tan Coonhounds and has served as the number one guy in the association's outreach to youth for a number of years.Herron was the subject of an article Steve wrote a few years ago called “A Cat With Nine Lives” outlining Herron's many scrapes with death and serious injury in the military and while hunting.   In this episode, Phillip and Steve at age 75 and Nubbin at age 80, discuss why they are still actively involved in coon hunting despite their ages.   Come on in to the hunting camp and sit a spell.  The coon hunting conversation flows like the currents of the famous White River on whose banks it stands. 

In our local news today: Harps announces plans to relocate to former Kroger building; a fire destroys a garage at the CC Sheriff's Office; we'll talk about additional COVID deaths and a significant increase in local cases; the Arkansas National Guard & State Police deployed to Louisiana for hurricane assistance; local unemployment rates decline in July; we'll check sports, and have a visit with Morgan Zimmerman on behalf of Main Street Morrilton.

In this episode of WeARtheGuard, we sit down with Col. Jon Stubbs, Commander of the 39th Infantry Brigade Combat team. Tune in over the Independence Day holiday as he talks about the challenges over the past 18 months, getting ready for the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC), our families and employers, the ACFT, being "fit to fight, ready to win", and his message to the Bowie team. "In my most humble opinion, I have the best job in the Arkansas National Guard and the United State Army as the commander of the 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team." - COL Johnathan Stubbs You can listen/subscribe to our podcasts on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Apple Podcasts: http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504 DVIDS: https://www.dvidshub.net/podcast/alpha/W/page/1 Catch us to/from work, in the gym, or whenever you have an opportunity and Thank you for listening.

In this episode of WeARtheGuard we continue in our series of conversations with Commanders in the Arkansas National Guard. This week, we are speaking with recently promoted Maj. Megan Thomas. When Maj. Thomas sat down with WeARtheGuard, she was serving in a command position with Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2-153rd Infantry Battalion, 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. Since this recording, she has been assigned to command Bravo Company, 2-153rd (Batesville/Augusta), and will command the unit through the Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk, Louisiana in July & August, 2021. "Infantry officers want to command an infantry company," said MAJ Thomas. "This is why we're are here, and this is one of the highlights of my career as a commissioned officer. I am really looking forward to commanding the best citizen-Soldiers our state has to offer.” You can listen/subscribe to our podcasts on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Apple Podcasts: http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504 DVIDS: https://www.dvidshub.net/podcast/alpha/W/page/1 Catch us to/from work, in the gym, or whenever you have an opportunity and Thank you for listening.

In the latest edition of WeARtheGuard, we interview Spc. Hannah Lomax, a Soldier assigned to the 106th Army Band, a dual-major student at Arkansas Tech. University and a contestant in the 2021 in the Miss Arkansas Pageant. Tune in to our podcast and hear about the personal courage required to “step up and speak out about” important situations and break down some of the walls that, particularly females, face in military life. She advises Soldiers in the Guard to “Never be afraid to push past your own fear.” You can listen/subscribe to our podcasts on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Apple Podcasts: http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504 DVIDS: https://www.dvidshub.net/podcast/alpha/W/page/1 Catch us to/from work, in the gym, or whenever you have an opportunity and Thank you for listening.

The Arkansas National Guard recognizes May as Mental Health Awareness Month to address the prevalence of mental illness and share information on the resources to address it. During May, we will promote the theme "What Works for Me" to stimulate conversation among providers, Guardsmen, employees and other members of our Guard community to share the tools that support their own mental health and emphasize the effectiveness of evidence-based treatment available to all service members and families. This month, service members, leaders, and health care providers will share what works for them to sustain their mental health, and relieve stress, sleep better, practice self-care, and more. In addition to sharing resources and ways our Guardsmen can boost their own mental health and resilience, the ARNG is emphasizing those resources through three separate PodCast interviews with Behavioral Health, Mental Health, Community Health, and Chaplaincy services. All of those approaches can make real improvements in your mental health and quality of life. In this episode of WeARtheGuard we speak with Arkansas National Guard Behavioral Health Professional Dr. Dawson Williams about how he can help Soldiers, Airmen and their families. Looking for resources for Mental Health Awareness Month? Check out a message on our website from the Director of Psychological Health and connect with our Behavioral Health resources at Caution-https://arkansas.nationalguard.mil/Home/Behavioral-Health/ You can also visit https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/MHS-Toolkits/May-Toolkit for more information. To listen/subscribe to our podcasts please goto: Spotify, https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Or Apple Podcasts, http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504

The Arkansas National Guard recognizes May as Mental Health Awareness Month to address the prevalence of mental illness and share information on the resources to address it. During May, we will promote the theme "What Works for Me" to stimulate conversation among providers, Guardsmen, employees and other members of our Guard community to share the tools that support their own mental health and emphasize the effectiveness of evidence-based treatment available to all service members and families. This month, service members, leaders, and health care providers will share what works for them to sustain their mental health, and relieve stress, sleep better, practice self-care, and more. In addition to sharing resources and ways our Guardsmen can boost their own mental health and resilience, the ARNG is emphasizing those resources through three separate PodCast interviews with Behavioral Health, Mental Health, Community Health, and Chaplaincy services. All of those approaches can make real improvements in your mental health and quality of life. In this episode of WeARtheGuard we speak with Arkansas National Guard Chaplain (LTC) Jeremy Miller about how he can help Soldiers, Airmen and their families. Looking for resources for Mental Health Awareness Month? Check out a message on our website from the Director of Psychological Health and connect with our Behavioral Health resources at Caution-https://arkansas.nationalguard.mil/Home/Behavioral-Health/ You can also visit https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/MHS-Toolkits/May-Toolkit for more information. To listen/subscribe to our podcasts please goto: Spotify, https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Or Apple Podcasts, http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504

On this episode Major General Elder Granger, M.D. US Army (retired) joins Greg to discuss health care and the military. Dr. Granger currently the President and CEO of THE 5Ps, LLC, a health care, education, and leadership consulting organization. He also serves on the board of directors for CignaHealth, Cerner and Defense Logistics Health. Dr. Granger’s interest in medicine started young with a high school science project on sickle cell anemia. Dr. Granger also participated in a summer program for the Arkansas National Guard in high school and later joined the National Guard, which began his military career. Dr. Granger became an active duty army medic before college and participated in ROTC throughout college and medical school. Greg begins by asking how medicine in the military is different from the private sector. Dr. Granger explains that in the military you learn to provide good medicine in challenging environments. For a condition like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), screening is critical and service men and women are routinely screened pre-deployment, during deployment and post-deployment. The private sector has a lot to learn from the military on screening and treatment for PTSD, and this can be applied to patients struggling with trauma from the COVID-19 pandemic, the opioid epidemic and other events. Dr. Granger emphasizes the importance of removing the stigma around mental health and improving access to mental health services. He shared insights from a new study by Cigna on building greater resilience to reduce the health impacts of stressful circumstances. https://cignaresilience.com/  He also shared that telehealth can play a key role in improving access to care moving forward. Data from electronic health records (EHRs) can be used to get a more holistic view of patient health and identify early warning signs for mental health challenges and addiction. Data and enabling technology such as AI will play a pivotal role in the next big innovations in health care, including a future where Dr. Granger predicts we’ll be able to address social determinants of health head on to improve health and health care for all. Finally, Dr. Granger shares his best advice for the current administration on how to improve health care in the United States. 

The Arkansas National Guard recognizes May as Mental Health Awareness Month to address the prevalence of mental illness and share information on the resources to address it. During May, we will promote the theme "What Works for Me" to stimulate conversation among providers, Guardsmen, employees and other members of our Guard community to share the tools that support their own mental health and emphasize the effectiveness of evidence-based treatment available to all service members and families. This month, service members, leaders, and health care providers will share what works for them to sustain their mental health, and relieve stress, sleep better, practice self-care, and more. In addition to sharing resources and ways our Guardsmen can boost their own mental health and resilience, the ARNG is emphasizing those resources through three separate PodCast interviews with Behavioral Health, Mental Health, Community Health, and Chaplaincy services. All of those approaches can make real improvements in your mental health and quality of life. In this episode of WeARtheGuard we speak with Arkansas National Guard Behavioral Health Professional Jayla Robinson about how she can help Soldiers, Airmen and their families. Looking for resources for Mental Health Awareness Month? Check out a message on our website from the Director of Psychological Health and connect with our Behavioral Health resources at Caution-https://arkansas.nationalguard.mil/Home/Behavioral-Health/ You can also visit https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/MHS-Toolkits/May-Toolkit for more information. To listen/subscribe to our podcasts please goto: Spotify, https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe Or Apple Podcasts, http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504

In this episode of WeARtheGuard we continue our series of conversations with commanders of the Arkansas National Guard. This week we speak with Arkansas Air National Guard Lt. Col. Kenda Garrett, 189th Operations Support Squadron commander, about her experiences in the Guard. You can listen/subscribe to our podcasts on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/76NNkcAgAL0yhR6EffJIOe And, Apple Podcasts: http://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1557909504 or on DVIDS: https://www.dvidshub.net/podcast/alpha/W/page/1 Catch us to/from work, in the gym, or whenever you have an opportunity and Thank you for listening. 

The third episode of our WeARtheGuard podcast continues a series of conversations with commanders of the Arkansas National Guard. In this episode we speak with Col. Corey Sailor, the commander of 87th Troop Command, about her challenges and experiences in the Guard.

Col. Erica Ingram, commander of Robinson Maneuver Training Center in North Little Rock, Ark., sits down with Lt. Col. Brian Mason, the Arkansas National Guard Public Affairs Officer and speaks about her experience commanding in the Arkansas National Guard.

Arkansas National Guard Public Affairs Officer Lt. Col. Brian Mason and Arkansas National Guard State Surgeon and a family practice physician, Col. Kevin Koehler, discuss COVID-19 and the science behind the COVID-19 vaccine during the inaugural episode of weARtheguard, the Arkansas National Guard podcast.

Good morning. It’s Friday, January 15th. I’m Lucas Dixon and here are your local news headlines from the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. It will be partly cloudy, breezy, and cooler today in Central Arkansas, with a high of 49 and a low tonight of 31. Our top story: 500 Arkansas National Guard members are set to be deployed for next week's presidential inauguration. Governor Asa Hutchinson made the announcement yesterday.

A retrospective of Governor Orval Faubus. On this episode, we interview Civil Rights historian John Kirk and explore his archived tapes of an interview with Gov. Orval Faubus recorded in 1992. From 1955 to 1967, Faubus served as the Democratic Governor of Arkansas. He is most known for leading Arkansas's refusal to comply with the Supreme Court's 1954 decision regarding desegregation in Brown v. Board of Education. In 1957, Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent black students from entering the segregated Central High School in Little Rock. Historians have criticized Faubus for fanning the flames of the crisis for political gain. In 1992, a s a young graduate student, Kirk travelled to Arkansas from England to interview historical figures and Civil Rights leaders regarding the integration in 1957 of Central High School. During these travels, Kirk spoke at length with the aging Governor. In these tapes, Faubus offers his candid perspective of the infamous "Little Rock

In "Well Read," host and journalist Justin Chapman provides analysis on news, politics, arts, and culture and interviews guests about their projects and how the COVID-19 pandemic is impacting their lives. Featuring segments by Senior Influencer Correspondent, @BradtheInfluencer, and Senior Toddler Correspondent, Sienna. Justin also provides recommendations for good reads in each episode. In Episode Ten, Justin interviews Dr. Terrence Roberts, a member of the Little Rock Nine. In 1957, three years after the Supreme Court declared segregated schools unconstitutional in Brown vs. Board of Education, nine African American students were enrolled in the previously whites-only Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. The students were initially prevented from entering the school by hordes of angry, racist protestors and the Arkansas National Guard, which was deployed by Governor Orval Faubus. President Dwight Eisenhower had to call in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. One of those nine students was Terrence Roberts, now a management consultant and author who has lived in Pasadena for more than 30 years. Everyone go vote! You can watch "Well Read" on YouTube or on PasadenaMedia.org. Check that website for showtimes, or watch anytime on their streaming app. Learn more at justindouglaschapman.com

On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that segregation in the public schools of the nation was unconstitutional. One of the first big tests of that decision came in Little Rock, Arkansas. Nine Black children attempted to enroll in the all-white Central High School. They would become known as the "Little Rock Nine.” Several segregationist councils threatened to hold protests at Central High and physically block the black students from entering the school. Governor Orval Faubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard to support the segregationists on September 4, 1957. The sight of a line of soldiers blocking out the students made national headlines and polarized the nation. On September 24, President Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army—without its black soldiers—to Little Rock and federalized the entire 10,000-member Arkansas National Guard. As much as it was a momentous occasion in American history, that had ramifications far and wide forever to come, it’s easy to forget that these nine children had to walk into a building full of people that thought their very existence was going to destroy their version of America. It’s easy to forget that the crisis didn’t end with them walking through the doors. These are their stories, in their own words.

Hello, Ni hao, G’day, welcome to another episode of rambunctious fun and games from those Nerds we all love. We wish to say an especially warm welcome to our friends in China, and thank you for listening, you are awesome. Now this week we have Buck up first with news about the rise of the machines. Now please note we said rise, not uprising, two totally different things which we explain in the show. We discuss the different attitudes between countries like Japan who are excited to see advancement in AI and robotics; compared to the sad grumpy people in Hollywood who think Robots are going to take over the world in a violent revolution. But honestly, if the robots are going to take over can they hurry up, I mean have you looked at what those apes we call politicians are doing to the place? Things are so bad we have idiots somehow gluing themselves to the road, we all learned about glue in at 5 years of age making arts and craft. Even then we never managed to glue ourselves to the floor.Next up we look at France and the judgement against Steam finally coming down. Now this is going to be an interesting topic as we look at some of the ramifications. Plus we ask the real hard hitting question that really defines the situation. That’s right folks, you will hear it here first, are the French gamers really going to care what the courts and government say? Are Valve really going to be concerned about this? If in space no one can hear you scream are all farts silent but violent? Um, yes, well if anyone can answer those let us know, these are truly hard hitting facts that we wish to know.This week we have a review from the DJ on the anime trilogy of Godzilla movies, and wow these are looking really cool. Spoiler, they rock and you should really take the time to go and watch them some time soon. While it is cgi animation it still works well and is a whole lot of fun with the usual Japanese drama that makes Anime so much fun. These movies are Godzilla: Planet of the monsters, Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle, and the last movie Godzilla: The Planet Eater. Check them out and let us know what you think in the Nerds Amalgamated group page on Facebook.As usual we have the games being played, shout out, remembrances, birthdays, and special events. Once again thank you for listening and we hope you enjoyed the episode. Take care of yourselves, look out for each other and stay hydrated.EPISODE NOTES:Rise of the machines - https://techxplore.com/news/2019-09-japan-roboticists-machines.htmlThe case of Steam vs France & China– France - https://www.reddit.com/r/Games/comments/d6baej/french_court_rules_out_10_clauses_of_the_steam/- China - https://www.pcgamer.com/steam-china-will-be-almost-entirely-independent-of-steam/Godzilla anime trilogy review - https://asianmoviepulse.com/2018/05/anime-review-godzilla-planet-of-the-monsters/Games currently playingDJ– Warframe - https://store.steampowered.com/app/230410/Warframe/Rating – 3.5/5Professor– Creeper World 2 : Anniversary Edition - https://store.steampowered.com/app/422920/Creeper_World_2_Anniversary_Edition/Rating – 8/10Buck– New Frontier - https://store.steampowered.com/app/1104640/New_Frontier/Rating – 4/5Other topics discussedBlade Runner (1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_RunnerElon Musk warns governors about AI- https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/17/537686649/elon-musk-warns-governors-artificial-intelligence-poses-existential-riskAI Takeover (hypothetical scenario in which artificial intelligence (AI) becomes the dominant form of intelligence on Earth, with computers or robots effectively taking control of the planet away from the human species)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_takeoverFacebook AI chatbots shutdown- https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/facebook-artificial-intelligence-ai-chatbot-new-language-research-openai-google-a7869706.htmlMicrosoft AI shutdown thanks to trolls- https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/03/24/the-internet-turned-tay-microsofts-fun-millennial-ai-bot-into-a-genocidal-maniac/Sophia the intelligent robot: Destroy all humans- https://metro.co.uk/2016/03/29/i-will-destroy-humans-intelligent-robot-gives-a-very-creepy-answer-in-tv-interview-5783373/- https://www.businessinsider.com.au/interview-with-sophia-ai-robot-hanson-said-it-would-destroy-humans-2017-11?r=US&IR=TThree Laws of Robotics by Isaac Asimov- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_RoboticsBack Orifice (computer program designed for remote system administration)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_OrificeStuxnet (malicious computer worm, first uncovered in 2010, thought to have been in development since at least 2005.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StuxnetGalileo Galilei (astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath from Pisa.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_GalileiBoeing 737 crashes (Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings#CrashesGermanwings Flight 9525 crash- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanwings_Flight_9525Epic games store exclusives- https://www.techradar.com/news/epic-games-store-exclusives-early-access-and-how-it-could-take-on-steamEpic Games store paid 10.45 million for Control- https://screenrant.com/epic-games-10-million-control-exclusive-remedy/France’s games market in 2018- https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/france-games-market-2018/European Union vs Google Antitrust Lawsuit- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_vs._GoogleUFC-Que Choisir (French consumers group)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC-Que_ChoisirG2A controversy- https://www.polygon.com/2019/7/5/20683026/g2a-controversy-audit-petitionAustralian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) : Federal Court of Australia confirm valve misled gamers- https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/full-federal-court-confirms-that-valve-misled-gamersSinking of the Rainbow Warrior codenamed Opération Satanique carried out on 10 July 1985- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_WarriorOther Godzilla anime movies featured in the trilogy- Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle (Second movie in the Godzilla anime trilogy) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla:_City_on_the_Edge_of_Battle- Godzilla: The Planet Eater (Third movie in the Godzilla anime trilogy) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla:_The_Planet_EaterCode Geass: Lelouch of the Rebellion also known as Code Geass (2006 Japanese animeseries created by Sunrise)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_GeassTerror in Resonance also known as Terror in Tokyo (2014 Japanese anime television series produced by MAPPA)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terror_in_ResonanceHaruo Sakaki (Main Protagonist in the Godzilla anime trilogy)- https://godzilla.fandom.com/wiki/Haruo_SakakiPAYDAY 2- https://store.steampowered.com/app/218620/PAYDAY_2/Best selling manga of all time- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_manga- https://moneyinc.com/10-best-selling-manga-time/Off with The Fairies (TNC Podcast)- https://thatsnotcanon.com/offwiththefairiespodcastShoutouts21 Sept 2019 – Naruto manga turns 20 years old as it debuted on this day in 1999, Naruto was serialized in Shueisha's magazine, Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1999 to 2014, and released in tankōbon (book) form in 72 volumes. Naruto is the fourth best-selling manga series in history, selling 235 million copies worldwide in 35 countries. - https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2019/09/21/naruto-turns-20-how-its-worldbuilding-remains-unmatched23 Sept 2002 – The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox ("Phoenix 0.1") is released. It was created by theMozilla community members who desired a standalone browser, rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle. During its beta phase, Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6. Firefox is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox23 Sept 2019 – Nintendo turns 130 years old. Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) was founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda. - https://www.vg247.com/2019/09/23/nintendo-turns-130-years-old-today-significant-milestones-figures/Remembrances21 Sept 2019 - Aron Eisenberg, American actor who played Nog, a Ferengi, through all seven seasons of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. Although the part called for him to appear under heavy makeup, he appeared without makeup as a news vendor in the episode "Far Beyond the Stars". He later guest-starred as a Kazon called Kar in "Initiations", an episode of Star Trek Voyager, and was a host and producer of the Star Trek themed podcast The 7th Rule. He died at the age of 50 in Los Angeles, California - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron_Eisenberg21 Sept 2019 - Sigmund Jähn, Germancosmonaut and pilot who in 1978 became the first German to fly into space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos programme. He flew on board Soyuz 31, launched 26 August 1978 to the Soviet space station Salyut 6, where he conducted experiments in remote sensing of the earth, medicine, biology, materials science, and geophysics. After 124 orbits he returned on Soyuz 29 and landed on 3 September 1978, having spent 7 days, 20 hours, and 49 minutes in space. Because the Soviet and American space programs maintain distinctive vocabularies, he was a cosmonaut rather than an astronaut. During and after the flight, the socialist authorities of the GDR acclaimed him as "the first German in space", emphasizing an East German victory over West Germany. Upon his return he headed the East Germany Army's Cosmonaut Training Center near Moscow until German unification in 1990, when he left the East German military with the rank of major general. Jähn was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 3 September 1978. He died at the age of 82 in Strausberg,Brandenburg - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_J%C3%A4hn23 Sept 1939 - Sigmund Freud born Sigismund Schlomo Freud, Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. In founding psychoanalysis, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference, establishing its central role in the analytic process. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. Nonetheless, Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture. In the words of W. H. Auden's 1940 poetic tribute to Freud, he had created "a whole climate of opinion / under whom we conduct our different lives." He died from a drug overdose at the age of 83 in Hampstead, London - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_FreudFamous Birthdays23 Sept 1869 - Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, was an Irish-American cook. She was the first person in the United States identified as an asymptomatic carrier of the pathogen associated with typhoid fever. She was presumed to have infected 51 people, three of whom died, over the course of her career as a cook. She was twice forcibly isolated by public health authorities and died after a total of nearly three decades in isolation. She was born in Cookstown,County Tyrone - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Mallon23 Sept 1897 – Walter Pidgeon, Canadian-American actor. He earned two Academy Award for Best Actor nominations for his roles in Mrs. Miniver and Madame Curie. Pidgeon also starred in many films such as most famously Forbidden Planet which he played as Dr. Morbius. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1975. He was born in Saint John, New Brunswick - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon23 Sept 1917 - Asima Chatterjee, Indian organic chemist noted for her work in the fields of organic chemistry and phytomedicine. Her most notable work includes research on vinca alkaloids, the development of anti-epileptic drugs, and development of anti-malarial drugs. She also authored a considerable volume of work on medicinal plants of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Science from an Indian university. Chatterjee also wrote around 400 papers which were published in both national and international journals. She was born Calcutta now known as Kolkata - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asima_ChatterjeeEvents of Interest23 Sept 1846 – Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune. The planet Neptune was mathematically predicted before it was directly observed. With a prediction by Urbain Le Verrier, telescopic observations confirming the existence of a major planet were made. It was a sensational moment of 19th-century science, and dramatic confirmation of Newtonian gravitational theory. In François Arago's apt phrase, Le Verrier had discovered a planet "with the point of his pen". The discovery of Neptune led to the discovery of its moon Triton by William Lassell just seventeen days later. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_Neptune23 Sept 1962 – The Jetsons premiered in prime time with its very first episode, a little bit of lunacy entitled "Rosey the Robot.", it was Hanna-Barbera's Space Age counterpart to The Flintstones. While the Flintstones lived in a world which was a comical version of the "stone age", with machines powered by birds and dinosaurs, the Jetsons live in a comical version of a century in the future, with elaborate robotic contraptions, aliens, holograms, and whimsical inventions. The original series comprised 24 episodes and aired on Sunday nights on ABC America. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jetsons24 Sept 1957 - In 1954, the US Supreme Court ruled in the famous Brown v Board of Education case that segregation of schools in the American South was unconstitutional. Despite this ruling, integrating the schools was not a simple act. The conflict over segregation in schools reached its height at Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. Nine black students attempted to enroll in 1957, prompting a fierce backlash from the pro-segregation state government of governor Orval Faubus. On September 4, 1957, the Arkansas National Guard were mobilized by Faubus to prevent the integration of the students. The intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower proved decisive: he ordered the National Guard be federalized, taking them out of the Governor's control, and ordered the US Army to support the integration of the school. The students were successfully integrated on September 23, 1957. The photo was taken on the 24th of Sept 1957. - https://www.onthisday.com/photos/little-rock-crisisIntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS - http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rssGeneral EnquiriesEmail - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.com

One thousand soldiers escort nine black students into Little Rock Central High. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregating schools based on race was unconstitutional. Just days later the Little Rock, Arkansas school board agreed to abide by the decision and drew up plans a year later to begin gradually integrating schools staring in 1957. After some court challenges to speed up the process were denied, the process was to begin with black students attending classes at Little Rock Central High School on September 3, 1957. A defiant Governor Orval Faubus tried to block this by ordering his National Guard to prevent black students from entering white schools. After a court injunction and a first attempt that attracted thousands of protesters, President Dwight D. Eisenhower decided to intervene. He sent in 1,000 members of the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army, and federalized the entire Arkansas National Guard, to ensure that the state’s first nine black students could enter Little Rock Central High to begin classes on September 25, 1957. Ernest Green, the first to graduate from Central High in 1980, became the assistant secretary of housing and urban affairs in the administration of President Jimmy Carter. He later went on to become a managing partner and vice president of the global finance company, Lehman Brothers in Washington, D.C. In the fall of 1999, 42 years after that historic day, President Bill Clinton awarded all nine students with the Congressional Gold Medal for their “selfless heroism” in standing up to discrimination. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

At risk youth in Arkansas have an option for schooling from 14-18 years old. The Youth Challenge program instills a disciplined approach to education and focuses students on the goal of a high school diploma.

Do you recognize the names of Emmett Till, Melba Patillo, Gloria Ray, David Richmond or Ruby Bridges?   Perhaps you recognize some but not others. Perhaps none.   That’s okay. They weren’t seeking fame or fortune. They just wanted to get an education, vote or just eat at a cafeteria lunch counter. You might not know their names but they made a difference for all of us. In this podcast show, you’re gonna here EXACTLY what they did.   Hi, I’m Robin Lofton, the Chief In-house Historian and host of this great and groundbreaking show that can inspire YOU and your FAMILY with true stories, real experiences, practical lessons, cultural traditions, and fun celebrations—all inspired by African American history. I find history to BE inspirational, instructional and entertaining. And African American history fits the bill in all of these ways. Personally, I hate boring stuff. So boring stuff is not allowed at rememberinghistory.com or at this Wiki history podcast show.   This was planned as the third and final podcast in our series on civil rights and the civil rights movement. But the rememberinghistory.com team decided that a change was necessary: This show about student activists has been divided into TWO parts. Why? Because this is a FASCINATING topic (you’re gonna here some great stores) and we wanted to make it practical too. So we’ve added a section on ways that young people and students TODAY can also help to make changes and have an impact in their communities, the country and world. So, that’s what we’ll discuss in part II of the series.   In the previous podcast shows, we discussed lessons we can STILL learn from Martin Luther King. If you haven’t heard that show, I really encourage you to do so because there were great lessons—yes, we can still learn from Dr. King and it stirred up a lot of interesting discussion. Spoiler alert: The first lesson was called “be maladjusted.” People really had a lot to say about that and I’m sure that you will too. The other podcast show was about voting rights in America. Yes, there is still a lot of discrimination in voting—in deciding how districts will be formed, in the voter registration process, even directly at the polling stations. And we presented specific and doable ways to fight discrimination in voting. The types of voter discrimination actions were shocking but it was also an empowering show. So be sure to listen so that you are ready to fight for your right to vote. And, of course, we made great animated videos to summarize the issues and entertain you as well. You can find them at rememberinghistory.com and on our YouTube channel. Remember, we don’t “do boring” here so prepare to be entertained AND learn a little something useful.   Today’s show refocuses on the people in history: a very special group of people who participated—and gave special momentum—to the civil rights movement. Young people and students. I planned to focus on college students. Yes, they did a lot. But as I thought about it more, I remembered that high school students and even elementary school students played an important part in the movement. So, we gonna include them in this discussion too. You see, even a CHIEF inhouse historian can change her mind and learn something new.   This is a particularly important show. Often, young people feel they can’t make a difference that they can’t have an impact and that decisions are being made only by the adults. This show will prove that this is simply not true. And I hope that it will convince young people and students that they do have a voice and an important role to play in protecting civil rights or in any cause that they’re passionate about. That’s important to remember. While these shows focus on civil rights, there are many causes that need and deserve attention and action. But protecting civil rights is an urgent focus right now—perhaps now more than in any time since the civil rights movement of the 1960s. And this show will suggest some ways in which they can get involved in protecting the civil rights—of people of color, of the economically disadvantaged, of refugees and immigrants and frankly of any group under attack or suffering injustice. Remember those famous words of Dr. Martin Luther King: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”   Well, let’s get to the show, “The Youth and Students in the Civil Rights Movement”*           Is it strange of think of young people and students focused, committing and working for civil rights? If you find it hard to imagine that children were brave enough, that high school students were focused enough and that college students were concerned enough to work together for civil rights, then it’s time to grab a chair and get comfortable. Perhaps even grab your kids to listen with you. This is history at its finest! This is the story of young people from elementary school—the youngest was only 7 years old!—through the college who showed commitment and courage under fire. And the “fires” that they faced were real and deadly—beatings, dog attacks, imprisonment, threats, and yes murder as well. Yet these young people stood up for their rights to equality and justice—and they stood up for your rights too. In one youth-led movement in 1963, Martin Luther King told the students who had been jailed (in Birmingham, Alabama) : “What you do this day will impact children who have not yet been born.” Wow. Sooo true. And these kids DID forge a path for us. Stay tuned—remember in Part II, we will present ways that young people can continue to be involved in social activism and have an impact on kids that are not yet born.   *[Applause break here]   Many of the young people involved in the Civil Rights Movement actively joined and participated in the meetings, marches, demonstrations and other nonviolent activities to draw attention to their cause. Others became involuntary victims of the racist and oppressive culture of segregation. However, both groups—whether actively participating or involuntarily drawn in-- made an invaluable contribution to the cause.                         We are gonna begin today’s journey by discussing a name whom I hope is familiar. Very familiar. Sadly familiar. But don’t worry if it’s not because we’re learning here together. The name: Emmett Till.   Personally, I don’t remember the first time that I heard the name of Emmett Till. I must have been too young. But he was a name that was always deeply embedded in me—not the details of his horrific claim to fame. But the feeling his fate stirred up: sadness, anger, disbelief, fear. I’m sure that all of these feelings came from my parents and I picked them up as an impressionable child. But his name is a part of my life story. Why? Because ALL Black children could have been young Emmett. Actually, I know that there were other Emmetts but HIS terrible experience changed everything. I’m jumping ahead of myself. Let’s hear the story.   In the summer of 1955, Emmett was just like any other 14-year old Black kid. Just finished the 7th grade at his Chicago school. High-spirited. Fun-loving. Growing into manhood. Polite. Looking forward to a great summer. Adored by his mother. Emmett was especially excited because he would spend the summer with his cousins in Mississippi. Emmett had never visited the segregated south so his mother counseled him about how to behave around white people.   The rest of the story has become a sad legend. Emmett enjoyed his first few days in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. Worked in the cotton fields during the day and played with his cousins in the evening. On his third day there, he went to a grocery store with his cousins and that’s when the trouble started. There is no clear account of what happened but Emmett might have whistled at the wife (who was white) who owned the store. A few nights later, her husband and brother-in-law went to house of Emmett’s uncle in the dead of night mind you, snatched Emmett out of bed and drove off with him into the night. Three days later, Emmett’s horribly mutilated body was discovered in a river. I won’t go into details, but young Emmett had been tortured, beaten and shot in the head. Witnesses recounted hearing a young boy screaming and calling for help from a barn. He was mutilated beyond recognition.         His grieving but brave mother firmly decided on an open casket at his funeral in Chicago. Thousands of mourners filed past the casket. Jet Magazine and several other Black publications printed the graphic photos of Emmett’s body. I have seen the horrific almost gruesome pictures and I will never forget them. Several of older friends actually went to Emmett’s funeral and viewed his body. I can see the pain and sadness still in their eyes—from 1955.   The murderers of Emmett Till were quickly tried and acquitted. I think that it took only an hour. Is that scenario familiar today? One of the killers even gave an interview to LOOK Magazine detailing how they killed Emmett.   Many people say that the murder of Emmett Till sparked the modern Civil Rights Movement. It brought light to the brutality and regularity of lynching in the south, the effects of segregation and the vulnerability of Black lives. Emmett Till could have been any Black man, woman or child in the Jim Crow south. African Americans demanded justice for Emmett. And young Black children and students were especially outraged and fearful because Emmett was only 14 years old so they connected with this movement perhaps feeling that their lives hung in the balance. The Civil Rights Movement was on—and young people were a committed and focused part of it. Emmett was not a voluntary student-activist but his name will be remembered as someone who started a movement.   The first real student-involved movement (that we’ll discuss) took place in 1957, just two years after the lynching of Emmett Till.   It involved 9 brave African Americans kids attempting to attend a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. These kids became known as the Little Rock Nine. Let’s back up just a bit to 1954.   The United States was in chaos. (More was to come, of course, but most people didn’t know that.) Interesting thing about history—it’s not the story of people living in the present. It’s the story of people living in the present, THEIR present. So, in 1954, many people didn’t know or didn’t accept that change prompted by the civil rights movement was looming in their future. Hmm…gotta think about that one. Anyway, in 1954, the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education had just been decided by the Supreme Court. The decision that desegregated public schools.   Remember that’s where we got the “separate but equal is inherently unequal” quote and that THIS violated the 14th Amendment. So, segregated schools were declared illegal and ordered to integrate “with all deliberate speed.” (another great quote). But many school districts especially in the southern states refused to accept this decision. They fought back. Some just ignored the decision and dared the federal government to try to enforce it. Others closed down schools rather than integrate them. Let’s jump from the immediate aftermath of the Brown case back to the summer of 1957, Little Rock Arkansas.   The NAACP (Arkansas Branch) was determined to integrate the high schools, beginning in Little Rock, the state’s capital. Daisy Bates, president of the Arkansas Branch of the NAACP recruited nine high school students whom she believed possessed the strength and determination to face the RESISTANCE to integration. During that summer, the students participated in intensive counseling sessions on what to expect and how to respond to the reaction from the white community--students AND parents.   Just before school opened in September, Arkansas Governor Oval Faubus ordered the National Guard to bar the African American students from entering the state’s schools. He claimed that it was for “their own protection” (quote. Don’t we hear that one a lot today?) The next day, a federal court judge issued a counter-ruling that desegregation would proceed.   As the nine Black students attempted to enter the school, a huge crowd of angry white students and adults as well as the Arkansas National Guard (ordered by the Governor) barred the students’ from entering. White protesters threatened the students, screamed racial slurs and spit on them. They were not able to enter the school that day.   Days later, the students tried to enter the school again with a police escort. However, more than a thousand white protesters appeared and again blocked the students’ from entering the building. President Eisenhower finally sent federal troops to enforce the integration order. Army troops actually had to escort the students to their first day of class.       But that wasn’t the end of the story. Protests against integration continued. The 101st Airborne Division stayed at the school to protect the students for an entire year. The nine kids faced verbal and physical abuse. One student had acid thrown in her face. Another was pushed down the stairs. The threats were constant and real. Both teachers AND students were hostile. But the kids survived and even thrived at their high school. All graduated and held distinguished careers. However, they only stayed at Little Rock Central High School for a year. The school board voted by 3 to 1 to close the school rather than officially integrate (of course, they cited budget cuts as the reason for the school closure.) But the brave high school students had stood up for their rights in a hostile and dangerous situation. Just imagine having to be escorted to school by federal guards. Imagine parents shouting ugly remarks at you. Imagine being spat upon, pushed around or down stairs, ignored by teachers and facing a large hostile crowd in the school cafeteria. This was definitely courage under fire and these kids deserve to be recognized and respected for their great achievement. And I want to say their names because they should become a familiar part of African American history:   Elizabeth Eckford Ernest Green Thelma Mothershed Melba Patillo Minnijean Brown Gloria Ray Terrence Roberts Jefferson Thomas Carlotta Walls   [Break for applause.]   By the way, during this podcast, you have heard and will continue to hear about people, places, events and issues. You will HEAR about them, but I completely understand if you want to actually SEE them, too. We got that covered on the Wiki History Podcast Page on Facebook. You will find pictures, animated videos and a community of history lovers. There is also a place for comments, which I hope that you will leave for us because we really appreciate them AND we do respond. Of course, we welcome all questions too.   Moving on…1960 was a BIG year for student activism. It’s really hard to know where to begin.   But I’ll adopt a “ladies first” position here—especially for this little lady named Ruby Bridges.   Ruby wanted to attend William Frantz Elementary School, which was an all-white school based in New Orleans. (I know what you’re thinking: you can’t have an all-white school because the Brown v. Board of Education case declared them illegal. Well, just like in Little Rock, the school boards were NOT going to give up their segregated lifestyle and institutions willingly. So the fight continued.) And little Ruby Bridges wanted to attend this school in her neighborhood school and for which she had passed a rigorous entry test. (This test had ACTUALLY been designed to screen out Black students and had been successful until Ruby.) So, she was excited to attend the kindergarten. Yes, that’s right little Miss Ruby Bridges was seven years old. She had to be escorted to school every day by 4 U.S. Marshals. She spent her first day in the principal’s office and watched as white parents removed their kids from school. A compromise was reached in which white students would return to school and Ruby would be isolated in a classroom on a floor separated from the other students. Only one teacher (Barbara Henry who was from Boston) agreed to teach her. For the remainder of the year, Mrs. Henry and Ruby would sit side-by-side going over lessons in the classroom. At recess, Ruby would stay in the classroom and play games or do calisthenics. At lunch, Ruby would eat alone in the classroom. Outside the school, the parents continued to protest against Ruby. One woman threatened to poison her every day. Another put a black baby doll in a coffin and left it at the school. Ruby said that scared her more than anything! Her father lost his job. Her mother was banned from shopping at the local grocery store.   This behavior seriously affected Ruby—as it would affect any 7-year old child. She began having nightmares. Stopped eating and started to have crying fits. She received counseling and gradually settled into a normal routine with the help of her teacher, Mrs. Henry. By the second year, Ruby started making friends and attending classes with the other students. Ruby attended integrated schools all the way through high school and went on to business school. (Interestingly, Ruby was reunited with Mrs. Henry on the Oprah Winfrey show.) That must have been an emotional reunion! Teachers really do make a difference. But it was Ruby’s strength and determination that helped her to succeed. Still--no one does it alone.   Remember to look for the pictures of Ruby Bridges and Barbara Henry on the Wiki History Podcast page on Face book. I’m really moved by two pictures of 7-year old Ruby marching into school escorted by 4 US Marshals. One is a real-life picture. The second is what has become an iconic portrait made by Norman Rockwell called “The Problem we all live with.”   We’re still in 1960 and now we have the Greensboro Four and their protest is marked as the beginning of student activism during the civil rights movement.   The group known as the Greensboro four was attending the North Carolina A & T State University. They were dedicated students who were fans of Mahatma Gandhi, believed in nonviolence and spent their evening studying and discussing current events. Like many other young people, they had been and still were deeply affected by the murder of Emmett Till 5 years earlier. They had also been very impressed and moved by the Freedom Rides in the Deep South led by the Congress of Racial Equality (or CORE). They acknowledged some progress but also recognized and refused to be distracted into thinking that this progress was good enough. Most businesses were privately owned and therefore not subject to federal law that banned segregation. They decided to take action.   On February 1, 1960 at 4:30pm, all four students walked into a Woolworth in Greensboro, North Carolina. Wearing their Sunday best, they sat at the whites-only lunch counter and requested service. They were denied. They continued to request service in a polite way but they were continuously denied by store manager. They were told to leave but they refused. Police were called but they didn’t arrest the students because they had not been violent or disorderly. Media arrived. Crowds developed. The students stayed at the lunch counter for the entire day until the store closed. Woolworth issued a statement to the press that it would continue to “abide by local custom”, meaning that it would continue to practice segregation.   The Greensboro Four went back the next day. More students joined the sit-in, this time from the Bennett College, which was an all-women’s college in Greensboro. Each day more students joined the protest—and it spread to other southern cities like Richmond and Nashville. By February 5th, hundreds of students joined in the lunch counter sit-ins. It paralyzed all business at the counter. The student protesters were verbally abused and threatened by white customers. THIS sit-in launched a nationwide movement at segregated lunch counters across the country. It also sparked a movement on college campuses that brought ATTENTION to the civil rights situation in the United States. The sit-in protests in Greensboro and other cities received lots of attention from the media and eventually the government. By the end of the year, many restaurants, lunch counters and privately-owned business had desegregated their facilities without any court action or marshals. And, yes, Woolworth in Greensboro also desegregated its lunch counters. Sit-ins were one of the most effective kinds of protests during the Civil Rights Movement. And it started with four intelligent, ambitious and civic-minded African American students and grew to more than 70,000 people protesting throughout the country. The protest ended on March 25th—lasting 5 months, 3 weeks and 3 days.   I absolutely love this story; it is SO inspirational on many different levels. The close friendship among the students. Their motivation, discipline and courage. Their education and reliance on a philosophy of non-violence and civil disobedience. The quick growth of the protests among college students who seemed ripe and ready to show their discontent and ability to fight for their rights. I could go on and on about this but I think that you see the same picture.* And because these students deserve our respect and have earned their place in history, I want to mention their names:   Ezell Blair, Jr. David Richmond Franklin McCain Joseph McNeil   *[Applause track here]       This story shows how a small but determined group can create a big and lasting change. As a follow up, although their protests were successful and many people praised them, both Black and White, all of the Greensboro Four had to leave the city because of harassment and death threats. They had been labeled as troublemakers so the local white population made life difficult and dangerous for the men to continue living there. Today there are several statues and remembrances of the protests initiated by the Greensboro Four. The February One statue of the four student-activists is located on the campus of North Carolina A & T State University. It is really moving. And you can find the original four lunch counter seats at the International Civil Rights Center and Museum in Greensboro. I also have pictures on the Wiki History Podcast Facebook page. I strongly encourage you to see them. I’m sure that you’ll be moved too.   Our last group of student-activists (in Part I) took the fight for civil rights to another level—the international level. They forged a CONNECTION with the civil rights movement in the United States and the anti-colonial movement that was sweeping across the continent of Africa. But I’m jumping ahead of myself; I’m just so excited to talk about this group. The group’s name: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC). Let’s start at the beginning.   Still--in 1960.   In April, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) sponsored a conference on student leadership and nonviolent resistance. This conference was partially initiated by the sit-ins in Greensboro and other cities. 300 students attended that conference. These students (who acted as delegates and observers) witnessed the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. SNCC was born!   The members of SNCC joined the Freedom Riders that were sponsored by CORE (remember, Congress of Racial Equality). The Freedom Riders would take people all over the southern states to test the public facilities at the bus stations. However, the Freedom Riders started facing VERY intense attacks and violence. Buses were burned. People were assaulted with baseball bats, bombs and other weapons. Because of these attacks, in 1961, CORE suspended its Freedom Rides. SNCC decided to start running its own Freedom Rides. A SNCC member said, “There was so much at stake, we could NOT allow the segregationists to stop us. We HAD to continue that Freedom Ride EVEN if we were killed in the process.” So SNCC started making its own Freedom rides into the southern states.After numerous members of SNCC were beaten, tortured and imprisoned on false charges during the Freedom Rides, the government was forced to intervene and repeal the segregation laws that regulated interstate public transportation. SNCC had won—but at a great cost.   But the students wanted more. Their next campaign was for voting rights, which they started in 1963. Their slogan “one man, one vote” became the cornerstone of SNCC’s programs. SNCC demanded universal suffrage in the United States, continuing to parallel the efforts in the U.S. with the efforts taking place within the anti-colonial struggle in Africa. These were some serious students!   SNCC continued its sit-in protests and also met with the Oginga Odinga, the president of the newly independent government of Kenya. The racist image of the United States that SNCC’s work showed to the world was a sharp contrast to the picture of democracy painted by the politicians in Washington. And this became a problem.   In 1964, SNCC embarked on its most challenging effort with the Mississippi Summer Project. SNCC joined with other civil rights organizations in the state. (Like the SCLC and church organizations.) The coalition mobilized nearly a thousand volunteers from northern universities to travel to Mississippi to organize an independent Freedom Democratic Party and to register thousands of African Americans to vote. This was the famous Freedom Summer. The white protesters (including Klan members, law enforcement, policians and members of citizen’s councils) responded to SNCC’s civil rights activities with murder, beatings and imprisonment. If you’re wondering, this WAS summer that Cheney, Goodman and Schwerner kidnapped and killed were killed by police and the ku klux klan. More young lives cut short for trying to register Black voters. Unfortunately, the Freedom Democratic Party was never seated at the National Democratic Convention in 1964 and universal suffrage wouldn’t be guaranteed until the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965, but the work by SNCC brought many more people into the movement for political and economic equality.   Because SNCC had gained a high level of prominence from its consistent work and many successes, the student organization was invited to send a delegation to tour several independent countries in Africa during the fall of 1964. They visited the Republic of Guinea and received a special invitation to meet President Sekou Toure. One of SNCC’s leading members, John Lewis also visited Kenya, Zambia and other African countries. After this important trip, SNCC created an international affairs section, which made a powerful presentation before the United Nations Committee on Decolonization. The role of SNCC during this period illustrated the interconnectedness of the African American struggle for equality and the struggle for independence by the colonized countries on the African continent. Independence, equality, and civil rights were now expanded beyond U.S. borders into an international movement on two continents! Wow. That is huge! Students took the struggle to a new level—as only young people can do!   But SNCC never lost sight of its commitment and work in the cities, small towns and rural areas of the south, working with farmers and young activists on a daily basis to fight for civil rights.   SNCC was a strong and sophisticated organization. It took political activism to a new level while always staying true to its vision. And its members bravely put themselves in harm’s way to demand the right to vote and to demand equality in housing and education. They even faced the issue of police brutality together with its close ally, The Black Panthers. (Did you know that the Black Panthers’ full name was the Black Panthers for Self-Defense?) I just have to give a big shout out to the Black Panthers (who were made up mostly of young people and students) for their efforts in the civil rights movement and for Black empowerment. Everyone had a role. But I want to mention just a few names from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee:   Ella Baker Marion Barry John Lewis Kwame Ture Julian Bond   [Applause here.]*   Julian Bond, who was a former founding member of SNCC and eventually served in the Georgia Senate and House of Representatives, remarked, "a final SNCC legacy is the destruction of the psychological shackles which had kept black southerners in physical and mental servitude; SNCC helped break those chains forever. It demonstrated that ordinary women and men, young and old, could perform extraordinary tasks."   This wise statement applies to all of these student and youth activists. And we’ll definitely see this in the next group of young people. Then in Part II, you will learn ways that YOU can make a positive difference in your own town, country or even the world. And, yes, it IS possible!   We’re gonna go back in time and back down south to Birmingham, Alabama, 1963. There was no Civil Rights Act. No Voting Rights Act. Segregation was still the law in many states in the south and whites fiercely defended this way of life in Alabama. Dr. Martin Luther King, the SCLC, SNCC and other civil rights organizations and churches are DETERMINED to release the racist grip that the Ku Klux Klan, law enforcement, white politicians and citizens’ councils hold on the city. In Dr. King’s words, it was a true symbol of “hard-core resistance to integration.” [pause]* May 1963. Birmingham, Alabama is “ground zero” in the fight for civil rights.   Civil rights leaders needed to take a stronger and more radical approach to their nonviolent protests. So, they decided to request the help and participation of students. They approached high school students and college students to volunteer in a march. And the students stepped up the plate. The students were trained in the tactics of non-violent resistance. Thus began the famous, never-to-be forgotten Children’s Crusade.   On May 2, 1963, 800 Black students skipped school and gathered at the 16th street Baptist Church, awaiting for instructions. They marched 10 miles to downtown on a mission to meet with Birmingham Mayor about segregation. As the students approached city hall, singing songs of freedom, they were corralled by police and arrested. Hundreds were put into paddy wagons and taken to jail.   But that wasn’t the end.   The march would eventually include 3,000 children.   The next day, May 3rd, the march resumed. But this time it was NOT met with a peaceful response. Police were waiting for them with clubs, water cannons and police dogs. The Birmingham Public Safety Commissioner—the infamous Bull Connor--ordered the men to immediately attack the students. They released the dogs and sprayed the students with the water cannons. The scene turned from a peaceful and quiet march of students singing along their way to city hall into a violent scene of terror with kids scattering and screaming as they were beaten and attacked by dogs.   The media captured the violent attack against the unarmed youngsters. Videos were shown around the country, actually the world. White-owned businesses and the white residents of Birmingham were criticized and ostracized by people across the country. On May 10, city leaders agreed to desegregate businesses and public facilities. It also captured the attention and sympathy of the President Kennedy who felt then compelled to public support federal Civil Rights legislation, leading to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Oh, yeah, and Martin Luther King negotiated having Bull Connor removed from public office!   The Children’s Crusade was an essential part of the Civil Rights Movement. Not just because it happened in what was called the “most racist city in the South.” But also because the children were so determined and focused. They were prepared to face violence. Many of the adults didn’t want to face arrest and imprisonment so they refused to participate. (Please understand that I’m not making any judgments about them.) But the kids were simply fed up and refused to back down. Many of them were arrested multiple times, had been beaten on numerous occasions and faced expulsion from school. Yet they kept coming back in greater and greater numbers. Why would they do that? Here are the words of one of the high school student activists:         Jessie Shepherd, then 16, was soaking wet (from the fire hoses) when she was loaded up in a paddy wagon. “I was told not to participate,” says Shepherd, now a retired clinical diet technician. “But I was tired of the injustice.”     “I couldn’t understand why there had to be a colored fountain and a white fountain,” says Shepherd. “Why couldn’t I drink out the fountain that other little kids drank out of? As I got older, I understood that’s just the way it was, because my skin was black, and we were treated differently because of that.” So she marched.   And that march changed the nation.   As we end Part I of this podcast show on student-activism in the civil rights movement, I would ask that if you participated as a student-activist in this march or any of the numerous other marches, sit-ins, Freedom Rides or any other protests, please contact rememberinghistory.com and tell your experience. We want to hear YOUR story. Please add your story and experiences on the comment page. Or you can send me a personal email message to robin@rememberinghistory.com. And please tell your story to YOUR children, your nieces, nephews and other children that you. They NEED to know that young people and students CAN make a difference. That they HAVE power and influence. And knowing YOUR experience and knowing African American history (no matter about yours or the child’s cultural background) shows proof of the power that young people hold in their hands.   On that high note, we will turn to present ways that YOU can get involved, ways that YOU can help. I hope you’ve seen that everyone can contribute. And that everyone has reserves of strength and courage that they probably never knew existed…until they are called to show it. That’s exactly what the young people and students did during the Civil Rights movement. And the young people and students TODAY also have the strength and courage to make a positive impact in the lives of their families, communities, the country and even the world. And, as 2017 begins, it IS clear that strength and courage as well as integrity, passion and vision are going to be needed. As Dr. King remarked, what they do now will impact children who have not yet been born. Please join us in Part II to start making an impact. We have reached the end of this podcast show. Are you feeling inspired? I really am! And I hope that you too.   Please remember to look at the Wiki History Podcast page on Facebook so you can actually SEE these brave kids and for really candid scenes of their experiences. I have deliberately decided NOT to put the mutilated picture of Emmett Till on the page but you can find a picture of him as a promising and eager young man who was the apple of this mother’s eye. You will also see other scenes from Money, Mississippi. And definitely don’t miss the picture of Ruby Bridges being escorted into school surrounded by federal marshals. It’s all there on the Wiki History Facebook page.   Also, if you enjoyed this show, please let others know about it. They might like it, find it inspirational too. We are growing a community of historians of all ages, backgrounds and interests. Everyone is welcome. Let’s change the way people think about history—one good friend at a time.   And we have a special announcement and offer to make to all Wiki History podcast listeners in the next show. Especially for Black History month.   So,come back soon to Remembering History where we ARE remembering history and we’re making it. Every day!                                             At the end of the show: Finally, I just want to remind you that 2017, the Wiki History podcast show is dedicated to the National Museum of African American History & Culture. Located in Washington, DC, the National Museum of African American History & Culture opened in 2016. This kind of museum was long overdue but it finally happened and it is a place that everyone should visit and explore. Museums are a great way to bring history to life and to keep it alive for future generations. Wiki History is honored to be a part of this important process. For every person that listens to this podcast show, rememberinghistory.com will donate $1 to the National Museum of African American History & Culture.   And we have a special announcement and offer to make to all Wiki History podcast listeners.   Come back soon to Remembering History where we ARE remembering history and we’re making it. Every day!   Bye for now!           ************************************************************   But what TO do? How can YOU have a positive impact?   Recognize that there are major problems and challenges around the world. Some problems that existed and led to the Civil Rights Movement STILL exist. Problems like discrimination in voting, education, job and housing still exist. Police violence, poverty and cultural and religious intolerance STILL exist. There are more than * refugees around the world. The environment is under threat. I don’t want to even try to list all the problems on a worldwide scale, but I just recognize that the world is a far from perfect place. There’s a lot that you can do to have an impact. But awareness is the first step.   Get your education. Learn history. The rememberinghistory.com team is committed to keeping history alive and spreading the word so that we can avoid the mistakes of the past, learn the lessons of great people from the past. The world needs more people with education and insight. This doesn’t only mean an “academic” education. Learn a trade. Develop a skill. Read a lot. Okay, these were 2 good ways to prepare yourself to save the world. Now, let’s look at some specific things that you can do.   Do you have a cell phone? Well, you can use it to document racist behavior, threatening behavior or anything that is unacceptable. The camera on your phone can save a life. Remember, the world would never have known about the police beating of Rodney King. You can also use your phone to call for assistance from family, friends or the police. Trayvon Martin used his phone to report that he was being followed. Your phone can be a powerful tool.                                                         After the first discussion:   Also, if you enjoy this show, please let others know about it. They might like it, find it inspirational too. Let’s change the way people think about history—one good friend at a time.     At the end of the show: Finally, I just want to remind you that 2017, the Wiki History podcast show is dedicated to the National Museum of African American History & Culture. Located in Washington, DC, the National Museum of African American History & Culture opened in 2016. This kind of museum was long overdue but it finally happened and it is a place that everyone should visit and explore. Museums are a great way to bring history to life and to keep it alive for future generations. Wiki History is honored to be a part of this important process. For every person that listens to this podcast show, rememberinghistory.com will donate $1 to the National Museum of African American History & Culture.   And we have a special announcement and offer to make to all Wiki History podcast listeners.   Come back soon to Remembering History where we ARE remembering history and we’re making it. Every day!   Bye for now!    

...in which Rex and Paul talk about antique shops, Dutch ovens, Arkansas expert John Ragsdale and the possibility that sales of his several Dutch oven books to Boy Scouts have made him the best-selling author in the state's history, the care and usage of cast-iron cooking implements, scouting adventures and disasters, Troops 23, 24, and 64, the great egg fight at Paul's last Boy Scout campout, Camp Winnamocka, Camp Ozark, Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico, Baptist camps in New Mexico and North Carolina, Boy's Life magazine, FFA camp at Couchwood, Harvey Couch, Boys State and Girls State, Paul's expertise with parliamentary procedure, Camp Robinson, the Arkansas National Guard, former Sunday school teachers, the 1997 tornadoes, archaeology in Arkansas, the amazing and almost artistic lineup of abandoned cars and trucks outside of Biscoe, W.O.'s Arkansas caviar from the Lower White River, turtle eggs, and standing in line to get catfish steaks at the airport at Pine Bluff.

An interview with Amy Bradley-Hole, moderator chair of the Arkansas Literary Festival, conducted by Brad Mooy, CALS' coordinator of the Literary Festival; an interview with Stephanie Meincke, president & CEO of the Arkansas Nonprofit Alliance, conducted by Christine Gronwald, CALS' development coordinator; they discuss ArkansasGives, an upcoming online giving event sponsored by the Arkansas Community Foundation on Thursday, April 7, from 8 a.m. - 8 p.m.; visit bit.ly/calsargives at that time to donate to Central Arkansas Library System Foundation and help CALS earn bonus dollars in addition to your donation; an interview with Angelic Saulsberry, CALS' information technology staff member, conducted by Kristin Cooke, CALS' adult programming coordinator; they discuss Angelic's top five favorite books and the library services she uses the most; an interview with Laura Neale, teen programmer at CALS McMath Library and coordinator of CALS Con 2016, a free family-friendly celebration of pop culture fandom; interview conducted by Laura Hodo, manager of CALS McMath Library; they discuss this year's expansion of the event and what self-professed nerds and geeks can expect to enjoy at this year's event; Chewing the Fat with Rex and Paul, who talk about antique shops, Dutch ovens, Arkansas expert John Ragsdale and the possibility that sales of his several Dutch oven books to Boy Scouts have made him the best-selling author in the state's history, the care and usage of cast-iron cooking implements, scouting adventures and disasters, Troops 23, 24, and 64, the great egg fight at Paul's last Boy Scout campout, Camp Winnamocka, Camp Ozark, Philmont Scout Ranch in New Mexico, Baptist camps in New Mexico and North Carolina, Boy's Life magazine, FFA camp at Couchwood, Harvey Couch, Boys State and Girls State, Paul's expertise with parliamentary procedure, Camp Robinson, the Arkansas National Guard, former Sunday school teachers, the 1997 tornadoes, archaeology in Arkansas, the amazing and almost artistic lineup of abandoned cars and trucks outside of Biscoe, W.O.'s Arkansas caviar from the Lower White River, turtle eggs, and standing in line to get catfish steaks at the airport at Pine Bluff; an interview with Sue Gaiser, who talks about her childhood, her six siblings, and one of the most important people in her life, her mother; an interview with Mick Wiggins, an illustrator/artist who has created numerous book covers; interview conducted by Amy Bradley-Hole, moderator chair of the Arkansas Literary Festival; Wiggins will participate with other artists in a panel discussion about design at the Arkansas Literary Festival; information about Hoopla, one of CALS' digital services, presented by Jonathan Webb and Lara Browning-Kamins, CALS' information services staff members; a Take 5 interview with the Bob Boyd Sounds, a music group led by Bob Boyd who will perform for the Arkansas Sounds concert series on Friday, April 22, at 7 p.m. at the CALS Ron Robinson Theater, 100 River Market Ave.

Grab a notepad...Today we continue our conversation with Jade Harrell and Dr. Terrance Roberts, one of the "Little Rock Nine". The Little Rock Nine were the nine African-American students involved in the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. Their entrance into the school in 1957 sparked a nationwide crisis when Arkansas governor Orval Faubus, in defiance of a federal court order, called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Nine from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National Guard and sending in units of the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division to escort the Nine into the school on September 25, 1957. The military presence remained for the duration of the school year.

Grab a notepad...Today we continue our conversation with Jade Harrell and Dr. Terrance Roberts, one of the "Little Rock Nine". The Little Rock Nine were the nine African-American students involved in the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. Their entrance into the school in 1957 sparked a nationwide crisis when Arkansas governor Orval Faubus, in defiance of a federal court order, called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Nine from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National Guard and sending in units of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division to escort the Nine into the school on September 25, 1957. The military presence remained for the duration of the school year.

“September 11th: In the Eyes of the Arkansas National Guard” is a video project which offers a look back at that day and the follow on missions tasked to the Arkansas National Guard. The video includes an interview with retired Sgt. Maj. Frank Staples – an Arkansas Guardsmen whose son was in the towers during the attack. Among interview clips from 31 different individuals in the video is an interview with Sgt. Maj. Staples’ son, Adam Staples, who miraculously survived the attack despite being on the 61st floor of the south tower at the time it was hit. Produced by Maj. Chris Heathscott