Podcasts about parisians

SOL LUCKMANIt's hardly surprising that one of the most iconic and bestselling musician biographies of all time, and the first (of a veritable “Spanish Caravan”) written about the Doors front man Jim Morrison, was titled NO ONE HERE GETS OUT ALIVE.The lyric is a line from “Five to One,” a perennial fan favorite penned by Morrison but credited officially to the Doors—and it has stuck in my mind (as it has in countless others over more than half a century since its 1968 release) like a splinter, to reference the movie THE MATRIX that also figures prominently in this book.When I was living in Paris in the early 1990s, I became obsessed with Morrison, and not just his music but his often macabre poetry as well. This was shortly after the release of Oliver Stone's uber provocative rock biopic that put to shame all other rock biopics, THE DOORS.As a birthday present, my girlfriend gave me a bilingual copy of THE LORDS & THE NEW CREATURES, Morrison's first volume of poetry replete with dark meditations on sex, celebrity, drugs, and (of course) death.While riding the Metro, sitting on the steps of Montmartre and sipping espresso at cafés, I found myself reading it alternately in English and the French translation to capture more and more nuances of Morrison's cryptic, multilayered thought.Jim had died in Paris and was buried in the city's famously lovely necropolis, Père Lachaise Cemetery. His grave—which once featured a stone bust with his big hippy hair made by a Croatian sculptor and stolen in 1988—was, and still is, a literal shrine to many tourists, fans and hipster locals making rock ‘n' roll pilgrimages from near and far.Practically as controversial in death as in life, ever since his untimely demise in 1971 that rocked the rock world, Morrison has lingered in a sort of public half-life.Simultaneously, he has been an inspiration for counterculture and music lovers; a nuisance for Parisians fed up with the incessant drinking, smoking and carousing that have turned his grave into an eternal party; and a would-be prodigal son to his home country, where a Florida politician bizarrely (and unsuccessfully) sought to have Jim's final resting place relocated to his birthplace, the Space Coast!My girlfriend—call her Kate—and I regularly visited Morrison's final resting place, and often partook in the festivities, which I must admit were exemplary displays of Dionysian behavior … if inevitably a regretted hangover source.Filled with more cemeteries, church crypts and bone-lined Catacombs than you could shake a Gauloise at, Paris invited an ongoing meditation on the afterlife. Like HARRY POTTER's Myrtle without the moaning, I regularly found myself contemplating the seeming inevitability of death.And then one overcast Parisian winter afternoon half a decade later, when I was back in town visiting a new girlfriend, while standing in front of Morrison's grave strewn with flowers and cigarette butts yet again as if no time had elapsed and nothing had changed, the doors of my perception (hat tip to William Blake and Aldous Huxley) suddenly burst wide open when a still small voice inside me asked this simply disarming question:“Does no one here get out alive?”Copyright © Sol Luckman. All Rights Reserved.

Wow, Thanksgiving hits LinkedIn hard in the US: “I'm grateful for my boss” ; “I'm grateful for my dog” ; “I'm grateful for my favorite stapler.” I'm from Paris, and gratitude isn't something I grew up with. Parisians are so grumpy, we'd probably roll our eyes if you smiled at us. We save our gratitude for true miracles, like getting through a family dinner without someone bringing up immigration while carving the turkey. See, in France, we don't just say 'merci'. No, we write books about it. There's this French anthropologist, Marcel Mauss, who explains that kindness isn't really kindness: it's a debt. It's what he called the 'counter-gift'. You don't do someone a favor, you open a tab. You think you're just borrowing some sugar to your neighbor, and next thing you know you're hosting their dog's birthday, watering their plants, and pretending to care about their homemade kombucha. Japanese agree that not every “thank you” moment is pleasant. They actually invented a phrase for when gratitude feels like emotional spam: 'arigata meiwaku'. It's that uncomfortable vibe when somebody insists on “helping” and you end up having to perform gratitude you didn't sign up for. It's like being forced into a gratitude hostage situation. But hey, tossing a sincere "thank you" is free, it doesn't add calories, and sometimes it actually pleases people. So go on, throw some thank-yous out there when you really mean it. Just remember: real gratitude doesn't need a TED Talk or a LinkedIn post. Sometimes it's just a nod, a laugh, and moving on before things get weird. And if your “gratitude” ends up sounding more like sarcasm? That's fine too. At least in Paris, they'll respect you for it.

The Bataclan music venue has become synonymous with the Paris terror attacks of November 2015, when 130 people were killed, 90 of them while attending an Eagles of Death Metal concert at the Bataclan. Photographer Marion Ruszniewski was on assignment at the venue and was injured in the attack. Ten years on, she tells us about the events of that tragic evening, as well as her feelings about returning to work at the Bataclan a year later. Plus, as Marion publishes a book detailing two decades of concert photography, we discuss the resilient spirit that saw Parisians return to the bars, cafés and concert halls in the aftermath of the tragedy. 

What if you could spend eternity next to your favorite celebrity? Paris is making headlines with its morbidly fascinating “Death Lottery,” letting citizens pay to be buried next to famous figures like Jim Morrison and Oscar Wilde complete with tomb restoration and a chance at posthumous celebrity status. Could this quirky concept come to the U.S.? We explore the bizarre details, the costs, and why Parisians are both thrilled and creeped out. Tune in for Nina’s trending stories on The Jubal Show! You can find every podcast we have, including the full show every weekday right here…➡︎ https://thejubalshow.com/podcasts The Jubal Show is everywhere, and also these places: Website ➡︎ https://thejubalshow.com Instagram ➡︎ https://instagram.com/thejubalshow X/Twitter ➡︎ https://twitter.com/thejubalshow Tiktok ➡︎ https://www.tiktok.com/@the.jubal.show Facebook ➡︎ https://facebook.com/thejubalshow YouTube ➡︎ https://www.youtube.com/@JubalFresh Support the show: https://the-jubal-show.beehiiv.com/subscribeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Giles is still sleeping apart from Esther because of his snoring. But he is not fully reconciled to the new arrangement. The subject hit a nerve as many listeners have been in touch with ideas to improve the situation – from wired jaws, wedge pillows or intriguingly a trip to Newcastle. After Giles composes himself, he considers a few of the options. In more upbeat new Parisians are being offered the chance to win a burial spot next to the likes of Oscar Wilde, Jim Morrison or Edith Piaf in the famous cemeteries of the Père-Lachaise, Montparnasse and Montmartre. So where would Giles and Esther like to be buried?Lastly, a new charge has started to appear on some restaurant bills – an admin charge. What is it, why is it there and does it mark the end of fine dining…? And as always please do get in touch: noidea@thetimes.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Spoiler: Politics, and the private lives of politicians. Synopsis: Every first Friday of the month, The Straits Times catches up with its foreign correspondents about life and trends in the countries they're based in. For more than a century, it was quite accepted in France that Presidents and male politicians could have mistresses, and no one would pry into their private lives. But public attitudes are changing, and this is manifested in persistent curiosity about President Emmanuel Macron and his wife - who have now taken the unprecedented step of filing a lawsuit to battle scurrilous allegations. In this episode, ST's foreign editor Li Xueying hosts global affairs correspondent Jonathan Eyal, who takes his skewer to double standards, culture wars and conspiracy theories that are fuelling the change. Highlights (click/tap above): 1:48 Paris in summer: A hotbed of scandals 4:11 Climate and political heat 7:01 Changing political privacy norms in France 9:29 The role of social media and disinformation 13:31 Macron’s political challenges and scandals Read Jonathan Eyal’s article here: https://str.sg/cDua Read Li Xueying’s articles: https://str.sg/iqmR Follow Li Xueying on LinkedIn: https://str.sg/ip4x Sign up for ST’s weekly Asian Insider newsletter: https://str.sg/sfpz Host: Li Xueying (xueying@sph.com.sg) Produced and edited by: Fa’izah Sani Executive producer: Ernest Luis Follow Asian Insider on Fridays here: Channel: https://str.sg/JWa7 Apple Podcasts: https://str.sg/JWa8 Spotify: https://str.sg/JWaX Feedback to: podcast@sph.com.sg SPH Awedio app: https://www.awedio.sg --- Follow more ST podcast channels: All-in-one ST Podcasts channel: https://str.sg/wvz7 Get more updates: http://str.sg/stpodcasts The Usual Place Podcast YouTube: https://str.sg/4Vwsa --- Get The Straits Times app, which has a dedicated podcast player section: The App Store: https://str.sg/icyB Google Play: https://str.sg/icyX --- #STAsianInsiderSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Spoiler: Politics, and the private lives of politicians. Synopsis: Every first Friday of the month, The Straits Times catches up with its foreign correspondents about life and trends in the countries they're based in. For more than a century, it was quite accepted in France that Presidents and male politicians could have mistresses, and no one would pry into their private lives. But public attitudes are changing, and this is manifested in persistent curiosity about President Emmanuel Macron and his wife - who have now taken the unprecedented step of filing a lawsuit to battle scurrilous allegations. In this episode, ST's foreign editor Li Xueying hosts global affairs correspondent Jonathan Eyal, who takes his skewer to double standards, culture wars and conspiracy theories that are fuelling the change. Highlights (click/tap above): 1:48 Paris in summer: A hotbed of scandals 4:11 Climate and political heat 7:01 Changing political privacy norms in France 9:29 The role of social media and disinformation 13:31 Macron’s political challenges and scandals Read Jonathan Eyal’s article here: https://str.sg/cDua Read Li Xueying’s articles: https://str.sg/iqmR Follow Li Xueying on LinkedIn: https://str.sg/ip4x Sign up for ST’s weekly Asian Insider newsletter: https://str.sg/sfpz Host: Li Xueying (xueying@sph.com.sg) Produced and edited by: Fa’izah Sani Executive producer: Ernest Luis Follow Asian Insider on Fridays here: Channel: https://str.sg/JWa7 Apple Podcasts: https://str.sg/JWa8 Spotify: https://str.sg/JWaX Feedback to: podcast@sph.com.sg SPH Awedio app: https://www.awedio.sg --- Follow more ST podcast channels: All-in-one ST Podcasts channel: https://str.sg/wvz7 Get more updates: http://str.sg/stpodcasts The Usual Place Podcast YouTube: https://str.sg/4Vwsa --- Get The Straits Times app, which has a dedicated podcast player section: The App Store: https://str.sg/icyB Google Play: https://str.sg/icyX --- #STAsianInsiderSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The former limestone quarry that exists beneath the city of Paris is a creepy yet dank combination of history. These catcoms house fossils from 45 million years ago, the bones of 6 million Parisians going back to the 4th century, occult temples, and French resistance as well as German bunkers from WW2. Strider shares photos from his recent visit with his dank wife. Makin' Memories Strider's Full 1 hour stand up special! Sources: history.com, penguinteen.com, catacombs.paris.fr, parisperfect.com, brainyquote.com, imdb.com, atlasobscura.com

Fluent Fiction - French: Trusting Teamwork: An Autumn Morning at Le Café de Flore Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2025-11-04-23-34-02-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Un léger brouillard enveloppe Paris en ce matin d'automne.En: A light fog envelops Paris on this autumn morning.Fr: Le Café de Flore est un havre chaleureux, où l'arôme du café danse dans l'air frais.En: Le Café de Flore is a warm haven, where the aroma of coffee dances in the fresh air.Fr: Dehors, les feuilles tapissent les trottoirs de teintes rouges et oranges, créant une toile vivante sous les pas pressés des Parisiens.En: Outside, leaves carpet the sidewalks in shades of red and orange, creating a living canvas under the hurried steps of the Parisians.Fr: À l'intérieur, Camille, Luc et Sophie sont installés autour d'une petite table.En: Inside, Camille, Luc, and Sophie are seated around a small table.Fr: Devant eux, des cahiers ouverts, des stylos colorés et une tablette avec des diapositives du projet.En: In front of them are open notebooks, colorful pens, and a tablet with project slides.Fr: Camille commence la réunion.En: Camille begins the meeting.Fr: Elle veut une note parfaite pour le projet et n'a pas de temps à perdre.En: She wants a perfect grade for the project and has no time to waste.Fr: « Alors, qu'avons-nous jusqu'ici ?En: "So, what do we have so far?"Fr: » demande Camille, son regard se posant tour à tour sur Luc et Sophie.En: asks Camille, her gaze shifting between Luc and Sophie.Fr: Luc, un sourire un peu distrait aux lèvres, tord une serviette entre ses doigts.En: Luc, with a slightly distracted smile on his lips, twists a napkin between his fingers.Fr: « J'ai une idée pour la conclusion », dit-il.En: "I have an idea for the conclusion," he says.Fr: Camille le fixe, peu convaincue.En: Camille stares at him, unconvinced.Fr: Elle se souvient de ses projets précédents avec Luc et se sent anxieuse.En: She remembers her previous projects with Luc and feels anxious.Fr: Sophie, toujours la médiatrice, sent la tension monter.En: Sophie, always the mediator, senses the tension rising.Fr: « Prenons un moment, » propose-t-elle, son ton apaisant.En: "Let's take a moment," she suggests, her tone soothing.Fr: « Luc, qu'as-tu imaginé ?En: "Luc, what have you imagined?"Fr: » Luc prend une grande inspiration.En: Luc takes a deep breath.Fr: « Je pense que si on intègre un graphisme dynamique, cela captera mieux l'essence de notre sujet.En: "I think if we incorporate dynamic graphics, it will better capture the essence of our subject."Fr: » Camille hésite.En: Camille hesitates.Fr: Elle a du mal à croire que Luc livrera à temps, mais Sophie lui lance un regard encourageant.En: She struggles to believe Luc will deliver on time, but Sophie gives her an encouraging look.Fr: Elle se souvient de l'importance de la confiance dans une équipe.En: She remembers the importance of trust in a team.Fr: « D'accord, Luc, allons-y.En: "Okay, Luc, let's go with it.Fr: Mais n'oublie pas que le délai est important », dit Camille, adoucissant son ton.En: But don't forget the deadline is important," says Camille, softening her tone.Fr: Sophie sourit, contente de voir Camille lâcher un peu prise.En: Sophie smiles, happy to see Camille ease up a bit.Fr: Plus tard, lors d'une réunion critique au café, Luc présente sa solution.En: Later, during a critical meeting at the café, Luc presents his solution.Fr: C'est audacieux, et Camille ne peut s'empêcher d'être impressionnée.En: It's bold, and Camille can't help but be impressed.Fr: Il a non seulement respecté le délai, mais il a aussi apporté quelque chose de révolutionnaire au projet.En: He has not only met the deadline, but he has also brought something revolutionary to the project.Fr: Sophie claque des doigts.En: Sophie snaps her fingers.Fr: « C'est excellent, Luc !En: "That's excellent, Luc!"Fr: » Camille se sent soudainement soulagée et reconnaissante.En: Camille suddenly feels relieved and grateful.Fr: Elle réalise que chacun a joué son rôle avec brio.En: She realizes that everyone played their role brilliantly.Fr: « Merci, Luc, » dit-elle sincèrement.En: "Thank you, Luc," she says sincerely.Fr: « Tu as fait du bon travail.En: "You've done a great job."Fr: » Le projet est remis, et les résultats tombent : une note parfaite.En: The project is submitted, and the results come in: a perfect grade.Fr: Ils se retrouvent au Café de Flore pour célébrer.En: They meet at Le Café de Flore to celebrate.Fr: Camille, avec un chocolat chaud entre les mains, sourit à ses amis.En: Camille, with a hot chocolate in her hands, smiles at her friends.Fr: Elle a appris une leçon précieuse sur le travail d'équipe et la confiance.En: She has learned a valuable lesson about teamwork and trust.Fr: Les trois amis lèvent leur tasse : « À notre succès !En: The three friends raise their cups: "To our success!"Fr: » crient-ils en chœur, alors que le bruit du café se mêle à leurs rires.En: they shout in unison, as the café's noise mingles with their laughter.Fr: L'automne à Paris n'a jamais été aussi doux.En: Autumn in Paris has never been sweeter. Vocabulary Words:the fog: le brouillardthe haven: le havrethe aroma: l'arômethe sidewalk: le trottoirthe shades: les teintesthe canvas: la toilethe steps: les pasthe notebook: le cahierthe mediator: la médiatricethe tension: la tensionthe deadline: le délaithe graphics: le graphismethe breath: la respirationthe gaze: le regardthe project: le projetthe conclusion: la conclusionthe tablet: la tablettethe pen: le stylothe grade: la notethe inspiration: l'inspirationthe solution: la solutionthe lesson: la leçonthe essence: l'essencethe role: le rôlethe success: le succèsthe noise: le bruitthe smile: le sourirethe chocolate: le chocolatthe air: l'airthe idea: l'idée

The Siege, Starvation, and the Start of the Communard Revolt. Sebastian Smee discusses how during the Prussian siege of Paris, Parisians suffered terribly in the coldest winter on record. Radical Republicans grew furious at the moderate government's failure to defeat the Prussians. When the government surrendered and accepted severe conditions, the radicals decided to revolt. The revolutionaries, gathering in March 1871, seized cannons and established the Commune. The Communards were more libertarian than communist, aiming to democratize society. They were violent immediately, and the government forces retreated to Versailles. Paris found itself besieged again by French government forces directed by Adolphe Thiers.

A grave for over 6 million Parisians, the Paris Catacombs today are a huge tourist attraction of the city. But the history behind the subterranean ossuary is much deeper than just being a “mass grave”, and the intricate construction with bones is something that some find haunting while others find fascinating. Click here to join our Patreon.  Connect with us on Instagram and join our Facebook group.  To submit listener stories or case suggestions, and to see all sources for this episode: https://www.inhumanpodcast.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Fluent Fiction - French: Autumn Surprises at Café Douceur: A Parisian Tale of Valor Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2025-10-21-22-34-02-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Le café "Douceur Matinale" était un petit coin de paradis niché au cœur de Paris, près du quartier animé du Marais.En: The café "Douceur Matinale" was a little corner of paradise nestled in the heart of Paris, near the lively district of the Marais.Fr: Par une fraîche matinée d'automne, le café était rempli de l'arôme enivrant du café fraîchement moulu.En: On a crisp autumn morning, the café was filled with the intoxicating aroma of freshly ground coffee.Fr: Les feuilles dorées tourbillonnaient doucement à l'extérieur alors que les Parisiens bavardaient sur le trottoir.En: Golden leaves swirled gently outside as the Parisians chatted on the sidewalk.Fr: Lucille, une barista au grand cœur, était derrière le comptoir, servant des expressos aux clients pressés.En: Lucille, a barista with a big heart, was behind the counter, serving espressos to hurried customers.Fr: Bien qu'un peu nerveuse par nature, elle adorait son travail.En: Although a bit nervous by nature, she loved her job.Fr: Ce matin, elle espérait une journée sans incident.En: This morning, she hoped for an uneventful day.Fr: Ses mains glissaient sur la machine à espresso avec grâce.En: Her hands moved over the espresso machine with grace.Fr: Mathieu, un étudiant en médecine, s'installa à sa table habituelle près de la fenêtre.En: Mathieu, a medical student, settled at his usual table near the window.Fr: Concentré sur ses notes pour un examen important, il était un visage familier pour Lucille.En: Focused on his notes for an important exam, he was a familiar face to Lucille.Fr: Tout semblait paisible jusqu'à ce qu'un frisson d'inquiétude parcoure le café.En: Everything seemed peaceful until a wave of concern swept through the café.Fr: Un client à l'arrière s'effondra brusquement, provoquant des éclats de cris et un léger chaos.En: A customer at the back suddenly collapsed, causing cries and a slight chaos.Fr: Lucille sentit la panique monter en elle, mais elle savait qu'elle devait agir rapidement.En: Lucille felt panic rising within her, but she knew she had to act quickly.Fr: Devait-elle appeler les secours ou essayer d'aider ce client elle-même?En: Should she call for help or try to assist this customer herself?Fr: Sans hésitation, Mathieu se leva.En: Without hesitation, Mathieu got up.Fr: Son intuition de futur médecin l'incitait à intervenir.En: His intuition as a future doctor urged him to intervene.Fr: "Je suis étudiant en médecine," déclara-t-il d'une voix calme mais ferme, rassurant les autres clients.En: "I am a medical student," he declared with a calm but firm voice, reassuring the other customers.Fr: Lucille, reconnaissante, saisit son téléphone pour appeler une ambulance, pendant que Mathieu s'agenouillait près du client évanoui, vérifiant sa respiration et son pouls.En: Lucille, grateful, grabbed her phone to call an ambulance while Mathieu knelt down next to the fainted customer, checking his breathing and pulse.Fr: Ensemble, Lucille et Mathieu stabilisèrent la situation.En: Together, Lucille and Mathieu stabilized the situation.Fr: Mathieu guidait sereinement les actions nécessaires, utilisant ses connaissances pour assurer la sécurité du client.En: Mathieu calmly guided the necessary actions, using his knowledge to ensure the customer's safety.Fr: Quelques longues minutes passèrent avant que les ambulanciers arrivent, mais grâce au duo, le client était hors de danger.En: A few long minutes passed before the paramedics arrived, but thanks to the duo, the customer was out of danger.Fr: Lorsque les secours prirent la relève, Lucille senti un soulagement inattendu.En: When the emergency services took over, Lucille felt an unexpected relief.Fr: Elle respira profondément, conscient d'avoir traversé une épreuve qui l'avait transformée.En: She breathed deeply, aware of having gone through an ordeal that had transformed her.Fr: Mathieu, observant l'évolution sous ses yeux, sentit un profond respect pour la tâche qui l'attendait dans sa carrière future.En: Mathieu, observing the development before his eyes, felt a deep respect for the task that awaited him in his future career.Fr: Lucille remercia Mathieu avec chaleur, consciente que sans lui, elle n'aurait pas su par où commencer.En: Lucille warmly thanked Mathieu, aware that without him, she wouldn't have known where to begin.Fr: Ils échangèrent leurs coordonnées, avec la promesse de se revoir bientôt pour un café en dehors du cadre stressant.En: They exchanged contact information, with the promise to meet again soon for a coffee outside the stressful setting.Fr: La situation avait changé le quotidien de Lucille.En: The situation had changed Lucille's daily life.Fr: Elle se découvrit plus forte, plus courageuse face à l'inattendu.En: She discovered herself to be stronger, more courageous in the face of the unexpected.Fr: Mathieu, lui, repartit de ce matin avec la conviction que sa profession serait riche en moments précieux de véritable aide.En: Mathieu, on the other hand, left that morning with the conviction that his profession would be rich with precious moments of true help.Fr: Ainsi, sous la douce lumière automnale de Paris, un nouveau chapitre de leur vie débuta, mêlant amitié et admiration dans la douce mélodie du Marais.En: Thus, under the soft autumn light of Paris, a new chapter in their lives began, blending friendship and admiration in the gentle melody of the Marais. Vocabulary Words:corner: le coinparadise: le paradisautumn: l'automnearoma: l'arômeleaves: les feuillesbarista: la baristacounter: le comptoiruneventful: sans incidentgrace: la grâceconcern: l'inquiétudechaos: le chaospanick: la paniqueintuition: l'intuitionbreathing: la respirationpulse: le poulsordeal: l'épreuverelief: le soulagementawareness: la consciencecourageous: courageuseunexpected: l'inattenduconviction: la convictionfuture: l'avenirchapter: le chapitrefriendship: l'amitiéadmiration: l'admirationsituation: la situationparamedic: les ambulanciersrescue services: les secoursstudent: l'étudiantmelody: la mélodie

First stop of the new series is Oakham, nestled in the UK's smallest county – Rutland.Rutland has a village that's proudly twinned with Paris (even if the Parisians don't know), has Europe's largest man-made lake (which required flooding a local village) and hangs its horseshoes the other way round (so the devil falls out, obviously).Joining Mark is Clare Balding, who's also in town to take him on a ramble around Rutland, which you can hear in Ramblings, this Thursday on Radio 4.This is the 14th series of Mark's award winning show where he travels around the country visiting towns that have nothing in common but their uniqueness. After thoroughly researching each town, Mark writes and performs a bespoke evening of comedy for a local audience. As well as Oakham, in this series, Mark be will also be popping to Wrexham, Cambridge, Lewisham and, Lerwick and Unst in Shetland.To hear more episodes from this series, search "Mark Steel's In Town" on BBC Sounds.Written and performed by Mark SteelAdditional material by Pete Sinclair Production co-ordinator Caroline Barlow and Katie Baum Sound Manager Jerry Peal Producer Carl CooperA BBC Studios production for Radio 4

Fluent Fiction - French: A Parisian Surprise: Claudine's Secret Birthday Adventure Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2025-10-18-07-38-20-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Les rayons de soleil automnaux se glissent à travers les feuilles dorées sur le célèbre avenue des Champs-Élysées.En: The autumn sunbeams slip through the golden leaves on the famous avenue des Champs-Élysées.Fr: Les arbres vibrent avec les couleurs chaudes de l'automne.En: The trees vibrate with the warm colors of autumn.Fr: Touristes et Parisiens se mêlent aux rires et aux conversations qui remplissent l'air frais.En: Tourists and Parisians mingle, filling the fresh air with laughter and conversations.Fr: C'est un jour ordinaire pour beaucoup, mais pour Claudine, c'est le début d'une aventure secrète.En: It's an ordinary day for many, but for Claudine, it's the start of a secret adventure.Fr: Émile, assis à la terrasse d'un café, feuillette distraitement un journal.En: Émile, sitting on the terrace of a café, is distractedly flipping through a newspaper.Fr: Il est plongé dans ses pensées, le travail envahissant son esprit.En: He is deep in thought, his mind overwhelmed with work.Fr: Claudine, sa partenaire, l'observe discrètement.En: Claudine, his partner, discreetly observes him.Fr: Elle connaît son amour pour l'aventure et son sentiment récent d'être piégé dans la routine.En: She knows his love for adventure and his recent feeling of being trapped in routine.Fr: Le défi est de taille : organiser un voyage surprise pour l'anniversaire d'Émile sans qu'il ne se doute de rien.En: The challenge is significant: organizing a surprise trip for Émile's birthday without him suspecting a thing.Fr: Claudine a déjà parlé à Marc, le patron d'Émile.En: Claudine has already spoken to Marc, Émile's boss.Fr: Ils ont concocté un plan pour qu'Émile ait quelques jours de congé.En: They have concocted a plan to give Émile a few days off.Fr: Mais Émile, toujours sérieux, pense à refuser cette "chance" de partir.En: But Émile, always serious, is thinking about refusing this "chance" to leave.Fr: Un jour, après un café à la crème partagé, Claudine lâche innocemment : "Tu sais, Émile, tu devrais prendre l'air, juste quelques jours.En: One day, after sharing a café à la crème, Claudine casually says, "You know, Émile, you should get some fresh air, just for a few days.Fr: Paris peut devenir étouffant."En: Paris can be suffocating."Fr: Émile acquiesce, mais habité par ses responsabilités, il hésite encore.En: Émile nods, but filled with his responsibilities, he still hesitates.Fr: Toutefois, Claudine ne désespère pas.En: However, Claudine doesn't despair.Fr: Elle persiste, préparant chaque détail pour s'assurer que son plan fonctionne sans accroc.En: She persists, preparing every detail to ensure her plan works without a hitch.Fr: Le matin fatidique arrive.En: The fateful morning arrives.Fr: Émile reçoit un message de Marc, l'invitant à une "réunion importante" à l'aéroport.En: Émile receives a message from Marc, inviting him to an "important meeting" at the airport.Fr: Sans se douter de rien, Émile se dirige vers l'aéroport, un léger soupçon d'agacement dans l'esprit.En: Suspecting nothing, Émile heads to the airport, a slight hint of annoyance in his mind.Fr: Á l'aéroport, une supposée salle de réunion semble introuvable.En: At the airport, a supposed meeting room seems nowhere to be found.Fr: Au lieu de cela, il trouve Claudine, un bouquet de fleurs et un immense sourire.En: Instead, he finds Claudine, a bouquet of flowers, and an immense smile.Fr: "Il n'y a pas de réunion," déclare-t-elle.En: "There is no meeting," she declares.Fr: "Seulement une aventure.En: "Only an adventure.Fr: Joyeux anniversaire, mon amour."En: Happy birthday, my love."Fr: Elle lui tend un billet d'avion, la destination restant un mystère.En: She hands him a plane ticket, the destination remaining a mystery.Fr: Émile cligne des yeux, surpris.En: Émile blinks, surprised.Fr: Son cœur balance entre la surprise et la tentation de la nouveauté.En: His heart sways between surprise and the temptation of novelty.Fr: Lentement, il réalise la beauté du geste.En: Slowly, he realizes the beauty of the gesture.Fr: Finalement, il rit, un rire rempli de gratitude et d'excitation.En: Eventually, he laughs, a laugh filled with gratitude and excitement.Fr: "Embarquons, Claudine," dit-il, son ancienne passion pour l'inconnu renaissant en lui.En: "Let's embark, Claudine," he says, his former passion for the unknown rekindled within him.Fr: Le couple passe alors la sécurité, main dans la main, prêts pour une aventure qui ravive la joie d'Émile pour la spontanéité.En: The couple then passes through security, hand in hand, ready for an adventure that reignites Émile's joy for spontaneity.Fr: Déjà, les Champs-Élysées semblent distants, et une nouvelle histoire s'amorce pour eux au-delà de Paris.En: Already, the Champs-Élysées seem distant, and a new story begins for them beyond Paris. Vocabulary Words:sunbeams: les rayons de soleilleaves: les feuillesavenue: l'avenuepartner: la partenaireroutine: la routinechallenge: le défitrip: le voyageboss: le patronoff: le congéchance: la chancecafé: café à la crèmemorning: le matinmessage: le messagemeeting: la réunionsuspecting: sans se douterairport: l'aéroportroom: la sallebouquet: le bouquetsmile: le sourireplane ticket: le billet d'aviondestination: la destinationgesture: le gestegratitude: la gratitudesecurity: la sécuritéspontaneity: la spontanéitéadventure: l'aventurelaughter: les riressuffocating: étouffantto embark: embarquer

Lisa Carlin and Claudia Pagan preview Matchday 2 of the UEFA Women's Champions League. Can defending champions Arsenal respond after a shock opening defeat, and who needs to step up to steady the ship? Meanwhile, PSG prepare to host Real Madrid and in-form Caroline Weir, with questions swirling around the Parisians' shaky defense. Morning Footy is available for free on the Audacy app as well as Apple Podcasts, Spotify and wherever else you listen to podcasts. Visit the ⁠betting arena on CBSSports.com⁠ for all the latest in ⁠sportsbook reviews⁠ and ⁠sportsbook promos⁠ for ⁠betting on soccer⁠ For more soccer coverage from CBS Sports, visit ⁠https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/⁠ To hear more from the CBS Sports Podcast Network, visit ⁠https://www.cbssports.com/podcasts/⁠ Watch UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Europa Conference League, UEFA Women's Champions League, EFL Championship, EFL League Cup, Carabao Cup, Serie A, Coppa Italia, CONCACAF Nations League, CONCACAF World Cup Qualifiers, Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, NWSL, Scottish Premiership, AFC Champion League by subscribing to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Paramount+⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Visit the betting arena on CBS Sports.com: ⁠https://www.cbssports.com/betting/⁠ For all the latest in sportsbook reviews: ⁠https://www.cbssports.com/betting/news/sportsbook-promos/⁠ And sportsbook promos: ⁠https://www.cbssports.com/betting/news/sportsbook-promos/ To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

You'll be glad to know things have become just a little clearer since last week when it comes to what is going on in France. Just a little.We have a new government, we kind of have a new prime minister, we've had a major retreat by the French president Emmanuel Macron, and we have a crucial few weeks ahead of us in France, during which, I don't think it's an exaggeration to say, the future of the country is at stake.We'll bring you all the latest of course on the chaos and crisis in French politics.And we'll find out why thousands of Parisians have been sent text messages warning them of a catastrophic flood and look at the latest battle to protect the treasured French cheese Camembert.And we'll give you the rundown on the best places in France to see incredible street art. It's not the Louvre of course.Host Ben McPartland is joined once again by The Local France's Emma Pearson, Gen Mansfield and John Lichfield.READ MORE:OPINION - Macron has slammed France into reverse gear with pension surrenderThe small French village that hosts the world's only street art theme park Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Discovering Modern Paris: Tips and Surprises What's it like to experience modern Paris travel today? Is the City of Light still magical—or has it changed too much? In this episode of the Join Us in France Travel Podcast, host Annie Sargent talks with Brian Revel, a traveler from Canada who shares practical and often surprising insights about exploring Paris in 2025. Together, they discuss how Paris feels cleaner, friendlier, and more accessible than ever. Whether you're visiting for the first time or returning after years away, you'll hear what's new, what's improved, and what remains timeless in this evolving city. Paris in 2025 feels different. The air is cleaner, the streets are quieter, and the pace of life is calmer. With fewer cars and more pedestrian zones, modern Paris travel combines sustainability and style. Annie and Brian explore how apps like Bonjour RATP and Navigo Easy make getting around the city easier than ever. Electric buses and an efficient Metro system make it simple to move through the city without stress. Brian also noticed a cultural shift—Parisians are more approachable and welcoming. Service workers, Metro attendants, and locals alike seem proud to show off their city's transformation. The episode also covers hidden corners and practical tips. Brian shares why Bouillon Chartier is still one of the best-value restaurants in Paris, how Galeries Lafayette offers surprisingly affordable lunches, and why a day trip to Strasbourg by TGV makes the perfect addition to any Paris itinerary. Annie and Brian agree that Paris continues to inspire. Its balance of history and innovation makes it irresistible for curious travelers. If you're dreaming of a trip to France, this episode will help you plan smarter, travel easier, and appreciate Paris in a whole new way. Listen and subscribe to Join Us in France on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or YouTube to keep exploring France—one conversation at a time. More episodes about Paris #JoinUsInFrance, #FrancePodcast, #TravelFrance, #FrenchCulture, #ExploreFrance, #DiscoverFrance, #FranceTravelTips, #RealFrance, #Francophile, #FranceAdventures, #Paris2025, #ModernParis, #ParisTravel, #ParisTips, #SustainableTravel, #UrbanTravel, #CleanParis, #SlowTravel, #SmartTravel, #EcoTourismFrance

On this episode we talk to Suzanne Lindon and Paul Kircher about what it was like to star in the new film by Cedric Klapisch, La Venue de l'avenir (French Title), Colors of Time (English Title). As always ARBL Murray (Alex Brook Lynn), and Manon Kerjean interviewed the pair as their film screened at Le Balzac Cinema during a Lost in Frenchlation event. Suzanne and Paul share about what it was like to embody characters from the turn of the 19th century in Paris, as the modern city began to emerge. We talk about art, life, emotional scenes, and legacy.  La Venue de l'avenir (Colors of Time) is about four cousins who inherit a house in rural Normandy. They are encouraged to sell it to make way for a large development but after they visit the house they begin to discover the story of their ancestors, notably a young woman named Adèle (Suzanne Lindon). They trace her story through Paris as the city is really starting to embrace the modern age.   Both Paul and Suzanne are born and raised Parisians and recommend the film Le Péril Jeune (Good Old Daze) and a quintessential coming of age film about young Parisians. 

Full Text of ReadingsTwenty-third Sunday in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 129The Saint of the day is Blessed Frdric OzanamBlessed Frédéric Ozanam’s Story A man convinced of the inestimable worth of each human being, Frédéric served the poor of Paris well, and drew others into serving the poor of the world. Through the Saint Vincent de Paul Society, which he founded, his work continues to the present day. Frédéric Ozanam was the fifth of Jean and Marie Ozanam's 14 children, one of only three to reach adulthood. As a teenager he began having doubts about his religion. Reading and prayer did not seem to help, but long walking discussions with Father Noirot of the Lyons College clarified matters a great deal. Frédéric wanted to study literature, although his father, a doctor, wanted him to become a lawyer. Frédéric yielded to his father's wishes and in 1831, arrived in Paris to study law at the University of the Sorbonne. When certain professors there mocked Catholic teachings in their lectures, Frédéric defended the Church. A discussion club which Frédéric organized sparked the turning point in his life. In this club, Catholics, atheists, and agnostics debated the issues of the day. Once, after Frédéric spoke about Christianity's role in civilization, a club member said: “Let us be frank, Mr. Ozanam; let us also be very particular. What do you do besides talk to prove the faith you claim is in you?” Frédéric Ozanam was stung by the question. He soon decided that his words needed a grounding in action. He and a friend began visiting Paris tenements and offering assistance as best they could. Soon a group dedicated to helping individuals in need under the patronage of Saint Vincent de Paul formed around Frédéric. Feeling that the Catholic faith needed an excellent speaker to explain its teachings, Frédéric convinced the Archbishop of Paris to appoint Dominican Father Jean-Baptiste Lacordaire, the greatest preacher then in France, to preach a Lenten series in Notre Dame Cathedral. It was well-attended and became an annual tradition in Paris. After Frédéric Ozanam earned his law degree at the Sorbonne, he taught law at the University of Lyons. He also earned a doctorate in literature. Soon after marrying Amelie Soulacroix on June 23, 1841, he returned to the Sorbonne to teach literature. A well-respected lecturer, Frédéric worked to bring out the best in each student. Meanwhile, the Saint Vincent de Paul Society was growing throughout Europe. Paris alone counted 25 conferences. In 1846, Frédéric, Amelie, and their daughter Marie went to Italy; there he hoped to restore his poor health. They returned the next year. The revolution of 1848 left many Parisians in need of the services of the Saint Vincent de Paul conferences. The unemployed numbered 275,000. The government asked Frédéric and his coworkers to supervise the government aid to the poor. Vincentians throughout Europe came to the aid of Paris. Frédéric then started a newspaper, The New Era, dedicated to securing justice for the poor and the working classes. Fellow Catholics were often unhappy with what Frédéric wrote. Referring to the poor man as “the nation's priest,” Frédéric said that the hunger and sweat of the poor formed a sacrifice that could redeem the people's humanity. In 1852, poor health again forced Frédéric to return to Italy with his wife and daughter. He died on September 8, 1853. In his sermon at Frédéric's funeral, Fr. Lacordaire described his friend as “one of those privileged creatures who came direct from the hand of God in whom God joins tenderness to genius in order to enkindle the world.” Frédéric was beatified in 1997. Since Frédéric wrote an excellent book entitled Franciscan Poets of the Thirteenth Century, and since his sense of the dignity of each poor person was so close to the thinking of Saint Francis, it seemed appropriate to include him among Franciscan “greats.” His liturgical feast is celebrated on September 9. Reflection Frédéric Ozanam always respected the poor while offering whatever service he could. Each man, woman, and child was too precious to live in poverty. Serving the poor taught Frédéric something about God that he could not have learned elsewhere. Learn more about the legacy of Frédéric Ozanam! Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

Post Malone BioSnap a weekly updated Biography.Post Malone has delivered one of his boldest weeks yet, capturing headlines across entertainment and fashion circles. On September 3, he's set to electrify Paris for the first time at La Défense Arena as part of his Big Ass World Tour—a landmark event drawing thousands, with ticket sellers anticipating capacity crowds and public transport urged to handle the influx. Fans are buzzing about his setlist, which promises both chart-toppers and recent country pivots. The concert boasts a special guest opener, heightening anticipation, while arena staff recommend arrivals from 5:00 pm to ensure a smooth experience.Just days before this career-defining show, Post made a splash in the Paris fashion world, debuting his new clothing label Austin Post Apparel at none other than Karl Lagerfeld's former mansion. According to FashionNetwork, Malone—known for mixing genres as freely as he does styles—delivered a collection rooted in authentic Western wear: think ostrich leather cowboy boots, buffalo coats, and star-embroidered denim, worn by both local Parisians and American cowboys. Whiskey Riff described the Labor Day launch event as an epic, cowboy-chic affair, with Post taking bows in head-to-toe blue denim before rave reviews and raucous applause. Insiders reveal he's plotting a pop-up in New York later this month but left fans guessing where exactly to buy the gear, saying, “that's a good question.”On the music front, his country album F-1 Trillion—recorded with Nashville's heavy-hitters and featuring stars like Morgan Wallen, HARDY, and Blake Shelton—is fueling a major transition for Malone. In a candid Apple Music interview, he spoke about moving to Nashville, finding a welcoming creative community, and feeling “happy, very happy” after slowing down and ditching L.A.'s relentless demands. Friends and collaborators cite his positivity as infectious, and PEOPLE has noted his ongoing public embrace of country influences, including performances with Beyoncé and Brad Paisley.Social media has been awash in posts tagging his Paris runway event and the arena concert's logistics, though verified accounts remain sparse on controversy—most echo the celebratory tone of his recent public appearances. Major outlets are already hailing his Paris stint and fashion debut as milestones that could redefine his image for years to come. If Post Malone keeps this momentum, both the music and fashion worlds will be recalibrating for the long haul.Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta

After a melee at Marseille on the opening weekend of the season, we've followed it up with a disagreement at Dortmund! Mark Bellingham (father of Jobe and Jude) got in a spat with BVB Sporting Director Sebastian Kehl. And things weren't much better on the pitch, so where do Dortmund go from here?Dotun, Andy & JJ are here to explain all of that. Plus, PSG have started with two wins on the board, but their performances have looked far from convincing. With the rest of Ligue 1 smelling blood, how can Luis Enrique get the Parisians back on track? And while Atlético Madrid have spent big this summer, they've picked up just one point in their first two games. What's going wrong and how do they get back to winning ways?**Get 15% off annual subscriptions to our Patreon until the end of August! Don't delay!**Sign up for ad-free episodes of On The Continent, the Football Ramble and Upfront, plus access to our Discord throughout the season and the 2026 World Cup for just $51 a year or $5 a month: https://www.patreon.com/footballramble.Ask us a question on Twitter, Instagram and TikTok, and email us here: otc@footballramble.com.Please fill out Stak's listener survey! It'll help us learn more about the content you love so we can bring you even more - you'll also be entered into a competition to win one of five PlayStation 5's! Click here: https://bit.ly/staksurvey2025***Please take the time to rate us on your podcast app. It means a great deal to the show and will make it easier for other potential listeners to find us. Thanks!*** Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Rabble by Geoffrey Fox is a short historical novel set during the Paris Commune of 1871 — the brief, radical workers' government that took power in Paris after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.Rather than focusing on famous leaders, Fox tells the story from the perspective of ordinary Parisians swept up in the uprising: street vendors, seamstresses, bricklayers, petty criminals, and soldiers, all struggling to survive and make sense of revolutionary ideals as the city descends into chaos.Through multiple voices, the book explores the hopes, conflicts, and betrayals among the “rabble” — the people history usually overlooks — in the last desperate days before the French Army brutally crushes the Commune.

Before you listen too far, make a mental note of what you think are the three most popular streets in Paris.  Then listen to two typical Parisians as they take on this unusual question.  Of course, most people would agree on number one... but where do we go from there. Fitting music this week is from Pres Maxson. Thanks to Abiola and Margaux for their voices.  *********** The Earful Tower exists thanks to support from its members. From $10 a month you can unlock almost endless extras including bonus podcast episodes, live video replays, special event invites, and our annually updated PDF guide to Paris.  Membership takes only a minute to set up on Patreon, or Substack. Thank you for keeping this channel independent.  For more from the Earful Tower, here are some handy links: Website  Weekly newsletter  Walking Tours

Hot dogs, John Hammond, and the return of the pants permit! Need we say more? Kelley covers George Sand, a prolific writer whose gender identity confused 1800s Parisians and demonstrates that gender is a spectrum. Then, Emily celebrates summer with a swimming girlie! Aileen Riggin took to swimming like a fish to water and did more at 14-years-old than most have at 80-years-old. Then she went on to do more than most 80-year-olds do at 90! Don't fall for the sunk cost fallacy and make sure you have a permit for those pants, because we're wining about herstory! Join the Funerary Cult: https://www.patreon.com/winingaboutherstory Sponsor a Glass of Wine: https://buymeacoffee.com/wahpod Get Merch: https://wining-about-herstory.myspreadshop.com/  

Today we examine a picture that may hold clues involving a criminal plot, and then we travel to Paris to investigate the mysterious Paris Time Gap! Original Air Date: Aug 22, 2019   Patreon (Get ad-free episodes, Patreon Discord Access, and more!) https://www.patreon.com/user?u=18482113 PayPal Donation Link https://tinyurl.com/mrxe36ph MERCH STORE!!! https://tinyurl.com/y8zam4o2 Amazon Wish List https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/28CIOGSFRUXAD?ref_=wl_share   Help Promote Dead Rabbit! Dual Flyer https://i.imgur.com/OhuoI2v.jpg "As Above" Flyer https://i.imgur.com/yobMtUp.jpg “Alien Flyer” By TVP VT U https://imgur.com/gallery/aPN1Fnw “QR Code Flyer” by Finn https://imgur.com/a/aYYUMAh   Links: It Seems Like Those Images of Ghislaine Maxwell At In-N-Out Were Fake https://jezebel.com/it-seems-like-those-images-of-ghislaine-maxwell-at-in-n-1837390277?fbclid=IwAR2pG-EUD1eERJmz36deI6eNaOqVgUzzufrw7aoQDyg5muH9GOwYarIh1jY Daily Mail: Photo of Epstein Pal Ghislaine Maxwell at In-N-Out Was Staged https://www.thedailybeast.com/photo-of-jeffrey-epstein-pal-ghislaine-maxwell-at-in-n-out-burger-was-staged-paper-claims "PARIS FAIL" https://prezi.com/hxcaram8j6wl/paris-fail/ Big City Mysteries https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10584622/?ref_=ttep_ep8 If true, what are the theories behind the Paris time gap on 29 December 1902 when Parisians awoke nauseous, and all the pendulum clocks in Paris stopped, including Foucault's pendulum (theoretically only supposed to stop if the earth stops rotating)? https://www.quora.com/If-true-what-are-the-theories-behind-the-Paris-time-gap-on-29-December-1902-when-Parisians-awoke-nauseous-and-all-the-pendulum-clocks-in-Paris-stopped-including-Foucaults-pendulum-theoretically-only-supposed-to-stop Frozen time in Paris https://aminoapps.com/c/paranormal/page/blog/frozen-time-in-paris/06wE_eNnhkuVzD8g4mPkoMNoLYBwXDWZER 1902 clocks stopped and people got sick http://www.astronomyforum.net/off-topic-forum/262669-1902-clocks-stopped-people-got-sick.html Big City Mysteries: Never Solved Urban Secrets https://www.take-a-break.co/big-city-mysteries-never-solved-urban-secrets/6/ Top 10 Secrets & Mysteries: The Paris Time Gap https://hadenajames.wordpress.com/2019/04/10/top-10-secrets-mysteries-the-paris-time-gap/   ---------------------------------------------- Logo Art By Ash Black Opening Song: "Atlantis Attacks" Closing Song: "Bella Royale" Music By Simple Rabbitron 3000 created by Eerbud Thanks to Chris K, Founder Of The Golden Rabbit Brigade Dead Rabbit Archivist Some Weirdo On Twitter AKA Jack YouTube Champ: Stewart Meatball Reddit Champ: TheLast747 The Haunted Mic Arm provided by Chyme Chili Forever Fluffle: Cantillions, Samson, Gregory Gilbertson, Jenny The Cat Discord Mods: Mason, Rudie Jazz   http://www.DeadRabbit.com Email: DeadRabbitRadio@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeadRabbitRadio Facebook: www.Facebook.com/DeadRabbitRadio TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@deadrabbitradio Dead Rabbit Radio Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/DeadRabbitRadio/ Paranormal News Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/ParanormalNews/ Mailing Address Jason Carpenter PO Box 1363 Hood River, OR 97031 Paranormal, Conspiracy, and True Crime news as it happens! Jason Carpenter breaks the stories they'll be talking about tomorrow, assuming the world doesn't end today. All Contents Of This Podcast Copyright Jason Carpenter 2018 - 2025  

Awards San Diego Zoo, Safari Park win prestigious botanic gardens award https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2025/07/06/its-not-all-about-the-animals-san-diego-zoo-safari-park-win-prestigious-botanic-gardens-award/ Clean! Parisians take a historic plunge into the River Seine after more than a century https://apnews.com/article/paris-seine-river-swimming-4ba28e3b0c9c224a1811f538df2a208e In Zion National Park, ‘the Smog Is Gone' https://www.dailygood.org/news/?nid=5104 Rewilding Arizona Game and Fish is using beavers to help restore wetland habitats https://www.kjzz.org/science/2025-07-04/arizona-game-and-fish-is-using-beavers-to-help-restore-wetland-habitats Georgia's bald eagle population takes flight as rebound continues years after near extinction https://georgiarecorder.com/2025/07/04/georgias-bald-eagle-population-takes-flight-as-rebound-continues-years-after-near-extinction/ “Bird of Legend” reappears in Malaysia after more than a century https://www.birdlife.org/news/2025/07/07/bird-of-legend-reappears-in-malaysia-after-more-than-a-century/

James discusses the key moments and all the fallout from the Club World Cup Semi Finals as Chelsea and Paris St Germain clinched their spot on Sunday's final. Joao Pedro starred in Chelsea's win, there's discussion on how he differs from Chelsea's other attackers and on Enzo Maresca's latest tactical tweaks that worked so well in the victory against Brazilians Fluminense. And PSG demolished Real Madrid, on a night where Xabi Alonso may have regrets about his selection and tactics. There's a focus on Madrid's individualism in their players against the clear team ethic and quality of the Parisians, who themselves look like they could be about to dominate football. It doesn't mean Chelsea can't beat them though... but it also doesn't mean PSG aren't the best around if they do... Tomorrow on Planet FPL: Ask James, live stream scheduled for 12pm BST with an audio to follow shortly after conclusion Today on Patreon: Milan Rysavy joins James to discuss mental health in sport and there's a Talking Tactics tribute to Diogo Jota ALL CONTENT ON PLANET FPL PATREON IS FREE BETWEEN JULY 7TH AND JULY 17TH! SIMPLY SIGN UP AS A FREE MEMBER @ WWW.PATREON.COM/PLANETFPL For the full Planet FPL schedule this week, including our offering on Patreon view this post: https://www.patreon.com/posts/133535100 Want to become a member of our FPL community and support the Podcast?  Join us on Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/planetfpl⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow James on Twitter/x: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/PlanetFPLPod⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Suj on Twitter/x: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/sujanshah⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Clayton on Twitter/x: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/claytsAFC⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Subscribe to our YouTube channel: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@PlanetFPL⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Like us on Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/planetfpl⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow us on Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/planetfpl⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ #ClubWorldCup #CWC #FIFA Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

150 years ago, in 1875, work began on the Sacré-Cœur church on the Butte Montmartre. Today, this church is part of the Parisian landscape and is loved by Parisians and visitors alike, but this was not always the case.  www.cultivateyourfrench.com

Devastating flash flooding has killed more than 30 people in Texas - including at least a dozen children. More than two dozen young girls are missing after being swept away from a campsite by rising waters. You'll hear more on the damage - and how State and federal officials are responding.Also: A Toronto woman is facing impaired driving charges after allegedly crashing her car into a downtown café early Saturday morning. Toronto police say large numbers of people still do it every year. We take a look at what makes people take that risk.And: One way to beat the summer heat is take a dip in your local watering hole. But for Parisians, that's been difficult. For over a century, swimming in the River Seine has been banned because of high levels of human waste in the waters. But not anymore. We'll take you to Paris to hear how people are jumping in - or not.Plus: Israel to send mediators to Qatar for ceasefire talks, The dance school in Mumbai's largest slum, AI identifying whales in Newfoundland and Labrador, and more.

Billi (@SGPSoccer) breaks down all of the FIFA Club World Cup matches happening on Saturday, Sunday and Monday. The opening game of the FIFA Club World Cup takes place this evening, as Egyptian champions Al Ahly take on Leo Messi's Inter Miami.Sunday will see Paris St-Germain partake in their first match since inflicting a 5-0 hiding on Inter Milan in the Champions League final. They'll be hoping that their Club World Cup campaign can get off to a flyer with victory over chief Group B rivals Atletico Madrid— in what many feel is the biggest game of the group stage phase. The Parisians impressed with their energy and intensity throughout their Champions League campaign, which also featured knockout stage victories over Premier League outfits Liverpool, Aston Villa and Arsenal. Many fancy them to add this FIFA Club World Cup to their trophy cabinet. Exclusive SGPN Bonuses And Linkshttp://linktr.ee/sportsgamblingpodcastFollow The Sports Gambling Podcast X/Twitter - https://x.com/GamblingPodcastInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/sportsgamblingpodcastTikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@gamblingpodcastFacebook - http://www.facebook.com/sportsgamblingpodcastFollow The Sports Gambling Podcast HostsSean Green - http://www.twitter.com/seantgreenRyan Kramer - http://www.twitter.com/kramercentricGambling problem? Call 1-800-GAMBLER CO, DC, IL, IN, LA, MD, MS, NJ, OH, PA, TN, VA, WV, WY Call 877-8-HOPENY or text HOPENY (467369) (NY) Call 1-800-327-5050 (MA)21+ to wager. Please Gamble Responsibly. Call 1-800-NEXT-STEP (AZ), 1-800-522-4700 (KS, NV), 1-800 BETS-OFF (IA), 1-800-270-7117 for confidential help (MI)

Fluent Fiction - French: Balancing Act: A Paris Café's Tale of Structure and Innovation Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2025-06-15-22-34-02-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Le soleil brillait fort au-dessus de Paris en ce jour d'été.En: The sun shone brightly above Paris on this summer day.Fr: Le petit café d'Émilie et Léon, niché non loin de la majestueuse Tour Eiffel, était en effervescence.En: The little café of Émilie and Léon, nestled not far from the majestic Tour Eiffel, was buzzing with activity.Fr: Les tables en terrasse étaient remplies de touristes curieux et de Parisiens détendus profitant de l'ambiance chaleureuse.En: The terrace tables were filled with curious tourists and relaxed Parisians enjoying the warm atmosphere.Fr: Des arômes de café et de croissants flottaient dans l'air, ajoutant une touche parfumée à l'atmosphère animée.En: Aromas of coffee and croissants floated in the air, adding a fragrant touch to the lively environment.Fr: Émilie s'activait derrière le comptoir, notant mentalement chaque commande, tout en jetant de temps à autre un regard préoccupé sur la caisse enregistreuse.En: Émilie was busy behind the counter, mentally noting each order, while occasionally casting a concerned glance at the cash register.Fr: Elle savait que l'été était crucial pour leur petit café.En: She knew that summer was crucial for their little café.Fr: Beaucoup de touristes signifiaient plus de clients, mais aussi des dépenses accrues.En: Many tourists meant more customers, but also increased expenses.Fr: Émilie était déterminée à ce que le café ne traverse pas de difficultés financières.En: Émilie was determined to ensure that the café didn't face financial difficulties.Fr: Léon, quant à lui, était dans son élément.En: Léon, meanwhile, was in his element.Fr: Il adorait créer des boissons originales et expérimenter avec des sandwichs innovants.En: He loved creating original drinks and experimenting with innovative sandwiches.Fr: Aujourd'hui encore, il avait créé une nouvelle recette : un croissant avocat-feta qui avait déjà séduit quelques clients fidèles.En: Today again, he had created a new recipe: an avocado-feta croissant that had already won over a few loyal customers.Fr: Pour Léon, l'ambiance et la créativité étaient le cœur du café.En: For Léon, the atmosphere and creativity were the heart of the café.Fr: Toutefois, il était souvent en décalage avec les préoccupations pratiques d'Émilie.En: However, he was often out of sync with Émilie's practical concerns.Fr: Un jour, épuisée par la tension entre ses craintes et les projets audacieux de Léon, Émilie convint qu'ils devaient se parler sérieusement.En: One day, exhausted by the tension between her worries and Léon's bold projects, Émilie decided they needed to have a serious talk.Fr: En fin de matinée, elle proposa à Léon de la rejoindre dans la petite salle à l'arrière du café pour une réunion.En: Late in the morning, she suggested to Léon that he join her in the small room at the back of the café for a meeting.Fr: Léon accepta, bien que réticent à laisser l'effervescence du café.En: Léon agreed, though reluctant to leave the café's buzz.Fr: La discussion fut intense.En: The discussion was intense.Fr: Émilie expliqua calmement ses inquiétudes financières.En: Émilie calmly explained her financial concerns.Fr: Elle parla de nécessité de structure et d'efficacité.En: She spoke of the need for structure and efficiency.Fr: Léon, amusé mais respectueux, écouta et défendit sa vision : l'importance d'attirer les clients avec des idées nouvelles.En: Amused but respectful, Léon listened and defended his vision: the importance of attracting customers with new ideas.Fr: Pour lui, l'innovation était la clé du succès.En: For him, innovation was the key to success.Fr: Leurs échanges furent soudain interrompus par un vacarme venant de la salle principale.En: Their exchange was suddenly interrupted by a commotion coming from the main room.Fr: Un grand groupe de touristes venait d'entrer.En: A large group of tourists had just entered.Fr: Le café se remplit en un instant de voix joyeuses et de sons de chaises que l'on déplace.En: The café filled instantly with joyful voices and the sounds of chairs being moved.Fr: Émilie et Léon échangèrent un regard complice et sans un mot se précipitèrent en salle.En: Émilie and Léon exchanged a knowing look and without a word rushed to the main room.Fr: L'équipe ne suffirait pas.En: The team wouldn't be enough.Fr: Émilie prit en charge les commandes avec une efficacité redoutable, tandis que Léon s'occupa de la préparation des plats avec son habituelle créativité.En: Émilie took charge of the orders with remarkable efficiency, while Léon handled the dish preparations with his usual creativity.Fr: C'était comme une danse chorégraphiée.En: It was like a choreographed dance.Fr: Malgré le stress de la situation, le duo parvint à satisfaire tous les clients.En: Despite the stress of the situation, the duo managed to satisfy all the customers.Fr: Les applaudissements de quelques touristes joyeux récompensèrent leurs efforts.En: The applause from some joyful tourists rewarded their efforts.Fr: Quand le dernier client quitta le café en fin d'après-midi, Émilie vérifia la caisse, satisfaite.En: When the last customer left the café by late afternoon, Émilie checked the cash register, satisfied.Fr: La journée lumineuse avait été très rentable.En: The bright day had been very profitable.Fr: Remplis d'une nouvelle compréhension, Émilie et Léon s'assirent enfin, éreintés mais heureux.En: Filled with a newfound understanding, Émilie and Léon finally sat down, exhausted but happy.Fr: Émilie remercia Léon pour son énergie et sa créativité.En: Émilie thanked Léon for his energy and creativity.Fr: Léon, de son côté, reconnut qu'un peu de structure ne faisait pas de mal à leur entreprise.En: In turn, Léon acknowledged that a bit of structure didn't hurt their business.Fr: Ce jour-là, sous le ciel estival de Paris, ils réalisèrent ensemble qu'un équilibre entre structure et imagination était essentiel.En: That day, under the summer sky of Paris, they realized together that a balance between structure and imagination was essential.Fr: Désormais, le petit café proche de la Tour Eiffel accueillait ses visiteurs non seulement avec de la discipline mais aussi avec une pincée de magie créative chaque jour.En: From now on, the little café near the Tour Eiffel greeted its visitors not only with discipline but also with a sprinkle of creative magic each day. Vocabulary Words:the atmosphere: l'ambiancethe aromas: les arômesthe terrace: la terrassebustling: en effervescencemajestic: majestueusethe concern: la préoccupationthe cash register: la caisse enregistreuseincreased: accruesthe creativity: la créativitéthe practical concerns: les préoccupations pratiquesexhausted: épuiséebold: audacieuxthe discussion: la discussioncalmly: calmementthe need: la nécessitéamused: amusérespectful: respectueuxinnovation: l'innovationthe exchange: les échangesabruptly: soudaincommotion: vacarmefilled: remplitcomplicit: complicerushed: précipitèrentremarkable: redoutablechoreographed: chorégraphiéesatisfy: satisfairethe applause: les applaudissementsprofitable: rentableunderstanding: compréhension

Billi (@SGPSoccer) breaks down all of the FIFA Club World Cup matches happening on Saturday, Sunday and Monday. The opening game of the FIFA Club World Cup takes place this evening, as Egyptian champions Al Ahly take on Leo Messi's Inter Miami.Sunday will see Paris St-Germain partake in their first match since inflicting a 5-0 hiding on Inter Milan in the Champions League final. They'll be hoping that their Club World Cup campaign can get off to a flyer with victory over chief Group B rivals Atletico Madrid— in what many feel is the biggest game of the group stage phase. The Parisians impressed with their energy and intensity throughout their Champions League campaign, which also featured knockout stage victories over Premier League outfits Liverpool, Aston Villa and Arsenal. Many fancy them to add this FIFA Club World Cup to their trophy cabinet. Exclusive SGPN Bonuses And Linkshttp://linktr.ee/sportsgamblingpodcast

NOTED. (RELENTLESSLY)—When a company publishes a magazine, or at least an “editorial” product, for whatever reason, it is called custom publishing. I have a long editorial background in custom. And custom has a surprisingly long history itself.How long?John Deere started publishing The Furrow in 1895. The Michelin Star started as a form of custom content: what better way to sell tires to monied Parisians than by enticing them to take a drive to the countryside to try a great restaurant?Amex Publishing famously published Travel + Leisure among other titles for decades. That in-flight magazine you once enjoyed on your flight overseas? That, too, is custom publishing.Now, after some down years, custom publishing is leaning waaaaay into print again. Henrybuilt is an industry leader in designing and constructing well-built products and furnishings for the home. Henrybuilt is not, however, a company that you would think is screaming for a magazine.But the qualities that make a great magazine—attention to detail and craft, the curation of ideas, hard work—are the very qualities that have made Untapped, a “design journal that looks back to look forward.” Led by editor-in-chief Tiffany Jow, Untapped is a smart, well-designed magazine that avoids the pitfalls of most design journals in being free of jargon and thus accessible.With an enviable level of editorial freedom, Jow has created an editorial product that richly explores livable spaces and champions “ideas-driven work.” The result is a growing media entity across platforms independent of Henrybuilt while hewing closely to its brand. It's good stuff.—This episode is made possible by our friends at Freeport Press. A production of Magazeum LLC ©2021–2025

PSG finally achieved their dream of winning the Champions League last weekend as they stormed past Inter Milan in Munich. Are the Parisians a genuine global force to be reckoned with after lifting club football's greatest prize? Niall and Marley discuss what's next for PSG in terms of the football landscape after such an impressive display in the final and debate whether this provides a platform for players to secure bigger moves elsewhere, or whether the French capital is the summit of the mountain. Plus, take our survey about what FSD looks like in the future! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/TX8PM3S Keep up to date with us on our socials here:Twitter: https://twitter.com/FSDPodTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@footballsocialdailyTelegram Group: https://t.me/FootballSocial Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Well, after years of persistence and a countless amount of money spent, PSG are finally champions of Europe! On this week's episode, we digest and review the absolute hammering of Inter Milan at the hands of the Parisians, who finished Top 6 in England (and why), along with a recap of Serie A!

PSG said they wanted to put on a show and indeed they did. Andrew and JJ relive the Parisians breathtaking performance in Munich against a totally overmatched Inter Milan side as we look back at their goals, their performances and their future.Plus, we wonder if Inter would've been better off losing a hard fought battle to Barcelona, Andrew takes us through his travel ordeals and we credit Simone Inzaghi for not walking off stage in the middle of his press conference.If you're looking for even more Caught Offside content, head on over to our premium channel, Caught Offside Plus!Just go to https://caughtoffside.supercast.com to sign up! Once you have access to the premium feed, be sure to go back and check out our special "welcome episode" from June 24th, 2024 (we don't think you'll be disappointed)!And for all the latest merch, get over to https://caughtoffsidepod.com/!---Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@caughtoffsidepod X: https://twitter.com/COsoccerpodInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/caughtoffsidepod/Email: CaughtOffsidePod@gmail.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

No spoilers in the title or description...Until here!We review PSG's EMPHATIC win over Inter in the Champions League Final. How good were the Parisians and how poor were their Italian counterparts? How were PSG able to cause so many problems on both sides of the ball? What does this mean for the respective legacies of Luis Enrique and Simone Inzaghi? Can Graham pronounce the name Warren? All that and much, much more!WE HAVE A YOUTUBE CHANNEL!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠We're posting all our episodes here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠! Smash the like and subscribe etc.!JOIN THE TSS+ PATREON!Check out our Patreon, which houses bonus podcasts, access to our exclusive Discord, blog posts, videos, and much more. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A BETTER-BUILT MAGAZINE—When a company publishes a magazine, or at least an “editorial” product, for whatever reason, it is called custom publishing. I have a long editorial background in custom. And custom has a surprisingly long history itself.How long?John Deere started publishing The Furrow in 1895. The Michelin Star started as a form of custom content: what better way to sell tires to monied Parisians than by enticing them to take a drive to the countryside to try a great restaurant?Amex Publishing famously published Travel + Leisure among other titles for decades. That in-flight magazine you once enjoyed on your flight overseas? That, too, is custom publishing.Now, after some down years, custom publishing is leaning waaaaay into print again. Henrybuilt is an industry leader in designing and constructing well-built products and furnishings for the home. Henrybuilt is not, however, a company that you would think is screaming for a magazine.But the qualities that make a great magazine—attention to detail and craft, the curation of ideas, hard work—are the very qualities that have made Untapped, a “design journal that looks back to look forward.” Led by editor-in-chief Tiffany Jow, Untapped is a smart, well-designed magazine that avoids the pitfalls of most design journals in being free of jargon and thus accessible.With an enviable level of editorial freedom, Jow has created an editorial product that richly explores livable spaces and champions “ideas-driven work.” The result is a growing media entity across platforms independent of Henrybuilt while hewing closely to its brand. It's good stuff.—This episode is made possible by our friends at Freeport Press. A production of Magazeum LLC ©2021–2025

Dave looks at the Champions League semi-final between Arsenal and PSG as the Parisians beat the Gunners in London. He then looks at the final day of the domestic leagues and looks at the state of the European leagues. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dave looks at the Champions League semi-final between Arsenal and PSG as the Parisians beat the Gunners in London. He then looks at the final day of the domestic leagues and looks at the state of the European leagues. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The Catacombs of Paris, a subterranean ossuary extending beneath the bustling streets of the French capital, stand as a stark reminder of the city's past and a testament to the fragility of life. Originally established in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to address the critical issue of overcrowded cemeteries, this vast network of tunnels now holds the remains of over six million Parisians. Where to Find What Goes Bump In The Night YouTube: @whatgoesbumpinthenight Facebook: What Goes Bump In The Night Instagram: @Whatgoesbumppod X: @Whatgoesbumppod TikTok: @whatgoesbumppod Threads: @whatgoesbumppod GET YOU SELF SOME FIRE!!! MERCH!!! Shop What Goes Bump: https://what-goes-bump-in-the-night.m... $$$ Donations $$$ All donations are directly used to support the channel. Hosting a podcast on all streaming platforms is not free, and if you would like to support and help us keep our dream alive, we are forever grateful for our #NightCrew Family. These funds pay host site fees, investigations, giveaways, and so much more! CashApp #Whatgoesbump Venmo @Whatgoesbump #paranormalpodcast #ParanormalStories #SpookySeason #SpookySeasonAllTheTime #ghosthunting #ProjectFear #nightcrew #paranormalinvestigation #HauntedPlaces #HauntedUSA #ScaryPlaces #ScaryStories #NukesTop5 #SlappedHam #Chills #RealGhostHunting #RealParanormal

So what, exactly, was “The Enlightenment”? According to the Princeton historian David A. Bell, it was an intellectual movement roughly spanning the early 18th century through to the French Revolution. In his Spring 2025 Liberties Quarterly piece “The Enlightenment, Then and Now”, Bell charts the Enlightenment as a complex intellectual movement centered in Paris but with hubs across Europe and America. He highlights key figures like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Kant, and Franklin, discussing their contributions to concepts of religious tolerance, free speech, and rationality. In our conversation, Bell addresses criticisms of the Enlightenment, including its complicated relationship with colonialism and slavery, while arguing that its principles of freedom and reason remain relevant today. 5 Key Takeaways* The Enlightenment emerged in the early 18th century (around 1720s) and was characterized by intellectual inquiry, skepticism toward religion, and a growing sense among thinkers that they were living in an "enlightened century."* While Paris was the central hub, the Enlightenment had multiple centers including Scotland, Germany, and America, with thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, Kant, Hume, and Franklin contributing to its development.* The Enlightenment introduced the concept of "society" as a sphere of human existence separate from religion and politics, forming the basis of modern social sciences.* The movement had a complex relationship with colonialism and slavery - many Enlightenment thinkers criticized slavery, but some of their ideas about human progress were later used to justify imperialism.* According to Bell, rather than trying to "return to the Enlightenment," modern society should selectively adopt and adapt its valuable principles of free speech, religious tolerance, and education to create our "own Enlightenment."David Avrom Bell is a historian of early modern and modern Europe at Princeton University. His most recent book, published in 2020 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, is Men on Horseback: The Power of Charisma in the Age of Revolution. Described in the Journal of Modern History as an "instant classic," it is available in paperback from Picador, in French translation from Fayard, and in Italian translation from Viella. A study of how new forms of political charisma arose in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the book shows that charismatic authoritarianism is as modern a political form as liberal democracy, and shares many of the same origins. Based on exhaustive research in original sources, the book includes case studies of the careers of George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte, Toussaint Louverture and Simon Bolivar. The book's Introduction can be read here. An online conversation about the book with Annette Gordon-Reed, hosted by the Cullman Center of the New York Public Library, can be viewed here. Links to material about the book, including reviews in The New York Review of Books, The Guardian, Harper's, The New Republic, The Nation, Le Monde, The Los Angeles Review of Books and other venues can be found here. Bell is also the author of six previous books. He has published academic articles in both English and French and contributes regularly to general interest publications on a variety of subjects, ranging from modern warfare, to contemporary French politics, to the impact of digital technology on learning and scholarship, and of course French history. A list of his publications from 2023 and 2024 can be found here. His Substack newsletter can be found here. His writings have been translated into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Hebrew, Swedish, Polish, Russian, German, Croatian, Italian, Turkish and Japanese. At the History Department at Princeton University, he holds the Sidney and Ruth Lapidus Chair in the Era of North Atlantic Revolutions, and offers courses on early modern Europe, on military history, and on the early modern French empire. Previously, he spent fourteen years at Johns Hopkins University, including three as Dean of Faculty in its School of Arts and Sciences. From 2020 to 2024 he served as Director of the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies at Princeton. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a corresponding fellow of the British Academy. Bell's new project is a history of the Enlightenment. A preliminary article from the project was published in early 2022 by Modern Intellectual History. Another is now out in French History.Named as one of the "100 most connected men" by GQ magazine, Andrew Keen is amongst the world's best known broadcasters and commentators. In addition to presenting the daily KEEN ON show, he is the host of the long-running How To Fix Democracy interview series. He is also the author of four prescient books about digital technology: CULT OF THE AMATEUR, DIGITAL VERTIGO, THE INTERNET IS NOT THE ANSWER and HOW TO FIX THE FUTURE. Andrew lives in San Francisco, is married to Cassandra Knight, Google's VP of Litigation & Discovery, and has two grown children. FULL TRANSCRIPTAndrew Keen: Hello everybody, in these supposedly dark times, the E word comes up a lot, the Enlightenment. Are we at the end of the Enlightenment or the beginning? Was there even an Enlightenment? My guest today, David Bell, a professor of history, very distinguished professor of history at Princeton University, has an interesting piece in the spring issue of It is One of our, our favorite quarterlies here on Keen on America, Bell's piece is The Enlightenment Then and Now, and David is joining us from the home of the Enlightenment, perhaps Paris in France, where he's on sabbatical hard life. David being an academic these days, isn't it?David Bell: Very difficult. I'm having to suffer the Parisian bread and croissant. It's terrible.Andrew Keen: Yeah. Well, I won't keep you too long. Is Paris then, or France? Is it the home of the Enlightenment? I know there are many Enlightenments, the French, the Scottish, maybe even the English, perhaps even the American.David Bell: It's certainly one of the homes of the Enlightenment, and it's probably the closest that the Enlightened had to a center, absolutely. But as you say, there were Edinburgh, Glasgow, plenty of places in Germany, Philadelphia, all those places have good claims to being centers of the enlightenment as well.Andrew Keen: All the same David, is it like one of those sports games in California where everyone gets a medal?David Bell: Well, they're different metals, right, but I think certainly Paris is where everybody went. I mean, if you look at the figures from the German Enlightenment, from the Scottish Enlightenment from the American Enlightenment they all tended to congregate in Paris and the Parisians didn't tend to go anywhere else unless they were forced to. So that gives you a pretty good sense of where the most important center was.Andrew Keen: So David, before we get to specifics, map out for us, because everyone is perhaps as familiar or comfortable with the history of the Enlightenment, and certainly as you are. When did it happen? What years? And who are the leaders of this thing called the Enlightenment?David Bell: Well, that's a big question. And I'm afraid, of course, that if you ask 10 historians, you'll get 10 different answers.Andrew Keen: Well, I'm only asking you, so I only want one answer.David Bell: So I would say that the Enlightenment really gets going around the first couple of decades of the 18th century. And that's when people really start to think that they are actually living in what they start to call an Enlightenment century. There are a lot of reasons for this. They are seeing what we now call the scientific revolution. They're looking at the progress that has been made with that. They are experiencing the changes in the religious sphere, including the end of religious wars, coming with a great deal of skepticism about religion. They are living in a relative period of peace where they're able to speculate much more broadly and daringly than before. But it's really in those first couple of decades that they start thinking of themselves as living in an enlightened century. They start defining themselves as something that would later be called the enlightenment. So I would say that it's, really, really there between maybe the end of the 17th century and 1720s that it really gets started.Andrew Keen: So let's have some names, David, of philosophers, I guess. I mean, if those are the right words. I know that there was a term in French. There is a term called philosoph. Were they the founders, the leaders of the Enlightenment?David Bell: Well, there is a... Again, I don't want to descend into academic quibbling here, but there were lots of leaders. Let me give an example, though. So the year 1721 is a remarkable year. So in the year, 1721, two amazing events happened within a couple of months of each other. So in May, Montesquieu, one of the great philosophers by any definition, publishes his novel called Persian Letters. And this is an incredible novel. Still, I think one of greatest novels ever written, and it's very daring. It is the account, it is supposedly a an account written by two Persian travelers to Europe who are writing back to people in Isfahan about what they're seeing. And it is very critical of French society. It is very of religion. It is, as I said, very daring philosophically. It is a product in part of the increasing contact between Europe and the rest of the world that is also very central to the Enlightenment. So that novel comes out. So it's immediately, you know, the police try to suppress it. But they don't have much success because it's incredibly popular and Montesquieu doesn't suffer any particular problems because...Andrew Keen: And the French police have never been the most efficient police force in the world, have they?David Bell: Oh, they could be, but not in this case. And then two months later, after Montesquieu published this novel, there's a German philosopher much less well-known than Montesqiu, than Christian Bolz, who is a professor at the Universität Haller in Prussia, and he gives an oration in Latin, a very typical university oration for the time, about Chinese philosophy, in which he says that the Chinese have sort of proved to the world, particularly through the writings of Confucius and others, that you can have a virtuous society without religion. Obviously very controversial. Statement for the time it actually gets him fired from his job, he has to leave the Kingdom of Prussia within 48 hours on penalty of death, starts an enormous controversy. But here are two events, both of which involving non-European people, involving the way in which Europeans are starting to look out at the rest of the world and starting to imagine Europe as just one part of a larger humanity, and at the same time they are starting to speculate very daringly about whether you can have. You know, what it means to have a society, do you need to have religion in order to have morality in society? Do you need the proper, what kind of government do you need to to have virtuous conduct and a proper society? So all of these things get, you know, really crystallize, I think, around these two incidents as much as anything. So if I had to pick a single date for when the enlightenment starts, I'd probably pick that 1721.Andrew Keen: And when was, David, I thought you were going to tell me about the earthquake in Lisbon, when was that earthquake?David Bell: That earthquake comes quite a bit later. That comes, and now historians should be better with dates than I am. It's in the 1750s, I think it's the late 1750's. Again, this historian is proving he's getting a very bad grade for forgetting the exact date, but it's in 1750. So that's a different kind of event, which sparks off a great deal of commentary, because it's a terrible earthquake. It destroys most of the city of Lisbon, it destroys other cities throughout Portugal, and it leads a lot of the philosophy to philosophers at the time to be speculating very daringly again on whether there is any kind of real purpose to the universe and whether there's any kind divine purpose. Why would such a terrible thing happen? Why would God do such a thing to his followers? And certainly VoltaireAndrew Keen: Yeah, Votav, of course, comes to mind of questioning.David Bell: And Condit, Voltaire's novel Condit gives a very good description of the earthquake in Lisbon and uses that as a centerpiece. Voltair also read other things about the earthquake, a poem about Lisbon earthquake. But in Condit he gives a lasting, very scathing portrait of the Catholic Church in general and then of what happens in Portugal. And so the Lisbon Earthquake is certainly another one of the events, but it happens considerably later. Really in the middle of the end of life.Andrew Keen: So, David, you believe in this idea of the Enlightenment. I take your point that there are more than one Enlightenment in more than one center, but in broad historical terms, the 18th century could be defined at least in Western and Northern Europe as the period of the Enlightenment, would that be a fair generalization?David Bell: I think it's perfectly fair generalization. Of course, there are historians who say that it never happened. There's a conservative British historian, J.C.D. Clark, who published a book last summer, saying that the Enlightenment is a kind of myth, that there was a lot of intellectual activity in Europe, obviously, but that the idea that it formed a coherent Enlightenment was really invented in the 20th century by a bunch of progressive reformers who wanted to claim a kind of venerable and august pedigree for their own reform, liberal reform plans. I think that's an exaggeration. People in the 18th century defined very clearly what was going on, both people who were in favor of it and people who are against it. And while you can, if you look very closely at it, of course it gets a bit fuzzy. Of course it's gets, there's no single, you can't define a single enlightenment project or a single enlightened ideology. But then, I think people would be hard pressed to define any intellectual movement. You know, in perfect, incoherent terms. So the enlightenment is, you know by compared with almost any other intellectual movement certainly existed.Andrew Keen: In terms of a philosophy of the Enlightenment, the German thinker, Immanuel Kant, seems to be often, and when you describe him as the conscience or the brain or a mixture of the conscience and brain of the enlightenment, why is Kant and Kantian thinking so important in the development of the Enlightenment.David Bell: Well, that's a really interesting question. And one reason is because most of the Enlightenment was not very rigorously philosophical. A lot of the major figures of the enlightenment before Kant tended to be writing for a general public. And they often were writing with a very specific agenda. We look at Voltaire, Diderot, Rousseau. Now you look at Adam Smith in Scotland. We look David Hume or Adam Ferguson. You look at Benjamin Franklin in the United States. These people wrote in all sorts of different genres. They wrote in, they wrote all sorts of different kinds of books. They have many different purposes and very few of them did a lot of what we would call rigorous academic philosophy. And Kant was different. Kant was very much an academic philosopher. Kant was nothing if not rigorous. He came at the end of the enlightenment by most people's measure. He wrote these very, very difficult, very rigorous, very brilliant works, such as The Creek of Pure Reason. And so, it's certainly been the case that people who wanted to describe the Enlightenment as a philosophy have tended to look to Kant. So for example, there's a great German philosopher and intellectual historian of the early 20th century named Ernst Kassirer, who had to leave Germany because of the Nazis. And he wrote a great book called The Philosophy of the Enlightened. And that leads directly to Immanuel Kant. And of course, Casir himself was a Kantian, identified with Kant. And so he wanted to make Kant, in a sense, the telos, the end point, the culmination, the fulfillment of the Enlightenment. But so I think that's why Kant has such a particularly important position. You're defining it both ways.Andrew Keen: I've always struggled to understand what Kant was trying to say. I'm certainly not alone there. Might it be fair to say that he was trying to transform the universe and certainly traditional Christian notions into the Enlightenment, so the entire universe, the world, God, whatever that means, that they were all somehow according to Kant enlightened.David Bell: Well, I think that I'm certainly no expert on Immanuel Kant. And I would say that he is trying to, I mean, his major philosophical works are trying to put together a system of philosophical thinking which will justify why people have to act morally, why people act rationally, without the need for Christian revelation to bolster them. That's a very, very crude and reductionist way of putting it, but that's essentially at the heart of it. At the same time, Kant was very much aware of his own place in history. So Kant didn't simply write these very difficult, thick, dense philosophical works. He also wrote things that were more like journalism or like tablets. He wrote a famous essay called What is Enlightenment? And in that, he said that the 18th century was the period in which humankind was simply beginning to. Reach a period of enlightenment. And he said, he starts the essay by saying, this is the period when humankind is being released from its self-imposed tutelage. And we are still, and he said we do not yet live in the midst of a completely enlightened century, but we are getting there. We are living in a century that is enlightening.Andrew Keen: So the seeds, the seeds of Hegel and maybe even Marx are incant in that German thinking, that historical thinking.David Bell: In some ways, in some ways of course Hegel very much reacts against Kant and so and then Marx reacts against Hegel. So it's not exactly.Andrew Keen: Well, that's the dialectic, isn't it, David?David Bell: A simple easy path from one to the other, no, but Hegel is unimaginable without Kant of course and Marx is unimagineable without Hegel.Andrew Keen: You note that Kant represents a shift in some ways into the university and the walls of the universities were going up, and that some of the other figures associated with the the Enlightenment and Scottish Enlightenment, human and Smith and the French Enlightenment Voltaire and the others, they were more generalist writers. Should we be nostalgic for the pre-university period in the Enlightenment, or? Did things start getting serious once the heavyweights, the academic heavyweighs like Emmanuel Kant got into this thing?David Bell: I think it depends on where we're talking about. I mean, Adam Smith was a professor at Glasgow in Edinburgh, so Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment was definitely at least partly in the universities. The German Enlightenment took place very heavily in universities. Christian Vodafoy I just mentioned was the most important German philosopher of the 18th century before Kant, and he had positions in university. Even the French university system, for a while, what's interesting about the French University system, particularly the Sorbonne, which was the theology faculty, It was that. Throughout the first half of the 18th century, there were very vigorous, very interesting philosophical debates going on there, in which the people there, particularly even Jesuits there, were very open to a lot of the ideas we now call enlightenment. They were reading John Locke, they were reading Mel Pench, they were read Dekalb. What happened though in the French universities was that as more daring stuff was getting published elsewhere. Church, the Catholic Church, started to say, all right, these philosophers, these philosophies, these are our enemies, these are people we have to get at. And so at that point, anybody who was in the university, who was still in dialog with these people was basically purged. And the universities became much less interesting after that. But to come back to your question, I do think that I am very nostalgic for that period. I think that the Enlightenment was an extraordinary period, because if you look between. In the 17th century, not all, but a great deal of the most interesting intellectual work is happening in the so-called Republic of Letters. It's happening in Latin language. It is happening on a very small circle of RUD, of scholars. By the 19th century following Kant and Hegel and then the birth of the research university in Germany, which is copied everywhere, philosophy and the most advanced thinking goes back into the university. And the 18th century, particularly in France, I will say, is a time when the most advanced thought is being written for a general public. It is being in the form of novels, of dialogs, of stories, of reference works, and it is very, very accessible. The most profound thought of the West has never been as accessible overall as in the 18 century.Andrew Keen: Again, excuse this question, it might seem a bit naive, but there's a lot of pre-Enlightenment work, books, thinking that we read now that's very accessible from Erasmus and Thomas More to Machiavelli. Why weren't characters like, or are characters like Erasmuus, More's Utopia, Machiavell's prints and discourses, why aren't they considered part of the Enlightenment? What's the difference between? Enlightened thinkers or the supposedly enlightened thinkers of the 18th century and thinkers and writers of the 16th and 17th centuries.David Bell: That's a good question, you know, I think you have to, you, you know, again, one has to draw a line somewhere. That's not a very good answer, of course. All these people that you just mentioned are, in one way or another, predecessors to the Enlightenment. And of course, there were lots of people. I don't mean to say that nobody wrote in an accessible way before 1700. Obviously, lots of the people you mentioned did. Although a lot of them originally wrote in Latin, Erasmus, also Thomas More. But I think what makes the Enlightened different is that you have, again, you have a sense. These people have have a sense that they are themselves engaged in a collective project, that it is a collective project of enlightenment, of enlightening the world. They believe that they live in a century of progress. And there are certain principles. They don't agree on everything by any means. The philosophy of enlightenment is like nothing more than ripping each other to shreds, like any decent group of intellectuals. But that said, they generally did believe That people needed to have freedom of speech. They believed that you needed to have toleration of different religions. They believed in education and the need for a broadly educated public that could be as broad as possible. They generally believed in keeping religion out of the public sphere as much as possible, so all those principles came together into a program that we can consider at least a kind of... You know, not that everybody read it at every moment by any means, but there is an identifiable enlightenment program there, and in this case an identifiable enlightenment mindset. One other thing, I think, which is crucial to the Enlightenment, is that it was the attention they started to pay to something that we now take almost entirely for granted, which is the idea of society. The word society is so entirely ubiquitous, we assume it's always been there, and in one sense it has, because the word societas is a Latin word. But until... The 18th century, the word society generally had a much narrower meaning. It referred to, you know, particular institution most often, like when we talk about the society of, you know, the American philosophical society or something like that. And the idea that there exists something called society, which is the general sphere of human existence that is separate from religion and is separate from the political sphere, that's actually something which only really emerged at the end of the 1600s. And it became really the focus of you know, much, if not most, of enlightenment thinking. When you look at someone like Montesquieu and you look something, somebody like Rousseau or Voltaire or Adam Smith, probably above all, they were concerned with understanding how society works, not how government works only, but how society, what social interactions are like beginning of what we would now call social science. So that's yet another thing that distinguishes the enlightened from people like Machiavelli, often people like Thomas More, and people like bonuses.Andrew Keen: You noted earlier that the idea of progress is somehow baked in, in part, and certainly when it comes to Kant, certainly the French Enlightenment, although, of course, Rousseau challenged that. I'm not sure whether Rousseaut, as always, is both in and out of the Enlightenment and he seems to be in and out of everything. How did the Enlightement, though, make sense of itself in the context of antiquity, as it was, of Terms, it was the Renaissance that supposedly discovered or rediscovered antiquity. How did many of the leading Enlightenment thinkers, writers, how did they think of their own society in the context of not just antiquity, but even the idea of a European or Western society?David Bell: Well, there was a great book, one of the great histories of the Enlightenment was written about more than 50 years ago by the Yale professor named Peter Gay, and the first part of that book was called The Modern Paganism. So it was about the, you know, it was very much about the relationship between the Enlightenment and the ancient Greek synonyms. And certainly the writers of the enlightenment felt a great deal of kinship with the ancient Greek synonymous. They felt a common bond, particularly in the posing. Christianity and opposing what they believed the Christian Church had wrought on Europe in suppressing freedom and suppressing free thought and suppassing free inquiry. And so they felt that they were both recovering but also going beyond antiquity at the same time. And of course they were all, I mean everybody at the time, every single major figure of the Enlightenment, their education consisted in large part of what we would now call classics, right? I mean, there was an educational reformer in France in the 1760s who said, you know, our educational system is great if the purpose is to train Roman centurions, if it's to train modern people who are not doing both so well. And it's true. I mean they would spend, certainly, you know in Germany, in much of Europe, in the Netherlands, even in France, I mean people were trained not simply to read Latin, but to write in Latin. In Germany, university courses took part in the Latin language. So there's an enormous, you know, so they're certainly very, very conversant with the Greek and Roman classics, and they identify with them to a very great extent. Someone like Rousseau, I mean, and many others, and what's his first reading? How did he learn to read by reading Plutarch? In translation, but he learns to read reading Plutach. He sees from the beginning by this enormous admiration for the ancients that we get from Bhutan.Andrew Keen: Was Socrates relevant here? Was the Enlightenment somehow replacing Aristotle with Socrates and making him and his spirit of Enlightenment, of asking questions rather than answering questions, the symbol of a new way of thinking?David Bell: I would say to a certain extent, so I mean, much of the Enlightenment criticizes scholasticism, medieval scholastic, very, very sharply, and medieval scholasticism is founded philosophically very heavily upon Aristotle, so to that extent. And the spirit of skepticism that Socrates embodied, the idea of taking nothing for granted and asking questions about everything, including questions of oneself, yes, absolutely. That said, while the great figures of the Red Plato, you know, Socrates was generally I mean, it was not all that present as they come. But certainly have people with people with red play-doh in the entire virus.Andrew Keen: You mentioned Benjamin Franklin earlier, David. Most of the Enlightenment, of course, seems to be centered in France and Scotland, Germany, England. But America, many Europeans went to America then as a, what some people would call a settler colonial society, or certainly an offshoot of the European world. Was the settling of America and the American Revolution Was it the quintessential Enlightenment project?David Bell: Another very good question, and again, it depends a bit on who you talk to. I just mentioned this book by Peter Gay, and the last part of his book is called The Science of Freedom, and it's all about the American Revolution. So certainly a lot of interpreters of the Enlightenment have said that, yes, the American revolution represents in a sense the best possible outcome of the American Revolution, it was the best, possible outcome of the enlightened. Certainly there you look at the founding fathers of the United States and there's a great deal that they took from me like Certainly, they took a great great number of political ideas from Obviously Madison was very much inspired and drafting the edifice of the Constitution by Montesquieu to see himself Was happy to admit in addition most of the founding Fathers of the united states were you know had kind of you know We still had we were still definitely Christians, but we're also but we were also very much influenced by deism were very much against the idea of making the United States a kind of confessional country where Christianity was dominant. They wanted to believe in the enlightenment principles of free speech, religious toleration and so on and so forth. So in all those senses and very much the gun was probably more inspired than Franklin was somebody who was very conversant with the European Enlightenment. He spent a large part of his life in London. Where he was in contact with figures of the Enlightenment. He also, during the American Revolution, of course, he was mostly in France, where he is vetted by some of the surviving fellows and were very much in contact for them as well. So yes, I would say the American revolution is certainly... And then the American revolutionary scene, of course by the Europeans, very much as a kind of offshoot of the enlightenment. So one of the great books of the late Enlightenment is by Condor Say, which he wrote while he was hiding actually in the future evolution of the chariot. It's called a historical sketch of the progress of the human spirit, or the human mind, and you know he writes about the American Revolution as being, basically owing its existence to being like...Andrew Keen: Franklin is of course an example of your pre-academic enlightenment, a generalist, inventor, scientist, entrepreneur, political thinker. What about the role of science and indeed economics in the Enlightenment? David, we're going to talk of course about the Marxist interpretation, perhaps the Marxist interpretation which sees The Enlightenment is just a euphemism, perhaps, for exploitative capitalism. How central was the growth and development of the market, of economics, and innovation, and capitalism in your reading of The Enlightened?David Bell: Well, in my reading, it was very important, but not in the way that the Marxists used to say. So Friedrich Engels once said that the Enlightenment was basically the idealized kingdom of the bourgeoisie, and there was whole strain of Marxist thinking that followed the assumption that, and then Karl Marx himself argued that the documents like the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which obviously were inspired by the Enlightment, were simply kind of the near, or kind of. Way that the bourgeoisie was able to advance itself ideologically, and I don't think that holds much water, which is very little indication that any particular economic class motivated the Enlightenment or was using the Enlightment in any way. That said, I think it's very difficult to imagine the Enlightement without the social and economic changes that come in with the 18th century. To begin with globalization. If you read the great works of the Enlightenment, it's remarkable just how open they are to talking about humanity in general. So one of Voltaire's largest works, one of his most important works, is something called Essay on Customs and the Spirit of Nations, which is actually History of the World, where he talks learnedly not simply about Europe, but about the Americas, about China, about Africa, about India. Montesquieu writes Persian letters. Christian Volpe writes about Chinese philosophy. You know, Rousseau writes about... You know, the earliest days of humankind talks about Africa. All the great figures of the Enlightenment are writing about the rest of the world, and this is a period in which contacts between Europe and the rest the world are exploding along with international trade. So by the end of the 18th century, there are 4,000 to 5,000 ships a year crossing the Atlantic. It's an enormous number. And that's one context in which the enlightenment takes place. Another is what we call the consumer revolution. So in the 18th century, certainly in the major cities of Western Europe, people of a wide range of social classes, including even artisans, sort of somewhat wealthy artisians, shopkeepers, are suddenly able to buy a much larger range of products than they were before. They're able to choose how to basically furnish their own lives, if you will, how they're gonna dress, what they're going to eat, what they gonna put on the walls of their apartments and so on and so forth. And so they become accustomed to exercising a great deal more personal choice than their ancestors have done. And the Enlightenment really develops in tandem with this. Most of the great works of the Enlightment, they're not really written to, they're treatises, they're like Kant, they're written to persuade you to think in a single way. Really written to make you ask questions yourself, to force you to ponder things. They're written in the form of puzzles and riddles. Voltaire had a great line there, he wrote that the best kind of books are the books that readers write half of themselves as they read, and that's sort of the quintessence of the Enlightenment as far as I'm concerned.Andrew Keen: Yeah, Voltaire might have been comfortable on YouTube or Facebook. David, you mentioned all those ships going from Europe across the Atlantic. Of course, many of those ships were filled with African slaves. You mentioned this in your piece. I mean, this is no secret, of course. You also mentioned a couple of times Montesquieu's Persian letters. To what extent is... The enlightenment then perhaps the birth of Western power, of Western colonialism, of going to Africa, seizing people, selling them in North America, the French, the English, Dutch colonization of the rest of the world. Of course, later more sophisticated Marxist thinkers from the Frankfurt School, you mentioned these in your essay, Odorno and Horkheimer in particular, See the Enlightenment as... A project, if you like, of Western domination. I remember reading many years ago when I was in graduate school, Edward Said, his analysis of books like The Persian Letters, which is a form of cultural Western power. How much of this is simply bound up in the profound, perhaps, injustice of the Western achievement? And of course, some of the justice as well. We haven't talked about Jefferson, but perhaps in Jefferson's life and his thinking and his enlightened principles and his... Life as a slave owner, these contradictions are most self-evident.David Bell: Well, there are certainly contradictions, and there's certainly... I think what's remarkable, if you think about it, is that if you read through works of the Enlightenment, you would be hard-pressed to find a justification for slavery. You do find a lot of critiques of slavery, and I think that's something very important to keep in mind. Obviously, the chattel slavery of Africans in the Americas began well before the Enlightment, it began in 1500. The Enlightenment doesn't have the credit for being the first movement to oppose slavery. That really goes back to various religious groups, especially the Fakers. But that said, you have in France, you had in Britain, in America even, you'd have a lot of figures associated with the Enlightenment who were pretty sure of becoming very forceful opponents of slavery very early. Now, when it comes to imperialism, that's a tricky issue. What I think you'd find in these light bulbs, you'd different sorts of tendencies and different sorts of writings. So there are certainly a lot of writers of the Enlightenment who are deeply opposed to European authorities. One of the most popular works of the late Enlightenment was a collective work edited by the man named the Abbe Rinal, which is called The History of the Two Indies. And that is a book which is deeply, deeply critical of European imperialism. At the same time, at the same of the enlightenment, a lot the works of history written during the Enlightment. Tended, such as Voltaire's essay on customs, which I just mentioned, tend to give a kind of very linear version of history. They suggest that all societies follow the same path, from sort of primitive savagery, hunter-gatherers, through early agriculture, feudal stages, and on into sort of modern commercial society and civilization. And so they're basically saying, okay, we, the Europeans, are the most advanced. People like the Africans and the Native Americans are the least advanced, and so perhaps we're justified in going and quote, bringing our civilization to them, what later generations would call the civilizing missions, or possibly just, you know, going over and exploiting them because we are stronger and we are more, and again, we are the best. And then there's another thing that the Enlightenment did. The Enlightenment tended to destroy an older Christian view of humankind, which in some ways militated against modern racism. Christians believed, of course, that everyone was the same from Adam and Eve, which meant that there was an essential similarity in the world. And the Enlightenment challenged this by challenging the biblical kind of creation. The Enlightenment challenges this. Voltaire, for instance, believed that there had actually been several different human species that had different origins, and that can very easily become a justification for racism. Buffon, one of the most Figures of the French Enlightenment, one of the early naturalists, was crucial for trying to show that in fact nature is not static, that nature is always changing, that species are changing, including human beings. And so again, that allowed people to think in terms of human beings at different stages of evolution, and perhaps this would be a justification for privileging the more advanced humans over the less advanced. In the 18th century itself, most of these things remain potential, rather than really being acted upon. But in the 19th century, figures of writers who would draw upon these things certainly went much further, and these became justifications for slavery, imperialism, and other things. So again, the Enlightenment is the source of a great deal of stuff here, and you can't simply put it into one box or more.Andrew Keen: You mentioned earlier, David, that Concorda wrote one of the later classics of the... Condorcet? Sorry, Condorcets, excuse my French. Condorcès wrote one the later Classics of the Enlightenment when he was hiding from the French Revolution. In your mind, was the revolution itself the natural conclusion, climax? Perhaps anti-climax of the Enlightenment. Certainly, it seems as if a lot of the critiques of the French Revolution, particularly the more conservative ones, Burke comes to mind, suggested that perhaps the principles of in the Enlightment inevitably led to the guillotine, or is that an unfair way of thinking of it?David Bell: Well, there are a lot of people who have thought like that. Edmund Burke already, writing in 1790, in his reflections on the revolution in France, he said that everything which was great in the old regime is being dissolved and, quoting, dissolved by this new conquering empire of light and reason. And then he said about the French that in the groves of their academy at the end of every vista, you see nothing but the gallows. Nothing but the Gallows. So there, in 1780, he already seemed to be predicting the reign of terror and blaming it. A certain extent from the Enlightenment. That said, I think, you know, again, the French Revolution is incredibly complicated event. I mean, you certainly have, you know, an explosion of what we could call Enlightenment thinking all over the place. In France, it happened in France. What happened there was that you had a, you know, the collapse of an extraordinarily inefficient government and a very, you know, in a very antiquated, paralyzed system of government kind of collapsed, created a kind of political vacuum. Into that vacuum stepped a lot of figures who were definitely readers of the Enlightenment. Oh so um but again the Enlightment had I said I don't think you can call the Enlightement a single thing so to say that the Enlightiment inspired the French Revolution rather than the There you go.Andrew Keen: Although your essay on liberties is the Enlightenment then and now you probably didn't write is always these lazy editors who come up with inaccurate and inaccurate titles. So for you, there is no such thing as the Enlighten.David Bell: No, there is. There is. But still, it's a complex thing. It contains multitudes.Andrew Keen: So it's the Enlightenment rather than the United States.David Bell: Conflicting tendencies, it has contradictions within it. There's enough unity to refer to it as a singular noun, but it doesn't mean that it all went in one single direction.Andrew Keen: But in historical terms, did the failure of the French Revolution, its descent into Robespierre and then Bonaparte, did it mark the end in historical terms a kind of bookend of history? You began in 1720 by 1820. Was the age of the Enlightenment pretty much over?David Bell: I would say yes. I think that, again, one of the things about the French Revolution is that people who are reading these books and they're reading these ideas and they are discussing things really start to act on them in a very different way from what it did before the French revolution. You have a lot of absolute monarchs who are trying to bring certain enlightenment principles to bear in their form of government, but they're not. But it's difficult to talk about a full-fledged attempt to enact a kind of enlightenment program. Certainly a lot of the people in the French Revolution saw themselves as doing that. But as they did it, they ran into reality, I would say. I mean, now Tocqueville, when he writes his old regime in the revolution, talks about how the French philosophes were full of these abstract ideas that were divorced from reality. And while that's an exaggeration, there was a certain truth to them. And as soon as you start having the age of revolutions, as soon you start people having to devise systems of government that will actually last, and as you have people, democratic representative systems that will last, and as they start revising these systems under the pressure of actual events, then you're not simply talking about an intellectual movement anymore, you're talking about something very different. And so I would say that, well, obviously the ideas of the Enlightenment continue to inspire people, the books continue to be read, debated. They lead on to figures like Kant, and as we talked about earlier, Kant leads to Hegel, Hegel leads to Marx in a certain sense. Nonetheless, by the time you're getting into the 19th century, what you have, you know, has connections to the Enlightenment, but can we really still call it the Enlightment? I would sayAndrew Keen: And Tocqueville, of course, found democracy in America. Is democracy itself? I know it's a big question. But is it? Bound up in the Enlightenment. You've written extensively, David, both for liberties and elsewhere on liberalism. Is the promise of democracy, democratic systems, the one born in the American Revolution, promised in the French Revolution, not realized? Are they products of the Enlightment, or is the 19th century and the democratic systems that in the 19th century, is that just a separate historical track?David Bell: Again, I would say there are certain things in the Enlightenment that do lead in that direction. Certainly, I think most figures in the enlightenment in one general sense or another accepted the idea of a kind of general notion of popular sovereignty. It didn't mean that they always felt that this was going to be something that could necessarily be acted upon or implemented in their own day. And they didn't necessarily associate generalized popular sovereignty with what we would now call democracy with people being able to actually govern themselves. Would be certain figures, certainly Diderot and some of his essays, what we saw very much in the social contract, you know, were sketching out, you knows, models for possible democratic system. Condorcet, who actually lived into the French Revolution, wrote one of the most draft constitutions for France, that's one of most democratic documents ever proposed. But of course there were lots of figures in the Enlightenment, Voltaire, and others who actually believed much more in absolute monarchy, who believed that you just, you know, you should have. Freedom of speech and freedom of discussion, out of which the best ideas would emerge, but then you had to give those ideas to the prince who imposed them by poor sicknesses.Andrew Keen: And of course, Rousseau himself, his social contract, some historians have seen that as the foundations of totalitarian, modern totalitarianism. Finally, David, your wonderful essay in Liberties in the spring quarterly 2025 is The Enlightenment, Then and Now. What about now? You work at Princeton, your president has very bravely stood up to the new presidential regime in the United States, in defense of academic intellectual freedom. Does the word and the movement, does it have any relevance in the 2020s, particularly in an age of neo-authoritarianism around the world?David Bell: I think it does. I think we have to be careful about it. I always get a little nervous when people say, well, we should simply go back to the Enlightenment, because the Enlightenments is history. We don't go back the 18th century. I think what we need to do is to recover certain principles, certain ideals from the 18 century, the ones that matter to us, the ones we think are right, and make our own Enlightenment better. I don't think we need be governed by the 18 century. Thomas Paine once said that no generation should necessarily rule over every generation to come, and I think that's probably right. Unfortunately in the United States, we have a constitution which is now essentially unamendable, so we're doomed to live by a constitution largely from the 18th century. But are there many things in the Enlightenment that we should look back to, absolutely?Andrew Keen: Well, David, I am going to free you for your own French Enlightenment. You can go and have some croissant now in your local cafe in Paris. Thank you so much for a very, I excuse the pun, enlightening conversation on the Enlightenment then and now, Essential Essay in Liberties. I'd love to get you back on the show. Talk more history. Thank you. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe

Declan Rice turned into a set-piece master to score two fantastic free kicks as Arsenal dispatched Real Madrid 3-0 at the Emirates to take a huge step towards the Champions League semi-finals on Tuesday night. Mikel Merino also got on the scoresheet for the Gunners as Mikel Arteta looks to salvage something from a disappointing season. Elsewhere there was contrasting fortunes for Aston Villa, who succumbed to a powerful PSG side in the French capital. Morgan Rogers' goal gave the Villans hope, but sensational strikes from Desire Doue, Kvicha Kvaratshkelia and Nuno Mendes inspired the Parisians to the win. Niall and Marley discuss all that plus Liverpool preparing to hand two stars new deals and Nemanja Matic ruining Andre Onana in a war of words on today's Football Social Daily. Keep up to date with us on our socials here: Twitter: https://twitter.com/FSDPod TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@footballsocialdaily Telegram Group: https://t.me/FootballSocial Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

For our debut of Season 8 of Dressed, we bring you the first of our new ongoing series: Fashion Scandals. Today we whisk you into the scandal swirling around surrounding one of the most famous paintings in all of art history, John Singer Sargent's Madame X. We will meet the subject, the American-born Parisian It-Girl Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, and learn just how her appearance in Sargent's portrait shocked even the most jaded of Parisians when it was displayed at one of the world's most prestigious art exhibitions, the Salon de Paris, in 1884. Want more Dressed: The History of Fashion?  • Our website and classes • Our Instagram • Our bookshelf with over 150 of our favorite fashion history titles Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Liverpool beat PSG 1-0 in the Champions League last sixteen despite the Parisians' dominance. Also, there's a new global women's tournament on the horizon and the World Cup is planning to introduce a half time show!This is Early Kick Off from the Men in Blazers media network and presented by our great friends of the pod STōK Cold Brew Coffee, all your global football stories straight from the back pages of Europe's newspapers in around 10 minutes.This episode was made in the UK for Men In Blazers by…Host: Sammy JamesProducer: George CooperAssistant producer: Elizabeth BarnardResearcher: Jack CollinsSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

On 15 Oct 2024, a 27-year-old cyclist was killed in a bike lane in Paris. His name was Paul Varry. He was run over by a car after an argument with a driver. What happened to Paul was extreme, but it resonated with many Parisians. For Paris is undergoing a cycling revolution. The city has created a vast network of bike lanes, introduced new restrictions for cars. The number of cyclists has soared. But there have also been conflicts, as cars, bikes and pedestrians try to navigate the new balance of power. So is Paris's plan working? Is this transformation the future for other major cities? Anna Holligan goes to Paris for Assignment, to find out.

Thinking about traveling to France while pregnant? In Discovering Paris and Provins on a Babymoon Adventure, host Annie Sargent chats with Hannah Compton about her unforgettable trip at 30 weeks pregnant. From the bustling streets of Paris to the medieval charm of Provins, Hannah shares her insights, surprises, and tips for expectant travelers. Get the podcast ad-free Hannah and her husband spent eight days in France, splitting their time between Paris and Provins. In Paris, they explored iconic sights like Sainte-Chapelle, the Arc de Triomphe, and the Petit Palais. Hannah describes how friendly and accommodating Parisians were, from offering seats on the metro to helping her skip long lines at attractions. She also shares the joy of café culture, strolling through beautiful gardens, and enjoying a Michelin-star meal at Yam'Tcha. In Provins, they immersed themselves in medieval history, attended a lively dinner show, and discovered charming streets. Hannah explains why Provins is a great weekend destination, especially for families. She also reflects on the ease of train travel and the relaxing pace of their visit. If you're curious about how France accommodates pregnant travelers or want inspiration for your next trip, this episode is packed with useful advice. Tune in for a fun and informative conversation! Table of Contents for this Episode Today on the podcast Podcast supporters The Magazine segment Introduction and Greetings Planning the Trip to France Traveling While Pregnant Exploring Provins Medieval Attractions in Provins Experiencing Paris Navigating Paris with Ease Museum Visits and Cultural Insights  Saint Chapelle Lunch at Lulu's Cafe Dinner at Yamcha: A Culinary Delight Exploring the Champs Élysées and Arc de Triomphe Petit Palais: A Hidden Gem Saint-Sulpice: The Active Church Eiffel Tower at Night Traveling While Pregnant: Tips and Experiences Favorite Stay in Provins Final Thoughts and Recommendations Thank you Patrons Picard ChatGPT Next week on the podcast Copyright More episodes about day trips from Paris

On Mon.'s No Dunks, the guys share their NBA weekend winners and losers. Winners include: the Magic getting their dynamic duo back, Harden's Clippers, the Rockets beating the East-leading Cavs again, Ant's three-point proficiency, Vince Carter's No. 15 jersey, and more. Losers include: the back-to-mid Hawks, the Mavericks' injury bug, and Parisians not picking up dog poo. -- New No Dunks podcast live from The Classic Factory at 10 a.m. ET!

On Mon.'s No Dunks, the guys share their NBA weekend winners and losers. Winners include: the Magic getting their dynamic duo back, Harden's Clippers, the Rockets beating the East-leading Cavs again, Ant's three-point proficiency, Vince Carter's No. 15 jersey, and more. Losers include: the back-to-mid Hawks, the Mavericks' injury bug, and Parisians not picking up dog poo.--New No Dunks podcast live from The Classic Factory at 10 a.m. ET!

A fragile truce between Israel and Hezbollah is holding, but both sides are on alert. In the US, Donald Trump's incoming cabinet have received bomb threats. Also: will Parisians embrace Les Misérables in French?