Podcasts about fhv

(03:00): Radikale vil have en EU-hær - S ser det ikke som vejen frem. Medvirkende: Niels Fuglsang, medlem af Europa-Parlamentet for Socialdemokratiet. (15:00): Fhv. amerikansk diplomat til danskerne: "I har vist glemt vigtigheden i det gode forhold til USA". Medvirkende: Stephen Helgesen, tidligere amerikansk diplomat og forfatter. (31:00): Danmarks nye jordbaserede luftforsvar kan sagtens blive amerikansk ifølge forsvarsministeren. Medvirkende: Per Clausen, medlem af Europaparlamentet for Enhedslisten. (40:00): Handicap-undervisning skal på skoleskemaet. Medvirkende: Monica Lylloff, forfatter, jurist, debattør. Værter: Kasper Harboe og Mathias Wissing See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp er udkommet med 13 anbefalinger til at bekæmpe æresrelateret social kontrol. P1 Debat dykker ned i nogle af dem og spørger: Skal der indføres et forbud mod bederum på uddannelsesinstitutioner? Skal uddannelsesinstitutioner sikre, at alle har mulighed for at anvende rummene på lige vilkår? Og skal det være en rettighed at fravælge sin kommunale sagsbehandler, hvis man ikke er tryg ved vedkommende? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Panel: Sherin Khankan; imam og direktør for Exitcirklen. Sofie Danneskiold-Samsøe, med i Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp og forsker i æresrelateret vold og social kontrol. Jens Boe Nielsen, Fhv. rektor, Nørre Gymnasium, fhv. formand, Danske Gymnasier. Lone Skov Valentin Al Awssi, journalist og katolik. Lise Egholm, tidl. skoleleder og forfatter og medlem af Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp. Rasmus Balslev, næstformand for dansk socialrådgiverforening Region Øst. Kasper Ejlertsen, næstformand for HK Kommunal. Vært: Mathias Pedersen. Tilrettelægger og producer: Camilla Michelle Mikkelsen.

Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp er udkommet med 13 anbefalinger til at bekæmpe æresrelateret social kontrol. P1 Debat dykker ned i nogle af dem og spørger: Skal der indføres et forbud mod bederum på uddannelsesinstitutioner? Skal uddannelsesinstitutioner sikre, at alle har mulighed for at anvende rummene på lige vilkår? Og skal det være en rettighed at fravælge sin kommunale sagsbehandler, hvis man ikke er tryg ved vedkommende? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Panel: Sherin Khankan; imam og direktør for Exitcirklen. Sofie Danneskiold-Samsøe, med i Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp og forsker i æresrelateret vold og social kontrol. Jens Boe Nielsen, Fhv. rektor, Nørre Gymnasium, fhv. formand, Danske Gymnasier. Lone Skov Valentin Al Awssi, journalist og katolik. Lise Egholm, tidl. skoleleder og forfatter og medlem af Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp. Rasmus Balslev, næstformand for dansk socialrådgiverforening Region Øst. Kasper Ejlertsen, næstformand for HK Kommunal. Vært: Mathias Pedersen. Tilrettelægger og producer: Camilla Michelle Mikkelsen.

Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp er udkommet med 13 anbefalinger til at bekæmpe æresrelateret social kontrol. P1 Debat dykker ned i nogle af dem og spørger: Skal der indføres et forbud mod bederum på uddannelsesinstitutioner? Skal uddannelsesinstitutioner sikre, at alle har mulighed for at anvende rummene på lige vilkår? Og skal det være en rettighed at fravælge sin kommunale sagsbehandler, hvis man ikke er tryg ved vedkommende? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Panel: Sherin Khankan; imam og direktør for Exitcirklen. Sofie Danneskiold-Samsøe, med i Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp og forsker i æresrelateret vold og social kontrol. Jens Boe Nielsen, Fhv. rektor, Nørre Gymnasium, fhv. formand, Danske Gymnasier. Lone Skov Valentin Al Awssi, journalist og katolik. Lise Egholm, tidl. skoleleder og forfatter og medlem af Kommissionen for den glemte kvindekamp. Rasmus Balslev, næstformand for dansk socialrådgiverforening Region Øst. Kasper Ejlertsen, næstformand for HK Kommunal. Vært: Mathias Pedersen. Tilrettelægger og producer: Camilla Michelle Mikkelsen.

(02:00): Fhv. Udenrigskorrespondent: Trump er ligeglad med Grønlands suverænitet. Medvirkende: Per Nyholm, forfatter, tidligere udenrigskorrespondent for JP og fast søndagsskribent på avisen. (17:00): Elon Musk giver støtteerklæring til AFD i nyt debatindlæg. Medvirkende: Uffe Dreesen, korrespondent for TV2. (29:00): Gastrotools og Adam Price i video om stenbiderrogn til nytår: De burde oplyse om stenbiderens tilstand, siger ekspert. Medvirkende: John Clausen, næstformand i Danmarks Naturfredningsforening Lemvig og i formandskabet ved Limfjordsgruppen. (40:00): Den russiske udenrigsminister truer Danmark. Medvirkende: Hans Peter Michaelsen, selvstændig forsvarsanalytiker og tidligere militæranalytiker ved Center for Militære Studier på KU. (49:00): Danske Beredskaber har set sig nødsaget til at komme med en opfordring kort før nytårsfejringer. Medvirkende: Bjarne Nigaard, sekretariatschef i Danske Beredskaber. Værter: Anne Philipsen & Nicolai Dandanell.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

At være læge handler ikke kun om at redde liv, men også om at leve det. Vores tre gæster har i 12 år stået bag kurset "Læger, lyst og lykke", hvor praktiserende læger får værktøjer til at styrke både sig selv, deres praksis og deres patienter.I denne samtale inddrager vi emner som positiv psykologi, kristendom, mindfulness og ikke mindst det levede lægeliv. Der vil være provokationer samt konkrete råd til, hvordan man skaber et mere lystfyldt arbejdsliv.Gæsterne er: Jesper Bay-Hansen. Fhv praktiserende læge, specialist i klinisk sexologi og har en amerikansk efteruddannelse i positiv psykologi. Poul Joachim Stender Sognepræst i Kirke Saaby og Kisserup Sogn på Midtsjælland.  Pia Müller: Praktiserende læge gennem 27 år i Greve. Psykoterapeut med egen klinik.Kurserne som omtales er:https://www.tilmeld.dk/9012225  https://www.tilmeld.dk/9012325

"Det vil betyde, at NATO-landene, USA og de europæiske lande er i krig mod Rusland". Sådan lyder svaret fra Ruslands præsident, Vladimir Putin, hvis USA og Storbritannien giver Ukraine tilladelse til at bruge langtrækkende vestlige missiler inde i Rusland. Skal vi tage Putins ord alvorligt? Er NATO på vej i krig mod Rusland? Og hvornår er det tid til at tale om fredsforhandlinger mellem Ukraine og Rusland? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Medvirkende: Michael Aastrup, udenrigsordfører for Venstre og formand for udenrigspolitisk nævn, Marcus Knuth, , folketingskandidat for Konservative, Steen Folke, NEJ til oprustning - Ja til bæredygtig sikkerhedspolitik, Eva Flyvholm, Fhv. medlem af Folketinget for Enhedslisten og Andrey Kazankov, journalist og Ukraine-og Ruslands-korrespondent for Weekendavisen. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

"Det vil betyde, at NATO-landene, USA og de europæiske lande er i krig mod Rusland". Sådan lyder svaret fra Ruslands præsident, Vladimir Putin, hvis USA og Storbritannien giver Ukraine tilladelse til at bruge langtrækkende vestlige missiler inde i Rusland. Skal vi tage Putins ord alvorligt? Er NATO på vej i krig mod Rusland? Og hvornår er det tid til at tale om fredsforhandlinger mellem Ukraine og Rusland? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Medvirkende: Michael Aastrup, udenrigsordfører for Venstre og formand for udenrigspolitisk nævn, Marcus Knuth, , folketingskandidat for Konservative, Steen Folke, NEJ til oprustning - Ja til bæredygtig sikkerhedspolitik, Eva Flyvholm, Fhv. medlem af Folketinget for Enhedslisten og Andrey Kazankov, journalist og Ukraine-og Ruslands-korrespondent for Weekendavisen. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

"Det vil betyde, at NATO-landene, USA og de europæiske lande er i krig mod Rusland". Sådan lyder svaret fra Ruslands præsident, Vladimir Putin, hvis USA og Storbritannien giver Ukraine tilladelse til at bruge langtrækkende vestlige missiler inde i Rusland. Skal vi tage Putins ord alvorligt? Er NATO på vej i krig mod Rusland? Og hvornår er det tid til at tale om fredsforhandlinger mellem Ukraine og Rusland? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Medvirkende: Michael Aastrup, udenrigsordfører for Venstre og formand for udenrigspolitisk nævn, Marcus Knuth, , folketingskandidat for Konservative, Steen Folke, NEJ til oprustning - Ja til bæredygtig sikkerhedspolitik, Eva Flyvholm, Fhv. medlem af Folketinget for Enhedslisten og Andrey Kazankov, journalist og Ukraine-og Ruslands-korrespondent for Weekendavisen. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Digitaliserings- og ligestillingsminister, Marie Bjerre, har bragt en efterlysning i et interview med Politiken. Ministeren efterlyser forældrene og det personlige ansvar i debatten om børns skræmbrug. Vi diskuterer, hvor stort er forældrenes ansvar, når det kommer til børns skærmtid og brug af sociale medier? Hvor meget er det politikernes ansvar? Har forældrene overhovedet en chance mod tech-giganternes magt? Har politikerne? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Medvirkende: Imran Rashid, Speciallæge i almen medicin, forfatter til bogen til SLUK, Mathias Nimgaard, Center for Digital pædagogik, Rasmus Lund-Nielsen, Moderaterne, børne og trivselsordfører, Camilla Mehlsen, Digital medieforsker, forfatter til bogen "Opmærksomhedstyveriet", Jon Steffensen, løsgænger og Simon Fendinge, Fhv. landsformand, Liberal Alliances Ungdom. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Digitaliserings- og ligestillingsminister, Marie Bjerre, har bragt en efterlysning i et interview med Politiken. Ministeren efterlyser forældrene og det personlige ansvar i debatten om børns skræmbrug. Vi diskuterer, hvor stort er forældrenes ansvar, når det kommer til børns skærmtid og brug af sociale medier? Hvor meget er det politikernes ansvar? Har forældrene overhovedet en chance mod tech-giganternes magt? Har politikerne? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Medvirkende: Imran Rashid, Speciallæge i almen medicin, forfatter til bogen til SLUK, Mathias Nimgaard, Center for Digital pædagogik, Rasmus Lund-Nielsen, Moderaterne, børne og trivselsordfører, Camilla Mehlsen, Digital medieforsker, forfatter til bogen "Opmærksomhedstyveriet", Jon Steffensen, løsgænger og Simon Fendinge, Fhv. landsformand, Liberal Alliances Ungdom. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Digitaliserings- og ligestillingsminister, Marie Bjerre, har bragt en efterlysning i et interview med Politiken. Ministeren efterlyser forældrene og det personlige ansvar i debatten om børns skræmbrug. Vi diskuterer, hvor stort er forældrenes ansvar, når det kommer til børns skærmtid og brug af sociale medier? Hvor meget er det politikernes ansvar? Har forældrene overhovedet en chance mod tech-giganternes magt? Har politikerne? Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind fra 12:15-13:30 på 7021 1919 eller send en sms til 1212. Medvirkende: Imran Rashid, Speciallæge i almen medicin, forfatter til bogen til SLUK, Mathias Nimgaard, Center for Digital pædagogik, Rasmus Lund-Nielsen, Moderaterne, børne og trivselsordfører, Camilla Mehlsen, Digital medieforsker, forfatter til bogen "Opmærksomhedstyveriet", Jon Steffensen, løsgænger og Simon Fendinge, Fhv. landsformand, Liberal Alliances Ungdom. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Hunter Biden er Joe Bidens svage punkt. I dag begynder hans retssag. Fhv. PET-Chef: Den Sorte Svanes motiv er uklart. Danske Handicaporganisationer: Flere personer med handicap skal have mulighed for at køre i elbiler. EU's magt vokser mens opbakningen falmer. Værter: Eva Dalgaard & Mathias WissingSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Nu kan du høre eller genhøre Morgenkrydderen fra søndag den 6. januar 2024. Der er indslag fra Nytårsløbet Tour de Freesborg, Fhv. Kammertjener Andersen fortæller om Tronskiftet i 1972 og Carina Bølling fortæller om bogen Lucky. - Året sluttede ved det traditionsrige Nytårsløb i Fredensborg Slotspark, Tour de Fredensborg. Løbet blev afviklet for 4. år i trræk i et samarbejde mellem Fredensborg Atletik Klub og Fredensborg Kommune. Ved dette arrangemenet var der i omegnen af 1000-1100 deltagere. Vi sendte vore reporter Søren Hybschman op til Fredensborg Slot, for en snak med formand for atletikklubben Helge Frøsig. - John har haft en snak med Carina Bølling om hendes bog 'Lucky 7'. Bogen er fiktion men handler om 7 gamle mænd i en landsby i Andalusien. Udgangspunktet er et fotografi af syv gamle mænd på en bænk. Carina fortæller blandt andet om sin opvækst i Hillerød og Fredensborg, uddannelse og jobs bor på Solkysten nær Malaga i Spanien mormoren købte en Finca som er en lille gård bogen 'Lucky 7' med inspiration fra et fotografi diverse nedslag i et par af fortællingerne det ugentlige marked ordsprog og vendinger - dansk og spansk bogen er udkommet på dansk og engelsk om at købe bogen - telefon 50457421 - Så har vi været en tur i arkiverne for et genhør med Fhv. Kammertjener Anker Andersen der fortæller om Tronskiftet i 1972. Indslaget er et uddrag fra et foredrag der blev holdt i Fredensborg og her fortalte Anker Andersen om hvordan Tronskiftet foregik i 1972, hvor han var Kammertjener for daværende Kong Frederik. - Der er også Cybervejret med Leif Jensen og Lokalnyhederne fra humleborg.dk

Under Folketingets åbningsdebat fyrede Inger Støjberg en joke af, der hentydede til hendes egen dom ved Rigsretten. Det fik Folketingssalen til at bryde ud i latter. Men det er egentlig upassende, at den lovgiende forsamling griner af at bryde loven? Det mener chefredaktøren på Politiken. Vi tager debatten. Vi taler også om mænds overgangsalder - for noget tyder på, at vi måske taler for lidt om den? Og så diskuterer vi også, om landets Eskimoveje bør hedde noget mindre nedsættende? Medvirkende: Christian Jensen (Ansvarshavende chefredaktør på Politiken) Kristian Bøgsted (Folketingsmedlem for Danmarksdemokraterne) Manu Sareen, (Fhv. folketingsmedlem og forfatter) Christian Buhl (Beboer på Eskimovej i Vejle) Line Sandst (Lektor i dansk sprog ved Aalborg Universitet)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join Frank and special guest Jaya, who kindly steps up so that we can take a look at the new investigators of The Feast of Hemlock Vale Investigator Expansion (for players). We're doing a pre-first look, an initial impressions episode, sharing our enthusiasm and our wonderings about who's coming up. Spoilers, understandably, for FHV.  NB: there's an audio quirk on this episode - Jaya's mic is a little scratchy, but he's still completely audible.  Find out more about Jaya's projects here: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/magnategame/21x-blackjack-for-maths-lovers-uk | https://naylorgames.com/ | https://naylorgames.com/pages/ng6 Amazing logo courtesy of this guy Join Drawn to the Flame on Patreon: www.patreon.com/drawntotheflame Buy Drawn to the Flame shirts, jumpers and mugs: www.designbyhumans.com/shop/drawntotheflame Email us on drawntotheflamepodcast@gmail.com | Twitter is here and Facebook is here. Thank you for listening and subscribing.

Dean Bunnell, PhD candidate from the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alabama, describes a research paper he co-authored that was published by Aging (Aging-US) in Volume 15, Issue 6, entitled, “RNA virus-mediated changes in organismal oxygen consumption rate in young and old Drosophila melanogaster males.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204593 Corresponding author - Stanislava Chtarbanova - schtarbanova@ua.edu Abstract Aging is accompanied by increased susceptibility to infections including with viral pathogens resulting in higher morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Significant changes in host metabolism can take place following virus infection. Efficient immune responses are energetically costly, and viruses divert host molecular resources to promote their own replication. Virus-induced metabolic reprogramming could impact infection outcomes, however, how this is affected by aging and impacts organismal survival remains poorly understood. RNA virus infection of Drosophila melanogaster with Flock House virus (FHV) is an effective model to study antiviral responses with age, where older flies die faster than younger flies due to impaired disease tolerance. Using this aged host-virus model, we conducted longitudinal, single-fly respirometry studies to determine if metabolism impacts infection outcomes. Analysis using linear mixed models on Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) following the first 72-hours post-infection showed that FHV modulates respiration, but age has no significant effect on OCR. However, the longitudinal assessment revealed that OCR in young flies progressively and significantly decreases, while OCR in aged flies remains constant throughout the three days of the experiment. Furthermore, we found that the OCR signature at 24-hours varied in response to both experimental treatment and survival status. FHV-injected flies that died prior to 48- or 72-hours measurements had a lower OCR compared to survivors at 48-hours. Our findings suggest the host's metabolic profile could influence the outcome of viral infections. Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.204593 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, Drosophila melanogaster, virus infection, single-fly respirometry, metabolism About Aging-US Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Media Contact 18009220957 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Morten Løkkegaard (V), medlem af Europa-Parlamentet, og Casper Klynge, vicedirektør i Dansk Erhverv og fhv. tech-ambassadør i Silicon Valley, mødtes til Dansk IT's OffDig 2023-konference til en spændende debat om udviklingen på det digitale marked og behovet for regulering på området, f.eks. i form af GDPR, NIS2 og EU's kommende AI Act. I debatten kom vi bl.a. ind på: - Hvilken form for regulering af markedet er der behov for i dag og i fremtiden, og hvordan finder man den rette balance mellem regulering og de frie markedskræfter? - Hvilken position kan og bør EU indtage i den globale tech-industri, og hvordan kan reguleringen understøtte denne position? - Hvordan undgår vi, at reguleringen går over gevind og medfører alt for mange omkostninger for de danske virksomheder og myndigheder, der skal leve op til lovgivningen? Hør eller genhør debatten fra OffDig 2023 i denne podcast. Medvirkende: Morten Løkkegaard, medlem af Europa-Parlamentet for Venstre, næstformand i Europa-Parlamentets liberale gruppe, Renew Europe og chefforhandler på NIS2-direktivet. Fhv. journalist og tv-vært. Casper Klynge, vicedirektør i Dansk Erhverv med ansvar for det digitale område. Fhv. vice president i Microsoft, tech-ambassadør i Silicon Valley og dansk ambassadør i Indonesien og Cypern. Moderator: Kim Stensdal, chef for kommunikation og viden i Dansk IT Læs mere på www.offdig.dk

Am Mittwoch in "Vorarlberg LIVE": Der Hochschullehrer Dr. Florian Buehler von der FH Vorarlberg und Vorstand der HYPO Vorarlberg Wilfried Amann.

Findes der et fællesprojekt i den borgerlige opposition? Er der for meget markedsanalyse og for lidt familie og fællesskaber? Kan Venstre komme tilbage til blå blok? Og kan den borgerlige opposition stille med en statsministerkandidat, der kan udfordre Mette Frederiksen? Medvirkende: Mia Amalie Holstein, Medlem af Etisk Råd og borgerlig kommentator, Alex Vanopslagh, Formand for LA, Lars Boje Mathiesen, Formand for Nye Borgerlige, Bertel Haarder; Fhv. folketingsmedlem, Venstre, Kenneth Kristensen Berth, DF, Maria Gosvig Ladegaard; landsformand, VU, Mikkel Anderson; chefredaktør, Kontrast. Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind på 7021 1919. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Findes der et fællesprojekt i den borgerlige opposition? Er der for meget markedsanalyse og for lidt familie og fællesskaber? Kan Venstre komme tilbage til blå blok? Og kan den borgerlige opposition stille med en statsministerkandidat, der kan udfordre Mette Frederiksen? Medvirkende: Mia Amalie Holstein, Medlem af Etisk Råd og borgerlig kommentator, Alex Vanopslagh, Formand for LA, Lars Boje Mathiesen, Formand for Nye Borgerlige, Bertel Haarder; Fhv. folketingsmedlem, Venstre, Kenneth Kristensen Berth, DF, Maria Gosvig Ladegaard; landsformand, VU, Mikkel Anderson; chefredaktør, Kontrast. Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind på 7021 1919. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Findes der et fællesprojekt i den borgerlige opposition? Er der for meget markedsanalyse og for lidt familie og fællesskaber? Kan Venstre komme tilbage til blå blok? Og kan den borgerlige opposition stille med en statsministerkandidat, der kan udfordre Mette Frederiksen? Medvirkende: Mia Amalie Holstein, Medlem af Etisk Råd og borgerlig kommentator, Alex Vanopslagh, Formand for LA, Lars Boje Mathiesen, Formand for Nye Borgerlige, Bertel Haarder; Fhv. folketingsmedlem, Venstre, Kenneth Kristensen Berth, DF, Maria Gosvig Ladegaard; landsformand, VU, Mikkel Anderson; chefredaktør, Kontrast. Du kan blande dig i debatten ved at ringe ind på 7021 1919. Vært: Mathias Pedersen.

Rasmus Paludan har klaget over Københavns politi til Folketingets ombudsmand.  Det har han, fordi han siden den 21. januar i år har anmeldt ikke mindre end 157 dødstrusler, uden at Københavns Politi har bekræftet at have modtaget en eneste af dem. Ifølge Paludan indeholder flere af dødstruslerne også trusler om terror.  Din vært i dag er Maya Tekeli. Tidskoder: [00:00] : Rasmus Paludan, Partileder for Stram Kurs // Om Københavns Politi ignorerer anmeldelser om dødstrusler og terror mod Danmark. [11:00] Mathias Blædel, Journalist Frihedsbrevet // Om borgmesteren på Læsø misbruger sit embede til at tjene millioner ved at handle med kommunen. [22:00] Friis Arne Petersen, Fhv. direktør, Udenrigsministeriet // Om hvad situationen i Tyrkiet betyder for Erdogan.  [27:00] Niels Rolskov, Byrådsmedlem Køge Kommune for Enhedslisten // Om hvor langt Enhedslisten vil gå for at smide hjemløse ud af Corona Camping.  [38:00] Jens Oddershede, Chef for internationalt Beredskab i Beredskabsstyrelsen // Om vi lader Tyrkiet i stikken. [50:00] Alexander Sjöberg, Asienkorrespondent for Berlingske // Om Kinas reaktion på USA's nedskydning af en kinesisk ballon.Support the show: https://www.frihedsbrevet.dkSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

I dette program fortæller general Michael Lollesgaard om at lede en hær. Han blev udpeget til at stå i spidsen for FNs mission i det krigshærgede Mali i 2015, der var en af de blodigste i FNs historie. Opgaven var at løfte en hær på randen af opløsning, stoppe de mange terrordrab på soldaterne og forsøge at få parterne til at overholde fredsaftalen. Michael fortæller om lede fra fronten, om at rejse hjem med døde soldaters kister og at finde mening i arbejdet, når fredsmissioner ikke skaber fred. Vært: Martin Tamm Andersen. Gæst: Michael Lollesgaard, Fhv. generalløjtnant og chef for hærkommandoen. Tilrettelægger og klip: Rune Sparre Geertsen. I redaktionen: Mikkel Rønnau. Musik: Mikkel Rønnau. Redaktør: Rune Sparre Geertsen. Produceret for DR af MonoMono.

On Episode 22 of the Stroke Alert Podcast, host Dr. Negar Asdaghi highlights two articles from the November 2022 issue of Stroke: “Estimating Perfusion Deficits in Acute Stroke Patients Without Perfusion Imaging” and “Five-Year Results of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With or Without Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.” She also interviews Dr. George Ntaios about his article “Incidence of Stroke in Randomized Trials of COVID-19 Therapeutics.” Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Let's start with some questions. 1) What is the actual incidence of stroke after COVID-19? 2) In the setting of acute ischemic stroke, can the volume of ischemic penumbra be estimated with just a regular MRI study of the brain without any vascular or perfusion imaging? 3) And finally, can a patient with significant carotid stenosis go through coronary artery bypass graft surgery? We're back here to answer these questions and bring us up to date with the latest in the world of cerebrovascular disorders. You're listening to the Stroke Alert Podcast, and this is the best in Stroke. Stay with us. Welcome back to another issue of the Stroke Alert Podcast. My name is Negar Asdaghi. I'm an Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and your host for the monthly Stroke Alert Podcast. The November issue of Stroke is packed with a range of really exciting and exceedingly timely articles. As part of our Original Contributions in this issue of the journal, we have a post hoc analysis of the Treat Stroke to Target, or the TST, randomized trial by Dr. Pierre Amarenco and colleagues. We've talked about this trial in our past podcast, and the main study results that were published in New England Journal of Medicine in January of 2020. TST randomized patients with a recent stroke or TIA to either a low target of LDL cholesterol of less than 70 milligram per deciliter or a target LDL of 90 to 110. The main study showed that the low LDL target group had a significantly lower risk of subsequent cardiovascular events without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. So, from this, we know that achieving a low target LDL is possible and is actually better than the LDL target of 90 to 110 post-stroke. But in the new paper, in this issue of the journal, in a post hoc analysis of the trial, the TST investigators showed that it's not just achieving that magic low target LDL of less than 70 that's important in a reduction of cerebrovascular disorders, but it's also how we achieve it that determines the future of vascular outcomes. So, in this analysis that compared patients on monostatin therapy to those treated with dual cholesterol-lowering agents, that would be a combination of statin and ezetimibe, and showed that in the low LDL target group, only those patients treated with dual therapy had a significant reduction of subsequent vascular events as compared to those in the higher LDL category. But the same was not true for patients on statin monotherapy, even though they had all achieved a low target LDL. Think about this for a moment. Both groups, whether on statin monotherapy or on dual anti-cholesterol treatments, achieved the same low target of LDL, but only those on dual therapy had a lower risk of subsequent vascular events as compared to those that were in the higher LDL target group. Very thought-provoking study. In a separate paper by Dr. Shin and colleagues out of Korea, we learned that survivors of tuberculosis, or TB, are at a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke than their age- and risk factors–matched non-TB counterparts. The authors used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Services and studied over 200,000 cases diagnosed with TB between 2010 and 2017 and compared them to a pool of over one million non-TB cases for matching. And they found that the risk of ischemic stroke was 1.2 times greater among TB survivors compared to matched non-TB cases after adjusting for the usual confounders, health behavioral factors, and other comorbidities. Now, why would TB increase the risk of stroke? The authors talk about the pro-inflammatory state of this condition, thrombocytosis, that is a known complication of chronic TB amongst other putative and less clear mechanisms. But what is clear is that findings from a large-scale population-based cohort such as the current study support an independent association between TB and ischemic stroke. As always, I encourage you to review these papers in addition to listening to our podcast today. My guest on the podcast today, Dr. George Ntaios, joins me all the way from Greece to talk to us about the much discussed topic of the risk of stroke in the setting of COVID-19. Dr. Ntaios is the President of the Hellenic Stroke Organization and an experienced internist who has been fighting this pandemic in the front lines since the beginning. In an interview, he talks about his recently published paper, his experience, and the lessons learned on balancing scientific rigor against the urgency of COVID-19. But first, with these two articles. In the setting of a target vessel occlusion in patients presenting with an acute ischemic stroke, distinguishing the ischemic core from the ischemic penumbra is of outmost importance. The success of all of our reperfusion therapies heavily lies on our ability to differentiate between the tissue that is already dead, which would be the ischemic core, from the tissue that is not dead yet but is going to die unless revascularization is achieved. That is the ischemic penumbra. Over the past two to three decades, there's been lots of debate over how these entities of dead tissue versus going-to-die tissue are best defined, especially when we're making these distinctions under the pressure of time. We don't even agree on the best imaging modality to define them. Should we rely on CT-based imaging? Do we stop at CT, CT angiogram? Should we do single-phase CTA or multiphase CTA? When do we perform CT perfusion, and what perfusion parameters best define core and penumbra, or should we rely on MRI-based modalities altogether? These questions have all been asked and extensively studied, which is why, as a field, I think, we have at least some agreements today on the basics of core and penumbra definitions. And I also think that overall we are becoming better at doing less imaging to be able to predict tissue outcomes in real time. And there's definitely a growing interest in trying to estimate tissue fate based on a single-imaging modality. So, I think you're going to find an Original Contribution in this issue of the journal, titled "Estimating Perfusion Deficits in Acute Stroke Patients Without Perfusion Imaging," really interesting. In this paper, Dr. Richard Leigh from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, in Bethesda and colleagues evaluated patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled between 2013 to 2014 in the NINDS Natural History of Stroke study. A little bit about the study: It enrolled stroke patients presenting to three hospitals in Washington, DC, and Maryland with serial MRI scans during the acute and subacute time period after ischemic stroke. For this particular paper, they included patients who received MRI and perfusion-weighted imaging and included only those who were thrombolized. That was their way of ensuring that all patients in their study were in the hyperacute stage of stroke. They then looked at their MR imaging, specifically the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, or FLAIR, images, for a presence of something called hyperintense vessels in the ischemic territory. Now, this is an audio-only podcast, so unless you're Googling FLAIR hyperintense vessels on MRI, to follow along, I have to take a bit of time explaining this entity. What do we mean by FLAIR hyperintense vessels? We are not just talking about the T2 hyperintense signal that's sometimes noticeable at the site of proximal occlusion. For example, in the setting of an M1 occlusion, we may be able to detect a T2 hyperintense signal at the site of M1 on FLAIR. That's not the point of this paper. The point is to look throughout the area supplied by that said target occlusion, in this case all of the MCA, and see whether there is hyperintense signal in all arteries in that potentially ischemic tissue and how the area delineated by these FLAIR hyperintense vessels could potentially correspond to the area of perfusion deficit on conventional perfusion imaging. It turns out that these hyperintense vessels actually map a pretty large area. So, this is the point of this study. The investigators developed a FLAIR hyperintense vessel scoring system and called it NIH, obviously, because this was a National Institutes of Health study, FHV, which stands for FLAIR hyperintense vessel, scoring system. And the score is based on presence of these hyperintense vessels in three vascular territories: ACA, MCA, or PCA. Now, seeing that MCA is a larger territory, they had to further divide it into four sub-regions: frontal, insular, temporal, and parietal. So, in total, we have six regions now. Each of them would get a score of zero if there were no hyperintense vessels in them, and a score of two if there were three or more FLAIR hyperintense vessels in a single slice, or if there were three or more slices that contained FLAIR hyperintense vessels. And, of course, a score of one would be anything in between. So, we have six regions in total, each maximum getting two points, to give us a composite score of maximum 12 for this scoring system. So, they wanted to see whether there's a correlation between the FLAIR hyperintense vessel score and the volume of perfusion deficits that is detected by conventional perfusion imaging, which is their main study result. But before we go there, it does seem like a lot of work to learn all these regions and count all these hyperintense vessels in these six regions and come up with an actual score. So, they had to do an interrater reliability to see how easy it is to score and how reliable are these scores. So, they had two independent reviewers for their study. On average, the scores of these two independent reviewers differed by one point for a κ of 0.31, which is quite a low interrater reliability. But when they looked at a more liberal way of assessing interrater reliability, where partial credit was given, when the raters were at least close in their scoring, the κ improved to 0.65 for a moderate degree of agreement. So, what that means is that it's not easy to learn the score, and potentially I can give a score and another colleague can give a different score. So, we have to keep that in mind. But I want to emphasize that in the field of stroke neurology, we are kind of used to these poor interrater reliability agreements in general. For example, the interrater reliability of the ASPECTS score, a score that is commonly used in our day-to-day practice, and especially in the acute phase, we communicate the extent of early ischemic changes by using the ASPECTS score, has a pretty poor interrater reliability, especially in the first few hours after the ischemic stroke. So, we can make due with a κ of 0.65. Now on to the results of this study. They had a total of 101 patients. Their median age was 73. The median FHV, which is that FLAIR hyperintense vessel score, in their entire cohort was four. And close to 80% of patients enrolled in their study had some perfusion abnormalities on their concurrent perfusion-weighted imaging. Now, briefly, they defined perfusion deficits as areas with delay in the relative time to peak map, or TTP maps, after applying a six-second threshold to these TTP maps. Of note, half of those patients with a perfusion deficit had a significant perfusion deficit, which meant that they had 15 cc or more of perfusion deficit. OK, now on to the main study results. Number one, the score obtained by NIH FLAIR hyperintense score highly correlated with the volume of perfusion deficit. In fact, every one point increase on the NIH-FHV score was approximately equal to 12 cc of perfusion deficit. That's a really useful way of thinking about this score. Each score translated in 12 cc of perfusion deficit. Number two, when they looked at the predictive ability of this score in predicting the presence of significant perfusion deficit, that is 15 cc or more of perfusion delay, the area under the curve was 0.9, which is quite high. This is quite reassuring that the FHV score was sensitive and specific in predicting the presence of significant perfusion deficit. Next finding, how does this score do in predicting a significant mismatch? They calculated mismatch ratio by dividing the perfusion volume to that of ischemic core as measured by diffusion volume as it's done conventionally, and then did the same for the score with the exception that instead of using the perfusion volume, they actually used this score and divided it by diffusion volume. And it turns out that FLAIR hyperintense mismatch ratio had a strong predictive capability in predicting the mismatch ratio of 1.8. So, in summary, if this score is validated in larger studies, it can potentially be used as a quick and dirty way of calculating the amount of perfusion deficit in the setting of target vessel occlusion. And, of course, it can also be used as a predictive way of presence of significant perfusion deficit, which is perfusion deficit of over 15 cc. This is all without the need to do actual perfusion imaging. Now, all we've got to do is to get comfortable with this scoring system and, of course, be able to multiply it by 12 to give us a quick guesstimate of the perfusion volume. And one final word on this is that I think the future of stroke imaging is not in doing more images, but to be able to extract more information from less imaging in the acute setting. Stroke physicians were frequently consulted to see patients that are scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or CABG. The stroke consult would be for the optimal perioperative management of an often incidentally found carotid disease. Now, why do I say we were frequently consulted? Because at least anecdotally in my own practice, I feel that over the past decade, the number of these consults has substantially reduced. Why is that? Well, let's dive into this topic and review some of the literature. First off, around 40% of patients who have active coronary artery disease and are scheduled to undergo CABG have concurrent carotid disease, and about 10% of CABG patients have evidence of hemodynamically significant carotid disease. And seeing that the risk factors for coronary artery disease are similar to those causing carotid disease, these high percentages are not surprising at all. But the question to ask is, can we put a patient with significant carotid disease through cardiac surgery? What is the perioperative risk of stroke in this situation? And importantly, should the carotid disease be surgically treated during carotid surgery? This is referred to as synchronous carotid endarterectomy, or CEA plus CABG. Or the carotid disease should be treated either surgically or endovascularly before CABG? We refer to this as staged carotid surgery or post-CABG. This is known as reverse staged carotid surgery. All of these questions are asked from the stroke physicians in that consult, and, like many of you, I have struggled to find the evidence to answer some of them. So, let's briefly review some of the current literature on this topic. The CABACS trial, the acronym stands for the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients With Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis, was a randomized controlled trial that included patients undergoing CABG who are found, exactly like that consult, to have an asymptomatic carotid disease of equal or greater than 70% stenosis. The carotid disease for this trial had to be amenable to carotid endarterectomy, or CEA, and the patients were randomized to either receive synchronous CEA plus CABG or just go through with the CABG alone. The trial started in 2010 and planned to enroll over a thousand patients, but was stopped, unfortunately, prematurely in 2014 due to slow recruitment and withdrawal of funding after only 129 patients were enrolled from 17 centers in Germany and Czech Republic. The original study was published in this journal in 2017. So, what did it find? In their intention-to-treat analysis, the primary outcome of any stroke or death at 30 days was 18% in patients receiving synchronous CEA plus CABG as compared to only 9% in patients receiving isolated CABG. Ouch, a double risk of stroke in those who had concurrent surgical treatment of their carotid disease in addition to CABG. Now, this was an underpowered study, and the results should be understood in that context, but it really didn't appear that synchronous CEA plus CABG would decrease the rate of stroke in the first 30 days. Now, how about the long-term outcomes of these patients? We know that asymptomatic carotid disease carries a cumulative annual risk of stroke, and it's important to see if the risk of subsequent stroke was lower downstream if the carotid was already fixed early on. So, in the current issue of the journal, the CABACS trial investigators, led by Dr. Stephan Knipp from the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Essen, Germany, and colleagues are back with the five-year results of this trial. How did synchronous CABG plus CEA do as compared to CABG alone? Well, by five years, the rate of stroke or death was 40% in the combined group and 35% in the CABG-only group. This was not a statistically significant difference. Now, when they broke down the primary outcomes, the rate of death from any cause was similar in the two groups. By five years, the mortality rate was 25% in the combined group and 23% in the CABG-only group. And the same was true for the rate of nonfatal strokes. And also the cumulative rate of nonfatal strokes from year one to year five was similar between the two groups, which meant that the higher stroke risk early on in the CABG plus CEA group was not counterbalanced by decreased rate of stroke later on during the long-term follow-up. And finally, they looked at the rate of disability-producing stroke. First of all, after the first year, no new disabling strokes were observed in either group. That's great news. However, in the early period, unfortunately, close to half of strokes that had happened after the combined CEA and CABG were disability-producing, and about a third of strokes that happened after CABG alone were also disability-producing. So, in summary, even though this study is quite underpowered, it appears that performing synchronous CEA plus CABG increases the preoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with asymptomatic carotid disease without providing any long-term benefits to these patients. Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. By now, I think it's safe to say that most of the population of the world has heard of at least one of the members of the coronavirus's family, which was first identified in late 2019 as the cause of a cluster of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, China. In the early months of 2020, COVID-19, the disease caused by this novel coronavirus, would rapidly spread to involve much of the world. And on March 11 of the same year, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Today, over two and a half years have passed since that day, and an avalanche of scientific papers have since been published about COVID-19, not just in medicine, but in each and every imaginable field of life. Neurology's, of course, no exception. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 largely depends on the severity of the disease and may range from a simple asymptomatic infection to a severe, lethal, multi-organ disease. In the world of neurology, a myriad of neurological symptoms, from loss of sense of taste and smell to headache, all the way to encephalopathy and seizures, have been reported in association with this disease. Early in the pandemic, some studies suggested that COVID-19 is indeed a risk factor for stroke. Like many severe infections, COVID-19 can potentially cause a prothrombotic state and can be associated with thromboembolic events. But most of these earlier studies were smaller observational studies that were completed in an inpatient setting, including those with severe COVID. In fact, to date, we still don't have an accurate and reliable estimate of stroke incidence among patients with COVID-19. On the other hand, stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and the fifth cause of death in the US. In the United States, every 40 seconds, someone has a stroke, and every four minutes, someone dies of a stroke. So, I think the question that everyone should be asking is, has COVID-19 changed this statistic? In this issue of the journal, in the study titled "Incidence of Stroke in Randomized Trials of COVID-19 Therapeutics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Dr. Ntaios and colleagues aim to get us a step closer to answering this very important question. Dr. Ntaios is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Thessaly in central Greece, and he's the current President of the Hellenic Stroke Organization. It is my great honor to have Dr. Ntaios today in our podcast to discuss this paper and all things stroke-related COVID-19. Good afternoon, George, and welcome to our podcast. Dr. George Ntaios:          Thank you for the invitation, Negar, and for highlighting our work. It's a pleasure to be here with you today. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Thank you for being here, and congrats on the paper. George, can you start us off by discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms through which COVID can potentially cause a stroke? Dr. George Ntaios:          Well, one of the most attractive things about stroke, which makes it fascinating for all of us, is its complexity. So many different pathologies can cause stroke, and, quite frequently, identifying the actual cause of stroke can be really challenging. And in a similar way, the pathophysiological association between COVID and stroke seems to be, again, complex. Different pathways have been proposed. Internal, we talk about two broad mechanisms. One is the vascular inflammation and thrombosis, and the other is cardioembolism. And there are several pathways which are involved in vascular inflammation and thrombosis: activation of the complement, activation of the inflammasome, activation of thrombin, increased production of [inaudible 00:24:47] constriction, state of stress, platelet aggregation, vascular thrombosis. So, collectively, this thromboinflammation could lead to damage of the neurovascular unit and consequently to stroke. And in a similar way, there are several cardiac pathologies which can cause stroke in a COVID patient, like acute left ventricular dysfunction, which can be caused, again, by several mechanisms, like coronary ischemia, stress-induced takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocarditis inflammation, or also as a result of direct effect of the coronavirus at the myocardial cell. And, of course, we should not forget about atrial fibrillation, which seems to be more frequent in COVID patients. So, we see that the proposed mechanisms behind the association between COVID and stroke, that is, vascular thromboinflammation on one hand, or cardioembolism on the other hand, are complex, but whether these derangements they have a clinically relevant effect or they are just biochemical derangements without any clinical effect is a debate. For example, the incidence of myocarditis in COVID is about 0.2%. That is, in every 500 COVID patients, you have one patient with myocarditis. But myocarditis has a very wide clinical spectrum ranging from subclinical elevation of myocardial enzymes to full and life-threatening disease. So, obviously, the incidence of severe myocarditis is even lower than 0.2%. And the same is true also for the incidence of myocarditis after COVID vaccination. The CDC estimates that one case of myocarditis occurs every 200,000 vaccinations, with the number being slightly higher in young men after the second dose. And this is extremely rare, and the huge majority of these myocarditis cases, they're mild. So, this is about ischemic stroke. Now, with regard to hemorrhagic stroke and its association with COVID, again, it seems to be, again, very rare. The best estimate that we have comes from the Get With The Guidelines – Stroke Registry and is about 0.2% and involves mainly patients who are already on anticoagulants. So, they had already a risk factor for ICH. So, again, whether all these pathophysiologic derangements in COVID patients, they have a clinical meaningful association with stroke risk or not, I think it's a matter of debate. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Wow, George, it was a simple question, but it seems like the answer was not that straightforward. Let me just recap some of the things you mentioned. So, first of all, the answer is not straightforward and depends on whether we're talking about ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke. There seems to be a lot of connecting points, at least, so to speak, between COVID and either forms of stroke. But you touched on two major sort of broad mechanisms. One is the idea of vascular thromboinflammation that goes along the lines of many sort of hyperacute, hyperinflammatory processes that can occur, especially in the setting of severe COVID. You touched on activation of thrombin, complement activation, platelet aggregation, sort of an activation of that microvascular or vascular unit in a sense. And then a second mechanism you touched on is the impact of COVID on the myocardium on sort of many different pathways. Again, you talked about acute left ventricular dysfunction, stress-induced myocarditis, and the impact of COVID on perhaps increasing the rate of atrial fibrillation. Again, these are all very complex associations, and some could be already present in a patient who is perhaps of an older age, and COVID is just a modifier of that risk factor that was already present in that particular person. And you also touched on how COVID can potentially increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, but the study seems to suggest that those patients already had risk factors for the same. And perhaps, again, COVID is a modifier of that risk factor. All right, so with that information, a number of studies early on, especially, in the pandemic and later, some meta-analyses, have aimed to estimate the incident rate of stroke post-COVID. Can you please briefly tell us what were their findings, and how is your current paper and current meta-analysis different in terms of methodology from those earlier studies? Dr. George Ntaios:          Yes. Well, it all started from this letter to the editor at the New England Journal of Medicine. It was published very early in the pandemic during the outbreak in New York. And in this letter, the authors had reported that within a period of two weeks, they had five young patients with COVID and large artery stroke, which they commented that it was much higher than their typical, actually their average, of 0.7 cases during a two-weeks period within the last year. And remember that back then, we knew literally nothing about COVID. So, this letter was really a huge, loud alert that something is going on here and that perhaps our hospitals would be flooded with COVID patients with stroke. So, subsequently, several reports were published aiming to estimate the incidence of stroke in COVID. Rather contradictory with the incidence, estimates are ranging from as low as 0.5% to even 5%. However, these estimates could well be inaccurate. They were observational studies. Most of them were limited to the inpatient setting. Most of them were single-center studies. Most of them, if not all, were retrospective studies. So, there was really a high risk of registration and assessment bias, as well as reporting bias. And also remember that back then during the outbreak, people were really reluctant to visit the hospital, even if they had a serious condition like stroke, an urgent condition, which means that the real incidences could be even higher. So, it was our feeling that these estimates were perhaps inaccurate. And there are also some meta-analyses of these studies which estimate that the incidence of stroke in COVID is about 1.5%. But, of course, any meta-analysis is as good as the studies it includes. So, we tried to find a way to have a more accurate estimate than these estimates. And we followed a different methodology. We studied randomized trials of COVID therapeutics, and we looked for strokes reported as adverse events or as outcome events. And the good thing about randomized trials is the rigorous assessment and reporting of outcomes in adverse events. So, we think, we believe, that this methodology provides a more reliable and a more robust estimate of stroke incidence in COVID patients. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         OK. George, it's very important what you just mentioned, so I wanted to recap for our listeners some of the things you mentioned. It all started with a letter to the editor of New England Journal of Medicine on a report of five young patients that had large vessel occlusion in the setting of COVID. And then, basically, the floodgates opened in terms of all these observational studies that basically reported the same. And subsequent to that, meta-analyses that were completed containing those observational studies predominantly gave us an incident rate of 0.5 to 5%. That's much, much higher than basically the non-COVID–associated incidence rate of stroke in the population-based studies, and basically suggested that COVID-19 is indeed a major risk factor for all types of stroke. So, that's where it all started. And, as you alluded to, these numbers had to be reverified in bigger settings, more controlled setting. And you already answered my next question, which is the difference between those studies and prior meta-analyses to the current meta-analysis is that you basically took the simple question and started looking at it in a controlled setting of randomized trials. And you already answered this question of the methodology, but I want to recap. You took basically patients included in randomized trials of therapeutics for COVID-19, various therapies for COVID-19, and you did a meta-analysis to see what were the incident rate of stroke as an outcome in these trials. So, with that, could you please tell us a little more about the population that you had in this meta-analysis in terms of their age, the types of therapies that these randomized trials had looked at, and the duration of the follow-up, please? Dr. George Ntaios:          The follow-up included 77 randomized trials, which corresponds to more than 38,000 COVID patients. The mean age of these patients was about 55 years of age, and they were followed for an average of 23 days after study enrollment. With regard to the set strategy, I think it was not strict at all. I would rather say it was very liberal. We allowed trials of any drug in COVID patients of any age, of any severity, coming from any setting: outpatient, inpatient, either general ward or intensive care unit. And from any country. I don't think that we could achieve a wider inclusion than this strategy did. And the huge majority of patients, more than 95%, they were hospitalized patients. So, by definition, they had severe COVID disease. And the drugs studied in these trials included everything that was actually tried in COVID, including tocilizumab, IL-6R inhibitors, steroids, remdesivir, chloroquine, azithromycin, ritonavir, interferon, ivermectin, and many other drugs. So, I think we tried to include as many trials as possible. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         OK. So, let me see if I got it. You basically included 77 randomized trials. It is a younger population of patients in these trials, median aged 55. You had a total of over 38,000 patients. It's a great sample size for this meta-analysis. And importantly, the duration of follow-up is median of 23 days. And it's just about any treatments we've heard that have been tried for COVID, from dexamethasone to remdesivir and ivermectin. And a rigorous methodology. So, I think we're ready to hear the primary results of this meta-analysis. How many strokes happened in these patients? Dr. George Ntaios:          In the overall population, that is both in the hospital and in the outpatient setting, there were totally 65 strokes in these 38,000 COVID patients, which corresponds to one stroke every 600 COVID patients or else an incident of only 0.16%, 0.16%. This is very low, much lower than the previous estimates. And, of note, all strokes occurred in hospitalized patients. There were no strokes at all in the ambulatory COVID patients. So, just to repeat the result, we just found that only one patient will have a stroke every 600 COVID patients who are either hospitalized or are ambulatory. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         OK. So, I need to have these numbers, I think, committed to memory, especially when we speak to family members and patients in the hospital. Ninety-five percent of the patient population of this meta-analysis were inpatient COVID. So, by definition, they must be sicker in terms of the severity of their COVID disease. Out of 38,000 patients, you had 65 events of stroke. So, these are very, very important numbers, a lot basically lower than the incidence rate reported from prior studies. So, I wanted to ask you about the sensitivity analysis that was done in the meta-analysis. Dr. George Ntaios:          Yes. When we designed the analysis, we were expecting that we would find numbers was similar to those reported before. So, we thought that perhaps a sensitivity analysis would be able to increase the confidence and the robustness of the results. That's why we did this sensitivity analysis. However, it proved that the number of strokes, the number of outcome events was much lower than what expected. So, the power for those sensitivity analysis to show a meaningful conclusion was low. So, actually, that's why we don't comment at all on those sensitivity analysis because there were so few strokes to support such an analysis. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         OK. So, basically, you had a priori design the meta-analysis based on the assumption that the incidence rate of stroke would be a lot higher, but then later on, when the incidence rates was lower, then the sensitivity analysis didn't really give any meaningful data to us. So, I mean, I think we already talked about this, but I want to ask you, why do you think that the incidence rates were so much lower in your analysis than the prior meta-analysis? Dr. George Ntaios:          I believe that our estimate is quite accurate. I think that the reports of stroke incidence published during the pandemic possibly overestimated the association. I think that the early concern that we all had in the beginning, that we would be flooded with strokes during the pandemic, was not confirmed. I think that we can support with decent confidence that stroke is a rare or perhaps very rare complication of COVID. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Right. That's great news. That really is great news, and we take every bit of good news in these trying times. George, something that was not touched on in the paper, but I want to ask you and basically get your opinion on this matter, is a much talked about concept in the COVID literature of how COVID could potentially modify certain risk factors. There are much talk about how people with pre-existing diabetes or obesity can potentially develop more severe COVID and, hence, have more complications of COVID, including stroke. What is your clinical experience on this matter, and do you think there are certain predictors of development of COVID-associated stroke? Dr. George Ntaios:          That's a very good point. For the last two years, I was involved in the hospitalization management of COVID patients. So, what we see is what is also described in the literature, that there are certain patient characteristics that predispose them to severe COVID. For example, obesity, for example, older age, pregnancy. Perhaps our analysis was not designed to respond to this question. The data available on the studies that were included, they could not support such an analysis. So, I cannot provide information from our study. But the fact that all strokes in our study, they occurred in hospitalized patients and none of them occurred in ambulatory patients, confirms what is known, that those strokes occurred in patients who, by definition, they have severe COVID disease. So, they confirm this putative association that perhaps severe COVID is associated with stroke rather than just mild COVID. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         All right. Thank you. And I just want to end with this simple question that I get asked often, and I want to see how you respond to patients or their loved ones when you're asked this question: "Doctor, did COVID give me a stroke?" How should we answer that question? Dr. George Ntaios:          Yes. As we discussed, I think that stroke is a rather rare or perhaps very rare complication of stroke and certainly less frequent than we initially thought. And in those stroke patients who had already other pathologies which can cause stroke, I would be rather reluctant to attribute it to COVID. I would be perhaps more willing to do so in younger patients, but again, only after exhaustively looking for another cause, like PFO, dissection, etc. I mean, the concern is that if we as the treating stroke physicians assume that the stroke is caused by COVID, then we might discourage patients from doing the necessary diagnostic workup to find the actual cause of stroke. And if it happens, then perhaps an underlying pathology may be missed, which means that the patient will remain vulnerable to stroke recurrence. So, in general, I'm rather very reluctant to say that the stroke is caused by COVID unless a really thorough diagnostic workup shows nothing else at all. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         All right. Very important message now to all practicing clinicians is don't stop at COVID. Don't just say simply, "Oh, this is COVID. COVID gave you a stroke." Keep looking for potential causes of stroke. Still do put that patient in the category of potentially ESUS or cryptogenic stroke if no other causes are found. And keep in mind that stroke is rare or, as George said, a very rare complication of COVID. Dr. George Ntaios, this is an exceedingly timely topic and a very important contribution to the field. Congratulations again on your paper, and thanks for taking the time to chatting with us today. Dr. George Ntaios:          Thank you for the wonderful discussion, Negar, and for the focus of our work. Dr. Negar Asdaghi:         Thank you. And this concludes our podcast for the November 2022 issue of Stroke. As always, please be sure to check out the table of contents for the full list of publications, as we can only cover a fraction of the incredible science published in this journal each month. And don't forget to check our fantastic Literature Synopsis. In this month's issue, we read a short summary of the ACST-2 trial published in Lancet on the results of a randomized comparison of stenting versus endarterectomy in asymptomatic carotid disease patients with over 60% of carotid stenosis. We also have the results of the CASSISS randomized trial, which was published in JAMA earlier this year, and it studied the effect of stenting plus maximal medical therapy versus maximum medical therapy alone on the risk of subsequent stroke and death in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis, either in the anterior or in the posterior circulation. CASSISS did not show that stenting was superior to maximum medical therapy, and sadly, these patients remain at a substantial risk of recurrent stroke despite being on best medical therapy. But I wouldn't be too despondent about the future of interventional therapy for intracranial atherosclerotic disease. After all, we've come a long way since Dr. Charles Thomas Stent, an English dentist, started experimenting with products to advance the field of denture making around 1865. The work that Dr. Stent had started would be continued by his two sons, both dentists, to eventually make its way to products to create surgical tools. But it would be another 100 years before the first percutaneous coronary procedure was completed in 1964. And in honor of Dr. Stent's pioneering work, the device used to keep the coronaries open was named, you guessed it, stents. Today's stroke care cannot be imagined without the use of various stents, and there's no doubt the future is promising for ways in which we will be able to safely treat intracranial atherosclerotic disease amongst all other vascular disorders. And what better way to keep our enthusiasm than staying alert with Stroke Alert. This program is copyright of the American Heart Association, 2022. The opinions expressed by speakers in this podcast are their own and not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. For more, visit AHAjournals.org.

Få de tre vigtigste pointer fra morgenudsendelsen leveret på mail - bliv medlem på duah.dk, de første 14 dage er gratis. Den planlagte gæstevært måtte desværre melde afbud, men heldigvis kunne vores nye bestyrelsesformand træde til og udfylde rollen i dag. Ring ind til Poul og stil spørgsmål klokken 8.45. Du kan også høre Frank Aaen, Mette Reissmann, Martin Geertsen og meget andet i En Uafhængig Morgen. Tidskoder:  [15:00] : Frank Aaen, næstformand, Statsrevisorerne, statsrevisor. Fhv. MF for Enhedslisten og i dag økonomisk rådgiver ved Enhedslisten // Om danske direktørlønninger er for høje. [29:00] : Mette Reissmann, Medlem af Borgerrepræsentationen i København for Socialdemokratiet // Om Socialdemokratiet bakker ud af valgløfte om at fjerne parkeringspladser i København. [40:00] : Anders Lund Madsen, Journalist, meningsdanner og alt mulig mand (og imod overvågning) // Om mere overvågning skaber mere frihed. [50:00] : Clara Vind og Kristian Henriksen, Journalister på Den Uafhængige // Om det nyeste afsnit af vores nye program “Stoklund-Syndromet”. [01:00:00] : Rasmus Bruun Pedersen, professor på Institut for Statskundskab på Aarhus Universitet // Om den næste kolde krig i Europa er lige om hjørnet. [01:10:00] : Niels Holmark Andersen, overlæge ved Aalborg Universitetshospital // Om det er et problem, at medicinalfirmaer sponsorerer sundhedshøringer på Christiansborg. [01:20:00] : Bjarke Skaaning, Katastrofechef i Røde Kors // Om nogle af verdens store katastrofer bliver glemt i mængden. [01:30:00] : Martin Geertsen, sundhedsordfører for Venstre og vært for medicinalfirmaerne Amgen og Novartis' sundhedshøring // Om folketingspolitikere burde beværte medicinalfirmaers høringer. [01:45:00] : Poul Madsen, Arbejdende bestyrelsesformand på Den Uafhængige // Lytterspørgsmål om Den Uafhængige.

Aan het begin van het nieuwe millennium krijgt de reclamewereld er een compleet nieuwe dimensie bij: internet. De budgetten verschuiven steeds meer van traditionele media als televisie en print naar online. Nieuwe bureaus spelen daar handig op in door zich helemaal in digitale media specialiseren. Een aantal bestaande bureaus blijkt niet langer in staat om het hoofd boven water te houden, waaronder ook het iconische FHV.Giep is inmiddels bejaard en stopt ook met zijn activiteiten voor SWOCC. Maar van stoppen met denken en onderzoeken is geen sprake. Hij werkt aan een nieuw boek waarin hij de oorsprong en geschiedenis van het merk onderzoekt: 'Brandr - een kroniek van het merk'. Het lukt hem uiteindelijk niet om het boek te voltooien. Giep overlijdt in oktober 2020. Maar zijn gedachtengoed blijkt alles behalve verdwenen...In deze aflevering: Andy Mosmans (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1991), Edith Smit (hoogleraar Persuasieve Communicatie UvA), Mary Hoogerbrugge (beschermvrouwe SWOCC, oud-student van Giep), Peter van Woensel-Kooy (senior redacteur van onder meer MarketingTribune), Fred Bronner (emeritus hoogleraar Communicatiewetenschap UvA), Paul Turken (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1987), Wilbert Schreurs (reclamehistoricus).GIEP is een Airborne Original, ontwikkeld in samenwerking de Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Commerciële Communicatie (SWOCC). Deze podcast is mede-mogelijk gemaakt door Ace, Family of Leading Agencies en Adformatie. Naar een idee van: Jeroen de BakkerConcept & Creative Director: Marvin JacobsResearch, interviews & scripts: Anik SeeSr. Producer: Maaike LuijerSound engineer & soundtrack: Sam van OmmenHost: Liesbeth Rasker

Vanaf de jaren '90 verandert het medialandschap in rap tempo. Door de komst van commerciële televisie en later door internet moet de reclamewereld zichzelf in hoog tempo opnieuw uitvinden. FHV wordt inmiddels geleid door een nieuwe garde van jonge reclamemakers. Ondanks hun ambitieuze plannen kan het bureau de snelle veranderingen maar nauwelijks bijbenen. Is het model van een klassiek reclamebureau eigenlijk nog wel van deze tijd? Voor Giep Franzen is het hoofdstuk FHV inmiddels al lang gesloten. En ook zijn tweede carrière, als bijzonder hoogleraar, komt tot een einde: hij besteedt zijn tijd volledig aan onderzoek en SWOCC.In deze aflevering: Andy Mosmans (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1991), Edith Smit (hoogleraar Persuasieve Communicatie UvA), Mary Hoogerbrugge (beschermvrouwe SWOCC, oud-student van Giep), Peter van Woensel-Kooy (senior redacteur van onder meer MarketingTribune), Fred Bronner (emeritus hoogleraar Communicatiewetenschap UvA), Tijs Timmerman (lector Marketing & Customer Experience, Hogeschool Utrecht), Paul Turken (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1987), Wilbert Schreurs (reclamehistoricus).GIEP is een Airborne Original, ontwikkeld in samenwerking Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Commerciële Communicatie (SWOCC). Deze podcast is mede-mogelijk gemaakt door Ace; Family of Leading Agencies en Adformatie. Naar een idee van: Jeroen de BakkerConcept & Creative Director: Marvin JacobsResearch, interviews & scripts: Anik SeeSr. Producer: Maaike LuijerSound engineer & soundtrack: Sam van OmmenHost: Liesbeth Rasker

We hebben het vandaag over de nieuwste smartphones, zoals die van Nothing en Sony. En over elektrisch rijden: Nederland is koploper laadpalen. Verder: Meta toont zijn nieuwste VR-ontwikkelingen en maakt zich hard voor metaverse-standaarden.Tips uit deze aflevering:Podcast: Giep, over de godfather van de moderne Nederlandse reclamewereld: Giep Franzen. Hij was in de jaren 60 een van de oprichters van het roemruchte bureau FHV (Giep is de F in de naam). Giep nam reclame serieus en introduceerde het bredere merkdenken. Hij maakte met zijn partners bij FHV de reclame-hausse mee in de jaren 70 en 80. In de jaren 90 maakte Giep als bihjzonder hoogleraar aan de UvA van reclame ook een wetenschap. Hij overleed in 2020. Fijne podcast-serie naar een idee van Jeroen Bakker.Boek: Stories of Your Life and Others van de Amerikaanse schrijver Ted Chiang. Een verzameling korte sci-fi-verhalen zoals het verhaal dat de basis vormde voor de film Arrival uit 2016. Chiang schrijft meeslepend, je zit ondanks de ingewikkelde thema's snel in het verhaal en alles leest heel realistisch. Het boek is al jaren oud en dus fysiek en digitaal goed verkrijgbaar.Review: Eerste Indruk: 13 inch MacBook Pro met M2. De eerste MacBook met de nieuwste chip van Apple heeft geen nieuw ontwerp. Voordelen, nadelen: Erwin zet ze voor je op een rij maar blijft deze MacBook Pro een vreemd model vinden.Zie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Binnen FHV is Giep steeds minder zichtbaar. Toch zit hij allesbehalve stil. Hij besteedt het grootste deel van zijn tijd aan onderzoek, iets dat hem al jaren interesseert. Hij wordt in 1990 gevraagd om als gastdocent les te komen geven aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam. Baanbrekend voor die tijd, want met een wetenschappelijke blik naar reclame kijken, wordt nog maar nauwelijks gedaan. En het blijkt aan te slaan: studenten staan in de rij voor de colleges van Giep. Daarmee levert hij een belangrijke bijdrage aan het verspreiden van de wetenschap binnen de reclamewereld. In deze aflevering: Andy Mosmans (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1991), Edith Smit (hoogleraar Persuasieve Communicatie UvA), Mary Hoogerbrugge (beschermvrouwe SWOCC, oud-student van Giep), Peter van Woensel-Kooy (senior redacteur van onder meer MarketingTribune), Fred Bronner (emeritus hoogleraar Communicatiewetenschap UvA), Tijs Timmerman (lector Marketing & Customer Experience, Hogeschool Utrecht). GIEP is een Airborne Original, ontwikkeld in samenwerking de Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Commerciële Communicatie (SWOCC). Deze podcast is mede-mogelijk gemaakt door Ace; Family of Leading Agencies en Adformatie. Naar een idee van: Jeroen de BakkerConcept & Creative Director: Marvin JacobsResearch, interviews & scripts: Anik SeeSr. Producer: Maaike LuijerSound engineer & soundtrack: Sam van OmmenHost: Liesbeth Rasker

In de jaren '80 breekt een nieuw tijdperk aan, dat vooral veel individualistischer is dan de voorgaande decennia. Consumenten durven ineens te laten zien dat ze succesvol zijn, onder meer door dure en luxe merken te kopen. Dit is ook de tijd dat mensen ineens merken zichtbaar op hun kleding dragen. Door de opkomst van het merk breekt voor de reclamewereld een gouden tijd aan. Ook de komst van bewegend beeld heeft invloed: dit is het tijdperk van vele iconische televisiereclames. FHV is ondertussen uitgegroeid tot het grootste en meest invloedrijke reclamebureau van Nederland. Het onderscheidt zich nog altijd met diepgravend onderzoek dat wordt gedaan voor klanten. Binnen het bureau rommelt het ondertussen: mede-oprichter Martin Veltman vertrekt en een paar jaar later wordt Giep 55 jaar. Een beladen moment, omdat hij gezegd heeft op die leeftijd te zullen stoppen en het stokje over te dragen aan de nieuwe garde. Maar nu het zover is, blijkt dat minder makkelijk dan gedacht.In deze aflevering: Wilbert Schreurs (reclamehistoricus), Koos Holsmuller (copywriter bij FHV, vanaf 1966), Andy Mosmans (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1991), Hans Klok (account director bij FHV vanaf 1973) en Paul Turken (strateeg bij FHV, vanaf 1987)GIEP is een Airborne Original, ontwikkeld in samenwerking de Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Commerciële Communicatie (SWOCC). Deze podcast is mede-mogelijk gemaakt door Ace, Family of Leading Agencies en Adformatie. Naar een idee van: Jeroen de BakkerConcept & Creative Director: Marvin JacobsResearch, interviews & scripts: Anik SeeSr. Producer: Maaike LuijerSound engineer & soundtrack: Sam van OmmenHost: Liesbeth Rasker

Na de oprichting groeit FHV als kool en wordt het al snel een van de meest toonaangevende bureaus in Nederland. In het portfolio zitten inmiddels merken als Amstel en Douwe Egberts. De analytische aanpak en het merkdenken blijkt aan te slaan bij klanten.Maar Giep wil verder groeien, dus reist af naar New York - hét mekka van de reclame-industrie - en gaat op zoek naar een geschikte partij om mee samen te werken. Ondertussen blijken niet alle drie de FHV-oprichters even gelukkig te zijn met de nieuwe rol waarin ze terecht zijn gekomen sinds de explosieve groei van het bureau. In deze aflevering: Wilbert Schreurs (reclamehistoricus), Koos Holsmuller (copywriter bij FHV, vanaf 1966), Hans Klok (account director bij FHV vanaf 1973) en Paul Schweitzer (strateeg bij FHV vanaf 1977).GIEP is een Airborne Original, ontwikkeld in samenwerking de Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Commerciële Communicatie (SWOCC). Deze podcast is mede-mogelijk gemaakt door Ace, Family of Leading Agencies en Adformatie. Naar een idee van: Jeroen de BakkerConcept & Creative Director: Marvin JacobsResearch, interviews & scripts: Anik SeeSr. Producer: Maaike LuijerSound engineer & soundtrack: Sam van OmmenHost: Liesbeth Rasker

Op 2 januari 1967 wordt in Nederland voor de allereerste keer een televisiereclame uitgezonden. Het luidt een nieuw tijdperk in voor reclame-industrie in ons land. Een nieuwe generatie reclamemakers vindt dat het anders moet: beter, slimmer en creatiever. Eén van hen is Giep Franzen. Hij is mede-oprichter van het iconische bureau FHV. Met zijn gedachtegoed zal hij de Nederlandse reclamewereld voorgoed veranderen. Giep Franzen begint zijn carrière als hulpje op de reclame-afdeling van een textielfabrikant. Hij ziet al snel dat het anders kan. In Nico Hey en Martin Veltman vindt hij twee gelijkgestemden. Reclamebureau FHV is vervolgens snel een feit. Maar hoe kan het in een relatief korte tijd uitgroeien tot hét bureau van Nederland? Wat is het geheim? In deze aflevering: Wilbert Schreurs (reclamehistoricus), Koos Holsmuller (copywriter bij FHV, vanaf 1966) en Hans Klok (account director bij FHV vanaf 1973). GIEP is een Airborne Original, ontwikkeld in samenwerking Stichting Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Commerciële Communicatie (SWOCC). Deze podcast is mede-mogelijk gemaakt door Ace; Family of Leading Agencies en Adformatie. Naar een idee van: Jeroen de BakkerConcept & Creative Director: Marvin JacobsResearch, interviews & scripts: Anik SeeSr. Producer: Maaike LuijerSound engineer & soundtrack: Sam van OmmenHost: Liesbeth Rasker

Mgr. Dana Chalupeková, doktorandka z Katedry mediamatiky a kultúrneho dedičstva (FHV, UNIZA), pozýva na vernisáž výstavy - Historické knižnice na Slovensku. Prečo by ste si ju nemali nechať ujsť?

Står Danmark på den forkerte side i konflikten mellem Rusland og Ukraine? Hvorfor gå ind i en årelang kamp mod et parkeringsfirma? Sender det et dårligt signal, at Aalborg Kommune har droppet initiativ mod sexisme og diskrimination i nattelivet kort efter to dødsfald i byen? Dine værter er Camilla Boraghi og Mads Bjerregaard. Tidskoder: 00:00:00-00:10:00: Per Clausen, Fhv. medlem af Folketinget, og nuværende byrådsmedlem/rådmand i Aalborg, Enhedslisten // Sender det et dårligt signal, at Aalborg Kommune har droppet initiativ mod sexisme og diskrimination i nattelivet kort efter to dødsfald i byen? 00:10:00-00:30:00: Jørn Nielsen, tidligere talsperson for rockergruppen Hells Angels og forfatter til kroniken “Stop krigsdansen, før det er for sent” //  Står Danmark på den forkerte side i konflikten mellem Rusland og Ukraine?   00:31:00-00:40:00: Lotte Rørtoft Madsen, formand for Kommunistisk Parti // Står Danmark på den forkerte side i konflikten mellem Rusland og Ukraine?   00:42:00-00:48:00:  Irina Bjørnø, forfatter, russer og bestyrelsesmedlem i Dansk Russisk forening, formand i Russisk-Kultur-Mission i Danmark. Og forkvinde for Alternativet i Høje Taastrup. // Står Danmark på den forkerte side i konflikten mellem Rusland og Ukraine?   00:51:00-01:00:00: Jesper Olsen, formand for Transparency International og Ekstern lektor i Offentlig Ret // Skal sigtelserne mod spionchef Lars Findsen offentliggøres?   01:01:00-01:10:00: Kasper Junge Wester, journalist på OLFI og tidligere kampinformationskonstabel på skibet Esbern Snare // Om hvorvidt den danske fregat ‘Esbern Snare' kan stille noget op mod Rusland   01:11:00-01:20:00: Peter Viggo Jakobsen, lektor, FAK // Om hvor meget man kan stole på de amerikanske efterretninger   01:21:00-01:30:00: Alexander Nyborg Christensen, forsvarsadvokat // Om hvorfor han gik ind i en årelang kamp mod et parkeringsfirma   01:35:00-01:45:00: Nuuradiin S. Hussein, Rådmand, Job & Velfærd // Sender det et dårligt signal, at Aalborg Kommune har droppet initiativ mod sexisme og diskrimination i nattelivet kort efter to dødsfald i byen? 01:46:00-01:52:00:  Kim Fischer, ornitolog // Om hvorfor havfuglene dør 01:52:00-02:00:00: Jarl Cordua, politisk kommentator // Er partiet Venstre i frit fald?

Lydia Kwak, docent vid Karolinska Institutet samtalar med Wim Grooten om företagshälsovårdens roll med fokus på hälsopromotion i arbetslivet. Lydia berättar bland annat om sitt arbete med riktlinjer för FHV, t ex om hälsoundersökningar.

Vandaag ben ik in gesprek met Niels Vrijhoeven. Niels is freelance strateeg en heeft een wel heel interessant carrièrepad afgelegd. Zijn mentor was al die tijd niemand minder dan Goos Geursen, 21 jaar lang bekend strateeg en partner van wat ooit het ministerie van de reclame heette: FHV. Als je het gebouw in Amstelveen ooit hebt mogen betreden dan weet je waar ik het over heb. Het is geweldig om te horen hoe de omwegen van Niels hem leiden tot het reclamebureau van oa Kluun oftewel Raymond van de Klundert, Project X. Of de bewogen tijd bij de grootste krant van Nederland, De Telegraaf om daar Speurders en digitale content van de grond te krijgen. En hij was nauw betrokken bij de oprichting van de aandelenapp Bux en vertelt hoe ze een commercial met een mini-budget toch op tv kregen. Over hoe creativiteit plaats maakte voor data, maar hoe data nu weer plaats maakt voor creativiteit. En nog veel meer mooie inzichten voor je merk. Genoeg stof tot nadenken! SHOWNOTES Niels Vrijhoeven Goos Geursen Bux Kluun FHV  

Show #1123.   If you get any value from this podcast please consider supporting my work on Patreon. Plus all Patreon supporters get their own unique ad-free podcast feed.   Good morning, good afternoon and good evening wherever you are in the world, welcome to EV News Daily for Thursday 24th June. It's Martyn Lee here and I go through every EV story so you don't have to.   Thank you to MYEV.com for helping make this show, they've built the first marketplace specifically for Electric Vehicles. It's a totally free marketplace that simplifies the buying and selling process, and help you learn about EVs along the way too.   TESLA MODEL 3 FIRST ELECTRIC CAR TO TOP CARS.COM AMERICAN-MADE INDEX   - The Tesla Model 3 reached the number one spot in Cars.com's 2021 American-Made Index (AMI), making it the first all-electric vehicle to top the list in its 16-year history .The annual survey results, released Wednesday, “ranks new vehicles that contribute most to the U.S. economy” based on U.S. factory jobs, manufacturing plants and sourcing of parts, according to the Cars.com   - This shows that despite the ongoing semiconductor shortage and lack of vehicle inventory, consumer demand is high, especially for American-made vehicles.   - Research done by Cars.com shows 72% of shoppers consider a car's U.S. economic impact an important deciding factor in their vehicle purchase, according to Cars.com.   · Original Source : https://eu.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2021/06/23/tesla-model-3-top-american-car-index-ford-mustang/5312540001/       NEW YORK CITY VOTES TO BLOCK NEW LICENSES FOR ELECTRIC TAXIS   - New York City's Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) voted to block the issuance of new for-hire vehicle licenses for electric vehicles. The move was widely perceived as a snub toward Revel, the company best known for its electric moped-sharing service, which was planning to launch a ride-hailing service using a fleet of Tesla vehicles.    -Revel announced last April that it planned to launch a ride-hail service in Manhattan with a fleet of 50 Tesla Model Ys. The company had been hoping to exploit a loophole in the city's current rules, which caps the number of new FHV licenses but exempts wheelchair-accessible and electric vehicles. The cap was originally enacted as a way to stem the tide of new Uber and Lyft vehicles that were flooding the streets. On Tuesday, the TLC voted 5-to-1 remove the exemption for electric vehicles, effectively closing off that pathway for Revel.   - those who already own an FHV license for a gas car are still allowed to transfer those licenses to an electric vehicle if they so choose.   · Original Source : https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/23/22546955/nyc-tlc-electric-vehicle-license-taxi-vote-revel-tesla   REALITY CHECK FOR VW IN CHINA    - Volkswagen AG's ID series – the backbone of its electric vehicle ambitions – is off to what even company sources call a worryingly slow start in China. Sales in May of two ID.4 electric SUV models, launched only two months earlier, came to a mere 1,213 combined. And that was about 200 fewer than in April, according to auto consultancy LMC. The sales fall far short of initial hopes, four people with knowledge of the matter said, and what some other automakers have achieved with early sales of flagship EV offerings in the world's largest auto market.   - Volkswagen's venture with state-owned SAIC Motor, which makes the slightly bigger ID.4 X model, had been targeting sales of 50,000-60,000 vehicles this year   - A separate venture between the world's No. 2 automaker and FAW which makes the ID.4 CROZZ had similar targets   - By comparison, Tesla sold 6,612 of its Model Y in China in the first two months after its launch. The ID.4's sales performance in China also contrasts sharply with Europe, where it is a top-selling electric car with 12,101 sold in the first two months post-launch   · Highlighted Source : https://share.getliner.com/CSmmz/ · Original Source : https://www.euronews.com/2021/06/22/uk-volkswagen-electric-china     MG MARVEL R ELECTRIC HEADING TO EUROPEAN DEALERS - ELECTRIVE.COM   - MG Motor has announced the market launch of its all-electric SUV, Marvel R Electric, in Europe. The model is now available for pre-order. The electric SUV will arrive in European MG Brand Stores in autumn this year. MG Motor gives list prices for the Marvel R, which was unveiled in March, ranging from 40,000 to 50,000 euros. The Marvel R is available in all-wheel-drive (AWD) and rear-wheel-drive (RWD) versions and Comfort, Luxury and Performance variants.   - The large electric car is 4.67 metres long and features a wheelbase of 2.8 metres. According to the company, the SUV is built on an aluminium frame and accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 4.9 seconds. The top speed is 200 km/h.   - Prospective buyers can choose between two powertrain versions: a tri-motor powertrain – with three electric motors, all-wheel drive and a maximum output of 212 kW, as well as a WLTP range of 370 kilometres. The RWD version with two electric motors has a maximum output of 132 kW and a WLTP range of 402 kilometres. Both versions get their energy from a 70-kWh lithium-ion battery.   - With a V2L (vehicle-to-load) function, the lithium-ion battery can also supply external electrical devices such as air pumps, e-scooters, laptops or another electric car with power.   · Original Source : https://www.electrive.com/2021/06/22/mg-marvel-r-electric-heading-to-european-dealers/       LUCID'S 'AIR' ELECTRIC LUXURY SEDAN RECORDS MORE THAN 10,000 RESERVATIONS   - Lucid Motors said that the reservations for the luxury electric sedan, Air, have already reached more than 10,000. Although it is expected that the reservations would still be higher than usual, the growing EV production in the company could be enough to rival Tesla.   - "We achieved a landmark last Friday when we started building our quality validation production run of cars. We completed our pre-production run very successfully. The quality validation builds are the cars that we eventually will sell directly to customers once we get the quality right. This is a big step in our mission to industrialize," Lucid CEO Peter Rawlinson said.   In line with this goal, Rawlinson hopes that the Air's "Dream Edition" would be delivered in this year's second half. During Q2 2021, the revamped Dream only lasted for a while. Lucid stated that this time, they would only create 500 units of it.   · Original Source : https://www.techtimes.com/articles/261897/20210624/lucids-air-electric-luxury-sedan-records-more-10-000-reservations.htm       RIVIAN PLANT EMPLOYMENT TOPS 1,900 | WGLT   - Rivian has now hired 1,000 people in the past four months at its plant in Normal, with spokesperson Zach Dietmeier saying the total number of workers is about 1,900 — and hiring continues.   - "By the end of the year we expect to be somewhere in the neighborhood of 2,500 employees on site in Normal. Full projections at the Normal Production Facility is somewhere in the neighborhood of 3,000 to 4,000 people by the end of 2022," said Dietmeier.   - New vehicles will start to roll off the line next month as the company starts production models of its R1T pickup trucks. The company's electric SUV will debut late this year.   · Original Source : https://www.wglt.org/local-news/2021-06-23/rivian-plant-employment-tops-1-900       EUROPE INVESTS $47B IN 38 EV BATTERY GIGAFACTORIES   - As of May 2021, 38 battery cell gigafactories are being built or planned in Europe and the UK, according to the latest report by the non-governmental organization Transport & Environment. Out of the 38 projects, 17 have secured funding so far, estimated to be up to $30 billion between them. The amount consists of both private and public funding, including, for instance, Tesla's gigafactory in Berlin, which received $1.4 billion in German federal and state support.   - Ten other projects have secured partial financing and support, making up at least $16.8 billion in potential investments. These include numerous national projects, key to Europe's battery autonomy, notably Verkor in France, Britishvolt in the UK, Italvolt in Italy, Basquevolt-Nabatt in Spain, and Freyr in Norway.In addition, 11 more gigafactories have recently been announced, but still lack firm commitments regarding location, planned capacity, and investment.   - If all 38 gigafactories come through, 462 GWh worth of battery cells could be produced in 2025 and 1,144 GWh in 2030 – that's 13 times higher the current European supply of 87 GWh in 2021. According to Transport & Environment's analysis, this would give Europe one fifth of global cell production by 2025, rendering it second only to China .   · Original Source : https://thenextweb.com/news/europe-delivers-blow-asia-with-47b-investment-ev-battery-gigafactories       1000 NEW JOBS COMING TO SPARTANBURG SC OSHKOSH VEHICLE PLANT   - A Wisconsin company will invest $155 million and create 1,000 jobs in Spartanburg County in a plant to manufacture the next generation of vehicles for the United States Postal Service. Oshkosh Defense, a subsidiary of Oshkosh Corp., will be located in the Flatwood Industrial Park to make zero-emission battery electric vehicles and fuel-efficient low-emission internal combustion engine vehicles. The company will reconfigure an existing warehouse. Other suppliers for the Oshkosh plant are expected to locate in the area, the company said in an announcement Tuesday.   - The vehicles will be the first large-scale purchase by the Postal Service in 30 years. The contract calls for 50,000 to 165,000 vehicles over a period of 10 years. Oshkosh was selected in a competitive process that began in 2015 and ended with a multi-billion-dollar contract in February 2021, the company said.   · Original Source : https://www.thestate.com/news/business/article252277318.html       NEW STUDY FINDS THAT EV CHARGE AUTOMATION COULD REDUCE CARBON IMPACT   - A new study from Sense and Singularity Energy has demonstrated the potential for significant carbon reductions from electric vehicle (EV) charging using a combination of smart home automation and location- and time-based carbon emissions data from the power grid. The study found that by automating charging to minimize carbon impact, carbon emissions from EV charging could be reduced 8-14% on average across the U.S.   - Carbon reductions from automated EV charging could have a significant impact on reaching carbon emissions goals to slow climate change, and while EV charging is the most obvious case, similar opportunities for savings apply to other large loads in the home. The best opportunities for load shaping are activities that can be scheduled flexibly, like running a dishwasher or washing machine during overnight hours to have clean clothes and dishes ready when they're needed in the morning   - Using an automated, dynamic approach, utilities can incentivize customers to reduce peak emissions by shifting their activities, including EV charging, similar to the current incentives to reduce peak demand.   · Original Source : https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-study-finds-that-ev-charge-automation-could-reduce-carbon-impact-by-up-to-14-in-us-and-by-43-in-california-301316475.html       WE'RE CHARGING OUR EVS AT PEAK TIMES     · Original Source : https://thedriven.io/2021/06/23/were-charging-our-evs-at-peak-times-and-must-get-smarter-origin/             QUESTION OF THE WEEK WITH EMOBILITYNORWAY.COM   What's the best way to navigate an EV journey and charge on the way? Do you use our smartphone or use the car's internal system?   Email me your thoughts and I'll read them out on Sunday – hello@evnewsdaily.com   It would mean a lot if you could take 2mins to leave a quick review on whichever platform you download the podcast.   And  if you have an Amazon Echo, download our Alexa Skill, search for EV News Daily and add it as a flash briefing.   Come and say hi on Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter just search EV News Daily, have a wonderful day, I'll catch you tomorrow and remember…there's no such thing as a self-charging hybrid.   PREMIUM PARTNERS PHIL ROBERTS / ELECTRIC FUTURE BRAD CROSBY PORSCHE OF THE VILLAGE CINCINNATI AUDI CINCINNATI EAST VOLVO CARS CINCINNATI EAST NATIONALCARCHARGING.COM and ALOHACHARGE.COM DEREK REILLY FROM THE EV REVIEW IRELAND YOUTUBE CHANNEL RICHARD AT RSEV.CO.UK – FOR BUYING AND SELLING EVS IN THE UK EMOBILITYNORWAY.COM/

Weer een aflevering vol met ‘golden nuggets' zoals dat zo mooi heet, want deze keer spreek ik met Bert Hagendoorn, die opereert onder zijn eigen naam Bert Hagendoorn. Waarom hij werkt onder zijn eigen naam en niet een bedrijfsnaam koos, hoor je in deze podcast. Als je in de creatieve sector werkt, kun je moeilijk om Bert heen. Want hij is de to-go-to-guy die je helpt om je beter in de markt te zetten – oftewel positioneren. Hij haalt het onderste uit de kan naar boven bij de bureaus zodat ze beter kunnen laten zien waar ze goed in zijn. Natuurlijk een interessant gegeven, waarom hebben reclamebureaus iemand anders nodig om reclame voor zichzelf te maken? Dan komt natuurlijk meteen het belang van namen voor bureaus in beeld. Waar het vroeger met strakke afkortingen werd afgedaan (TBWA, FHV, DDB) is het nu creativiteit wat de klok slaat. MediaMonks, Superhero Cheesecake of Achtung! En wat moet je met een naam als Vruchtvlees? Bert was ooit hoofdredacteur van een designmagazine Dzone en werkte voor Photoshop oftewel Adobe. Met zijn kennis van en liefde voor design is hij ook oprichter en voorzitter van Dutch Digital Design, de club die ons talentvolle Nederlandse design in het buitenland propageert. SHOWNOTES Bert Hagendoorn Bert op LinkedIn Dutch Digital Design Adobe       Wat positioneren inhoudt en hoe dat ook jouw business in beweging kan brengen hoor je zo van Bert.

I denne podcast har vi den plan at du som lytter indimellem bliver stillet nogle spørgsmål, som du får tid til at reflektere over. Så kommer vi med svarene bagefter. Fhv praktiserende læge og referent i månedsskriftet Jens Aage Stauning er gæst Christian Vøhtz er redaktør og værtNedslag i episoden:3.28 Migræne 6.39 Hurtigrunde nr 18.25 Mænds sundhed 12.56 Hurtigrunde nr 214.00 Lumbal diskusprolaps

Hvad gør det ved mennesker at være på flugt? Giver flygtninge os en særlig etisk udfordring eller er der kun tale om et politisk spørgsmål? Og hvilken rolle spillede troen, da de danske jøder blev reddet i oktober '43? Gæster: Fhv. ambassadør Ole Philipson og dr.teol Peter Lodberg.

Mor til Jesus, ja, men hvem er hun ellers? Hvilken rolle spiller hun i dag? Er der plads til Jomfru Maria i vores del af verden? Hvad kan hun lære os, som vi ikke kan få direkte fra hendes søn? Anders Laugesen og Paula Larrain udfolder troens verden og livets mysterier gennem åbenhjertige samtaler. Gæster: Fhv. lærer Inger Jensen og Birgitte Jeppesen, sognepræst.

In this VETgirl online veterinary continuing education podcast sponsored by Aventix, Dr. Shelby Reinstein discusses Feline Herpes Virus (FHV). FHV is a very common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats, and is THE MOST common cause of surface ocular disease. Kittens which suffer from the initial viral exposure are often quite sick with both upper respiratory infections (URI) and ocular signs. These kittens can have significant fever, decreased appetites, and secondary bacterial infections may ensue. Adult cats, however, usually have a more mild form of the disease, as the virus is reactivating from its dormant state. Given the wide variety of clinical syndromes attributable to FHV, it can be challenging to know exactly WHO to treat, and with what. In this VETgirl podcast, Dr. Shelby Reinstein reviews examination findings, as well as drug therapies for the treatment of FHV including antibiotic therapy, lysine, and even famciclovir!

In this VETgirl online veterinary continuing education podcast sponsored by Aventix, Dr. Shelby Reinstein discusses Feline Herpes Virus (FHV). FHV is a very common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats, and is THE MOST common cause of surface ocular disease. Kittens which suffer from the initial viral exposure are often quite sick with both upper respiratory infections (URI) and ocular signs. These kittens can have significant fever, decreased appetites, and secondary bacterial infections may ensue. Adult cats, however, usually have a more mild form of the disease, as the virus is reactivating from its dormant state. Given the wide variety of clinical syndromes attributable to FHV, it can be challenging to know exactly WHO to treat, and with what. In this VETgirl podcast, Dr. Shelby Reinstein reviews examination findings, as well as drug therapies for the treatment of FHV including antibiotic therapy, lysine, and even famciclovir!

Prof. (FH) Dipl.-Des. (FH) Michael Kneidl Prof. (FH) Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Göpfert Wie aus einer Idee ein Spielzeug entstehen kann. Weißt du, was ein Kreisel ist? Sicher hast du schon einmal mit einem gespielt. Möchtest du einen Kreisel haben, der genau so aussieht, wie du ihn dir vorstellst? Wie man heute mit Computern und 3D Druckern einen Kreisel entstehen lassen kann, zeigen euch Ulrich Göpfert und Michael Kneidl. Wenn du wissen willst, wie Konstrukteure und Designer arbeiten und wie erste Modelle schnell hergestellt werden können, dann komm zur KINDERUNI VORARLBERG an die FHV. Hier werden wir dir zeigen, wie ein Kreisel gebaut wird und wie man von einer Idee zu einem reellen Objekt kommt.

Hölderlin. Eine Winterreise Anfang Dezember 1801 machte sich Friedrich Hölderlin von Nürtingen auf nach Bordeaux. Die Winterreise sollte zum Wendepunkt in seinem Leben und Schreiben werden. Anfang Dezember 2007 folgte Thomas Knubben der Route Hölderlins. In seinem Buch „Hölderlin. Eine Winterreise“ bewegt er sich zwischen Hölderlins Reise, seiner eigenen Winterwanderung und bezieht auch die Kulturgeschichte der vielen anderen Winterreisen von Wilhelm Müller, Franz Schubert oder Richard Long mit ein. Die Buchillustration für „Hölderlin. Eine Winterreise“ stammt von Prof. (FH) Dipl. Des. Claudio Hils, Hochschullehrer für Fotografie an der FHV. Für die Musikalische Umrahmung der Lesung sorgt Susanne Hinkelbein.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Prävalenz des felinen Herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), des felinen Calicivirus (FCV), von Chlamydophila felis (C. felis) und von Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) in Mehrkatzenhaushalten (>= 5 Katzen) zu bestimmen. Es sollten Faktoren untersucht werden, die Einfluss auf die Prävalenz der Erreger haben. Zudem wurden Mehrkatzenhaushalte in denen Katzenschnupfen auftrat mit „gesunden“ Beständen verglichen und die Faktoren ermittelt, in denen sich die Bestände unterschieden. Der Nachweis von FHV-1, FCV und C. felis erfolgte mittels multiplex real-time Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). Zur Ermittlung der B.-bronchispetica-Prävalenz wurde ein Antikörpernachweis mittels enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) durchgeführt. Die Prävalenz in Beständen mit respiratorischen Problemen lag für FHV-1 bei 18,3 %, für FCV bei 57,6 % und für C. felis bei 8,2 %. In Beständen ohne respiratorische Probleme lag die Prävalenz für FHV-1 bei 11,6 %, für FCV bei 49,3 % und für C. felis bei 2,9 %. Keiner der drei Erreger trat signifikant häufiger in Beständen auf, in denen Katzenschnupfen vorkam. Die Antikörperprävalenz von B. bronchiseptica war in Beständen mit und ohne respiratorische Probleme ähnlich hoch (39,0 % bzw. 44,4 %). Die Einflussfaktoren wurden mittels multivariabler logistischer Regression untersucht. Faktoren, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Nachweis des FHV-1 hatten, waren die Hygiene im Bestand sowie der Kontakt mit Hunden. Einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die FCV-Prävalenz hatten der Hygienestatus und die Anzahl der Katzen im Bestand. Auf die C.-felis-Prävalenz hatten die Hygiene und die Rasse der Katzen einen signifikanten Einfluss. Die B.-bronchiseptica-Antikörperprävalenz wurde vom Alter der Katzen und dem Bestandstyp signifikant beeinflusst. Beim Vergleich der Kontroll- und der Fallgruppe unterschieden sich nur der Anteil an männlichen Katzen und die Prävalenz von C. felis im Bestand signifikant. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, dass die Erreger des Katzenschnupfens, einschließlich B. bronchiseptica, trotz Impfprophylaxe weit verbreitetet sind. Von allen untersuchten Einflussfaktoren hat der Hygienestatus den größten Einfluss auf die Erregerprävalenz.

Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1)-infection, also known as feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is distributed world wide in the cat population, with a high incidence in colony cats (>70%). FHV-1 typically infects and replicates in epithelial tissue of the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva causing cytopathic lesions. The virus is recognized as one of the most important pathogens of feline upper respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis and keratitis in cats. Following primary infection over 80% of cats are unable to eliminate the virus and develop a carrier state, with intermittent episodes of virus shedding. During latency, the virus persists most often in the trigeminal ganglion and the disease can be reactivated following stress and corticosteroid therapy. Successful treatment, particularly of ocular manifestations associated with recrudescent infection such as dendritic ulcers remains difficult. Available antiviral drugs are virostatic and in particular, the systemic application is associated with severe toxic side effects. Human natural and recombinant interferons and feline interferons have been described in their use against a selection of feline and canine viruses (JAMESON and ESSEX, 1983; FULTON and BURGE, 1985; WEISS and TOIVIO-KINNUCAN, 1988; WEISS, 1989; WEISS and OOSTROM-RAM, 1990; TRUYEN et al., 2001). To date, only two in vitro studies indicate a potent antiviral activity of the recombinant FeIFN-ω against FHV-1 (MOCHIZUKI et al., 1994, TRUYEN et al., 2001). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of the recently available rFeIFN-ω (Virbagen®-ω) and the human rHuIFN-α2b (Intron®-A) on the replication of FHV-1 in vitro. A wider range of concentrations (100 U/ml – 500,000 U/ml) was studied than used in the previous studies (WEISS , 1989; MOCHIZUKI et al., 1994, TRUYEN et al., 2001) in order to repeat previously tested concentration and further, to determine whether the drugs have a dose-dependant response of antiviral activity and which concentration would be the most effective treatment. The species-specificity of type I interferons is well known and therefore, it was suggested that rFeIFN-ω would result in a more profound effect compared to the rHuIFN-α2b due to its homologous nature. In addition to cell and virus culture techniques, a methodology for the plaque reduction assay was established. Furthermore, for the first time antiviral efficacy for interferon was additionally measured by plaque size reductions and is reported in this study. An in vitro MTT-Assay was integrated in the experiment to exclude possible cytotoxic effects that could, in principle, contribute to the antiviral effects observed with either of the interferon treatments. For the plaque reduction assay, confluent monolayers of Crandell feline kidney (CRFK)-cells were grown in 24-well cell culture plates. Cells were treated with either rFeIFN-ω (Virbagen® Omega) or rHuIFN-α2b (Intron®-A) across a set of serial dilutions (100 U/ml - 500,000 U/ml). Cells were treated six hours before addition of FHV-1, concurrent with addition of FHV-1 and each drug concentration was added to the overlay medium (2X DMEM 1:1 with 1.6% Agarose). The treatments were performed in duplicates including virus controls, which received PBS instead of either one of the interferons and assays were performed on six occasions. Following incubation of 72 hrs, the cells were fixed with formalin, overlay plugs were discarded and the remaining cell layers were stained with crystal violet. Plaque numbers were counted under an inverted microscope and Plaque diameters were measured using a reticule. For the MTT-assay, 96-well culture plates were seeded with CRFK-cells. In each of the test wells (n=16) growth medium was supplemented with either rHuIFN-α2b or with rFeIFN-ω. Control wells (n=72) received growth medium with PBS instead of either one of the Interferons. Cell-death controls were treated with ethanol to obtain 100% cell death. After incubation, the medium was aspirated and replaced with medium containing the MTT-solution. Following another incubation period, the medium of each well was removed and replaced with a solubilization solution (0.1N HCL/Isopropanol). The plates were incubated for an additional five minutes to dissolve the crystals and the plates were read using a plate reader. The average optical densities were calculated for each dilution and compared with that of the positive control wells. A one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test were used for the statistical analysis of all experiments. A significant reduction of plaque numbers was observed for rFeIFN-ω at 100,000 U/ml with a plaque reduction of 54.7 % and at 500,000 U/ml with a plaque reduction of 59.8 %. Plaque sizes were significantly reduced by 47.5 % at 100,000 U/ml and by 81 % at 250,000 U/ml and 70.5% at 500,000 U/ml. Recombinant HuIFN-α2b treatment did not succeed to produce any significant plaque number reduction. However, significant plaque size reductions were observed following treatment with 100,000 U/ml, 250,000 U/ml and 500,000 U/ml with reductions of 56 %, 75.7% and 69% respectively. None of the high-dose treatments of either rHuIFN-α2b or rFeIFN-ω caused significant cellular toxicity in the MTT-Assay. Therefore, the antiviral activity demonstrated by both interferons is not attributable to an in vitro effect on the cellular viability of CRFK-cells. In agreement with previous authors, this study was able to demonstrated that rFeIFN-ω and rHuIFN-α2b have inhibitory effects on the replication of FHV-1. For rFeIFN-ω the antiviral effect is dose-dependent and could be reliably detected at high concentrations (> 50,000 U/ml) using both the plaque number and plaque size measurements. Treatment with high concentrations of rHuIFN-α2b also resulted in an antiviral effect, which was only detected at using the plaque size measure; there was no statistical evidence for a reduction in the plaque number measurement. The significantly smaller plaque sizes in drug–treated cell cultures indicate that high-dose treatment with rFeIFN-ω or rHuIFN-α2b may have potential efficacy on reducing the dimensions of FHV-1 induced cytopathic lesions. Treatment with rFeIFN-ω has shown more profound effects in antiviral activity compared to rHuIFN-α2b and, in contrast to rHuIFN-α2b, it also offers the advantage of a homologous compound. This is consistent with recently published results obtained on in vivo activity, which have demonstrated that high-dose treatment of rFeIFN-ω shows good antiviral efficacy and clinical improvement (VERNEUIL, 2004; BRAECKLEIN et al., 2003). Therefore, there are indications that rFeIFN-ω may provide effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for FHV-1 infected cats.