Podcasts about palomar observatory

Telescope domes are designed to keep the telescopes inside safe and on-target. But just because they’re practical doesn’t mean they can’t be beautiful. That’s especially true of some built in the 1930s. They were influenced by the design style that was all the rage – known today as art deco. The event that popularized art deco began 100 years ago this week – the International Exhibition of Decorative Arts and Modern Industries, in Paris. It was a showcase for French design in architecture, art, furniture, clothing, and other fields. Most countries participated. The only restriction: Everything had to be modern. The exhibition inspired a design wave across the United States. Popular examples include the Empire State Building and Chrysler Building in New York, along with trains, airplanes, cars, consumer goods, and more. Astronomy got into the act as well. The best-known example is Griffith Observatory, in Hollywood. Its domes and grounds have been featured in dozens of movies and TV shows. The domes of Palomar Observatory feature art-deco design as well, including the one that houses the 200-inch telescope – the largest in the world for decades. And no list is complete without our own McDonald Observatory. Its original dome was dedicated in 1939. It housed not only the observatory’s 82-inch telescope, but also labs, offices, and living space for the astronomers – all executed in beautiful art deco style. Script by Damond Benningfield

Dr. Richard Ellis has been a major part of astronomy since he was an undergrad in the 1960s when he served on committees for the creation of the Hubble Telescope. Since then, he has worked in observatories across the globe and published a book titled When Galaxies Were Born: The Quest for Cosmic Dawn, which explores the moment in the history of the universe when galaxies first emerged from darkness. In this episode Alan talks with Dr. Ellis about his experiences and what he hopes the future will bring for the field of astronomy. Dr. Richard Ellis is a professor of astrophysics at University College London where he studied before earning his doctorate at Oxford. His career includes roles at the University of Durham, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, Caltech, and the European Southern Observatory, and as director of the Palomar Observatory. He has received numerous awards, such as the Michael Faraday Gold Medal, the Royal Medal, and the Gruber Cosmology Prize. Dr. Ellis was also made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. His recent book is When Galaxies Were Born: The Quest for Cosmic Dawn.

Is there really a music of the spheres? And why is space so inspirational for creativity? To ponder these cosmic questions, Dr. Charles Liu and co-host Allen Liu welcome noted composer and pianist Bruce Lazarus.   As always, though, we start off with the day's joyfully cool cosmic thing, this time in honor of our guest: the fact that the movie “Oppenheimer” won the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Chuck mentions some other incredible musical scores, especially John William's soundtrack to “Star Wars.” Bruce points out that Williams also did the theme song and soundtrack to the 1960s TV series, “Lost In Space.” And of course, his soundtracks for “Jurassic Park,” “Raiders of the Lost Ark,” “E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,” and “Close Encounters of the Third Kind.”   Bruce has composed many musical pieces inspired by and about the cosmos, including “Musical Explorations of Messier Star Clusters and Nebulae” and “Starry Messenger.”   He talks about how the early U.S. space program and the Mercury 7, and the U.S. World's Fair in 1964 inspired him. And while he got away from space-themed music for a while after his time at Juilliard in the 1970s, Bruce estimates that about two thirds of his work over the last 20 years has been astronomy themed. He talks about being inspired by other musical works, from science fiction movie soundtracks like “Arrival” to a few classical pieces like “Colors of the Celestial City” and “Visions from Beyond” by Olivier Messiaen.   For our first student question, Ariella asks, “Is there really a music of the spheres?” To answer, Bruce quotes the 5th Century Roman philosopher Boethius, who wrote about how everything is vibrating, so everything has sound. We then listen to a portion of Bruce Lazarus's piece, “Boethius Said.” Allen talks about how many aspects of our existence involve vibration and sound while Chuck brings up the Cosmic Microwave Background and Gravitational Wave Background.   Bruce talks about his cycle of 14 pieces for the solo piano inspired by the most commonly referenced Hubble images of the celestial objects found in the Messier Catalog (not to be confused with Messiaen), including Andromeda Galaxy (M31), Ring Nebula (M57), Eagle Nebula (M16), Sombrero Galaxy (M104), and the Pleiades (M45).   Our next student question comes from Gino, who asks, “Did you ever want to be a scientist before you became a composer?” Bruce explains that he's always liked building things, so he began building music the way he'd built model airplanes, and at 14 years old decided he wanted to be a composer and also focused on the piano, for both composing and making money! The trio ends up discussing the original “Tron” – and believe it or not, it's Bruce who brings it up, not our Geek-in-Chief Chuck!   Our last student question comes from Wally, who asks, “Why is space the most inspirational thing to you when writing music?” Bruce describes how space has been a large part of his life for as long as he can remember. He talks about the Veil Nebula, and why he didn't include it in his Messier cycle. He also shares his experience watching the April 8, 2024 total solar eclipse, and how the reality of seeing it with his own eyes impacted him unexpectedly.   If you'd like to know more about Bruce, you can visit his website at www.brucelazaruscomposer.com.   We hope you enjoy this episode of The LIUniverse, and, if you do, please support us on Patreon.   Credits for Images Used in this Episode: – NASA's first astronauts, the “Mercury 7” – NASA, Public Domain – Olivier Messiaen – Dutch National Archives, Public Domain – Andromeda Galaxy (M31) – Kees Scherer, Public Domain – Ring Nebula (M57) – NASA, ESA, and C. Robert O'Dell, Public Domain – Eagle Nebula (M16) – NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), Public Domain – Sombrero Galaxy (M104) – NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), Public Domain – Pleiades (M45) – NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Palomar Observatory, Public Domain – Crab Nebula (M1) – NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll, Public Domain – Veil Nebula –  Giuseppe Donatiello – The April 8 2024 Total Solar Eclipse – NASA Headquarters / NASA/Keegan Barber   Credits for Music Used in this Episode: – “Boethius Said”; Original Lyrics by Boethius, Music & Lyrics by Bruce Lazarus, performed by Cantabile Chamber Chorale, Directed by Rebecca Scott. Used with permission from Bruce Lazarus. – “M1 Crab Nebula” from “Musical Explorations of the Messier Catalogue of Star Clusters and Nebulae.” Composed and performed by Bruce Lazarus. Used with permission from Bruce Lazarus.   #TheLIUniverse #CharlesLiu #AllenLiu #SciencePodcast #AstronomyPodcast  #BruceLazarus #MusicoftheSpheres #CharlesMessier #MessierCatalog #Boethius #BoethiusSaid #MusicalExplorationsoftheMessierCatalogue #StarClusters #Nebulae #ColorsoftheCelestialCity #OlivierMessiaen #CelestialObjects #HubbleSpaceTelescope #SolarEclipse

There was something odd about the Cat's Eye Nebula — a colorful bubble of gas blown by a dying star. Parts of the nebula have a greenish color. For decades, astronomers thought that glow was produced by a new chemical element. They called it nebulium. An astronomer born 125 years ago today proved otherwise. Ira Sprague Bowen found that the green glow is produced not by a new element, but by a never-before-seen form of a common element: oxygen. The oxygen is “doubly ionized” — radiation from the star zaps the atoms, stripping away two of their electrons. Since Bowen's discovery, it's been found in the remains of many other dying stars. Bowen specialized in studying the chemical elements — first in the lab, and later, in the stars and their remnants. He started his work at the University of Chicago, then continued at Caltech. He became director of the university's Mount Wilson Observatory, and the first director of its new Palomar Observatory. He held the posts until he retired, in 1964. He died in 1973, at age 74. The Cat's Eye Nebula is several thousand light-years away, in Draco, the dragon. The nebula is in the north-northwest at nightfall. It continues to expand, as the dying star dumps 20 trillion tons of gas into space every second. That includes oxygen atoms that the star will then zap — creating the green glow once thought of as a new chemical element.  Script by Damond Benningfield Support McDonald Observatory

In the vast expanse of the universe, a mysterious cosmic symphony plays out, captivating our senses and challenging our understanding. But what if I told you that this symphony has a twist, an unexpected turn that leaves even the most seasoned astronomers in awe? Imagine, just when we thought we had it all figured out, we discovered that these enigmatic fast radio bursts are not just coming from one place, but from all corners of the cosmos. Brace yourselves, my fellow astrophysics enthusiasts, for the dispersion phenomenon in FRB radiation holds secrets that will unravel the very fabric of our understanding. And as we delve deeper into this cosmic riddle, prepare for a revelation that will leave your mind racing, wondering what lies beyond the reach of our current technology.In this episode of the Space Nuts podcast, you'll join host Andrew Dunkley and astronomer Professor Fred Watson as they dive into an intriguing topic in the field of extragalactic astronomy. They discuss the fascinating dispersion phenomenon in fast radio burst (FRB) radiation and its implications for our understanding of the universe. You'll learn about the discovery of a distant FRB, FRB 202-2610 A, which turned out to be the most distant ever detected. The researchers also observed a dispersion phenomenon in the burst, where higher frequency waves arrived slightly before lower frequency waves. This discovery sheds light on the interaction between FRB radiation and electrons in the universe, providing valuable insights into the matter distribution in the cosmos. The conversation delves into the missing matter in the universe and the potential hiding places for this elusive substance. So, if you're an astrophysics student or researcher interested in extragalactic phenomena, this episode of Space Nuts is a must-listen. Get ready to expand your knowledge and explore the mysteries of the universe with Andrew and Fred.In this episode, you will be able to: · Discover the fascinating world of distant fast radio bursts (FRBs) and unravel their mysterious origins. · Gain a deeper understanding of the dispersion phenomenon in FRB radiation, shedding light on how these signals travel through space. · Explore the mystery of missing matter in the universe and uncover the hidden secrets of our cosmic neighborhood. · Uncover the potential artifacts and errors that can occur in astronomical observations, ensuring the accuracy of your research and data. · Join the Space Nuts podcast as they delve into episode 376, where they unravel the wonders of the cosmos and share their contagious enthusiasm for astrophysics. The discovery of the dispersion phenomenon in fast radio bursts opens up a whole new world of possibilities for studying the structure of the universe. - Andrew Dunkley Understanding FRB Dispersion One crucial aspect of FRB research is comprehending the dispersion phenomenon, where high-frequency radio waves arrive slightly ahead of their lower-frequency counterparts. This compelling property, initially demonstrated by Jean-Pierre Macquart, shows that the dispersion of FRB radiation correlates with the distance covered. This novel insight not only deepens our grasp of FRBs but also elucidates the interaction between FRB radiation and electrons across the universe. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit the ESO website (eso.org) and search for the article titled Astronomers Detect Most Distant Fast Radio Burst to Date to read more about the discovery. · Check out the Palomar Observatory website to learn more about the telescope and its history. · Follow Avi LERB, director of the Harvard Smithsonian Institute for Astronomy, for updates on his research and speculations about signals of artificial origin. · Keep an eye out for future studies and breakthroughs in the field of fast radio bursts to stay informed about the latest developments. · Explore the concept of the wow signal and its mysterious origins to satisfy your curiosity about unexplained astronomical phenomena. · Stay tuned to Space Nuts for more fascinating discussions and updates on the world of astronomy. · · Discover the fascinating world of distant fast radio bursts (FRBs) and unravel their mysterious origins. · Gain a deeper understanding of the dispersion phenomenon in FRB radiation, shedding light on how these signals travel through space. · Explore the mystery of missing matter in the universe and uncover the hidden secrets of our cosmic neighborhood. · Uncover the potential artifacts and errors that can occur in astronomical observations, ensuring the accuracy of your research and data. · Join the Space Nuts podcast as they delve into episode 376, where they unravel the wonders of the cosmos and share their contagious enthusiasm for astrophysics. The key moments in this episode are:00:01:28 - "Discovery of a Distant Fast Radio Burst" 00:06:54 - "The Dispersion Phenomenon of Fast Radio Bursts" 00:09:38 - "Missing Matter in the Universe" 00:10:21 - "Remembering Jean Pierre Macart" 00:18:13 - The Importance of Color in Studying Stars 00:19:22 - Possible Explanations for the Disappearing Stars 00:20:41 - The Possibility of Faulty Photographic Plates 00:24:08 - Evaluation of the Possible Explanations 00:25:15 - Artifacts and Misinterpretations in Astronomy 00:35:35 - The Challenges of Achieving Science Fiction Concepts 00:36:02 - Altitude Measurement on Other Planets 00:38:09 - Apogee and Perigee Heights 00:40:44 - X Spy Satellite Honeycomb Mirror 00:41:36 - Night Sky ComparisonsThis show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/2631155/advertisement

Giant new telescopes pop up like mushrooms these days — there's another one every year or two. And even bigger ones are on the way. But one telescope reigned supreme for almost three decades: the 200-inch at Palomar Observatory in southern California. It was dedicated 75 years ago today. At the ceremony, the president of Caltech, which operated the telescope, announced that it was being named for a pioneering astronomer... LEE DUBRIDGE: George Ellery Hale, who served as director of the Mount Wilson Observatory from 1904 to 1923, who originated the bold conception of the 200-inch telescope, and whose brilliant leadership made possible its design and construction. Hale had founded Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin, then moved to the clearer skies of California, where he founded Mount Wilson and built its 100-inch telescope — the largest in the world until the 200-inch came along. He also established a lab for studying the Sun. Hale kept pushing for bigger telescopes and better instruments, and got the funding for the 200-inch in the 1930s. Development problems and World War II delayed its completion until 1948 — a decade after Hale died. Since then, the telescope has made major contributions to every field of astronomy, from the planets of the solar system to distant galaxies and quasars. And although it's no longer the world's largest — it's barely in the top 20 — it's still busy every clear night, keeping a giant “eye” on the stars.  Script by Damond Benningfield Support McDonald Observatory

A green comet will appear again in Earth's sky for the first time in 50,000 years. The American space agency NASA says the comet's last visit came during Neanderthal times. It will come within 42 million kilometers of Earth on Wednesday before continuing on its path, unlikely to return for millions of years. Discovered less than a year ago, this green comet can be observed in the northern night sky with devices such as binoculars and telescopes. It is also possible to see with one's own eyes in the darkest corners of the Northern Hemisphere.一颗绿色彗星将在 5 万年来首次出现在地球天空中。美国宇航局表示，这颗彗星最后一次造访是在尼安德特人时代。它将在周三到达距地球 4200 万公里以内，然后继续前进，数百万年内不太可能返回。这颗绿色彗星被发现不到一年前，可以用双筒望远镜和天文望远镜等设备在北方夜空中观测到。在北半球最黑暗的角落也可以亲眼看到。The comet will be best seen in the early morning hours. It is expected to brighten as it comes closer and rises higher over the horizon through the end of January. By February 10, the comet will be near Mars. Viewers in the Southern Hemisphere will have to wait until next month to see it. Paul Chodas is director of the Center for Near Earth Object Studies at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.这颗彗星最好在清晨看到。到 1 月底，随着它越来越近并在地平线上上升得更高，预计它会变亮。到 2 月 10 日，这颗彗星将靠近火星。南半球的观众要等到下个月才能看到。保罗·乔达斯 (Paul Chodas) 是加利福尼亚州美国宇航局喷气推进实验室近地天体研究中心的主任。Chodas said that while several comets have appeared in the sky over the past year, “this one seems probably a little bit bigger and therefore a little bit brighter and it's coming a little bit closer to the Earth's orbit." The comet was discovered last March by researchers using the Zwicky Transient Facility, a special camera at Caltech's Palomar Observatory. That explains its official, difficult name: comet C/2022 E3 (ZTF). On Wednesday, the comet will pass between the orbits of Earth and Mars at a relative speed of 207,000 kilometers. Its nucleus, or center, is thought to be about 1.6 kilometers across, with its tails extending millions of kilometers.Chodas 说，虽然过去一年天空中出现了几颗彗星，但“这颗彗星看起来可能更大一点，因此也更亮一点，而且它离地球轨道也更近了一点。”这颗彗星于去年三月被发现由研究人员使用加州理工学院帕洛玛天文台的特殊相机 Zwicky Transient Facility 拍摄。这解释了它的官方名称：彗星 C/2022 E3 (ZTF)。周三，这颗彗星将在地球和火星轨道之间以相对速度为 207,000 公里。它的核或中心被认为大约有 1.6 公里宽，其尾部延伸数百万公里。The comet is not expected to be nearly as bright as Neowise in 2020, or Hale-Bopp in the mid to late 1990s. Karen Meech of the University of Hawaii said in an email to the Associated Press that the comet “will be bright by virtue of its close Earth passage ... which allows scientists to do more experiments and the public to be able to see a beautiful comet.” Scientists are confident in their calculations, putting the comet's last pass through the solar system at 50,000 years ago. However, they do not know how close it came to Earth or whether it was even visible to the Neanderthals, said Chodas.预计这颗彗星不会像 2020 年的 Neowise 或 1990 年代中后期的海尔波普那样明亮。夏威夷大学的卡伦·米奇在给美联社的一封电子邮件中说，这颗彗星“将因其接近地球的通道而变得明亮……这让科学家们可以做更多的实验，让公众能够看到一颗美丽的彗星”科学家们对他们的计算充满信心，认为这颗彗星最后一次穿过太阳系是在 5 万年前。然而，他们不知道它离地球有多近，也不知道尼安德特人是否能看到它，Chodas 说。When the comet returns, though, is more difficult to estimate. Every time the comet passes the sun and planets, their gravitational pulls change the comet's path by small amounts. However, these small effects lead to major path changes over time. There is another source of measurement difficulty. Large amounts of dust and gas come off the comet as it heats up near the sun. “We don't really know exactly how much they are pushing this comet around,” Chodas explained.然而，彗星返回的时间更难估计。每次彗星经过太阳和行星时，它们的引力都会稍微改变彗星的路径。然而，随着时间的推移，这些小的影响会导致主要的路径变化。还有另一个测量困难的来源。当彗星在太阳附近升温时，大量的尘埃和气体从彗星上脱落。 “我们真的不知道他们到底在多大程度上推动了这颗彗星，”乔达斯解释道。The comet — an ancient object produced from the emerging solar system 4.5 billion years ago — came from what is known as the Oort Cloud well beyond Pluto. This area is believed to extend more than one-quarter of the way to the next star. While comet ZTF began in our solar system, we cannot be sure it will stay there, Chodas said. If it gets sent out of the solar system, it will never return, he added. However, you should not worry if you miss it. “In the comet business, you just wait for the next one because there are dozens of these,” Chodas said. “And the next one might be bigger, might be brighter, might be closer.”这颗彗星是 45 亿年前新兴太阳系产生的古老物体，它来自远在冥王星之外的所谓奥尔特云。据信，该区域延伸到下一颗恒星的路径超过四分之一。 Chodas 说，虽然 ZTF 彗星开始出现在我们的太阳系中，但我们不能确定它会留在那里。他补充说，如果它被送出太阳系，它将永远不会返回。但是，如果您错过了，也不用担心。 “在彗星业务中，你只需等待下一个，因为有几十个这样的彗星，”Chodas 说。 “下一个可能更大，可能更亮，可能更近。”

"What could it be? There was no balloon and there were no aeronauts. Some strange phenomenon had occurred in the higher zones of the atmosphere, a phenomenon of which neither the nature nor the cause could be explained. Today it appeared over America . . . ." Tonight we take a look at the life of George Ellery Hale, pioneering astronomer and the father of Palomar Observatory . . . where the mysterious new green comet was discovered, only 11 months ago and visible in the skies this week. Thanks much to our supporters on Patreon for keeping this radio show & podcast on the air!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Some of the stars may be missing. And one project is trying to find out what happened to them, while also finding more stars that have suddenly vanished or appeared. VASCO compares large surveys of the sky that were conducted decades apart. The earliest was compiled at Palomar Observatory in California in the 1950s. The survey was done with photographic plates, which have since been digitized. More-recent surveys use electronic detectors, which can see fainter objects. So anything that showed up on the Palomar plates should also show up in the later observations. VASCO has turned up quite a few objects in the early pictures that don't show up today. Researchers have ruled out flaws in the original plates and many other possible explanations. They're left with the idea that these objects have simply vanished. And that's hard to explain. Stars change slowly, so most changes in brightness are gradual. Some do change over short periods, but modern surveys should easily see any variable stars that were on the original plates. Some stars could vanish — massive stars that collapse to form black holes without blasting away their outer layers. But such events are quite rare, so they can't account for the missing stars. Researchers say it's possible that the disappearing stars were lasers beamed into space by other civilizations. But it's more likely that they're seeing an undiscovered natural way that stars might go missing.  Script by Damond Benningfield Support McDonald Observatory

You may have mistaken them for the Little Dipper - a small little bluish-white cluster of stars that look like a cart, a plough, or to some even a question mark. It is the asterism (stars that are not a constellation but a smaller group of stars within a larger constellation) of Taurus the Bull, visible in the early fall mornings and clear wintry nights.  Poems, stories, songs and myths surround this beauteous gem of the night skies. A Japanese auto manufacturer even features them as their main logo. The nineteenth-century English poet Alfred Lloyd Tennyson penned these famous lines about them:  Many a night I saw the Pleiades rising thro' the mellow shade, Glittering like a swarm of fireflies, tangled in a silver braid. They have been useful to many cultures for keeping time, knowing directions, and as an aid in knowing when to plant and harvest crops. They are recorded in the Old Testament, and in the ancient Greek poetry of Homer, Hesiod, and Aratus. They are M-45 in the famous catalogue of 18th-century astronomer Charles Messier.  Just as Jesus intended them to be.  And, by the way, all of that is just a sampling of how the heavens do indeed declare the glory of God!  So come along with Wayne and Dan as they explore the wonder, stories, and science behind an ancient and wondrous little cluster of stars we call the Pleiades. To see a great picture of the Pleiades and read more see Wayne's Blog article below: https://creationanswers.net/answersblog Podbean enables our podcast to be on Apple Podcasts and other major podcast platforms.  To support Good Heavens! on Podbean as a patron, you can use the Podbean app, or go to https://patron.podbean.com/goodheavens.  This goes to Wayne Spencer. If you would like to give to the ministry of Watchman Fellowship or to Daniel Ray, you can donate at https://www.watchman.org/daniel. Donations to Watchman are tax deductible. Photo credit:  NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Palomar Observatory

Mark Peiser: The Moving Target of Perfection Since 1967 when Mark Peiser became involved with the Studio Glass Movement, he has been recognized for his uniquely individualized approaches and accomplishments in glass. Continual investigation of the expressive implications of glass properties and processes has led to his distinctive bodies of work. Recently Peiser published the book, Thirty-Eight Pieces of Glass – with Related Thoughts, pairing his glass with brief writings of resonance.  To quote from the preface: “Since I began with glass 50 years ago, I've received countless questions asking, basically, what's it about? In that discussion I've tried to answer honestly and completely but I've always felt to have fallen short – short of the words and short of the voice that would say them. When I started to assemble this book, I began feeling much more truthful and satisfying answers to that question. I hope you will, too. That these selections sorted out into something of an abridged life story was a bit of a surprise to me. It shouldn't have been. All along I've said my work has been about my feelings and experiences and, over many years, what else is a life?”  Peiser, an internationally known glass artist, was born in Chicago in 1938. After studying electrical engineering at Purdue University (Lafayette, Indiana, 1955-1957), he received a Bachelor of Science in Design from Illinois Institute of Technology (Chicago, Illinois, 1961). Peiser studied piano and composition at DePaul University School of Music (Chicago, Illinois, 1965-1967) before attending Penland School of Crafts (Penland, North Carolina) in 1967. After five weeks of glass classes, he became the first resident craftsman in glass at the school. Peiser is a founder of the Glass Art Society, of which he is now an honorary member, and a leading presence in the Studio Glass Movement. Inducted into the College of Fellows of the American Craft Council in 1988, Peiser received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Art Alliance for Contemporary Glass in 2004, the North Carolina Governor's Award in 2009, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Glass Art Society in 2010 and the North Carolina Living Treasure Award in 2011, among others. He has exhibited worldwide and is in many public and private collections including the Asheville Art Museum, the Chrysler Museum of Art, The Corning Museum of Glass, the Glassmuseum Ebeltoft, the Lucerne Museum of Art, the Milwaukee Art Museum, The Museum of Art and Design, the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, the Toledo Museum of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Tokyo Museum of Modern Art, among others. By challenging established formulas and techniques throughout his career, Peiser has created and combined new and unusual colors in his glass sculptures. This approach to glass is radical as he has literally invented new glasses in order to pursue an idea through to creation. In 2009, a special glass formulation was created by melting opal glasses for his Palomar series of sculptures that pay homage to Corning Glass Works' famous 200-inch Disk, the telescope mirror cast in 1934 for the Mt. Palomar Observatory in California. Currently, Peiser is working on the Marko Blanko Project to develop a specialty glass for filigrana. Peiser's work highlights include: EARLY WORKS  1967 – 1977 Develops blowing skills, designs and builds various furnaces and equipment, develops formulations for crystal, various opal and luster glasses. Produces iridescent miniatures, gather pots, flower forms, spaghetti bowls, copper core vessels, opaque geometric and image vessels. PAPERWEIGHT VASES (PWV) 1975 – 1981 Introduces and develops torch working techniques for furnace blown work allowing more detailed imagery and perspective. Produces Paperweight Vases portraying natural subjects and landscapes, urban views and abstract imagery related to the vessel form. INNERSPACE (IS) 1983 – 1994 Develops graphite molding process and casting glasses. Makes compound cast glass pieces that compose the internal volume of solid transparent forms. Produces Innerspace series including Ascensions, Hands, Light Beams, Moons, Mountain Skyscapes, Muses, Planets and Polychrome Progressions. FORMS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (FOC) 1994 – 2004 Develops bottom pour casting furnace, casting and mold techniques, and glass formulae allowing larger scale work representing psychological conditions. CONTRITION SECOND STUDY (CSS) 2000 – 2004 Produces a limited edition of 50 as a learning experience to formulate and develop casting process for controlled translucency in sculptural glass. COLDSTREAM CASTING (CSC) 2001 – 2007 A creative use of my bottom pour furnace. My most fun in a glass shop since 1969. View videos of the Coldstream Casting process on You Tube by searching Mark Peiser. PALOMAR  2008 – 2012 Develops vermiculite molding process. Produces Palomar series as a tribute to the accomplishment of the Palomar Mirror in 1934. For more about the Palomar series and the transition to the Passage and Etudes Tableau, search You Tube for Mark Peiser's Corning Museum of Glass talk.  PASSAGES AND ETUDES TABLEAU  2012 – PRESENT Refines formulation and heat treatment of light scattering glasses. Produces work whose subject is light. Now, more than a half century later, Peiser's name is synonymous with invention and precision. He conveyed to ToYG podcast: “Most of my earliest memories are of making things. I seem to have a knack for seeing how things work, how things go together, and how to make it. If I have a gift, that's it. “When I was in design school, I became concerned with the essence of quality. Read some books and papers, sat through some lectures, and developed a somewhat subconscious but deep commitment for my life's efforts. Later working in industry, design and advertising it was difficult to impossible to implement quality. At my level it was irrelevant and deeply unsatisfying. When I happened into Penland and the beginning of the Studio Glass Movement, the control offered by the notion of a one-man glass studio seemed an avenue that could lead to quality. I've done my best to hold to that path throughout my career. All in all, I've been successfully self- employed for 57 years. As we all hope, with the rest of life, I did the best I could at the time. But unlike the rest of life, I could disappear a bad piece like it never happened.  “Being an artist is not just another job. It's a commitment.”  

Astronomer and author Linda Schweizer talks about her comprehensive new history of Palomar Observatory --- “Cosmic Odyssey:  How Intrepid Astronomers At Palomar Observatory Changed Our View of the Universe” from MIT Press.  We focus on Palomar’s early 20th century construction and history.  Schweizer is an expert on every aspect of the observatory; its history, and its many astronomical discoveries. 

Astronomer Linda Schweizer spent countless hours interviewing the explorers who revolutionized astronomy through observations made at California’s Palomar Observatory. She tells their fascinating stories and shares their science in her new book Cosmic Odyssey: How Intrepid Astronomers at Palomar Observatory Changed our View of the Universe. Attention space poets! You might win a Planetfest ’21 t-shirt as Mat and Bruce invite your best efforts in the new What’s Up contest. Hey, it could be verse! There’s more to discover, including a link to Planetfest ’21, at https://www.planetary.org/planetary-radio/0203-2021-linda-schweizer-cosmic-odyssey See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Welcome back to La Cresta life. Today, we're in Tenaja. So we're here in Tenaja. I'm breaking Tenaja up into two parts. This side is the southern side and it overlooks San Diego County and you can actually see the ocean which we'll do in a minute. So what I want to talks about are these rocks. It does not percolate the water doesn't permeates through it and therefore water stands on the top and it's only open for evaporation. So it's a very tricky build up here. You got to really know what you're doing and you got to learn to navigate this train and some of their habitats restriction better up here. We've got some endangered species. But all in all we got beautiful sight. It's the farthest out of all of the association's that pure again. We're on the Oceanside today next time. We're going to be on the more we're Seaside the valley side, but you're going to love some of these keys wait till you see them. If you refer to the map if you can find out my website, you'll see if we kind of all back around on to this ecological reserve. What you're seeing the background in one of the other episodes is 9,000 Acres total and and that's never to be built on in this direction over here. Where a hop skip and a jump from San Diego County. So that's going to lead you into Fallbrook through an area called you lose which is also a farming community. And then over here in a minute is the ocean. I don't think we're going to see the ocean today. I think what we're going to see is a cloud layer because guess what that's what happens on the coast out here to Sunshine's everyday even in the morning. Well, when you have it all roads lead to Wine, it's yet another Winery up here again, we're still in that area where there's no commercials. That was not going to be a commercial public beach near him. It's for private event on late and another example of growing their own grapes and doing a state route. Now as promised the view. Overlooking San Diego County is Mount Palomar where you'll find the Palomar Observatory. Palomar Observatory with the largest observatory in the world for 30 years, and that's where they spot Halley's comet. Signing off from Tenaja, take a last look at San Diego county is Pacific Ocean Orange County in the distance. In the next episode a little more horse shoe there should grab your boots and thanks for visiting us on La Cresta Life.

Astronomer Linda Schweizer discusses the history of California's Palomar Observatory, the subject of her new book Cosmic Odyssey. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Astronomer Linda Schweizer discusses the history of California's Palomar Observatory, the subject of her new book Cosmic Odyssey. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Bayesian analysis of the astrobiological implications of life’s early emergence on Earth, A Possible Spectroscopic Biosignature of Extraterrestrial Plants, and Characterization of extrasolar terrestrial planets from diurnal photometric variability Prof. Edwin Turner is a Professor of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University. He also serves as Co-Chair of the NAOJ-Princeton Astrophysics Collaboration Council (N-PACC). He has carried out extensive astronomical observations at Mt. Palomar Observatory, Kitt Peak National Observatory, NRAO's Very Large Array, Apache Point Observatory, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan’s Subaru Telescope, and with the Hubble Space Telescope. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/scientificsense/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/scientificsense/support

The Nerds Amalgamated fishing trip is coming up, and we'll be going to Pluto for some ice fishing. Could Pluto have underground oceans with alien fish, and will they taste good with chips? Unfortunately it'll take a really long time to get there to find out. Maybe we'll have FTL by the next fishing trip.Metal Slug is back, again. SNK have plans to make some new Metal Slug games and not just work on porting the old ones to new consoles.The Huni Kuin tribe of Brazil have become some of the most primitive game developers in the world. Working with a team of anthropologists to preserve their tribal stories in the form of a video game.Cyberpunk 2077 is getting an Anime. The resident weebs are excited. Cross another one off on your Cyberpunk 2077 media bingo card.Billion year old plutonian ocean- https://astronomy.com/news/2020/06/pluto-has-likely-maintained-an-underground-liquid-ocean-for-billions-of-yearsMetal Slug announcements- https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2020-06-27-brand-new-metal-slug-game-announcedReverse game archaeology: Huni Kuin- http://www.gamehunikuin.com.br/en/abouthk/- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5m88A4oRHo- https://chacruna.net/huni-kuin-game-an-anthropological-adventure/Cyberpunk 2077 anime coming to Netflix- https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-06-25/trigger-announces-cyberpunk-edgerunners-anime-for-netflix-debut-in-2022/.161084Games PlayedProfessor– Outer Wilds - https://store.steampowered.com/app/753640/Outer_Wilds/Rating: 3.75/5Deviboy– Half-Life: Alyx - https://store.steampowered.com/app/546560/HalfLife_Alyx/Rating: TBADJ– Valorant - https://playvalorant.com/en-us/Rating: 3/5Other topics discussedOculus Quest: All-in-One VR Headset- https://www.oculus.com/quest/?locale=en_USOculus Quest All-in-one VR Gaming Headset – 64GB at Amazon Australia cost $649- https://www.amazon.com.au/Oculus-Quest-All-Gaming-Headset/dp/B07QY3M3Q4/ref=asc_df_B07QY3M3Q4/?tag=googleshopdsk-22&linkCode=df0&hvadid=341774504578&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9879915795311276137&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=1000339&hvtargid=pla-765852518281&psc=1SteamVR (SteamVR is the ultimate tool for experiencing VR content on the hardware of your choice. SteamVR supports the Valve Index, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Windows Mixed Reality headsets, and others.)- https://store.steampowered.com/steamvrHalf-Life : Alyx (2020 virtual reality (VR) first-person shooter developed and published by Valve. Between the events of Half-Life (1998) and Half-Life 2 (2004), players control Alyx Vance on a mission to seize a superweapon belonging to the alien Combine.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-Life:_Alyx- https://www.half-life.com/en/alyx/- https://store.steampowered.com/app/546560/HalfLife_Alyx/Why is Pluto no longer a planet?- https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/why-is-pluto-no-longer-a-planet/Solar maximum (Solar maximum or solar max is a regular period of greatest Sun activity during the 11-year solar cycle. During solar maximum, large numbers of sunspots appear, and the solar irradiance output grows by about 0.07%)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_maximumSolar cycle (The solar cycle or solar magnetic activity cycle is a nearly periodic 11-year change in the Sun's activity measured in terms of variations in the number of observed sunspots on the solar surface. Levels of solar radiation and ejection of solar material, the number and size of sunspots, solar flares, and coronal loops all exhibit a synchronized fluctuation, from active to quiet to active again, with a period of 11 years.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cycleGunter (Gunter is the penguin that most commonly accompanies the Ice King. In truth, Gunter is the primordial cosmic entity known as Orgalorg and feared as the Breaker of Worlds.)- https://adventuretime.fandom.com/wiki/GunterTom Scott - We Sent Garlic Bread to the Edge of Space, Then Ate It- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8W-auqg024Tom Scott (British YouTuber, game show host and web developer. Scott is best known for producing online videos for his eponymous YouTube channel, which mainly comprises educational videos across a range of topics including history,science,technology, and linguistics.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Scott_(entertainer)SNK (SNK Corporation is a Japanese video game hardware and software company. It is the successor to the company Shin Nihon Kikaku and presently owns the SNK video game brand and the Neo Geo video game platform. Classic SNK franchises include Metal Slug, Samurai Shodown, and The King of Fighters.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNKMetal Slug (Metal Slug is a series of run and gun video games originally created by Nazca Corporation before merging with SNK in 1996 after the completion of the first game in the series. Spin-off games include a third-person shooter to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the series and a tower defense game for the mobile platform.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_SlugThe King of Fighters (The King of Fighters (KOF) is a series of fighting games by SNK that began with the release of The King of Fighters '94 in 1994. The series was developed originally for SNK's Neo Geo MVS arcade hardware. This served as the main platform for the series until 2004 when SNK retired it in favor of the Atomiswave arcade board.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King_of_FightersMetal Slug X (An upgraded version of Metal Slug 2, titled Metal Slug X, was released in March 1999 for the Neo Geo MVS. The game used a modified version of the engine from Metal Slug 3, which eliminated the slowdown problems of the original.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Slug_2#Metal_Slug_XMetal Slug Touch (Metal Slug Touch is a Metal Slug game released in 2009 for iPhones. It is completely controlled only by using the touchscreen and shaking the device.)- https://metalslug.fandom.com/wiki/Metal_Slug_TouchMetal Slug Defense (Metal Slug Defense is a tower defense game created by SNK Playmore for iOS and Android mobile devices.)- https://metalslug.fandom.com/wiki/Metal_Slug_DefenseMetal Slug Attack (Metal Slug Attack, is a tower defense game created by SNK Playmore for iOS and Android mobile devices. The game itself is a sequel to Metal Slug Defense, featuring numerous improvements and brand new game modes.)- https://metalslug.fandom.com/wiki/Metal_Slug_AttackUniversal Entertainment (Universal Entertainment Corporation, formerly known as Aruze Corporation is a Japanese manufacturer of pachinko,slot machines,arcade games and other gaming products, and a publisher of video games. In 2000, Aruze bought out SNK Corporation, maker of the Neo-Geo. In exchange for the use of SNK's popular characters on their pachinko and slot machines, and a few games for the Neo-Geo, Aruze promised financial backing for the failing SNK.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_EntertainmentNeo Geo Pocket Colour (The Neo Geo Pocket Color, is a 16-bit color handheld video game console manufactured by SNK. It is a successor to SNK's monochrome Neo Geo Pocket handheld which debuted in 1998 in Japan, with the Color being fully backward compatible.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_Geo_Pocket_ColorVirtual Console (Virtual Console also abbreviated as VC, is a line of downloadable video games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console. Virtual Console's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super NES, Game Boy,Game Boy Color, Nintendo 64, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS, as well as Sega's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive, NEC's TurboGrafx-16, and SNK's Neo Geo AES. )- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_ConsoleThe King of Fighters XIII (The King of Fighters XIII is a fighting game in The King of Fighters series, developed and published by SNK Playmore originally in 2010.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_King_of_Fighters_XIIIThe King of Fighters XII (In an interview with Fighters Front Line, Producer Masaaki Kukino replies that each character took 16~17 months to complete with a team of 10 different designers.)- https://snk.fandom.com/wiki/The_King_of_Fighters_XII#DevelopmentVirtual Songlines (Bilbie Virtual Labs is continuously pushing the frontier on innovation in our Virtual Songlines development.)- https://www.virtualsonglines.org/Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice (Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice is a dark fantasy action-adventure game developed and published by the British video game development studio Ninja Theory. Inspired by Norse mythology and Celtic culture, the game follows Senua, a Pict warrior who must make her way to Helheim by defeating otherworldly entities and facing their challenges, in order to rescue the soul of her dead lover from the goddess Hela.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellblade:_Senua%27s_SacrificeNeuromancer (Neuromancer is a 1984 science fiction novel by American-Canadian writer William Gibson. It is one of the best-known works in the cyberpunk genre and the first novel to win the Nebula Award, the Philip K. Dick Award, and the Hugo Award. Set in the future, the novel follows Henry Case, a washed-up computer hacker who is hired for one last job, which brings him up against a powerful artificial intelligence.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeuromancerBlade Runner (Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young and Edward James Olmos, it is loosely based on Philip K. Dick's novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_RunnerRendezvous with Rama (Rendezvous with Rama is a science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke first published in 1973. Set in the 2130s, the story involves a cylindrical alien starship that enters the Solar System. The story is told from the point of view of a group of human explorers who intercept the ship in an attempt to unlock its mysteries.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendezvous_with_RamaNo Man’s Sky (No Man's Sky is an exploration survival game developed and published by the indie studio Hello Games. It was released worldwide for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows in August 2016, and for Xbox One in July 2018. The game is built around four pillars: exploration, survival, combat, and trading. Players are free to perform within the entirety of a procedurally generated deterministic open world universe, which includes over 18 quintillion planets.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Man%27s_SkyAlien 3 (Alien 3 (stylized as ALIEN³) is a 1992 American science fiction horror film directed by David Fincher and written by David Giler, Walter Hill, and Larry Ferguson from a story by Vincent Ward. It stars Sigourney Weaver reprising her role as Ellen Ripley. It is the third installment of the Alien franchise.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_3Alien 3 wooden satellite (Ward envisioned a planet whose interior was both wooden and archaic in design, where Luddite-like monks would take refuge.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_3#Start-up_with_Vincent_WardMiasma theory (The miasma theory (also called the miasmatic theory) is an obsolete medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera,chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air. The theory held that epidemics were caused by miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter. Though miasma theory is typically associated with the spread of disease.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasma_theoryThe Simpsons : Apu Headbag of Ice- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe8jOp349P8Futurama : Global Warming- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SYpUSjSgFgThe Simpsons : Skinner and The Superintendent: Aurora Borealis (One of The funniest ever moments of The Simpsons)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1h8cHUnP9kAverage life expectancy in industrial and developing countries for those born in 2018, by gender (in years) (In 2018, the average life expectancy for those born in more developed countries was 76 years for males and 82 years for females. Globally, the life expectancy for males was 70 years, and 74 years for females.)- https://www.statista.com/statistics/274507/life-expectancy-in-industrial-and-developing-countries/Apple I computer now in the Powerhouse Museum is the major branch of the Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences (MAAS) in Sydney.- https://collection.maas.museum/object/397247- https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/499154595650600962/728216712675328020/1920px-Original_1976_Apple_1_Computer_In_A_Briefcase.pngWhile You Were Steeping (TNC podcast)- https://thatsnotcanon.com/whileyouweresteepingpodcast/Shout Outs26 June 2020 – Milton Glaser passes away at 91 - https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/26/obituaries/milton-glaser-dead.htmlMilton Glaser, a graphic designer who changed the vocabulary of American visual culture in the 1960s and ’70s with his brightly colored, extroverted posters, magazines, book covers and record sleeves, notably his 1967 poster of Bob Dylan with psychedelic hair and his “I NY” logo passed away. Mr. Glaser brought wit, whimsy, narrative and skilled drawing to commercial art at a time when advertising was dominated by the severe strictures of modernism on one hand and the cozy realism of magazines like The Saturday Evening Post on the other. His designs include the I Love New York logo, the psychedelic Bob Dylan poster, and the logos for DC Comics, Stony Brook University, and Brooklyn Brewery. In 1954, he also co-founded Push Pin Studios, co-founded New York magazine with Clay Felker, and established Milton Glaser, Inc. in 1974. His artwork has been featured in exhibits, and placed in permanent collections in many museums worldwide. “I NY,” his logo for a 1977 campaign to promote tourism in New York State, achieved even wider currency. Sketched on the back of an envelope with red crayon during a taxi ride, it was printed in black letters in a chubby typeface, with a cherry-red heart standing in for the word “love.” Almost immediately, the logo became an instantly recognized symbol of New York City, as recognizable as the Empire State Building or the Statue of Liberty. He died from stroke and renal failure in Manhattan, New York City.27 June 2020 – Charles Webb, Author of 'The Graduate' Novel, Dies at 81 - https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/charles-webb-dead-graduate-author-was-81-1300794Charles Webb, a lifelong non-conformist whose debut novel The Graduate was a deadpan satire of his college education and wealthy background adapted into the classic film of the same name, has passed away. Webb was only 24 when his most famous book was published, in 1963. The sparely written narrative was based closely on his years growing up comfortably in Southern California, his studies in history and literature at Williams College in Massachusetts and his disorienting return home. Webb's fictional counterpart, Benjamin Braddock, challenges the materialism of his parents, scorns the value of his schooling and has an affair with Mrs. Robinson, wife of his father's business partner and mother of the young woman with whom he falls in love, Elaine Robinson. His novel initially sold around 20,000 copies and was labeled a "fictional failure" by New York Times critic Orville Prescott. But it did appeal to Hollywood producer Lawrence Turman and the film company Embassy Pictures. The 1967 movie became a touchstone for the decade's rebellion even though Webb's story was set in an earlier era. Nichols' film, starring a then-little-known Dustin Hoffman as Braddock and Anne Bancroft as Mrs. Robinson, was an immediate sensation. Nichols won an Academy Award, Hoffman became an overnight star and the film is often ranked among the greatest, most quoted and talked about of all time. Webb's book went on to sell more than a 1 million copies, but he hardly benefited from the film, for which he received just $20,000. The script, much of it by Buck Henry, was so widely praised that few realized how faithful it was to Webb, including Benjamin's famous line, "Mrs. Robinson, you're trying to seduce me. Aren't you?" He died from a blood condition inEastbourne,East Sussex.29 June 2020 – Carl Reiner passes away at 80 - https://variety.com/2020/film/news/carl-reiner-dead-died-dick-van-dyke-1234694208/Carl Reiner, the writer, producer, director and actor who was part of Sid Caesar’s legendary team and went on to create “The Dick Van Dyke Show” and direct several hit films. Reiner, the father of filmmaker and activist Rob Reiner, was the winner of nine Emmy awards, including five for “The Dick Van Dyke Show.” Reiner remained in the public eye well into his 80s and 90s with roles in the popular “Ocean’s Eleven” trio of films and on TV with recurring roles on sitcoms “Two and a Half Men” and “Hot in Cleveland.” He also did voice work for shows including “Family Guy,” “American Dad,” “King of the Hill,” and “Bob’s Burgers.” Before creating CBS hit “The Dick Van Dyke Show,” on which he sometimes appeared, Reiner and “Show of Shows” writer Mel Brooks worked up an elongated skit in which Reiner played straight man-interviewer to Brooks’ “2000 Year Old Man”; a 1961 recording of the skit was an immediate hit and spawned several sequels, the last of which, 1998’s “The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000,” won the pair a Grammy. he portrayed Saul Bloom in Ocean's Eleven, Steven Soderbergh's remake of 1960's Ocean's 11, and later reprised the role in Ocean's Twelve and Ocean's Thirteen. He died at the age from natural causes in Beverly Hills, California.30 June 2020 – Queensland university teams up with NASA to discover new planet the size of Neptune- https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-29/usq-nasa-discover-new-earth-sized-planet-a-mic-b/12398056- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2400-z.epdf?sharing_token=3JTENEuQF-T3APeZX4KxB9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OtWNw2qcogQBYD10PdZhvxquqAqRChzO1nFKcfFtPKYHAUuZEWATQRM6h9tEKLylR11rM5M00uEqg6rHXXliKmS5mXQef56GLCRaooyb8BXkhcAIrlIx7_Nr2K-gZjizUMUcLFUaO80eRmm9mly099uTj6Gync7Hk-5dw0DGtLhcXtSIQcYAQT4mWbAxkmL5yyaVggBeZwOqhfwy06a8j2CY1WJyMSiFGHGoRGRYSGjqQPoVLcnVYYHq91fqiYaRh2p6hlMJYTKQxNJ4rwx5ud&tracking_referrer=www.abc.net.au Queensland researchers have helped NASA discover a new planet the size of Neptune, "only" 32 light-years away. NASA first spotted the planet two years ago and have been working to confirm its existence with researchers around the world, including a team at the Mount Kent observatory, south of Toowoomba. "It's only 32 light-years away, which means the light we see tonight left it in 1988," said University of Southern Queensland (USQ) astrophysicist, Jonti Horner. The planet, AU Mic b, was found orbiting the young star AU Microscopii (AU Mic), which was trillions of kilometres from Earth in the southern constellation Microscopium. Professor Horner said AU Mic b would not be suitable for people to live on due to its intense heat of more than 1,000 degrees Celsius. The infant planet was discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the recently retired Spitzer Space Telescope. These results were published in the journal Nature.Remembrances29 June 1855 – John Gorrie- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gorrie- https://patents.google.com/patent/US8080John B. Gorrie, American physician, scientist, inventor of mechanical cooling, and humanitarian. Dr. Gorrie's medical research involved the study of tropical diseases. At the time the theory that bad air — mal-aria — caused diseases was a prevalent hypothesis and based on this theory, he urged draining the swamps and the cooling of sickrooms. For this he cooled rooms with ice in a basin suspended from the ceiling. Cool air, being heavier, flowed down across the patient and through an opening near the floor. Since it was necessary to transport ice by boat from the northern lakes, Gorrie experimented with making artificial ice. After 1845, gave up his medical practice to pursue refrigeration products. On May 6, 1851, Gorrie was granted Patent No. 8080 for a machine to make ice. The original model of this machine and the scientific articles he wrote are at the Smithsonian Institution. In 1835, patents for "Apparatus and means for producing ice and in cooling fluids" had been granted in England and Scotland to American-born inventor Jacob Perkins, who became known as "the father of the refrigerator". Another version of Gorrie's "cooling system" was used when President James A. Garfield was dying in 1881. Naval engineers built a box filled with cloths that had been soaked in melted ice water. Then by allowing hot air to blow on the cloths it decreased the room temperature by 20 degrees Fahrenheit. It required an enormous amount of ice to keep the room cooled continuously. Yet it was an important event in the history of air conditioning. It proved that Dr. Gorrie had the right idea, but was unable to capitalize on it.The first practical refrigeration system in 1854, patented in 1855, was built by James Harrison in Geelong, Australia. He died at the age of 52 in Apalachicola, Florida.29 June 1997 – William Hickey - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hickey_(actor)William Edward Hickey, American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Don Corrado Prizzi in the John Huston film Prizzi's Honor , as well as Uncle Lewis in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation and the voice of Dr. Finklestein in Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas. His most important contribution to the arts, however, remains his teaching career at the HB Studio in Greenwich Village, founded by Hagen and Herbert Berghof. George Segal, Sandy Dennis, Barbra Streisand, and Sandra McClain all studied under him. He was a staple of Ben Bagley's New York musical revues, he can be heard on several of the recordings, notably Decline and fall of the entire world as seen through the eyes of Cole Porter. Hickey enjoyed a career in film, television and theater. In addition to his work as an actor, he was a respected teacher of the craft. Notable for his unique, gravelly voice and somewhat offbeat appearance, Hickey, in his later years, was often cast in "cantankerous-but-clever old man" roles. His characters, who sometimes exuded an underlying air of the macabre, usually had the last laugh over their more sprightly co-stars. He died fromemphysema andbronchitis at the age of 69 in New York City.29 June 2003 – Katherine Hepburn - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_HepburnKatharine Houghton Hepburn, American actress who was a leading lady in Hollywood for more than 60 years. She appeared in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and she received a record four Academy Awards for Lead Acting Performances, plus eight further nominations. In 1999, Hepburn was named by the American Film Institute the greatest female star of Classic Hollywood Cinema. She was known for her fierce independence and spirited personality. In the 1940s, she began a screen and romantic partnership with Spencer Tracy, which spanned 26 years and nine movies, although the romance with the married Tracy was hidden from the public. Hepburn challenged herself in the latter half of her life, as she tackledShakespearean stage productions and a range of literary roles. Hepburn famously shunned the Hollywood publicity machine, and refused to conform to society's expectations of women. She was outspoken, assertive, and athletic, and wore trousers before they were fashionable for women. She was briefly married as a young woman, but thereafter lived independently. With her unconventional lifestyle and the independent characters she brought to the screen, Hepburn epitomized the "modern woman" in the 20th-century United States, and is remembered as an important cultural figure. She died from cardiac arrest at the age of 96 in Fenwick, Connecticut.Famous Birthdays29 June 1793 – Josef Ressel - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_ResselJoseph Ludwig Franz Ressel,Austrian forester and inventor of Czech-German descent, who designed one of the first working ship's propellers. He worked for the Austrian government as a forester in the more southern parts of the monarchy, including in Motovun,Istria (modern-day Croatia). His work was to secure a supply of quality wood for the Navy. He worked in Landstrass (Kostanjevica on the Krka river in Carniola in modern-day Slovenia), where he tested his ship propellers for the first time. In 1821 he was transferred to Trieste (modern-day Italy), the biggest port of the Austrian Empire, where his tests were successful. He was awarded a propeller patent in 1827. He modified a steam-powered boat Civetta by 1829 and test-drove it in the Trieste harbor at six knots before the steam conduits exploded. Because of this misfortune, the police banned further testing. The explosion was not caused by the tested propeller as many believed at the time. Besides having been called "the inventor of the propeller", he was also called the inventor of the steamship and a monument to him in a park in Vienna commemorates him as “the one and only inventor of the screw propeller and steam shipping”. He was also commemorated on Austria's 500 Schilling banknote in the mid 1960s (P139), which shows him on the front and the ship "Civetta" on the back. Among other Ressel's inventions are pneumatic post and ball and cylinder bearings. He was granted numerous patents during his life. He was born in Chrudim,Bohemia, Habsburg Monarchy.28 June 1818 – Angelo Secchi - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_SecchiFr. Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer by the italian region of Emilia. He was a pioneer in astronomical spectroscopy, and was one of the first scientists to state authoritatively that the Sun is a star. Secchi made contributions to many areas of astronomy. He discovered three comets, including Comet Secchi. He produced an exact map of the lunar crater Copernicus. He drew some of the first color illustrations of Mars and was the first to describe "channels" (canali in Italian) on the planetary surface.Secchi was especially interested in the Sun, which he observed continually throughout his career. He observed and made drawings of solar eruptions and sunspots, and compiled records of sunspot activity. In 1860 and 1870, he organized expeditions to observe solar eclipses. He proved that the solar corona and coronal prominences observed during a solar eclipse were part of the Sun, and not artifacts of the eclipse.However, his main area of interest was astronomical spectroscopy. He invented the heliospectrograph, star spectrograph, and telespectroscope. He showed that certain absorption lines in the spectrum of the Sun were caused by absorption in the Earth's atmosphere. Starting in 1863, he began collecting the spectra of stars, accumulating some 4,000 stellar spectrograms. Through analysis of this data, he discovered that the stars come in a limited number of distinct types and subtypes, which could be distinguished by their different spectral patterns. From this concept, he developed the first system of stellar classification: the five Secchi classes. While his system was superseded by the Harvard system, he still stands as discoverer of the principle of stellar classification, which is a fundamental element of astrophysics. His recognition of molecular bands of carbonradicals in the spectra of some stars made him the discoverer of carbon stars, which made one of his spectral classes. Secchi was active in oceanography, meteorology, and physics, as well as astronomy. He invented the Secchi disk, which is used to measure water transparency in oceans, lakes and fish farms. He studied the climate of Rome and invented a "Meteorograph" for the convenient recording of several categories of weather data. He also studied the aurora borealis, the effects of lightning, and the cause of hail. He organized the systematic monitoring of the Earth's magnetic field, and in 1858 established a Magnetic Observatory in Rome. Secchi also performed related technical works for the Papal government, such as overseeing placement of sundials and repair or installation of municipal water systems. In 1854–1855, he supervised an exact survey of the Appian Way in Rome. This survey was later used in the topographic mapping of Italy. He supervised construction of lighthouses for the ports of the Papal States. He was born in Reggio Emilia.29 June 1861 – William James Mayo - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_MayoPhysician and surgeon in the United States and one of the seven founders of the Mayo Clinic. He and his brother, Charles Horace Mayo, both joined their father's private medical practice in Rochester, Minnesota, US, after graduating from medical school in the 1880s. In 1919, that practice became the not-for-profit Mayo Clinic. On August 21, 1883, a tornado struck Rochester, killing 29 people and seriously injuring over 55 others. One-third of the town was destroyed, but young Will and his family escaped serious harm. The relief efforts began immediately with a temporary hospital being established at the town's dance hall. The Mayo brothers were extensively involved in treating the injured who were brought there for help. Mother Alfred Moes and the Sisters of Saint Francis were called in to act as nurses (despite the fact they had little if any medical experience). After the crisis had subsided, Mother Alfred Moes approached William Worrall Mayo about establishing a hospital in Rochester. In September 30, 1889, Saint Mary's Hospital opened. In September 1931, Mayo and other prominent individuals of the time were invited by The New York Times to make a prediction concerning the world in eighty years time in the future, in 2011. Mayo's prediction was that the life expectancy of developed countries would reach 70 years, compared to less than sixty years in 1931. “Contagious and infectious diseases have been largely overcome, and the average length of life of man has increased to fifty-eight years. The great causes of death in middle and later life are diseases of heart, blood vessels and kidneys, diseases of the nervous system, and cancer. The progress that is being made would suggest that within the measure of time for this forecast the average life time of civilized man would be raised to the biblical term of three-score and ten.” He was born in Le Sueur, Minnesota.29 June 1868 – George Ellery Hale - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ellery_HaleAmerican solarastronomer, best known for his discovery of magnetic fields in sunspots, and as the leader or key figure in the planning or construction of several world-leading telescopes; namely, the 40-inch refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory, 60-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, 100-inch Hooker reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson, and the 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory. He also played a key role in the foundation of theInternational Union for Cooperation in Solar Research and the National Research Council, and in developing the California Institute of Technology into a leading research university. In 1908, he used the Zeeman effect with a modified spectroheliograph to establish thatsunspots were magnetic. Subsequent work demonstrated a strong tendency for east-west alignment of magnetic polarities in sunspots, with mirror symmetry across the solar equator; and that the polarity in each hemisphere switched orientation from one sunspot cycle to the next. This systematic property of sunspot magnetic fields is now commonly referred to as the "Hale–Nicholson law," or in many cases simply "Hale's law." Hale spent a large portion of his career trying to find a way to image the solar corona without the benefit of a total solar eclipse, but this was not achieved until the work of Bernard Lyot. He was a prolific organizer who helped create a number of astronomical institutions, societies and journals. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.Events of Interest29 June 1613 – The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground. - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-globe-theater-burns-downThe Globe was built by Shakespeare’s acting company, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, in 1599 from the timbers of London’s very first permanent theater, Burbage’s Theater, built in 1576. Before James Burbage built his theater, plays and dramatic performances were ad hoc affairs, performed on street corners and in the yards of inns. However, the Common Council of London, in 1574, started licensing theatrical pieces performed in inn yards within the city limits. To escape the restriction, actor James Burbage built his own theater on land he leased outside the city limits. When Burbage’s lease ran out, the Lord Chamberlain’s men moved the timbers to a new location and created the Globe. On 29 June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII. A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting the wooden beams and thatching. According to one of the few surviving documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man whose burning breeches were put out with a bottle of ale.29 June 1975 – Steve Wozniak tested his first prototype of Apple I computer. - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/steve-wozniaks-apple-i-booted-up-tech-revolution-180958112/Apple I was the first computer from Apple. It was fully made by Steve Wozniak with little or no input from Steve Jobs. Apple I came without a keyboard, monitor and even an enclosing cabinet. It was basically a motherboard with chips. At the Homebrew Computer club in Palo Alto, California (in Silicon Valley), Steve Wozniak, a 26 year old employee of Hewlett-Packard and a long-time digital electronics hacker, had been wanting to build a computer of his own for a long time. It didn’t look like much—just a circuit board with 32 chips attached, connected to a video monitor and a keyboard. But when he turned it on? Magic. A cursor appeared on the screen—and better yet, it reacted instantly to whatever keys Wozniak pressed. “I typed a few keys on the keyboard and I was shocked!” he recalled in his memoir, iWoz. It was, he observed, the first time in history anyone had typed on a personal computer and seen the results “show up on their own computer’s screen right in front of them.” The sensation of success—he was looking at random numbers he had programmed—was “like getting a putt from 40 feet away.” The Apple I sold for only $666.66. (Wozniak picked the price because he liked repeating numbers; he had no clue about the satanic resonance.)IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook- Page - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/- Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/440485136816406/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes -https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS -http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rssInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/nerds_amalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comSupport via Podhero- https://podhero.com/podcast/449127/nerds-amalgamatedRate & Review us on Podchaser - https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/nerds-amalgamated-623195

Video Here’s a link to my latest video from California, where I mention the destination of the week: Palomar Observatory. You actually get to see it two days before the rest of the world, Thanks to my new patrons: $1 pledge from Joseph Mark Perritte! $1 pledge from Cathy Brackin! Add you name to this … Continue reading Living the RV Dream Episode 50 – Palomar Observatory → The post Living the RV Dream Episode 50 – Palomar Observatory appeared first on Traveling Robert.

Dr. David Ciardi talks about Vega, a bright star that’s “been a part of human lore forever.” Dr. Ciardi and his colleagues discovered that Vega has a nearby ring of dust, implying the presence of planets. He also describes an encounter with a giant inflatable bumblebee at Palomar Observatory.

Palomar Observatory's Project 1640 on the Hale Telescope allows astronomers to directly observe exoplanets, whereas the gamma-ray sensitive HESS 2 in Namibia tracks violent astrophysical events such as supernovae and flaring black holes. John Matson reports

David H. Levy is one of the most successful comet discoverers in history. He has discovered 22 comets, nine of them using his own backyard telescopes. With Eugene and Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California he discovered Shoemaker-Levy 9, the comet that collided with Jupiter in 1994. That episode produced the most spectacular explosions ever witnessed in the solar system. Levy is currently involved with the Jarnac Comet Survey, which is based at the Jarnac Observatory in Vail, Arizona but which has telescopes planned for locations around the world. Levy is the author or editor of 35 books and other products. He won an Emmy in 1998 as part of the writing team for the Discovery Channel documentary, "Three Minutes to Impact." As the Science Editor for Parade Magazine from 1997 to 2006, he was able to reach more than 80 million readers, almost a quarter of the population of the United States. A contributing editor for Sky and Telescope Magazine, he writes its monthly "Star Trails" column, and his "Nightfall" feature appears in each issue of the Canadian Magazine Skynews. David Levy has given more than 1000 lectures and major interviews, and has appeared on many television programs, such as the Today show (4 times), Good Morning America (twice), the National Geographic special "Asteroids: Deadly Impact", and ABC's World News Tonight, where he and the Shoemakers were named Persons of the Week for July 22, 1994. Also, Levy has done nationally broadcast testimonials for PBS (1995-present), and for the Muscular Dystrophy Association Telethon (1998-1999). He and his wife Wendee host a weekly radio show available worldwide at www.letstalkstars.com. In 2004 he was the Senator John Rhodes Chair in Public Policy and American Institutions at Arizona State University. He has been awarded five honorary doctorates, and asteroid 3673 (Levy) was named in his honor. In 2010, David became the first person to discover comets visually, photographically, and electronically. On June 6, 2010, David was awarded a Ph. D. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for his dissertation for the Department of English on the topic of "The Sky in Early Modern English Literature: A Study of Allusions to Celestial Events in Elizabethan and Jacobean Writing, 1572-1610." Levy is President of the National Sharing the Sky Foundation, an organization intended to inspire new generations to develop an inquiring interest in the sciences, or in other words, to reach for the stars. Levy resides in Vail, Arizona, with his wife, Wendee. After teaching Physical Education in the Las Cruces school district for 26 years, in 1996 Wendee became the manager of Jarnac Observatory, and was promoted to Director in 2004. Wendee is an integral part of our Jarnac Comet Survey, helping to organize the program and scan the images. As Secretary-Treasurer of the National Sharing the Sky Foundation, Wendee plays a vital role in its activities. Dec, 7, 2009.