Podcasts about UCL

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Best podcasts about UCL

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Latest podcast episodes about UCL

Natalie Haynes Stands Up for the Classics
Alexandria: The Science

Natalie Haynes Stands Up for the Classics

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 30, 2026 27:23


Natalie is joined by Islam Issa and Adam Rutherford to reveal the extraordinary creativity and breadth of the stellar scientific inventions made in the ancient city of Alexandria. From early weather forecasting to the first suggestion that the sun is the centre of the universe, the first keyboard instrument to toy birds that could sing, Alexandria had it all.'Rockstar mythologist' Natalie Haynes is the best-selling author of Divine Might, Stone Blind, A Thousand Ships and No Friend to This House as well as a reformed comedian who is a little bit obsessive about ancient Greece and Rome.Islam Issa is Professor of Public Humanities at Birmingham City University. His book Alexandria: The City that Changed the World is the Winner of the Runciman Award and The Times, Sunday Times, TLS, Booklist, Epoch Times and Waterstones Book of the Year.Dr Adam Rutherford is a scientist, writer and broadcaster. He's a Lecturer in Biology and Society at UCL. Producer Beth O'Dea

El Pulso del Fútbol
¿Peligra el mundial? Los europeos no irían más a torneos FIFA, El Pulso del Fútbol, 30 de julio del 2026

El Pulso del Fútbol

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 30, 2026 44:08 Transcription Available


El Pulso del Fútbol
¿Cuál es la contratación más taquillera de la Liga? El Pulso del Fútbol, 28 del de julio del 2026

El Pulso del Fútbol

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 28, 2026 48:29 Transcription Available


Watts Involved
Why Your Brain Hates Uncertainty — and What It Does to Your Decisions

Watts Involved

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 28, 2026 11:59


David Watts unpacks the neuroscience of not-knowing — why a 'maybe' hurts more than a definite 'no', and how a brain wired to predict the world treats uncertainty as a threat. Drawing on the 2016 UCL snake study and the clinical work on intolerance of uncertainty, he shows the four hidden taxes it levies on your decisions and offers a two-week drill to raise your tolerance rather than chase impossible calm. Read the full article on Quantum Self Development: https://quantumselfdevelopment.com/articles/intolerance-of-uncertainty/ This episode was narrated by an AI clone of my own voice, trained on this show.

Gate 7 International Podcast
Episode 436: Tzolakis To Hull City, Andre Luiz to MLS? And UCL Around The Corner | Review of Preseason Friendlies

Gate 7 International Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 27, 2026 71:20


A lot is happening with 9 days before UCL qualifiers. Olympiacos is losing their starting goalkeeper, possibly selling Andre Luiz for a record fee while still missing core pieces . Nijmegen waits around the corner and the team has not impressed much in preseason. With injuries throughout the squad, a potential Jose Sa return, and the arrival of a #8 expected, what is our outlook for UCL?

El Pulso del Fútbol
¿Qué equipo del FPC genera más ilusion para ganar esta nueva liga? El Pulso del Fútbol, 22 de julio del 2026

El Pulso del Fútbol

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 22, 2026 46:30 Transcription Available


El Pulso del Fútbol
¿Sin Messi en Argentina, Colombia podría aspirar a ganar la próxima copa América? El Pulso del Fútbol, 21 de julio del 2026

El Pulso del Fútbol

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2026 48:14 Transcription Available


HSS Presents
A Clinical Look at Tommy John Surgery

HSS Presents

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2026 39:55


Why is Tommy John surgery suddenly everywhere, even among 11-year-olds? On this episode of HSS Presents, orthopedic surgeon Dr. Josh Dines, sports medicine specialist Dr. James "Beamer" Carr, and physical therapist Terrance Sgroi dig into the UCL injury epidemic fueled by baseball's obsession with velocity, and how they diagnose it using exam techniques and the elbow-stressing "FEVER" MRI view. They break down when surgery is truly necessary versus when conservative treatment has a real shot, plus the murky world of PRP and stem cells. They cover the evolution of the surgery itself, from Frank Jobe's original 1974 procedure to today's bone-preserving docking technique, and why modern rehab timelines have gotten longer, not shorter, to safely return high-velocity throwers to the mound.

Fun Kids Science Weekly
Supervolcanoes or Space Rocks? The Most Dangerous Thing on Earth Revealed! ☄️

Fun Kids Science Weekly

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2026 26:37


Phillies 24/7 Shows
Phillies Today 7-17: Derby and ASG recap and Brad Keller likely out for the season

Phillies 24/7 Shows

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 17, 2026 21:34


Justin Morganstein discusses his thoughts on an exciting week down at Citizens Bank Park for the All-Star Game and how Brad Keller's UCL injury affects the team's deadline plans.

Jon Marks & Ike Reese
Full Show: LeBron James to Sixers Debate

Jon Marks & Ike Reese

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2026 152:12


Spike Eskin and Jack Fritz debate the impact of LeBron James potentially joining the 76ers and the cost of surrendering organizational control to the superstar. They delve into a bizarre local deli crime involving Johnny Gabagool and analyze the impact of Brad Keller's UCL injury on the Phillies' trade deadline strategy. The conversation also features a bracket challenge for the best 2000s comedy and a look at Jalen Hurts' perceived trade value around the NFL.

Dukes & Bell
Braves benefit from questionable pitching decision by Pirates

Dukes & Bell

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 9, 2026 14:18


Carl and Mark open the show with some brief thoughts on Pirates pitcher Jared Jones being pulled despite throwing a perfect game, which both the guys agree was surprising, despite the explanation of the Pirates looking to protect Jones due to the fact he recently had UCL brace procedure. As they discuss, they share thoughts on whether or not the Pirates deserve to have lost to the Braves for the move.

Fun Kids Science Weekly
World Cup Warning! Why Cheering for Your Team Might Be Dangerous ⚽

Fun Kids Science Weekly

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 4, 2026 28:21


Fantasy Six Pack: The Fantasy Six Pack Hour
First Cup Fantasy Baseball: July 3: Cole Ragans Out 10-12 Months & Suspensions

Fantasy Six Pack: The Fantasy Six Pack Hour

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 3, 2026 14:50


The fantasy baseball community received brutal news as Kansas City Royals ace Cole Ragans underwent a UCL repair surgery that will sideline him for the next 10 to 12 months. Corey Pieper breaks down a devastating injury wave, sweeping league suspensions, a major lineup shakeup in Houston, and the FanDuel Bet of the Day. A volatile day on the medical and disciplinary fronts sees Willson Contreras and Cade Cavalli hit with 7-game suspensions, while Miles Mikolas receives a 5-game suspension. Meanwhile, the Houston Astros have moved Cristian Javier to the bullpen, Matt McLain is beginning to see reps in center field, and Brandon Nimmo continues to sit out with a lingering shoulder injury. Roster managers must also adjust for Jason Adam landing on the injured list with a shoulder strain, Dustin May getting forced out after just two outs by a dangerous comebacker, and Kenley Jansen curiously being brought into the 7th inning of a blowout loss. On the positive side, dynamic starter Hunter Greene is officially locked in to return to the mound. Daily performance highlights feature a spectacular pitching duel where Jacob Misiorowski racked up ten strikeouts over five dominant frames against Chase Burns. Nathan Eovaldi fanned nine over five innings, Ian Seymour struck out nine across six one-hit frames, and Walbert Urena battled Bryce Miller in a stellar pitching showcase. Offensively, Brandon Marsh and Mickey Moniak triggered heavy production, Jake McCarthy shined as Colorado erupted for 14 runs, and Sal Stewart, Jordan Walker, and Carter Jensen all launched home runs alongside foundational standouts Dalton Rushing and Kyle Tucker. On the negative side, Framber Valdez collapsed for five earned runs with just a single strikeout, Davis Martin struggled heavily through 3.1 frames, Junior Caminero turned in an empty 0-for-5 day, and Roki Sasaki suffered a brutal daily regression. The Pitching Planner segment lays out direct tactical management strategies for the weekend, specifically profiling Logan Gilbert's upcoming start with Emerson Hancock scheduled to follow him out of the bullpen on Saturday. First Cup Fantasy Baseball drops every weekday around 9 AM ET on The F6P Hour. Use code F6PPODS for 15% off All Access at fantasysixpack.net – rankings, matchup tools, DFS and betting cheat sheets, and more. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Smart Biotech Scientist | Bioprocess CMC Development, Biologics Manufacturing & Scale-up for Busy Scientists
265: From Human Variability to Automated Precision: Accelerating Cell and Gene Therapy Manufacturing Scale-Out with Farlan Veraitch - Part 1

Smart Biotech Scientist | Bioprocess CMC Development, Biologics Manufacturing & Scale-up for Busy Scientists

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 30, 2026 22:26


What if the simple act of opening an incubator could undermine the consistency of your cell therapy manufacturing process? Unlike traditional biologics, the moment cells leave their incubator, subtle shifts in temperature, CO₂, and pH can spiral into mission-critical variability, jeopardizing everything from product yield to therapeutic potency.This episode features Farlan Veraitch, founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Ori Biotech. Trained at UCL's Department of Biochemical Engineering, Farlan blends a bioprocess engineer's mindset with hands-on experience scaling monoclonal antibodies, before pioneering the first-ever automation platform for embryonic stem cell culture. His drive for eliminating variability and designing systems that scale seamlessly from bench to bedside has informed ORI's approach to modular cell therapy manufacturing.What you'll hear in this episode:The importance of controlling pH, temperature, and shear forces in cell therapy manufacturing (00:36)Lessons learned from scaling monoclonal antibody production and its impact on biotech business models (05:23)The unique sources of variability in primary and stem cells, and why automation is essential (11:16)Strategies to minimize human-induced variability in sensitive cell cultures (12:59)How exposure to ambient oxygen and CO₂ during manual processing affects cell viability (14:13)The logic behind Ori Biotech's modular design to solve environmental control issues (19:04)Strategic insight:As cell and gene therapies push boundaries, manufacturing must keep pace with exponentially tighter requirements. Farlan's journey highlights a universal lesson for scientists and engineers: process control is not just a technicality, but a necessity for reproducible, scalable, and commercially viable therapies.If you're grappling with process variability or looking for fresh strategies in cell and gene therapy development, this episode offers an inside view from a scientist who's worked at the intersection of bioprocess, automation, and commercial translation.Connect with Farlan Veraitch:LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/farlan-singh-veraitch-a677112Email: farlan.veraitch@oribiotech.comOri Biotech: www.oribiotech.comNext step:Need fast CMC guidance? → Get rapid CMC decision support hereSupport the show

Keen On Democracy
If I Perish, I Perish: Katie Gaddini on the Army of Esthers Powering the American Right

Keen On Democracy

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 30, 2026 37:27


“If I perish, I perish.” — the chant Katie Gaddini heard from Esther's Army at the National Mall, weeks before the 2024 election Back in 2021, at the height of the pandemic, Margaret Atwood came on the show to talk about The Handmaid's Tale — her warning of how trad wives, to borrow a contemporary phrase, could be exploited by an evangelical patriarchy. Five years later, the Stanford fellow Katie Gaddini offers a strikingly different vision. Her new book, Esther's Army: The Christian Women Who Power the American Right (out today), is the product of nine years of research and over 100 interviews with conservative Christian women across 28 states. These women, this army of Esthers, are not handmaidens, Gaddini concludes. “They are very much in charge. They are politically engaged. They, in many cases, hold political positions of power.” Gaddini grew up as an evangelical — her father a pastor, with four more pastors in her extended family. She voted for George Bush “naturally,” before discovering she could be a Christian and not a Republican. But she is less a rebel against her upbringing as much as a sociologist with a Cambridge doctorate. She was living in London when Trump won the 2016 nomination and wondered how it was that Christian women were planning to vote for this most imperfect of men? Nine years and 100 interviews later, the answer turns out to be more complicated than the standard liberal media exploitation tale about handmaids. The book's title comes from the women themselves. At a 250,000-person rally on the National Mall weeks before the 2024 election, Gaddini saw women wearing gold-plated Esther necklaces, chanting “If I perish, I perish” from the Book of Esther. Gaddini interprets this as a striking theological shift — away from the forgiveness of the New Testament toward the Manichaean Old Testament narrative of violence, destruction, and an imperfect male figure designed by God to redeem the rest of us. Donald Trump, in this telling, is King David. Or Jehu. Margaret Atwood better watch out. This Army of Esthers are warriors, not handmaidens, and they are preparing for an apocalyptical war. If you perish, you perish. Another Old Testament-style pandemic. Five Takeaways •       Not Handmaids: Trad Wives Are a Tiny, Overhyped Fringe: Gaddini went into nine years of research expecting to find Atwood-style oppression. Instead: only one of her hundred-plus interviewees follows a trad wife on social media. Trad wives are overpopulated in media attention but represent a much smaller political force than coverage suggests. The women Gaddini actually studied span homeschool moms involved in local politics to Heritage Foundation lawyers to women working at the top echelons of power in Washington DC. They are diehard MAGA supporters and politically engaged — the opposite of passive. •       The Hidden History: Women Built the Conservative Movement Since the 1970s: Gaddini's archival research into the Reagan administration found women — never household names — who drafted legislation that still shapes policy today, including the squashing of federal child care. Phyllis Schlafly was not an aberration but part of coordinated networks of women who strategised together at national conventions, even as Schlafly took the spotlight while others worked behind the scenes. Books about the Christian right's formation in the 1980s have largely written women out of the story. Gaddini is writing them back in. •       Conservative Feminism: A More Complicated Relationship Than Expected: Gaddini expected uniform hostility to feminism, the classic Schlafly-era position. Instead she found a more nuanced split: some women reject feminism as toxic; others embrace a self-styled “conservative feminism,” remapping their politics onto a new understanding of women's empowerment. They reframe issues the left claims as women's issues — reproductive rights, birth control — as harmful to women, and argue that capitalism itself benefits women by letting families thrive on a single strong salary. A repackaging of feminist language for a conservative, highly gendered worldview. •       If I Perish, I Perish: The Old Testament Shift and the Esther Necklaces: At a 250,000-person rally on the National Mall weeks before the 2024 election, Gaddini saw international attendees — women from South Korea, Brazil, nuns from Nantucket — wearing gold Esther necklaces and chanting the book of Esther's key line. The theological shift she's tracking: away from the New Testament and Jesus, toward Old Testament violence, destruction, and imperfect male figures redeemed for God's purposes — the allegories comparing Trump to King David or Jehu. These women see themselves as warriors, not handmaidens. There is, in their minds, an absolute war going on. •       The Fracture Lines: Iran, MAHA, and the Jesus Selfie: Gaddini's research captures real fault lines opening in 2026: the Iran strikes alienated Trump voters who wanted America out of foreign wars; MAHA women — anti-vax homeschool moms alongside liberal Bay Area “crunchy” mothers, an unlikely ideological alliance forged through RFK Jr.'s endorsement — are furious about pesticide regulation rollbacks; and Trump's social media image styled as Jesus (he said it was meant to be a doctor) did not land well even with his base. Nobody Gaddini interviewed thinks Trump is a good Christian. They believe his policies align with their vision of America. That, for them, is what matters. About the Guest Katie Gaddini is a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Associate Professor of Sociology at the Social Research Institute, University College London, and a UKRI Research Fellow at Stanford and UCL (2022–2026). She is the author of Esther's Army: The Christian Women Who Power the American Right (W.W. Norton, June 30, 2026) and The Struggle to Stay: Why Single Evangelical Women Are Leaving the Church. Her writing has appeared in TIME, The Huffington Post, the San Francisco Chronicle, and The Hill. She hosts the Podium and the Pulpit podcast and Substack. References: •       Esther's Army: The Christian Women Who Power the American Right by Katie Gaddini (W.W. Norton, June 30, 2026). •       Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid's Tale — referenced at the opening; Atwood previously appeared on KOA. •       Phyllis Schlafly — the 1970s conservative organiser; previously covered on KOA. •       Delano Squires, The Vanishing Black Family — referenced; Heritage Foundation fellow, recent KOA guest. •       Arlie Russell Hochschild, Stolen Pride — referenced as a sociological influence and fellow Bay Area scholar; ...

LSE Middle East Centre Podcasts
Policy and the Future of Education in Kuwait

LSE Middle East Centre Podcasts

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 29, 2026 59:17


The LSE Middle East Centre hosted a Kuwait Programme panel discussion highlighting recent education policy issues and trajectories in Kuwait and globally, with a focus on the role of policy in shaping current and future priorities of education. The panel discussed Kuwait's policy challenges and changes in the broader context of global education policies and the neoliberal order. The panel also focused on the recent geopolitical crisis in the Gulf and the response of Kuwait's education system. Meet our speakers Dr. Fatimah Alhashem is an assistant professor at the Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST). and chair for the Center of Teaching, Learning, and Research (CTLR) from 2018 till 2021. She received a doctoral degree in curriculum and instruction in science education from Arizona State University. She worked as general manager for the teacher development department at the National Center for Education Development (NCED) from 2015 until 2018. She is a strong advocate for supporting teachers in general and supporting women in science education in specific. She is involved in different projects that serve the education system mainly clustered around teachers' development. She led many educational projects as a consultant in (UNDP, UNESCO & KFAS). Ibrahim Alhouti (PhD) is an Assistant Professor of the comparative politics of education at Kuwait University and a non-resident fellow at Gulf International Forum in Washington, DC. He obtained his PhD from University College London's Institute of Education, where his thesis explored the politics of reforming the education system in the Arab Gulf region, and holds two master's degrees on Leadership and Comparative Education, both from University College London's Institute of Education. He also serves as a consultant for a number of educational institutions in the Gulf. Alhouti has published several research studies about education and education reforms in the region. His research interest encompasses the politics of education, education reforms, comparative education, and education policies. Dr. Sonia Exley is an Associate Professor in the LSE Department of Social Policy. She is Programme Director for the MSc in International Social and Public Policy, and teaches on a range of postgraduate and undergraduate courses. Sonia's specialist area of research is education policy. She has a particular interest in the marketisation and privatisation of education systems across the world. Sonia has published in a wide range of education and social policy journals. She holds a DPhil in Social Policy from Oxford University (Nuffield College). Prior to joining LSE, she was a British Academy postdoctoral fellow at the (now UCL) Institute of Education in London. Meet our chair Dr Nidal Al Haj Sleiman is the Kuwait Research Officer at the LSE Middle East Centre. She is a sociologist of education policy, leadership and international education. Her work generally draws on theories of policy sociology, social and cultural justice, critical pedagogy and transformative learning, particularly in West Asia: Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Lebanon and Palestine. Her publications broadly address interconnection of policy, leadership and society, the sociology of international education, the political economy of education, post-colonial and settler-colonial theory in education. Nidal is also a co-founder of the SWANA Forum for Social Justice, a UCL alumni- and student-led community. Prior to her research career, Nidal worked as teacher and a school leader in Lebanon and Qatar, in public and international education settings.

Effectively Wild: A FanGraphs Baseball Podcast
Effectively Wild Episode 2491: How Not to Get Hurt

Effectively Wild: A FanGraphs Baseball Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 13, 2026 138:56


Tarik Skubal is the latest athlete to return to play faster than anticipated thanks to a new surgical technique or technology. But there’s something even better than coming back more quickly from an injury: avoiding an injury in the first place. Can injury prevention be improved as much as injury treatment? In this themed episode, Ben Lindbergh talks to four guests about three potential ways to keep players healthy. First (5:14), Mariners biomechanist Cedric Attias joins to discuss how pitching mechanics affect elbow stress, whether injuries stem more from nature or nurture, and whether MLB teams are prioritizing injury research. Second (49:23), Daryl and Adam Moreau, the father-and-son inventors of FlexProGrip, explain how forearm weakness endangers the UCL, how they designed and validated their training tool, and how the device has been adopted in the game. Third (1:41:18), Steve Rowson, director of the Helmet Lab at Virginia Tech, shares how helmets have improved across sports, why dangerous impacts are different in football and baseball, and why catcher’s masks may need an overhaul to minimize concussions. Audio intro: Ian Phillips, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio interstitial 1: Luke Lillard, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio interstitial 2: Xavier LeBlanc, “Effectively Wild Theme” Audio outro: Grant Brisbee, “Effectively Wild Theme” Link to NanoNeedle AP piece Link to NanoNeedle Athletic piece Link to Ben on protecting pitchers Link to Ben on pitcher roster limits Link to McGregor/ElAttrache article Link to MLB/ElAttrache article Link to article on Altuve’s return Link to article on Alvarez’s return Link to internal brace info Link to article on Tatum’s return Link to article on Mahomes’s return Link to article on Kittle’s return Link to summary of Cedric’s research Link to Cedric’s research paper Link to other research on lower arm slots Link to pulldowns explainer Link to Ben on team secrets Link to Rieekan quote Link to lower-arm-slots trend Link to video clip about the trend Link to Crizer on arm slots Link to Misiorowski game Link to FlexProGrip site Link to FlexProGrip article 1 Link to FlexProGrip article 2 Link to FlexProGrip article 3 Link to FlexProGrip article 4 Link to FlexProGrip white papers Link to Driveline research Link to The Layback Podcast Link to The Island of Doctor Moreau Link to Edward Scissorhands Link to Helmet Lab concussions research Link to helmet ratings site Link to Rowson’s faculty page Link to CNN Helmet Lab story Link to Ben on catcher concussions Link to Carlin baseball vs. football bit Link to risk compensation wiki Link to Helmet Lab testing footage Link to Marvin the Martian wiki Link to Great Gazoo wiki Link to Dark Helmet wiki Link to Torres protective cap article 1 Link to Torres protective cap article 2 Link to Torres cap footage Link to pitcher cap inserts info 1 Link to pitcher cap inserts info 2 Link to pitcher cap inserts info 3 Link to softball pitcher mask article Link to softball fielder mask article Link to softball fielder mask research Link to The Athletic on catcher nut shots Link to SIS on catcher nut shots Link to Knoxville incident Sponsor Us on Patreon Give a Gift Subscription Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com Effectively Wild Subreddit Effectively Wild Wiki Apple Podcasts Feed Spotify Feed YouTube Playlist Facebook Group Bluesky Account Twitter Account Get Our Merch! var SERVER_DATA = Object.assign(SERVER_DATA || {}); Source

Cannabis Cultivation and Science Podcast
Episode 166: Debunking Cannabis Cultivation Myths with Dr. Deron Caplan

Cannabis Cultivation and Science Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 10, 2026 71:12


In this conversation, host Tad Hussey (KIS Organics) and Dr. Deron Caplan (CannaCribs Horticulture Consulting) discuss the intersection of agricultural science and commercial cannabis cultivation, focusing heavily on irrigation, lighting, and research methodologies. Drought Stress vs. Drybacks: Dr. Caplan clarifies a major industry misconception by distinguishing standard irrigation "drybacks" from actual "drought stress." He explains that drybacks work primarily by pulling oxygen into the root zone (which cannabis loves), whereas true drought stress requires pushing the plant past the point of water availability. The Nuance of Cannabinoid Bumps: While Dr. Caplan's landmark PhD research found that controlled drought stress in week seven of flowering could boost THC/CBD content by 30% to 40% without losing yield, he notes that repeating this in smaller pots with faster drybacks yielded no positive results. This highlights just how incredibly nuanced and difficult it is to trigger beneficial plant stress without harming the crop. Organics vs. Mineral Salts at Scale: The two debate the logistics of commercial cultivation. While mineral salts offer strict baseline consistency and easier pathogen sterilization for medical export markets, Dr. Caplan notes that data-driven, evidence-based living soil systems have come a long way and are proving to be increasingly scalable. Debunking the Leaf-Tip Cloning Myth: Dr. Caplan shares that his early research on propagation disproved a ubiquitous legacy market myth: cutting the tips off clone leaves actually reduces rooting success, unless leaves are so large that they are actively shading adjacent clones. Advanced Canopy Management: They discuss the massive yield and quality benefits (15% to 20% increases) of under-canopy lighting (UCL). Dr. Caplan details how commercial facilities can use a PAR meter to calculate the Leaf Area Index (LAI) to mathematically standardize how much foliage to prune, rather than relying on visual guesswork. The Future of Research: Dr. Caplan highlights his new commercial R&D facility in Canada designed to test applied science practices. They close by discussing the validity of peer-reviewed data versus private white papers, concluding that regardless of a grower's background, scientific data is the ultimate tool for bridging the gap between organic and conventional cultivation. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.