Podcasts about yaku

This episode we look at many of the natural events and talk about those observing and writing things down, and why they may have wanted to do so. For more, check out our podcast blogpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-139   Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 139: Observing the "Natural" World. Members of the Onmyou-ryou, dressed in the official robes of their office, sat around in their observation tower, measuring the location of the stars.  They kept their light to a minimum, just enough so that they could write down their observations, but not so much that it would destroy their vision.  As they looked up, suddenly they saw a strange movement: a streak through the sky.  They waited, and observed, and then there was another, and another after that.  It was as if the stars themselves were falling from the heavens.  They watched as it seemed that the constellations themselves were melting and falling apart.  Quickly they scribbled down notes.  Tomorrow, with the light of day, they would consult various sources to see just what it could mean.  For now, their role was simply to observe and record.   Welcome back, everyone.  It is the height of holiday season in the US as I record this, and in our narrative we are in the middle of the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou, who came to power in 672 and who has been shoring up the Ritsuryo state instigated by his late brother, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou.  We have talked in recent episodes about how Ohoama put a lot of the state under the control of members of the royal family, or at least those with claims to royal blood, and how he had also begun work on the Chronicles—the very works that we have been using to try and understand the history of this and earlier periods.   It seems clear that Ohoama and his cohorts were doing their best to solidify their control and, in the process, create what they felt was a modern state, leveraging the continental model, but not without their own local flavor.  After all, they were also investing in the kami based rituals of state and specifically in Ise shrine, which they claimed as an ancestral shrine for their lineage. This episode, let's dig into another thing that was getting reported around this time.  And that is… science!  Or at least observations of the world and indications of how people were interacting with it. Before going into the subject, I want to acknowledge that "science", or "Kagaku" in modern Japanese, may not look like what we think of as "science" today.  The word "Kagaku" itself appears to come about in the late Edo period, and became associated with the western idea of "Science" in the Meiji period.  Today we think of it as observations, yes, but also testing via the scientific method. I think it might be more appropriate to categorize a lot of earlier science under a term like "learning" or "study", and it seems to have encompassed a wide range of topics of study, some of which we would include as "science" and some which we might refer to more as "arts".  There is also a very fine line with religion and philosophy as well. From a modern perspective, I think one could fairly argue that "science"—particularly the so-called "hard" sciences—refers to something that can be empirically tested via the scientific method.  So you can see something, form a hypothesis, create a test, and then that test should produce the same results no matter who conducts it, assuming you account for the variables. And please don't @ me about this… I know I am simplifying things.  This isn't a podcast about science unless we are talking about the social sciences of history and archaeology. In contrast to our modern concept of science, much of what we see in the Asuka era is built around using our reasoning to arrive at the truth of something.  In cases where we are dealing with clearly physical phenomena that have observable causes and effects, this can lead to remarkably reliable results.  One example of this is calendrical science—it isn't that hard to observe the passing of days and seasons.  Even the rotation of the earth and the movements of stars and even something with as large a period as comets could be observed and tracked, especially if you had centuries of data to comb through.  In fact, they often would predict things that it turns out they couldn't, themselves, see.  They could predict that an eclipse would occur, for example, even when that eclipse was only visible somewhere else.  And they didn't have to calculate gravitational pull, mass, or distances between different heavenly bodies for that to occur. Similarly, in the agricultural sphere: you had so many people who observed the seasons and would figure out new ways of doing things.  It doesn't take an understanding of chlorophyl to know that plants generally do better when exposed to sunlight. I believe the leap happens when you get to things that go beyond purely observable means.  Sickness, for example—how do you explain viruses or germs without equipment like microscopes to see what our eyes alone cannot?  And if such "invisible" things could cause so much damage, then why could there not be other "invisible" elements, such as kami and boddhisatvas?  And as humans we are driven to make connections.  It is one of the things that has driven our technological innovation and rise, but it is also something that can easily go awry.  Like when you are sitting in a dark house, alone, and you hear a noise.  Rationally, you might know that houses settle and creak, but that doesn't necessarily stop your brain from connecting it with thoughts that someone must be in the house making that noise. Or even how we make judgments based on nothing more than how someone talks or what they look like, because our brains have made connections with those things, for good or ill. A large part of the rationalization that was accomplished in Asian thought had to do with concepts of Yin and Yang, the negative and the positive, the dark and the light.  This was thought of as a kind of energy—qi or ki—that was embedded in things.  We discussed this somewhat back in episode 127, because yin yang theory, along with the five element theory, known as Wuxing or Gogyou in Japanese, became embedded in the idea of the calendar.  Why was summer hot, except that it was connected with an excess of fire energy?  And the cold, dark days of winter would be associated with an excess of water, naturally. I should note that while this is one of the more comprehensive philosophical systems in use, it was not the only means by which various phenomena and effects were rationalized.  After all, it had to be imposed on a framework of how the world otherwise worked, and descriptions of the world came from a variety of places.  There was, for example, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, or Sanhaijing, which detailed the world as envisioned in the period before the Qin dynasty, although there were occasional updates.  The Sanhaijing  described regular plants and animals in the same breath as gods and monsters.  There were also various buddhist sutras, which brought their own cosmological view of the universe that had to be squared with other visions, including those passed down locally describing the archipelago as the "Reed Plain" and giving particular importance to eight of the islands—though which eight depends on which variant of the creation myth you are referencing. To categorize the study of the natural—and what we would consider the supernatural—world around them, the Ritsuryou set up specific bureaus.  One of these was the Onmyou-ryou, the Bureau of Yin-yang, also known as the Onyo no Tsukasa.  This Bureau oversaw divination, astronomy, time, and calendars.  At its head was the Onmyou-no-kami.  Below them were the various scholars studying the core subjects, as well as technical practitioners to carry out the rites and divination. On the continent, priority was generally given to astronomical and calendrical studies, and many of the more magical practices or rituals would fade away, likely because there were local Taoist institutions who could take up much of that work.  In Japan, however, it seems that the calendrical studies tended to ossify, instead, while onmyoji came to fill a role not just for the state but also among the population for divination and other such practices.  Even into the Edo period one could find private onmyoji, and the Bureau itself lasted until the very beginning of the Meiji period. Another important institution of the Ritsuryo government for learning was the Daigakuryou, the Bureau of Great Learning.  Students of Japanese may recognize the term "Daigaku" referring, today, to universities. The original concept for the Daigaku-ryou, or Daigaku no Tsukasa, was focused on the study of those things that were considered perhaps a bit more practical and necessary to anyone who might want a political career.  Since this was founded on concepts of Confucian government, it is little wonder that it was originally designed to focus on Confucian studies, among other things.  This fits into the idea of a supposed meritocracy, where one's education was part of the examination.  You may recall from Episode 115 we talked about the National University in Chang'an, which is likely something that the Daigaku Ryou could only ever dream of becoming. Early arts taught at the Daigaku Ryou included the Confucian classics, mathematics, writing, and Chinese pronunciation.  These were all things that you would need to know to become a part of the bureaucracy The idea of a school may have been born along with the early institution of the government, with mention as early as 671, in the last year of Naka no Oe's reign, but we don't have it clearly established in the code until later.  Full operations may have been somewhat delayed due to the tumultuous events of Ohoama's accession to power in 672, but we do see it explicitly mentioned in the year 675.  On the first day of the year we are told that Students from the Daigaku Ryou, along with students from the Onmyou-Ryou and from the Gaiyaku Ryou, the Bureau of External Medicine; along with the Woman of S'ravasti, the Woman of Tara, Prince Syeonkwang of Baekje, and Silla labourers offered presents of drugs and various rarities. We talked about the first two, the Daigaku-ryou and the Onmyou-ryou, but the Gaiyaku Ryou doesn't seem to have a lot of information out there beyond this mention.  Later there would a "Ten'yaku Ryou", or Bureau of Medicine, established in the code.  Since we don't have any extant codes from this period beyond what was written down in the Nihon Shoki, we don't know for certain what the Gaiyaku-ryou was , and it is possible that the Gaiyaku-Ryou was a precursor to the Ten'yaku Ryou.  "GAI" means "outside" or "external", leading me to wonder if this referred to external medicine in contrast to internal medicine, or if it meant medicine or drugs from outside teh archipeloago. I would point out that these students are found with the Woman of S'ravasti, or Shae; the Woman of Tara; a Baekje prince and Silla labourers.  In other words, they were all people from outside of the archipelago.  This is not entirely surprising as it was from outside that much of the learning was coming into the country. "Yaku" or "Kusuri", which can be translated as either "Drugs" or "medicine", could refer to a number of things.  How effective they were is somewhat questionable. Almost certainly some of them had confirmed medicinal efficacy, but others may have been thought to have been effective due to things like their connection to the five elements, or wuxing, theory. For example, something red might be assumed to have a warming effect because of the presumed presence of the fire element.  And the power of the placebo effect no doubt made them seem at least partially effective.  Consider, for example, how many people will swear by certain remedies for the common cold when all it really does is distract you, or perhaps make you a bit more comfortable, until the symptoms pass on their own. A more certain science was probably that of Astronomy, which we've mentioned a few times.  The passage of the stars through the sky was something that could be easily observed.  There is a theory that some of the first lines in the Yijing, or book of changes, may actually be a description of the changing of seasons as different aspects of a given constellation rise over the horizon, and the placement of certain stars would help in the adjustment of the lunar calendar, since the moon's orbit does not match up exactly with the solar year, and year the solar year was quite important to things like agriculture and even sailing to the mainland. This all makes 675 a seemingly banner year for science, as four days after the presentation of medicine to the throne, the government erected a platform by which to observe the stars.  This wouldn't need to be much—it could have been an earthen mound, or just a tower, from which one could get above the ground, presumably see over any buildings, to the horizon.  Granted, Asuka might not be the best place for such observations, with the nearby mountains meaning that the true horizon is often obstructed.  Nonetheless, it may have been enough to make calculations. Astronomy platforms, or Tenmondai, would continue to be used up until at least the Meiji period.  Without a telescope, observations were somewhat limited—though they also didn't have the same level of light pollution that we have today.  Remember, many woke just before dawn and went to sleep not too long after the sun went down, which only makes sense when you are living in a place where creating light, while doable, also ran the risk of burning your entire house to the ground. It is worth noting that the sky for the ancient Japanese was likely quite different than what most of us see when we look up, unless you are fortunate enough to live in a place with very little light pollution.  For many of those living today in the cities and suburban landscape, go outside at night and you might see the moon and some of the brightest stars, but for most of the ancient Japanese, they would look up and see the heavenly river, the Amakawa, or Milky Way.  They would have looked up at a sky glittering with myriad dots of light, as well as planets and more.  It was both familiar and strange—something one saw regularly and yet something that was also extremely inaccessible. Astronomical observations would have been important for several reasons, as I've mentioned.  They would have been used to keep the calendar in check, but they would also have likely been used to help calibrate the water clock, which helped to tell time.  Of course, going back to the five elements and yin yang theory, it is also believed that the energy, the qi or ki, changed with the seasons and the movements of the stars and planets—planets were not known as such, of course, but their seemingly erratic movements compared to bright lights in the sky meant they were noticed and assigned values within the elemental system. One of the things that came with the changing seasons, the heavenly movements, and the flow of ki was a concept of "kata-imi", literally directional taboos.  There were times when certain directions might be considered favorable or unfavorable for various actions.  This could be something as simple as traveling in a given direction.  In the centuries to come this would spawn an entire practice of kata-tagae, or changing direction.  Is the north blocked, but you need to travel there, anyway?  Well just go northwest to say hello to a friend or visit your local sake brewery, and then travel due east.  Ta-da!  You avoided going directly north!  There were also mantra-like incantations that one might say if they had to travel in an inauspicious direction to counteract the concept of bad influences. This also influenced various other things, and even today you will often see dates where a year and month might be followed by simply the character for "auspicious day" rather than an actual day of the month. So observing the heavens was important, and it was also important that they tostudy the works of those on the continent, whose records could help predict various astronomical phenomena.  Except that there was one tiny problem:  I don't know if you've noticed, but Japan and China are in two different locations.  Not all astronomical phenomena can be observed from all points of the globe.  The Northern Lights, for example, are rarely seen in more southerly latitudes, and while eclipses are not too rare, a total eclipse only impacts certain areas of the earth, along relatively narrow paths. I mention this because it isn't always clear if the records we get in the Nihon Shoki are about phenomena they directly observed or if they are taking reports from elsewhere and incorporating them into the narrative.  One such event is the comet of 676. The entry in the Nihon Shoki tells us that in the 7th lunar month of the 5th year of Temmu Tennou, aka 676 CE, a star appeared in the east that was 7 or 8 shaku in length.  It disappeared two months later. We've mentioned some of this before, but the sky was divided up into "shaku", or "feet", though how exactly it was measured I'm not entirely sure.  It appears to be that one foot was roughly 1.5 degrees of the sky, give or take about a quarter of a degree, with 180 degrees from horizon to horizon.  So it would have been about 10 to 12 degrees in the sky.  Another way to picture it is if you hold out your arm towards the object, and spread your index and little finger, it would probably fit between those two points.  This comet hung around for some time, and a great part about a comet like this is that it was viewable from multiple locations.  After all, as the earth turned, different areas were exposed to the comet as it passed through our part of the solar system.  Thus we have records of it from not just the Nihon Shoki:  We also find it in the Anglo-Saxon chronicles, where it was thought to have foretold the end of Bishop Wilfred's control of Northumbria.  We also see it in Tang, Silla, and Syrian sources. These sources aren't always in complete agreement.  For one thing, they noted when they first saw it, which might have been impacted by local conditions.  And then conversion between lunar and solar calendars can also sometimes get in the way.  Roughtly speaking, we have the Nihon Shoki providing dates of somewhere from about August or September of 676, on the Western calendar, to October or November. Tang sources put it from 4 September to 1 November.  Silla Chronicles claim that it first appeared in the 7th lunar month, so between August and September.  A Syrian Chronicle notes a comet from about 28 August to 26 October in the following year, 677, but this is thought to have been a mistake.  European sources generally seem to claim it was seen in August and lasted for three months.  All of these sightings put it at roughly the same time. Working with that and with known comets, we think we actually know which comet this is:  The Comet de Cheseaux also known as the Comet Klinkenberg-Cheseaux.  And I should mention this is all thanks to a research paper by M. Meyer and G. W. Kronk.  In that paper they propose that this is the comet with the designation of C/1743 X1, or the common names I just mentioned.  If so, based on its trajectory, this comet would have been visible in 336, 676, 1032, 1402, 1744, and is next predicted to show up in 2097.  And no, those aren't all exactly the same amount of time.  It is roughly every 350 years or so, but with the movements of the solar system, the planets, and various gravitational forces that likely slow or speed up its movement, it doesn't show up on exactly regular intervals.  Still, it is pretty incredible to think that we have a record of a comet that was seen the world over at this time, by people looking up from some very different places. Comets were something interesting for early astronomers.  They may have originally been seen as particularly ominous—after all, in the early eras, they were hardly predictable, and it would take years to get enough data to see that they were actually a somewhat regular occurrence.  In fact, it is likely that early astronomers were able to figure out eclipse schedules before comets.  Still, they seem to have come to the realization that comets were in fact another type of natural and reoccurring phenomenon.  That isn't to say that they didn't have any oracular meaning, but it did mean they were less of an obvious disturbance of the heavenly order. We have another comet mentioned in the 10th lunar month of 681, but that one seems to have had less attention focused on it, and we don't have the same details.  Then in the 8th lunar month of 682 we have an entry about a Great Star passing from East to West—which was probably a shooting star, rather than a comet.  Comets, for all that they appear to be streaking across the sky thanks to their long tails, are often relatively stable from an earthbound perspective, taking months to appear and then disappear again. Then, on the 23rd day of the 7th month of 684 we get another comet in the northwest.  This one was more than 10 shaku in length—about 15 degrees, total, give or take.  Given the date, we can be fairly confident about this one, as well: it was the famous Halley's comet.  Halley's comet is fascinating for several reasons.  For one, it has a relatively short period of about 72 to 80 years, though mostly closer to 75 to 77 years in between sightings.  The last time it visited the earth was in 1986, and it is expected back in 2061.  Halley's comet has been recorded since the 3rd century BCE, and, likely because of its short period, it was the first periodic comet to be recognized as such.  There are other periodic comets with short periods, but many of them are not visible with the naked eye.  Halley's comet is perhaps the most studied comet, given its regular and relatively short periodicity.  It is also connected to the famous writer, humorist, and essayist, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, aka Mark Twain.  He was born only a few days after the comet reached perihelion in 1835 and died a day after it reached the same point again in 1910, and while he may not have visited Japan in his lifetime, it was a period of great change both in his home country of America and in Japan.  America, of course, would undergo a Civil War over the issue of slavery in the early 1860s, and shortly after that Japan would have its own civil war in the form of the Meiji Revolution.  And while he never visited—and translation could only do so much to capture the art of his prose—Mark Twain's works were apparently quite influential in Japan in the early 20th century. Of course, comets were just one of the celestial phenomena to be observed.  The astronomers were interested in just about anything happening in the sky.  We have accounts of both solar and lunar eclipses, and not necessarily full eclipses either.  We even have notice of the movement of some planets, such as in 681, when they noted that the planet mars "entered" the moon. Obviously the astronomers weren't recording every raincloud that came through—at least not in the main chronicles—but they did capture a fair number of events.  They did record particularly memorable storms.  For instances, in the 8th lunar month of 675 there was a storm that is said to have caused sand to fly and which then damaged houses.  This sounds like a wind storm without rain—after all, if there was rain, you would expect that the sand would have been wet and tamped down.  It is possible to have hurricane level winds without the rain.  While typhoons typically bring rain, especially as they usually build up their strength at sea, it is possible to have the winds alone, as I've experienced, myself, in Tokyo.  This most likely happens in an isolated area—there is water and rain somewhere, but the typhoon can be large, so parts of it may only get the wind and little or no rain.  I wonder if something like that happened in this instance.  It is also possible that this record refers to actual sand being brought across from the continent.  In some instances, sand can be lifted up from as far away as Mongolia and carried all the way to Japan, though it is pretty rare. And it wasn't just wind and sand.  We get accounts of hail coming down as large as peaches, torrential rainstorms, and even ash, likely from a volcanic eruption that was otherwise unrecorded.  There are also accounts of snow, though typically recorded in times where you wouldn't expect to see it, such as the third lunar month, which would mean snow in late April or early May. Mostly these storms are mentioned in terms of how they affected the immediate fortunes of the living, but sometimes storms did even more damage.  In 682, for example, a hoar-frost was reported in both Shinano and Kibi in the 7th lunar month.  On its own, this probably wouldn't have been worth mentioning, but the chroniclers add that because of storms the "five grains had not formed".  So storms had diminished the crops and the hoar-frost was apparently the killing blow.  The harvest that year would be lean, and it would not be a happy time for many that winter. And then, just as important as what was happening was what was not.  There are several mentions of droughts, particularly towards the end of Spring, early Summer.  This is traditionally a drier period, and if it is too dry it could harm the harvest.  And so the government was expected to find a way to bring the rain—a tall order, the general resolution to which seems to be prayers and rituals designed to bring rain.  In a place like Japan, I suspect that it was usually just a matter of time before the prayers were "successful", thus reinforcing their presumed efficacy. Some of the things that they recorded were a bit more mysterious.  For example, in the second lunar month of 680 we are told that a sound like drums was heard from the East.  There are many things this could theoretically be, from rumbles of thunder to some other phenomenon, though the following year we have a note about thunder in the West, so theoretically they knew the difference between thunder and drums.  Later that same year, 680, we are told that there was a "brightness" in the East from the hour of the dog to the hour of the rat—about 8pm to midnight.  Was this some kind of aurora?  But wouldn't that have been in the north, rather than the east?    Could it have been some kind of lightning?  But that is a long time for a lightning storm to hang around.  And there are other strange things, some of which seem impossible and we have to doubt.  For example, in 684 they said that, at dusk, the seven stars of the Big Dipper drifted together to the northeast and sank.  Unless they are just recording the natural setting of the stars of the big dipper.  Certainly, over time the constellation appears to rotate around the north star, and it dips down to or below the horizon in the autumn months.  So were they just talking about the natural, yearly setting of the stars, or something else? There may be some clues in that the 11th lunar month, when that was recorded, we see several other heavenly phenomena recorded.  Two days after the Big Dipper set, at sunset, a star fell in the eastern quarter of the sky that we are told was as large as a jar.  Later, the constellations were wholly disordered and stars fell like rain.  That same month, a star shot up in the zenith and proceeded along with the Pleiades until the end of the month.  While this sounds like shooting stars and a possible meteor shower, a later commenter suggested that this was all a heavenly omen for the state of the court, showing the "disordered" state of the nobility at this time.  Of course, this was also a year and change before the sovereign's eventual passing, so there is also the possibility that the Chroniclers were looking at events later and ascribing meaning and importance after the fact. In another account of something seemingly wonderous: in 682 we are told that something shaped like a Buddhist flag, colored like flame, was seen by all of the provinces and then sank into the Japan sea north of Koshi.  A white mist is also said to have risen up from the Eastern mountains. There are various things that could be going on here.  It strikes me that the white mist could be a cloud, but could also be something volcanic.  And the flame colored prayer flag makes me think about how a high cloud can catch the light of the rising or setting sun.  That could look like a flag, and can seem extremely odd depending on the other conditions in the sky. Or maybe it was aliens. Okay, it is unlikely that it was aliens, but I think that these do give an idea of the kinds of records that were being made about the observed phenomena.  Obviously the Nihon Shoki is recording those things that were considered particularly significant for whatever reason.  This could just be because it was something odd and unexplained, or perhaps it was more well known but rare.  It may have even had religious connotations based on some aspect, like evoking the image of Buddhist flags.  And it is possible that it was thought to have had significant impact on events—perhaps even an impact that isn't clear to us today, many centuries removed from the events. Some things were clear, however.  Lightning strikes are often mentioned specifically when they strike something of note.  In 678, we are told that a pillar of the Western Hall of the New Palace was struck by lightning, though apparently the building itself survived.  Then, in 686, Lighting appeared in the southern sky with a large roar of thunder.  A fire broke out and caught the tax cloth storehouse of the Ministry of Popular affairs, which immediately exploded in flames.  After all, a thatched roofed, wooden building filled with kindling in the form of cloth—and likely a  fair amount of paper and writing supplies to keep track of it all—sounds like a bonfire waiting to happen.  There were reports that the fire had actually started in Prince Osakabe's palace and then spread to the Ministry of Popular Affairs from there. It is also worth noting that recording of such events was still somewhat new to the archipelago as a whole. They were learning from the continent, but also defining their own traditions. Observations of natural phenomena weren't just relegated to celestial occurrences or weather.  After all, there was something else that one could observe in the sky:  birds.  Now this wasn't your average bird-watching—though I'm not saying that there weren't casual birders in ancient Japan, and if we ever find someone's birding diary from that era I think that would be so cool.  But there were some things that were significant enough to be mentioned. For example, in 678 we get a report of "atori", or bramblings.  Bramblings are small songbirds which are found across Eurasia.  Notably they are migratory, and are known to migrate in huge flocks especially in the winter time, and sure enough on the 27th day of the 12th month we are told that the bramblings flew from the southwest to the northeast, covering the entire sky.  This makes me think about some of the other mass migrations that used to occur that have largely been reduced significantly due to habitat loss, disruption to traditional migratory routes, and other population pressures on various bird species.  Still, having so many birds that it blocked out the sky certainly seems a significant event to report on.  We later see a similar account in 680, with the flock moving from southeast to northwest.  Given the location of Asuka it sounds like they were flocking in the mountains and heading out over the Nara Basin, perhaps seeking food in another mountainous area. In 682, the birders were at it again.  This time, around midday on the 11th day of the 9th lunar month, several hundreds of cranes appeared around the Palace and soared up into the sky.  They were there for about two hours before they dispersed.  Once again, cranes are migratory and known to flock.  Cranes are also known as a symbol of long life and joy—and I can understand it.  Have you ever seen a flock of cranes?  They are not small birds, and they can be really an incredible sight.  Flocks of cranes themselves were probably not that rare, and it was no doubt more about so many gathering around the palace which made it particularly special. It wasn't just birds in the sky that were considered important symbols, though.  Birds often are noted as auspicious omens.  Usually strange birds, plants, or other such things are found in various provinces and presented to the throne.    So in 675, Yamato presented auspicious "barn-door fowl", likely meaning a fancy chicken.  Meanwhile, the Eastern provinces presented a white falcon and the province of Afumi presented a white kite.  Chickens are associated with the sun and thus with the sun goddess, Amaterasu, and albino versions of animals were always considered auspicious, often being mentioned in Buddhist sources.  Later, in 680, we see a small songbird, a "Shitodo", also described as white, and probably albino, sent to the court from nearby Settsu. Then, in 681 there is mention of a red sparrow.  Red coloration is not quite the same as albinism, though it is something that does occur at times, when the brownish coloration comes out more red than brown, and I suspect this is what we are talking about.  This is most likely just a recessed gene or genetic mutation, similar to causes for albinism, but just in a different place in the DNA.  As for why it was important:  I'd first and foremost note that anything out of the ordinary (and even some ordinary things) could be considered a sign.   Red was also seen as an auspicious color, so that may have had something to do with it as well.  And then there is the concept of Suzaku, the red bird of the south.  Suzaku is usually depicted as an exotic bird species of some kind, like how we might depict a phoenix.  But it was also just a "red bird", so there is that, and perhaps that was enough.  Not that this red sparrow was "Suzaku", but evoked the idea of the southern guardian animal.  A year prior, in 680, a red bird—we aren't told what kind—had perched on a southern gate, which even more clearly screams of the Suzaku aesthetic. It is probably worth noting here that in 686, towards the end of the reign, not that anyone knew it at the time, Ohoama decided to institute a new nengo, or regnal period.  It was called Shuuchou—red or vermillion bird—and it likely referred to Suzaku.  This nengo was cut short, however, with Ohoama's death that same year.  Nengo were often chosen with auspicious names as a kind of hope for the nation, so clearly "red bird" was considered a good thing. A month after the red sparrow, Ise sent a white owl, and then a month after that, the province of Suwou sent a red turtle, which they let loose in the pond at the Shima palace.  Again, these were probably just examples of animals seen as auspicious, though they would have likely been recorded by the Onmyou-ryou, who would have likely combed through various sources and precedents to determine what kind of meaning might be attached to them. Color wasn't the only thing that was important.  In 682, the Viceroy of Tsukushi reported that they had found a sparrow with three legs.  There are numerous reasons why this could be, but there is particular significance in Japan and Asia more generally.  A three legged bird is often associated with the sun Andusually depicted as a black outline of a three legged bird inside of a red sun.  In Japan this was often conflated with the Yata-garasu, the Great Crow, which is said to have led the first mythical sovereign, Iware Biko, to victory in his conquest of Yamato.  Thus we often see a three legged crow depicted in the sun, which was an object of particular veneration for the Wa people from centuries before.  And I suspect that the little three-legged sparrow from Tsukushi  I suspect that this had particular significance because of that image. Animals were not the only auspicious things presented to the throne.  In 678, Oshinomi no Miyatsuko no Yoshimaro presented the sovereign with five auspicious stalks of rice.  Each stalk, itself, had other branches.  Rice, of course, was extremely important in Japan, both from a ritual and economic sense, so presenting rice seems appropriate.  Five stalks recalls things like the five elemental theory—and in general five was consider a good number.  Three and five are both good, prime numbers, while four, pronounced "Shi", sounds like death and is considered inauspicious.  Three, or "San" is sometimes associated with life, and five is associated with the five elements, but also just the fact that it is half of ten, and we have five fingers on one hand and in so many other ways, five is regarded as a good number in much of Asia. That the stalks had multiple branches likely referred to them bearing more than the usual amount of rice on them, which seems particularly hopeful.  Certainly the court thought so.  In light of the auspicious gift, all sentences of penal servitude and lower were remitted.  In 680, Officials of the Department of Law gave tribute of auspicious stalks of grain, themselves.  I'm not sure, in this case, that it was all that they hoped, however, as that began three days straight of rain and flooding. A year earlier, in 679, we are told that the district of Ito, in Kii, immediately south of Yamato, sent as tribute the "herb of long life".  We are told that it "resembled" a mushroom—probably meaning it was a mushroom, or maybe something formed into a mushroom shape.  But the stem was about a foot long and the crown was two spans, about 6 feet in diameter.  This is pretty incredible, and I have to wonder if there is a bit of exaggeration going on here. Another tribute was a horn found on Mt. Katsuraki.  It branched into two at the base, was united at the end, and had some flesh and hair still attached, about an inch in length.  They claimed it must be horn or a Lin, or Kirin, sometimes referred to as an Asian unicorn—a mythical creature considered to be quite auspicious and benevolent.  This was on the 26th day in the 2nd lunar month of the year 680, probably around March or April.  I highly suspect that what they found was an oddly shaped bit of antler from  a buck whose antlers had begun to come in and which might have been taken out by wolves or bears or something else altogether.  The fact that the ends were said to be fused together could just be referring to some kind of malformation of the antlers.  The fur and flesh could mean that the antlers were still growing—antlers would probably just be coming in around early spring time.  Still, there is no telling how long it was there, so it could have been from the previous year as well.  Attributing it to a kirin seems a bit of a stretch, but it was clearly something unusual. Animals and plants were recorded in tribute, but also when something odd happened.  Fruiting out of season was one such occurrence, which we've seen elsewhere in the chronicles as well.  There was even a record when the famous Tsuki tree outside of Asukadera had a branch fall down.  Presumably it was a large and noticeable branch, and by now this appears to have been a tree with a bit of age to it that had seen a lot, so it makes sense it got a mention. Finally, we go from the heavens to the earth.    Perhaps the most numerous observations in the Chronicles were the earthquakes.  We've noted in the past that Japan is extremely active, volcanically speaking, so it makes sense that there are multiple accounts of earthquakes each year, especially if they were compiling reports from around the country.  Most of these are little more than just a note that there was an earthquake, but a few stand out. The first is the 12th lunar month of 678.  We are told that there was a large earthquake in Tsukushi—modern Kyushu. The ground split open to the width of about 20 feet for more than 30,000 feet.  Many of the commoners' houses in the area were torn down.  In one place there was a house atop a hill, and though the hill crumbled down the house somehow remained intact.  The inhabitants had apparently been home and must have been oblivious, as they didn't realize anything had happened until they woke up the next morning. Again, probably a bit of hyperbole in here, but if we think back to things like the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, where large areas of land shifted noticeably along the fault lines, it is likely that this was a similar or even more catastrophic event.  And here I'll give a quick plug for Kumamoto, which is still working to rebuild from the earthquake, and if you ever get a chance, I recommend a visit to the Kumamoto Earthquake Memorial Museum or Kioku, where you can see for yourself just how powerful mother nature can be. Another powerful earthquake was mentioned in the 10th lunar month of 684.  If the earthquake in Tsukushi had hit mostly agricultural areas, based on the description, this seems to have hit more populated regions.  We are told that it started in the dark of night, the hour of the boar, so about 10pm, give or take an hour.  The shaking was so bad that throughout the country men and women cried out and were disoriented—they could not tell east from west, a condition no doubt further hindered by the dark night sky.  There were mountain slides and rivers changed course, breaking their banks and flooding nearby areas.  Official buildings of the provinces and districts, the barns and houses of the common people, and the temples, pagodas, and shrines were all destroyed in huge numbers.  Many people and domestic animals were killed or injured.  The hot springs of Iyo were dried up and ceased to flow.  In the province of Tosa, more than 500,000 shiro of cultivated land sank below sea level.  Old men said that they had never seen such an earthquake.  On that night there was a rumbling noise like that of drums heard in the east—possibly similar to what we had mentioned earlier.  Some say that the island of Idzu, aka Vries Island, the volcanic island at the entrance of Edo Bay, increased on the north side by more than 3,000 feet and that a new island had been formed.  The noise of the drums was attributed to the gods creating that island. So here we have a catastrophic quake that impacted from Iyo, on the western end of Shikoku, all the way to the head of Edo Bay, modern Tokyo.  This appears to be what seismologists have labelled a "Nankai Trough Megathrust Earthquake".  Similar quakes have occurred and are predicted to occur in the future., along a region of Japan from the east coast of Kyushu, through the Seto Inland Sea, including Shikoku, through the Kii peninsula and all the way to Mt. Fuji.  The Nankai Trough, or Southern Sea Trough, is the area where the continental shelf drops down, and where the Philippine tectonic plate slips underneath the Eurasian—or more specifically the Amuric—plate.  As these plates move it can cause multiple events all along the trough at the same time.  Since being regularly recorded, these quakes have been noted every 100 to 150 years, with the last one being the Showa Nankai quakes of 1944 and 1946. For all of the destruction that it brought, however, apparently it didn't stop the court.  Two days after this devastating quake we are told that Presents were made to the Princes and Ministers.  Either they weren't so affected in the capital, or perhaps the date given for one of the two records is not quite reliable.  Personally, I find it hard to believe that there would be presents given out two days later unless they were some form of financial aid.  But what do I know?  It is possible that the court itself was not as affected as other areas, and they may not have fully even grasped the epic scale of the destruction that would later be described in the Chronicles, given the length of time it took to communicate messages across the country. Which brings us back to the "science" of the time, or at least the observation, hoping to learn from precedence or piece out what messages the world might have for the sovereign and those who could read the signs.  While many of the court's and Chronicler's conclusions may give us pause, today, we should nonetheless be thankful that they at least decided to keep notes and jot down their observations.  That record keeping means that we don't have to only rely on modern records to see patterns that could take centuries to reveal themselves.  Sure, at this time, those records were  still a bit spotty, but it was the start of something that would be remarkably important, and even though these Chronicles may have been focused on propaganda, the fact that they include so many other references are an incalculable boon to us, today, if we can just see to make the connections.  And with that, I think I've rambled enough for this episode.  We still have a couple more to fully cover this period. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

En este episodio conversamos en quechua y castellano con la antropóloga y cantante ayacuchana Indira Ventura (@isaura_peru) y con el guitarrista Godofredo Quispe sobre el Harawi, un canto ancestral en quechua que se remonta a tiempos prehispánicos. El Harawi es un género lírico y poético que acompaña momentos fundamentales de la vida andina: desde el entierro de un bebé, la siembra y el matrimonio, hasta la herranza, la limpieza de acequias, los bautizos y los rituales funerarios. Entre estos cantos destaca el Yaku Takiy (canto al agua), que honra a la Madre Agua durante la fiesta del Yarqa Aspiy (limpieza de acequias). Como investigadora, Indira Ventura lo recopiló en su comunidad de Alcamenca (Ayacucho), junto a su familia Magna Ucharima, Zósimo Sulcaray y el maestro retablista Edilberto Jiménez (@edilbertojq23). Aquí lo presenta en una versión especial con el acompañamiento de la guitarra de Godofredo Quispe, quien aporta nuevos matices melódicos que renuevan el Harawi sin perder su raíz ancestral, tradicionalmente ligado a voces femeninas sin instrumentos. La producción reunió el talento de Godofredo Quispe en los arreglos con la guitarra, Jorge “Koki” Solier (@koki_solierc) en la producción musical en DriloRecords, y la casa realizadora Visualtime en la parte audiovisual. El videoclip se grabó en dos paisajes emblemáticos de Ayacucho: la catarata de Puma Paqcha y el mirador de Punkupata, a 4,000 m s. n. m.  

Biashara ya nyumbani inaweza sikika kuwa yakuvutia kwa wengi. Ina punguza gharama, inatoa fursa mbali mbali, inafaa taaluma tofauti, na silazima kazi hiyo ifanyiwe ofisini.

gospel song,health talk,sermon.

Wanafunzi wengi wakimataifa wame wasili nchini Australia, kupitia msaada wa mawakala wa uhamiaji.

gsopel song,health talk,sermon.

gospel song,health talk,knowledge,sermon.

Mazungumzo ya kuunda serikali ya mseto Sudan Kusini, yame kwama baada ya pande husika kuto afikiana kuhusu jinsi wata wagawa mamlaka.

Jifunze jinsi yaku uliza maswali, unapo tazama nyumba unayo tarajia ku kodi.

Kama wewe ni mzazi mtarajiwa au mzazi mpya, huenda umesikia neno hili la kiingereza 'baby blues'. Maana yake ni hisia za uzoefu wa changamoto zaki hisia ambazo wanawake wanne kati ya watano hupata baada ya kujifungua.

This episode we will finish up with many of the smaller episodes in the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tenno.  Most of these are mentions of various public works projects, omens, expansion of the realm, and a couple of other stories, some more believable than others. As usual, more information can be found at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-101 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 101: Ponds, Peaches, and Thunder-gods. First off, a big thanks to Red and Ryan for helping to support the site and our show.  If you would like to join them, we'll have more information at the end of the episode, or check out our website at sengokudaimyo.com. When we last left off, we were going through some of the more random events that happened in the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou. and we're going to continue with that this episode, touching on some of the things that happened in the latter part of her reign, starting in about 613 and going from there—and some of this is more exciting than others.  I'll try to hit the high points, but some of this will be familiar if you've been listening along. For example, one of the THRILLING things we'll start with (at least if you are a frog) is the building of ponds.  In the winter of 613, we are told that the ponds of Waki no Kami, Unebi, and Wani were constructed.  We've seen the construction of ponds since at least the time of Mimaki Iribiko, aka Sujin Tennou, the purported “first” sovereign, from around the probable time of Queen Himiko.  The exact nature of these ponds doesn't seem to be known, but one theory is that they are for irrigation of rice paddies in places where the water wasn't consistently sufficient for everyone's needs—a pond would allow for water to be gathered up throughout the year and then released when it was needed for the rice paddies.  More ponds may have indicated the opening of more fields, indicating continued growth.Ponds also had other uses, however, including breeding fish, and they were a habitat for birds, so this would also help encourage hunting and fishing.  Finally, the ponds were public utilities, and part of the way the Court flexed their power as they raised levies for the ponds' construction.  We might also say something about the way they indicated a certain amount of control over the land – but of course, most of these ponds are in the Nara basin and Kawachi regions, and so it doesn't tell us a whole lot more than what we already know about the centralized control there.  They were important enough, however, that by the 8th century the creation of these ponds was still being tracked and attributed to specific rulers. If you're wondering what it might have been like to travel around in this period of Japan, you might be more interested in the fact that in the same line about the ponds, we are also told that a Highway was built from Asuka to Naniwa.  This is believed to be the path of the ancient Takeuchi Kaidou in Kawachi, which some of the literature  claims is the “oldest official road” in Japan.  This road  connects to the Yoko-ohoji in Nara, which links the modern city of Sakai, near Ohosaka, with the city of Katsuraki, and presumably it then connected with other paths down to Asuka.    I suspect that the “official” qualifier is in there is because we have evidence of when it was made, whereas other roads and highways, such as the old highway along the foot of the mountains on the eastern edge of the Nara Basin, are perhaps even more ancient, but are simply mentioned, without evidence of how or when they were created—they may have been more organic footpaths that came to be heavily traveled, or just created with no record of who and when. This new highway was notable for connecting the port at Naniwa to the current capital and to the newly built temples in the Asuka area, as well. These temples were new institutions, but they were also fairly permanent structures, unlike even the palace buildings, which were still expected to be rebuilt each reign.  Of course, they could be moved—and were, in later periods—but it was going to take some doing.  That said, there were other permanent structures and religious sites—heck, many of the kami were associated with mountains, and you couldn't exactly move those, though they did have the ability to build sacred spaces elsewhere and bring the kami to them, so you weren't exactly tied to the physical geography.  And there were the giant kofun, but I'm not sure how often people were going to the kofun to worship the ancient kings and other elites, other than perhaps family members paying their respects.  The building of a highway to the capital alone would probably be an interesting flex, since the next sovereign could move somewhere else entirely.  But the temples were intended to be relatively permanent institutions, as far as I can tell, so even if the capital did move, the fact that there was a road there was probably going to be a big boon to the area. Of course it probably didn't hurt that this area was also a Soga stronghold, and so at least the Soga family would continue to benefit, which may have gone into *some* of the political calculus, there. It was also going to help with envoys to and from the continent.  And that leads us along to the next item of note about Kashikiya-hime's reign: sure enough, in the sixth month of the following year, Inugami no Kimi no Mitasuki and Yatabe no Miyatsuko were sent on a new embassy to the Sui court.  By the way, quick note on these two.  Inugami no Mitatsuki is given the kabane of “kimi”.  If you recall, the sovereign is “Oho-kimi”, or “Great Kimi”, and so “Kimi” is thought to be an important title, possibly referring to a high-ranking family that held sway outside of the immediate lands of Yamato, and Yatabe is given to us as “Miyatsuko”, also generally referring to one of the higher ranks of nobility under the kabane system—though not necessarily the inner court families of the Omi and the Muraji.  It is unclear whether those kabane were in use at the time, but it does indicate that the families were important.  An ancestor of the Inugami first shows up in the reign of Okinaga Tarashi Hime, aka Jingu Kougou, which is interesting as there are some who claim that the stories of that reign really solidified around the time of Kashikiya Hime, which is to say the current reign.  We'll get more into that in a future episode, but for now we can note that the Inugami family doesn't really seem to show up after that until this reign, and from here on out we see them as one of the regular interlocutors with the continent, whether the Sui, Tang, or on the Korean peninsula. The Yatabe are much more enigmatic.  Other than this entry, we don't have a lot.  There is an ancestor, Takemorosumi, mentioned in the reign of Mimaki Iribiko, aka Sujin Tennou, and there is some reasonable thought that they may have been set up for the maintenance of Princess Yata, the wife of Ohosazaki no Mikoto, aka Nintoku Tennou, but I don't see any clear indication one way or the other.  They aren't really mentioned again except as a family during the late 7th century. These two, Inugami no Mitatsuki and the unnamed envoy of the Yatabe family, would return a year later, bringing with them an envoy from Baekje.  Later in the year they would throw the envoy an elaborate feast.  We aren't given much else, but seems like relations were good. Shortly after the feast for the Baekje envoy, however, the monk Hyeja—or Eiji, in the Japanese reading—returned to his home in Goguryeo.  Hyeja had been one of the teachers of none other than Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi himself, and the two are said to have shared a special bond.  Shotoku Taishi eventually became Hyeja's equal, and it is said that they both discussed Buddhist teachings and philosophy together, with Hyeja appreciating Shotoku Taishi's unique insights.  When Prince Umayado eventually passed at an all too early age, the news reached Hyeja on the peninsula and he held a special feast in his student-turned-peer's honor.  They say that he then predicted his own death, one year later, on the anniversary of Shotoku Taishi's own passing. But that was still to come.  For now, you could say that everything was peachy—and so they did… sort of, in the next item of note.  What they actually said was that in the first month of 616, at the beginning of Spring, the Peach and Plum trees bore fruit, which may seem an odd thing to comment on.  However, Peach and Plum tress flowering or fruiting would be something that the Chroniclers commented on for at least the next two reigns, as well as in the reign of Oho-ama, aka Temmu Tennou, in the 7th century. It is possible that they were commenting on how they were fruiting out of season—the peach, or momo, in Japanese, blossoms between late March and mid-April.  This is around the same time as the plum, in this case the Sumomo, rather than the “ume” plum, sometimes called a Japanese apricot.  Momo and Sumomo would blossom towards the start of spring, and so it might be possible for them to blossom around the first month of the New Year, especially if that was a little later than it might be today, but highly unlikely that they would be fruiting.  Assuming they were talking about the blossoms—and some later accounts explicitly call out the flowers instead—it may have indicated a particularly warm winter or early spring season that year.  It is also possible that the Chroniclers were off on the dates at times, and so may have made some mistakes. It is also possible that they were recounting an odd event—having the peach trees and plum trees fruit or blossom at the obviously wrong time would likely have generated some concern, and thus be worthy of noting down as an omen.  It is also possible that this is part of a stock phrase that was used to indicate something else, like the start of Spring or a good or bad omen.  Peaches were thought to keep away evil spirits and it was said that they were the fruit of immortality in the western paradise of the Queen Mother of the West.  Peaches are often common decorations on Buddhist temples, as well—going back to the same stories about warding off evil and longevity. Whatever the reason, the blooming and fruiting of peach and plum trees was particularly important to the Chroniclers for this period—for whatever reason. Beyond the talk of peaches, in 616 there was something else, something fairly simple, but apparently important:  Men from the island of Yaku arrived as immigrants. This is the first mention of Yaku Island, and if you haven't heard of it I wouldn't blame you.  It is an island south of modern Kagoshima, off the southern tip of Kyuushuu, and just west of another famous island, that of Tanegashima.  Yakushima, today, is known for its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site—so classified for its incredible natural beauty.  It is the home to some truly ancient cedars, with some thought to date back as far as 2300 years ago, well into the Yayoi era.  It is mentioned in the Nihon Shoki as well as Sui dynasty records, and in numerous other travel accounts since. We have evidence of human activity going back at least 17,000 years ago, so before even the Jomon era, though the earliest evidence of habitation on the island is more like 6,000 years ago—about 500 to a thousand years after the famous Akahoya eruption, which devastated Kyushu and which we discussed back in episode 4.  Yakushima would also have been devastated, situated as it is just south of the Kikai caldera, and it was likely devastated by pyroclastic flows along with its neighboring islands.  Since then, it was populated by people that were now, in the 7th century, making contact with the people of Yamato—perhaps indicating that Yamato had even further expanded its reach. Over the course of the year 616 the Chronicles note several groups of immigrants from Yaku Shima.  First was a group of three men who came as immigrants in the third month.  Then seven more arrived two months later.  Two months after that, you had a group of twenty show up.  They were all settled together in a place called Eno'i.  It isn't exactly clear where this is.  Some sources suggest that they came to the Dazaifu in Kyushuu, and so were settled somewhere on Kyuushuu, possibly in the south of the island.  There is also a connection with the name “Enoi” coming out of Mino, in the form of the Enoi family, which the Sendai Kuji Hongi says was an offshoot of the Mononobe family. Wherever they ended up, they stayed there for the rest of their lives. We aren't done with Yaku Island, though.  Four years later, we are told that two men of Yaku were “cast away”—which I suspect means banished—to the island of Izu, Izu-no-shima.  Once again, we are left wondering exactly where that is, though it may refer not to an island, at least not entirely, but to Izu no Kuni, the land of Izu, on the Izu Peninsula.  Aston suggests that perhaps at this time “shima” didn't mean just an island, but any place that was mostly surrounded by water, including a peninsula like Izu.  It could also mean one of the nearby islands, such as Ooshima, the largest of the islands to the east of the Izu peninsula. Nine years later, in the reign of the succeeding sovereign, Yamato sent an envoy, Tanabe no Muraji, to the island of Yaku.  I suspect that this was part of making the island an official part of the country. Records of the island fall off for a bit, but it does get mentioned, along with neighboring Tanegashima, in the reign of Temmu Tennou, in the latter part of the 7th century.  To be fair, the Nihon Shoki only continues until 696, but we continue to see them in the Shoku Nihongi, the continuation of the court historical records.  Sure, Yakushima was probably never going to be a huge story from a political perspective, but it does give us some insight into just how far Yamato's influence reached at this point. Going back to the record, we have another fruit related account.  This time it is about an enormous gourd coming out of Izumo—one as big as a, well… we aren't exactly sure.  The character they use is read “kan”, and today often refers to aluminum cans and the like, but that is a relatively recent meaning, if you'd believe it.  In the 7th and 8th century it was probably something more like “pou” and may have meant an earthenware pot for storing alcohol, like the Greek amphorae, or it may have been in reference to a kind of musical instrument.  Either way, we are talking a pretty good sized gourd.  Not sure if it would take a ribbon in some of today's largest pumpkin contests, but still, impressive for the time. Moving beyond the State Fair category of entries, we come to one of my favorite events.  It takes place, we are told, in 618, when Kawabe no Omi was sent to the land of Aki to build ships.  He went with his crews up into the mountains to fell timber when he met with something extraordinary, which was still being depicted in paintings centuries later, although most people probably haven't heard the story. Now the name Kawabe first shows up as the location of one of the Miyake, or royal granaries and administrative centers set up in the land of Ki, south of Yamato on the peninsula, in 535.  The first record of a person by the name, however, is less than auspicious:  It was the assistant general Kawabe no Nihi, who is panned by the Chroniclers for his actions during the reign of Amekunioshi.  As we discussed in Episode 82, Kawabe snatched defeat from the jaws of victory due to his lack of military expertise. This next mention of a Kawabe family member is coming a good many years later, but the family does seem to have recovered somewhat.  Kawabe no Omi no Nezu would be appointed a general several years later—and that could be the same Kawabe no Omi from this story, as there was only about seven or so years between events.  Furthermore, members of the family would find themselves in the middle of some of the most impactful events of the court, indicating their high status.  Multiple family members would be remembered and memorialized in the histories over the rest of the century, whether for better or for ill.  Which makes it a little interesting to me that the story of this Kawabe family ship builder does not give us a personal name of any kind. Now, later interpretations of this particular story would say that this Kawabe no Omi was out building ships on the orders of Prince Shotoku Taishi himself, though the Nihon Shoki would seem to indicate that he was out there, instead, at the behest of the sovereign herself, Kashikiya Hime.  Of course, given what the Nihon Shoki has to say about Shotoku Taishi's contributions to running the government, it could be either one.  Regardless, he had a job to do.  He searched through the forest and he found suitable trees for the timber he needed:  in all likelihood he was looking for large, straight trees, which would have a good grain and not so many knots to cause problems.  I suspect that older trees were likely preferable for the task.  Having found what he was looking for he marked it and they began to chop down the marked trees. Suddenly a man appeared—a stranger, or perhaps just a local coming to see what all the fuss was about.  He warned Kawabe no Omi and his men that the tree they had marked was a “thunder tree” and it shouldn't be cut.  To this Kawabe no Omi asked: “Shall even the thunder-god disobey the royal commands?”  However, he didn't just barrel on with the task.  Instead, he and his men started by offering mitegura, offerings of cloth.  This was likely done to appease any spirits before the crew got started, and I wonder if this was something exceptional, or perhaps something that people regularly did, especially when you were taking large, older trees.  It isn't clear, but an 8th century crowd no doubt understood the significance.  Once they had finished providing recompense to the kami, they went about their task. Suddenly, out of nowhere, it began to rain.  As the water poured down from the sky, thunder and lightning came crashing down.  Apparently the offering had *not* been accepted, and the kami was now quite angry.  While his men sought shelter, Kawabe no Omi drew out his iron sword and held it aloft, crying out to the angry kami:  “O Kami of Thunder, do not harm these men!  I am the one that you want!”  So saying, sword held aloft in the midst of this unexpected thunderstorm, he stood there, watching the roiling clouds, and waiting.  Ten times the lightning flashed and crashed around them, the thunder rolling each time.  One can only imagine the sight as Kawabe no Omi stood there, wind whipping his hair and clothes as he challenged the storm.  And yet, try as it might, the thunderous lightning did not strike Kawabe no Omi.  Finally, the lightning stopped, and Kawabe no Omi was still unharmed. As the men came out of hiding, they noticed a disturbance.  Above them, there was movement, and the men saw the strangest thing:  Up in the branches of the tree was a small fish.  Near as anyone could reckon, the god had turned visible, taking the form of a fish, and so Kawabe no Omi caught the fish and burnt it.  After that, they were able to safely harvest the rest of the timber and build the ships. While we may have some doubts as to the veracity of the story, or may even wonder if a particularly violent storm hadn't picked up fish from a nearby water source, an event that has been known to happen, it still holds some clues about how the people of the time thought and how they believed the world worked.  Even today, older trees and even rocks are thought to house spirits.  In some cases, shrines are built up, and people will worship the spirit of a particular tree or rock, so it isn't so far fetched to think that they were harvesting ancient trees that were believed by locals to contain some kind of spirit, which, if aroused, could bring serious harm to Kawabe no Omi and his men.  This is probably why they made their offering in the first place, hoping that would be enough to placate the spirit. At the same time, we see them drawing on the power of the sovereign, who isn't even present.  Kawabe no Omi's protection is in that he is following the sovereign's commands, and that alone is his shield.  Heck, he even goes so far as to raise up his sword.  I know we are still an eon from Ben Franklin and his kite, but I'm pretty sure that people had figured out certain things about lightning, beyond just “don't be out in it”, namely “don't wave around pointy metal things in the middle of a storm”. As for the symbolism of the kami turning into a fish, well, who knows just how kami think about these things?  They don't always do things that make sense.  For instance, there is one story where a man prayed for a boat, and the kami gave him one, but put it on top of a nearby mountain.  Maybe they just weren't that accurate, or maybe they didn't quite get how the visible world works, sometimes.  It is also possible that the kami turned itself into a helpless fish on purpose, as a sign that it was giving up, since it clearly had not been able to best Kawabe no Omi, and the burning of the fish may have also had some significance. Whatever the reason, the boats were built and not even the kami could defy the will of the sovereign. Now there were a few other things that happened the following year—more strange and bizarre happenstances.  The first was the on the fourth day of the fourth month, when there came a report of a creature shaped like a man in the Kamo river in Afumi.  Who knows what it was?  Perhaps it was some kind of kappa or other river spirit.  Or perhaps it was some stranger skinny-dipping and he just really put everyone off.  Or it was just a weird log viewed from the wrong angle.  Whatever the reason, the people were put off, and Aston notes that this was probably considered an inauspicious omen. Then, in the 7th month, a fisherman from the land of Settsu caught something in one of the manmade canals, or horie, in the area of modern Osaka.  The creature he caught was part fish and part man—perhaps that same creature that had been seen three months earlier further upriver, like some kind of ancient Yamato mermaid.  What exactly did it mean, though?  Certainly it seems a strange occurrence, but was it considered a good or bad omen?  Or was it just weird and strange? The following year, there was a shape in the sky.  The Chroniclers say it was red, shaped like a rooster tail, and over a rod—about ten feet or so—in length.  Perhaps this was a rogue cloud, being kissed by the red light of the rising or setting sun.  Or perhaps it was something else entirely.  These were the kinds of things that were likely seen as omens, though whether a good or bad omen, who could say?  A fishman in the rivers?  A red glowing light in the sky?  Often it wouldn't be until later that such things would be pieced together. In this case, the omens were likely pretty dire, as in that same year we are told that none other than Prince Umayado—Shotoku Taishi himself—grew ill, and passed away.  The whole of the realm mourned their collective loss.  The Crown Prince of the Upper Palace, heir to the throne of Yamato, was dead.  So yeah, I would say those were some pretty bad omens. Umayado's death would leave a real void.  Where there had once been certainty of succession, the land was back in the chaos of wondering what would happen when Kashikiya Hime finally passed away.  Would they be returned to a state of civil war for the throne?  Who could say?  And there was more.  The continent was also in a state of uncertainty, as only recently, the Sui dynasty had been overthrown, and now the new Tang was in its place.  In addition, a resurgent Silla on the Korean peninsula was getting ever more bold and sure of its own power.  There were many things to be concerned about. But let's not leave it on such a note.  We can cover all of that in future episodes—we really don't have time to go over all of it here.  But there is one other story I'd like to leave you with this episode. You see, a little earlier that year—the same year that Umayado passed away—the Yamato court had finished covering the tomb of Hinokuma with pebbles.  Although the kofun, today, are often overgrown, and seem as much like wooded hills as anything else, back in the day there would have been no mistaking their manmade origins.  The ground was cleared and tamped down into place.  The sides rose in distinct terraces, and the surface was covered in stones.  Around it would be the clay and wood haniwa.  Families were employed to keep the kofun, and likely refreshed them from time to time.  In the case of Hinokuma, recall that earlier in the reign Kitashi Hime, Kashikiya Hime's mother, had been re-interred with her husband.  This was likely further ceremonies for her, perhaps the culmination of years of work on the tomb.  We are also told that earth was piled up onto a hill, and each family erected a wooden pillar.  One official, Yamato no Aya no Sakanoue no Atahe, decided to go all out.  Maybe he didn't get the memo.  Or maybe he thought he would make a name for himself.  Either way, brought in the largest pillar—larger than any other of the family heads that were present. And, well, he did make a name for himself, though perhaps not the name he wanted.  That name was Ohohashira no Atahe, or the Atahe of the Giant Pillar.  Probably not exactly what he was going for, but there you have it.  By the way, if you recognize that name, Sakanoue, then you may have noticed that yes, this is likely an ancestor of the famous Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, a famous warrior of the late Nara and early Heian period, and the second person ever to carry the title of Sei-i Taishogun—but that is still over a century and a half away. For now, in the coming episodes, we'll finish up the reign of Kashikiya Hime, perhaps touch briefly on what was happening on the continent, and continue on as we make our way through the latter part of the seventh century. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for her work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Australia ni nyumbani kwa baadhi ya wanyamapori wa aina mbalimbali na wanaovutia duniani, matokeo ya kutengwa kwa Australia kama bara na historia yakipekee ya mageuzi ambayo yametokea kwa ma milioni ya miaka.

Peluches, calzoncillos y reuniones con jueces. Además de propuestas y risas. Así fue el #CastigoDivinoElectoral con Yaku Pérez.

El candidato que ya fue parte de la Asamblea, Bruno Segovia, y el eterno candidato a asambleísta, Javier Orti, se enfrentan a duelo por Yaku y Hervas, mientras nos cuentan sus intenciones en la Asamblea que nadie quiere.

[Recorded on March 20 and released now while Jeremy is on vacation] Alyssa forgets to disclose to Jeremy that she is also going to Japan at the end of April and the hype is even realer than before. Jeremy is watching Nigeru wa Haji da ga Yaku ni Tatsu and playing the Resident Evil 2 Remake and Sons of the Forest. And both give minimal updates on Like a Dragon: Ishin.  They also brush over the standout releases for April and The Oscars 2023. HBO's The Last of Us spoilers of the finale and the game Part 2 start from 26:50-37:50.   New podcast theme music by the wonderful Joey Mossman! Please check out his Instagram and SoundCloud. Find us on our Twitter, Official Website, and community Discord. Leave us a review on Apple Podcasts if you enjoy our podcast and subscribe on our platform!

Para Dina Boluarte no era posible una luna de miel. Hubo protestas en el país, el gobierno las reprimió dejando muertos y heridos, y naufragaron todas las salidas a la crisis. En el camino, el Congreso se resistió a adelantar elecciones, vino el ciclón Yaku, y caímos en el letargo, a la espera del 2026 para volver a girar la ruleta electoral. La esperanza es salir del hoyo o hundirnos más en el abismo.

“Ni siquiera la respuesta gubernativa ante los desastres naturales ha logrado conmover a la opinión pública y variar su rechazo al régimen. Según la última encuesta del IEP, publicada hoy en La República, su aprobación se mantiene en apenas 15% y su desaprobación crece un punto, de 77 a 78%”Puedes leer la columna aquí: http://bit.ly/42F0DUjhttps://open.spotify.com/episode/Juancarlostafur688

Our presenter Roger Hearing discusses the banking crisis as high profile investors fear there are more pockets of distress yet to emerge after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and problems at Credit Suisse. Museums come under the spotlight as the Acropolis Museum in Athens today welcomed back three fragments of the Parthenon marbles from the Vatican in a special ceremony. Many Greeks think more of its ancient treasures should be brought back home and not kept in foreign museums. And we head to Peru, where at least 13,000 people are struggling with damages caused by cyclone Yaku. It's been a week since this rare phenomenon hit the country, but rains and landslides persist.

Al desastre de Yaku se le sumó un terremoto que se sintió hasta Trujillo... y el desastre de las autoridades, las actuales (como las de Lima y Punta Hermosa) y las antiguas (como las de Pedro Castillo). MIENTRAS TANTO: Confirmado por una agenda: Dina Boluarte sí recibió aportes de Shimabukuro y conservas Beltrán. ADEMÁS: Caviaradas de los anticaviares. Y... Mira las Iniciativas para ayudar a los damnificados por Yaku (que no son del Congreso). TAMBIÉN: Ganadores de nuestros sorteos.

17-III-2023. IN ORBE TERRARUM: ‘Regimina’ ‘in orbe terrarum’ ‘TikTok’ ‘securitate’ ‘prohibent’. IN EUROPA: ‘De Silicii Vallis lapso’ ‘et de suis effectis in mercatibus numariis’ ‘chronico’: ‘Silicii Vallis lapsus’ ‘mercatibus numariis’ ‘terret’. ‘BNP Paribas et Societas Generalis’ ‘decem centesimas partes’ ‘cadunt’ et ‘Europae argentarie’ ‘in bursis argentariis’ ‘super Helvetiae Creditore dubitationibus’ ‘ruuntur’. ‘Helvetiae Aregntaria Centralis’ ‘ad Helvetiae Creditorem’ ‘creditum’ ‘ex circa quinquaginta quattuor milia miliardum dollarium’ ‘offert’, et ‘sortes pecunarias (in lingua anglica ‘shares’)’ ‘resiliunt’. ‘Europae Argentaria Centralis’ ‘creditorum rationem’ ‘ad tres punctum quinque centesimas partes’ ‘augmentat’. ‘Alii nuntii’ ‘in Europa’ ‘sunt’: ‘Europa’ ‘armorum invectiones’ ‘duplicat’. IN CONTINENTE TERRA EUROPAE. IN UCRAINA: ‘De Ucrainae Bello in Bakhmout’: ‘Vehementes pugnae’ ‘in Bakhmout media urbe’ ‘sunt’. ‘Zelensky’ ‘affirmat’ Russiam’ ‘ingentia detrimenta’ ‘in Bakhmut’ ‘sufferre’. ‘Supra milia centum miles russicos’ ‘una hebdomada’ ‘in Bakhmout’ ‘mortui sunt’. ‘Etiam’ ‘in Ucraina’: ‘Kiev’ ‘nuntiat’ ‘quadrigentos sexaginta quattuor puellos’ ‘bello’ ‘in Ucraina’ ‘occidisse’. IN BRITANNIA: Translationes de Britanniae nuntiis ex Israel García Avilés. Gary Lineker in BBC reddet dum duces concedant. Sunak rei militari dat quinque milium milionum libras ad oppugnandam Rusiam. Primus Minister circa naves submarines pactum faciat ut oppugnare novum periculum. Sunak admonet de periculis quibus proveniunt ex Sina Rusiaque. Impulsus stipendiis ut senescere dum Hunt paratus ut ea augere. Hunt rationem pecuniae ad augmentam pecuniam offeret, negotiis milium milionum pollicetur. In collocationem pecunariam et inopiam collaboratorum attentionem cogit. Augmentum quatuor milium milionum ad institutiones quibus pueros curant. Ne habebit deminutiones pecunarias. IN HISPANIA: ‘Hispaniae et Italiae argentariae’ ‘bursarum ruinas’ ‘post Silicii Valle argentariae lapsum’ ‘ducunt’. ‘Euribor’ ‘maiorem lapsum’ ‘in historia sua’ ‘argentariorum terrore’ ‘suffert’. ‘Alienora’, ‘Principissa Asturiarum’, ‘militaris aeducationem’ ‘accipiet’. ‘Hispaniae regimen et collegii opificum’ ‘pensiononum reformationem’ ‘conveniunt’. IN GALLIA: ‘Discriminis nummarii spectrum’ ‘bursis et mercatibus nummariis’ ‘circumit’. ‘Pretiorum inflatio’ ‘in Gallia’ ‘in Februarii mense’ ‘sex punctum tres centesimas partes’ ‘fuit’. ‘Senatus’ ‘reformationem’ ‘pro pensionibus’ ‘approbat’. ‘Emmanuel Macron’ ‘consultationes’ ‘ in Nationis Coetu’ ‘incipit’. ‘Postridie’, ‘Galliae regimen’ ‘repente’ ‘quadraginta novem punctum tres articulum’ ‘elegit’ ‘ad aetatis secessionis reformationem decernendum’. Etiam, ‘LIOT et RN’ ‘contra Galliae regimen’ ‘arguendam sententiam’ ‘inserunt’. IN BELGICA: ‘Inspectiones’ ‘de repraesentantium pensionibus’ ‘desunt’. ‘Inter quadraginta annos’ ‘sine inspectionibus’ ‘sunt’. IN GERMANIA: ‘Facinora violentia’. ‘Duas puellas’ ‘de puelli homicidio’ ‘accusatas sunt’. ‘Germania’ ‘climatis metam’ ‘praeterito anno’ ‘pervenit’. ‘Scholz’ ‘nuntiat’ ‘arma’ ‘ad Ucrainam’ ‘missurum esse’. ‘Dieta foederalis Germaniae (in lingua germanica ‘Bundestag’)’ ‘reducere sibi’ ‘ad sexcentos triginta sodales’ ‘consciscit’. IN ITALIA: ‘De migrantibus’. ‘Tragoedia in Libia est’, ‘circa trigintas personas mortui sunt’ et ‘septedecim salvati sunt’. ‘Schlein Factio Popularis (abbreviatione PD)’ ‘nascitur’. ‘Haec factio’ ‘ex milennii generatione (in lingua anglica: ‘millennias’)’ ‘est’. ‘Cifra maxima’ ‘ex perditis nummariis’, ‘minus quattuor centisimas partes’, ‘uno die’ ‘in Bursa italiana’ ‘fuit’. IN CIVITATE VATICANA: ‘Decem annis’ ‘cum Francisco’: ‘Deo gratias’. ‘Franciscus Pontifex, decem annis cum eo’ et ‘via longa’ ‘ad ambulandum’ ‘est’. Franciscus petit: ‘Orate pro me’. IN POLONIA: ‘Polonia’ ‘affirmat’ ‘speculationis retem’ ‘exarmavisse’: ‘novem personas captas’ ‘fuerunt’. IN BIELORUSSIA: ‘Kalingrado’ ‘timet’. ‘Mortui’ ‘in Bielorussiae fine’ ‘sunt’. IN MEXICO: ‘Andreas Emmanuel, Mexici praesidens’, ‘declarat’ ‘Mexicum tutiorem quam Civitates Foederatae Americae’ ‘esse’. ‘Septem mulieres’ ‘in Celaya’ ‘vanescut’; ‘autem post dies’ ‘quinque’ ‘necant’. ‘Zea mays transgenetica’ ‘valetudinem’ ‘vere nocet’. ‘Decotio’ ‘ex duobus Americae argentariis’ ‘anxietatem’, ‘borsarum argentariarum lapsus’ et ‘nummi mexicani infirmitatem’ ‘in America Latina’ ‘provocant’. ‘Edmundus Iacobus’ ‘ad Institutum Nationalem Comitialem (abbreviatione ‘INE’)’ ‘redet’. ‘Viginti quinque societates numariae’ ‘aquam’ ‘siccitate’ ‘ad Mexicana in urbem’ ‘concedet’. ‘Ad Ministerium Gubernationis’ ‘data privata’ ‘ex mexicaniis’ ‘dant’. ‘AMLO’ ‘nominationes’ ‘pro Instituto Nationale Claritatis, Aditum ad Informationem et Protectio Datorum Personarum (abbreviatione INAI)’ ‘vetat’. IN SALVATORIA: ‘Bukele’ ‘duo milia praesides’ ‘ad maximae securitatis carcerem’ ‘transfert’. IN AEQUATORIA: ‘Centum sexaginta una societates nummarias nocitas’ ‘in Guayas in Aequatoria’ ‘pluviis’ ‘sunt’. IN PERUVIA: ‘Yaku, turbo procellarum’, ‘Limam’ ‘battuit’. ‘Peruviae economia’ ‘unum punctum duodecim centesimas partes’ ‘cadit’. IN BOLIVIA: ‘Bolivia’ ‘energiam electricam’ ‘ad Argentinam’ ‘exportabit’. IN COLUMBIA: ‘Viginti unus operarios metallici’ ‘diruptione’ ‘in Sutatausa’ ‘mortui sunt’. IN ARGENTINA: ‘Pretiorum inflatio’ ‘centum centesimas partes’ ‘hoc anno’ ‘superat’. ‘Creditorum ratio’ ‘pretiorum inflatione’ ‘denuo augmentant’, nunc ‘ad septuaginta octo centesimas partes’ ‘augent’. IN CILIA: ‘Ciliae curia inferior’ ‘praesidentis fiscalis reformationem’ ‘recusavit’. IN ORIÉNTE MEDIO. IN ISRAELE: ‘Praegravis inceptio’ ‘contra iudicialis reformationem’ ‘pro democratia’ ‘in Israele’ ‘surrexit’. IN CONTINENTE ASIATICA. IN MEDIA ASIA. IN IRANIA: ‘Clamores’ ‘in Irania’ ‘continuant’. ‘Vigil’ ‘agitatores’ ‘barbare aggreditur.’ IN ARABIA SAUDANIA: ‘Irania et Arabia Saudiana’ ‘rationes diplomaticas’ ‘restituut’. IN ASIA ORIENTALI. IN SINIS: ‘Sinarum oeconomia’ ‘crescit’ quia ‘consumptio’ ‘augmentat’. IN TAIVANIA: ‘Honduria’ ‘a Taivanai abiit’ et ‘ad Sinas accedit’. IN COREA SEPTENTRIONALIS: ‘Corea Septentrionalis’ ‘missiles’ ‘a nave submarina’ ‘iacit’. ‘Civitates Foederatae Americae et Corea Meridionalis’ ‘excercitationes militares’ ‘incipiunt’. IN BIRMANIA: ‘Saltem triginta personas’ ‘in monasterio’ ‘necant’. ‘Atrocitas’ ‘ad regiminis excercitum’ ‘addicunt’. IN IAPONIA: ‘Iaponia et Corea Meridionali’ ‘novam aetatem’ ‘in rationibus diplomaticis’ ‘aperiunt’. IN CONTINENTE TERRAE AFRICA ET IN OCEANIA. IN AETIOPIA: ‘Antonius Blinken’ ‘Aethiopiae’ ‘ad pacem inter regimen et frontem popularem confirmandum’ ‘visitat’. IN MALAVIO ET IN MOZAMBICO: ‘Plus quam quadrigentae personae’ ‘Freddy turbo’ ‘mortui sunt’. IN AFRICA AUSTRALI: ‘Africae Australis praesidens’ ‘mundus’ ‘ex corruptione’ ‘declarant’. IN AUSTRALIA. ‘Australiae regimen’ ‘pecuniae collocationem magnam’ ‘pro defensione’ ‘subscribit’. ‘Naves submarinas nucleares’ ‘emit’.

Coahuila con nevadas por frente frío 42 Guadalajara nombrada uno de los lugares más grandiosos del mundo en 2023 7 muertos y 10 mil afectados por Ciclón Yaku en Perú

PODCAST del Domingo 19 de Marzo de 2023 1ra Hora 1. Dios se presenta según su Libre Albedrío y es Alegre como un niño, por Alfa y Omega. 2. Proverbios Cap. 1 Motivo de los proverbios. Amonestaciones de la Sabiduría. 3. Misión Internacional confirma violación de DDHH en Perú. 4. El temporal deja 50 muertos, 48 heridos y 8.000 damnificados en una semana. 5. Damnificados por lluvias en Lima piden no ser tratados como animalitos. 2da Hora 6. Los Mandamientos fueron pedidos, tal como se pide la vida, por Alfa y Omega. 7. Proverbios Cap. 2 Excelencias de la Sabiduría. 8. El ciclón Yaku provoca inundaciones y daños materiales en la capital de Perú. 9. Varias familias resultaron damnificadas a causa de las fuertes lluvias en distintas regiones de Perú. 10. Los jóvenes protagonizan las batallas que libra Cuba. 3ra Hora 11. El Paraíso y sus leyes, la desobediencia, por Alfa y Omega. 12. Proverbios Cap. 3 Exhortación a la obediencia. 13. Xi de China visitará Rusia por primera vez desde guerra de Ucrania. 14. Biden pide al Congreso dureza contra los banqueros en medio de las turbulencias del mercado. 15. Estadounidenses endeudados hasta el cuello con tarjetas de crédito.

Diez millones de niños en el Sahel necesitan asistencia humanitaria urgente debido al conflicto armado. El ciclón Freddy llega ahora a Malawi causando grandes daños. El 40% de las provincias peruanas en estado de emergencia a causa del ciclón Yaku. La hambruna amenaza a Afganistán mientras la agencia alimentaria de la ONU recorta la ayuda por falta de fondos.

La ministra de Salud, Rosa Gutiérrez, se fue a Washington en pleno Yaku. Dijo que el lunes "la situación era distinta". TAMBIÉN: La primera víctima de los huaycos en Lima. MIENTRAS TANTO, EXCLUSIVO: Testimonios ante la fiscalía de los sobrevivientes de la masacre de Ayacucho. Seis breves historias de huamanguinos que confirman haber sido víctimas de las balas militares. Y... Más viajeros en pleno desastre: Malcricarmen y sus amigos. TAMBIÉN: Medio millón para los lujos de Martha Moyano. (EXTRA: Nuestro tercer aniversario) **** ¿Te gustó este episodio? ¿Buscas las fuentes de los datos mencionados hoy? Entra a http://patreon.com/ocram para acceder a nuestros grupos exclusivos de Telegram y WhatsApp. También puedes UNIRTE a esta comunidad de YouTube aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP0AJJeNkFBYzegTTVbKhPg/join **** ¿Quieres que tu emprendimiento sea mencionado en La Encerrona? Regístrate aquí para postular: https://encerroners.club

Francia. IL governo vara la riforma delle pensioni senza voto. Macron ha deciso di usare l'articolo 49.3 della costituzione per scavalcare il parlamento. Migliaia di persone stanno protestando a Parigi. 2-Israele. Nuova giornata di mobilitazione contro la riforma giudiziaria. Per evitare la spaccatura del paese il presidente Herzog ha offerto una sua mediazione che è stata subito respinta dal premier Netanyahu. ( Eric Salerno) 3-Kenya. Survival denuncia il progetto Carbonio insanguinato sulle terre dei popoli indigeni. Secondo l'ong La vendita di crediti di carbonio potrebbe far aumentare le violazioni dei diritti umani , senza combattere i cambiamenti climatici. ( Fiore Longo- Survival) 4-Perù. Il passaggio del ciclone Yaku continua causare danni e a provocare disagi. finora si contano 58 morti. ( Corrado Scropetta - WeWorld) 5-Diario americano. Nello Stato del Texas attesa una sentenza cruciale per il destino della pillola Ru-48. ( Roberto Festa)

Toda la fuerza de Yaku llegó a Lima. Los ríos Rímac, Chillón y Lurín se desbordaron a lo largo de toda la metrópoli. El gobierno ha tomado una serie de medidas para hoy, las contamos aquí. MIENTRAS TANTO, EXCLUSIVO: El gobierno sabía: dos informes de setiembre del año pasado advirtieron del alto riesgo de la temporada de lluvias para este verano. ADEMÁS: El responsable del retraso del inicio de clases tiene un nombre y no es Yaku, sino Becerra. Y...Tenemos ganadores de nuestros sorteos frikis... y otro sorteo igual. TAMBIÉN: Masterclass de poesía, servicios de ilustración y juegos para cinéfilos, todo de emprendedores peruanos. **** ¿Te gustó este episodio? ¿Buscas las fuentes de los datos mencionados hoy? Entra a http://patreon.com/ocram para acceder a nuestros grupos exclusivos de Telegram y WhatsApp. También puedes UNIRTE a esta comunidad de YouTube aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP0AJJeNkFBYzegTTVbKhPg/join **** ¿Quieres que tu emprendimiento sea mencionado en La Encerrona? Regístrate aquí para postular: https://encerroners.club

Nicolás Lúcar: ¿De qué te vale reconstruir un colegio que fue dañado si en la próxima lluvia de nuevo se va a colapsar? Noticias del Perú y actualidad, política.

Las lluvias intensas han ido incrementándose durante la última semana han afectado a diversas zonas del país, sobre todo en el norte, provocando diversos daños a la infraestructura y economía. ¿Cuánto dinero están perdiendo las regiones? ¿Cómo afecta al bolsillo de los peruanos? ¿Cómo afecta al turismo?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ahora el Congreso pide donaciones mientras gasta más de un millón de soles en viajes al extranjero para 54 congresistas... y quiere darle la mitad de ese monto a una aprista desaforada. MIENTRAS TANTO: No pueden salir de Lima: dos ministros y un viceministros son expulsados por la gente durante visitas a regiones. ADEMÁS: Un segundo ex-TC entra a Sunedu... y fue candidato fujimorista. Y... Si quieres colaborar con los damnificados por "Yaku", aquí te ofrecemos varias opciones validades. TAMBIÉN: Más sorteos por nuestro aniversario. **** ¿Te gustó este episodio? ¿Buscas las fuentes de los datos mencionados hoy? Entra a http://patreon.com/ocram para acceder a nuestros grupos exclusivos de Telegram y WhatsApp. También puedes UNIRTE a esta comunidad de YouTube aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP0AJJeNkFBYzegTTVbKhPg/join **** ¿Quieres que tu emprendimiento sea mencionado en La Encerrona? Regístrate aquí para postular: https://encerroners.club

¿Llegará "Yaku" a Lima? Lo cierto es que el epicentro del desastre ahora es La Libertad. TAMBIÉN: López Aliaga pide una cadena de oración. MIENTRAS TANTO: Un exasesor de Castillo acusa a Dina Boluarte de haber recibido 150 mil soles como donativo de campaña... después que acabó la campaña. ADEMÁS: La gente de Otárola toma Indecopi y Servir. Y... Seguimos con más regalos y novedades por nuestro aniversario. TAMBIÉN: Pensando el Perú más allá de la coyuntura, con Norma Correa. **** ¿Te gustó este episodio? ¿Buscas las fuentes de los datos mencionados hoy? Entra a http://patreon.com/ocram para acceder a nuestros grupos exclusivos de Telegram y WhatsApp. También puedes UNIRTE a esta comunidad de YouTube aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP0AJJeNkFBYzegTTVbKhPg/join **** ¿Quieres que tu emprendimiento sea mencionado en La Encerrona? Regístrate aquí para postular: https://encerroners.club

Yaku y el trabajo de nombrar fenómenos y prepararnos para sus consecuencias.Lee el artículo aquí: https://jugodecaigua.pe/como-nombrar-nuestros-problemas/******Pensar, escribir, editar, grabar, coordinar, publicar y promover este y todos nuestros artículos en este pódcast, cuesta y nosotros los entregamos sin cobrar. Contribuye en www.jugodecaigua.pe/suscribete y, de paso, espía como suscriptor nuestras reuniones editoriales.Haz click aquí para seguirnos en TwitterHaz click aquí para seguirnos en Facebook Haz click aquí para seguirnos Instagram

- Chính phủ Peru vừa ban bố tình trạng khẩn cấp tại bảy vùng do bão Yaku gây lũ lụt trên diện rộng tại khu vực miền bắc nước này, khiến hàng trăm gia đình phải di dời và bị cô lập. Tác giả : Phương Anh/VOV1 Chủ đề : peru, khẩn cấp, bão yaku --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/vov1tintuc/support

"Yaku" va dejando cuatro víctimas en Piura y dos en Chiclayo, sin mencionar los miles de damnificados. ¿Es el preludio de un Niño Costero? Responde Patricio Valderrama. MIENTRAS TANTO: Ayer hubo interpelación por la toma de San Marcos... y el ministro del Interior se fue feliz. Y con Otárola ni siquiera habrá eso. ADEMÁS: El Ministerio de Cultura se inmola por Becerra. Y... ¡La Laptop de la Corrupción ya tiene una ganadora! Entérate quién es y qué otros sorteos tenemos por nuestro tercer aniversario. **** ¿Te gustó este episodio? ¿Buscas las fuentes de los datos mencionados hoy? Entra a http://patreon.com/ocram para acceder a nuestros grupos exclusivos de Telegram y WhatsApp. También puedes UNIRTE a esta comunidad de YouTube aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP0AJJeNkFBYzegTTVbKhPg/join **** ¿Quieres que tu emprendimiento sea mencionado en La Encerrona? Regístrate aquí para postular: https://encerroners.club

Auge y caída de Grika Asayag, la misteriosa mano derecha de Dina Boluarte, y cómo se filtraron sus chanchullos. MIENTRAS TANTO: En un evento insólito para nuestro país, tenemos un ciclón en las costas peruanas. Se llama "Yaku". ADEMÁS: Las condecoraciones de Dina a MVLL y de RLA a Patricia Benavides. Y... En el Perú, el 52,1% de los nacimientos no fueron deseados en el momento de la concepción. La importancia de la planificación, especialmente en zonas rurales, en este bloque con el patrocinio de Flora Tristán. **** ¿Te gustó este episodio? ¿Buscas las fuentes de los datos mencionados hoy? Entra a http://patreon.com/ocram para acceder a nuestros grupos exclusivos de Telegram y WhatsApp. También puedes UNIRTE a esta comunidad de YouTube aquí https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP0AJJeNkFBYzegTTVbKhPg/join **** ¿Quieres que tu emprendimiento sea mencionado en La Encerrona? Regístrate aquí para postular: https://encerroners.club

AMLO se reúne con dirigentes de la OPEP, Hacienda y Pemex´El Tío´ se declara culpable de conspiración internacional de tráfico de cocaína en EE. UUEstado de emergencia por ciclón Yaku en Perú

Lluvias se intensifican en Ecuador debido al ciclón Yaku ubicado en la costa peruana --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hechosecuador/message

The Yakuverse is one of the most anticipated cyberpunk metaverse games being built on Solana. PapiChuloGrim, Chief Marketing Officer at Yaku Corp joins Brian Friel to talk about their approach to building open world games that facilitate social interactions and e-commerce, and what the future holds for metaverse games being built in web3. Show Notes:00:06 - Intro01:13 - PapiChuloGrim background03:57 - Background on Yaku, an open world gaming experience05:30 - Overview of Yaku API08:55 - Overview of Yaku App11:47 - Overview of Yakuverse game17:49 - What the future looks like for blockchain Metaverse games21:36 - A builder he admires in the ecosystem Full Transcript:Brian Friel (00:06):Hey, everyone and welcome to The Zeitgeist, the show where we highlight the founders, developers, and designers who are pushing the Web3 space forward. I'm Brian Friel, developer relations at Phantom, and I'm super excited to introduce our guest, Papi, the chief marketing officer of Yaku Corp. Yaku Corp is developing one of the most anticipated cyberpunk metaverse games on Solana. Papi, welcome to the show.Cole McMillian (00:29):Glad to be here, Brian, thank you for having me. Excited to dive in a little bit to what we've got going on.Brian Friel (00:34):Yeah, likewise. I think you have one of the most unique names of any guest we've had on here on The Zeitgeist so far, so you're already winning an award for that.Cole McMillian (00:42):Anything is possible on Web3, right?Brian Friel (00:45):Yeah, exactly. You never know who you're talking to on some of these shows, but I'm really excited to talk to you guys. You guys are building a really ambitious game on Solana, which I think has a lot of promise in the gaming space on Solana, and some of the stuff you guys are doing, building foundational pieces of connecting gaming environments to Phantom and Solana wallets, so really excited to dive into all that today. But maybe before we do all that, I would love to learn a little bit about you. Who are you and how did you get involved with Solana and Yaku?Cole McMillian (01:13):Absolutely. My real name is Cole. We were actually joking a little before this, at the in-person events, I'll introduce myself as Cole because people feel strange calling me Papi in real life, but then ultimately, they just keep calling me Papi. My background is primarily digital marketing. Before making the dive full-time into Web3, the majority of my career, I was the head of digital strategy and on the side, I had a small digital consultancy that was primarily focused on media production and paid media. Then, I ultimately made a short transition into sales before diving headlong into Web3. The sales pivot really was actually what got me here. I moved from Kansas City, where I'm originally from, to the Oregon Coast and had a lot of free time on my hand making such a big move. During that time I just was able to dig a little deeper into the world of crypto, which had always intrigued me.(02:13):Naturally, got involved in Solana, based on some poor experiences on Ethereum and what I thought was not a conducive ecosystem, actually, on the crypto.com Cro coin ecosystem to the sort of things I was interested in and how I wanted to grow in my pursuits in this space. Ultimately, I joined Yaku just by organically finding the project. I was one of the first couple hundred people to join the Discord and when I saw the vision and the scope, I said, "This is awesome. Why is there not more attention on it yet?" Ultimately, I became very close friends with our CEO, Kevin, and we've had a really great rapport and he asked me to join the team in a larger capacity. A few months later, I said, "Web2, we're good for now. I'm going to go chase this Web3 thing full-time" I've been full-time coming up on, I believe, 10 months now. What a crazy time to go full-time, by the way.Brian Friel (03:10):Well, 10 months is ancient in crypto, as well. 10 months is about five years experience there in most jobs.Cole McMillian (03:16):It's fun to try to explain that to people. In my sales job, I had another regional manager who was a little further south of me down in the California area who said, "I think that guy, Cole, left to do Bitcoin," so we've still got some education to do, right?Brian Friel (03:31):Yeah, for sure. Well, let's dive into a little bit of what you were saying. You found this project early on, one of the first people in the Discord, and you were blown away by the scope and the ambition of this project. For those who aren't familiar with Yaku, what is Yaku, what is this concept of a Yakuverse? It sounds like there's more than just a game here, maybe just a whole ecosystem, but can you give us a little high-level understanding of everything that you guys are up to?Cole McMillian (03:57):Absolutely. The high-level overview, short pitch of Yaku is I like to refer to it as an interactive open world gaming experience, so a lot of people will sum this up as metaverse. I think that just the word metaverse has had a very strange connotation evolve over the last year or two, because people are confused as to what that really means. There's so many ways you can view a metaverse, there's so many different lenses through which people absorb it, and so to me, I've tried to get a little bit away from that terminology, but I definitely want to stick to the ethos of it.(04:32):We're very centered around gaming, online interactions, I'd say that it's, in some ways, the next evolution of social media. Instead of repping a profile picture, you're repping an avatar, you're having these live, in-person chats. I think that you will see a good evolution from things like Twitter spaces to more, quote unquote, in-person digital experiences like that via these virtual worlds. I think for us, the three main things, to sum it up, are we are centered on gaming, facilitating social experiences, and then the third key is we want to elevate the experience of online commerce, of e-commerce.Brian Friel (05:08):That's awesome. In addition to the game that you guys have, which I introed it saying that there's some cyberpunk elements to this, but I'll let you describe that in your own words, but you guys have really built out a whole infrastructure side of this, as well. You guys actually have what you call Yaku API. Can you talk a little bit about what is that and how do you envision developers working with this API?Cole McMillian (05:30):Absolutely. It's been something we've been working on for quite a while that we haven't really been publicly disclosing, not because it's anything to hide, but just because it's maybe getting a little into the weeds, but now that we're getting close to getting to a first version of these final product layers, as we call them, it's really good for people to, I guess, visualize how do these things all work together? The Yaku API is what we call layer one of our product layer. What we are doing is we are constantly listening to nodes, we're gathering transactions on the blockchain. We're doing that on both Solana and Ethereum, by the way, which we can dive a little bit more into that. We're very much built on Solana, but sticking to that metaverse ethos, we want to do our best to include some of these other communities, because ultimately, the ships will all rise with the tide and there's great communities everywhere. So, built on Solana and we're checking these nodes.(06:29):The second part of that is we're also continually scraping social media data. Not only do we have, through the second layer of our products, the capability in our Yaku app at Yaku.ai to connect your social accounts to the profile you build there, but on the API side of things, we're just continually gathering this data. This is data, everything from how many profile pictures are there being worn by users from a particular collection to the size and scope of the ecosystem as a whole, how many generally are there across the board and just trying to track those user data points. I think how we see people being able to use this in the future is being able to utilize it to create their own interactive experiences, because we are really trying to be focused on this gaming and social side of things. We're not necessarily positioning this, I think, as an opportunity to go out and create a DeFi application.(07:29):There's been some really cool innovations, actually, on this open API front right now. I believe it was Helios Labs rolled out some really cool innovations recently, as did Hello Moon shortly after. Data's really important. People need it as easy to read, as accessible as possible, for them to make the correct decisions to format it and ultimately, to springboard them to what it is they're trying to build long term. I think for us, the goal for this is to facilitate the gaming side of that thing. For us, what we are using it for, as it feeds into the funnel, is to help create a experience that aligns with users' interests and activities and what it is that they're doing from a day-to-day basis, whether that be the NFTs they are buying, how they are trading with their friends, how they are interacting and representing on social media. That's how we are using it internally and I assume that others will find the data the way that we've collected it and will be distributing it, good for similar use cases.Brian Friel (08:30):That's awesome. I like the analogy there of you saying that the API is the layer one and then you hinted at you have this app at Yaku.ai and then you have this game, as well. Maybe before we dive into the game, which is maybe what most people really want to know about, let's talk briefly about that app, as well. What is currently at Yaku.ai? I see you guys have a number of different widgets and applications there. Who's using this and what are they using it for?Cole McMillian (08:55):The Yaku.ai application is really viewed as the partner application to the Yakuverse. We're talking about layers, the third layer is the Yakuverse, so the API feeds into the app and the app feeds into the game. The app allows you to create your own profile, you can connect with Phantom and also MetaMask, which is hilarious because initially, when we talk about including these other communities, MetaMask was the one. We're very excited, because we work more frequently with Phantom, that you all have finally onboarded these other communities because it makes our lives a little easier. Not to shill for the audience out there, but I do think Phantom far exceeds the user experience on MetaMask. I'm just waiting for the day that Phantom takes that crown away.Brian Friel (09:45):Oh, love that, appreciate that. Hopefully, by the time this episode's out, we'll be very, very close to opening up our beta to the public, but that day is coming soon. I can't wait.Cole McMillian (09:54):Yes, absolutely. The app, generally, is a place where you can manage your entire Web3 life, both on the financial side and on the social side. On the social side, we've got Dialect Chat already pulled in there so you can communicate freely with people, we have some base functionality, where you could do things like earn social badges that display on your profile, you can connect with friends. In a soon-to-be-released update, so here's some alpha, I don't know exactly when this is going live, but my guess is it may beat this update, we are introducing communities, so you can actually see how many users there are within the application that also own the NFTs that you do, in hopes that we can facilitate some social congregation within that app amongst holders, in addition to a bunch of other stuff.(10:42):We have everything from burning multiple NFTs, multiple NFTs send. Probably the coolest on, I guess, the project management side of things is we've got an automated HR tool, so if you want to go in and set up automatic ACH-style payments for your moderators, alpha hunters, whatever it might be, you could just go in there, set the intervals, what the pay is, and you don't have to think about it, it just does it on its own.Brian Friel (11:07):I love that. The alpha drop on the podcast, that's great.Cole McMillian (11:09):Got to get it out there a little bit. I'm notorious for having loose lips, so if our community tunes in and they hear that I didn't drop any, I might get skewered in the general chat.Brian Friel (11:20):Oh, that's great. Well, that's a great picture you painted of the first layer of the API, the second layer, the app. Now, let's talk about the game. Ostensibly, this is what most people that I see on Twitter, whenever I tweet anything about Yaku, my notifications get flooded with your guys' user base. You've got a lot of rabid fans for this game. Can you talk a little bit about what this game is, how do I play this game, what's the story, and how do you see this game evolving?Cole McMillian (11:47):This is, for me, my favorite thing. I am also the marketing guy, so I am biased. The numbers side of things, sometimes, I won't lie, I gloss out just a little, so this for me is my favorite thing, especially being a longtime gamer. The general feel, I would say, for a traditional gamer that we are going for is a cyberpunk-themed futuristic, neon-lit world with a similar general play style to something like Grand Theft Auto. We actually are currently testing our alpha version of the open map internally with the community and letting them poke around and in a few weeks, we will have a much larger public launch, where we'll be able to go in and fix those bugs, as well as add in some added functionality.(12:36):On that first public version that we are really trying to get out there, what you'll be able to do is sign in using our Yaku Relay, which is our connection between Phantom and Unreal Engine. It essentially serves as a single signature to read all of your profile data on the app, on Yaku.ai. What that allows us to do is create token-gated experiences. Not only can anyone come in and drive a motorcycle around, race their motorcycle, use proximity chat to hang out with their friends, go hit the shooting range, there's some more fun information for you, we already started impslementing some PVP stuff, so they'll be able to go in and race and shoot and congregate and hang out and explore the open world, which is pretty large actually.(13:20):That's been the first feedback we've gotten from in this first alpha test is, "Wow, this is a lot bigger than I thought it would be." But additionally, through this API input through the Yaku Relay, we can do things like create a tower for Monkey Dow, which currently sits in the center of downtown, and create a token-gated experience, where only holders of that NFT can get into that area. That is really able to be extrapolated out to innumerable experiences. If you were interested, you could create a specific minigame that's only accessible to your holders. We could do a special short-time promotional event for Phantom, as an example, if you were wanting to have a virtual conference, to some degree. There's just a lot of ways that this can unfold and create these unique experiences. That's really what we're trying to facilitate, is an open world that's accessible to everyone and based on the communities you take part in and how you interact within that world, you'll be able to elevate the base experience. Brian Friel (14:24):That's super cool. This game, you mentioned it briefly, but it's currently in alpha, is that correct?Cole McMillian (14:29):It is, yes. It's the first alpha version of the full open map.Brian Friel (14:33):That's awesome. I think this is a great use case for crypto gaming. Like you said, you can build these expansive worlds for games we know and love, like Grand Theft Auto, I'm also thinking a World of Warcraft, you're exploring through this world, finding things.Cole McMillian (14:46):Absolutely.Brian Friel (14:48):But there's so much open public data on crypto already, you can just bring that in and enhance the experiences. I'm interested to hearing from you, too, you mentioned that it probably best resembles a metaverse, but maybe you don't like the term metaverse.Cole McMillian (15:02):Right.Brian Friel (15:03):Do you see a world where the Yaku universe in which you are is blending with other games that are on chain, as well, and you can bring other games' assets into Yaku, you could bring your Yaku character into other games? Do you guys think about that much and how do you see that unfolding?Cole McMillian (15:18):That's definitely something that we are using as a cornerstone of our general growth ideology, I would say. We already have, in this alpha version, avatars representing, I think, nine other communities currently live, and in the first public version that goes out, we'll probably have five more, if I had to guess. We'll be starting off with a pretty good representation of several different communities and for us, that serves many benefits. Number one, it really sticks with our company ethos of decentralization, number two, it enhances the experience, both for people who own those assets and are able to utilize them in more ways, but also for people who maybe don't and they are just looking for a broader experience generally. We're definitely going to continue to do that. We've talked to other collections above and beyond the avatars about things like vehicles.(16:18):We had a collection that we worked with closely leading up to their mint, we sort of incubated them, called Cha Cha Vans, that their branding is around the digital nomad lifestyle. They have these awesome 3D vans, so those will also be available in that first public version as a drivable vehicle. We don't want to really slow it down there. We've talked for a long time that if we can create something akin to a software platform for other creators to leverage, it will just make the experience that much more grand and ultimately, drive more users to the platforms. At the end of the day, we're a small team. I'm very proud of what we've made, but we are a big bottleneck. If we want to centralize all of it to ourselves, we're really doing the community and ourselves a bit of a disservice.Brian Friel (17:00):I totally agree. I love that thinking of it. It's funny, because most games today, the whole story of the game and what you decide to go out in the world to do is often set very top-down by whoever the game publisher is, then you get these MMOs and you can just go out in the world and do your own thing or get creative. It feels like this is the next evolution of that, you are basically giving everyone the tools to bring whatever assets they want into this sandbox world that you've created. Who knows, maybe one day someone else could even drive the storyline? Do you guys see that in the future, someone else coming in and almost co-owning development of this? Do you think that you guys will always be driving the vision of this? That's a pretty far-out there question, but I do wonder what the future for these metaverse game developments, where the vision for it goes.Cole McMillian (17:49):I think long term, again, it just makes sense, because when you're working with a world that is so large and so flexible and the attention economy is so fast, people are moving from place to place so quickly, especially in this world, it is lightning fast as compared to the traditional gaming world, I think providing more experiences, providing opportunities for people to build on what you have set out for them, is a win-win across the board. It's driving more traffic to us and ultimately, if they're driving traffic to their particular storyline, their particular experience within our world, we will benefit as a result, because they have to come to our world to experience it. I definitely see that in the future as being part of what we are implementing.(18:37):I know from our end, we are very excited to... You talk about, "Oh, I can see the ideas of questing and exploring in this sandbox feel." I think that that's something we've really embraced, because for me, personally, this is a personal opinion, I think, a lot of the, quote unquote, metaverse experiences that are out there now do not have player retention. You get in, there's an open map, there's things to look at, but there's not really much to do. I think that's why we're trying to hammer more on the gaming side of things rather than just creating, necessarily, this open world, because that's what we want is people who come in and stay and as a result, have all of these benefits around them that they can leverage, in addition to whatever is the core driver for them.(19:22):We do have, coming out soon, a new GitBook, what we're calling the YakuWiki, and it includes general information about the project as it sits right now, things like our community. We always get the question what's with the lemons, because there's constantly lemons in our content, and so now, forever and always, I'll be able to send people there and go, "Hey, I, you check out the Wiki, it's in there. You get the full history of it." Part of the Wiki is also the future though, where are we headed? We're waiting to release that, but I will give you a snippet that part of that future is that we want to, I think, change what does a multiverse of game modes look like under a single umbrella and concept.(20:02):We're working on a point system that we can implement in the future that is basically as a result of all of these different inputs. It is based on your racing outcomes, when the racing game portion is live, it's based on your completion of quests, as there are quest lines that are created, it's based on your activity in the application, it's based on your activity on socials, all these data points feeding into what is one larger goal that everyone is achieving. I think that that is going to be a really good opportunity for what you're talking about, where you're not siloed to a single style or experience and you're also empowering other people to create their own that can feed into this larger concept.Brian Friel (20:43):That's really awesome. I love the vision you're laying out there, that's really cool. I also want to know what's up with the lemons, but we can save that little bit of alpha for the Wiki release. I don't want to steal too much.Cole McMillian (20:53):The really short version is we had one member early, early on in the Discord who reacted to every single announcement with a lemon emoji. It just slowly picked up steam until the point where it got to 1,200, 1,300 lemon reactions on a single post. We were like, "You know what? The community is making a stance on this emoji here, so we're just going to adopt it as one of our own."Brian Friel (21:17):I love it, that's the best. When stuff like that arises organically, that's 100% the best, one of the best parts of working in this space, as well. Well, Papi, this has been an awesome discussion. One question we ask all of our guests, and given the vision you just laid out, I'd love to hear this answer from you, is who is a builder that you admire in the Web3 ecosystem?Cole McMillian (21:36):This one is really easy for me, actually. I saw this question and I said, "I know exactly who it is." It's someone I talk to, I would say regularly, not super frequently, but regularly, we're doing some stuff together. They're, I think, a really good balance between someone who is a heads-down shipper and someone who is an active participant, as well, and is no bullshit, which is maybe my favorite thing, and it's got to be Foxy Dev from the Famous Foxes, man.Brian Friel (22:05):Love it.Cole McMillian (22:05):He always keeps it like it is, he is a straight shooter. What I think I appreciate most about him is one of the hangups I think we have in the space, in general, is because of that attention economy I was talking about earlier, the question when arises all the time. There's so much pressure, there's announcements for announcements for announcements because you've got to keep the attention here and there's always people moving to do things. He is very, very good at staying active, really reaching out to his community and getting their feedback, but shipping things when they're ready and not trying to play the it's coming, it's coming game. He is a guy who just builds relentlessly and when it's ready, it's ready and if you want it sooner, well, you'd better just chill out and wait for it.Brian Friel (22:49):I couldn't agree more. You're not the first to bring him up and we have had the Famous Foxes on the pod before. But I agree, when, when, when is we went mobile all the time back in the day. It's definitely part of the culture, but when you can back it up with shipping quality on your timeline, that's the best place to be.Cole McMillian (23:06):100%, man.Brian Friel (23:07):Well, Papi, this has been an awesome discussion. Thank you so much for coming on the show. Where can people go to learn more about Yaku?Cole McMillian (23:13):If you want to learn some more about Yaku, I would suggest jumping in the Discord, for sure. Custom URL, so just /YakuCorp, and go to the website, check out Yaku.ai. Make a profile, claim your name, and start checking out what's there, because it is about to have a pretty big facelift, as well, and I think that people will be excited for the direction that it's headed.Brian Friel (23:36):I love it. Bring your lemons to the Discord, too. Get them ready.Cole McMillian (23:39):Yes. We'll make fresh lemonade or limoncello, whatever you prefer.Brian Friel (23:43):Beautiful. Papi, the chief marketing officer of Yaku Corp. Thank you so much.Cole McMillian:I appreciate it Brian. 

Afya ni moja ya vitu ambavyo wanaume wengi kote duniani hufeli kutilia maanani, wengi wao wakisubiri hadi wanakuwa katika hali mbaya zaidi kupata huduma.

Wanachama wengi wa jamii zawa Afrika wanao ishi Australia, wamepitia uzoefu wakukosa nyumba za kodi zinazo faa familia zao.

Professor Muna Yaco is the head of the independent Human Rights Commission in The Kurdistan region.Professor. Yaku is an expert in international law and has lectured at the University of Salahuddin in Erbil. She has published more than 24 academic research papers as well as many books in the areas of human rights and international law.Naseem Sadiq interviewed Professor Yaku to discuss her latest dissatisfaction and disturbing circumstances preventing her from fulfilling her job as the Head of the Human Rights Commission in KRG.Many disturbing facts are revealed, as you will find out in this interview.

NotiMundo -Yaku Pérez, Suspensión Minería en Quimsacocha by FM Mundo 98.1

Marlon Santi y Yaku Pérez, Movilizaciones y Liberación Iza by FM Mundo 98.1

En Ecuador, el Consejo Nacional Electoral todavía no ha establecido quiénes serán los candidatos que definirán la presidencia del país el 11 de abril. Yaku Pérez, candidato presidencial del Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik, mantiene este martes el segundo lugar que le da la posibilidad de ir a una segunda vuelta. Pérez asegura que extiende “las manos a todos los candidatos que se quedaron y que no llegaron al balotaje”. El candidato agrega que está dispuesto a trabajar con Guillermo Lasso, candidato del Movimiento Creando Oportunidades (CREO), si este está de acuerdo “con pagar impuestos”, buscar la unidad nacional y respetar el medio ambiente, entre otros. Y Xavier Hervas, candidato del partido Izquierda Democrática, le responde a Fernando del Rincón a cuál candidato apoyaría en la segunda vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de Ecuador. Para conocer sobre cómo CNN protege la privacidad de su audiencia, visite CNN.com/privacidad

En Ecuador, el Consejo Nacional Electoral todavía no ha establecido quiénes serán los candidatos que definirán la presidencia del país el 11 de abril. Yaku Pérez, candidato presidencial del Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik, mantiene este martes el segundo lugar que le da la posibilidad de ir a una segunda vuelta. Pérez asegura que extiende “las manos a todos los candidatos que se quedaron y que no llegaron al balotaje”. El candidato agrega que está dispuesto a trabajar con Guillermo Lasso, candidato del Movimiento Creando Oportunidades (CREO), si este está de acuerdo “con pagar impuestos”, buscar la unidad nacional y respetar el medio ambiente, entre otros. Y Xavier Hervas, candidato del partido Izquierda Democrática, le responde a Fernando del Rincón a cuál candidato apoyaría en la segunda vuelta de las elecciones presidenciales de Ecuador. Para conocer sobre cómo CNN protege la privacidad de su audiencia, visite CNN.com/privacidad

A cinco días de las elecciones generales en Ecuador, la última encuesta de Cedatos señala que el candidato presidencial Andrés Arauz de Unes cuenta con el 21,9% de la intención de voto, mientras que Guillermo Lasso, de Creo, tiene el 21,2% y Yaku Pérez, de Pachakutik con el 14,5% de la intención de voto. ¿A quién apoyaría Pérez de no pasar a la segunda vuelta? El candidato le responde a Fernando del Rincón.Para conocer sobre cómo CNN protege la privacidad de su audiencia, visite CNN.com/privacidad

A cinco días de las elecciones generales en Ecuador, la última encuesta de Cedatos señala que el candidato presidencial Andrés Arauz de Unes cuenta con el 21,9% de la intención de voto, mientras que Guillermo Lasso, de Creo, tiene el 21,2% y Yaku Pérez, de Pachakutik con el 14,5% de la intención de voto. ¿A quién apoyaría Pérez de no pasar a la segunda vuelta? El candidato le responde a Fernando del Rincón.Para conocer sobre cómo CNN protege la privacidad de su audiencia, visite CNN.com/privacidad

Luis Eduardo Vivanco entrevista al candidato a la presidencia Yaku Pérez

It's almost Halloween! Welcome back for your latest squeeze of FPL JUiCE! Join us as we have some spooky PUNditry fun, take a look back at Gameweek 6 and see how we all fared, catch up with ‘The Agent', smash some more FPL Jargon, see what's going on in the JUiCE League, Preview Gameweek 7, reveal the winner of the Beavertown Beer giveaway and see Nick and Ash eat a Naga Ghost Chilli! We've got Harold Shipman, Musketeers, The Bill, and much, MUCH more! What are you waiting for?! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.