Podcasts about Kami

Cześć czołem! Zapraszam Was na rozmowę pięćdziesiątym gościem Podcastu Specjalnego - Grzegorzem Kamińskim, graczem Dzików Warszawa! Rozmawiamy o przeskoku z juniora do seniora, nieoglądaniu NBA, sukcesach w pływaniu i tym, czy Grzegorz jest prawdziwym spot-up shooterem! Grzegorz Kamiński:▶ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/grzegorzkaaminski/▶ Dziki Warszawa: https://dziki.basketball/Utwory wykorzystane w odcinku:Intro - Premise On The Beat - The FinalsOutro - Philanthrope x mommy - BurgundyWspieraj PS na Patronite! ▶▶ https://patronite.pl/podcastspecjalny ◀◀Sprawdź Mercz! ▶▶ https://patronite.pl/podcastspecjalny ◀◀

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Amir dan Lusi akan membandingkan dua menu mie yang sedang populer yaitu “Mie Gacoan” dan “Mie Wizzmie”. Mereka akan mengulas cita rasa, tingkat kepedasan, tekstur mie, hingga keseluruhan pengalaman mencicipinya mana yang lebih enak dan worth it untuk kamu coba?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di www.bingkaikarya.comDisclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!#HonestReview

Tamu #QNAMETROTV yang satu ini dikenal publik sebagai wakil rakyat dan kerap berisik dalam menyuarakan aspirasi masyarakat. Namun, profesi sebelumnya yang merupakan aktris juga masih sangat melekat di ingatan masyarakat. Kami akan mengulas perjalanan hidup dan kariernya, dari seni peran hingga kiprahnya kini sebagai Anggota Komisi XIII DPR RI.

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Calvina dan Amir akan mencoba dan membahas salah satu menu makanan yang menarik yaitu “Almaz Fried Chicken”. Mereka akan mengulas cita rasa ayam gorengnya, tekstur, hingga keseluruhan pengalaman mencicipinya apakah renyah, lezat, dan layak untuk kamu coba?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di www.bingkaikarya.comDisclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!#HonestReview

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Amir dan Dewi akan mencoba dan membahas salah satu menu makanan yang menarik yaitu “Mie Ganbatte”. Mereka akan mengulas cita rasa, tekstur mie, hingga keseluruhan pengalaman mencicipinya—apakah mie ini layak untuk kamu coba?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di www.bingkaikarya.comDisclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!#HonestReview

Dalam dunia bisnis Business-to-Business (B2B), interaksi personal dengan key accounts adalah penentu keberhasilan transaksi. Episode ini mengupas kerangka kerja profesional dalam membangun hubungan kepercayaan melalui tahapan Personal Selling Process yang sistematis.Kami akan membedah langkah-langkah krusial untuk memenangkan keputusan klien:Identifikasi Prospek: Strategi pengumpulan database melalui berbagai kanal pemasaran.Manajemen Pendekatan: Dari Pre-approach hingga presentasi tatap muka yang impresif.Resolusi Keberatan: Teknik mendalami alasan penolakan dan merumuskan solusi yang memitigasi hambatan klien.Finalisasi & Retensi: Proses closing yang diikuti dengan layanan purna jual untuk menjaga keberlanjutan bisnis.Dengarkan sekarang untuk mempertajam keunggulan kompetitif tim penjualan Anda.

Pesantren, sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam tradisional di Indonesia, memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk wajah Islam Indonesia di tataran global, diantaranya menjadi pusat kajian Islam yang mendalam, memadukan ilmu agama dengan ilmu umum, sehingga melahirkan generasi yang berwawasan luas dan toleran.Kami bahas dalam Program Pesantren di Radio dengan tema "Peran Pesantren di Tataran Global: Menunjukkan Wajah Islam Indonesia" bersama Alumni PBSB, Mahasiswa S3 Western Sydney Australia, Fajri Zulia Ramdhani, S. H., M. Ag.

Kencan Dengan Tuhan - Kamis, 5 Maret 2026Bacaan: "Tetapi TUHAN menyertai aku seperti pahlawan yang gagah, sebab itu orang-orang yang mengejar aku akan tersandung jatuh dan mereka tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa. Mereka akan menjadi malu sekali, sebab mereka tidak berhasil, suatu noda yang selama-lamanya tidak terlupakan!" (Yeremia 20:11) Renungan: Setiap orang biasanya memiliki tokoh idola, panutan atau pahlawan dalam hidupnya namun kita tahu bahwa sesungguhnya setiap orang, termasuk kita dapat juga menjadi tokoh idola, panutan atau pahlawan bagi orang lain. Yang paling dibutuhkan adalah hati yang tulus dan bersedia memberikan hal-hal positif bagi sesama. Jika saat ini kita ditanya, "Siapa nama lima wanita peraih penghargaan Putri Indonesia selama lima tahun terakhir ini?" atau, "Siapa nama lima Miss Universe yang kita tahu?", atau "Siapa nama lima sutradara yang meraih Piala Oscar?" atau "Siapa nama lima tokoh dunia peraih Nobel Perdamaian dalam lima tahun terakhir Ini?" Barangkali kita tidak akan bisa menjawab semuanya dengan benar, sekalipun mereka semua yang ditanyakan itu, adalah orang-orang yang hebat, terkenal dan berprestasi. Namun, jika pertanyaannya diganti menjadi, "Siapa nama lima orang yang paling berpengaruh positif dalam hidup kita?" hampir dapat dipastikan kita akan menyebutkan nama mereka dengan lancar. Mungkin kita akan membayangkan wajah mereka sambil tersenyum dan mengingat kebaikan mereka. Sebagian dari mereka barangkali telah berpulang atau sudah lama sekali tidak berjumpa dengan kita. Mereka membantu kita meraih banyak hal dalam hidup ini, baik secara langsung atau pun tidak langsung. Tanpa mereka, bisa jadi kita tidak akan seperti hari ini. Mereka bisa saja orang tua, saudara, pasangan hidup atau sahabat kita. Bisa jadi, pahlawan itu barangkali guru kita atau mentor kita. Kita mungkin teringat kepada beberapa sahabat dan guru yang selalu mendukung kita, ketika begitu banyak pihak yang meragukan kemampuan kita untuk bisa mencapai banyak hal yang kita capai sekarang ini. "Jangan takut! Maju terus! Kami senantiasa mendoakanmu," begitu kalimat-kalimat positif mereka yang selalu terekam indah dalam hati sanubari kita. Yang menarik, seringkali kehadiran para pahlawan ini bukanlah sesuatu yang istimewa bagi kita. Kita mungkin menganggapnya biasa-biasa saja sampai suatu ketika kita menyadari bahwa mereka adalah "mukjizat" yang dikirim oleh Tuhan untuk mampir dalam kehidupan kita. Kalau boleh jujur, sudahkah kita mengungkapkan rasa sayang dan terima kasih kepada mereka? Saat terbaik untuk menunjukkannya adalah saat ini. Jangan menunda sampai besok, minggu depan, bulan depan, tahun depan atau pada hari ulang tahun mereka, karena bisa jadi waktu itu tidak akan pernah ada. Dan orang yang tahu berterimakasih adalah orang yang rendah hati dan disenangi Tuhan. Tuhan Yesus memberkati. Doa: Tuhan Yesus, terima kasih untuk orang-orang baik yang Kau kirimkan untuk memberkati aku selama ini. Kuserahkan mereka pada kasih dan perlindungan-Mu, sehingga perbuatan baik mereka akan Kau berkati dengan kuasa-Mu agar dapat juga memberkati kehidupan mereka. Amin. (Dod).

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Jessi dan Elvada akan mencoba dan membahas minuman yang sedang populer yaitu “Mujigae Banana Milk”. Mereka akan mengulas rasa, tekstur, hingga sensasi minumannya apakah seenak yang dibayangkan dan layak untuk kamu coba?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di (http://www.bingkaikarya.com)Disclaimer: Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung! #HonestReview

Kami hadirkan program khusus pesantren di radio bersama Wakil Menteri Agama (Wamenag) RI saat ini adalah Dr. K.H. Romo R. Muhammad Syafi'i, S.H., M.Hum yang dipandu SuwiryoDengan tema : Penguatan Struktur Ditjen Pesantren sebagai Orkestrator Ekosistem

Apa kabar semuanya? Semoga selalu dalam keadaan sehat dan bahagia. Setelah sekian lama ga hadir menemani kalian, akhirnya kami datang kembali. Semoga selanjutnya kita bisa ketemu lagi di podcast ini dan ngebahas isu-isu hangat yang lagi jadi perbincangan, baik di Jepang, Indonesia, ataupun di belahan lain dunia tempat kita tinggali ini.

Mantha Camacho is the heart, mind, and soul behind EdtechEars. With an M.Ed. and over 20 years and counting as a proud educator and Special Education teacher, she knows exactly how to make tech work for every learner. Mantha's passion shines through her work as a former Teaching and Learning Coordinator for Kami, where she loved connecting with educators across the U.S. and internationally. She specializes in sharing practical, joyful training that empowers teachers to bring innovative solutions to their classrooms worldwide. ______________________________________________________________________ The Edupreneur: Your Blueprint To Jumpstart And Scale Your Education BusinessYou've spent years in the classroom, leading PD, designing curriculum, and transforming how students learn. Now, it's time to leverage that experience and build something for yourself. The Edupreneur isn't just another book; it's the playbook for educators who want to take their knowledge beyond the school walls and into a thriving business.I wrote this book because I've been where you are. I know what it's like to have the skills, the passion, and the drive but not know where to start. I break it all down: the mindset shifts, the business models, the pricing strategies, and the branding moves that will help you position yourself as a leader in this space.Inside, you'll learn how to:✅ Turn your expertise into income streams, without feeling like a sellout✅ Build a personal brand that commands respect (and top dollar)✅ Market your work in a way that feels natural and impactful✅ Navigate the business side of edupreneurship, from pricing to partnershipsWhether you want to consult, create courses, write books, or launch a podcast, this book will help you get there. Stop waiting for permission. Start building your own table.Grab your copy today and take control of your future.Buy it from EduMatch Publishing https://edumatch-publishing.myshopify.com/collections/new-releases/products/the-edupreneur-by-dr-will

Hai Wonder Kids, kembali dalam renungan anak GKY Mangga Besar. Judul renungan hari ini adalah THOMAS YANG RAGUDiambil dari: Yohanes 20:27 “Kemudian Ia berkata kepada Tomas: ‘Taruhlah jarimu di sini dan lihatlah tangan-Ku, ulurkanlah tanganmu dan cucukkan ke dalam lambung-Ku dan jangan engkau tidak percaya lagi, melainkan percayalah.'”Wonder Kids, setelah Yesus bangkit dari kematian, Ia menampakkan diri kepada murid-murid-Nya. Tetapi waktu itu, Tomas tidak bersama mereka. Murid-murid yang lain berkata kepadanya, “Kami telah melihat Tuhan!” Namun Tomas tidak percaya. Ia berkata bahwa ia baru mau percaya kalau ia bisa melihat dan menyentuh bekas luka Yesus.Satu minggu kemudian, Yesus datang lagi dan Tomas ada di sana. Yesus tahu keraguan Tomas. Dengan penuh kasih, Yesus berkata kepadanya supaya ia melihat tangan-Nya dan lambung-Nya. Yesus tidak marah kepada Tomas. Yesus justru menolong Tomas untuk percaya.Tomas memang ragu, tetapi ia tidak menjauh dari teman-temannya dan tidak meninggalkan Yesus. Ia tetap tinggal bersama murid-murid yang lain. Dan ketika Yesus datang lagi, keraguannya dijawab.Wonder Kids, kadang-kadang kita juga bisa ragu tentang Tuhan atau tentang firman-Nya. Itu tidak berarti kita harus menjauh dari Tuhan. Justru saat kita ragu, kita perlu datang kepada Yesus, membaca Alkitab, dan berdoa.Yesus ingin kita percaya kepada-Nya, bukan hanya karena melihat, tetapi karena firman Tuhan itu benar.Wonder Kids, hari ini lakukan ini, kalau kamu punya pertanyaan atau keraguan tentang Tuhan, jangan dipendam sendiri. Ceritakan kepada orang tua, guru Sekolah Minggu, dan terutama kepada Tuhan dalam doa. Tetaplah dekat dengan Yesus.Mari kita berdoa: Tuhan Yesus, terima kasih karena Engkau sabar kepada kami. Saat aku ragu atau bingung, tolong aku untuk tetap datang kepada-Mu dan percaya kepada firman-Mu. Dalam nama Tuhan Yesus aku berdoa, Amin.Wonder Kids, ingatlah, Yesus tidak menolak orang yang ragu, tetapi menolong mereka untuk percaya. Tuhan Yesus memberkati.

Bismillah,Rasa syukur dan doa baik dipanjatkan, saat satu demi satu Paket Energi Ramadhan sampai pada penyintas bencana di Sumatra dan saudara-saudara kita di Jabodetabek serta beberapa wilayah lainnya.

Hingga Sabtu kemarin, KBRI Teheran memastikan seluruh Warga Negara Indonesia di Iran dalam kondisi aman. Sebanyak 329 WNI telah melapor dan tercatat secara resmi. Lalu, bagaimana perkembangan situasi terkini di tengah dinamika kawasan? Kami berbincang langsung dengan Duta Besar Republik Indonesia untuk Iran merangkap Turkmenistan, Rolliansyah Soemirat.

Situasi di kawasan Timur Tengah kembali memanas menyusul serangan Israel dan Amerika Serikat ke sejumlah wilayah Iran, yang dibalas Teheran. Eskalasi ini memicu kekhawatiran global, terutama terhadap perdagangan energi dengan potensi penutupan Selat Hormuz. Seberapa besar dampaknya bagi perekonomian nasional dan langkah antisipasi yang perlu disiapkan? Kami berbincang dengan Kepala Center Makroekonomi dan Keuangan INDEF, Rizal Taufikurrahman. Simak analisis lengkapnya, hanya di Elshinta.

Wakil Presiden ke-6 Republik Indonesia, Try Sutrisno, wafat pada Senin, 2 Maret 2026. Almarhum mengembuskan napas terakhir di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto, Jakarta, pukul 06.58 WIB. Kepergian Jenderal TNI (Purn) H. Try Sutrisno meninggalkan jejak panjang pengabdian bagi bangsa dan negara. Seperti apa sosok almarhum semasa hidup dan kiprahnya di lingkungan militer serta pemerintahan? Kami menghadirkan kesaksian Mantan Asisten Sosial Politik Kasospol ABRI sekaligus Mantan Kapuspen ABRI, I Soewarno Adiwidjoyo.

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Calvina dan Nadya akan mencoba dan membahas salah satu kuliner yang sedang hits yaitu “Qee Dimsum”. Mereka akan mengulas rasa, tekstur, hingga kualitas dari dimsum ini apakah enak dan layak untuk kamu coba?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di (http://www.bingkaikarya.com)Disclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!#HonestReview

This episode we'll be looking at a bunch of different references referring to the various provinces, particularly those on the far edges of the archipelago. For more, check out:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-144   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 144: On the Edge The ships sat low in the water, bobbing gently against the docks at Naniwa.  The captain eyed them warily as the officials went over the manifest.  The Seto Inland Sea was generally calm and smooth sailing—at least compared to the open ocean, anywhere else -- and yet, as he looked, he could only think of how sluggish these ships would be.  They were laden down with cargo—silk, cloth, thread, and of course provisions for the men accompanying them.  But more than that, they were laden down with iron.  Tons of iron ingots, destined for the far reaches of the archipelago.  First to Suwa, but then on to the Dazai on Tsukushi, no doubt to be forged into weapons for the defense of Yamato. But that wasn't the captain's concern.  He just needed to make sure that the ships weren't weighed down too much:  as long as they remained buoyant, they would make the journey, even if they had to travel at a snail's pace to do it.  But if the ships sat too low in the water, then all it would take was some uncooperative waves and the ships, crew, and cargo, would be sent straight down to the palace of the dragon king, beneath the waves. Fortunately, with enough ships, it looked like that wouldn't be too much of a problem, as long as the goods were properly spaced out.  Now to just hope that the weather cooperated.  Even in the relatively safe waters of the Seto Inland Sea, you never know what could happen…     So last episode we talked about two large projects that Ohoama is said to have started.  First was the history project, which likely led to the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki.  Second was the start of a brand new capital.  This episode, we are going from the macro, down to the micro—smaller events that just weren't covered in previous episodes.  For the most part the next few episodes are going to be a grab bag of various items, but I'm going to try and put some semblance of cohesion to this.  Next episode we'll be looking at some of the laws that they made, including the law code and examples of the kinds of punishment—and forgiveness—that the court could bestow.  This week, however, we are going to cover a bunch of stories focused on the areas outside of the Home Provinces.  We'll look at the Dazai in Tsukushi—and elsewhere.  We'll talk about how the provinces were governed, and what concerned them.  Granted, a lot of what concerned them, at least from the Chroniclers point of view, were taxes and economic production.  So we see recorded concern with taxes and with what was there—the land and the people that worked it.  Also with natural events, like droughts and tsunami, which would affect that same economic production.   We're starting off with the Dazai, and the person in charge there.  The Viceroy, as it is often called in English. The Dazai appears to have started off with something of a military purpose.  It was a gathering place before ships would sail off to the Korean peninsula, raiding up the rivers, or trading with their allies.  As the archipelago began to be more embroiled in the wars of the peninsula, it was that much more important.  And when Yamato's ally, Baekje, fell, and it looked like Silla and the Great Tang might turn their attention to the islands that had been a thorn in their side for so long, it became a bulwark against potential invasion. However, it also had another function.  It was the jumping off place for warships, but also for embassies and trading missions.  It was also the primary destination for most ships approaching Yamato.  They would take a route through Tsushima island, and then Iki island, and continue to the main coast of Tsukushi—Kyushu, and up and around to the sheltered waters of Hakata bay.  At some point they would even move that initial contact farther out, to Tsushima island itself.  Ships would dock on one side of the island, and transport their goods to a Yamato ship on the other side, with a pilot who knew the waters.  The local island officials could then send word ahead to the Dazai that they were coming.  No surprises, and nobody jumping the gun thinking that a fleet of warships was on their way. The Dazai played a key role in defense, trade, and diplomacy.  When the embassies arrived, they were entertained at the Dazai while word was sent to the court.  If the court deemed it appropriate, then they might have the ambassadors take the journey the rest of the way.  Otherwise, the court at the Dazai would stand in for the sovereign, and receive the messages, and various diplomatic gifts that were sent along. This was a powerful and also highly lucrative position, and it is reflected in the people who were granted the title.  This was the Dazai no Sochi, or Oho-mikoto-mochi no kami. We see the post held by Soga no Himuka in  649, during the Taika era.  Then we see Abe no Hirafu in the reign of Takara Hime, 655-661.  Hirafu would go on to become the Minister of the Left.  Then we see Prince Kurikuma. We talked about Prince Kurikuma before—he was Ohoama's ally in Tsukushi who refused the Afumi court's request for troops during the Jinshin no Ran.  He is one of the few figures that we have more than just a bit of information on.  For one thing, we have two different appointments to his position as viceroy in Tsukushi—there is one in 668, and another in 671, with Soga no Akae being given the post in between.  There are some questions about whether or not those were different people—the first one might have been someone named "Kurisaki" or "Kurimae", but it is generally assumed that was just misspelled, and it may be that there were just some questions as to when he was appointed.  We also know that he was a friend to Ohoama.  The Afumi court said as much, and in the Jinshin no Ran, when he and his sons stood up  to the Afumi court's request for troops, he came down heavily on Ohoama's side.  It is no wonder that he would have still been in such a powerful position.  His sons, by the way, are named as Prince Mino and Prince Takebe; we've seen what appears to be different Princes named Mino, but it is possible that this is the Prince Mino mentioned elsewhere in this part of the record. Sources suggest that Kurikuma was a descendant of the sovereign Nunakura, aka Bidatsu Tennou, and that he was an ancestor of the Tachibana clan.  There were stories about him in Tsukushi, beyond those in the Nihon Shoki, and while he isn't always named explicitly, one can infer that he hosted a number of embassies and ambassadors in his time.  In fact, in his position as head of the Dazaifu in Tsukushi, he was in what was perhaps the most lucrative post outside of Yamato.  In addition to being in charge of trade, diplomacy, and military readiness, the Dazaifu oversaw all of Tsukushi—the island of Kyushu, and was like a miniature representation of the central government. I suspect it is the military responsibilities that saw Kurikuma being appointed to the post of Director of Military Affairs—Tsuwamo-no-Tsukasa-no-Kami, or Heiseikan-cho. That was in the 3rd lunar month of 675, just a few years into Ohoama's reign. This would later be known as the Hyoubu-shou, or Ministry of War.  The appointment would not last long, however.  A year later, Kurikuma would pass away from disease.  Prince Kurikuma is one of those enigmatic and yet somewhat exciting individuals that exists beyond just the Nihon Shoki.   The Shoku Nihongi and later sources give us additional details, which may or may not be accurate.  Even moreso, there are stories in modern Nagasaki prefecture about Prince Kurikuma helping to regulate the animals that lived in the waters surrounding Kyushu.  According to the Shoku Nihongi record, he was reportedly granted the 2nd princely rank upon his death—which, if true, would seem to say a lot about how he was viewed at the time. Moving into the year 676, we see an edict that restricted governorships to individuals of the rank of Daisen and below.  The exceptions to this were the Home Provinces, Michinoku, and Nagato, and let's explore why these areas were excepted. Home Provinces make sense, as that is where the capital is and this more prestigious area was therefore deserving of a higher ranked noble.  Michinoku was the opposite geographically: it was the general wilderness of Tohoku, and the land of the Emishi.  It was also the farthest east of the capital, so I suspect they wanted someone of rank to handle that.  The governor of Nagato, however, is interesting.  Nagato is part of Honshu, the main island, just north of Kyushu, across the Shimonoseki strait.  Similar to Michinoku, Nagato was one of the most remote provinces on Honshu.  It was also an important province for potential defense and trade, and often coordinated with the Dazaifu in Tsukushi, to the south.  As such, it was also considered a more prominent posting than other governorships. It is somewhat interesting that the Dazaifu is not mentioned, but I suspect this is because the head of the Dazaifu was not, in fact, a governor, but more akin to a viceroy.  After all, they had to be entrusted with a certain amount of authority to be able to conduct military, trade, and diplomatic business without constantly sending back to the Yamato court for instruction.  We've already seen that there were Princes and other men of wealth and status who had been given that posting. Interestingly, in this reign we see at least one other viceroy—one other Dazai, or Ohomikotomochi—and that is in Kibi, of all places.  From what we can tell Kibi was one of the main rivals for power and authority in the prior centuries.  It has come up again and again in the stories.  Unfortunately, most of the stories only hint at what we think actually happened.  Today, when we talk about *the* Dazaifu we are almost exclusively talking about the one in Kyushu.  Besides being far flung from the center of power, it had huge responsibilities. Comparatively, though perhaps not as directly involved with trade, the rulers of Kibi were important figures, as demonstrated by the amount of manpower they were able to leverage for building their large, kingly tombs.  We talked somewhat about that back in Episode 48, looking at Tsukuriyama Kofun, one of the largest in the archipelago.  Furthermore, Kibi was well-placed on the Seto inland sea to be able to control the passage of ships.  The Kibi Dazai appears to have been established around the time of the Taika reforms, though it is only mentioned once in the Nihon Shoki, and I don't see any other examples of it.  There is also evidence that it was given authority over not just Kibi, but also the neighboring province of Harima.  Eventually, however, Kibi would be broken up into the three provinces of Bizen, Bitchu, and Bingo, and it would no longer need to be aggregated under a single administration.  Rather, each province would get its own governor, overseeing a much smaller part of the whole.  From this I can only assume that there may have been other, similar situations, prior to the various provinces being broken up like that. A couple months later, in the 5th month of 676, we are once again discussing governors.  First was a decree about governors who weren't paying their commuted taxes on time.  Aston goes on to note that non-rice taxes were due in the middle of the 8th month—at least for the home provinces.  Near provinces—a little farther away—taxes had to be received by the end of the 10th month, and for those a bit farther away—in the middle distance—they had to be there by the 11th month.  Finally,  the taxes from the farthest provinces were due by the end of the 12th month.  This would have given officials time to collect the taxes and to transport them all the way to the capital.  So when the chronicles talk about governors not paying on time, not keeping to this schedule may have been what the court was getting at—or at least some kind of similar schedule with deadlines, since it might have been modified over time.    Another record, that same month—actually a few days later—concerns specifically the governor of Shimotsukenu—or Shimotsuke, on the other side of Honshu.  He sent in a report that that province had been hit pretty hard that year with a poor harvest.  In fact, it was so bad that many peasants were seeking permission to sell their children.  The court ultimately denied the request, but this does speak to a rather disturbing—yet not exactly uncommon—cultural practice.  I don't think we need to get into the different nuances here, beyond a look at the fact that this was likely not a new practice, but it does seem that the appeal to the government for permission to sell one's children was something new.  Perhaps this came with all of the records and registrations that the government had undertaken to know who was in what household.  Regardless, one can hardly imagine that most parents would willingly take this option unless they had no other choice, and I suspect that it is meant to show both the desperation of the people in Shimotsuke, as well as the harsh benevolence of the sovereign, who would not permit the children to be separated from their families.  Of course, we aren't told how the court otherwise ameliorated the situation, since moral righteousness is tremendous, but doesn't suddenly fix the problems with the harvest or cause food to appear out of nowhere.  One hopes that the court at least sent some amount of rice or other provisions to help the people. Although it was Shimotsuke in the 5th month, in the 6th month we see a more general report of a large drought.  Messengers were sent throughout the land to get people to donate cloth, and make prayers to the kami, while Buddhist Priests called upon the power of the Three Precious Things.  It was all to no avail—the usual rains didn't come, so the wugu, the five grains didn't grow, and peasants starved.  The five grains per se are  rice, soybeans, wheat, and two types of millet, but in this case the term is just a stand-in for all types of agricultural produce. Possibly unrelated, but somewhat telling, two months later we see a record of the court granting sustenance-fiefs of all Royal princes and princesses down to the high ministers and female officials at the palace down to the rank of Shoukin.  So only two months after the peasants of Yamato were apparently starving, the court is handing out stipend increases to the elite.  So… yeah…. We do see a focus in the 8th month on an Oho-barai, or Great Purification.  I'm going to talk about this more in a future episode, though, so just noting here that they seem to have been working to purify the land and that may have been part of ongoing spiritual attempts to request the support of the kami in what appear to be difficult times.  There were also plenty of examples of attempts to make merit by demonstrating righteousness and reading various sutras. Moving on to the events of 677, things seem to have been going better than the previous year, so maybe all that merit-making had an effect?  Either way, we don't see any mention of droughts or famines this year, and we make it to the ninth month, when we see a notice that any vagabonds who returned after being sent back to their hometown would be set to forced labor.  Vagabond, in this case, is "furounin", or "person who floats on the waves".  This appears to be the origin of the term "Rounin", which would later refer to masterless samurai.  At this point it seems to refer mostly to commoners who were expected to work the land—and when workers abandoned the land that had implications for the government's tax base system.  So the State was invested in ensuring that people didn't just move somewhere else—at least without asking permission and being properly registered.  This does seem different from an actual fugitive, such as someone who was banished who tries to leave their place of banishment. The following month, the 10th month of 677,  we see that Kawabe no Omi no Momoye was appointed head of the Minbukyo, the Minister of the Interior.  In addition, Tajihi no Kimi no Maro was made a Daibu, or high official, of the province of Settsu.     The term "daibu" could just refer to high ministers of the court, but the "daibu" of a province appears to be similar to a governor, but with more expansive and comprehensive authority.  Settsu is one of the five home provinces, and as such an important part of the geographical heart of Yamato.   So we have the local chieftains, the governors, the viceroys at the Dazai, and also, apparently, a "high official" in some regions, each with what appear to be overlapping but slightly different portfolios. The next month we see that the Viceroy of Tsukushi—whoever had taken the place of Prince Yagaki—had his officials present a red crow to the court.  The person who caught the crow was granted five steps in rank—not a small reward.  Also, local officials had their own rank raised, and taxes were remitted to the peasants of that district for a year.  Finally, a general amnesty was announced across Yamato. We talked in Episode 141 how something like a red crow would have likely represented either the three-legged crow in the sun or the legendary Suzaku, the fiery bird of the south.  Either way, it was clearly an auspicious discovery.  It is interesting that we don't see any names at all associated with this event.  We do, however, see that people were no doubt incentivized to report such things up to the court.  Whoever found such a curiosity would likely have been celebrated by all of those around given the court's broad show of appreciation.  No doubt the local officials were more than pleased given that they were also likely to receive some of the benefits that accrued if the court was well pleased. As far as the type of events I'm focusing on this episode, there isn't much recorded between the red crow of 677 and a few years later in 682. Picking up in the 3rd month of that year, we get a record of the Emishi of Michinoku being granted court rank, incorporating them further into the growing Yamato polity.  As I talked about a little earlier, Michinoku on the other side of the archipelago, so this event really shows expansion of Yamato and solidification of its power over the rest of Honshu.  It is easy to forget that much of the Tohoku region was not firmly under Yamato control at this time.  They may have claimed it, but the people and culture there were still considered distinct and not a part of Yamato, proper.  But they were making inroads. In the following month, the 4th lunar month of the same year, 682, we are back on the west coast and see Tajihi no Mabito no Shima as the latest Viceroy of Tsukushi, sending as tribute a large bell.  It is somewhat interesting that, compared to the past few viceroys, Shima is actually a member of a noble family and *not* a Prince.  Of course, there was no requirement that the Dazaifu be overseen by a Prince—that certainly wasn't the case for Soga no Akaye, but it is interesting given how Ohoama had been making appointments, so far.  Even if they weren't princely, it is clear that this was an important posting, which says a lot for Tajihi no Shima, even if we didn't know anything more about him.  Fortunately, there are a few clues. For one thing, there are records that claim he was descended from one of the previous sovereigns, but he did not hold the title of "Prince".  That is reflected in his family's kabane of "Mabito", however, or "True person", which seems to indicate at least a nominal descent from a previous ruler.  Shima would continue to rise in the government, and would eventually serve as the Minister of the Right and then Minister of the Left, and at one point he would be the highest ranking noble in the government—though that was still a ways off.  All of this speaks to the importance of the position of viceroy, and probably gives us a clue as to why the Chroniclers were so interested in someone sending a bell, large as it might be, to the government. A day after the bell tribute arrived, Emishi of Koshi, including Ikokina and others, requested 70 households of prisoners of war to create a new district.  While we've talked about the Emishi of Koshi, before, what is particularly interesting is the request for prisoners of war—captives.  Were these Wajin, or Japanese, who had been captured by the Emishi and they were requesting permission to resettle them?  Were they asking for 70 households of people being held captive by the Yamato government?  It isn't clear.  It also isn't clear if "Ikokina" is the name of an individual or of multiple individuals.  Aston originally translated it as Itaka, Kina, and others, while Bentley's more recent translation suggests it is one name.  However, given that this is an Emishi name, being transliterated in Kanji through a Japanese translator, it is hard to know without further sources. From the fourth month to the 7th month of 682, we see a small entry that presents were given to men from Tanegashima, Yakushima, and Amami no Shima.  This simple entry is important mostly just because of its mention of continued contact with these islands south of Kyushu.  This helps us maintain some idea of the extent of Yamato's influence. In the late summer of 683, we once again see a drought.  It began in the 7th lunar month and lasted until the 8th.  A priest named Douzou prayed for rain and eventually obtained it. Douzou is said to have been a monk from Kudara, or Baekje.  Aston suggests that this means he was a priest of Kudaradera, but it isn't really clear to me.  In the early 8th month, we also see that there was a general amnesty ordered throughout Yamato, which I suspect was connected with the disaster of the drought and an attempt to help build merit and otherwise strengthen the state in the face of natural disaster and potential unrest. At the end of 683, we see a survey team being sent out.  The sovereign sent Prince Ise along with Hata no Kimi no Yakuni, Ohoshi no Omi no Homuchi, and Nakatomi no Muraji no Ohoshima with clerks and artisans to tour the realm and determine the border of the various provinces, but they were unable to determine them all in a year. This really must have been quite the task.  Certainly, the provinces were the ancient lands which people had been living in for some time, but there was never really a need for political lines on a map to determine where the boundaries were.  People generally knew if they were in one or the other, and unless there was a very contentious piece of property, mostly you didn't worry about which exact land or province you were in.  Now, however, the court was in the midst of trying to lock down all of the data about the land, including what was where and how much there was.  After all, their entire tax base was built on arable land, so they had to know where it was and what to expect.  There is no way that such a project was going to be completed in a single year. I would also note that Aston has this particular record misplaced.  He seemed to think it was on the 23rd day of the month, but it is then followed by the 17th.  It seems that Aston just got his dates wrong, and can you blame him?  There was a lot that he was dealing with. We do see, almost a year later, in the 10th month of 684, Prince Ise and others are once again sent to determine the boundaries of the provinces.  Second time's the charm, maybe?  Evidently not, because we then see another mention in the 10th month of 685, where the court gave them gifts of robes and trousers as they headed back out to the Eastern Countries one more time. In the 11th month of 684 we are given a small report of a huge disaster.  The governor of Tosa reported that a great tide had risen high, with an overflowing rush, and destroyed many of the ships used to convey tribute. Tosa is on Shikoku, facing out to the Pacific Ocean.  It is the first piece of dry land just past the continental shelf.  As such, a quake just off shore could create conditions not dissimilar to the 2011 disaster in Fukushima, and send a tsunami wave flooding the coastline.  It looks like that is what happened, which would have devastated the fleet.  Since Shikoku was an island, they relied on those ships to get taxes and tribute conveyed up to Yamato.  So this was Tosa letting the court know that the "sea ate my homework." I can't help but wonder if this tsunami wasn't related to an earthquake recorded for the month earlier, which we mentioned back in Episode 139.  It was a huge earthquake that seems to have had a tremdous impact.  Much of it was mentioned as being focused on the Toukaidou region, but that region still lies along a related fault line all the way down through Shikoku.  It may be that it took a while for the two events to be reported, and there may not have been an understanding that the event in one place could have had an impact elsewhere. I don't know if they had yet connected that earthquakes could cause tsunami or not.  On the other hand, it could be that it was a separate, but related quake, or even an aftershock, which caused the tsunami. Overall, the year 684 does not appear to have been the best.  We are told that in the lower district of Katsuraki, there was reported a chicken with four legs.  Then, in the district of Higami, in Tanba province, there was a calf born with twelve horns.  These don't sound like great omens, and given the tsunami, and the earthquake, and other such things, I can perhaps understand why the court focused on trying to do some merit-making towards the end of the year.  For instance they pardoned all criminals except those guilty of capital crimes.  And we are also told that Iga, Ise, Mino, and Wohari were notified that in future years, if they were paying commuted taxes—that is taxes other than rice, in lieu of service—that force labour would be remitted, and vice versa.   That is, if it was a year where they would pay in corvee labour, the commuted taxes would be remitted instead.  In other words, they didn't need to do both in one year.  Similarly , in the 7th lunar month of 685, we are told that the Provinces on the Tousandou, east of Mino, and the Toukaidou, east of Ise, were all exempted from sending in conscript laborers as part of their taxes. We aren't told exactly why any of this was done, but I suspect that it had something to do with either construction going on in those regions, or just needing to have people to work the fields.  Labor could always be remitted just because of something good like a good omen, but in the aftermath of a devastating earthquake, I wonder if there wasn't a lot of rebuilding that had to take place, and maybe the court just wanted to make sure those regions had the people they needed for those projects. The Tousandou and the Toukaidou were just two of the 7 official circuits around the archipelago.  In this case, the Toukaidou hugged the coastal areas, heading from Ise out to modern Tokyo.  Meanwhile, the Tousandou would have cut through the mountains in the middle of that area of Honshu, passing north of Fuji and through modern Gunma.    The other circuits were the San'youdou, the San'indou, the Nankaidou, the Hokurikudou, and Tsukushi, which was considered its own "circuit".  The San'youdou and San'indou were the Yang and Yin roads, going through the western part of Honshu. The San'youdou was along the Seto Inland Sea, while the San'indou was along the Japan sea.  The Nankaidou, or South Sea Road, was the Kii peninsula and Shikoku.  The Hokurikudou went north on eastern Honshu, through the Koshi region. Finally, Tsukushi, which would also be known as the Saikaidou, or Western Sea Road, was its own circuit In the 9th lunar month of 685 we see Commissioners or Royal Messengers appointed to six of the seven circuits, the Hokurikudou being the one left out.    The commissioners were to tour and inspect the provincial and district offices and make sure they were good.  Each person took a facility manager and a secretary to assist them.  Bentley notes that there is, in later legal codes, a role of "Inspector", who was similarly expected to tour and inspect the various provinces – but these were assigned on an as needed basis, so it wasn't a permanent position. Along with the inspection of the government offices, there was one other edict that same day in the 9th month of 685: the court ordered that male and female singers, as well as pipers/flute-players should pass down their skills to their descendants and make them practice singing and the flute.  Thus they effectively created hereditary musicians which, at the time, was how you made sure that you had the different professions and skillsets you needed to run the State. Then, in the 11th month of 685, we see a bunch of iron sent to the General Magistrate of Suwa.  How much is a bunch?  10,000 kin, which is thought to be equivalent to roughly 6.6 tons.  That is a huge amount of iron, assuming the record is true.  At the same time, the viceroy of Tsukushi requested 100 bolts of coarse silk, 132 pounds of thread, 300 bundles of cloth, 4000 feet of labor tax cloth, 6.6 tons of iron, and 2,000 sets of bamboo arrows.   And by all accounts, the court sent it all out.  No idea why—but there we go.  Presumably it was to make things—probably clothing and weapons. We see something similar in the 12th month, when the ships carrying the newest border guards out to Tsukushi were battered by bad seas and, eventually, they were left adrift in the water.  They were rescued, but lost all of their clothing, so rather than sending clothes, the court sent cloth.  450 bolts of cloth were sent, to be made into new sets of clothing for the soldiers.  Sending raw materials makes sense.  After all, there were likely artisans all over the place who just needed them.  Furthermore, that way you could customize the equipment to the people who would be using it, rather than shipping off finished goods. And with that, I think we are going to call it.  Next episode will be a similar overview, but we'll take a look at some of the laws that were passed, as well as how they dealt with law and order in the archipelago. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Elvada dan Rafif akan membandingkan dua camilan manis yang bisa kamu temukan di mini market atau supermarket terdekat yaitu “Chic Choc” dan “Malitos”. Mereka akan mengulas rasa, tekstur, hingga perbandingan keduanya mana yang lebih enak dan worth it untuk dibeli?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di www.bingkaikarya.comDisclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!

‎Kepala Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama memiliki peran penting dalam melakukan pembinaan terhadap Pesantren yang ada di daerah, terutama yang jauh dari Ibu Kota. Pembinaan dan pengawasan ini sangatlah penting untuk menjamin keberadaan Pesantren tetap menjadi perhatian negara dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan serta layanan kepada masyarakat. ‎Kepala Kantor Wilayah Kemenag bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan pengawasan dan evaluasi terhadap Pesantren di daerah, memastikan bahwa mereka mematuhi standar pendidikan dan regulasi yang berlaku. ‎‎Kepala Kantor Wilayah K Kemenag juga bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan pembinaan dan pengembangan terhadap Pesantren, termasuk peningkatan kualitas guru, kurikulum, dan fasilitas. ‎Kepala Kantor Wilayah Kemenag harus melakukan koordinasi dan kerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah, organisasi masyarakat, dan lembaga lainnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas Pesantren. Kami bahas dalam Program Pesantren di Radio, "Pesantren diujung Negeri, Negara kini lebih hadir " bersama DR. H. Muliardi, M. Pd. Kepala Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Riau.

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Tanti dan Calvina akan mencoba dan membahas salah satu kuliner khas Indonesia yaitu “Pempek Silampari”. Mereka akan mengulas cita rasa, tekstur, hingga kualitas dari pempek ini apakah cocok di lidah dan layak untuk kamu coba?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di www.bingkaikarya.comDisclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!#HonestReview

Hai Wonder Kids, Kembali dalam renungan anak GKY Mangga Besar. Judul renungan hari ini adalah YESUS DAN NAZARETDiambil dari: Yohanes 1:45–46 (TB)“Filipus bertemu dengan Natanael dan berkata kepadanya: ‘Kami telah menemukan Dia, yang disebut oleh Musa dalam kitab Taurat dan oleh para nabi, yaitu Yesus, anak Yusuf dari Nazaret.' Kata Natanael kepadanya: ‘Mungkinkah sesuatu yang baik datang dari Nazaret?'”Wonder Kids, hari ini kita belajar tentang Nazaret, kota tempat Yesus dibesarkan. Pada zaman Yesus, Nazaret bukan kota yang terkenal. Bukan kota besar. Bukan kota penting. Bahkan tidak disebut dalam Perjanjian Lama. Karena itu, ketika Natanael mendengar bahwa Mesias datang dari Nazaret, ia meragukannya dan berkata, “Mungkinkah sesuatu yang baik datang dari Nazaret?”Bagi banyak orang, Nazaret dianggap biasa saja— bahkan diremehkan. Tetapi Allah sering melakukan hal yang berbeda dari yang manusia harapkan. Allah memilih tempat yang sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa kuasa-Nya tidak bergantung pada nama besar atau tempat yang terkenal. Yesus tidak datang untuk menjadi terkenal menurut ukuran dunia. Ia datang untuk taat kepada kehendak Bapa dan menyelamatkan manusia dari dosa.Wonder Kids, Tuhan juga bisa memakai orang yang dianggap kecil, biasa, atau tidak terkenal, untuk melakukan hal yang besar bagi-Nya. Yang penting bukan dari mana kita berasal, tetapi siapa yang kita ikuti.Wonder Kids, hari ini lakukan ini: Jika kamu pernah merasa tidak penting atau diremehkan, ingatlah bahwa Tuhan Yesus pernah diremehkan juga— dan tetap taat kepada Allah.Mari kita berdoa: Tuhan Yesus, terima kasih karena Engkau mau datang dari tempat yang sederhana. Tolong aku untuk tetap taat dan setia kepada-Mu, meskipun aku merasa kecil atau tidak diperhatikan. Pakailah hidupku sesuai kehendak-Mu. Dalam nama Tuhan Yesus aku berdoa, Amin.Wonder Kids, ingatlah: Tuhan bisa melakukan hal besar melalui hidup yang sederhana. Tuhan Yesus memberkati.

Cairn es uno de los videojuegos independientes de 2026. Lo analizamos sin spoilers y luego profundizamos en él con todos los spoilers del mundo. Dará que hablar, y aquí comienza la charla. Explicamos los finales de Cairn y todos sus secretos-Estudia el máster en diseño y desarrollo de videojuegos de UNIR: https://www.unir.net/diseno/master-diseno-videojuegos/Compra Los Secretos de Krat: https://amzn.to/4kMdVaY

Bismillah,Apa makna Ramadhan tahun ini bagi saudara-saudara penyintas bencana di Sumatra?Berbeda tentunya. Qadarullah, bencana berdampak pada hilangnya harta benda. Namun, Allah berikan pertolongan di balik bencana itu serta kekuatan untuk bangkit kembali di bulan mulia ini.“Ya kita mulai dari awal semua lah, Pak. Dari nol semua. Alhamdulillah kali, ternyata di balik bencana ini, Allah kirimkan orang-orang baik, saudara baik membantu kami semua. (Semoga) itu dibalas oleh Allah. Jadi pahala jariyah. Kesabaran kita itu udah memang betul-betul diuji, tapi Allah berikan semangat lagi sampai sekarang ini. Alhamdulillah.Kita lebih mendekatkan diri kepada Allah. Lebih banyak lagi, banyak bersyukur lah, Pak,” ungkap seorang ibu di Aceh Tamiang.Alhamdulillah, Paket Energi Ramadhan telah diantarkan kepada saudara penyintas bencana di Sumatra. Jazaakumullahu khaira.Insyaa Allah program Paket Energi Ramadhan masih terbuka. Paket pangan bergizi ini akan diantarkan ke saudara penyintas bencana, fakir miskin, penuntut ilmu, dan muslimin lainnya.Salurkan sedekah terbaik kita melalui:CIMB Niaga Syariah860013829900Bank Syariah Indonesia1111815557a.n. Muhajir Peduli Indonesia#SebaikbaikRamadhan#SemuaButuhBersedekah

Are you navigating the complexities of grief and caregiving? Dealing with the deterioration and passing of a loved one can be incredibly isolating. Furthermore, it's easy to feel lost when searching for ways to find Peace in loss. This episode offers profound wisdom from Japanese spiritual traditions to help you cope. First, we explore the concept of Kami, the infinite spiritual beings present in everything around us. This worldview fosters a deep sense of belongingness. Consequently, you realize you are never truly alone. You will discover the healing power of simple acts, such as taking an "awe walk." Moreover, learn why cultivating positivity and expressing gratitude are powerful sources for moving on and finding Peace in loss. The conversation illuminates how difficult emotions, like anger and sadness, do not disappear. Instead, they become part of your identity and your precious memories. We discuss how to achieve true Peace in loss. Discover actionable practices: The Healing Power of the "Awe Walk": How a simple walk outdoors can provide the necessary "big pause" to rebalance your emotions and mitigate burnout. The Wisdom of Impermanence: Understanding life and death through nature's cycles, and how this view helps you honor difficult memories. Cultivating Gratitude: Simple Japanese rituals (like Itadakimasu) that nourish a sense of belongingness, even during dark times. Whether you are a caregiver seeking strength or navigating a recent loss, this episode offers a compassionate and culturally rich path to finding your own peace and cultivating profound gratitude. Press play and start your healing journey today. This unique approach to loss helps you find your own infinite ways to happiness. Our Guest: Hiroko Yoda Hiroko is a Tokyo based translator and author. She specializes in re-contextualizing Japanese culture in a fun and engaging way for English readers. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Related Episodes: Grief Speaks: Healing through Poetry Words for Forever: Love to Future Generations ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Sign Up for more Advice & Wisdom - email newsletter. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Please help us keep our show going by supporting our sponsors. Thank you. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Feeling overwhelmed? HelpTexts can be your pocket therapist. Going through a tough time? HelpTexts offers confidential support delivered straight to your phone via text message. Whether you're dealing with grief, caregiving stress, or just need a mental health boost, their expert-guided texts provide personalized tips and advice. Sign up for a year of support and get: Daily or twice-weekly texts tailored to your situation Actionable strategies to cope and move forward Support for those who care about you (optional) HelpTexts makes getting help easy and convenient. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Make Your Brain Span Match Your LifeSpan Relevate from NeuroReserve I've been focusing a lot on taking care of my brain health, & I've found this supplement called RELEVATE to be incredibly helpful. It provides me with 17 nutrients that support brain function & help keep me sharp. Since you're someone I care about, I wanted to share this discovery with you. You can order it with my code: FM15 & get 15% OFF your order. With Relevate nutritional supplement, you get science-backed nutrition to help protect your brain power today and for years to come. You deserve a brain span that lasts as long as your lifespan. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Join Fading Memories On Social Media! If you've enjoyed this episode, please share this podcast with other caregivers! You'll find us on social media at the following links. Instagram Twitter LinkedIn  Facebook Contact Jen at hello@fadingmemoriespodcast.com or Visit us at www.FadingMemoriesPodcast.com

In October 2022, Melbourne-based former nurse Aaron Villanueva and his business partner leveraged expert consultancy to navigate the NDIS sector's highly regulated audit framework and establish their practice. - Sa episode ng May PERAan, kilalanin ang Melbourne-based former nurse Aaron Villanueva pati ng kanyang business partner na tinayo katulong ng mga consultants sa pag-intindi ng mga legal na usapin para mapasok nila ang napaka-strikto na sektor ng NDIS noong Oktubre 2022.

Hello Listeners!Dalam video review FnB kita kali ini, Rega dan Gitta akan mencoba dan membahas salah satu kuliner favorit banyak orang yaitu “Martabak Pecenongan”. Mereka akan mengulas mulai dari rasa, tekstur, hingga keunikan dari martabak ini apakah benar selegendaris yang dibicarakan banyak orang?Untuk lebih lengkapnya yuk dengarkan langsung di Channel Podcast Bingkai Suara Season 8 di Spotify dan Apple Podcast, juga Channel Youtube Bingkai Karya. Untuk update berita di Bingkai Karya kamu bisa kunjungi website kita di (http://www.bingkaikarya.com)Disclaimer:Konten review ini bukan hasil endorsement atau kerja sama berbayar dengan pihak manapun. Semua opini yang disampaikan sepenuhnya berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi dan penilaian objektif dari Tim Bingkai Karya.Kami selalu berusaha memberikan ulasan yang jujur dan transparan untuk membantu audiens mendapatkan informasi yang akurat. Jika ada perbedaan pengalaman, itu bisa terjadi karena preferensi dan kondisi masing-masing individu.Terima kasih sudah menonton dan mendukung!#HonestReview

This week, Wenzel and Colt talk about their time at their local anime/manga/pop culture convention: KAMI-CON! They discuss their impressions whether they're good or bad especially after not attending in 2025 along what they bought and ate and some funny encounters! ----------------------------------- Catch up on all of Season 9's episodes here: https://soundcloud.com/aychpodcast/sets/aych-season-9-2025?si=ca5cc0cefc3941699fa62b95af89752b&utm_source=clipboard&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=social_sharing ----------------------------------- Check out the entire AYCH Podcast Network! ► The Instruction Booklet: Video Game History Podcast! Want even more AYCH shows? Check out our full catalog playlists! soundcloud.com/aychpodcast/sets ----------------------------------- Twitch/Podcast Archive YT: www.youtube.com/@AYCHPodcast If you like what we're doing here, don't forget to leave us a review! You can also follow us on all of our social media below and tell us how we're doing: -- Bluesky: @aychpodcast.bsky.social -- Instagram: @aychpodcast -- TikTok: @aychpodcast -- Twitch: AllYouCanHear Leave us some suggestions in our Suggestion Box as well! goo.gl/forms/AHetCWQ2m7tHDigg1

The Krewe wraps up Season 6 with an episode looking back at the highs, the lows, & what's to come! Join Doug & Jenn for listener feedback and behind-the-scenes stories as they put a bow on the 6th chapter of KOJ Podcast! ------ About the Krewe ------ The Krewe of Japan Podcast is a weekly episodic podcast sponsored by the Japan Society of New Orleans. Check them out every Friday afternoon around noon CST on Apple, Google, Spotify, Amazon, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts.  Want to share your experiences with the Krewe? Or perhaps you have ideas for episodes, feedback, comments, or questions? Let the Krewe know by e-mail at kreweofjapanpodcast@gmail.com or on social media (Twitter: @kreweofjapan, Instagram: @kreweofjapanpodcast, Facebook: Krewe of Japan Podcast Page, TikTok: @kreweofjapanpodcast, LinkedIn: Krewe of Japan LinkedIn Page, Blue Sky Social: @kreweofjapan.bsky.social, Threads: @kreweofjapanpodcast & the Krewe of Japan Youtube Channel). Until next time, enjoy! ------ Support the Krewe! Offer Links for Affiliates ------ Use the referral links below & our promo code from the episode! Support your favorite NFL Team AND podcast! Shop NFLShop to gear up for football season! Zencastr Offer Link - Use my special link to save 30% off your 1st month of any Zencastr paid plan!  ------ JSNO Upcoming Events ------ JSNO Event Calendar Join JSNO Today!

Nur noch ein kleines Stück, nur noch ein bisschen durchhalten! Auch wenn die Arme und Beine brennen und zittern, nur dieses eine Stückchen weiter oben warten ein Zelt und warme Suppe auf uns. Und dahinter, Stück für Stück, der Gipfel des legendären Kami! In Cairn wird geklettert, gegessen und recycelt, alles für den Traum von der Erstbesteigung. Auch Dom und Jochen konnten dem Ruf des Berges nicht widerstehen und haben sich gemeinsam in die Steilwände gehängt. Ob dabei Freuden- oder Schmerzensschreie vom Felsen widerhallten, hört ihr im Bericht ihrer Klettertour. Viel Spaß! Timecodes: 00:00:00 - Einleitung 00:05:13 - Rahmendaten und Grundlegendes 00:23:24 - Spielgeschwindigkeit, Rucksack, Zelt und Speicherpunkte 00:49:29 - Physiksimulation, Avas Negativität und Technik 01:24:28 - Fazit Wenn ihr uns abonnieren wollt, folgt einfach dem Link: https://www.gamespodcast.de/abo/ In dieser Folge zu hören: Dom & Jochen

W „Podcaście o dziennikarstwie” gościem Aleksandry Sobczak jest Sławek Kamiński, fotoreporter, szef działu foto w „Gazecie Wyborczej”. Jakie trzy zdjęcia zrobione przez Sławka w świecie polskiej polityki zapadły mu najbardziej w pamięć? Skąd u naszego fotoreportera pasja do uwieczniania każdej miesięcznicy smoleńskiej? Jak wygląda praca fotografa prasowego w Sejmie? I jakie zmiany dla fotografów przyniosła technologia? Więcej podcastów na: https://wyborcza.pl/podcast. Piszcie do nas w każdej sprawie na: listy@wyborcza.pl.

V soutěži skikrosařek dnes bojuje nejmladší členka české výpravy na olympiádě v Itálii. Lucie Krausová se narodila na začátku roku 2008 a ve stejném měsíci pak její táta Tomáš Kraus vyhrál tři závody Světového poháru právě v této disciplíně. Dnes je v Livignu v roli trenéra své dcery. Že se Lucie dostane tak brzy na olympiádu, nečekal. „Je to pro mě šok. Olympiáda přišla o rok dva dřív, než by měla. Je to pro nás opravdu bonus a jsem rád, že do toho jde a má tu odvahu.“

Australia's sun can be harsh. And sunscreen is one key measure protecting us against harmful sun exposure. We asked three scientists about sunscreen facts, myths and choosing the right products. - Matahari Australia bisa sangat keras. Dan tabir surya adalah salah satu langkah kunci yang melindungi kita dari paparan sinar matahari yang berbahaya. Kami bertanya kepada tiga ilmuwan tentang fakta tabir surya, mitos, dan memilih produk yang tepat.

Today's guest is the founder of Scooter's Hunt Camp  Scott was raised in the small town of Emmett, Id. Scott loves all sports and spent 6 years chasing dreams by playing college baseball.  After that didn't pan out baseball he came back to Emmett working several different jobs trying to find my place.  In 2006 the opportunity was presented to buy an Insurance Agency here in town.  He now owns this agency, and this was a GOD thing as the freedom of being his own boss has given him much time with his sons.  In 2007 Scott was introduced to Kami, a year later they were married.  In 2010 & 2013 they welcomed 2 amazing sons into their tribe.  I joke tribe as we are all registered in the Cherokee Nation.  In 2021 Scott lost Kami to Breast Cancer.  She was an angel here on earth, but God needed her with him.  In 2000 Scott was given the vision to give back to kids through hunting.  He was given a gift as a successful hunter.  In fact, in 2001 he was named the Idaho State Bowhunters bowhunter of the year. Scott founded and now directs the Scooter's Youth Hunting Camp in Emmett. Over the 26 years of being a part of this ministry and mission field for kids.  Scott is most proud of witnessing about his Savior and best friend "JESUS".  Over 26 years Scott has had the honor of sharing God's goodness and putting a Shotgun, Bow, Muzzleloader and .22 rifle into the hands of over 6,000 kids.  All for FREE and all through donations.  It has been a labor of love for Scott.  He works for the kids 24/7/365 as a volunteer.  SYHC is 100% volunteer with no paid staff.  The volunteers who show up for the camp are amazing and all get an Orange SYHC shirt.  The volunteer crew has been coined the "ORANGE ARMY" with the past couple of years being 120+ strong.  There is a joke around the area that Scooter has 4,000 nieces and nephews because of the interactions from this camp.  In 2015 Scott added to the SYHC by creating "Hunting Dreams".  This subchapter of the camp does 2 hunting trips a year for children who have suffered a life-threatening illness.  One Bear hunt each spring and an Elk hunt each fall with everything donated to fully outfit the hunters.  New Rifle, Binos, Scope, Rangefinder, Boots, clothes etc. etc. Then a whole week in God's country hunting and eating "Their" favorite menu.  The crew processes the meat and a taxidermist does a bear rug and elk shoulder mount for a forever memory.  Scott loves GOD, loves kids and loves being a servant. www.taurususa.com www.cva.com www.himtnjerky.com www.nukemhunting.com www.christianoutdoors.org www.citrusafe.com www.elimishieldhunt.com www.mossyoak.com  

Kencan Dengan Tuhan - Minggu, 15 Februari 2026Bacaan: "Mengapakah engkau melihat selumbar di mata saudaramu, sedangkan balok di dalam matamu tidak engkau ketahui?" (Matius 7:3)Renungan: Suatu ketika ada satu keluarga tengah berada dalam perjalanan menuju sebuah kota. Lalu mereka singgah di satu kedai kecil untuk beristirahat. "Bapak dan keluarga mau ke mana?" tanya si pemilik kedai. Bapak itu memberitahukan tujuannya. "Oh, kota itu. Saya tahu," jawabnya. "Kalau begitu dapatkah Anda menceritakan bagaimana orang-orang yang ada di sana?" tanya kepala keluarga tersebut. Bukannya menjawab, pemilik kedai malah bertanya balik, "Orang-orang seperti apakah yang kalian temukan di tempat asal kalian?" "Mereka adalah orang-orang yang payah," isteri bapak itu segera menjawab. "Benar. Mereka senang bergosip, cuek, egois. Kami senang bisa pindah dari sana," jawab anak-anaknya. "Saya rasa kalian juga akan menemukan orang-orang dengan sikap yang sama di kota tujuan kalian nanti." Keesokan paginya, rombongan keluarga lain singgah ke kedai itu dan ingin ke kota yang sama seperti keluarga kemarin. Mereka pun menanyakan kepada pemilik kedai tentang sifat orang-orang yang nanti akan ditemui. "Jenis tetangga macam apa yang dulu kalian miliki?" pemilik kedai itu bertanya. "Mereka baik, suka menolong, peduli. Sebenarnya kami sangat berat hati meninggalkan tempat yang dulu itu," jawab pemimpin rombongan. Pemilik kedai menjawab, "Tenang, nanti kalian juga akan mendapat tetangga yang serupa." Salah satu alasan yang dikemukakan oleh para pegawai mengapa mereka mau berhenti bekerja dan pindah ke tempat lain adalah karena orang-orang di kantor mereka yang tidak bersahabat. "Di sini orang-orangnya suka menusuk dari belakang. Mereka berkompetisi dengan curang. Pribadinya tidak menyenangkan," begitulah ungkapan mereka. Namun yang menjadi masalah sebenarnya bukanlah orang-orang tapi kita sendiri. Selama kita tidak mau belajar mengerti, belajar rendah hati dan mengalah, ke mana pun kita pergi, di mana pun kita bekerja, kita memang akan senantiasa bertemu dengan orang-orang sulit'. Selama kita selalu melihat 'selumbar' di mata pihak lain, selalu mencari kekurangan dan kejelekan mereka, maka itulah yang akan kita dapatkan. Dengan kasih Tuhan, ubahlah sikap kita, maka situasi pun akan berubah dengan sendirinya. Tuhan Yesus memberkati. Doa:Tuhan Yesus, jadikanlah hatiku seperti hati-Mu, sehingga setiap orang yang berada dekat denganku akan merasa nyaman. Amin. (Dod)

Like many migrants adjusting to a new life overseas, food became a powerful connection to home. After relocating to Melbourne, Chef Ben Roquero found himself missing familiar snacks from the Philippines, the golden, sesame-coated rice balls often enjoyed as dessert or merienda called buchi. What started as a simple longing for a taste of home eventually grew into something bigger. - Hindi inakala ng Melbourne-based Filipino chef na si Ben Roquero na ang pagka-takam sa buchi matapos lumipat sa Melbourne ang magiging daan at inspirasyon para sa isang negosyong patok hindi lang sa mga Pinoy at Asyano na nasa Australia.

☕ Przysłowiową "kawę" można postawić Ilonie tutaj: https://buycoffee.to/ilonaarte

Send us a message!Let's explore the origins of Japanese mythology, from the creation of the islands to the emergence of the Gods. Music is by Alexander Nakarada.Support the show

From Astro Boy to Gundam to real-world robots like ASIMO and Pepper, Japan's fascination with robots runs deep. This week, the Krewe is joined by author, cultural commentator, & robot enthusiast Matt Alt to explore how robots became heroes instead of threats in Japanese pop culture and how those sci-fi dreams quietly shaped Japan's modern relationship with technology, AI, and everyday automation. From giant mecha and cyborg icons to robot cafés and beyond, we dig into why Japan seems so comfortable living alongside machines in an episode that's equal parts nostalgia, culture, and future tech.------ About the Krewe ------The Krewe of Japan Podcast is a weekly episodic podcast sponsored by the Japan Society of New Orleans. Check them out every Friday afternoon around noon CST on Apple, Google, Spotify, Amazon, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts.  Want to share your experiences with the Krewe? Or perhaps you have ideas for episodes, feedback, comments, or questions? Let the Krewe know by e-mail at kreweofjapanpodcast@gmail.com or on social media (Twitter: @kreweofjapan, Instagram: @kreweofjapanpodcast, Facebook: Krewe of Japan Podcast Page, TikTok: @kreweofjapanpodcast, LinkedIn: Krewe of Japan LinkedIn Page, Blue Sky Social: @kreweofjapan.bsky.social, Threads: @kreweofjapanpodcast & the Krewe of Japan Youtube Channel). Until next time, enjoy!------ Support the Krewe! Offer Links for Affiliates ------Use the referral links below & our promo code from the episode!Support your favorite NFL Team AND podcast! Shop NFLShop to gear up for football season!Zencastr Offer Link - Use my special link to save 30% off your 1st month of any Zencastr paid plan! ------ Matt Alt Links ------Matt's WebsitePure Invention - Publisher's PageMatt's NewsletterPure Tokyoscope PodcastMatt on IG------ Past Matt Alt Episodes ------Akira Toriyama: Legacy of a Legend ft. Matt Alt (S5E3)The History of Nintendo ft. Matt Alt (S4E18)How Marvel Comics Changed Tokusatsu & Japan Forever ft Gene & Ted Pelc (Guest Host, Matt Alt) (S3E13)Yokai: The Hauntings of Japan ft. Hiroko Yoda & Matt Alt (S2E5)Why Japan ft. Matt Alt (S1E1)------ Past KOJ Pop Culture Episodes ------Enjoying Shojo Anime & Manga ft. Taryn of Manga Lela (S5E18)The History & Evolution of Godzilla ft. Dr. William (Bill) Tsutsui (S5E1)Thoughts on Godzilla Minus One ft. Dr. William (Bill) Tsutsui (S4Bonus)Japanese Mascot Mania ft. Chris Carlier of Mondo Mascots (S4E8)Tokusatsu Talk with a Super Sentai ft. Sotaro Yasuda aka GekiChopper (S4E6)The Evolution of PokéMania ft Daniel Dockery [Part 2] (S4E3)The Evolution of PokéMania ft Daniel Dockery [Part 1] (S4E2)Japanese Independent Film Industry ft. Award Winning Director Eiji Uchida (S3E18)Talking Shonen Anime Series ft. Kyle Hebert (S3E10)Japanese Arcades (S2E16)How to Watch Anime: Subbed vs. Dubbed ft. Dan Woren (S2E9)Manga: Literature & An Art Form ft. Danica Davidson (S2E3)The Fantastical World of Studio Ghibli ft. Steve Alpert (S2E1)The Greatest Anime of All Time Pt. 3: Modern Day Anime  (2010's-Present) (S1E18)The Greatest Anime of All Time Pt. 2: The Golden Age  (1990's-2010's) (S1E16)The Greatest Anime of All Time Pt. 1: Nostalgia (60's-80's) (S1E5)We Love Pokemon: Celebrating 25 Years (S1E3)------ JSNO Upcoming Events ------JSNO Event CalendarJoin JSNO Today!

Hai, Tetangga kesayangan!

This episode we are talking about the Four Great Temples--Asukadera, Daikandaiji (aka Kudara Odera), Kawaradera, and Yakushiji.  Much of the information, outside of the Nihon Shoki itself, comes from Donald F. McCallum's book:  "The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan". For sources, photos, and more information, check out our blogpost at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-142 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 142: The Four Great Temples   Rising up into the sky, the bronze spire atop the pagoda seemed to touch the heavens.  The beams, doors, and railings were all painted bright red, with white walls, and green painted bars on the windows.  At each level, the eaves swept out, covered in dark ceramic tiles, with shining bronze plaques covering the ends of the roof beams.  At each corner, a bronze bell hung, chiming in the breeze.  This pattern continued upwards, tier after tier. Around the base of the pagoda, throngs of government officials dressed in their formal robes of office moved past, flowing through the temple's central gates.  As they passed, they looked up at the impressive tower, the largest of its kind in all of Yamato.  From somewhere, a deep bell chimed, and the crowds made their way towards the lecture hall.  There, the monks were prepared, with sutras and voices at the ready.  Facing a sacred image, they would read through their sutras in unison.  Their voices would carry through the great empty space and reverberate through the crowds—those that could get close enough to hear, anyway.  The chanting created a musical cacophony.     In that sea of human voices, one could almost sense something more—something spiritual.  A power, that one could almost believe could hold at bay just about any disaster that could befall a person—or even the state itself.   Alright, so this episode we are still in the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  I know we've already seen how that ends, but there is still a lot to cover. But before I go too far, I'd like to first give  a shout out to Lisa for helping to support the show on Ko-Fi.  I can't tell you how much we appreciate it.  If you would like to support us as well, we'll have more information at the end of this, and every episode. We've talked about how the reign of Ohoama was a time where the court reinforced, but also subtly adjusted, the laws of the Ritsuryo state.  They seem to have equally courted the Kami, Buddhism, and even continental ideas of yin and yang.  Today we are going to dive into Buddhism and the State.  More specifically, I want to talk about something called the Yondaiji, the Four Great Temples, and look at how these government temples, also known as "kanji" or "Tsukasa no dera" came to be, what we know about them from archaeological research, and the role they played in the State.  This is going to probably recap things from earlier episodes.  I am also drawing a lot from a book by Donald F. McCallum called, appropriately, "The Four Great Temples", which goes into a lot more detail than I'll be able to get into, here, but I recommend it for those who are really interested in this subject. Up to this point, we've talked a little about the relationship that the court had with Buddhism.  By the late 7th century, Buddhism had spread throughout the archipelago, and there were many temples likely created by local elites.  Sensoji, in Asakusa, Tokyo, claims a founding of 628, though it may have actually been founded sometime just after 645.  There are other temples around Japan, far from the Home Provinces, which likewise had similar claims to being founded in the early to late 7th century, and I question how much a role the government had in each of them. .  In 673, there were two temple-related mentions of note in the Chronicles.  In one of Ohoama's earliest edicts he orders the copying of the Issaiko, the Buddhist canon, at Kawaradera.   That same year, 673, Prince Mino and Ki no Omi no Katamaro—whom we discussed last episode—were sent to build Takechi temple, later known as Daikandaiji.  I mention Daikandaiji specifically because while it was originally built as the Temple of Takechi, at some point took on that other  name—"Daikandaiji", aka Ohotsukasa no Ohodera—which Aston translates as the "Great Temple of the Great Palace", as it appears to have specifically been designated as the great temple of the government. In other words, it is one of a few National Temples.  And this became particularly important in the year 680, which is the year we are told the government stopped administering—and, more importantly, stopped funding—all but a handful of so-called "national temples".  At this point, as I've mentioned, Buddhism was widespread enough that there were enough adherents that could maintain their own local temples. Of course, local elites likely found some cachet in funding temples, and communities of believers in various areas would likewise have been asked to provide funds as well. So the court accordingly declared that going forward, the government would only administer 2 or 3 national temples.  For all other temples, if tthey had been granted the proceeds of sustenance-fiefs, those would be limited, from the first year to the last, of 30 years in total.  As I read it, that indicates that if they had received the fiefs 15 years ago, they would be allowed to hold onto them for another 15 years, after which point they would need to find alternative sources of funding.  The early national temples appear to be Daikandaiji and Kawaradera.  Finally, there is Yakushiji, which Ohoama began construction on in 680 for his queen, Uno no Sarara, when she was ill—and just hold on to that for now.  Interestingly, Asukadera, or Houkouji, in many ways the original national temple, was not designated as such in the new reorganization, but it would continue to be administered by the government as a temple in a special arrangement. That's why the original count in the Nihon Shoki mentions "2 or 3" national temples instead of four.  These four temples are mentioned in the Shoku Nihongi, the Chronicles following the Nihon Shoki, as the Four Great Temples, or Yondaiji.  Although that work wasn't compiled and published until the end of the 8th century, the term Yondaiji appears in an entry for 702, about five years after the last entry in the Nihon Shoki, and over a decade before its publication So at this point we're going to look at each of these "great" temples individually, plus a couple of other important ones, and what they tell us about the history of Buddhism, Buddhist temples, and the Yamato state at this point in Ohoama's reign. The first of these four temples, chronologically, is Asukadera.  This is the temple originally built by the Soga, and the first major Buddhist temple built.  Its layout shows three separate golden image halls, or kondou.  And here we should probably recap something about the general layout of a Buddhist temple, so we can understand what we are talking about. The most important buildings in a Buddhist temple at this time were the kondou, the golden image halls; the pagoda, or stupa; and the koudou, or lecture hall.  The golden image halls held golden Buddhist images—Buddhas, Boddhisatvas, Arthats, and more.  These rooms are often somewhat dark, and would have been lit mainly by candles, as well as the sun coming through—though even then the sun often is obscured by overhanging rooves and latticework.  Sometimes the doors would have small openings so that the sun's rays strike in a particular way at different times.  All of this presents an image of bright gleaming gold in the darkness—a metaphor for the teachings of the Buddha, but also an intentionally awe inspiring display for those who came to view them and pray. The kondo were usually the first structures to be built for a temple, so if your temple had nothing else, it probably had an image hall. The next structure that one would probably build would be the stupa, or pagoda.  A pagoda was a tower, in which were sometimes kept images, but more importantly, it would often hold some kind of relic.  The idea of the stupa originated as a place to house relics—often bone fragments and teeth attributed to the Buddha, even if those were actually precious stones.  Stupas were originally (and still, in many places) large mounds, but as Buddhism made its way over the Silk Road, these were replaced with multi-tiered towers. Pagodas are often 3 or 5 storeys, though the number of stories can go up to 7 or 9 or as low as 1.    Once again, in a world where most buildings, other than perhaps a specially made lookout tower, were only one or maybe two stories in height, a three to five story pagoda must have been something to behold, especially covered with tiled eaves, adorned with bronze bells, and brightly painted in the continental fashion. In Europe I would point to similar uses of gold and ostentatious ornamentation on the cathedrals of the day, and even in churches more generally, if on a smaller scale.  This is meant to impress and thus lend authority to the institution.  And of course, because that institution was so closely aligned to the State, it gave the State authority as well.  We mentioned, previously, how the monumental structures of the kofun had given way to the Buddhist temples as a form of ritual display. The last of the three buildings I would mention is the lecture hall, or Koudou.  This would also likely have Buddhist images, but it was more of a functional hall for conducting rituals, including recitation of sutras and presenting Buddhist teachings.  The koudou was often at the back or north end of the temple complex.  In early Buddhist temple layouts, it was common to have everything in a straight line, more or less, and to remain symmetrical.  So there would be a main gate through which one would enter.  In front of you there you probably saw the pagoda.  Beyond the pagoda was a path, and then the kondou, or image hall, typically with a lantern in front, and behind that was the koudou, or lecture hall.  This was all typically oriented on a north-south axis, such that one would enter through the southern gate and walk north towards the lecture hall.  The north-south orientation is likely another feature from the continent, where the most important buildings were often south-facing, and thus in the north of the compound.  This was the same with the palace layout, and likely for similar reasons—not just cultural, but also practical.  After all, the sun, in the northern hemisphere, remains slightly to the south, and so this would have provided the most light through the day.   This layout was not strictly adhered to, however. For instance, if we look at Asukadera, you would enter through the southernmost gate and you were then met with another gate for an inner compound.  This middle gate would lead you to a large courtyard, about 320 meters on a side, with a covered walkway, or gallery, along the entire circumference of the compound.  Entering through the middle gate one would have first noticed the large pagoda and not one but three golden image halls.  A path led to the pagoda, and then beyond from the pagoda to the central kondou.  There is even a stone where a large bronze lantern was likely situated between the pagoda and the kondou.  Based on archaeological evidence, it appears that there was originally just one image hall, directly north of the pagoda, but at a later date, they added two more kondou to the east and west of the pagoda.  This has been compared to a temple layout found in Goguryeo, but given that these were likely later additions, and we know that Baekje artisans were involved, I suspect that is just later coincidence. Connecting the layout of the temples to continental examples has been a keen area of study for many scholars.  The general theory is that temple layouts can help point to whether there was more of a Baekje, Silla, or Goguryeo influence during the construction of the temple, and what that might have meant for Yamato's international relations as well as various political factions in the court who may have leaned more towards one group or another. The last building at Asukadera, the koudou, or lecture hall, was directly north of the kondou, but you couldn't get there directly.  The entire pagoda and image hall compound was separate from the lecture hall, which stood north and apart, though still on the temple grounds, which would have been surrounded by an outer wall.   At this point, since we're talking about the layout of Asukadera and where it came from, I'm going to digress from the next of the four great temples and talk about two other early temples that are important for understanding Buddhist temple building at this time. So bear with me for this slight detour. The first of these is Shitennoji, the Temple of the Four Heavenly Kings, in modern Osaka.  This temple is said to have been built in 593, and is attributed to Shotoku Taishi.  Presumably he made a vow to do so during the war between the Soga and the Mononobe, which we discussed back in episode 91.  As you may recall from that and earlier episodes, the Mononobe were considered to be against the idea of Buddhism, while the Soga were promoting it.  Shitennouji was important, but doesn't show up in the Chronicles as much as other temples, and was all the way over in Naniwa.  As such, I suspect that it was not considered a good candidate for "national" temple status at the time.  Still, if we look at the original layout, Shitennoji is quite similar to what we see in Asukadera.  Everything is on a north-south axis.  You go through a middle gate to the inner compound.  There you find a pagoda, and past that, a lantern and then the kondou.  Unlike Asukadera, the koudou, or lecture hall, is incorporated into the back wall, such that the gallery continues from the middle gate around to either side, and then meets at the sides of the lecture hall.  There are also east and west gates, as well as other buildings, but the main layout is pretty comparable. The second is another temple, which also lays claim to being founded by Prince Shotoku Taishi, and which was not included in the four great temples.  This may have had to do with the fact that it wasn't in the Asuka valley, but also may have had to do with just the timing.  That temple is the famous one known as Horyuji.  Horyuji was founded on the site of the Ikaruga palace, said to have been the home of none other than Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi.  As such, one imagines it was quite the prominent temple in its day.  However, it was at a distance from the capital, and it also had the misfortune to have burned down in about 670, just before Ohoama ascended the throne, and it wasn't fully rebuilt until about 711, leaving a forty year gap where the temple was not necessarily at the forefront of Buddhism. Still, like Shitennoji, it is interesting to look at the original layout for Horyuji and compare it to Asukadera.  First off, you have the same north-south orientation, and you have the same separate, internal compound for the image hall and the pagoda.  Unlike in Asukadera, however, the kondou and the pagoda, which both faced south, were on an east-west axis, flanking the central pathway.  Entering through the middle gate one would have seen a five storey pagoda on the left and the kondo on the right.  The Koudou was outside the inner compound in the rear, along that central north-south axis.  There is also evidence of two other buildings.  One likely held a large bell—and possibly a drum—and the other was likely a sutra repository, where they could keep holy texts and various ritual implements. I will also note that, even though Horyuji burned down in 670 and was accordingly not that prominent during Ohoama's reign, it is absolutely worth visiting because substantial portions of those rebuilt buildings are still standing today. Indeed, both the Horyuji pagoda and kondou are among the oldest wooden buildings in the world. The central pillar of the pagoda was felled in 594 according to dendrochronological dating. The kondou was damaged by fire during a restoration in 1949, but about 15-20% of the original building from 670 still remains.  Going back to the Great Temples, the next of these to be built was Kudara Ohodera.  Kudara here means "Baekje", but this appears to refer more to the temple's location near the Kudara river, rather than to the kingdom of Baekje.  Kudara Ohodera is remarkable in a couple of different ways.  First off, there is the fact that it is the first temple with a firm royal lineage—that is to say a temple that claims to have been founded by the sovereign.  Asukadera was founded by Soga no Umako, the Prime Minister, and though Prince Umayado is said to have been the Crown Prince, nonetheless, he never reigned as sovereign, though he was considered the founder of both Shitenouji and Houryuuji.  Kudara Ohodera, however, is said to have been founded at the behest of Tamura, aka Jomei Tennou, who reigned from 629-641.  The temple appears to get its start in a record dated to 639, and by 645 it appears to be fully operational. There is another tale of its founding—in the Daianji Engi, the history of Daianji, a successor temple to Kudara Ohodera, there is mention of a Kumagori Dojo, and many modern histories claim that this was the actual first temple, but there isn't much evidence.  Donald McCallum, in his treatment of Kudara Ohodera's history in his book, "The Four Great Temples", suggests that the Kumagori Dojo story is likely a later legendary founding that got recorded, as there is scant evidence for it, and no mention of it in other records.  On the actual founding of Kudara Ohodera, however, there does appear to be general agreement with the Nihon Shoki, despite some minor differences in the dates. The call to build Kudara Ohodera comes alongside Tamura's also building Kudara Palace.  Kudara Ohodera was also built on a grand scale, and it is said to have had a nine-storey pagoda—almost double the size of a five-storey pagoda, which already towered over other buildings of the time. Despite all of this, for a long time it was unclear where Kudara Ohodera was actually situated.  There were several sites proposed, but most recently archaeological research on Kibi Pond seems to have placed the temple there.  At excavations on the southern side of the pond were found remnants of the foundations of two buildings, arranged in an east-west format.  The western foundation would appear to be for a pagoda—but one much larger than any of the five storey pagodas we've seen elsewhere.  And to the east was the foundation for what appears to be the kondo.  This golden image hall, however, is likewise much larger than any other hall of this time.  This arrangement would fit very well with a Houryuuji-like temple layout.  There were also various other traces that were consistent with the early mid-7th century, which would coincide with the 639-645 dates for Kudara Ohodera's construction.  Subsequent excavations appear to have found quarters for the priests, as well as at least part of a gallery wall and one gate, situated due south of the kondo.  There may have been another gate south of the pagoda.  The koudou, the lecture hall, may have been in the area that was later excavated to create the pond, and therefore we may never have any hard evidence of its location, despite numerous attempts to dig trenches to find more of the temple buildings.  This probably also means that, similar to Shitennouji, the lecture hall  was incorporated into the enclosing gallery wall rather than being outside, because if it was outside, then it likely would have been farther north and we would probably have seen some trace.  As it is, the lack of any trace suggests that it was inside or part of the enclosure with the pagoda and kondou. The large size of this archeological site concurs with what we know about Kudara Ohodera, both in its description and in the fact that it is referred to as "Ohodera", or "Great Temple"—no other temple has really been given that name directly, though there are a few references to "Ohodera"  that are ambiguous and might refer either to this temple or Asukadera..  Still, if this temple, sometimes also called Kibi Pond Temple due to its location, is *not* Kudara Ohodera then that just brings up more questions.  How could there have been such a monumental Buddhist temple this close to Asuka and within the bounds of the later Fujiwara-kyo and yet nobody thinks to mention it?  It doesn't appear to have been started and abandoned, as there were quite a few structures built.  So if this isn't Kudara Temple then someone has some 'splaining to do. Indeed, McCallum notes that while there are some objections, the preponderance of evidence seems to lean greatly in favor of the Kibi Pond site for Kudara Ohodera.  We still have yet to find the Kudara palace, however, so who knows.  There are also questions about the construction as various architectural features are missing in ways that are not consistent with other sites. Some oddities, such as a seeming lack of rooftiles given the apparent size of the building, actually may be a point in favor of this being Kudara Ohodera, since we know that the temple was moved in 673 when Ohoama requested that they build the Takechi Ohodera, which appears to have been Kudara's successor temple.  If they had reused the material from Kudara Ohodera to build, at least in part, Takechi Ohodera, that could explain why rooftiles and other such things are not present in the numbers expected at the Kibi Pond site. Takechi Ohodera is another bit of a mystery.  I can't help but note that Takechi is the name given Ohoama's son who was with him on the front lines of the Jinshin no Ran.  We also see a "Takechi no Agata-nushi", who is noted as the governor of the district of Takechi.  In all cases here it is spelled "Taka-ichi", or "high market", and it is not an uncommon name—we even find a Miwa no Kimi no Takechimaro.  In the record of the Jinshin no Ran it is noted that the governor of Takechi was possessed by the kami of Takechi and of Musa.  These were named as Kotoshironushi and Ikuikazuchi.  They claimed that they had been the kami that escorted Ohoama to Fuwa and saw him safely there.  As such, donations were made to their shrines.  Musa is an area in modern Takaichi district, which includes the area of Asuka, and is part of Kashihara city.  The Takaichi Agata Jinja—or the Takechi District Shrine—sits in the Shijo area of Kashihara city, north of Mt. Unebi. There are several proposed locations for Takechi Ohodera, but despite excavations, no clear temple features have been found.  As such, there isn't anything to clearly point to one or the other. What we do know is that Takechi Ohodera underwent another transformation.  According to the Daianji Engi, the Takechi Ohodera was renamed to Daikandaiji in 677.  There is no specific mention of this in the Nihon Shoki, other than a note that Takechi Ohodera was also known as Daikandaiji and a reference, in 679, of "fixing the names".  Personally, I can't help but wonder if this is a case of a nickname becoming the name-in-fact.  As I mentioned earlier in the episode, Daikandaijij, which can also be read as "Oho-tsukasa no Oho-tera" can be translated into something like Great Government Official Great Temple or Great Temple of the Royal Court.  We do know the location of this temple in later years, but this is probably not exactly where Takechi Ohodera was originally built. For one thing, it is suspicious that the temple lines up exactly with the later grid for Fujiwara-kyo, the later capital city that was built north of Asuka.  We also are told by the Daianji Engi that a nine storey pagoda and kondou were built between 697 and 707 CE.  There are also notes about activities at the temple mentioned in the Shoku Nihongi for the same period.  And yet there were also activities being held during that time which would not seem feasible if they were renovating in place.  So likely the new construction was at a new site—possibly near the old site.  And at this later site, the rooftiles were from a later period, closer to the period of the later construction and not really matching with earlier construction dates. So what did this temple of many names – Kudara Ohodera, then Takechi Ohodera, then Daikandaiji – actually look like?  We probably have a layout for the original temple and the later temple.  If Kibi Pond Temple is the original Kudara Ohodera, the original temple had the kondou and the pagoda on the same east-west axis, and likely had the koudou north of that – very Horyuji-like.  But based on the layout at the later temple site, we have something quite different.  From the central gate, there is a path straight towards the Kondou, with the Koudou directly north of that, and the nine-storey pagoda in an odd, off-set position, southeast of the kondou.  This disrupts the symmetry even more than the Kudara Ohodera layout.  There is some speculation that this asymmetry was temporary and that they planned to fill the other space but just never got around to it, but there is no indication that they had prepared for anything, either.  Also odd is the fact that the koudou, the lecture hall, was the same size as the image hall, the kondou, and that was roughly the same size as the enormous hall at Toudaiji, which is really saying something.  This really was a tremendous building, fitting for the main temple of the royal government. The third of the four great temples is Kawaradera, and this one is challenging to plot out chronologically as there isn't a lot of documentation.  There is no exact date for the building of Kawaradera.  There is a mention of it in 653, but the same entry in the Nihon Shoki also states that there are sources that claim it should be Yamadadera, instead.  Based on other evidence, this actually seems more likely.  Yamadadera is thought to have been the work of Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro, and it is where he eventually fled when accused of treason.  It was founded in 641, according to the Joguki, the record of Prince Shotoku, but construction didn't actually start until2 years later, and monks only began to occupy it in 648.  The following year, however, construction halted as that is when Ishikawa no Maro fled there and committed suicide.  Construction was resumed in 663, but still took time.  Still, even in the middle of this very long DIY project, it makes sense that there might be some activities in 653, even if construction was paused.   Later the temple would be completed, and seems to have had powerful backing.  Uno no Sarara, Ohoama's queen, was a granddaughter of Ishikawa no Maro, and so likely had a connection to the temple, but it never attained the status of a national temple the way the others had.  As far as its layout—it was similar to Shitennouji, with the pagoda, kondo, and koudou all in a line on the north-south axis. Kawaradera was another matter.  Though we aren't sure when it was built, exactly.  If we discount the 653 date as applying to Yamadadera instead, then the first date we really see anything at Kawara is Kawara Palace, built for Takara Hime—aka Saimei Tennou—who took up residence there when the Itabuki Palace burned.  Later it would be used for her mogari—her temporary interment.  The next mention of a temple at Kawara isn't until this reign, in 673, when Ohoama had the Buddhist canon, the Issaiko, copied, as I noted at the top of the episode.  So it must have been established and built some time before 673. Although we don't know when it was founded, we very clearly know where it was, as the foundations stones are still present, and quite clear—and unlike other Asuka era temples, it would stay in Asuka, rather than being removed up to the new capital at Heijo-kyo. Given everything else and its apparent importance, the lack of information on when Kawaradera was established is quite odd.  McCallum suggests that this could have been deliberate as a way to help delegitimize the temple in the 8th century, but also admits that it may have just been due to the general problems with early record keeping back in the day and there may not have been a good record of why and when the temple was founded.  The rooftiles are similar to those used during the time that the court was at Ohotsu.  I would also note that there is a connection between the foundation stones and a quarry up near Ohotsu at what is, today, Ishiyamadera.  That still doesn't tell us when Kawaradera was founded, as that could have been any time, and doesn't necessarily mean that it was during the time the court was in Ohotsu. Regardless of what textual evidence does or does not exist, the archaeological evidence is pretty staggering.  Even today you can go and see some of the exposed foundation stones.  This was a massive temple.  There was a south gate and then a middle gate just north of that.  The main enclosure was divided into two courtyards.  In the first, just beyond the middle gate, at the north end was the middle kondo, while in the courtyard itself, facing each other on an east-west axis, was a western kondou and the temple pagoda.  Past the middle kondou was a larger courtyard, with the koudou, or lecture hall, in the north, with a bell tower or sutra hall in the south west and southeast corners.  The walls of the enclosure were made up of a covered gallery, and around the outside of the northern courtyard, containing the koudou, were smaller chambers believed to be the monks quarters, something we don't necessarily see at all of the other sites. Despite being an important temple, and one of the Four Great Temples during the Asuka periods, when the capital eventually moved to Heijo-kyo, in modern Nara, Kawaradera had the distinction of being the only one of the four that was not moved as well. All three of the other Great Temples had new compounds built in Heijo-kyo, and the temples were thus "transferred" to the new capital.  Presumably that means that most of the monks and administration moved there, and those new temples took up the roles, duties, and responsibilities of the old temples.  The temple complexes in Asuka were not necessarily destroyed or deconstructed, but instead were apparently left to their own devices, becoming reduced in status.  Many of them fell into disrepair, and when disasters, such as fire, struck they were not rebuilt to the same extent as before, if at all.   Kawaradera, however, appears to have not been transferred.  It would eventually be replaced as one of the Four Great Temples by the temple of Koufukuji, which was specifically a temple for the Fujiwara family, who were having a bit of a moment in the Nara period.  Some have speculated that Kawaradera was specifically left behind in Asuka for that reason—so that the Fujiwara family temple could sneak into the ranks of national temples.  Or it may have been that Kawaradera had a particular connection to Takara Hime and the site of her interment.  If it was a memorial temple to her, then perhaps it didn't seem appropriate to remove it from its physical location.  McCallum also suggests that it was so powerful in its position in Asuka that it preferred to stay and keep its stipend-fiefs, perhaps believing that even the move to Heijo-kyo would be just another short fad, as had been Ohotsu and Fujiwara-kyo.  Of course, if so, they were sorely mistaken. And so Kawaradera would eventually fade from the picture, but during the time of Ohoama's reign, and into that of his immediate successors, it seems that it certainly held some sway. The fourth of the Four Great Temples was the temple of Yakushiji—the temple of the Medicine Buddha.  This is the latest temple of the bunch.  Its construction was ordered in the year 680 in response to Ohoama's queen, Uno no Sarara, falling ill.  And so he vowed to build a temple for her—specifically a temple to Yakushi Nyorai, the Medicine Buddha, whom we discussed last episode.  That said, there is considerable time between the order to construct a temple and getting enough of it built to actually be functional.  I haven't really touched on this, except when I briefly discussed Yamadadera and how long that took to build, but all of these temples were massive works, much more complicated than the traditional palace buildings.  For the most part, palace architecture could be built relatively quickly with the tools and labor available.  This was a good thing, seeing as how, for many years, the sovereign had moved again and again, either because of the previous sovereign's death in the palace or just because they chose a new location for a palace.  As such, one couldn't spend years building a new palace.  So palace buildings were simply made with wooden posts, sunk into the ground, with thatched roofs.  In a few examples we see attempts to use wooden boards or tiles, but they weren't complicated. A temple, on the other hand, was something different.  Temples were largely wood, but they were massive in size and their roofs were covered in heavy ceramic tiles.  All of that weight had to be properly distributed on a strong base—simple posts were not likely to work.  Instead they were built on raised stone foundations.  That's great for us looking at them, today, but at the time it would have been an inordinate amount of labor.  Hence why a temple like Yamadadera took so long to build. So Yakushiji may have been founded in 680, but was likely not finished until much later, which is why we don't really see it in the records for Ohoama's reign and why the order for national temples probably only states that there were just two or three.  However, it would become one of the four great temples, and is also notable because, in its transfer to Heijokyo, it largely retained its shape and layout, meaning that you can go to it, today, and still get some sense of what it may have been like back in the Asuka period.  Granted, there are certainly differences, but there are enough similarities that it is likely worth a visit.  Many of the other temples were significantly modified when they were rebuilt in the new capital in Nara.  The layout for Yakushiji is a basic rectangular layout.  North of the central gate there is not one, but two pagodas, on an east-west axis from each other, flanking the path to the kondo, roughly in the center.  Finally the koudou at the north end, built into the roofed gallery.  The modern Yakushiji, a UNESCO world heritage site, maintains one of the pagodas from 730.  Other buildings have been lost and rebuilt over the years.  Today, the covered gallery only goes around half of the compound.  This temple would be important, but mostly in the period following the current reign. This period of the four Great Temples perhaps gives us some insight into the relationship between Buddhism and the State.  Early on, Buddhism was the province largely of the Soga family, and Soga no Umako was apparently the most powerful figure of his day.  He founded Asukadera, and early temples weree founded by Soga or their associates, including Prince Umayado.  McCallum points out that the National Temples, however, were, with one exception, founded by sovereigns.  Kudara Ohodera was the first, Kawaradera was likely founded for Takara Hime, and Yakushiji was founded for Queen Uno.  The only one of the four that wasn't expressly founded on a sovereign's order was that of Asukadera, the temple by Soga no Umako.  This may explain why it was both included and excluded as a national temple in the Chronicles.  After all, there is no doubting its importance, but the narrative of a single, strong, royal house is somewhat impeded by the idea that one of those temples was founded by what was, for all of his power and authority, a private individual.  Ultimately they didn't include it in the edict and yet still acknowledged it as one of the Great Temples. McCallum also points out that these four may not have been fixed quite so early on.  For example, on the matter of Houryuuji—there is a bronze plaque that mentions an "Ikaruga no Ohodera", suggesting that the Ikaruga Temple—that is to say Houryuuji, founded on the estates of Prince Umayado—was at one time granted that title.  Of course, there are questions as to the exact date of the inscription, and whether or not they meant "Ohodera" in the later sense of a national temple or simply in the sense that it was large; and the term may have meant something else, earlier on. The roster of official temples, the Tsukasa no Tera or Kanji, would grow over time, but that is something for a later period.  It is worth noting, though, that the Chronicles at this point seem to distinguish between three types or levels of temples at this time, based on other edicts that we see.  There is also the matter of temple names. The first edict is from the 5th day of the 4th lunar month of 679, six years into Ohoama's reign.  The declaration states that the court would consider the history of any temple with sustenance fiefs and add or remove them as appropriate.  This suggests that there were temples with sustenance fiefs—that is, that had stipends based on lands whose official output went to their upkeep—and temples without such fiefs.  The latter were likely more local temples, likely funded by local elites, possibly out of actual devotion, or an attempt to gain the power that Buddhism presumably brought, or possibly just in emulation of the central court, much as the peripheral elites had also constructed the keyhole shaped kofun.  Along with the adjustments of stipends, we are also told that the administration quote-unquote "fixed" the names of the temples. This again goes to the government's control of the temples and Buddhism.  McCallum suggests that what is meant here is that they moved away from locative names to Buddhist names for the temple; up to this point, temple names appear to be about the location of the temple.  So we have Asuka dera, or Asuka Temple, built in Asuka.  Kudara Ohodera is Kudara Great Temple because it was by the Kudara river and the Kudara palace.  When it was moved to Takechi, they changed the name to Takechi temple.  Kawaradera was at Kawara, while the temple we know as Houryuuji was known at the time as Ikaruga Temple—or possibly Ikaruga Great Temple.  But later these temples would be known by their Buddhist names, so Asukadera is Houkouji.  Kudara Ohodera becomes Daikandaiji—and in fact, it is after this point that we see Daikandaiji in the narrative.  Ikaruga dera—though not one of the yondaiji, or four Great Temples—becomes Horyuuji.  I'm not quite so sure about Kawaradera, but Yakushiji, which is founded after this decree, comes to us with a Buddhist name rather than just the name of a location. This change in name likely simplified, somewhat, the concept of moving, or transferring the temples.  Rather than establishing a brand new temple with new administration and everything, they could build a new temple, but grant it the name and rights of the old temple.  The old temple grounds could still be used and occupied—it was still *a* temple, but it was no longer *the* temple, at least for official purposes.  It would be strange, however, to move the Asuka Temple up to the area of modern Nara city and still call it the Asuka Temple. The year after reassessing the stipends and fixing the names of the temples we get the edict about the 2 or 3 national temples.  And we've mostly discussed that, but here I would just point out that it does add a third distinction to the types of temples.  So we have temples with no stipends, temples with stipends—but they would only last for 30 years total after which they were expected to find new sources of funding—and the national temples, which would presumably receive funding through the government in perpetuity—or until the court changed its mind. So why do we care about any of this?  Obviously Buddhism has had a huge impact on Japanese culture.  However, this isn't just about the religion as an idea, but about the institutions.  These temples—especially these great temples—contained a fair amount of wealth.   It wasn't just the golden images, or the elaborate amount of work and materials that went into the creation of the buildings.  There was also the sustenance-fiefs that were paying for the upkeep.  These temples were also being managed by formal government administrators.  They also performed rituals that the court relied on.  Association with these temples was no doubt important.  Later we see princes and other members of high status families taking high ranking positions, and the temples ended up cultivating their own power.  Over time, the power of various Buddhist institutions would grow,  often challenging or even rivaling the power of the court itself. There are a few other items from this reign that we see related to these temples and Buddhism, more generally.  In 677 we see a Buddhist festival at Asukadera, where the entire canon was apparently reda out.  The sovereign himself showed up and did obeisance to the Three Precious Things—an interesting bit of religious piety and humility.   At the same time, he had all of the Princes and Ministers find one person each to renounce the world and become a monk or nun—both men and women were chosen, without apparent distinction.  We are also assured that they all did so of their own volition, and weren't forced.  In 679, we see a regulation on the clothing of priests and nuns, as well as the men and horses who  accompanied them when they traveled.  If priests are going around with a full on noble retinue, well, that probably says something about the status of priests—at least the abbots and heads of these institutions. 680 – A fire breaks out at the nunnery at Tachibana temple.  Tachibanadera is situated south of Kawaradera, and similar to that temple, it seems to have previously been the site of a royal palace and also isn't recorded as being founded in the Nihon Shoki—it appears fully formed in this record.  Tachibanadera's own records seem to suggest that it was founded in 606, and claims a founding by Shotoku Taishi.  It is also said to be the site of the palace where Shotoku Taishi was born to his mother, Princess Anahobe no Hashibito, consort of Tachibana no Toyohi, aka Yomei Tennou.  Shotoku Taishi is also the subject of the primary image of Tachibana temple, today.  Although Tachibanadera wasn't one of the Four Great Temples, it was likely connected to one—Kawaradera.  Not only was it built on the same north-south axis as Kawaradera, but some of the tiles are similar to Kawaradera's founding tiles.  The layout was similar to Yamada-dera or Shitennouji, with the pagoda, kondou, and kooudou, all in a single north-south orientation.  It is possible that Kawaradera was a monastery for male monks while Tachibanadera may have been the complementary nunnery for female initiates.  680 had a lot going on.  In the 10th lunar month, the sovereign handed out alms to monks and nuns—silk and cloth.  A month later, Ohoama vowed Yakushiji in hopes that it would help his wife, Queen Uno, who was unwell.  He also granted a general amnesty, likely to just add further merit.  Apparently it was successful, as she would go on to live for quite some time after that, even helping to take the reins of government when Ohoama himself fell ill. In 682, Princess Hidaka fell ill.  190 people, both men and women, were pardoned for capital or lesser crimes, in an attempt to make merit, and the following day we are told that over 140 people renounced the world at Daikandaiji—likely on the Princess's behalf. The year after that, 683, we see the sovereign making appointments to the official buddhist offices of Soujou, Soudzu, and Risshi—Doctors of the Law.  This was probably a somewhat regular occurrence, though this is the first time we see the Risshi, it seems.  The mention here is apparently due to the admonition given that "Those who control the monks and nuns should act according to the law."  Definitely seems to be something there—perhaps a reason as to why the Soujou and Soudzu were being appointed.  But the Nihon Shoki doesn't give us a lot more to go on other than speculation. Later that same year, in the 7th lunar month, we see priests and nuns gathered at the palace for the first ever ango, or retreat.  An ango is where priests and nuns of different temples are brought together.  The term refers to a practice said to come from the time of Shakyamuni, before there were temples.  Shakyamuni's acolytes, who spent much of the year wandering, would return to one place during the rainy season. At that time they would listen and discuss Shakyamuni's teachings.  In some sects, this practice of coming together would be particularly important, and it was a mark of honor for how many retreats a monk might have attended over the years. In 685, the court promoted Buddhism with an edict requiring every household to maintain a Buddhist altar, with a statue of the Buddha and a copy of a sutra inside.  It is unclear to me if this was just for merit-making or what, but it must have been somewhat lucrative for the various temples, who would have likely been the source for said sutras, and, at least peripherally, the statues as well.  Later that year, in the 4th lunar month, there was another ango at the palace.  The month after that, Ohoama went to Asukadera and presented precious objects and worshipped.  In the 8th lunar month Ohoama went to Joudouji – Aston claims this is Asukadera, also known as Houkouji—and the next day he visited Kawaradera and provided rice to the monks there.  One month after that, Ohoama was feeling ill, so the court ordered Daikandaiji, Kawaradera, and Asukadera—the three Great Temples that were fully operational at that point—to chant sutras for his sake.  In return they were granted various quantities of rice. Ohoama recovered for a time, but it was perhaps a precursor of what was to come.  A month later a monk from Baekje and a lay monk were sent out to seek a medicinal herb known as white okera.  Today, a similar compound is known in Chinese traditional medicine as Bái Zhú.  A few months later Ohoama went to the medicinal herb garden of Shiranishiki, and a few weeks later he was presented with Bai Zhu, the boiled white okera.   That same day, ritualists performed the Chikonsai, the "Calling of the Spirit".  All of this seems to indicate the early onset of symptoms that may have been temporarily abated, but likely were part of the disease or illness that would eventually take his life. But we covered most of that last episode, and we are already dragging on longer than I expected, so I think I'm going to end it here.  Coming up in the narrative, since I started to mention it, I'll probably take a look next at the founding of the new capital of Fujiwara kyo, and what that would mean, along with other initiatives that would outlive Ohoama. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Cette semaine, on s'attaque avec enthousiasme à l'ascension du mont Kami dans la dernière production du studio Montpelliérain The Game Bakers. Après les très marquants Furi et Haven, Cairn raconte l'expédition d'Avaa, grimpeuse chevronnée, qui part à la conquête d'un sommet qui n'a encore jamais été atteint. En proposant un gameplay complètement original pour reproduire les sensations et les émotions de l'escalade, le titre réussit à provoquer une immersion d'une intensité redoutable. Nous avions tellement de choses à partager et à raconter à ce propos qu'on a préféré prendre le temps d'une émission entière.Jérémie Kletzkine, dans sa chronique jeux de société, nous parle de Insurrection.Chapitres :0:00 Intro4:12 Les news22:39 Le com des coms42:49 Cairn (partie 1)1:18:57 La chronique jeux de société : Insurrection1:24:23 Cairn (partie 2)1:51:01 La minute culturelle1:56:42 Cairn (partie 3)2:18:48 Et quand vous ne jouez pas, vous faites quoi ?Retrouvez toutes les chroniques de jérémie dans le podcast dédié Silence on Joue ! La chronique jeux de société (Lien RSS).Pour commenter cette émission, donner votre avis ou simplement discuter avec notre communauté, connectez-vous au serveur Discord de Silence on joue!Retrouvez Silence on Joue sur Twitch : https://www.twitch.tv/silenceonjoueSoutenez Silence on joue en vous abonnant à Libération avec notre offre spéciale à 6€ par mois : https://offre.liberation.fr/soj/Silence on joue ! c'est l'émission hebdo de jeux vidéo de Libération. Avec Erwan Cario et ses chroniqueurs Patrick Hellio, Julie Le Baron et Marius Chapuis.CRÉDITSSilence on joue ! est un podcast de Libération animé par Erwan Cario. Cet épisode a été enregistré le 30 janvier 2026 sur Discord. Réalisation : Erwan Cario. Générique : Marc Quatrociocchi. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Episod 186 Audio Siar Keluar Sekejap membincangkan Rancangan Pendidikan Malaysia 2026–2035 yang diumumkan oleh Perdana Menteri, Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, pada minggu lalu. Antara keputusan utama yang disentuh ialah cadangan kemasukan Darjah 1 pada usia enam tahun serta pelaksanaan Matriks Pembelajaran bagi murid Darjah 4 dan pelajar Tingkatan 3.Episod ini turut mengupas kes rasuah Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) yang mencatat sejarah apabila, buat pertama kalinya, bekas Panglima Angkatan Tentera Malaysia dan bekas Panglima Tentera Darat ditahan serta didakwa atas pertuduhan rasuah dan salah guna kuasa.Selain itu, perbincangan turut menyentuh Tahun Melawat Malaysia, yang menyaksikan Malaysia mengatasi Thailand dari segi jumlah pelawat. Namun, episod ini menekankan cabaran berterusan berkaitan perbelanjaan pelancong yang masih rendah di dalam negara.Bagi isu antarabangsa, Keluar Sekejap mengulas rancangan bekas Presiden Amerika Syarikat, Donald Trump, untuk mengadakan perbincangan segera berhubung usaha mengambil alih Greenland, serta cadangan penubuhan Board of Peace.Kami juga telah melancarkan Kelas Sekejap! Kelas Sekejap ialah Aplikasi Bahasa Inggeris Pertama di Malaysia Untuk Belajar Dengan Bertutur. Dikuasakan oleh AI - Pelajaran disesuaikan ikut minat, matlamat dan tahap anda. Muat turun di Apple Store dan Play Store sekarang!Ikuti Kelas Sekejap untuk pelancaran eksklusif hari ini!Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kelas_sekejap TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@kelas_sekejap

Rindu random conversation TTYL? Kami pun rindu jugak! :( Late night ramblingsRembali bakal competitor Rembayung??Teori nama anak-anak T20, M40 dan B40Jangan masak waktu tengah marah!The art of cooking masakan MelayuRestoran Melayu high-endDilemma podcastersJangan lupa subscribe Youtube channel TTYL: Talk To You Later ! **Follow TTYL Socials**Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@ttylpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TTYL: Talk To You Later⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Tiktok: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@ttyl.podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

This bedtime story about Japanese mythology begins with the world creation myth by Amaterasu. Then we will explore Japan's spiritual tradition: Shinto, and its countless Kami. We will also follow the path of Emperor Jimmu's legendary journey, and discover beloved folktales like Momotaro and The Sparrow with the Slit Tongue, before closing with the powerful story of the 47 Ronin. #sleep #bedtimestory #asmr #sleepstory #mythology #japan Welcome to Lights Out Library Join me for a sleepy adventure tonight. Sit back, relax, and fall asleep to documentary-style bedtime stories read in a calming ASMR voice. Learn something new while you enjoy a restful night of sleep. Listen ad free and get access to bonus content on our Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/LightsOutLibrary621⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Enjoy my audiobook on Ancient Egyptian History, Myths & Mysteries: ⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/6mCqX5FoO6uCilrWCS8mB9?si=e1ecb983d2534d69⁠ Listen on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LightsOutLibraryov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠   ¿Quieres escuchar en Español? Echa un vistazo a La Biblioteca de los Sueños! En Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/1t522alsv5RxFsAf9AmYfg⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/la-biblioteca-de-los-sue%C3%B1os-documentarios-para-dormir/id1715193755⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ En Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@LaBibliotecadelosSuenosov⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Mousedebaters talk Disney Would-You-Rathers.What begins as a perfectly normal episode quickly turns into a reminder that we should not be allowed to have microphones.Kami kicks things off by forcing Brittany and Luke to play “Guess the Disney movie based on its promo tagline” — a game that sounds fun until you realize that many of the official Disney taglines are wildly unhelpful and we are… mediocre under pressure.From there, we spiral into a round of Disney Would You Rather questions that say more about us than we're comfortable admitting, including:Would You Rather: Lick the entire Haunted Mansion queue handrail or ride the Storybook Canal Boats with your worst ex?Would You Rather: Be roasted to the point of tears by the Jungle Cruise Skipper or publicly reprimanded by a plaid vest?True to form, we're making questionable choices, revealing alarming personal preferences, and proving yet again that Disney fandom plus unchecked ADHD is a wild combination to record and put on the internet for everyone to hear. 

Before fully diving into 2026, the Krewe takes a minute (or 64) to reflect on Japan in 2025, recapping & remembering the good, the bad & the wacky. From the top news stories of 2025 to the year's biggest pop culture stand outs, this episode covers it all!------ About the Krewe ------The Krewe of Japan Podcast is a weekly episodic podcast sponsored by the Japan Society of New Orleans. Check them out every Friday afternoon around noon CST on Apple, Google, Spotify, Amazon, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts.  Want to share your experiences with the Krewe? Or perhaps you have ideas for episodes, feedback, comments, or questions? Let the Krewe know by e-mail at kreweofjapanpodcast@gmail.com or on social media (Twitter: @kreweofjapan, Instagram: @kreweofjapanpodcast, Facebook: Krewe of Japan Podcast Page, TikTok: @kreweofjapanpodcast, LinkedIn: Krewe of Japan LinkedIn Page, Blue Sky Social: @kreweofjapan.bsky.social, Threads: @kreweofjapanpodcast & the Krewe of Japan Youtube Channel). Until next time, enjoy!------ Support the Krewe! Offer Links for Affiliates ------Use the referral links below & our promo code from the episode!Support your favorite NFL Team AND podcast! Shop NFLShop to gear up for football season!Zencastr Offer Link - Use my special link to save 30% off your 1st month of any Zencastr paid plan! Get your very own JAPAN BEAR SHELTER------ Past KOJ Episodes Referenced ------Crash Course in Japanese Politics ft. Tobias Harris of Japan Foresight (S6E13)Social Media & Perceptions of Japan (S6E8)Japanese Soccer on the World Stage ft. Dan Orlowitz (S6E5)Meet the J.League ft. Dan Orlowitz (S6E4)Expo 2025: Japan on the World Stage ft. Sachiko Yoshimura (S6E2)Checking Out Miyagi ft. Ryotaro Sakurai (Guest Host, William Woods) (S5E5)Thoughts on Godzilla Minus One ft. Dr. William (Bill) Tsutsui (S4Bonus)Visiting Themed Cafes in Japan ft. Chris Nilghe of TDR Explorer (S4E15)The Life of a Sumotori ft. 3-Time Grand Champion Konishiki Yasokichi (S4E10)Japan 2021: A Year in Review (S2E13)Japanese Theme Parks ft. TDR Explorer (S2E4)Greatest Anime of All-Time pt. 3: Modern Day Anime (2010-Present) (S1E18)Talking Sumo ft. Andrew Freud (S1E8)------ JSNO Upcoming Events ------JSNO Event CalendarJoin JSNO Today!

Our friend and Thrive teammate, Kami, shares how practicing relational skills has strengthened her ability to use them in everyday life. She's also discovered that the more she practices these skills in her interactions with others, the more she sees our abundantly loving God reflected through her life.