Podcasts about Peasant

Traveling and vacation is so much fun until you get the bill for all the meals you ate out, and you get a tummy ache for all those weird ingredients your body just didn't like. If you have allergies and food sensitivities it's even more difficult, finding somewhere safe to eat is just about impossible. We have both found that when we travel we just do better if we bring a lot of our own food with us. In this episode we are going to talk about our best tips for preparing, what kinds of food we bring, how to pack tools and what tools to bring, how to keep food cold on the trip, and just some of the things we have learned traveling over the years - traveling with kids, and with food and with special diet considerations. This episode is a really fun one for getting ready for big trips, but also great for just thinking about going out and about for the day, if you're looking for things and ideas for taking picnics on the go just for an afternoon.We also included seven tips from Bob Jordan, Andrea's dad, who does catastrophic damage restoration in homes for water, fire and mold. He has some great tips for travelers to set you on your way and ensure you come home to a safe and happy home. Those tips are available for download for all listeners at ancestralkitchenpodcast.com/downloads. For supporters of the podcast there is an additional download as well; you will get Andrea's menu from her most recent week-long trip, with 6 family members. Thanks for listening!* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *One Earth Health make the grass-fed organ supplements we use and trust. Get 15% off your first order here and 5% off all subsequent orders here.For US listeners, we recommend Grand Teton Ancient Grains. They sell regenerative, organic flours and berries that can satisfy all your baking needs. Stock up and get free shipping at AncientGrains.com* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Get more news from Alison & Andrea by signing up to their newsletter at the top of the page here.For more tips, inspiration and recipes plus a free 30-page guide to Baking with Ancient Grains sign up for Alison's newsletter here!Get our two podcast cookbooks:Meals at the Ancestral HearthSpelt Sourdough Every DayAlison's course, Rye Sourdough Bread: Mastering The BasicsAlison's Sowans oat fermentation courseGet 10% off US/Canada Bokashi supplies: click here and use code AKP.Get 10% off UK Bokashi supplies.Visit our (non-Amazon!) bookshop for a vast selection of ancestral cookbooks:

Too many of you worship women. You put them on a pedestal, supplicate to them—and you know who hates it the most? Women! They want a man they can look up to, who has the confidence and competence to lead them to where they want to be led. So when you put yourself in a position of inferiority, you immediately become unattractive. In this episode, you'll learn how to correctly frame your interactions with women so you can stop exuding inferiority and start acting like the king you are, and the king she wants you to be. Apply for Mark's 3-Month Coaching Program Here: https://coachmarksing.com/coaching/ Check Out The Perks Program: https://coachmarksing.com/perks/ Follow Mark on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/coachmarksing/ Watch UMP Episodes on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCybix9PZoDgcyyt5hNxPLuw Grab Mark's Free Program: "The Approach Formula": https://www.CoachMarkSing.com/The-Approach-Formula Contact Mark Directly: CoachMarkSing@Gmail.com

This bonus content is a reading from Platypus, the CASTAC Blog. The full post by Julián Medina-Zárate and Nicolas Lara-Rodriguez can be read at https://blog.castac.org/2025/06/peasant-reserve-zones-as-techno-socio-environmental-assemblages/. About the post: Peasant Reserve Zones (Zonas de Reserva Campesina, or ZRCs in Spanish) constitute a legal framework established to organize territories historically inhabited by peasant communities in Colombia. Designed as part of agrarian reform efforts, these zones are intended to promote environmental conservation and socioeconomic sustainability in rural areas. The ZRCs provide peasant organizations with a set of tools to structure their social, economic, political, and environmental governance. However, their effectiveness in achieving social and environmental objectives remains a subject of ongoing research across disciplines such as ecology, sociology, and economics. Existing studies yield inconclusive results, instead highlighting the complexity of the dynamics surrounding this institutional mechanism.  

The rise of the Canadian west attracts a new type of migrant-settler from continental Europe, establishing new communities in Canada - none more consequential than that of the Ukrainian-Canadians. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-nations-of-canada--4572969/support.

Egyptian Tales – Chillbooks

In order to become rich, powerful, and prestigious in the pre-modern world, nothing mattered more than horses. They were the fundamental unit of warfare, enabling cavalry charges, and logistical support. They facilitated the creation of the Silk Road (which could arguably be called the “Horse Road”) since China largely built it to enable the purchase of millions of horses to fight its nomadic neighbors to the north. The term "caballero," meaning a gentleman or knight in Spanish, derived from the Latin "caballus" (horse), reflecting how wealth, status, and the skilled ability to ride a horse defined chivalric ideals in medieval society. From the windswept Eurasian steppe to the royal stables of Persia and the warpaths of Genghis Khan, today’s guest, David Chaffetz, author of Raiders, Rulers, and Traders traces the story of how horses changed the world—not just in warfare, but in statecraft, commerce, and culture. Chaffetz makes the case that the so-called “Silk Road” might more accurately be remembered as the Horse Road. Horse-driven mobility shaped empires from Assyria and the Achaemenids to the Mughals and the Soviets. Just as we rely on the Internet today, ancient societies depended on the horse as a transformative technology that shaped everything from warfare to governance.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The most significant rebellion of the Medieval era, the so-called Peasant's Revolt, kicked off in Brentwood, Essex on 30th May, 1381, when tax collector John Bampton attempted to collect unpaid poll tax. The protest triggered a violent confrontation, rapidly spreading across the south-east of the country. Within a month, the rebels were marching towards London, massacring merchants and razing the palace of the king's uncle, John of Gaunt. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly consider whether the protestors really were ‘peasants' at all; appraise 14 year-old king Richard II's handling of their appeasement; and explain how, despite the horrific hardship of the Black Death, the working classes had, for once, something of an advantage… Further Reading: • ‘The Peasants' Revolt Of 1381: A Guide' (HistoryExtra, 2021): https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/your-guide-peasants-revolt-facts-timeline/ • ‘Peasants' Revolt' (British Library): https://www.bl.uk/learning/timeline/item132518.html • ‘The Untold Story Of The 1381 Peasants Revolt' (Timeline, 2018): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kq9sbtFCR8&t=2s Love the show? Support us!  Join 

New Hero in TownKevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

What happens when you stir together the essence of a poet, a peasant, and a vagabond? In this episode, I explore the alchemy of these three archetypes—and what emerges when we let them shape our lives from the inside out. This is a fireside reflection on mythic identity, soulful living, and the quiet art of becoming.Come wander with me.The Importance of Living, Lin YutangJoin the discussion on

Margaret continues talking with Kat Abughazaleh about the folk councils that came to define English Common Law. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The word נעים means pleasant, or nice. Let's learn all about pleasantness – Guy teaches us sentences with this word that has had a long and successful career, along with Hebrew names related to its root. Oh, and how do you greet someone who just got a haircut in Arabic? Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon   New Words and Expressions: Naim – Pleasant, fine – נעים Mezeg avir naim – Nice weather – מזג אוויר נעים Naim meod – Nice meeting you – נעים מאוד Na'im lehakir – Nice meeting you – נעים להכיר Naim li me'od – Nice meeting you – נעים לי מאוד Ze lo na'im li – I don't like this (feeling) – זה לא נעים לי Slicha, mamash lo na'im li, aval… – Sorry, I feel awful saying this, but… – סליחה, ממש לא נעים לי, אבל Na'iman – An arabic blessing to a person who finished a shower or got a new haircut – נעימן – نعيماً “Ani holem al Naomi” – I dream about Naomi – אני חולם על נעמי Na'ama – Na'ama, a woman's first name – נעמה Noam – Pleasantness – נועם “Ata lo yachol la'asot et ze yoter be-noam?” – Can't you do it more pleasantly? – אתה לא יכול לעשות את זה יותר בנועם Be-noam – Pleasantly – בנועם Noam halichot – Peasant manners – נועם הליכות Ne'ima musikalit – Musical tune – נעימה מוסיקלית Biluy naim – Have a great time – בילוי נעים Tisa ne'ima – Have a pleasant flight – טיסה נעימה   Playlist and Clips: Ha-halonot Ha-gvohim – Kama Na'im (lyrics) Jana Mekdad – Naiman (Arabic) Yael Naim – New Soul Hedva & David – Ani Holem Al Neomi (lyrics) Hedva & David – Naomi No Yume (Japanese version) Yael Levy – Tmuna (lyrics) Ep. 58 about lo na'im li HEB

Margaret talks with Kat Abughazaleh about the folk councils that came to define English Common Law. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Updating my Linkedin bio from 'Art Appreciator' to 'Former Art Appreciator.'

Send us a text/ /  Welcome to the Human Being Human Podcast   This is the season four premier in this podcast series, entitled, “A Peasant Surprise.” In this season and episode, we'll explore the deep and vibrant history of polka music, a genre deeply rooted in the story of my family's musical and cultural legacy. From its humble village origins to the heights of  international acclaim, the story of polka is more epic than listeners would have ever imagined.  / /  Please join me for hearty conversations, scholastic adventures, and lively storytelling   / /  Thanks for listening, and thanks for sharing with a fellow human being  / /Support the show

Who won the First Opium War? Why did British troops feel guilty about their role? What treaty led to Britain taking control of Hong Kong? Anita and William discuss the tragic imbalance of The First Opium War, and the traumatic ways in which Chinese citizens responded to the humiliation it entailed… Empire Club: Become a member of the Empire Club to receive early access to miniseries, ad-free listening, early access to live show tickets, bonus episodes, book discounts, our exclusive newsletter, and access to our members' chatroom on Discord! Head to empirepoduk.com to sign up. You can get started with a 3-month trial for only £5 at https://historytoday.com/empire For more Goalhanger Podcasts, head to www.goalhanger.com.  Email: empire@goalhanger.com Instagram: @empirepoduk  Blue Sky: @empirepoduk  X: @empirepoduk Assistant Producer: Becki Hills Producer: Anouska Lewis Senior Producer: Callum Hill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In Hour 2 of the Marc Cox Morning Show, Marc talks improving weather, weekend yard work, and a quirky take on robot rights and rising minimum wages — plus speculation on the potential reopening of Alcatraz. Nichole Murray joins with business updates, Disney earnings, a measles case linked to the St. Louis Aquarium, and growing airport parking costs. The show wraps with “In Other News,” featuring a Krispy Kreme donut giveaway, a coliseum mishap, an Amazon boycott, and an odd NFL lawsuit.

Q: Dear Dr. E, I have often wondered about the meaning of Jesus' parable in Luke 16:1-8, the shrewd manager. Can you explain? Summary In this conversation, Dr. E and Hanna discuss the parable of the shrewd manager from Luke 16, exploring its context, the actions of the characters, and the lessons it imparts about shrewdness and stewardship. Dr. E emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural background of the parable and how it relates to other biblical stories, particularly in the context of Jesus' teachings on wealth and morality. Takeaways: Context is crucial for understanding biblical parables. Jesus used parables to challenge societal norms and expectations. The master in the parable represents a figure of mercy and generosity. The parable encourages believers to leverage worldly resources for good. Understanding the cultural context enhances interpretation of scripture. Jesus' teachings often subvert traditional views of righteousness. The parable of the shrewd manager ties into broader themes of grace and redemption. Links Mentioned: Kenneth Bailey on parables Poet & Peasant and Through Peasant Eyes by Kenneth Bailey Jacob and the Prodigal by Kenneth Bailey The Good Shepherd by Kenneth Bailey "Reading Luke," Charles Talbert Find more episodes of Ask Dr. E here. If you've got a question for Dr. Easley, call or text us your question at 615-281-9694 or email at question@michaelincontext.com.

Watching VP Vance say chinese peasants should of been a wake up call to all Americans, Minorities, and humans of all races alike! The non reply or response is a tell tell sign of how far back we have come in the world as Americanshttps://youtu.be/H5xHE9y7Zfw

It was just last week when the Trump administration hit pause on its Liberation Day tariffs — except when it came to China. Not only were they excluded from the pause, they got slapped with additional hikes, escalating what had already started to look like an all-out trade war. Then came Saturday morning's Customs and Border Patrol announcement, which seemed to undercut all of that: nearly 60% of Chinese exports, including smartphones, laptops, and semiconductors, were apparently exempt from the new tariffs.So, what happened? Did the White House backtrack? Was this a walk-back in disguise? The administration scrambled to clarify. Their explanation: those goods are being set aside into their own “buckets” — alongside other key industries like cars and steel — for future, tougher action. These aren't exemptions, they insist, just part of a long-term plan. The reason for the sudden PR push? According to Axios' Mark Caputo, Trump simply doesn't like the words “exemption” or “exception.” He felt too many were granted in his first term and didn't want the headline suggesting he'd lost his edge.But let's be honest: This is hair-splitting. Whether you call them buckets or carveouts, the reality is a significant chunk of Chinese goods aren't being hit right now, and the market knows it. The real question is whether the administration is buying time, recalibrating, or trying to thread the needle between tough-on-China optics and economic stability.Saber Rattling, Delistings, and Peasant TalkIn the meantime, tensions are ramping up. The U.S. is now considering delisting nearly 300 Chinese companies from American stock exchanges — a move that's part economic pressure, part political theater. The legal foundation? The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which requires financial transparency from foreign firms. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Senator Rick Scott are reportedly behind the push, with Trump expected to lean on executive orders to expedite the process if necessary.Naturally, China isn't taking this lightly. In response, they've begun blocking deliveries of Boeing jets, and the rhetoric has turned acidic. China's Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office issued a statement saying, in part, “Let those peasants in the United States wail in front of five thousand years of Chinese civilization.” That's not diplomatic posturing — that's a full-throated nationalist flare-up, made more surreal by the fact that JD Vance himself had recently referred to Chinese laborers as “peasants” on Fox News.And through all of this, both sides are playing the “we're open to talks, but we won't be the first to call” game. It's juvenile, it's geopolitical theater, and it's exactly the kind of posture that leaves markets — and companies — dangling.What Happens Next?Here's where I land: I don't think we're going back to “normal” with China anytime soon. The issues the U.S. wants addressed — IP theft, forced joint ventures, restricted market access — aren't things China's going to give up easily, if at all. So yes, the tariffs might eventually get reshuffled or reduced. But the era of posturing, of economic nationalism, of strategic decoupling? That's here to stay.The polling shows Americans are broadly in favor of being tougher on China — until, of course, it hits them in the wallet. That's where this whole thing could flip. For now, though, the administration seems fine dragging this out. Tariffs, carveouts, buckets, delistings — it's all part of the same dance. And we're still in the first few steps.At least that's this peasant's opinion.Chapters00:00 - Intro02:14 - US-China Trade War Continues11:45 - Update13:13 - AOC Fundraising Record15:15 - Andrew Cuomo NYC Race17:22 - Brian Kemp's Senate Potential22:22 - Interview with Tom Merritt49:59 - Wrap-up This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.politicspoliticspolitics.com/subscribe

Anastasia Ganias-Gellin was a thriving actress, appearing in iconic shows like Dexter, True Blood, Desperate Housewives and more. But when her father fell ill, Anastasia left Hollywood behind to return to New York to care for him and intentionally build her family. During that time - and after her father passed - Anastasia turned to cooking, her Greek-American family’s love language, to heal. That personal connection to cooking turned into more than a hobby when Anastasia decided to launch Fancy Peasant, the household pantry staple you can now find in stores like Erewhon. In this episode, Anastasia opens up about the grief of losing her father, learning to embrace her heritage with open arms, and the nuts and bolts of the business. Be sure to subscribe, leave us a rating, and share with your friends if you liked this episode! She Pivots was created by host Emily Tisch Sussman to highlight women, their stories, and how their pivot became their success. To learn more about Anastasia, follow us on Instagram @ShePivotsThePodcast or visit shepivotsthepodcast.com. Support the show: https://www.shepivotsthepodcast.com/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Peasant Soldier: More Than Just a FarmerThe average Anglo-Saxon peasant soldier was not a full time warrior but a member of the Fyrd—a militia of free men called upon in times of war. This system allowed the king or local lords to summon able-bodied men from the countryside to bolster the ranks of professional warriors, known as thegns and housecarls. Though not career fighters, these men were not entirely unfamiliar with combat.The Fyrd was composed primarily of ceorls—free peasants who owed military service to their local lord or king. Each ceorl was required to provide his own weapons and equipment, meaning the quality of arms and armor varied significantly. Some wealthier peasants might have chainmail, but most went into battle with little more than a sturdy tunic, a wooden shield, and a spear.Weaponry: Fighting with What They HadUnlike the well-equipped housecarls, peasant soldiers in the Fyrd carried weapons they could afford or were provided by their lords. The typical armaments included:Spears – The most common weapon, cheap to produce and easy to use. It allowed a peasant to keep enemies at a distance and was vital in shield-wall formations.Seaxes (short swords or long knives) – These were sidearms, useful in close combat when formations broke apart.Wooden shields – Often round, reinforced with a metal boss at the center. A critical piece of equipment, both for protection and for forming the defensive shield wall.Axes and agricultural tools – Some wielded heavier axes, while others repurposed farming tools like sickles or pitchforks in desperate times.Projectile weapons – Though longbows were not yet prominent in England, slings and throwing axes were sometimes used, though these were not the primary weapons of the Fyrd.The Shield Wall: A Peasant's Best DefenseOne of the most important formations in Anglo-Saxon warfare was the shield wall. The peasant soldiers of the Fyrd were crucial in its formation, standing shoulder to shoulder with shields locked tightly together to create an almost impenetrable barrier. Behind this wall, spearmen could thrust forward, making it difficult for enemy forces to break through.

Guest: Lyndal Roper is Regius Professor of History at the University of Oxford.  She is the author of several books including, Martin Luther: Renegade and Prophet; Witch Craze, and her latest, Summer of Fire and Blood: The German Peasants' War. The post The German Peasant's War appeared first on KPFA.

In this episode, Caleb is joined by Craig Blomberg (PhD, University of Aberdeen) professor emeritus of New Testament at Denver Seminary to discuss the nature and meaning of Jesus's parables, and how to interpret and apply them to our lives today.ResourcesInterpreting the Parables by Craig BlombergPoet and Peasant and Through Peasant Eyes: A Literary-Cultural Approach to the Parables in Luke by Kenneth BaileyStories with Intent: A Comprehensive Guide to the Parables of Jesus by Klyne SnodgrassSurprised by the Parables: Growing in Grace through the Stories of Jesus by Michelle Lee Barnewall

Peasant, Horse, and Socks lead us to pissants, working in the lord's manor, hansom cabs, sleeping in socks, and more.New episodes every Tuesday.Editing by: Julia WD HarrisonTheme by: Arne Parrott Logo by: Casey BordenYou can email the show at twapod@gmail.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

During this episode we are joined by Peasant Cube expert Chris Moore, aka Sammich as we discuss the intricacies of Peasant Cube design. Tune in as we chat on what Sammich has learned post being featured at multiple Cube Cons and UberCubeathon 2024 and how the cube has evolved based on player feedback. In addition, we discuss methods that you can apply to your cube designs and what strategies the Team offers to enhancing your cube experiences. Thanks for listening, sharing, subscribing, 5-star reviews, and as always happy cubing! Sammich's Peasant CubeUberCubeathon 2025 tix are live! Join us on April 26th for a full day of cube at The Gathering Place in Chapel Hill, NC to win mostly glory, cash, and prizes! See you there happy cubing! DM me for details.Sign Up for UberCubeathon 2025 64 players, cube all day!Location of UberCubeathon 2025The Gathering Place Games.To get the latest updates on UberCubeathon 2025 join the Uber Cube Discord:Uber Cube is now a TCG affiliate partner. If you wish to support the show, please consider using this link to purchase any of the cards discussed on today's show. Thank you for your support and as always happy cubing! Uber Cube TCG  Player Afflilate LinkAnthony's CubesMay's CubesShow NotesUber Cube is now on YouTube!Find us at Twitter @UberCubeMTGPodFind us on Bluesky @ubercubemtgpodcast.bsky.socialEmail Uber Cube : ubercubemtgpodcast@gmail.comTCG Player AffiliateConsider using the TCG Player Link to shop and support Uber Cube. Happy Cubing!Inked Gaming AffiliateUber Cube is now a Inked Gaming affliate. Support the show and find awesome supplies, playmats, etc.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the show

Most of us have a hard time admitting that the days of our youth are now history, and I'll admit a certain ambivalence on the question myself, but History is my job, and so I have to face up to the task of chronicling and interpreting the experience of what I have named, borrowing a label from Larry McMurtry, the Last Picture Show Generation on the Great Plains of North America.

PREVIEW: Colleague Ivana Stradner of FDD tells a Russian joke about a peasant to illustrate Putin. More later. 1945 Moscow

#RUSSIA: PUTIN IS THE PEASANT WHO ASKS TO KILL HIS NEIGHBOR'S COW, IVANA STRADNER FDD 1852

This week Moshe and Natasha are back to get into the *tender* moments they shared right after Natasha almost died (get your flu shot!). They also help an adorable couple determine the best ways to (lovingly) roast each other and another caller gets advice on how to be a good big brother (and if that involves doing molly with your little sis ter). Finally, we get an UPDATE on the love match from the LIVE SHOW dating game! Submit your deepest secrets to the Endless Honeymoon Secrets Hotline: (213) 222-8608 and ask Natasha and Moshe for relationship advice: endlesshoneymoonpod@gmail.com. Come to our next dinner party, get merch discounts, mystery boxes, etc.: https://www.patreon.com/endlesshoneymoon SPONSORS: http://bollandbranch.com/honeymoonSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode Martin Nathan and Tabitha Potts interview Lead Curator Dr Eleanor Jackson and Julian Harrison, about the British Library's latest blockbuster exhibition, Medieval Women: In Their Own Words, where visitors will discover how the voices of medieval women still resonate across the centuries and speak powerfully to our world today.We discuss famous historical figures such as Joan of Arc and Julian of Norwich as well as discovering forgotten women such as the the rebel Margaret Starr who joined in the Peasant's Revolt, Maria Moriana, a woman who argued that slavery was illegal in order to prevent herself being sold, and the mediaeval Welsh poet Gwerful Mechain who wrote a poem praising the vagina. Medieval Women: In Their Own Words runs at the British Library from 25 October 2024 – 2 March 2025. The exhibition is supported by Joanna and Graham Barker and Unwin Charitable Trust. Reading: Hafsa bint al-Hajj, translated by Yasmine Seale.Music: Early Music New York, Frederick Renz, Director, which comes from "Music for Medieval Love; Early Music New York, Frederick Renz, Director; exCathedra Records, USA." This episode was produced by Tabitha PottsTabitha Potts is a short story writer and novelist, recognised with an Honourable Mention in the Alpine Fellowship Writing Prize. Her debut novel will be published by Rowan Prose Publishing in 2026.

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NFL Week 18 picks from Trev & Gino from Bet Openly. FREE Picks for 7 Days with Code: MATTY https://linktw.in/wierlZ 00:00 - Intro 5:51 - Peasant of the Week 12:33 - Buy Low / Sell High 14:03 - Browns at Ravens 19:35 ‐ Panthers at Falcons 21:49 - Texans at Titans 24:48 - Bills at Patriots 26:55 - Giants at Eagles 28:24 - Commanders at Cowboys 32:21 - Saints at Buccaneers 34:14 ‐ Bears at Packers 35:44 - Seahawks at Rams 38:23 - Chiefs at Broncos 40:09 - Chargers at Raiders 41:12 - 49ers at Cardinals 41:37 ‐ Vikings at Lions 54:52 - Trevor's Props 58:41 - End of Show

In 1426, if but for a short while, Cyprus had two kings. King Janus of Cyprus and the ill-fated "Peasant King," Alexis, crowned by the people. The Peasant Revolt is a little known event in Cyprus' history but it is believed to have been triggered by the Mamluk invasion, the capture of King Janus and the sack of Nicosia. After the Muslim withdrawal, peasants revolted proclaiming the peasant Alexis as king. In short time, the rebellion was put down and Alexis was executed. Where was this rooted? How did it unfold? Join me with Dr. Chrysovalantis Kyriacou as we discuss the 1426 Peasant Revolt!

NFL Week 17 picks from Trev & Gino from Bet Openly. FREE Picks for 7 Days with Code: MATTY https://linktw.in/wierlZ 0:38 - Intro 2:29 - Peasant of the Week 3:44 - Buy Low / Sell High 4:38 - Agree or Nah 13:45 - Chiefs at Steelers 18:30 - Ravens at Texans 24:38 - Seahawks at Bears 29:37 - Chargers at Patriots  32:38 - Broncos at Bengals 38:45 ‐ Cardinals at Rams 41:07 - Raiders at Saints 42:00 - Cowboys at Eagles 45:48 - Colts at Giants 47:27 - Panthers at Buccaneers 49:47 ‐ Jets at Bills 51:55 - Titans at Jaguars 52:07 - Dolphins at Browns 53:34 - Packers at Vikings 57:51 - Falcons at Commanders 59:52 ‐ Lions at 49ers  1:07:30 - Trevor's Props 1:11:50 - End of Show --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mattybetss/support

Live from Knuck if You Buckingham Palace presenting awards for Men's and Women's Wrestler of the Year, Match of the Year, Kendrick Lamar Hater of the Year, Kevin Nash "Keep A Check" Trophy, Crash Out of the Year, Peasant of the Year + more.

There's stuff in the sky! Run! Hide! Shoot at it! Or say it's aliens. Or that it's government-run fake aliens? Or call for war with Iran because passenger jets have blinking lights? The important thing is that you, as a freeborn American, have options. Join us.Support the show

Léa and Ferdinand are two of the twenty-two members of Buzuruna Juzuruna, a 2 ha seed farm and school farm in Lebanon. In this episode, Léa and Ferdinand define the terms “peasant seeds” and “balady seeds” and the challenges of finding local seeds in Lebanon. They also discuss the role of international seed banks in preserving seeds and the importance of reclaiming these seeds and bringing them back to where they originated. Ferdinand describes the seed house at Buzuruna Juzuruna and how they control temperature and humidity. Léa explains how the seeds and crops they grow are distributed. In the deep dive, we talk about growing cucumbers for seed and how you shouldn't assume every cucumber is a cucumber. Léa and Ferdinand also discuss how they work with ancient wheat varieties. Free, Crop Planning for Seed Farmers minicourse: www.spreadsheet.farm/seedcropplan Follow Dan on Instagram, get his newsletter, & follow Tourne-Sol Cooperative Farm ORDER Dan's new book, The Seed Farmer, from notillgrowers.com to further support our work! Folks who support The Seed Farmer Podcast The goal of the Culinary Breeding Network is to improve communication between plant breeders, seed growers, farmers, chefs, produce buyers and others to improve quality in vegetables, fruits and grains. Learn more and check out upcoming events! Are you a farmer looking for educational resources in Canada? Check out Young Agrarians! They are a farmer-to-farmer educational resource network for new and young ecological, organic, and regenerative farmers. This February, join thousands of farmers like you from across the U.S. for three days of community building and farmer-led learning at the 36th annual Marbleseed Organic Farming Conference in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Truelove Seeds is a farm-based seed company offering culturally important and open pollinated vegetable, herb, and flower seeds. Check out their podcast, Seeds & Their People, wherever you're listening to The Seed Farmer Podcast!

With Donald Trump set to take office in January, many wine industry folks are wondering what tariffs the president-elect might impose and how they could affect the industry. This time around, we have the benefit of experience—Trump's first term—to guide our thinking. Is it all doom and gloom, or is there any hope on the horizon? We enlisted three experts to share their opinions: Bertrand Leulliette, a leading Burgundy expert and the founder and president of importer Bertrand's Wines; Michael Laudenslager, the General Manager and Wine Director of New York City Italian restaurant Peasant; and Miguel de Leon, the wine director of New York City's Pinch Chinese. Is there a guest you want us to interview? A topic you want us to cover? We want to hear from you! Email us at podcast@wineenthusiast.net. Remember to rate and review us on Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever you listen to podcasts. Go to WineEnthusiast.com for the latest beverage industry coverage and all the tools you need to bring your love of wine to life. And wait, there's more! Get over 70% OFF the original cover price by subscribing to Wine Enthusiast magazine today!    FOLLOW US: TikTok: @wineenthusiast Instagram: @wineenthusiast Facebook: @WineEnthusiast X: @WineEnthusiast

NFL Week 14 picks from MattyBetss and Gino from Bet Openly. FREE Picks for 7 Days with Code: MATTY https://linktw.in/wierlZ NFL Game breakdowns, and our signature segments like "Peasant of the Week" and "Sharp or Square."

#georgia #folktale In the first story, a snake helps a man, but the man hurts it. Can they become friends again? and in the second story, one brother hogs all the bread and leaves his brother to starve. Luckily, he finds an old mill and is rewarded, much like the Armenian story of only a few episodes ago. Source: Georgian Folk Tales by Marjory Scott Wardrop Narrator: Dustin Steichmann Music: Adjaruli. Radio Ar Daidardo Live Sound Effects: Rio Stava in Pampeago by GirlWithSoundRecorder -- https://freesound.org/s/766569/ -- License: Creative Commons 0 Picture Credit: "Sunlit Snake" by Furryscaly is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. Video by Headliner Podcast Shoutout: Extraordinary Rap Listener Shoutout: Margate, England

#IITALY: For voters escaping POTUS-ELECT, a village in Sardinia. Lorenzo Fiori, Milan. 1880 Peasant in Sardinia (1880s), by Giovanni Battista Quadrone

Today, this is what's important: The election, jeopardy, working out, vaccines, Halloween, NBA team owners, billionaires, Nebraska, the hunt, pizza, & more. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Last time we spoke about the Central Plains War. Chiang Kai-Shek faced a formidable anti-Chiang coalition led by Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, and Li Zongren. Zhang Xueliang, initially absent, worked tirelessly from Mukden to prevent Northern warlords from joining the coalition. The conflict, exacerbated by severe famine in Shaanxi that fueled unrest, saw major battles as Chiang's forces clashed with the anti-Chiang fronts across multiple railways. Despite initial setbacks, Chiang's strategic maneuvers and alliances, including a pivotal deal with Zhang Xueliang, gradually turned the tide. The Young Marshal's entry into the fray and the subsequent defections from Feng Yuxiang's camp weakened the anti-Chiang forces. By October, the anti-Chiang leaders, overwhelmed and isolated, sought peace. The Central Plains War, a grueling seven-month struggle, ended with the anti-Chiang factions disbanding, leaving China's civil war landscape dramatically altered. Within the vacuum, the CCP was thriving, but now the Generalissimo could direct his full attention on the Red Menace.   #125 From the Jinggangshan Mountains to the Jiangxi Soviet Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The last time we were talking about the CCP, they had performed the Nanchang uprising, Autumn Harvest Uprisings and the Guangzhou uprising. These all did not go very well and literally saw the surviving CCP forces fleeing for their lives into the mountains. Their experiences during these uprisings reinforced the idea they required a strong military force to push forward a new agrarian-based communist revolution. To develop such conditions favoring a revolution, Mao Zedong and Zhu De adapted the Red Army and CCP policies to the local conditions in order to recruit, sustain and retain loyal troops and build a relationship between the army, local populaces and party.  After the collapse of the Harvest Autumn Uprisings, the Red Army scattered into the rural parts of China. Mao Zedong himself narrowly escaped capture by the NRA, as he made his way to Sanwan of Jiangxi province. Countless were killed, arrested or deserted. Less than 1000 Red soldiers remained from the original uprising force. Moral was law, there lacked direction, there existed conflicting loyalties and many blamed Mao Zedong for the failings. In order to counteract this, Mao Zedong held a conference on September 29th of 1927 whereupon he implemented a series of radial policies to stave off an implosion. He began streamlining the command structure, instituted political representatives within each unit to instill revolutionary spirit within the troops. A political cell was established in each squad, a branch at company levels and a party committee at the battalion and regiment level. Next he established troop soviets within the units to provide a form of democratic centralism within the units. Additional he began spinning the narrative in his own favor, shifting blame for the failed uprisings to the collective poor understanding of the revolutionary course within China, rather than upon her leadership. Now initially a large part of the Red Army wanted to return to their hometown of Anyuan, but the local military presence was too strong there. Another option was needed and quickly as they had many sick and wounded amongst their ranks. They looked to the nearby Jinggang Mountain Area as a temporary fix. Many of Mao Zdong's former Peasant Movement Training students knew the area well. Jinggangshan meaning “well ridge mountain”, derived its name from the 5 villages around its main city of Ciping: Big Well, Middle Well, Little Well, Upper Well, and Lower Well. The mountain is situated in the Luoxian range, straddling the border between Jiangxi and Hunan. It also happens to be a place where 4 counties converge: Lingxian, Suichuan, Ninggang and Yongxin. Surrounding it were factional and political enemies, thus preventing most provincial forces from really coordinating efforts or massing against them. The terrain provided ample defensive obstacles. It also stood in the midpoint between Changsha, Nanchang and Guangdong, offering the Red Army flexibility to try and finish the uprisings they started in those locations. Given the weak state the Red Army was in, it would not be feasible to occupy Jinggangshan by force. Jinggangshan was controlled by two bandit leaders named Yuan Weicai and Wang Zuo. Mao Zedong was forced to negotiate with the two to come to an arrangement. The CCP was of course concerned about the trustworthiness of the two bandit leaders. At an early meeting in Gucheng, some CCP members of the front committee doubted the revolutionary character of Yuan and Wang, believing them to only be bandits at heart. Mao Zedong on the other hand argued the two leaders and their loyal followers were crucial to the communist movement. I would argue Mao Zedong was grasping at straws.  As for Yuan and Wang, their primary concerns were the impact of a new military force affecting the regional balance of power. In essence the mountain areas outside the major cities had a complex power dynamic. Bandits and local elites maintained the status quo, any change to that power dynamic could lead to problems. There was also an ethnicity issue. Jinggangshan was considered something of a Hakka ancestral land, and the Han settlers amongst them were more like guests. There always remained a Hakka-Han tension, and this prompted Hakka to vet any Hans coming in. Mao first convinced Yuan how a partnership would be mutually beneficial. In exchange for food, housing and local support the Red Army would provide weapons, training and support Yuan and Wang's operations. Mao presented Yuan with a gift of 100 rifles to sweeten him over. Mao then made a similar gesture to Wang, sending him 70 rifles. The two bandit leaders let the Red Army right in. Upon arriving, the Red Army began conducting guerilla operations and peasant mobilization. On October 7th, 1927 the began activity in Maoping and moved to Ciping. While marching they passed through Lingixan and Shuikou villages, attacking the local elites and their militias, freeing prisoners in jails and holding mass rallies to recruit. On the 22nd they reached Dafen, where they were ambushed by a local militia. Using their knowledge of the terrain the militia inflicted severe casualties, forcing the Red Army to retreat towards Wang Zuo for aid. Wang Zuo was wary of them, but Mao Zedong won him over by promising more weapons and training for his bandits. Mao also pledged to support him against his local rivals, one of whom was Xiao Jiabi. Wang's bandits and the Reds joined forces in Dajing and together seized Shimen. Then the Reds arrived in Ciping on October 15th. They quickly seized the city center and within a month's time established a base of operations. The CCP quickly expanded its influence in the surrounding area, preying upon local populations where government control was weak or in flux. By mid November the Red Army dispatched a battalion west to capture Chaling. This success allowed them to further expand into Suichang in January of 1928. In February the Red Army occupied its first major city, Xincheng in Ningang country. Within two months of action the Reds had nearly doubled their territory now occupying portions of 3 counties. For the most part Mao Zedong was left alone because of the political shakeup after the failed uprisings in the larger metropolitan areas. Contact with the provincial and regional CCP community still existed though. Zhou Lu, a member of the southern Hunan special committee heard about the CCP expansion in the mountain areas and came to inspect them. While at Jinggangshan he gave Mao Zedong orders to dispatch his unit to support Zhu De's forces in a uprising about to hit southern Hunan. After the failed Nanchang Uprising, Zhu De took the remnants of his forces and fled into southern Jiangxi and then Fujian where he linked up with a fellow Yunnanese NRA leader, Fan Shisheng. They stayed with Fan Sisheng's unit awhile, but once rumors spread he was harboring Reds they had to go. By January of 1928 they fled for southern Hunan to try and support urban uprisings. Upon arriving, Zhu De's force began augmenting the local peasantry forces and Zhou Lu said he would get Mao Zedong to lend his support. However the uprising never really got its legs. It began in late January, but the urban workers and local populace couldn't rise as expected. Instead local support turned against the communists. Likewise Mao Zedong's men never made it to southern Hunan, he had intentionally dragged his feet on the issue. Instead Mao Zedong focused his attention in central Hunan holding rallies and mobilizing local peasant groups. Thus Zhu De was pounced upon by local warlord groups in Guangdong and Hunan. Zhu De's Red Army engaged the warlord armies as they slowly retreated into Jinggangshan. Zhu De and Mao Zedong would meet in Maoping for a conference. On May 20th, 1928 they agreed to establish the Jinggangshan Special Committee, with Mao Zedong as its general secretary. Additionally the 4th Red Army was created and nicknamed the Ironsides Army. The 4th Red Army was roughly 12,000 men strong consisting of Zhu De's Nanchang uprising force, now designated the 28th regiment, Mao Zedongs Autumn Uprising force now designated the 31st regiment, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo's bandits, later designated the 32nd regiment and the Hunan uprising force now designed the 29th regiment. Zhu De's arrival also brought in a traditional military mindset, adding some more professionalism to the Red Army. Here Zhu De also made a famous quote “When the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy halts and encamps, we harass them; when the enemy seeks to avoid battle, we attack; and when the enemy retreats, we pursue”. This statement would guide much of the Red Army's actions going forward. The increase in communist numbers brought unwanted attention immediately from Jiangxi and Hunan forces. The first major military campaign against the Reds began in May of 1928 and was led by Zhu Peide wielding Jiangxi provincial military units. The campaign was based out of Yongxin with the Jiangxi government unleashing the 27th division. One regiment garrisoned at Yongxin was held as reserve while the division sent another regiment to attack the Red Army stronghold in Nanchang and another regiment flanked to the east. The Reds countered by stationing a regiment in the mountains to protect the base, another regiment to defend the mountain passes and 2 regiments to conduct spoiling attacks on the Jiangxi regiments flank. The Red Army was able to destroy the flanking unit, forcing them to retreat back to Yongxin. They pursued them to Yongxin, destroying its garrison regiment in the process. The Red Army then maneuvered to the rear of the Jiangxi division pushing them to pull back to Ji'an. Thus the Reds occupied Yongxin where they went to work establishing a worker-peasant government, expanding the Soviet across the county.  A second encirclement campaign was unleashed in late MAy, with the same Jiangxi 27th division leading the action. This time they were reinforced as they quickly recaptured Yongxin and began cautiously pursuing the Reds into the mountains. The Reds tried to exploit the terrain for guerilla warfare but was met with little success. The Red 28th regiment was soon forced to help distressed red forces at Chaling county. However the Jiangxi Division did not account for the Red Army's mobility. The Red 31st regiment quickly assumed the 28th regiments former defensive positions offering a stiff fight against the Jiangxi forces. When the 28th regiment returned to reinforce the 31st they hit the enemy's rear and advanced upon Yongxin again while the Jiangxi forces pulled back to Ji'an again.  Another encirclement campaign was unleashed the following June this time seeing Jiangxi and Hunanese forces work together against the Reds. The Jiangxi 9th division was deployed in combination with the remaining 2 regiment of the 27th Jiangxi division. The Jiangxi forces performed a frontal attack through the mountain passes using 3 regiments. Meanwhile the Red Army had to perform a feint attack in the east to occupy a Hunanese division. The Red Army deployed a battalion augmented by local guerilla groups along the western flank of the mountain passes. Guerilla attacks on the eastern flank of the Jiangxi forces caused the commander to maintain 2 regiments at Yongxin. Exploiting the mountain terrain the Red Army managed to destroy one regiment as they funneled up the passes. This small victory brought much needed arms and new soldiers who quickly recaptured Yongxin for a third time.  By the end of June, the Jinggangshan base had basically hit its apex in terms of size. They now controlled Ninggang, Yongxin, Lianhua counties and parts of Ji'an and Anfu. At this point Chiang Kai-Shek took notice of the Red gains and directed a new campaign against them. Another series of campaigns were unleashed seeing Hunanese and Jiangxi armies attack the 4th Red Army beginning in July 1928. The Hunan 8th Army began their attack from the west through Ninggang while the Jianxi army unleashed 11 regiments from the 3rd and 6th armies through Yongxin against the eastern border of Jinggangshan. To meet this threat the Reds kept 2 regiments to defend the bases while the 28th and 29th regiments advanced west to slip behind the Hunanese forces to conduct raids against their rear. Meanwhile local Red Army militia forces began a scorched earth strategy removing all food, poisoning water sources and evacuating villagers to deny their enemy. The Hunan 8th army was forced to retreat in the face of this, allowing the Reds to focus on the Jiangxi forces around Yongxin. The 28th and 29th regiments advanced west to support the attack against the Jiangxi forces, but then suddenly turned south towards southern Hunan, citing orders to assist the Southern Hunan Special Committee. Then these 2 regiments attacked the city of Chenzhou, roughly 200 kms away from the Jinggangshan mountains. There they defeated local forces. Afterwards the Red troops began strolling through the streets of Chenzhou as civilians, many of them had families in the area. Some began looting the area. They had made the egregious error of now pursuing their enemy further and gave them too much respite to reorganize themselves. The local forces counterattacked driving the 28th regiment to withdraw with little casualties. The 29th regiment fared much worse, being ambushed trying to retreat over the only bridge leading in Chengzhou. They suffered heavy casualties and many of their surviving forces simply joined the 28th regiment as a result. Meanwhile with the 2 regiments gone from the mountain, the NRA forces were emboldened. 3 Hunanese regiment joined 11 Jiangxi regiments to attack the Jinggangshan mountains. The remaining Reds employed every tactic they knew to survive. They began giving up terrain as the enemy penetrated closer to the mountain base. The 31st and 32nd regiments found themselves retreating to the protection of higher ground, where the established defensive positions along key routes to maximize casualties upon the invaders. Mao Zedong took a battalion from the 3st regiment south to escort the incoming 28th regiment, further weakening the lines. Meanwhile guerillas raided the flanks and rear of the advancing NRA forces heading up the mountain. After repeated failed attempts to get to the peaks of the mountains,the Jiangxi and Hunanese forces ultimately had to withdraw come September allowing the 28th regiment to safely get back to Jinggangshan. From there the Red Army contuined to fight and recapture lost territory. By October they retook Ninggang county and portions of Suichuang, Lixing and Yongxin, but were unable to reclaim everything they once had.  Another campaign coincided with an economic blockade and the arrival of General Peng Dehaui's 5th Army. The Jiangxi and Hunanese forces adopted blockade tactics, normally employed against bandits, to try and deprive the Reds from using markets in the lowlands. Starting in the fall of 1928, NRA and local militias established checkpoints along all routes and trails leading into the Jinggangshan mountains. Local private armies with troops familiar with the area conducted interdiction patrols to capture anyone trying to get past blockades. The blockade halted most local trade, meaning little medicine, clothing, food or salt was getting into Janggangshan. The Reds began subsisting on sweet potatoes and pumpkins, then Peng Dehuais 5th army arrived in December worsening the burden on the area. Simulteanously NRA forces from Fujian were added to the Jiangxi and Hunanese to fully surround the mountains in preparation for a offensive.  In the face of all of this the 4th Red Army's leadership convened a conference at Bailu. The attendees all were trying to figure out how to overcome the situation but their options were very limited. Many called for the same tactics that had been winning them the battles as before. Some called for withdrawing to a safer area momentarily and launch a counterattack when the enemy lightened up. The economic blockade exacerbated the civilian military relations in the mountains and it seemed the local populace was no longer willing to help the Reds. The last option many advocated for was to mount a defense of the mountain range, but this would not allow for any withdrawal route for the 6000 or so troops. Ultimately the adoptd a hybrid solution. The 4th army would break through the blockade to try and draw forces away from the mountains while also obtaining supplies. The 5th army who were pretty battered from their march would defend mountains and base. On January 14th of 1929 the 4th army led by Zhu De and Mao Zedong broke through the blockade and headed south into Jiangxi.  The 4th army at first was only meeting light resistance as they captured Suichuan and Shangyu. After this they headed for Dayu, but there found 3 Jiangxi regiments who ambushed them. The Reds were forced north into the Xingguo-Ji'an area. They marched 30 days, often 30 miles per day to avoid their pursuers, while taking casualties and losing equipment. They found themselves at Dabaidi village on February 10th where 2 regiments of the 15th NRA division fought them. The Reds routed the NRA forces and even captured the two regimental commanders alongside 800 soldiers and their equipment. This victory earned the 4th army a safe place to rest up for quite some time. As we saw in the former episodes, the Chiang-Gui and Central Plains War engulfed Chiang Kai-Sheks attention, giving the Reds some breathing space. During this period, Mao Zedong and Zhu De expanded that is referred to as the Jiangxi Soviet. They did so through a series of campaigns into western Fujian. In February 1929 the 4th army incorporated 2 independent guerilla regiments and used them to occupy Ji'an, Ningdu and Ruijin. In March they entered western Fujian and captured Tingzhou. At Tingzhou the Reds got 3000 NRA soldiers to defect. From Tingzhou they expanded the Jiangxi Soviet to encompass over 20 counties in Jiangxi and Fujian. In light of their major accomplishments, Mao Zedong dispatched word to the Central Committee proclaiming all they had done in Jiangxi and Fujian. In May the Red Army unleashed a second campaign into western Fujian, this time capturing Longyan and Yongding. With every successful campaign the Red Army recruits more soldiers, obtained more equipment, more territory and acquired further fundings sources.  The early days of the Jiangxi Soviet were quite chaotic. Despite the Red Army's expansion, in reality they were not a unified force. Numerous factions with their own ideologies existed. The Red Army was an amalgamation of different groups coming together less so of a common goal, more so out of survival. Many of the soldiers were former peasants, but there were also former NRA troops, warlord troops and bandits. The traditions of these different groups, coupled with a lack of education in the rural areas creating a boiling pot of bad behaviors and this hurt morale. To accommodate this the Red Army made itself extremely flexible in the early days. In the early days it was only about survival. Mao Zedong and Zhu De recognized the fact, in a conventional battle the Red Army stood no chance against even a Warlord Army, let alone the NRA. Thus the 4th army created a new political-military strategy within the rural areas to protect and grow the revolution. The first part of the strategy adopted by Mao Zedong was making alliances. It was a no brainer, increase numbers, gain more legitimacy, learn more about local areas, keep expanding. Yet the Central Committee frowned upon being too open to alliance, like with lets say, bandits? In 1928 a resolution from the CCP 6th Party Congress called for expelling bandits from the Red Army, but this obviously ran counter to everything going on in Jinggangshan. To remedy this, Mao Zedong simply did not comply and vetoed any plans made against the bandit leaders such as Yuan and Wang. The second strategy was adapting communist policies to local conditions. Contrary to the CCP guidance of attacking landlords and rich peasants, the Red Army tended to just attack those disliked by the local community. They often would avoid attacking popular landlords or rich peasants because it could endanger local support. Instead they would use propaganda and negotiations to win over such popular figures. Yet over time the strategies changed from survival to expansion. Mao Zedong described the CCP expansion to come in a series of waves. He believed a systematic development of rural Soviets was an effective way to encircle cities and create the conditions necessary for revolution.  To survive and expand the Red Army had to create a new way to fight their superior enemies. A famous slogan “the enemy advances, we retreat”, became doctrine quickly. The Red Army combined mobile warfare, guerilla warfare and propaganda against their rival the KMT. During the Jingangshan and Jiangxi Soviet period, guerilla warfare was the mainstay. It's purpose was not to gain victory, but to gain time, so the CCP could continue growing. The Red Army in Jinggangshan and Jiangxi focused on small-unit tactics, emphasizing scouting, patrolling, ambushing, mobility and so on. Most guerilla units were local militia units trained by Red Army officers, many of whom were also political leaders. They always sought to meet the enemy via ambush, during a raid, a feint attack or attacks to the rear and flank. Yet the Red Army did often find itself facing those like the NRA in conventional warfare. For these engagements it tended to be done only by the professional Red Army units. A major issue facing the Reds was logistics. They were guests in most of the areas they occupied and had to abide by the local customs. They also could not consume all the local resources in an area, it would hinder growth and foster resentment. Thus the Red Army had to make sure they gained as much as possible from battle. The capture of Tingzhou in 1929 was essentially an economic choice. There the Red Army captured 2 arsenals and a clothing factory. The Red Army also focused strongly on propaganda. Early on propaganda teams were created, each assigned 5 soldiers. These teams had one oratory section and one product section. The oratory section was responsible for spreading propaganda in village markets, centers and halls. The products section was responsible for creating propaganda products. They would go around towns placing up signs and banners to increase awareness. Typically in a month the propaganda teams would hold a large mass rally in the center part of town to vie for local support. They would try to tailor their messaging to meet the local needs. These efforts would help recruitment, elicit support and differentiate them from the run of the mill bandits. If the conditions became ripe and a local populace was sufficiently agitated by social inequalities, the Red Army leaders would make a call for action to topple the local government and push the people to create their own. The Red Army was very careful on who to replace in such situations as the local leadership typically proved useful at transitioning. The Red Army had a selective way of executing key leaders who would be the most troublesome towards their communist needs.  When a new local government sprung up, the CCP would entice everyone to join the Red Army. This saw people join different parts of the Red Army. For teenagers there was the communist youth organization which was basically a feeder unit into the Red Army. The Red Guard was a local militia group that protected the community and supplemented the Red Army when needed. Those who proved themselves capable could join the Red Army proper. The Red Army instituted a series of organizational changes to establish loyalty to the CCP and allow for a dispersion of forces. Initially the Red Army applied the Russian Soviet and NRA models, but changes were necessary to meet local conditions. When the 4th Red Army captured Sanwan, Mao Zedong established party rule over the army by using party representatives and soldier soviets. The party representatives and army leaders held equal footing, allowing for both to have greater oversight into the issues and concerns of the other. It was commonplace in Warlord armies and the NRA for soldiers to be abused. This quasi democratization allowed soldiers to have a greater voice. On June 22nd of 1929 the 4th Red Army held their 7th representative congress in Longyan. Mao Zedong spoke much of party control over the military, ruffling a lot of feathers and would contribute to his failure at becoming the Front Committee secretary General that year. In the wake of that loss, Mao Zedong departed for Fujian to assist the mass mobilization going on over there whence he became quite ill. During that period, Chen Yi representing the 4th Red Army in Shanghai reported to the Central Committee. Based on his reports they authorized political communist control over the Red Army units. At least vindicated that his ideas were accepted, Mao Zedong attended the 9th Representative Congress in Gutian county of Fujian. Here he would issue a famous statement “On the Rectification of Incorrect Ideas in the Party” . It outlined his views on the Red Army and what needed to be improved. That same conference gave a platform to Mao Zedong and Zhu De to push for further centralization of power within the Red Army. The Red Army had suffered numerous casualties, desertions and received numerous new recruits. Because of this Mao Zedong believed the military structure needed change. There was also the issue of factionalism within the Red Army. Mao Zedong believed more educated and centralized control would help maintain the unity of the armed forces.  In December of 1929 a conference was held in Gutian seeing more initiatives adopted to help consolidate military power under party control. The Red Army adopted the political commissariat system from the Soviet Red Army, placing greater control of the army into the hands of the political commissar. The political commissar had political training, but did not have the same power over political operations. The introduction of former KMT and NRA members into the Red Army increased a need for more political indoctrination. Alongside this the Gutian Conference reiterated the equality amongst soldiers and civilians. Mao Zedong and Zhu De understood the important role of military training for the Red Army. Two major groups of soldiers already had formal training, former NRA and graduates of the Peasant movement training institute. Many of these men were lost in the initial battles however leading the Red Army to be filled with peasants with little to any combat experience. Another issue was the Red Guards lacking any experience, requiring Red Officers to be pulled from front lines to help them out. By developing a competent and trained local force, this further allowed the Red Army to advance outside its borders and expand.  With a lack of discipline a lot of property damage became common. To combat this, Mao Zedong initially instituted three disciplines in 1927 (1) obey orders in all your actions; (2) don't take anything from the workers and peasants; and (3) when attacking the local bullies, turn over whatever you take from them. This was expanded further into 8 by 1930 (1) Put back the doors [you have taken down for bed boards]; (2) put back the straw [you have used for bedding]; (3) pay fairly for what you buy; (4) return everything you borrow; and (5) pay for anything you damage. Mao and Zhu later added two more points of attention: (7) defecate only in latrines, and (8) do not steal from captives. The purpose of such rules was two-fold, to curb reckless soldierly behavior and to not piss off local communities.  Yet discipline alone does not guarantee success in war. The 4th Army held many senior leaders who had trained at Baoding, Whampoa and the Yunnan military schools. But at the lower levels the military experience was quite uneven. The Red Army needed to create a universal standard. Mao Zedong established the first training unit, the 31st regiment training units in December of 1927 at the Longjiang academy in the Jingangshan mountains. Zhu De and Chen Yi would create similar units. Once in Jiangxi the Red Army established mobile schools that accompanied the forces to the front lines. The pressure from the KMT led encirclement campaigns made it impossible to implement a normal education system. While schools were important, for many soldiers the only way to learn was from doing. Sometimes conditions did not allow for the training, and the students were thrust into combat immediately. Mao stated “to learn warfare through warfare—this is our chief method.” However many of the new recruits and junior leaders never received formal education and found classes and training boring. To retain interest, practical exercises were used. By the beginning of 1930, the 4th Red Army had expanded from Jinggangshan to Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian. Additionally 7 other Soviets were established in the interior of China, demonstrating the viability of the CCP model. For a large part it was the efforts of Mao Zedong and Zhu De that allowed the CCP to thrive. However major issues loomed externally and internally. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Mao Zedong had forged a seed in the Jinggangshan mountains the would grow into the base of a new 4th Red Army. Forming alliances with local groups and adopting new innovative strategies to survive allowed the 4th Red Army to expand and with it Mao Zedong's career. Yet externally and internally enemies lay everywhere.   

(Host: Kristin) Hundreds of years before Dante took us on a tour through the afterlife, there was Thurkill, an English peasant from the 13th century, who described his journey into hell and the edge of paradise. What was it like and what can we learn from his story? Come on a vision quest with Kristin, in this episode of Footnoting History!    For further reading suggestions and more, please visit: https://www.footnotinghistory.com

Richard II lacked all the qualities a medieval monarch needed, bar one: birthright. Born believing he was God's representative on Earth, the narcissistic tyrant seems to have done everything wrong. But did Richard just not understand what it meant to be king? In the first episode of this three-part HistoryExtra podcast series 'Tyrant, Usurper, Hero', Dan Jones and Helen Castor chart Richard's eccentricities and the trials of his reign – from the monarch's obsessive addiction to good hygiene to his involvement in the Peasant's Revolt and eventual downfall. (Ad) Helen Castor is the author of The Eagle and the Hart: The Tragedy of Richard II and Henry IV (Penguin, 2024). Buy it now from Waterstones: https://go.skimresources.com?id=71026X1535947&xcust=historyextra-social-histboty&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fbook%2Fthe-eagle-and-the-hart%2Fhelen-castor%2F9780241419328. (Ad) Dan Jones is the author of Henry V: The Astonishing Rise of England's Greatest Warrior King (Bloomsbury, 2024). Buy it now from Waterstones: https://go.skimresources.com?id=71026X1535947&xcust=historyextra-social-histboty&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fbook%2Fhenry-v%2Fdan-jones%2F9781804541937. The HistoryExtra podcast is produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Anytime you have an entire nation mesmerized by the antics of the political ruling class that they are oblivious to all else, a government that operates in the shadows, speaks in a language of force, and rules by fiat, you'd better beware. Most Americans are inevitably getting used to being thrown into the peasant class and they don't seem to care that this is a conspiracy to weaken the country morally and financially. As the Bible states, it will be time to be as wise as serpents, and innocent as doves. Beware of government agents with self-serving agendas and be wise with your money and financial safety net. Tonight on Ground Zero (7-10 pm, pacific time), Clyde Lewis talks with financial analyst, Alan Johnson about PEASANT DREAMS – BE WISE AS SERPENTS AND INNOCENT AS DOVES. Listen Live: https://groundzero.radio Archived Shows: https://aftermath.media

This week's Columbo guest star Dabney Coleman spawns a discussion of fine dining and celebrity-inspired dishes at Dan Tana's in LA. Erin takes us through the lawsuit between Australia-based company Giggle (created by TERF Sall Grover) and trans woman Roxanne Tickle who was manually kicked off the app. Bryan tells us how Robby Starbucks now has his sights on Jack Daniel's DEI initiatives. For this week's bonus Columbo Recap visit www.patreon.com/attitudes Join us on Discord for episode discussions and Wednesday Night Watch Parties! https://discord.gg/gK2eZHCSM7See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.