Podcasts about surnames

Welcome to four letter word season! We're kicking off with one of the most versatile words: it can be a noun, verb, punctuation, expostulation, full sentence on its own; it can be an intensifier, an insult and a compliment... and a Category A swear, which is why I've had to sanitise it for the title lest your pod app takes exception. And, of course, content note: this episode contains many category A swears, plus some sexual references. Lexicographer and editor Jesse Sheidlower joins to talk about making four editions (so far) of The F Word, a history and dictionary of the multivalent F word. Find his work at jessesword.com. Find out more about the episode and read the transcript at theallusionist.org/ffff (that's four Fs). Next up in Four Letter Word season: we revisit an even stronger swear. The Allusionist live show Souvenirs is happening in Toronto on 1 June and Montréal 9 June! Get tickets via theallusionist.org/events. To help fund this independent podcast, take yourself to theallusionist.org/donate and become a member of the Allusioverse. You get regular livestreams with me reading from my ever-expanding collection of reference books, inside scoops into the making of this show, and watchalong parties. And best of all, you get to bask in the company of your fellow Allusionauts in our delightful Discord community. This episode was produced by me, Helen Zaltzman, on the unceded ancestral and traditional territory of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish), and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations, with music composed by Martin Austwick of palebirdmusic.com. Find @allusionistshow on Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and Bluesky. Our ad partner is Multitude. If you want me to talk about your product or thing on the show, sponsor an episode: contact Multitude at multitude.productions/ads. This episode is sponsored by: • Squarespace, your one-stop shop for building and running your online forever home. Go to squarespace.com/allusionist for a free 2-week trial, and get 10 percent off your first purchase of a website or domain with the code allusionist.• Audio Maverick, a 9-part documentary podcast from CUNY TV about radio maven Himan Brown. Hear about the dawn of radio and Brown's remarkable career, via archive footage and new interviews with audio mavericks, by subscribing to Audio Maverick in your podcast app.• Home Chef, meal kits that fit your needs. For a limited time, Home Chef is offering Allusionist listeners eighteen free meals, plus free shipping on your first box, and free dessert for life, at HomeChef.com/allusionist.• Quince, luxurious clothing and homewares at prices 50-80% lower than comparable brands. Go to Quince.com/allusionist for free shipping on your order and 365-day returns.Support the show: http://patreon.com/allusionistSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We're used to the idea of American or Australian tourists coming here to trace their lineage, but do we really know where our own line comes from, and how far back can you trace an Irish name?The television series Sloinne, which airs at 8.30 on TG4 on Sunday night follows seven guest hosts as they attempt to answer these questions.Bríd Seoighe is the Series Producer of Sloinne, and joins Seán to discuss.Image: TG4

The history and back stories to common and unusual surnames in Maine—and how people learn about their family histories

The history and back stories to common and unusual surnames in Maine—and how people learn about their family histories

About 30pctof people in de facto marriages in Japan have not filed for marriage registration because they or their partners do not want to change their surnames, a survey by a private group has shown.

Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAURsT8pIRGXBVT__Rh_OmA/join Support us on Patreon for BONUS episodes each month & other perks: https://www.patreon.com/thesavegpodcast In this weeks episode we tried to take a break from the doom and gloom that has clouded what can only be called as the "Trump Era" and switched it up to everyone's favourite- Am I The A$$hole? AITA because I didn't put my stepfather as my childs emergency contact? AITA for accidentally exposing my friends height? AITA for insisting that our child takes my surname? AITA for not giving my ex her dog back after I said I would? AITA for not letting my bf use my phone charger? AITA for paying for my girlfriends gas and billing her for it later? Hope you all enjoyed the episode and catch you next week! BOOK CANADIAN ROCKIES TRIP WITH US (August 2025): https://trovatrip.com/trip/north-america/canada/canada-with-rose-lee-aug-17-2025

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This show originally aired on Wednesday, 23 April 2025. Catch The Flash Drive with Carl Wastie, weekdays 3 - 7pm only on Kfm 94.5!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

COFFEE MOANING the PODCAST ON APPLE PODCASTS: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/coffee-moaning/id1689250679ON SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/3p6z4A1RbhidO0pnOGGZl2?si=IqwD7REzTwWdwsbn2gzWCg&nd=1HOW TO STAY MARRIED (SO FAR) the PODCASTON SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/57MT4cv2c3i06ryQlIpUXc?si=1b5ed24f40c54ebaON APPLE PODCASTS: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/how-to-stay-married-so-far/id1294257563 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Today Clairsy & Lisa spoke to Barra about another thrashing for West Coast, but good news for The Dockers with their win over The Bulldogs, they also had a chat about Rory Lobb's lobster haircut and with an NRL double header in town this weekend, Barra asked the question of whether or not we're going to get a new NRL team here in Perth. Golfer Ryan McCormick caught Lisa's attention over the weekend when he put tape over his mouth to stop him from swearing and she had something to say about it. Clairsy once again opened his Tragic Music Box to the year 1989 when Rick & Sue were celebrating their 4th year together reading 7News. A new list of the most popular baby names has been released and some old classics have fallen off the list, Lisa has the list and talked about it with Clairsy. Clairsy has discovered a new app which tells you where all the public toilets are. Clairsy & Lisa opened the phones to ask, when have you been stopped from doing something. In The Shaw Report, the reason Woody Harrelson turned down a role in The White Lotus plus a pop star auditions for the show and misses out. Lisa will tell you who it is.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On 1st April 1992, ten court summonses for crimes including multiple murder, abduction, prevention of a proper and lawful burial and kidnap were served on a 43 year old prisoner serving life at HMP Peterhead in Aberdeenshire - a prisoner serving life for the abduction and sexual assault of a six year old girl in July 1990.His name? Robert Black. Continuing with The Lost Girls multi episode tale then this time around on The True Crime Enthusiast Podcast, was the individual heading to trial for these, Robert Black, indeed the man responsible for the deaths of Susan Maxwell, Caroline Hogg and Sarah Harper - and almost Theresa Thornhill? But - what was Black's story? Well, I'll tell you within. The episode contains details and descriptions of crimes and events, including disturbing descriptions of a sexual nature and involving children, that some listeners may find extremely disturbing or distressing, so discretion is advised whilst listening in. Music used in this episode: "The Descent" by Kevin Macleod. All music used is sourced from https://filmmusic.io/ and used under an Attribution Licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Grandma's House - Haunt MeFastball - Out Of My HeadThe True Crime Enthusiast's Fundraiser For Macmillan Cancer SupportReferences - produced upon request and in full upon arc's end.Follow/Contact/Support The True Crime Enthusiast PodcastFacebookFacebook Discussion GroupTwitterInstagramYoutubeWebsiteTTCE MerchandisePatreon Page Remembering all of the Lost Girls. The episode is dedicated to them. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Where's Your Head At, Anna is catching us up on all things pregnancy and is even giving us her first hint at her babies name! They also get a hotline asking who should be taking who's last name in marriage & discuss if the tradition of the wife taking the husbands last name is still relevant in 2025. Enjoy!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

More information about Brain Lenses at brainlenses.com.Paid BL supporters receive an additional episode of the show each week.Read the written version of this episode: This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit brainlenses.substack.com/subscribe

What is the company culture when addressing each other at the office? Do you use surnames? Nicknames? Or do your work for someone that insists that you call them by a particular name? Well... HR Sheldon is here to save the day! and tell us if this is allowed in a work place or not See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Judgement has been reserved in the constitutional challenge by two married couples where the husbands wish to assume the surnames of their wives. The applicants had successfully challenged the legislation in the Free State High Court after the male spouses could not change their surnames after marriage. One husband sought to take his wife's surname, while the other sought to hyphenate his surname to include the wiVes surname, but the system didn't allow for a man to assume the surname of his wife. Sakina Kamwendo spoke to SABC reporter, Canny Maphanga

25 years ago, the majority of children born in Victoria carried surnames like Smith, Nguyen, Williams, Jones, or Brown. However, according to the 2024 data from Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria, Singh now tops the list of most common surnames, with Kaur coming in at third. Other South Asian names like Patel, Sharma, Ali, Gill, and Sandhu have also entered the top 20. How did this shift happen? Find out in this explainer. - 25 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਮਾਰੀਏ ਤਾਂ ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ ਦੇ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਬੱਚੇ ਸਮਿਥ, ਨਿਊਯਨ (Nguyen), ਵਿਲਿਅਮਸ, ਜੋਨਸ ਜਾਂ ਬ੍ਰਾਊਨ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਸਨ। ਪਰ, 2024 ਦੇ ਬਰਥਸ, ਡੈਥਸ ਅਤੇ ਮੈਰਿਜਜ਼ ਵਿਕਟੋਰੀਆ (Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria) ਦੇ ਅੰਕੜਿਆਂ ਮੁਤਾਬਿਕ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਉਪਨਾਮਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਿੰਘ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਕੌਰ ਤੀਜੇ ਸਥਾਨ ‘ਤੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਬਦਲਾਅ ਕਿਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਆਇਆ, ਜਾਣੋ ਇਸ ਐਕਸਪਲੈਨਰ ਵਿੱਚ...

On The BIG Show today, we ask you if you've ever considered changing your surname! Connect with us on Instagram: @kiss92fm @Glennn @angeliqueteo Producers: @shalinisusan97 @snailgirl2000See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sporcle For:

We got a voice note from Craig and it got heated in the studio “Hi guys, Craig here. I am getting married at the end of the month and my fiancé doesn't want to take my surname. This really wouldn’t have been a problem, but she is keeping her ex-husbands surname! [Sigh!]”See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Japan's Liberal Democratic Party is likely to face difficult discussions over the possible introduction of a selective dual surname system for married couples, as the topic has proven divisive for the party with many conservative lawmakers.

The guys discuss Quebec's distinctive approach to surnames, the etymology of mnemonics, and the impenetrability of American football, as they tackle another taxing crossword (which, unlike the Super Bowl, comes down to nail-biting finale). Can they overcome their Kansas City Chiefs-esque deficit in the overall scores?Play along:https://www.theguardian.com/crosswords/quick/17087Follow us:https://x.com/twoacrossPod/Contact us:twoacrosspod@gmail.com

In this episode, Pastor Dilip expounds on Abraham's journey with God. Part 4 of the sermon series titled 'Word Became Flesh', preached at Sunday Service on 26 January 2025 at Revelation Church.

Pippa speaks to Managing Director of Schoeman Law Inc, Nicolene Schoeman-Louw about surname changes after marriage, especially when husbands are seeking to take their wives’ surnames. Also Martin Slabbert-Capper who was not able to change his name to take his wife's surname after getting married. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Introductions are a great way to start studying Chinese. You can't become friends with someone until you know their name. In today's Mandarin lesson, learn how to introduce yourself. Episode link: https://www.chinesepod.com/1181

Haiti has been ravaged by political instability and gang violence since the assassination of the country's president in 2021 – and this year it's spiralled with armed gangs in control of much of the capital Port-au-Prince. Alongside the violence is an escalating humanitarian crisis, which is severely impacting women and children with widespread hunger and malnutrition. Kylie Pentalow finds out more from the BBC's senior investigations correspondent Nawal Al-Maghafi.In the Netherlands, the 31st December 2024 marks the deadline for people to register if they want their child to have a double-barrelled surname. Children in the Netherlands automatically took their father's name, but in 1998 the law changed to allow them to take their mother's name instead - but only with the consent of the father. A group of women who believe this is discriminatory are challenging the law. Kylie speaks to Linde Bryk, head of strategic court cases at women's rights organisation Bureau Clara Wichmann, and Maartje Passchier who has been affected by the law change. The science teacher turned actor, writer and comedian Shazia Mirza has been taking part in a landmark year for Muslim women in comedy – performing in a touring show called Comedy Queens, where the lineup is entirely female and Muslim. She's also been reflecting on her earlier years, growing up in a strict religious family in Birmingham, as she is writing a memoir. She joins Kylie to discuss her life before standup.On Christmas Day we had a programme devoted to the seasonal theme of Comfort - what it is, why we crave it, and the myriad of ways we can find it. Co-presenters Nuala McGovern and Anita Rani also discussed the flip side - importance of getting outside your comfort zone - with guests including organisational psychologist Fiona Murden and the food critic Grace Dent   BBC News is releasing a new episode of Imposter Syndrome today on iplayer with guest Sir Richard Branson. Therapist Julia Bueno joins Kylie to discuss the ways that imposter syndrome or self-criticism affects so many of us. In 2022 Julia published ‘Everyone's A Critic' based on conversations with her patients and she shares ways to cope when imposter syndrome starts to hold you back. The artist Celia Pym works with textiles to create her pieces. Her latest exhibition: Socks: The Art of Care and Repair looks at sustainability in fashion and the importance of mending. Presented by Kylie Pentalow Producer: Louise Corley

The Daily Quiz - Art and Literature Today's Questions: Question 1: What surname did the writer, born Adeline Virginia Stephen, publish her novels under? Question 2: In which book series does the character 'Edmund Pevensie' appear? Question 3: Which author wrote 'The Children of Húrin'? Question 4: Which artist painted "Impression, Sunrise" Question 5: Which school of painting focused on transitory visual impressions with an emphasis on the changing effects of light and color? Question 6: Which author wrote 'The Voyage of the Dawn Treader'? Question 7: Which author wrote 'The Trial'? Question 8: Which great Renaissance figure had the surname Buonarroti? This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Addressing teachers as “sir” or “ma'am” and calling them by their surname is “Victorian” and it does not fit a modern education system. So, says Newstalk's Own Simon Tierney in today's Irish Independent who spoke to Ciara this morning.

MY EX PARTNER WONT LET ME CHANGE OUR CHILDS SURNAME TO MY NEW HUSBANDS NAME! In Part 1 of this episode, we gassed to be joined by one if Nigeria's biggest actors  @OfficialOsas  as she gives us a breakdown of her acting career and how she found relocating back home to Nigeria. She also helps us advise a viewer who has a difficult dilemma around wanting to change her daughters surname. As always, please comment below with your thoughts and don't forget to Like, Share And Subscribe

Where do our family names come from?

rWotD Episode 2758: Hammer (surname) Welcome to Random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia’s vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Thursday, 21 November 2024 is Hammer (surname).Hammer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:A. J. Hammer (born 1966), American television and radio personalityAngela Hutchinson Hammer (1870–1952), American newspaper publisherAnna M. Hammer (1840–1910), American philanthropist and temperance movement leaderAnthony Hammer, Australian actorArmand Hammer (1898–1990), U. S. physician, entrepreneur, oil magnate and art collectorArmie Hammer (born 1986), American actorBarbara Hammer (1939–2019), American film makerBeatrice Hammer (born 1963), French writerBernhard Hammer (1822–1907), Swiss presidentBob Hammer (1930–2021), American jazz pianist, composer and arrangerCaroline Hammer (1832–1915), Danish photographerCec Hammer (1926–2013), Australian rules footballerCharles Christian Hammer (1952–2004), American classical guitaristChristina Hammer (born 1990), German boxerChuck Hammer, American guitarist and composerDoc Hammer (born 1967), American voice actor, musician, writer and artistEdward E. Hammer (1931–2012), American engineer who was at the forefront of fluorescent lighting researchEllen Hammer (1921–2001), American historianEmanuel Frederick Hammer (1926–2005), American psychologist and authorEmerson Hammer (1856–1940), American politicianErnst Hammer (1884–1957), highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War IIErnest E. L. Hammer (1884–1970), American lawyer, politician, and judgeFred Hammer (1930–2020), Luxembourgian sprinterFrederic E. Hammer (1909–1980), New York politician and judgeFriedrich Julius Hammer (1810–1862), German poetHeathcote Hammer (1905–1961), Australian World War II generalJ. D. Hammer (born 1994), American baseball playerJan Hammer (born 1948), Czech-American musician, composer, and record producerJay Hammer (born 1944), American actorJohn Hammer (born 1935), founder of sporting competitions for older playersJon Ludvig Hammer (born 1990), Norwegian chess playerJørgen Hammer (born 1991), Norwegian association football playerJoshua Hammer (born 1957), American journalistJulie Hammer (born 1955), Royal Australian Air Force air vice marshalKim Hammer (born 1958), member of the Arkansas House of RepresentativesKristian Hammer (born 1976), Norwegian Nordic combined skierLance Hammer, American independent filmmakerLisa Hammer (born 1967), American filmmaker, actress, composer and singerMarion P. Hammer, American gun rights activist, president of the National Rifle AssociationMichael Hammer (disambiguation), multiple peopleMichael Armand Hammer (1955–2022), American philanthropist and businessmanMichael Martin Hammer (1948–2008), engineer and authorMike Hammer (diplomat) (born 1963), in the U. S. State DepartmentMoshe Hammer (born 1946), Canadian violinistPaul Hammer (1900–1978), Luxembourgian sprinter and long jumperPeter Ladislaw Hammer (1936–2006), Romanian-born American mathematicianReuven Hammer (1933–2019), Conservative Jewish rabbi, scholar, author and lecturerSarah Hammer (born 1983), American professional racing cyclist and two-time Olympic silver medalistSimon Christian Hammer (1866–1932), Norwegian writer and journalistVictor Hammer (1882–1967), Austrian-born American painter, sculptor, printer and typographerWill Hammer, pseudonym of William Hinds (1887–1957), co-founder of Hammer Film ProductionsWilliam C. Hammer (1865–1930), U. S. Representative from North CarolinaWilliam H. Hammer, founder Hammer & Co., South Australian photographersWilliam Joseph Hammer (1858–1934), American electrical engineer and aviator; president of the Edison PioneersZevulun Hammer (1936–1998), Israeli politicianThis recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:18 UTC on Thursday, 21 November 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Hammer (surname) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Ivy.

Welcome to Takeaway Trivia your weekly pub quiz in a podcast. Four rounds of bar trivia in the comfort of your own home. No queuing for a your beer, no sticky tables and no one heckling the answers. Play the quiz however you like. Get your family together and play like a true quiz night or entertain yourself while you're on an epic road trip to Peru. This week's rounds: 2m 04s General Knowledge 5m 40s Wipeout 10m 20s 54321 15m 30s Final Fling Contact TAT Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.facebook.com/takeawaytrivia⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Threads: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@barwars⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Ko-Fi: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://ko-fi.com/takeawaytrivia⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ We make every effort to check that the trivia presented in each episode is correct and up to date at the time of publishing however, the contents of this podcast are presented for entertainment purposes only. Takeaway Trivia cannot be held responsible for any errors. Please get in touch if you think we've got it wrong to win the ultimate pedant's prize - a shout out in the Correction Section! Takeaway Trivia is available wherever you download podcasts including Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music and Audible. It's also available on Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@takeawaytrivia⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ New episode every Monday! #pubquiz #podcast #trivia #quiz #generalknowledge #questions #bartrivia #answers #Paddington Music: "There It Is" by Kevin MacLeod Link: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4519-there-it-is⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ "Carpe Diem" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 "Easy Lemon" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 "Life of Riley" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 "Midnight Tale" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 "Big Mojo" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/⁠⁠

The Daily Quiz - Art and Literature Today's Questions: Question 1: What surname did the writer, born Adeline Virginia Stephen, publish her novels under? Question 2: In "The Canterbury Tales", at which tavern do the story tellers assemble? Question 3: Which book contains the character 'Newland Archer'? Question 4: Which artist painted "The Sleepers" Question 5: Which author wrote 'The Magician's Nephew'? Question 6: Which author wrote 'Metro 2033'? Question 7: Which author wrote 'Candide'? Question 8: Which piece of written work starts with the line '“We should start back,” Gared urged as the woods began to grow dark around them.'? This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

John Maytham and  discuss the recent Bloemfontein court ruling that allows men to take their wives' surnames and highlight its significance as a challenge to traditional gender roles and importance for promoting equality in marriage. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On the very final day of Ireland's Smartest Surname, Roy, Robbie, and Gerald Keane decided to take on Ireland's Smartest Surname. Could they take down the Byrnes? Hit play now to hear the full episode.

20 surnames, 60 listeners and over 250 questions later, we have officially crowned Ireland's Smartest Surname. Subscribe to The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show wherever you get your podcasts.

For the month of September, Ian will be searching for Ireland's Smartest Surname and there is great excitement! Some of the Gift Grub characters decided to throw their hat in the ring to take part! Hit play now to hear the full episode.

Do you have Ireland's Smartest Surname? Tune in to find out who our current leaders are as well as an exciting round of Waffle and Adele news. Subscribe to The Ian Dempsey Breakfast Show now wherever you get your podcasts.

For the month of September, Ian will be searching for Ireland's Smartest Surname and there is great excitement! Some of the Gift Grub characters decided to throw their hat in the ring to take part! Hit play now to hear the full episode.

Relationship Reddit Stories, OP's fiance is insisting that she take his surname after talking to his Mom.

Send us a Text Message.Have you ever wondered how your last name might reveal fascinating details about your past? In this episode, we dive into the world of Italian surnames, exploring their origins and meanings, divided into four main categories. Discover how patronymics and matronymics, derived from the father's or mother's name, have deep roots in the Middle Ages. We analyze the differences between the "di" and "de" variants, with examples such as the famous singer Pino Daniele, and the role these surnames played in identifying people.We then move on to toponyms, those surnames that tell the geographical history of people. Imagine migrants of the past, identified by the name of their place of origin, such as "di Napoli" or "Sorrentino." We make an interesting comparison with common surnames in America such as Calabrese and Cosentino, highlighting the importance of geographical names in everyday life in the past. We also delve into the use of geographical names derived from local features, such as Fiume, and how these helped people identify themselves in an era without street names or house numbers.Hai mai pensato a come il tuo cognome potrebbe rivelare dettagli affascinanti sul tuo passato? In questa puntata, ci immergiamo nel mondo dei cognomi italiani, esplorando le loro origini e significati, suddivisi in quattro categorie principali. Scopri come i patronimici e matronimici, derivati dal nome del padre o della madre, abbiano radici profonde nel Medioevo. Analizziamo le differenze tra le varianti "di" e "de", con esempi come il celebre cantante Pino Daniele, e il ruolo che questi cognomi giocavano nell'identificazione delle persone.Passiamo poi ai toponimi, quei cognomi che raccontano la storia geografica delle persone. Immagina i migranti di un tempo, identificati attraverso il nome del loro luogo di origine, come "di Napoli" o "Sorrentino". Facciamo un interessante confronto con i cognomi comuni in America come Calabrese e Cosentino, mettendo in luce l'importanza dei nomi geografici nella vita quotidiana del passato. Approfondiamo anche l'uso di nomi geografici derivati da caratteristiche locali, come Fiume, e come questi elementi aiutassero le persone a identificarsi in un'epoca senza nomi di strade o numeri civici.Turnkey. The only thing you'll lift are your spirits.Farmers and NoblesRead about my research story and how to begin your family research.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the Show.Purchase my book "Farmers and Nobles" here or at Amazon.

Send us a Text Message.In part 1 Raffaele Fontanella explains the origins of surnames from the renaissance, how dialects impacted first names and surnames based on his book "Cognomi di Stabia". How the Romans used first names, surnames and nicknames. How the Germans named people and how that impacted Italian names. And an introduction to part 2 where he will explain the 4 naming conventions in Italy.Thanks to Rich DiPalma for providing translation. Note: this is in English and Italian for both audiences.Turn key. The only thing you'll lift are your spirits.Take away the stress of traveling to Italy. Phiítaly organizes AND guides you on the ground to unique, on and off the beaten path experiences. Most tours are 8 days and 7 nights just waiting for you to add your unique presence to your next adventure!Italian Marketplace LLCOnline tee shirts, hoodies and more for ItaliansFarmers and NoblesRead about my research story and how to begin your family research.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Support the Show.Purchase my book "Farmers and Nobles" here or at Amazon.

Through August, Charlie Higson brings you a summer treat. A series of short daily episodes of Willy Willy Harry Stee which allow you to hear the bits we had to cut from the original series. Interesting facts about all aspects of the monarchy.In today's episode, what's in a surname? Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We are finally starting to get into the Taika era and the Taika reforms, which would really start the transformation of Yamato into the bureaucratic state of the Nara period.  This episode, we look back at how the Yamato state had been changing up to this point, some of the possible influences and precursors, and then dive into some of the first edicts, largely dealing with sending out governors to the provinces.  These governors, or "kokushi", were originally temporary positions, limited in what they could do.  More info over at https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-108  Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 108: The Great Change ……………….. The Kuni no Miyatsuko, hereditary leader of his lands, likely heard the news before they arrived.  Apparently Yamato was sending out an official—a kokushi—who was going to be doing some sort of survey.  Whatever.  Just another person from Yamato's court—what did it matter?  His family had been in charge of the local lands for as long as anyone remembered, and while they might give nominal fealty to the Oho-kimi in Yamato, along with the occasional bit of taxes, paid in rice, what consequence was it to him?  Some might say he was a big fish in a small pond, but it was his pond.  Always had been, and always would be.  Wouldn't it? ……………….. And we are back with our regular chronological podcast, and we are finally going to pick back up on the fall out from the events of 645, the Isshi Incident, when Prince Naka no Oe orchestrated the murder of Soga no Iruka, and later his father, Soga no Emishi, in full view of the court, including his mother, Takara, aka Kougyoku Tennou.  That incident would be the start of Naka no Oe's own rise to power and the reshaping of Yamato from the its longstanding clan based system of government to a new national government of laws and punishments, known generally as the Ritsuryo system.  This episode we'll dive into this new system and the so-called “Taika reforms” that brought it about, the changes it ushered in, and the ripples this sent throughout the entire archipelago.     The term “Taika” itself means “Great Change”, and it isn't clear to me if it was picked because they expected to be making big changes or after the fact, but in the minds of most Japanese historians it is quite accurate. The entire system actually took about a century or so to really come together—we often think of the Ritsuryo system as it was in its final version.  This period, though, is where things kicked off, so we'll be setting the stage and talking about some of the edicts during this period that eventually became the written code of the Ritsuryo system.  This was started by Naka no Oe who, spoiler alert, would eventually reign as sovereign and be known as Tenchi Tennou.  The system he helps put into place would continue to be used and refined even after his death and even after the end of the period covered by the Nihon Shoki. So after some background, we'll get to some of the very first edicts this episode, and then spend more time on them again, in the future. The RitsuryoThe Ritsuryo system was based largely on continental models, with Confucian ideals and the legal code of the Tang dynasty having particular influence.  And as we discuss these changes, which were huge, I'll start with some clarifications and caveats.  This was a system of government based largely on continental models, with Confucian ideals and the legal code of the Tang dynasty having particular influence.  That   One of the first things to emphasize is that said, itthis wasn't exactly an immediate revolution and reformation.  Based on the entries in the Nihon Shoki, some of the work had already  been started long before Naka no Oe came on the scene, largely attributed to the influence of Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi, and things like the 17 article constitution and rank system, which we discussed back in episode 95.  And even after its initial implementation, there would come various tweaks to the system.  Although there are numerous edicts made in the initial years of what is known as the Taika era, leading this change to often be given the nickname of the “Taika reforms”, the earliest formal administrative codes would come much later, firming up in the 8th century. Another thing to keep in mind as we realize, as we start looking at these changes is that the Yamato courtit didn't necessarily discard the old system, either.  Changes like this take time, and something even if it is implemented for a year or two , it might not stick.  This is one of the reasons that it is important that two of the apparent architects of the new system for these changes were there present through much of its implementation, actively guiding and shaping the process direction that the changes would take.  These two individuals at wereas Prince Naka no Oe and Nakatomi no Kamako, later known in this reign as Kamatari, which is the name I'm going to use from here on out as it is the much more well known in case anyone decides to look up information later. Finally, I would also note that many of these changes were being applied at the level of the elites of society, how they organized power and how they approached governance – but  we should also spare a thought for how this affected the majority of people.  After all, it was the majority of people who were working the fields, cutting the wood, or fishing the seas.  The elites were often otherwise engaged, and whichthat isn't to say that they did nothing.  Often they were coordinating and bringing things together, but that was a smaller part of the overall population.  In these reforms we get to see some rare glimpses into how all of thisit may have affected people beyond just the court elites. To set this up, let's start with a look at what brought us here, and how things changed over time and how they had governed things up until now—or at least as best as we can make out from our various sources.  From there we can take a look at some of the earliest edicts related to the changes evolution in the government, focusing how they focused on consolidating the power and support at the center of the Yamato court and starteding to make more concrete Yamato's control across the rest of the archipelago. We've covered much of the development of complex society in Yamato this in previous episodes:  How Yayoi society came with or at least introduced a form of stratification evident in graves, grave goods, as well as other patterns of lifeways.  Local elites rose up to oversee communities, and eventually extended their influence, creating the various “kuni”, or countries—regional collections of communities that came together under a leadership structure and some shared cultural values.   Some of the earliest stories give us the Hiko-Hime leadership structure, often with a male and female head of state, though sometimes shown as elder and younger co-rulers.  This is backed up by some evidence in the kofun era, as we see large, single-purpose tomb mounds built for what we can only assume are the elite.  Their construction would have required control of a large labor force, indicating a certain amount of their power, and their shape and various burial goods have further suggested, at least to scholars like Kishimoto, that there may have been a division of rulership, at least early on. We've talked about the spread of Yamato style round keyhole shaped kofun through the archipelago and how the popularity of that kofun shape demonstrated Yamato's influence but  in the shape of their kofun, but that didn't necessarily accompany a change in  change the actual dynamics of local government, other than demonstrating Yamato's increased influence.  The next thing we see in the record, I would argue, is the change to a familial based system, or the Bemin-sei.  This is what we've talked about periodically in terms of both the uji, familial groups or clans, and the “be” familial or occupational groups, but here I'll give an overview of the whole practice and what its development means in the sense of changing approaches to organizing and governing a complex society. The Bemin system was a means of further dividing and categorizing people in society, .  It is  rooted in continental concepts of a familial group.  Prior to the 5th century, there isn't a clear indication of familial clans in Yamato, though that doesn't mean people didn't know where they were from.  They still remembered who their ancestors were, and that was important, often tracing back to mythical and legendary individuals who are recorded as gods, or kami.  I suspect, however, that in the smaller communities of the Yayoi period, where you were from was as a good an indicator of your relationships as anything else.  Farming is a pretty sedentary lifestyle, and if you know all of your neighbors there isn't as much need to divide each other up into specific familial groups.  It was more important that I'm from this village or region than I'm from this particular family. And so the oldest stories in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki only refer to individuals by their names or by locatives.  Occasionally we will be told that so-and-so was an ancestor of this or that uji, or clan, but it is telling that they don't use the clan name with that person. Surnames do become important, however, in the Bemin system.  But they are only really important for those in the upper tiers of society.  Amongst the farmers and other commoners—the heimin—you often won't find specific surnames, or people will use pure locatives or something similar to refer to a person.  Surnames were for people a little further up the social food chain. From what we can tell, the uji structure likely started with the “-Be” families, trying to set up groups of individuals who were in charge of certain economic activities beyond just farming the land.  The Imbe, the Mononobe, the Abe, the Kuratsukuribe, and the Kusakabe are all examples of family names ending in “-Be”.  Some, like Kuratsukuribe, Inukaibe, and Umakaibe are all fairly straightforward:  These are groups that were set up around particular industries.  Kuratsukuri literally means “saddle-making”, so the Kuratsukuri-be are the saddlemakers.  Inukai and Umakai refer to the ones who kept or raised the dogs and horses. Setting up a familial or clan unit around a certain profession was one way of organizing society so that you had the things that you needed.  Such jobs were often inherited, anyway, passing from father to son, mother to daughter, etc.  So it makes some sense.  And the clan, or uji, structure meant that there was a person or persons at the head of the familial unit who could be responsible for coordinating efforts across different, sometimes dispersed, groups of people. The thing is, there is no indication that the people in these professions were necessarily related to each other prior to this organization, and in many ways the idea that they were a family with a common ancestor was a created fiction.  There may have been some relationship—for instance, weaver groups were often centered on immigrant groups that came over from the continent with knowledge of specific techniques, so there was likely some pre-existing relationship, but they weren't necessarily what we would consider family, related by blood, to one another. Over time these groups became actual clans—children were born into them and remained, unless they specifically were split off into a different uji for some reason.  Some of them dropped the “-Be” part of their name—in some instances it seems this may have created a distinction between the line at the head of the clan vice the other members, but that distinction isn't entirely clear.  Furthermore, members of these clans were not, ultimately, restricted to the hereditary jobs for which the clan had been created.  There are also clans that appear to be more about location, possibly local rulers or magnates.  For example, there are the Munakata and the Miwa, referring to local chiefs or lords of the Munakata and Miwa areas, both important ritual areas. The clans formed another function as well, as each clan had a kabane, which was an early form of social rank.  Some of these ranks appear to have come from titles or positions.  So, for instance, you have the Omi, the Muraji, the Kimi, and the Atahe.  Early on, Muraji appears to be the more prestigious title, with the Ohomuraji being the head of a Muraji level house that was also a key member of the government.  Omi, meaning minister, eventually came to be seen as more prestigious, however.  Meanwhile, both were more presitiousprestigious than the term “Kimi”, although that may have originated as a term for the rulers of the local countries, which makes sense if you consider that the Yamato sovereign was the Oho-kimi, or the Great Kimi, much as the Oho-omi was in charge of an Omi group and the Ohomuraji was in charge of a Muraji level house.  There are also Omi and Muraji households for whom there is no Oho-omi or Oho-muraji ever mentioned, but only members of the Omi and Muraji ranked families were considered for positions at the top of the court hierarchy.  This All of this clan and rank system began to change in the 6th century during the reign of Toyomike Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tenno, with the introduction of the 17 article constitution and new rank system.  While both of these developments are of debatable veracity, since the chroniclers likely made this change seem much more structured than it actually was in practice, —there is probably at least something to the idea that the Yamato court y werewas adopting more continental ideas regarding state governance.  The rank system, in particular, was a step towards recognizing individuals above simply their inherited social position.  While kabane rank was applied to an entire uji, the new rank was applied to individuals alone, meaning that an individual could be recognized without necessarily rewarding every other person holding their same surname.  At the same time, more and more books were coming in from the continent.  Some of these were focused on the new Buddhist religion, but there were also other works, based on a variety of subjects and introducing the Yamato court to some of the philosophical ideas of what government should be.  And then there were various envoys sent to the Sui and Tang courts in the early 7th century, where they would have seen how things were working there. Nonetheless, to be clear, we don't know it is unclear just how far Yamato control extended across the archipelago.  We know that in the 5th century there were individuals who considered themselves part of the Yamato court structure from the Kantou to Kyuushuu.  In the Nihon Shoki, we also see the establishment of Miyake up and down the archipelago, from as far out as Kamitsukenu, aka Kozuke, to the western edge of Kyushu, in the early 6th century.  These were areas of rice-land which owed their output to the Yamato court or a particular endeavor.  They would have had officials there tied to the court to oversee the miyake, providing a local court presence, but how much this translated into direct Yamato control is hard to say. Then there is the Dazai , the Yamato outpost in Kyushu,  set up in the area of Tsukushi, modern Fukuoka Prefecture, largely following the Iwai Rebellion, and which we .  We talked about this some in the Gishiwajinden Tour episode about Ito and Na, extending a more directand how the Yamato government extended a more direct, and explicitly military, presence in Kyushu. Still, the individual lands of places like Hi, Toyo, Kibi, Owari, or Musashi were all governed by the Kuni no Miyatsuko, the Yamato court's term for the various chieftains or rulers of the different lands. And that gets us roughly to the situation where we are now, in 645.  Prince Naka no Oe hadand been talking with his good friend Nakatomi no Kamatari about how things should be, ever since the day that Kamatari had helped him out at a kemari game—something akin to group hackey-sack with a volleyball.  As we've discussed in past episodes, a lot of this sense of “how things should be” related to nipping the power of Soga no Iruka and Soga no Emishi in the bud, cutting off what they no doubt saw as a thread to imperial power and the ”right way of doing things”.  But Tthe two had also been taking lessons from the Priest Minabuchi, and, like students everywhere, they thought they had figured this whole government thing out as well.  They'd been reading the classics and would have had access to the reports from various envoys and ambassadors to the Tang court.  The last one had left in 630 and returned in 632.  They would no doubt have seen the workings of the Tang dynasty law code of 624 and the subsequent update in 627.  Naka no Oe and Kamatari may have even heard news of the update in 637. Thise law code, implemented by Tang Taizong, relied on Confucian and Legalist theory.  It wasn't the first law code in East Asia, or even the Yellow River basin , but it is one of the most significant and influential, and the earliest for which we have the actual code itself—though the extant version is from 653, about eight years after the events of 645., butHowever, as we'll see, all of this was well withing the timeframe which the Ritsuryo system was used and updated, itself. So, Naka no Oe and Kamatari have a shiny new document in their hands, promising an organized system of government very different from the status quo in Yamato to date.  However, the Tang law code did have a problem:  It was undeniably centered in the imperial culture of the Yellow River and Yangzi River basins.  These areas had long had the concept of empire, and even in the chaotic period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern dynasties, the concept of an empire that ruled “All Under Heaven”, or “Tianxia” was something that people generally accepted.  The Wa polities of the Japanese archipelago, even as they were now consuming media from the continent, still operated under their own cultural imaginaries of how the world was ordered and how government operated.  And so the code couldn't just be adopted wholesale:  It would have to be adapted to the needs and demands of the Wa polity. I should note that this was unlikely the reforms that took place in Yamato were sole effort of Naka no Oe and Kamatari, and much of what is written suggests that this wasn't done simply through autocratic fiat, but included some key politicking.  This started even before the Isshi Incident.  Kamatari already had close ties with Prince Karu before he met with Naka no Oe.  Kamatari and Naka no Oe had also brought Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro into their confidence, a member of the Soga family.  The Fujiwara family history, the Toushi Kaden, compiled by Fujiwara Nakamaro in the 8th century, describes Maro—referenced as Soga no Yamada—as a man of particular and upright character.  He also appears to have had a beef with his cousin , Soga no Iruka, and was ambitious. I'm not sure just how much Naka no Oe and Kamatari were sharing their plans about reforming the State at this point, or if they were simply concentrating efforts on bringing down—that is to say murdering—Soga no Iruka. The Toushi Kaden mentions that others were also brought around to at least the idea that something had to be done about Soga no Iruka, though nobody was quite willing to speak out for fear of Soga no Iruka and his father, Emishi, and what they could do to someone's reputation—or worse.  After all, Soga no Iruka had only   recently killed the Prince Yamashiro no Oe, reportedly as part of a plot to ensure Prince Furubito would be next elevated to the throne.  On the other hand, not much information seems to be given about the reforms until they are enacted. And so after the Isshi Incident, we see our murderous firebrands taking the reins of power.  As we noted back in episode 106, Prince Karu was encouraged to take the throne, while Prince Furubito no Ohoye retired from the world and took orders at a temple in Yoshino.  Naka no Oe had been offered the throne, we are told, but turned it down, as the optics on it would not have been great.  Not only because he was clearly responsible for the death of Soga no Iruka and his father, and thus his mother's abdication.  However, he could still be made Crown Prince, and keep right on going with his ambitions to change up the way things were done in the Yamato government. Although Naka no Oe and Kamatari get most of the credit, the work required the cooperation—or at least consent—of the newly made sovereign, Prince Karu, also known as Ame Yorozu Toyohi, later styled as Koutoku Tennou.  After all, it would be his edicts that would lay out the new system, and his name that would be attached to it.   One good example is a change that came immediately: Meanwhile, in place of Soga no Iruka as Oho-omi, Karu selected two individuals to take his place, dividing up the position of Oho-omi into ministers of the Left and Right.  The first was Abe no Omi no Uchimaro, as Minister of the Left, and then Soga no Kurayamada no Omi no Ishikawa no Maro, Naka no Oe's recently made father-in-law, was made the Minister of the Right.  These positions, later known as the Sadaijin and Udaijin, would continue to be two of the most powerful civil positions in the Ritsuryo and later Japanese governments.  The Minister of the Left, the Sadaijin, was often considered the senior of the two. By the way, “Daijin” is just a sinified reading applied to the characters used for “Oho-omi”, or great minister.  This means that the Minister of the Left, the Sadaijin, could just as easily be called the Oho-omi of the Left, or something similar.  This actually causes a bit of confusion, especially in translation, but just realize that this is effectively just a rebranding, and not entirely a new name.  What was new was this idea that they were broken into the Left and the Right a distinction that would mean a lot more once more of the bureaucratic offices and functionaries were properly defined. Who were these two new ministers? Abe no Uchimaro has popped up a few times in the narrative.  He was an experienced courtier.  The Abe family had been moving within the halls of power for some time, and had even stood up to the Soga family when Soga no Umako had tried to acquire their lands in Katsuraki, making an ancestral claim.  Uchimaro had also been involved in the discussions regarding Princes Tamura and Yamashiro no Oe after the death of Kashikya Hime, hosting one of the dinners during which the delicate issue of succession was discussed.  He was clearly a politician of the first order.  Of course, Soga no Kurayamada had clearly earned his position through his connections with the conspirators. , bBut what about Nakatomi no Kamatari?  Well, he wasn't exactly left out in the cold.  Nakatomi no Kamatari was made the Naijin, the Minister, or “Omi”, of the Middle or the Minister of the Interior, implying that he had some authority over the royal household itself.  This feels like a created position, possibly to allow him the freedom to help with the primary work of transforming the Yamato government. Although Naka no Oe and Kamatari get most of the credit, the work required the cooperation—or at least consent—of the newly made sovereign, Prince Karu, also known as Ame Yorozu Toyohi, later styled as Koutoku Tennou.  After all, it would be his edicts that would lay out the new system, and his name that would be attached to it. One of the first things that is recorded in the Nihon Shoki was the declaration of a nengo, or era name.  Up to this point, years in Yamato were remembered by the reign of the sovereign—typically based on their palace.  So you would see things like the second year of the reign of the sovereign of Shiki palace, or something like that.  In addition, at least since about the 6th century, if not earlier, years would eventually be given the appropriate sexagesimal year name, combing one of the ten stems and twelve branches.  For example, 2024, when this episode is coming out, is the year of the Wood Dragon, or Kinoe-tatsu.  This is still used for various Japanese traditionspractice still continues today in Japan for various reasons. The Nengo was something newly introduced to Japan, however: .  Aan era name would be chosen by the sovereign, often based on important changes that either had occurred or even as a wish for something new.  So you would we see a new nengo with the ascension of a new sovereign, but it couldan also come because of an auspicious omen or because of a terrible disaster and hope for something new.  The current nengo, which started with the reign of Emperor Naruhito a few years back, is “Reiwa”. This very first nengo, we are told, was “Taika”, meaning, as I said up front, “Great Change”.  It certainly was apropos to the work at hand.  So let's go through the Chronicles and see some of the “great changes” occurring at the Yamato court now that the intention had been made clear.  We already talked about the change from an single Oho-omi to ministers of the Left and Right, but there were many other Some of the first things were to set up various newly created officials and positions.  An example is , such as two doctors, or Hakase – doctors in the sense of learned experts, not medical doctors, although medicine was certainly revered.  One of these new Hakase was the Priest Min, presumably the same one who had brought back astronomical knowledge from the Sui dynasty, possibly the same as the one known as Sho'an.  The other was Takamuko no Fubito no Kuromaro, who had gone to the Sui Dynasty with Min and others and come back with knowledge of how things worked on the continent.  The Takamuko family had immigrant roots as descendants of the Ayabito, and Kuromaro was well traveled, returning from the Sui court by way of Silla.  These two were well positioned to help with the work at hand. Now that the rudiments of a cabinet were in place, Oone of the first problems set before things after setting up their cabinet, as it were, was to askthe their new Ministers of the Right and Left, as well as the various officials, the Daibu and the Tomo no Miyatsuko, was how tohey should  get people to acquiesce to forced, or corvee labor—the idea that for certain government projects villages could be called upon to provide manual labor in the form of a healthy adult—typically male—to help as needed.  This was a thorny problem, and evidently it was thought best to get expertise beyond the purely human.  The following day, tThe Udaijin, Soga no Ishikawa no Maro, suggested that the kami of Heaven and Earth should be worshipped and then affairs of government should be considered.  And so Yamato no Aya no Hirafu was sent to Wohari and Imbe no Obito no Komaro was sent to Mino, both to make offerings to the kami there for their assistance, it would seem, in setting up a good government. This is significant, in part, as it shows the continued importance of local traditions focused on appeasing the kami, rather than the Buddhist rituals that they could have likely turned to, instead. FinallyThree weeks later, on the 5th day of the 8th month—about three weeks later— camecomes the first truly major edict of the Taika era, which and it wasis to appoint new governors, or kokushi, of the eastern provinces.  Note that they specifically mention the Eastern Provinces, presumably meaning those east of Yamato, since they only sent out eight of them.  They also did not send them to usurp control, necessarily, from the Kuni no Miyatsuko of those areas.  The Kuni no Miyatsuko were still nominally in charge, it would seem, but the court was getting ready to make some major changes to the relationship. These governors were expected to go out and take a census of the people—both those free and those in bondage to others.  They were also to take account of all of the land currently under cultivation, likely to figure out how to tax it appropriately.  As for things other than arable land, such as gardens, ponds, rivers, oceans, lakes, mountains, etc., the edict commands the governors to consult with the people—presumably the people of the province—to get a better idea of what should be done. And this doesn't sound so bad.  It is basically just a tally of what is already there.  That said, anyone who has worked in a modern office probably knows about the dread that comes over a workplace when people show up from the Head Office with clipboards in hand.  However, apparently many of the people had not yet heard of a “clipboard” and likely didn't realize that this was only a precursor to greater and more centralized bureaucratic control. Now in addition to taking a zero-baseline review of provincial resources, there was also a list of what these new governors y were to avoid – clear boundaries around the power they were to wield.  For one thing, they were not to hear criminal cases.  They weren't there to be an extension of the Yamato court in such matters or to usurp the duties of the Kuni no Miyatsuko, one supposes.  Furthermore, when they were traveling to the capital, they were only to bring themselves and district officials, but not a huge retinue.  Whether they realized it or not, these kokushi were early bureaucrats in a burgeoning bureaucratic state, and they weren't supposed to be going out there to become minor kings in their own right; their power came from and was limited by the royal edict.  They also did not send them to usurp control, necessarily, from the Kuni no Miyatsuko of those areas.  The Kuni no Miyatsuko were still nominally in charge, it would seem, but the court was getting ready to make some major changes to the relationship. When traveling on official business, the governors could use appropriate government resources, such as the horses and food that they were entitled to.  Remember that post stations were set up, previously, to help better facilitate official travel and communication.  In a later edict it would be clarified that officials would be given a bronze token with bell-like figures on it.  The shape of the token would indicate what kinds of resources the individual was entitled to.  This applied to governors and their assistants.  Those who follow the rules could be rewarded with rank and more, while those who disobeyed would be reduced in rank, and any stipend that came with it.  Furthermore, any government official who was found taking a bribe would be liable to pay twice the amount, as well as being open to criminal punishment. The Chief Governor was allowed nine attendants, while the assistant was allowed seven, and a secretary—for which think more of the head of a branch office or department under the governor—could have five.  Any more, and the governor and followers could be punished for it. While in the provinces, the governors were expected to look into any claims of potentially false inheritance.  This included anyone using a false name or title to claim rights that were not theirs.  Governors were to first investigate what was going on before submitting their findings up to the court. Governors were also to erect arsenals on waste pieces of ground—ground that could not be cultivated for some reason.  In those arsenals they were to gather the various weapons and armor of the provinces and districts, presumably so that soldiers could be called up quickly and everyone could just get their equipment from one place, but it also looks like an attempt to take control of the means of violence.  Whether or not that was their direct intention I cannot say.  There was a provision for those on the frontier, with the Emishi, to allow the owners to keep their weapons, probably because the situation was potentially volatile, and it could turn at any moment. And so that was the first major piece of legislation:  Sending out governors to what are translated as “provinces”—though we are still using the term “kuni”, which equally refers to a state or country—ostensibly for the purposes of assessing the land, its value, the number of people, etc, but also to .  They are centralizeing military assets.   and they are given status as true court representatives.  I do notice that it was explicitly stated that these governors were for the eastern lands, .  presumably meaning those east of Yamato, since they only sent out eight of them These are areas that historically appear to have relied more on Yamato or else been something of a frontier area for the ethnic Wa people.  They may have been more open to Yamato's demands on their sovereignty. There were two more pieces to thise edict that didon't directly apply to the governors.  First off was the institution of a bell and a box to be set up at the court.  The box was basically a place to receive complaints about how things were going in the realm.  They are careful to note that complaints should be vetted by the Tomo no Miyatsuko, one of the hereditary government officials, or at least to the head of one's uji, if possible.  If they couldn't come to a decision, though, the complaints would be collected at dawn and then the government would look into them.  If anyone thought that there was a problem with how a complaint was being handled—for example, if they thought there was malfeasance involved or even just neglect, with officials not addressing it in a timely fashion, then the plaintiffs could go to the court and ring the bell, officially noting their dissatisfaction with the process. This idea of a bell and complaints seems to be a wide-ranging practice throughout Asia.  During the reign of the Legendary Yao, people were encouraged to nail their complaints to a tree.  Other edicts suggest that bells and drums were hung in royal palaces to allow common people to voice their grievances.  We have examples of the practice showing up in the Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand, during the 13th century reign of King Ramkhamhaeng, and then a 16th century example in what is now Myanmar, aka Burma.  While they differ in specifics, they are all related to the concept of royal justice even for the lowest of the people.  Granted, if you are a farmer in Owari province, I don't know how easy it was going to be to make your way over to the royal palace and ring that bell, but at least there was the idea that people could submit complaints. This was apparently used relatively soon after, as recounted in the second month of the following year, about six months later.  Apparently some person had placed a complaint in the box stating that people who had come to the capital on government business were being put to work and ill-used.  Basically it sounds like they were being rounded up for corvee labor even though they weren't local residents, they were just passing through.  In response, the sovereign, Karu, put a stop to forced labor at various places—presumably where the offending action was taking place, so I guess the complaint system it was working. The last part of this first set of edicts, kicking off the change was about inheritance.  Not all people in Yamato were free, and the law saw a difference between the status of free and unfree persons—that is to say enslaved persons.  And so they made laws that only the child of two free persons would be considered free.  If either parent was in bondage, then the child was also considered in bondage to their parent's house.  If two enslaved persons of different houses had a child, then they would stay with the mother.  Temple serfs, though technically bound to service of the temple, were made a special case, and their children were to be treated as if the temple serf was a free person. Slavery is something that doesn't always get talked about regarding ancient Yamato, and the Chronicles themselves don't tend to mention enslaved peoplethem often, but more because they belonged to a class of society that was largely outside of the scope of the narrative.  In cases where they are discussed, such as in these edicts, the Chronicles are unapologetic of the practice.  These may have been people who were captured in raids, or their descendants, or people who had been enslaved as punishment for some offence, although it isn't quite clear just what would count.  We know that Himiko sent enslaved persons as part of the tribute to the Wei Court, as she was trying to curry favor, and mention of them certainly shows up now and again. It is unclear how many people were enslaved up to this point, but some estimates suggest that it may have been five to ten percent of the population.  As I've mentioned before, this practice continued up until the Sengoku Period, and was only abolished by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in an attempt to stop the Portuguese from buying enslaved Japanese people and transporting them away from Japan.  That didn't meant that other forms of bondage, often economic in nature, didn't happen, however. So that was the content of the first edict—one of many.  The court sent out newly appointed “governors” to the provinces, but these governors were, so far, limited in their scope.  There is even some evidence that these may have been initially seen as temporary positions, and there was mention of “kokushi” in the previous reign.  Still, this was part of a clearly concentrated effort to assume central authority over the archipelago.  There were even officials appointed over the six districts of Yamato province, the core of the Yamato state, who were likewise expected to prepare registers of the population and the cultivated land. Even the idea that the sovereign had the right to make these appointments was something a bit radical, and indicated a change in way that the court, at least, would view the sovereign.  It likewise placed the sovereign in a position to dispense justice, through the vehicle of the court, and it began to define the citizens of the realm as well. That said, this all could have been argued for by using the Sui and Tang as examples of what government should look like and what a true nation should look like. It is also possible that this didn't all happen of a sudden in the 8th month, as the Chronicles describe it.  This is suggested at based on a separate account, mentioned in the Nihon Shoki, that the gathering of weapons, for instance—one of the things that the governors were charged with—actually took place between the 6th and 9th month, so some of this likely started before the date listed for the edict, and that may just have been one part of the whole.  The Chroniclers often do this, finding one particular date and throwing in everything rather than giving things piecemeal—depending on the event.  In addition, on the 19th day of the 9th month, officials were sent out to all of the provinces—not just the eastern provinces—to take a proper census.  At this same time, the sovereign, Karu, issued another edict, which seems related to their work as well as that of the governors, or kokushi, sent to the east.  In it he noted that the powerful families—the Omi, the Muraji, the Tomo no Miyatsuko, and the Kuni no Miyatsuko—would compel their own vassals to work at their pleasure.  They would also appropriate for themselves various pieces of land, so that people could only work it for them.  Not everyone was doing this, though.  Some unnamed persons were accused of hording thousands of acres of rice-land, while others had no more land than you could stick a needle into.  Furthermore, these powerful families were collecting taxes for themselves, first, and then handing a portion over to the government.  They likely compelled their vassals to work on their own tombs, and such.  And so, the sovereign, Karu, forbade anyone from becoming a landlord and forcing people to pay rent.  Presumably he was also dealing with some of the other aspects, though that may have proved more difficult.  After all, from what we've seen, everything that Karu is complaining about—things that no doubt were considered antithetical to good government based on pure Confucian values—were the norm for the elite at the time.  Heck, the Kuni no Miyatsuko had no doubt thought of the land and the people on it as their own, not Yamato's.  However, things were shifting, and once again we see Yamato exerting royal prerogative over the land and people, something that they would do more and more as the system of laws and punishments eventually came together. Now the big question is how did this all pan out?  Well, it took some time, but we get a report on the second day of the third month of the following year, 646, and to be honest, it doesn't sound like things were going too well.  Of the high officials sent out as kokushi to govern the eastern provinces, six listened and did what they were told, but two did not, and then there were numerous other issues.  A more detailed list was given on the 19th of the month, including a clearer idea of punishments. The decree was given to the “Choushuushi”, apparently other government officials sent to check on how things were going, though it was clearly about various officials. The decree starts by reminding officials that they were not to use their position to appropriate public or private property.  Anyone of Assistant governor rank or higher would be punished by being degraded in rank, and presumably their stipend.  Those officials of clerk, or secretary, on down would face flogging.  If anyone was found converting public property (or someone else's) to their own use, they would be fined double the value of the property, just as with bribes.  So the Yamato government was They were really trying to tamp down on people trying to make a profit from their position. Here are a few of the specific things that the Choushuushi reported back: -             Hozumi no Omi no Kuhi taxed individual families for his own use and though he gave some of it back make, it wasn't all.  His two assistants were at fault for not correcting him. -             Kose no Tokune no Omi did something similar, taking away horses from the farmers for his own use.  His assistants not only did not correct him, but actually helped him.  They also took horses from the Kuni no Miyatsuko of the province.  One of the officials tried to remonstrate with him, but he finally gave in to the corruption. -             Ki no Marikida no Omi sent men to Asakura no Kimi and Inoue no Kimi to look at their horses for his own use.  He also had Asakura no Kimi make him swords and provide bow-cloth.  He also took the payments in lieu of weapons offered by the Kuni no Miyatsuko but didn't properly report it.  As a somewhat strange addition to these charges, he apparently was guilty of allowing himself to be robbed of a sword in his own province as well as in Yamato, presumably one that was actually government property.  Apparently being held up at sword point wasn't considered sufficient justification for letting it go.  This was facilitated by his assistants and their subordinates. -             Adzumi no Muraji apparently made the Kuni no Miyatsuko send government property to someone when they were ill, and he took horses belonging to the Yube clan.  His assistant gathered items at his house that were paid in lieu of hay, and he took the horses of the Kuni no Miyatsuko and exchanged them for others.  At least two other brothers were found guilty as well. -             Ohochi no Muraji broke the decree of not personally judging the complaints of the people in the districts under his charge.  He took it on himself to judge the case of the men of Udo and the matter of the enslaved persons of Nakatomi no Toko, who was also considered guilty. -             Kishida no Omi, as with Ki no Marikida, also allowed his sword to be stolen, showing a want of circumspection. -             In one of the strangest put-downs in this list, Womidori no Omi and Tanba no Omi weren't guilty of anything, but were just considered incompetent.  So make of that what you will. -             Imbe no Konomi and Nakatomi no Muraji no Mutsuki also committed offenses, we are told, but the nature is unclear. -             Hada no Omi and Taguchi no Omi, on the other hand, were free and clear.  Apparently they hadn't committed any offenses. -             Finally, Heguri no Omi was guilty of neglecting to investigate the complaints of the men of Mikuni. A big to-do was made about the punishments to be meted out to all of these individuals, as well as to the Kuni no Miyatsuko who may have enabled them.  However, instead of prosecuting them, Karu declared a general amnesty.  This was like a mass pardon of offenses—a do-over if you would.  Not that anything would be forgotten.  On the other hand, six individuals who did as they were told were all commended for their service.  He also took the lent-rice for the maintenance of the late Kibishima, the dowager queen who had passed away in 643, and distributed her official-rice lands amongst the ministers down to the Tomo no Miyatsuko.  He also gave rice-land and hill tracts, which weren't suitable for farming, over to various temples which had previously been omitted from the official registers for some reason. Over all, this seems to be a rather powerful message:  We're not They weren't fooling around with these changes, and people better get on board or get out of the way.  Whereas previously things in the provinces may have operated under a sort of Vegas Rules, that was no longer going to be tolerated.  On the other hand, Karuhe demonstrated mercy, likely realizing that too harsh an approach would bring the wrath of the other powerful nobles.  Nonetheless, he elaborated what each person had done and effectively put them and anyone else harboring thoughts that they could just ignore these edicts on notice.  These reforms weren't going away. So we've talked about where we were and we can see the powers at the Yamato court starting to make changes.  For now, this is probably going to be a good place to take a break for this episode, but there are a lot more of these reforms to get to, not to mention the rest of the intra-palace politicking at the court, as well as the changing situation on the continent and in diplomatic channels.  We are going to keep looking at these changes as we move forward through the period of Great Change, known as the Taika era. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Do you have family from the Netherlands? Have you ever been baffled by the surnames and tried to make sense of why some family members have different surnames? Or why there might be so many common surnames in a specific village or community? And how did Napolean impact the surnames for Dutch ancestors? In this weeks episode we cover all of this and more.  A few surname tips to have on hand during your research: The -sen suffix could also be shortened to sz, z, se, and x (e.g., Dirks, Dirkse, Dirkx, etc.). Likewise, a woman would be called Dirksdochter, meaning daughter of Dirk, but could also use the abbreviated suffixes d, dr, s, se, sen, sens, and x (e.g., Dirks, Dirkse, Dirksdr, etc.). Dutch surnames based on locations usually include prefixes like de (the), van (from), van de, van der, van den (from the), or te, ter, ten (on). If you have Dutch ancestors and have hit a brick wall in your research, the experts at Legacy Tree Genealogists are here to help. Want to learn more about hiring a professional genealogist to assist with your family history research? Contact Legacy Tree Genealogists by visiting https://www.legacytree.com to request a free quote and learn more about what it's like to work with a professional genealogy firm. May your week be full of discoveries.  

elcome back to another episode of CrossxCultured. This week in Global news African nation, Burkina Faso, explores reducing politician salaries to share with civilians. China puts a new ban on their social media. We what our thoughts on the video of #Diddy and #Cassie that shook the world .#ShilohJolie-Pitt files a motion to drop the Pitt name. While Deiondra sanders wants to maintain her family's surname. Get into #TV, and Hot Topics. This is CrossxCultured

Tim is an anti-human trafficking operative with Destiny Rescue, a Christian non-governmental organization that identifies, rescues and rehabilitates young women and children trafficked into sexual exploitation. Highly trained covert teams infiltrate bars, sex clubs, prostitution rings, online chat groups, the dark web and red-light districts to find precious young lives trapped in nightmare situations. To date, more than fifteen and a half thousand individuals have been rescued and placed on a path to freedom from exploitation. Destiny Rescue is at work in 12 nations, from SouthEast Asia, to South Asia, to Africa and Latin America, providing class-leading skill sets to law enforcement agencies, working in partnership to tackle this fast-growing crime type.

Hey guys and welcome back to your therapy Thursday where we answer all of your deep, dark and burning questions!First up, we asked our partners what they would have called us on their sex list. Not sure if we are recommending this one or not to be honest!Bachie has been canned and we will well and truly miss the beautiful tones of Osher's "ladies". Vibes for the week:Britt - Netflix The Roast of Tom BradyLaura - The Daily - Sunday Special 'Modern Love' podcast epKeeshia - Pill Box from Dosey Then we jump into your questions! HE WANTS TO CHEAT WITH MEMy husband and I travel frequently with another family who have children the same age. It started out as my husband and his friends but over time the wife has become one of, if not, my best friend. They live interstate but we talk most days. We are 2 weeks away from an international holiday with them, when he asks me in a private message if I was with my husband at the time, and to message back when I was alone. He asked if I would like to ‘hook up' whilst overseas and at the same time said don't say a word to them (meaning his wife and my husband). I actually asked if he was joking to which he replied “no, but now it's awkward”. I brushed it off and politely declined. As I stand, it's nearly 24 hours after the message. I am planning on telling my husband that we will need to rearrange our holiday and accommodation plans. She is going to know something has happened, so when she asks me why we are cancelling on them what do I say? If roles were reversed I would 100% want to know. We have always suspected he's probably not 100% faithful to her but to make matters worse she is pregnant. I know the information is going to ruin her life. PARTNER DOESN'T WANT ME TO DONATE MY EGGS TO MY BROTHERI have two older gay brothers. Since I was about 16 (I am now in my mid 20s) I've said that I would like to donate eggs in the future to them, so they can have biological kids with their partner. (I always figured since we look very similar and I don't plan on having kids it would be a nice way to have biological children in the family). One of my brothers and his partner are ready to start the process to have kids. However, my partner of 2 years that I plan on marrying is very uncomfortable and does not agree with this decision. He sees that it will be my kid. I am not sure what to do. Do I listen to my partner's concerns and come to terms with not helping my brothers or follow through with this said promise? What are your thoughts? Am I crazy for offering and not seeing it as being my child?   IS IT OK TO KEEP EX HUSBANDS SURNAMEMy ex husband and I split a number of years ago and had one child together. I took his surname when we married. We have both since re-coupled and he is now engaged. This has made me wonder - is it time to change my name back? The problem is, I LOVE my current name and it feels like a bit part of who I am; personally and professionally. I also really love having the same surname as the child we happily co-parent. Is it weird if I just keep the name? My new partner and I also have a child together, and marriage will be on the cards one day but I don't want to change my name multiple times… and I much prefer my current name

On this day in 1928, Maya Angelou was born Marguerite Johnson in St. Louis, Missouri. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As the Manchu armies of Great Qing press ever-southward, they put increasing pressure on Ming loyalists seeking either escape or additional lands to feed their war efforts. The warlord of Fujian, Zheng Chenggong, the Lord of the Imperial Surname, will begin eying the holdings of the Dutch East India Co. on Formosa as just such a target. Time Period Covered: ca. 1639-1659 CE Major Historical Figures: Ming: Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga), Lord of the Imperial Surname [1624-1662] VOC: Christiaan Beyer, Ft. Zeelandia Surgeon-in-chief Taiwanese: Guo Huaiyi, rebel leader [d. 1652] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices