Podcasts about Polli

My conversation with Matthew Walker, PhD on faculty at UC Berkeley where he is a professor of neuroscience and psychology, the founder and director of the Center for Human Sleep Science, and has a long history of seminal contributions on sleep science and health. Audio File (also downloadable at Apple Podcast and Spotify)“Sleep is a non-negotiablebiological state required for the maintenance of human life . . . our needsfor sleep parallel those for air, food, and water.”—Grandner and FernandezEric Topol (00:07):Hello, it's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and I am really delighted to welcome Matt Walker, who I believe has had more impact on sleep health than anyone I know. It's reflected by the fact that he is a Professor at UC Berkeley, heads up the center that he originated for Human Sleep Science. He wrote a remarkable book back in 2017, Why We Sleep, and also we'll link to that as well as the TED Talk of 2019. Sleep is Your Superpower with 24 million views. That's a lot of views here.Matt Walker:Striking, isn't it?Eric Topol:Wow. I think does reflect the kind of impact, you were onto the sleep story sooner, earlier than anyone I know. And what I wanted to do today was get to the updates because you taught us a lot back then and a lot of things have been happening in these years since. You're on it, of course, I think you have a podcast Sleep Diplomat, and you're obviously continued working on the science of sleep. But maybe the first thing I'd ask you about is in the last few years, what do you think has been, are there been any real changes or breakthroughs in the field?What Is New?Matt Walker (01:27):Yeah, I think there has been changes, and maybe we'll speak about one of them, which is the emergence of this brain cleansing system called the glymphatic system, but spreading that aside for potential future discussion. I would say that there are maybe at least two fascinating areas. The first is the broader impact of sleep on much more complex human social interactions. We think of sleep at maybe the level of the cell or systems or whole scale biology or even the entire organism. We forget that a lack of sleep, or at least the evidence suggests a lack of sleep will dislocate each other, one from the other. And there's been some great work by Dr. Eti Ben Simon for example, demonstrating that when you are sleep deprived, you become more asocial. So you basically become socially repellent. You want to withdraw, you become lonely. And what's also fascinating is that other people, even they don't know that you sleep deprived, they rate you as being less socially sort of attractive to engage with.Matt Walker (02:35):And after interacting with you, the sleep deprived individual, even though they don't know you're sleep deprived, they themselves walk away feeling more lonely themselves. So there is a social loneliness contagion that happens that a sleep deprived lonely individual can have almost a viral knock on effect that causes loneliness in another well-rested individual. And then that work spanned out and it started to demonstrate that another impact of a lack of sleep socially is that we stop wanting to help other people. And you think, well, helping behavior that's not really very impactful. Try to tell me of any major civilization that has not risen up through human cooperation and helping. There just isn't one. Human cooperative behavior is one of our innate traits as homo sapiens. And what they discovered is that when you are insufficiently slept, firstly, you don't wish to help other people. And you can see that at the individual level.Matt Walker (03:41):You can see it in groups. And then there was a great study again by Dr. Eti Ben Simon that demonstrated this at a national level because what she did was she looked at this wonderful manipulation of one hour of sleep that happens twice a year to 1.6 billion people. It's called daylight savings time at spring. Yeah, when you lose one hour of sleep opportunity. She looked at donations across the nation and sure enough, there was this big dent in donation giving in the sleepy Monday and Tuesday after the clock change. Because of that sleep, we become less willing to empathetically and selflessly help other individuals. And so, to me I think it's just a fascinating area. And then the other area I think is great, and I'm sorry I'm racing forward because I get so excited. But this work now looking at what we call genetic short sleepers and sort of idiots like me have been out there touting the importance of somewhere between seven to nine hours of sleep.Matt Walker (04:48):And once you get less than that, and we'll perhaps speak about that, you can see biological changes. But there is a subset of individuals who, and we've identified at least two different genes. One of them is what we call the DEC2 gene. And it seems to allow individuals to sleep about five hours, maybe even a little bit less and show no impairment whatsoever. Now we haven't tracked these individuals across the lifespan to truly understand does it lead to a higher mortality risk. But so far, they don't implode like you perhaps or I would do when you are limited to this anemic diet of five hours of sleep. They hang in there just fine. And I think philosophically what that tells me, and by the way, for people who are listening thinking, gosh, I think I'm probably one of those people. Statistically, I think you are more likely to be struck by lightning in your lifetime than you are to have the DEC2 gene. Think about what tells us, Eric. It tells us that there is a moment in biology in the evolution of this thing called the sleep physiological need that has changed such that mother nature has found a genetic way to ZIP file sleep.Matt Walker (06:14):You can essentially compress sleep from seven to nine hour need, down to five to six hour need. To me, that is absolutely fascinating. So now the race is on, what are the mechanisms that control this? How do we understand them? I'm sure much to my chagrin, society would like to then say, okay, is there a pill that I can take to basically ZIP file my own sleep and then it becomes an arms race in my mind, which is then all of a sudden six hours becomes the new eight hours and then everyone is saying, well, six hours is my need. Well I'll go to four hours and then it's this arms race of de-escalation of sleep. Anyway, I'm going on and on, does that help give you a sense of two of the what I feel the more fascinating areas?Eric Topol (07:01):Absolutely. When I saw the other recent report on the short sleep gene variant and thought about what the potential of that would be with respect to potential drug development or could you imagine genome editing early in life that you don't need any sleep? I mean crazy stuff.Matt Walker (07:19):It was amazing.Glymphatics and Deep Sleepfor more, see previous Ground Truths on this topic Eric Topol (07:22):No, the mechanism of course we have to work out and also what you mentioned regarding the social and the behavior engagement, all that sort of thing, it was just fascinating stuff. Now we touched on one thing early on to come back to the glymphatics these channels to get rid of the waste metabolites from the brain each night that might be considered toxic metabolites. We've learned a lot about those and of course there's some controversy about it. What are your thoughts?Matt Walker (07:55):Yeah, I think there's really quite comprehensive evidence suggesting that the brain has this cleansing system like the body has one the lymphatic system, the brain has one the glymphatic system named after these glial cells that make it up. And I think there's been evidence from multiple groups across multiple different species types, from mouse models all the way up to human models suggesting that there is a state dependent control of the brain cleansing system, which is a fancy way of saying if you are awake in light NREM, deep NREM or perhaps you're just quiet and you are resting in your wakefulness, the glymphatic system is not switched on at the same rate across all of those different brain states. And I think the overwhelming evidence so far using different techniques in different species from different groups is that sleep is a preferential time. It's not an exclusive time, it's a preferential time when that brain cleansing system kicks into gear because as some people have, I think argued, and you could say it's hyperbolic, but wakefulness is low level from a biochemicals perspective, it's low level brain damage and sleep is therefore your sanitary salvation that combat that biochemical cascade.Matt Walker (09:15):So in other words, a better way of putting it would be, sleep is the price that you pay for wakefulness in some ways. And I think there was a recent controversial study that came out in 2022 or 2023, and they actually suggested quite the opposite. They said using their specific imaging methods, they found that the sort of clearance, the amount of cerebral spinal fluid, which is what washes through the brain to cleanse the toxins, the rate of that flow of cerebral spinal fluid was highest during wakefulness and lowest during deep NREM sleep, the exact opposite of what others have found. Now, I think the defendants of the glymphatic sleep dependent hypothesis pushed back and said, well, if you look at the imaging methods. Firstly, they're nonstandard. Secondly, they were measuring the cerebral spinal flow in an artificial way because they were actually perfusing solutions through the brain rather than naturally letting it flow and therefore the artificial forcing of fluid changed the prototypical result you would get.Matt Walker (10:27):And they also argued that the essentially kind of the sampling rate, so how quickly are you taking snapshots of the cerebral spinal fluid flow. Those were different and they were probably missing some of the sleep dependent slow oscillations that seemed to sort of drive that pulsatile flow. Honestly, I think that paper was still very well done, and I still think there is right now, I would still cleave to the majority of overwhelming evidence considering it's not just from one group in one species, but across multiple species, multiple groups. And I think it's nevertheless a weight of burden that has pushed back. And my sense right now, I used to think and cleaves to the notion that it was a sleep expressly selective process. Now I don't think that that's the case anymore. I think that the glymphatic system is a dynamic system, but it's always looking for the opportunity to go into cleansing mode. And you can kind of go into almost like a low battery mode when you are awake, but in quiet rest. And I think that can drive some already early clearance from the brain and then when you go into sleep, it's like powering your phone off entirely. It truly gets the chance to cleanse and reboot the biochemical system. But I think it's really interesting. I think there's a lot of work still yet to be done. It's not quite as case closed as we used to think.Eric Topol (12:03):Yeah, I mean first of all, it's great that you straighten out the controversy because that's exactly what I was referring to. And secondly, as you also pointed out, the weight of the evidence is that it's a sleep dependent phenomena, particularly during flow wave deep sleep is at least what I've seen.Matt Walker (12:21):Yes.Eric Topol (12:22):What's also interesting, your point about it being dynamic, which fascinating, there was a paper in my field of cardiology, people with atrial fibrillation had less active glymphatic, less clearance which was really interesting. And then the other finding that's also noteworthy was that Ambien made things worse. What do you think about that?We Are An Embodied OrganismMatt Walker (12:45):I think it's really interesting, and just to come back to your point about the AFib paper, what we know is that this cleansing system in the brain does seem to track the big slow brainwaves of deep slow wave sleep, but it's not only tracking the big slow brainwaves. If anything, there's something to do with the cardiorespiratory cycle, the respiration rate and the cardiac signal that may actually sink with the brainwaves. And it's essentially a cardiorespiratory neurophysiological coupling, which is a lot of ways, which is to say heart, lungs and brain coupled together. And it's the coupling of the cardiorespiratory slow oscillations that drive these pulsatile fluid mechanical, it's literally a hydro mechanical, hydro meaning cerebral spinal fluid push and pull in and out of the system drawing those metabolites out. So ago, if you have a disrupted either cardiac or respiratory or neurophysiological signal, no wonder the glymphatic system isn't going to work as efficiently.Matt Walker (14:00):I think that's a beautiful demonstration of the hemineglect that people like me who study sleep largely from the neck upwards would miss. But if you think about sleep is not just for the brain, it's for the body and it's not just for the body, it's for the brain. And we're an embodied organism. We study the organism in silos, neurology, psychiatry, cardiology, respiratory, but they all interact. And so, I think what's lovely about your example is the reminder that if you don't study the body in this study of the glymphatic system, you could miss out a profound explanation that possibly accounts for the head scratching, I don't know why we're getting this result. So that's a long way to come back to it. But the same group that was the pioneer in the discovery of the glymphatic system led by Maiken Nedergaard at the University of Rochester.In SUPER AGERS, p. 57. SRI-sleep regulatory indexSleep MedicationsMatt Walker (15:01):She has gone on to then look to say, well, if this is a sleep dependent process of brain cleansing during deep sleep, what about sleeping pills because so many people are either taking or are addicted to sleeping pills. And we've gone through, we're in the era of web 3.0 with sleeping pills, we started off web 1.0 which were the benzos, the kind of temazepam, diazepam, lorazepam. Then we went to web 2.0, which was sort of the Ambien (zolpidem), Lunesta, Sonata. And what was common about those two classes of drugs is that they both went after something called the GABA receptor in the brain, which is this major inhibitory receptor in the brain. And essentially, they were called sedative hypnotics because they sedated your cortex. And when you take an Ambien and not going to argue you're awake. You're clearly not awake, but to argue you're a naturalistic sleep, if you look at this, physiology is an equal fallacy.Matt Walker (16:01):They made this interesting experimental hypothesis that when you take Ambien, you sleep longer and based on how you score deep sleep, it would seem as though Ambien increases the amount of minutes that you spend in deep sleep. But if you look at the electrical signature during that “increased deep sleep” it's not the same. Ambien takes a big bite. There's a big dent out of the very slowest of the slow brainwaves, and it's the slowest of the slow brainwaves that drive the glymphatic system. So what they found was that when you take Ambien or you give mice Ambien. Yes, they sleep longer, they seem to have more deep sleep, but the brain cleansing mechanism seem to be reduced by anywhere between 30-40%, which is counterintuitive. If you are sleeping more and you're getting more deep sleep and the glymphatic system is active during deep sleep, you should get greater cleansing of the brain.Matt Walker (17:05):Here they found, yes, the drug increased sleep, particularly deep sleep, but it empowered the cleansing of the brain system. Now, have we got evidence of that in humans yet? No, we don't. I don't think it's far away though, because there was a counter study that brings us onto web 3.0. There's a new class of sleep medications. It's the first class of medications that have actually been publicly advocating for, they're called the DORAs drugs, and they are a class of drugs and there's three of them that are FDA approved right now. DORA stands for dual orexin receptor antagonists, which means that these drugs go in there and they block the action of a chemical called orexin. What is orexin? Orexin is the volume button for wakefulness. It dials at wakefulness, but these drugs come into your system and unlike the sedative sort of baseball bat to the cortex, which is Ambien, these drugs are much more elegant.Matt Walker (18:11):They go down towards the brainstem and they just dial down the volume on wakefulness and then they step back, and they allow the antithesis of wakefulness to come in its place, which is this thing called naturalistic sleep. And people sleep longer. So as a scientist, you and I perhaps skeptics would then say, well, so you increase sleep, and I have four words for you. Yes, and so what. Just because you increase sleep, it doesn't mean that it's functional sleep. It could just be like the old notion of junk DNA, that it's epiphenomenal sleep. It's not functional sleep. There was a study out of WashU and they took 85-year olds and above and they gave them one of these DORAs drugs. It's a drug called Belsomra, it's a play on good sleep or beautiful sleep, chemical named suvorexant and randomized placebo control. What they found is that when they took the drug, yes, these older adults slept longer, they had more deep sleep, but then what they did was clever. Before and after the night of sleep, they drew blood because we can now measure markers of β-amyloid and tau protein circulating in the bloodstream, which are these two markers of Alzheimer's disease.Matt Walker (19:28):Why is that relevant to the glymphatic system? It's relevant because two of the pieces of metabolic detritus that the cleansing system washes away at night, β-amyloid and tau. I'm sure enough of what they found was that not only did the adults sleep longer with these sleeping medications, they also had a greater clearance of β-amyloid and tau within the bloodstream. So this was the exact opposite of the Ambien study, which was where they were seeing an impairment in the glymphatic activity. Here in humans was a study with the web 3.0 sleep medications. Suvorexant, not only did it increase sleep, but it seemed to increase. Well, the assumption was that it was increasing glymphatic clearance because at least as the end outcome product, there was greater clearance of β-amyloid and tau protein in the blood. It wasn't just junk sleep, it was functional sleep. So for the first time I'd seen a sleeping medication that increased sleep more naturalistically, but that increased sleep made you the organism function better the next day as a consequence. Does that make any sense?Eric Topol (20:38):Absolutely. And it's interesting that we may have a sleep medicine finally or a class that actually is doing what is desired. This is one of the other things I was going to ask you about is that as you pointed out, this is an interaction throughout the organism, throughout the human being, and we've seen studies about how sleep disrupts metabolism and through that of course, and even separately, can take down our immune system or disrupt that as well. And so, one of the questions I guess is your thoughts about these other effects because you mentioned of course the potential of looking at things like p-Tau217 markers or other markers that would denote the status of your ultimate risk for moving on to Alzheimer's disease. But there's these other factors that also play a role with lack of adequate sleep and perhaps particularly sleep quality. I wonder if you could just comment about this because there's so many different systems of the body that are integrated here, and so the sanitary effect that you just described with the ability to potentially see less, at least biomarkers for what would be considered risks to ultimately develop Alzheimer's, there's also these other very important effects when we talk about high quality sleep, I guess, right? And maybe you could comment about that.Matt Walker (22:21):Yeah, I think quantity is what we've been talking about in some ways, but quality has also come onto the radar as absolutely essential. And what we find is that the quality of your sleep is as if not more predictive of both all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, metabolic mortality, and in some regards, cancer mortality as well. And when I say quality of sleep, what we're really referring to here is at least one of two things. One is the continuity of your sleep. So you could be sleeping for eight and a half hours according to your sleep tracker, but maybe you are getting eight and a half hours by spending ten hours of time in bed because you are awake so much throughout the night and your sleep is very sort of punctured and littered with all of these awakenings across the night. That's sufficient quantity of sleep eight and a half hours, but it's poor quality of sleep because you are spending too much time awake.Matt Walker (23:30):And so, our measure of quality of sleep typically is what we call sleep efficiency. Of the time that you are in bed, what percent of that time are you asleep? And we like to see some measure of at least 85% or above because once you get less than 85% in terms of your sleep quality or your sleep efficiency, then you start to see many of these unfolding system-wide impairments. You seem to have high risk of diabetes, high risk obesity, high risk, as we said, cardiovascular disease. Also, hormonal changes both in men and in women. We see upstairs in the brain with poor quality of sleep, much more so than quantity of sleep. Poor quality of sleep is a more powerful predictor of mood disturbances and psychiatric conditions. And in fact, I think if you look at the data, at least in my center in the past 23 years, we've not been able to discover a single psychiatric condition in which sleep is normal, which to me is a stunning revelation. And what that tells us is that in many of those conditions they do seem to be getting not too bad of quantity of sleep. What is the marker of psychiatric sleep disturbance is not short quantity, it's poor quality of sleep. So I think it's a wonderful important point that I don't think we pay enough attention to, which is the quality.Eric Topol (25:05):Yes. And the other thing that you've emphasized, and I just want to reiterate to people listening or watching that is the regularity story, just like you said with quality. The data and I'll put the figure in that shows the link between regularity and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancer, that regularity thing. A lot of people don't understand how important that is as well.Matt Walker (25:30):Stunning study from data from the UK Biobank, and this is across thousands and thousands of individuals and they tracked quantity and they tracked regularity and they split people up into the quartiles, those who were most regular and those who were least regular. And as you'll see in those sort of the figure that you flash up, those people who were in the upper quartile of regularity, de-risk all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, it was stunning. And then they did a cute little experiment of a statistical test where they took quantity because they had it in these individuals and regularity and they kind of put them in the same statistical bucket and did a sort of a Coke Pepsi challenge to see which one won out. And what it seemed to be was that regularity almost beat out quantity in terms of predicting all-cause mortality. Now that's not to say that you can get away with saying, well, I sleep four hours a night, but I sleep very regularly, consistently four hours a night. No, you need both, but regularity. I was someone who based on my remarkably vanilla and pedestrian personality, I've always been quite regular in my regard. But goodness me, even when I read that paper, I thought I'm doubling down on regularity. It's so important. That tells us, I think something that is in some ways a story not about sleep. It's a story about your circadian rhythm.Matt Walker (27:02):We speak a lot, or I speak a lot about sleep, and I think I've probably done a mis service to the other aspect of the sleep wake rhythmicity, which is called your 24 hours circadian rhythm. Now your sleep pressure, the drive to sleep is independent of your circadian rhythm, but they often work beautifully in harmony with each other, and you fall asleep, and you stay asleep. But I think the circadian system is critical because, excuse me, and what the circadian rhythm also regulates, sneezing right at the inopportune moment when you are recording a podcast. But nevertheless, what that tells me is that when you feed your brain signals of wake sleep consistency, which is to say wake, sleep, timing, regularity, there is something about feeding the brain signals of regularity that anchor your 24-hour circadian rhythm and as a consequence, it improves the quantity and the quality of your sleep. They're intertwined.What About Sleep Trackers?Eric Topol (28:09):That's a terrific explanation for what I think a lot of people don't appreciate it's importance. Now, last topic about tracking. Now we understand how important sleep is. It is the superpower I am with you on that really brought that to light in so many ways. But of course, now we can track it with rings with smart watches and we get these readouts things like efficiency as part of the Oura score and other rings and deep sleep or NREM, REM, the works, you can see your awake times that you didn't know you're awake and the whole bit. Do you recommend for people that aren't getting great sleep quality beyond that they should try to establish a regular schedule that they should track to try to improve it and of course how would they improve it? Or are these things like having a cold mattress temperature that is controlled? What are the tricks that you would suggest for trying to improve your sleep through tracking? Or do you think tracking shouldn't be done?Matt Walker (29:16):Oh gosh, it's such a wonderful question and as with wonderful questions, the answer is usually it's complicated and I have to be careful because for someone who's currently wearing three different sleep trackers, it's going to be hard for me to answer this question completely in the negative. And there are three different sleep trackers. But I would say that for the most part, I like the idea of sleep tracking if you are sleeping well, meaning if as long as you're not suffering from insomnia. The reason is because sleep unlike those two other critical of health, which is diet and exercise, is very difficult to subjectively estimate. So if I were to ask you, Eric, how many times have you worked out in the past week, you'd be able to tell me how cleanly or how poorly have you been eating in the past week. You could tell me.Matt Walker (30:09):But if I was to say to you, Eric, how much deep sleep did you get last Tuesday? And if you don't have a sleep tracker, you'd say, I don't know. And so, there's something useful about tracking, especially a non-conscious process that I think is meaningful to many. And often medicine we say what gets measured gets managed, and there is that trite sort of statement. I do think that that's still true for sleep. So many people I've spoken to have, for example, markedly reduced the amount of alcohol consumption because they've been seeing the huge impact that the alcohol consumption in the evening has on their ring smart ring data as a consequence. So overall, I think they're pretty good. When people ask me what's the best sleep tracker, I usually say it's the one that you wear most frequently because if I come up with a band, headband, chest straps, all sorts of different things and it's a hundred percent accurate, but after three uses of it, you stop using it, that's a useless sleep tracker. So I like to think about sleep trackers that are low friction and no friction. When we go to sleep, we take things off, we don't put things on. That's why I liked things like the ring. For example, I think that's a non-intrusive way. I think the mattress may be as if not better because it's a completely friction less device. You don't have to remember to charge it. You don't have to put it on, you just fall into bed, and it tracks your sleep.Matt Walker (31:40):One form factor, I like to think about sleep trackers is the form factor itself. But then the other is accuracy. And I think right now if you look at the data, probably Oura is winning the ring kind of wars. If you look at all wristband wars, I think it's probably the most accurate relative to something like Fitbit or Apple Watch or the Whoop Band. But they're all pretty close. I think Oura is probably the leader in class right now at least. Keep in mind that I used to be an advisor for Oura. I want to make that very clear. So take what I say with a grain of salt in that regard. I think to your question, well, I'll come back to mattresses in just one second.Matt Walker (32:34):For people who are struggling with sleep, I think you've got to be very, very careful with sleep trackers because they can have the counterproductive effect where I gave you the example of alcohol or eating too late. And these sleep trackers help you modify your behaviors to improve your sleep. Well, there are places where these trackers can actually do you a disservice. When you get so hyper focused on your data and your data not looking good each and every day, it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy of a negative spiral. And we now have a condition in sleep medicine called orthosomnia. So ortho in medicine typically means straightened. So you've heard of orthodontic straightening teeth, orthopedic straightening bones, orthosomnia is about getting so obsessed with getting your sleep perfect and your sleep straight that it causes an insomnia like syndrome. Now, I don't know, I think the press has made more of this than there is.Matt Walker (33:30):It probably is about 5-7% of the population. I would say at that moment in time, do one of two things. Either take the ring off entirely and just say, I'm going to get my sea legs back underneath me, get some cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. And when I'm confident I'll put the ring back on. Or don't throw the baby out with the bath water, keep wearing the ring. Try to say to yourself only on let's say a Sunday afternoon, will I open up the app and look historically what's been happening during the past week so that you keep getting your data, but you don't get the angiogenic daily sort of repetition of reinforcement of I'm not sleeping well. I should also note by the way that I think sleep trackers are not a substitute for either a sleep recording laboratory, but also, they're not a substitute for ultimately telling you entirely how good your sleep is.Matt Walker (34:24):Don't forget, you should always keep in mind how do I feel the next day? Because I think a lot of people will see their readiness score as 92 and they feel miserable. They just feel rough. And then another day, my readiness score was 62 and I just went out and I just ran my fastest five mile that I've done in the past six months. So don't forget that subjective sense of sleep is just as important as objective measures of sleep. The final thing I would say to your point about the mattresses, I actually do think that they are a really great vehicle for sleep augmentation because these smart mattresses, they're filled with sensors, things like Eight Sleep, and they will assess your physiology, they will track your sleep just like a sleep tracking ring. But what's also good is that because they can manipulate temperature and your sleep is so thermoregulatory sensitive that they create this kind, it's almost like this bent arc of thermal story throughout the night because you have to warm up at the surface to cool down at the core to fall asleep, then you have to stay cool to stay asleep, then you have to warm up to wake up and they take you through that natural change.Matt Walker (35:41):But they do it intelligently because they're measuring your sleep minute to minute. And then they're saying, I'm tweaking temperature a little bit. Has sleep improved? Has it become worse? Oh, it's become better. Let's lean into that. Let's get them even colder. Oh, wait a second, it's getting worse. Let's warm it back up a little bit. It's like a staircase method, like a Richter shock. And gradually they find your sweet spot and I think that is a really elegant system. And now they're measuring snoring. Snoring perturbations, and they can augment the bed and raise the angle of the bed up just a little bit so that the gravity doesn't have as much of a hold on your airway because when you're lying on your back, the airway wants to collapse down to gravity, and when you raise back up again, it will change that. And so, I think that there's lots of new advantages in, I think mattress technology that we'll see coming out into the future. I think it's a great vehicle for sleep augmentation.Eric Topol (36:37):That's terrific. Well, this has been for me, very educational, as I would've predicted, if anybody's up on everything in this area, it would be you. So thank you, Matt. It's a really brilliant discussion, really enlightening. We could talk some more hours, but I think we've encapsulated some of the big things. And before we finish up, is there anything else you wanted to say?Matt Walker (37:05):No, I think just to thank you for both your work in general in terms of science communication, your offer here specifically to allow me to try to be a very poorly communicated voice of sleep, and also just what you've done in general for I think the accuracy of science communication out into the public. Please never stop, continue to be a shining light for all of us. You are remarkable. Thank you, Eric.Eric Topol (37:31):Oh, you're very kind. And I look forward to the next chance we get to visit in person. It's been too long, Matt. And all the best to you. Thanks for joining today.************************************************A quick pollI cover much about sleep and healthy aging in SUPER AGERS, which has been on the NYT Bestseller list for 3 weeks. I'm very grateful to many of you for being one of the book's readers.And thanks for reading and subscribing to Ground Truths.If you found this interesting please share it!That makes the work involved in putting these together especially worthwhile.All content on Ground Truths—its newsletters, analyses, and podcasts, are free, open-access.Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

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Polli macht sich große Sorgen um ihren Papa. In der Ukraine war er ein beliebter Bäckermeister. Doch hier sitzt Pollis Papa die meiste Zeit in der Wohnung, weil er immer noch keine Arbeit hat. Wie gut, dass Polli schon bald eine wunderbare Idee hat. Wofür fluffige Buchteln mit Kirschfüllung doch alles gut sein können! (Eine Geschichte von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Als Pollis Lehrerin eines Tages Fragen nach ihrem Zuhause stellt, wird Polli sehr traurig. Zum Glück hat Polli ihre beste Freundin Lala. Die versteht Polli manchmal auch ohne Worte und schafft es eigentlich immer, alles zum Guten zu wenden. (Eine Geschichte von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Endlich waren Polli und ihre Freundinnen soweit: Als Hunde-Dompteurinnen wollten sie eine große Zirkusaufführung vor Lalas Zeitungsland stattfinden lassen. Wäre nur nicht gleich bei der ersten Nummer diese kleine, raketenschnelle Katze vorbeigerast. (Eine Geschichte von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Inzwischen findet Polli die deutsche Sprache oft ziemlich lustig. Nur anfangs hatte Polli das Problem, dass sie manchmal Worte benutzt hat, von denen sie noch gar nicht wusste, was die eigentlich bedeuten. Zum Beispiel ihr persönliches Lieblingswort: Schnurzpiepegal! (Eine Geschichte von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Erst ein fürchterliches Krachen und dann hat wieder eine ihr Häuschen verloren. Und höchstwahrscheinlich auch ihr Leben! Polli und ihr bester Freund Tarek haben großes Mitleid mit den Häuschenschnecken und müssen dringend etwas unternehmen. (Eine Geschichte von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Panda's Playground with Polli Panda - 17.03.25 by

ROMA (ITALPRESS) - La rapida diffusione del virus altamente contagioso dell'influenza aviaria ha colpito milioni di polli in tutto il mondo, causando ingenti perdite economiche e mettendo a rischio la sicurezza alimentare, per questo, è necessario rafforzare la biosicurezza, il monitoraggio, la sorveglianza, i meccanismi di risposta rapida e la comunicazione del rischio, per salvaguardare il settore avicolo e proteggere i mezzi di sussistenza e le economie.È l'avvertimento della FAO - l'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura, che ha organizzato un incontro sul tema nel suo quartier generale di Roma.Negli ultimi 4 anni c'è stato un cambiamento nell'aviaria in termini di diffusione geografica, con un aumento del contagio sui mammiferi e ingenti perdite di uccelli domestici, con un impatto sulla sicurezza alimentare e un aumento dei prezzi dei prodotti avicoli. Un gran numero di uccelli selvatici ha ceduto alla malattia, danneggiando la biodiversità con almeno 300 nuove specie colpite dal 2021 a oggi. A inizio 2025 negli allevamenti italiani si contavano oltre 50 focolai.Con la diffusione dell'aviaria – ha spiegato il vicedirettore generale della FAO, Godfrey Magwenzi, sono possibili «gravi impatti sulla sicurezza alimentare e sull'approvvigionamento alimentare, tra cui la perdita di preziose sostanze nutritive, posti di lavoro e reddito nelle zone rurali, shock alle economie locali e costi crescenti per i consumatori».L'influenza aviaria, evidenzia la FAO, ci pone davanti ad alcune sfide, in primis proteggere i sistemi di produzione avicola per garantire la sicurezza alimentare e la nutrizione dei milioni di persone che dipendono dal pollame per carne e uova. Secondo la vicedirettrice generale della Fao, Beth Bechdol, si tratta di un problema transfrontaliero che richiede una risposta globale e coordinata: «La Fao è in prima linea nell'affrontare questo virus da oltre 20 anni, supportando i governi nell'individuazione, prevenzione e risposta alle epidemie. Lavorando insieme possiamo ridurre l'impatto dell'influenza aviaria e proteggere la salute degli animali e degli esseri umani».A tal fine la FAO e l'Organizzazione mondiale per la salute animale (WOAH) hanno lanciato una Strategia globale decennale per la prevenzione e il controllo dell'influenza aviaria ad alta patogenicità.gsl

Nuovo episodio di Purpose, la nostra serie podcast sulla responsabilità sociale d'impresa condotta da Valeria Ferrero, Responsabile ESG Strategy di Ersel. Nella puntata di oggi Valeria intervista Manuela Polli, Presidente del CdA e Responsabile del Corporate Strategist e Development di F.lli Polli Spa, dal 1872 azienda leader nelle conserve vegetali, Marchio Storico di Interesse Nazionale. Una bellissima storia di crescita, in Italia e all'estero, continua e costante nel tempo, fatta di intuizioni e scelte importanti che hanno segnato traguardi davvero significativi, attraverso la lungimirante apertura a manager esterni e al capitale del private equity, ma mantenendo sempre ben salda la rotta alla guida della famiglia Polli. Coerenza, coraggio, coesione, correttezza sono i valori che contraddistinguono una azienda che guarda al futuro, da sempre orientata all'innovazione, impegnata a generare impatto e attenta a salute e sicurezza alimentare. Resta aggiornato e buon ascolto!#comunicazionedimarketingIl presente podcast è destinato esclusivamente a scopi informativi/ di marketing non sostituendosi al prospetto informativo o ad altri documenti legali di prodotti finanziari ivi eventualmente richiamati. Nel caso, si prega di consultare il prospetto dell'OICVM/documento informativo e il documento contenente le informazioni chiave per gli investitori (KID) prima di prendere una decisione finale di investimento che può essere effettuata solo previa valutazione dell'adeguatezza del servizio o dello strumento finanziario rispetto al profilo individuato con il questionario MiFID. Solo la versione più recente del prospetto, dei regolamenti, del Documento chiave per gli investitori, delle relazioni annuali e semestrali del fondo può essere utilizzata come base per decisioni di investimento. Il presente podcast non costituisce né un'offerta né una sollecitazione all'acquisto, alla sottoscrizione o alla vendita di prodotti o strumenti finanziari o una sollecitazione all'effettuazione di investimenti. Ersel ha verificato con la massima attenzione tutte le informazioni rappresentate nel presente podcast e compiuto sforzi per garantire che il contenuto di questo podcast sia basato su informazioni e dati ottenuti da fonti affidabili, ma non garantisce della loro esattezza e completezza non assumendosi alcuna responsabilità. Ersel non si assume alcuna responsabilità circa le informazioni, le proiezioni o le opinioni contenute nel presente podcast e non risponde dell'uso che terzi potrebbero fare di tali informazioni, né di eventuali perdite o danni che possano verificarsi in seguito a tale uso. Il presente podcast può fare riferimento alla performance passata degli investimenti: i rendimenti passati non sono indicativi di quelli attuali o futuri. Le indicazioni e i dati relativi agli strumenti finanziari, forniti dalla Società, non costituiscono necessariamente un indicatore delle future prospettive dell'investimento o disinvestimento. È vietata la riproduzione e/o la distribuzione del presente podcast, non espressamente autorizzata.

Panda's Playground with Polli Panda - 17.02.2025 by

Heute erzählt Polli von etwas, das ihr eigentlich noch nie gelungen war: Woanders als zuhause übernachten. Bei ihrer wunderbaren Lala vermutlich das Einfachste, was es gibt... oder etwa nicht? (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Heute erzählt Polli von etwas sehr Peinlichem, was ihrem Papa passiert ist. Mit dabei: wertvolle Kunstwerke. Nicht mit dabei: Papas Lesebrille! Doch so viel sei verraten: Pollis Idee kann die Lage von ihrem Papa retten. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Heute erzählt Polli von einem kleinen Wunder: Schon immer hat sie sich eine kleine Schwester gewünscht. Ausgerechnet im eiskalten Ententeich wird Polli fündig. Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova

Heute erzählt Polli von etwas absolut Ungewöhnlichem: Als Lala tatsächlich so krank wurde, dass sie in ihrem Laden nicht mehr arbeiten konnte. Aber wer Freunde hat, findet auch da einen Weg... (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana)

Heute erzählt Polli von einem ziemlich blöden Streit mit ihrem Freund Tarek.Für Frieden kann nur ihre wunderbare Lala sorgen. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Polli, l'azienda leader nella produzione di pesti, sughi pronti e conserve vegetali, arricchisce la linea delle Legumizie, la gamma di prodotti 100% plant based realizzati con uno sfizioso mix di verdure e legumi, con una novità: la Fagiolata, pratica e pronta da gustare, perfetta come contorno o come ingrediente per arricchire le insalate e renderle ancora più speciali e saporite.

Kelen Marczak Polli is a Stormwater Engineer at Arup, and is a very deserving recipient of this year's Australian Emerging Stormwater Professional of the Year Award by Stormwater Queensland AND the Queensland Emerging Professional Engineer of the Year Award by Engineers Australia. In this chat, Kelen share's her amazing story - coming from Brazil with an engineering degree but very little English, the struggle to land her first engineering job in Australia, and advice for other students and graduates starting their engineering careers.Useful links:Kelen on LinkedIn (here)Kelen on Instagram (here)Engineers Australia "Internships Information for International Students" (here)Engineers Australia "Global Engineering Talent Program" (here) For further information about Ocean Protect, check us out at www.oceanprotect.com.au Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

10 years in real estate, consistently ranked in top 5% for our market, best customer service award 2021, nominated for Best Real Estate Agent and Best Real Estate Firm by local content for 2022 [PARTNER WITH US] Get instant 1-on-1 access to over 26 of the top agents in the country to help scale your business.

10 years in real estate, consistently ranked in top 5% for our market, best customer service award 2021, nominated for Best Real Estate Agent and Best Real Estate Firm by local content for 2022 [PARTNER WITH US] Get instant 1-on-1 access to over 26 of the top agents in the country to help scale your business.

10 years in real estate, consistently ranked in top 5% for our market, best customer service award 2021, nominated for Best Real Estate Agent and Best Real Estate Firm by local content for 2022 [PARTNER WITH US] Get instant 1-on-1 access to over 26 of the top agents in the country to help scale your business.

Heute erzählt Polli vom 40. Geburtstag ihrer Mama. Es waren die Kühe, die Lala auf eine wunderbare Geschenk-Idee brachten. Beteiligt daran waren: der hilfsbereite Bauer Matthis, die Kuh Martha und Polli selbst. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Heute erzählt Polli von einem Abend, den sie nie vergessen wird. Und davon, wie aus einem gewöhnlichen Gitarrenkonzert ein ganz besonders schönes Gefühl wurde. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Heute erzählt Polli von einem Baby, das einfach nicht mehr aufhören wollte zu schreien. Erst als Polli ein Zeichen von ihrer Oma aus der Ukraine bekommt, tritt wieder Ruhe ein. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Heute erzählt Polli von den Sommerferien, als Lala und sie eine Zeitungsanzeige über einen traurigen Papagei finden. Natürlich haben sie eine Idee, wie er wieder fröhlichen werden könnte. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

Heute erzählt Polli davon, wie sie kaum mehr schlafen konnte. Als Lala von ihrem Kummer hört, schickt sie Polli zu einer Ärztin für die Seele. Dort ist sie umgeben von Kindern, die ähnliche Sorgen haben. Und Polli bekommt Hilfe. (Ein Betthupferl von Ursel Böhm, erzählt von Svetlana Belesova)

(***TIMESTAMPS in description below) ~ Luis Navia is a former Cartel kingpin. For 25 years, Navia was the preeminent smuggling expert for the Mexican, Colombian, and European Cartels. He was taken down in one of the largest drug raids of all time, “Operation Journey” (2000). - BUY LUIS NAVIA's BOOK, “Pure Narco”: https://www.amazon.com/Pure-Narco-Story-Inside-Cartels/dp/1538155516  EPISODE LINKS: - Julian Dorey PODCAST MERCH: https://juliandorey.myshopify.com/ - Support our Show on PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/JulianDorey  - BUY Guest's Books & Films IN MY AMAZON STORE: https://amzn.to/3RPu952  JULIAN YT CHANNELS: - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Clips YT: https://www.youtube.com/@juliandoreyclips  - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Daily YT: https://www.youtube.com/@JulianDoreyDaily   - SUBSCRIBE to Best of JDP: https://www.youtube.com/@bestofJDP  ***TIMESTAMPS*** 0:00 - Luis: The “Keyser Soze” of the Cartels; Cartels & Morality 7:56 - Luis born in Cuba before Castro; How Luis' father got $$$ out of Cuba; Luis hated school 14:52 - Luis falls in love w/ music 18:47 - Hot Girl recruits Luis into Cartel Business 30:49 - Luis gets in w/ the Ochoa Cartel & “El Polli” 38:47 - Luis' first roles working for Cartel; Old Days Cartel Logistics & Payouts 46:49 - Luis' Great Santa Cruz Client Story; Who dealt w/ “clients” directly 50:41 - Luis becomes the Cartel logistics God; Surfer Smuggling; Luis *really* did this stuff 55:13 - Polli flees to Colombia; Joel gets killed; Why Polli trusted Luis 58:18 - Backstory of Hitman “Mario”; Why did Luis hang w/ Sicarios?; Luis views on Hitmen 1:05:00 - Luis goes “Plaxico Burress” on a gun story; Mario's *sad* fate (Story) 1:11:13 - Mario Hotel Room Story 1:14:21 - Luis kidnapped by Guerillas in Colombia; Chokoloskee Island Smuggling Operation 1:20:22 - Luis begins working w/ Medellin Transporters; Luis' scary debt to Mario Story 1:25:49 - Luis starts working w/ Mexican Cartel Kingpin Rafael Caro Quintero; “El Negro” 1:30:54 - The CIA's man in the Cartel 1:37:11 - Luis expands his distribution network & connects w/ Mob; Buying planes 1:43:48 - Panama Papers; Luis' Shell company set-up; Operation Bittersweet 1:52:39 - CIA Spy Brian Dennard; & Cartels; Kiki Camarena; CIA & C*caine Trade 2:00:43 - CIA's “Southern Air” Plane Company Front; Legalization idea; Cali Cartel 2:10:23 - Cartel asks Luis to hide Kiki Camarena Killer; Cancun Op Spot 2:13:10 - Meeting & working w/ Pablo Escobar; The Christopher Columbus Plan 2:23:24 - Luis working w/ Northern Valley Cartel in Colombia during Los Pepes Escobar Era 2:28:14 - Sinister convo w/ Monoendo; Colombia crazy in early 90s 2:33:37 - Does Luis fear death?; Luis' Havana, Cuba Scare (Story) 2:36:10 - Luis had many fake identities (Stories) 2:42:30 - Luis kidnapped by Cartel for 21 days (Story) 2:53:16 - Luis relationship with cartel kingpins “Rasguno” & Ivan Urdinola 2:57:57 - Merchandise Splattering incident; Urdinola's wife allegedly kills him 3:05:01 - Luis threatened to be fed to Crocodiles FOLLOW JULIAN DOREY: INSTAGRAM (Podcast): https://www.instagram.com/juliandoreypodcast/  INSTAGRAM (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/julianddorey/  X: https://twitter.com/julianddorey CREDITS: - Host, Producer, and Editor: Julian Dorey - In-Studio Producer & Spanish Translator: Alessi Allaman: https://www.instagram.com/allaman.docyou/ ~ Get $150 Off The Eight Sleep Pod Pro Mattress / Mattress Cover (USING CODE: “JULIANDOREY”): https://eight-sleep.ioym.net/trendifier ~ Music via Artlist.io ~ Julian Dorey Podcast Episode 221 - Luis Navia

'In italia non c'è russofobia'.

Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts gerät ein Basler Polizist ins Visier der Justiz. Ihm wird vorgeworfen, den künstlichen Süssstoff Saccharin über die Grenze nach Deutschland zu schmuggeln. Auf den Spuren eines bittersüssen Kriminalfalls. Nicht Drogen waren der Fokus von Schweizer Schmugglern um die Jahrhundertwende, sondern der künstliche Süssstoff Saccharin. Er ist zu dieser Zeit in fast ganz Europa verboten, nicht aber in der Schweiz. Viele ärmere Menschen versuchten ihr Glück mit dem Saccharin-Schmuggel – auch ein Basler Polizist? Im April 1912 erhält der Basler Polizist Adolf Schuppisser eine brisante Mitteilung: Gegen ihn liegt ein deutscher Haftbefehl vor. Ihm wird vorgeworfen, Saccharin über die Grenze zu schmuggeln. Er wird umgehend suspendiert. Ist ausgerechnet Landjäger Schuppisser einer von Hunderten Personen, die Saccharin illegal aus der Schweiz bringen? Schuppisser beteuert in zahlreichen überlieferten Briefen seine Unschuld. Er lässt die Vorwürfe nicht auf sich sitzen und geht den Weg durch die Instanzen. Was kommt dabei raus? Die Zeitblende zeichnet den Kampf des Basler Polizisten um seine Existenz nach und wartet mit unerwarteten Wendungen auf. Die Zeitblende beleuchtet, wie Saccharin überhaupt zur beliebten Schmuggelware wurde, welche wirtschaftlichen Folgen der Saccharinschmuggel hatte, wie er die Schweiz international in Bedrängnis brachte und wie der Schmuggel ablief. Dabei gab es viele mögliche Methoden, nicht zuletzt jene des Schmugglerpaars aus der Zeitschrift Nebelspalter, das das Saccharin unter seiner Kleidung über die Grenze zu bringen versuchte. Feedback, Fragen oder Wünsche bitte an zeitblende@srf.ch. Gesprächspartner: Marco Polli, Historiker Themeninput: Manuel Haldi, Recherche & Archive SRF Verwendete/weiterführende Literatur und Quellen: Administrativ-Akten des Polizeidepartements Kanton Basel-Stadt in Sachen Schuppisser-Schwarz, Adolf, betreffend Saccharinschmuggels. Handel und Gewerbe, BB 20. Merki, Christoph Maria: Die Zürich Connection: Saccharinschmuggel vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg. In: Schweizerisches Archiv für Volkskunde, Bd. 89 (1993), S.185-200. Merki, Christoph Maria: Zucker gegen Saccharin. Zur Geschichte der künstlichen Süssstoffe. Frankfurt, 1993. Polli, Marco: Zollpolitik und illegaler Handel. Schmuggel im Tessin 1868-1894. Soziale, wirtschaftliche und zwischenstaatliche Aspekte. Zürich, 1989.

Nick and Fred are back to talk about the Francis Scott Key bridge collapse, the GOAT Jack Gohlke, cowboy hat pidgeons in Vegas, the return of road rage man, and much more.

What's up GTL familia! On today's episode we're joined by Polli! She talks about her dating experiences, finding the best version of herself, and past traumas. instagram @guysthatlisten Peter @sliceofpedro Polli @pollitheism

Google is finally starting to remove third-party cookies from Chrome, a plan four years in the making. Chris Brooklier and Sarah Polli, director of marketing technology at Hearts & Science, break down how this will impact the future of digital advertising. With marketers looking for answers on how to move forward, Polli shares her wisdom, including how first-party data will only become more crucial.Plus, Polli goes in-depth on data privacy, both from a regulatory standpoint and alternative identity solutions.

Welcome back to the Book Squad Podcast! In this episode, Polli and Adam discuss all of their favorite reads of 2023. Spoiler alert: we read a TON of good books this year, and plan on reading some excellent ones in 2024, too. Thanks for listening to our truly unhinged podcast. We'll see you in the new year.  Happy reading!

Welcome back to the Book Squad Podcast! In this episode, we'll be talking all about the hot topic of banned books. How much have instances of books being banned increased over the years? What type of books do you typically find on Banned Books list? How can you make a difference by challenging these bans? You'll get answers to all that and more, including some of Polli and Adam's top picks for their favorite frequently challenged books. Have a listen, and celebrate your intellectual freedom by reading some banned books.

Welcome back to the Book Squad Podcast! It's been a couple minutes since we've last recorded an episode, and we're back with a bloody good one! In this episode we'll discuss some rumors featuring Taylor Swift, share all the details about our annual Booktoberfest extravaganza, and give some takes on Dracula that are just as spicy as paprika. And as an added bonus, Polli and Adam share their top picks of movies and tv shows to check out during Spooky Season!

7/17/23: Rolli polli fish-heads!!@gethelpdad     gethelpdad@gmail.com.This is podcast #333Get Help Dad Podcast with Bad jokes and life tips.FYI: You are a great parent!!You can send in your own parenting advice, Dad topics, tell us where you are listening from or lawn care advice to gethelpdad@gmail.com.  We are excited to hear from you.  Please let us know your Name, City/Country you are from.  [PROMO] Check out the author's "personal" best selling book Alone and Unafraid: An Alaskan Dad's guide to watching the kid while the wife is on a long trip.  (in the link below) https://www.amazon.com/dp/1072287757/

Welcome back to the Book Squad Podcast! This time around we're talking all things Summer Reading, including all of the cool prizes. (Spoiler alert: WE HAVE TOTEBAGS). We'll also be giving recommendations for a few of our favorite audiobooks, to help you reach your summer reading goals. Listen to this episode to hear which audiobook narrator Polli thinks is the emotional equivalent of butter, and to hear some of Adam's recent reads, none of which are horrifying and/or sad.

In this episode, we talk about what first made us interested in becoming librarians and then we talk about books, some more books, and oh yeah, books! Listen to hear some of Polli and Adam's favorite books about books, and feel free to suggest synonyms for "sweet", "fascinating", and "lovely" in the comments.

Welcome back to the Book Squad Podcast! In today's episode we're touching grass. Listen to hear Polli expound on her dreams of visiting Maine, Adam complain about bugs, and for our special guest Shirley to talk about an exciting nature-related event happening later this month.  Happy reading!

It is estimated almost eight million people have left Ukraine in the past 12 months. They have all had to start again, finding housing, schools and a way to earn a living. Some have managed to carry on running their businesses and others have set up new companies in the countries they now call home. Business Daily has been hearing some of their stories of remarkable resilience. Volodymyr and Regina Razumovskaya, now living in Perth, Western Australia, tell us about first leaving Donetsk in 2014 only to be forced to leave their new home and business in Kyiv eight years later. Polina Salabay describes the moment she realised she had to leave her home and dance school business behind in Lviv. She now lives in Canada and runs Polli's Dance teaching Canadian and Ukrainian children. And Anastasia Kozmina and boyfriend Oleksiyy Danko, tell us how they turned their side hustle into a business when they moved to England. Presenter / producer: Alex Bell (Image: Polli's Dance: Credit: Polina Salabay)

10 years in real estate, consistently ranked in top 5% for our market, best customer service award 2021, nominated for Best Real Estate Agent and Best Real Estate Firm by local content for 2022 [PARTNER WITH US] Get instant 1-on-1 access to over 26 of the top agents in the country to help scale your business.

10 years in real estate, consistently ranked in top 5% for our market, best customer service award 2021, nominated for Best Real Estate Agent and Best Real Estate Firm by local content for 2022 [PARTNER WITH US] Get instant 1-on-1 access to over 26 of the top agents in the country to help scale your business.

Auspiciado por Vital Full of Life. Coopera con Glenda Maldonado en este enlace. Se nota que estamos en octubre porque los animales están actuando raro; un tipo quiso comprar drogas en una excavadora, la Junta quiere espetarnos otro cargo en la factura de luz, y Twitter insiste en boicotear La Comay. Jay paró un momento de llorar para tirarle con to' al Gobernador Pilu, que dio más duro que la marcha del viernes, donde no quemaron carros como los de la Polli, que tuvo que pedir Uber pa' meter preso a Cosculluela, y a lo mejor no ha terminado de ver la entrevista que El Chombo le hizo a Don Omar. Patrones PYME: Pinnacle Financial Group ChicaDesignz Danos likes en nuestras redes sociales:  Tío Macetaminofen Sol Guzabra El George Siempre es Lunes