Podcasts about nrem

Sleep is at the very centre of our wellbeing. Getting a good night's rest is crucial for both the body and mind, allowing us to repair, reset, and be ready for whatever the day throws at us. In this session, we'll be joined by sleep specialist Dr. Michael Breus to learn about the relationship between sleep and mental health and unpack how to set ourselves up to have a good night's sleep, every night.Michael's biography:Dr. Michael Breus, Ph.D., is a double board-certified Clinical Psychologist and Clinical Sleep Specialist who has been in private practice for 23 years. He is the founder of sleepdoctor.com, and for over 14 years he served as the Sleep Expert for WebMD. Recently, he was named the Top Sleep Specialist by Reader's Digest. His expertise lies in the science of sleep and peak performance as well as treating sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and more.In this episode, we dive deep into answering the following thorny questions0:00 - Intro1:50 - Michael's journey to becoming a sleep specialist 6:30 - Why 75% of insomnia is caused by poor mental health7:45 - How CBT (therapy) is used to cure insomnia15:15 - How do you know whether you have a good quality sleep or not16:30 - How should we interpret sleep metrics17:30 - What are common disruptors of sleep17:50 - Understanding REM and NREM sleep19:15 - What test can you do when you have a poor quality of sleep21:45 - Should you take supplements to improve your sleep22:40 - What is the recommended quantity (hours) of sleep24:15 - What can you do when you wake up at night and can't go back to sleep29:00 - What is a breathing technique to calm down and fall asleep33:30 - Should you get up or try to fall back asleep35:30 - Should you take a nap before your normal bedtime when you are tired37:00 - What can you do if you are a light sleeper or have trouble falling asleep38:15 - When should you seek professional help if you have insomnia39:45 - Do sleeping pills provide you a good quality of sleep41:45 - What can you do to get better sleep if you are a shift worker or are jet-lagged44:50 - When is the best time to be intimate if you have a different chronotype to your partner48:30 - How can understanding your family member's chronotype lead to positive interactions50:00 - What is the role of sleep hygiene and the negative impact of alcohol52:00 - What is a normal amount of time we need to fall asleep54:00 - What is the connection between sleep and peak performance54:50 - What is Michael's one wellbeing practiceLearn more about Michael Breushttps://www.linkedin.com/in/thesleepdoctorLearn more about Clearhead: https://www.myclearhead.com/

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This specially designed playlist aligns with your natural sleep cycles to promote deeper, more restful sleep. It begins with a 20-minute relaxation phase to help you unwind, followed by alternating periods of silence and soft sounds that correspond with the stages of NREM and REM sleep. Why This Playlist? ========================================================== Enhances Sleep Quality: By syncing with your sleep cycles. Promotes Relaxation: Calming sounds ease you into sleep. Reduces Disturbances: Silence periods minimize disruptions during deep sleep.

Designed for a 7-hour sleep schedule, this playlist aligns with approximately 4.5 sleep cycles. It starts with calming music to ease you into sleep and incorporates periods of silence and gentle sounds that correspond with your NREM and REM sleep stages. Features ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Optimized Sleep Duration: Suitable for those needing less sleep time. Sleep Enhancement: Aims to maximize the quality of each sleep cycle. Cycle Breakdown ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cycle 1 (0:00 – 1:30) 0:00 – 0:20 (20 min): Relaxation Music/Sounds 0:20 – 1:20 (60 min): Silence (NREM Sleep) 1:20 – 1:30 (10 min): Soft Sounds (REM Sleep) Cycle 2 (1:30 – 3:00) 1:30 – 2:40 (70 min): Silence (NREM Sleep) 2:40 – 2:55 (15 min): Soft Sounds (REM Sleep) Cycle 3 (3:00 – 4:30) 3:00 – 4:15 (75 min): Silence (NREM Sleep) 4:15 – 4:35 (20 min): Soft Sounds (REM Sleep) Cycle 4 (4:30 – 6:00) 4:35 – 5:45 (70 min): Silence (NREM Sleep) 5:45 – 6:10 (25 min): Soft Sounds (REM Sleep) Cycle 5 (6:00 – 7:00) 6:10 – 6:40 (30 min): Silence (NREM Sleep) 6:40 – 7:00 (20 min): Soft Sounds/Gentle Wake-Up Sounds

im Dritten Teil zum Thema Schlaf beschäftigen wir uns endlich mit den Praxistipps: was kann ich aktiv tun (oder lassen) um meine Schlaflänge und -Qualität zu verbessern? Ich wünsche dir ganz viel Spaß mit der Folge, deine Larry Produkte: Tageslichtlampe: https://amzn.to/40jhPQB Rest In Peace: https://www.big-zone.de/Big-Zone-Rest-in-Peace-300g/RIPbz-1 Magnesium: https://www.big-zone.de/Big-Zone-Magnesium-Bisglycinat-240-Kapseln/3370 Partner: BigZone: -10% mit Larry10 Planet Foodstore: -10% mit Larissa Studienauszüge: Effects of pre-bedtime blue-light exposure on ratio of deep sleep in healthy young men, Ishizawa et. Al. 2021). Evaluation of Two Strategies for Alleviating the Impact on the Circadian Cycle of Smartphone Screens, Teran et. Al. 2020) Noise as a sleep aid, Riedy et. Al., 2021 Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep-wake regulation: state of the science and perspectives, Reichert et. Al., 2022 International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance, Guest et Al. 2021 Caffeine and adenosine, RIberio/Sebastiao, 2010 GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep, Kim et. Al, 2019 Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior, Boonstra et. Al., 2015

What's really happening when we sleep? Michael Regilio tucks us in and takes us to the alluring world of dreams and their purpose on this Skeptical Sunday! Welcome to Skeptical Sunday, a special edition of The Jordan Harbinger Show where Jordan and a guest break down a topic that you may have never thought about, open things up, and debunk common misconceptions. This time around, we’re joined by skeptic, comedian, and podcaster Michael Regilio! On This Week's Skeptical Sunday: Dreams serve important biological functions, including problem-solving, emotional processing, and memory consolidation. Scientists have observed that dreaming can improve task performance and help solve complex problems. Sleep cycles consist of four phases: NREM 1, NREM 2, NREM 3, and REM sleep. REM sleep is when most vivid dreaming occurs, and certain areas of the brain are even more active during this phase than when awake. Common dream themes exist across cultures, such as being chased, being late for an exam, or being naked in public. These may serve evolutionary purposes like threat simulation or primitive instinct rehearsal. Sleep disorders like REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) can be dangerous, as people may physically act out their dreams. Conversely, sleep paralysis prevents most people from acting out dreams but can lead to frightening experiences. Anyone can increase their chances of having lucid dreams — where you're aware you're dreaming and can sometimes control the dream – through simple techniques like regularly asking yourself if you're awake or asleep throughout the day, or setting an intention to have a lucid dream before going to sleep. Practicing these techniques can lead to fascinating dream experiences and potential benefits for problem-solving and creativity. Connect with Jordan on Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. If you have something you'd like us to tackle here on Skeptical Sunday, drop Jordan a line at jordan@jordanharbinger.com and let him know! Connect with Michael Regilio at Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, and make sure to check out the Michael Regilio Plagues Well With Others podcast here or wherever you enjoy listening to fine podcasts! Full show notes and resources can be found here: jordanharbinger.com/1060 If you love listening to this show as much as we love making it, would you please

Welcome back to THE IAS COMPANION. Follow us on YouTube: ⁠www.youtube.com/@IASCompanion⁠. Today, we will explore the fascinating altered state of consciousness—sleep. We'll discuss its mechanisms, the brain wave patterns involved, and the stages of sleep (NREM and REM). We'll also examine the effects of sleep deprivation on the body and brain. Additionally, we'll delve into the nature of dreams and explore major theories, including Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the information processing model, and the activation-synthesis hypothesis. Finally, we'll briefly touch on extra-sensory perception (ESP) and inter-sensory perception. #UPSC #IASprep #civilserviceexam #IASexamination #IASaspirants #UPSCjourney #IASexam #civilservice #IASgoals #UPSC2024 #IAS2024 #civilservant #IAScoaching #aUPSCmotivation #IASmotivation #UPSCpreparation #IASpreparation #UPSCguide #IASguide #UPSCtips #IAS #UPSCbooks #IASbooks #UPSCexamstrategy #IASexamstrategy #UPSCmentorship #IASmentorship #UPSCcommunity #IAScommunity #UPSCpreparation #IASpreparation #UPSCguide #IASguide #UPSCtips #IAStips #UPSCbooks #IASbooks #UPSCexamstrategy #IASexamstrategy #UPSCmentorship #IASmentorship #UPSCcommunity #IAScommunity

Send us a Text Message.About the guest: Luis de Lecea, PhD is a neurobiologist whose lab at Stanford University studies the neural basis of sleep & wakefulness in animals.Episode summary: Nick and Dr. de Lecea discuss: the neural basis of sleep; sleep architecture & sleep phases (NREM vs. REM sleep); orexin/hypocretin neurons & the lateral hypothalamus; cortisol & stress; circadian rhythms; neuromodulators (norepinephrine, dopamine, etc); sleep across animal species; sleep drugs; ultrasound technology; and more.Related episodes:Sleep, Dreaming, Deep Neural Networks, Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence, Overfitted Brain Hypothesis, Evolution of Fiction & Art | Erik Hoel | #43Consciousness, Anesthesia, Coma, Vegetative States, Sleep Pills (Ambien), Ketamine, AI & ChatGPT | Alex Proekt | #101*This content is never meant to serve as medical advice.Support the Show.All episodes (audio & video), show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Try Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase.Try SiPhox Health—Affordable, at-home bloodwork w/ a comprehensive set of key health marker. Use code TRIKOMES for a 10% discount.Try the Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for 10% off.Learn all the ways you can support my efforts

Aujourd'hui, nous parlons des effets de l'alcool sur le sommeil et des conséquences que cela peut avoir sur la santé. Nous aimerions vous inviter à nous laisser un commentaire et des étoiles dans votre application de podcast. Svp prenez une petite minute pour faire cela, ça aide à faire connaître notre balado et donc aide à faire en sorte que plus de personnes le trouvent et l'écoutent aussi!  Le cas de M. Tremblay (nom fictif) Un sommeil normal a une architecture, c'est-à-dire qu'il est composé de différents stades qui vont se suivre et s'alterner, pas nécessairement toujours dans le même ordre, et qui vont faire des cycles pendant la nuit. On va parler du sommeil NREM et du sommeil REM. Le NREM est le Non-Rapid Eye Movement" (Mouvements Oculaires Non Rapides) en français. Il désigne les phases du sommeil où il n'y a pas de mouvements rapides des yeux, par opposition à la phase de sommeil REM (Rapid Eye Movement) où les yeux bougent rapidement. Il y a 3 stades de NREM  et un stade de REM : Stade NREM 1 Stade NREM 2 Stade NREM 3 Sommeil REM Maintenant, comment l'alcool affecte-t-il ces stades et, donc, la qualité du sommeil? L'alcool réduit le temps nécessaire pour s'endormir, également connu sous le nom de latence d'endormissement. L'alcool augmente les réveils nocturnes L'alcool augmente le sommeil à ondes lentes L'alcool supprime le sommeil REM Le timing est important Effets persistants sur le sommeil :Un sommeil moins efficace : Moins de temps total de sommeil : Moins de sommeil de stade 1 : Moins de sommeil REM : Plus de réveils dans la seconde moitié de la nuit : Il y a aussi plus de réveils pour uriner, et cela pour deux raisons : L'apnée du sommeil Les paramètres physiologiques qui sont affectés par l'alcool : La fréquence cardiaque au repos La variabilité cardiaque La fréquence respiratoire La température corporelle L'astuce de la semaine : Il faut écouter l'épisode pour la connaître!Les messages clés de l'épisode : L'alcool est un sédatif et nous fait tomber endormi plus facilement. Tomber endormi facilement, ça peut sembler bien, mais il ne faut pas confondre “tomber dans l'inconscience” et “tomber endormi”. Quand on tombe endormi avec bcp d'alcool dans le corps, on est plutôt comme un ordi qui vient de faire un shut down, au lieu de faire sa mise à jour et son nettoyage interne, avec l'entretien de la mémoire et du disque dur. L'alcool réduit le sommeil REM. Il n'a pas beaucoup d'effet sur le sommeil profond et dans certains cas, il peut même légèrement l'augmenter. Dans l'ensemble, il diminue la quantité et la qualité du sommeil, ce qui a des implications pour la santé.Les effets négatifs de l'alcool dépendent beaucoup de la quantité qui est consommée et du temps qui s'écoule entre la dernière consommation et l'heure du coucher. Plus on boit beaucoup en quantité et/ou plus on boit proche de l'heure d'aller au lit et plus cela perturbera notre sommeil et nos paramètres physiologiques. La prise d'alcool chaque jour peut avoir des effets cumulatifs sur le cerveau et le corps via ses impacts sur le sommeil, entre autres, notamment au niveau de la mémoire. Mieux vaut ne pas en consommer chaque jour.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

In this episode of the Sleep Edit, Craig and Arielle are thrilled to welcome Dr. Sujay Kansagra of Duke University to discuss the weird and wonderful world of parasomnias, restless leg syndrome, and restless sleep disorder in children. Parasomnias include NREM parasomnias (sleep walking, hypnic jerks, night terrors) and REM parasomnias (sleep paralysis and nightmares). 00:00 Introduction and Disclaimer 01:09 Parenting Anecdotes and Guest Introduction 02:22 Journey into Medical Social Media 05:21 The Importance of Engaging Content 10:50 Understanding Parasomnias 15:25 Non-REM vs REM Parasomnias 24:26 Night Terrors and Sleepwalking 28:17 Fever Dreams and Sleep Disruptions 28:58 Genetic Predispositions and Sleep Studies 29:21 Scheduled Awakenings and Melatonin 30:23 Nightmares vs. Night Terrors 31:39 Sleepwalking Safety Tips 37:43 Understanding Restless Leg Syndrome 48:58 Restless Sleep Disorder 53:38 Final Thoughts and Parenting Advice Dr. Sujay Kansagra at Duke Health Sujay's Instagram profile Sujay's time zone video “I am the research” His excellent sleep book The rest of his links Night terrors, sleep walking, and sleep talking in children by Dr. Canapari Restless leg syndrome in children by Dr. Canapari

Maude Bouchard a développé une expertise dans le domaine du sommeil depuis plus de 15 ans, se concentrant particulièrement sur le rôle du sommeil dans la santé et la performance des individus. Elle est passionnée par le transfert de connaissances, ayant donné des centaines de conférences et d'entrevues au fil des ans. Maude détient un Ph.D. en neuropsychologie de l'Université de Montréal, où elle a étudié sous la direction du Dr Julie Carrier, une chercheure de renommée internationale en sommeil. Pendant ses études, elle a reçu plusieurs bourses prestigieuses, dont une bourse Vanier Banting, la plus haute distinction en recherche pour les étudiants au doctorat au Canada. Elle a également été professeure adjointe au City College of New York et chargée de cours à l'Université de Montréal et à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Actuellement, Maude est la directrice de la recherche et du développement chez HALEO. Cet épisode explore en profondeur la physiologie du sommeil, les impacts de la privation de sommeil, et les stratégies pour améliorer la qualité du sommeil. Maude Bouchard, partage ses connaissances sur les différents stades du sommeil (REM et NREM) et leur rôle crucial dans la santé mentale et physique. Nous abordons également les rythmes circadiens, l'importance du sommeil pour la performance cognitive, et les effets des troubles du sommeil comme l'insomnie. Des solutions telles que la thérapie cognitive comportementale, l'ajustement des chronotypes, et l'optimisation de la nutrition et de l'exercice sont discutées pour aider à améliorer la qualité du sommeil et le bien-être général Pour plus d'infos sur le podcast, l'adhésion et le site web, cliquez-ici!

Send us a Text Message.Vic admits he sometimes feels guilty for exercising his "male privilege" but should men feel guilty? Do women also have their "privilege" and does one outweigh the other? Sexomnia - an abnormal activity that occurs while an individual is asleep. Sexsomnia is characterized by an individual engaging in sexual acts while in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Lets talk about it IF YOU ARE GOOD AT SINGING, LOCAL DIVE BAR KARAOKE IS NOT FOR YOU. STFU!!Baby Reindeer is wildCrumbl Cookie has their best flavor this weekWanna feel old? Mean Girls turned 20 this week. Enjoy your day :)Lakers lose to the Nuggets (mini rant) The boys agree they should've just gone to Stagecoach & MORE!!!TRIVIA: Women read THIS 45% longer than men. What is it? (answer at the end of episode!)Find Vic: @vicdradioFind the pod:@ilysayitbackpodFind Producer Eric@lifeofevera

The surprising science behind sleep - what causes us to fall asleep, what is REM sleep for, what is NREM sleep for, and what are the 3 biggest health benefits of sleep? Today's episode is part 1 of 3 on sleep. Today we'll talk about sleep science, part 2 will be above 5 bad habits to avoid, and part 3 will be 6 strategies to fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer.You're listening to The Best You Podcast, where we teach you the healthy habits you need to look and feel like your Best You. My name is Nick Carrier and I'm an entrepreneur and body optimization coach who has coached over 600 people through my program - The 10-Week Transformation. The 10-WT makes it simple for former athletes who struggle to prioritize health and fitness to regain the confidence in their health that they once had. If this is your first time here make sure you click follow on the Apple Podcast App or Spotify so you don't miss out on learning the latest and greatest healthy habits to form. Looking for an at-home fitness program that holds you accountable to working out and eating healthy? Try out the 1-Week FREE Trial of the 10-Week Transformation and receive:-        3 workouts-        Breakfast, lunch, and dinner recipesAnd see if it's a good fit for you. Try the 1-Week FREE Trial at:www.nickcarrier.com/freetrial

What are nightmares, and why do we have them? Patrick McNamara, an experimental neuroscientist who studies the neurobiology of sleep, dreams, and religion, believes nightmares have both important spiritual and emotional functions for our minds. While nightmares can be deeply unpleasant, they have been experienced and recorded by humans for thousands of years, and historically those who were able to withstand and control their nightmares were held in high societal regard — appointed as spiritual guides, or shamans. Beyond the spiritual, McNamara explains that nightmares can provide insights into the neurobiology of our REM sleep, where we can confront and process trauma. Nightmares can create a kind of exposure therapy, assisting emotional regulation and helping to maintain healthy emotional responses to the environment. That's why REM sleep is crucial for processing emotional trauma: it allows us to integrate traumatic experiences into our long-term memory stores. chapters: 0:00 When REM sleep goes off the rails 0:30 Your brain on nightmares 1:33 Investigating religious nightmares & demonic possession 3:52 Those who conquer demons 4:45 REM neurobiology: Trauma processing About Patrick McNamara: Patrick McNamara is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Northcentral University. He also holds appointments in the departments of Neurology at the University of Minnesota and Boston University School of Medicine. He is a founding editor of Religion, Brain & Behavior, the flagship journal for the emerging field of neuroscience of religion. McNamara's current research centers on the evolution of the frontal lobes, the evolution of the two mammalian sleep states (REM and NREM), and the evolution of religion in human cultures. McNamara is the editor of Where God and Science Meet and Science and World Religions, and the author of The Neuroscience of Religious Experience (Cambridge University Press), Religion, Neuroscience and the Self: A New Personalism (Routledge), and numerous publications on the neurology and psychology of religion. McNamara is a John Templeton Foundation award recipient for his research project The Neurology of Religious Cognition. Get Smarter Faster, With Daily Episodes From The Worlds Biggest Thinkers. Follow Big Think Share This Episode With A Friend Leave A 5 Star Review --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bigthink/message Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This interview is an episode from @The-Well, our publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the @JohnTempletonFoundation. Neuroscientist Patrick McNamara emphasizes the importance of REM sleep, during which we dream, in fueling human creativity and cultural progression. He explains that during REM sleep, our brains cultivate an atmosphere conducive to fostering connections between unrelated concepts, leading to uniquely human, innovative outcomes. A notable feature of REM sleep is its ability to merge disparate ideas to generate inventive solutions to problems. Despite the modern world's diminished appreciation for dreams, McNamara points out that traditional societies have always respected their transformative abilities. By effectively utilizing REM sleep, we can potentially unlock hidden creative abilities and address significant challenges that humanity confronts. Given the significant value we place on innovation, McNamara's insights regarding the power of the dream state could revolutionize our strategies toward problem-solving. He posits that by reassessing our engagement with the dream state, we could discover novel solutions to global issues, thereby facilitating cultural evolution. Chapters: 0:00 “REM sleep is what has made us special.” 1:15 22% of our sleep time is in REM state 2:04 Why did we evolve for REM sleep? 3:17 3 ways to harness REM sleep 4:09 Reverence for the dream state About Patrick McNamara: Patrick McNamara is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Northcentral University. He also holds appointments in the departments of Neurology at the University of Minnesota and Boston University School of Medicine. He is a founding editor of Religion, Brain & Behavior, the flagship journal for the emerging field of neuroscience of religion. McNamara's current research centers on the evolution of the frontal lobes, the evolution of the two mammalian sleep states (REM and NREM), and the evolution of religion in human cultures. McNamara is the editor of Where God and Science Meet and Science and World Religions, and the author of The Neuroscience of Religious Experience (Cambridge University Press), Religion, Neuroscience and the Self: A New Personalism (Routledge), and numerous publications on the neurology and psychology of religion. McNamara is a John Templeton Foundation award recipient for his research project The Neurology of Religious Cognition. Get Smarter Faster, With Daily Episodes From The Worlds Biggest Thinkers. Follow Big Think Share This Episode With A Friend Leave A 5 Star Review --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bigthink/message Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dass Schlafen gar nicht so eine einfache Sache ist, wissen viele Menschen, die unter Schlafstörungen leiden. Diese komplexe Sache hat viele wichtige Funktionen - und Forschenden lange Rätsel aufgegeben. Vom Schlaflabor bis zum zirkadianen Rhythmus, von Schlafstörungen bis zu Parkinson-Therapien - Wissenschaftsjournalist Patric Seibel hat sich durch die aktuelle Forschung zum Schlaf gearbeitet. Im Gespräch mit Host Lucie Kluth erklärt er, warum Schlaf immer schon mehr getan hat, als nur den frühen Menschen davor zu bewahren, gegen im Dunkeln gegen die Höhlendecke zu laufen. Er hat Forschende dabei begleitet, erstaunliche neue Erkenntnisse zu entwickeln und erzählt von einer möglichen neuen Therapie-Methode für Parkinson-Erkrankte. Die Hintergrundinformationen: Historischer Überblick über wissenschaftliches und kulturelles Wissen über den Schlaf im 20. Jahrhundert: Ahlheim, H. Der Traum vom Schlaf im 20. Jahrhundert, Konstanz, Wallstein-Verlag 2018 Wie hängen Schlaf, Stimmung mit Licht und dem Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus zusammen: Blume C, Garbazza C, Spitschan M. Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood. Somnologie (Berl). 2019 Sep; 23(3):147-156. doi: 10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31534436; PMCID: PMC6751071. Wie wir im Schlaf Erinnerungen abspeichern: Diekelmann, S, Born, J. The memory function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci 11, 114–126 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2762 Wir speichern vor allem Erinnerungen, die wir für wichtig halten: Barner, C, Werner, A-S, Schörk, S, Born, J, Diekelmann, S. The effects of sleep and targeted memory reactivation on the consolidation of relevant and irrelevant information, Sleep, 25 May 2023, Volume 2 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frsle.2023.1187170 Christian Baumann zu Schlafqualität, Digitalisierung und Gesundheit: Baumann, C. Forum Schlaf und Digitalisierung, Universitätsspital Zürich, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWixfX4d5dk, abgerufen 23.08.2023 Zum Zusammenhang zwischen verminderter Schlafqualität im Tiefschlaf und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie Parkinson: Schreiner, S, Imbach, L, Valko, P, Maric, A, Maqkaj, R, Werth, E, Baumann, C, Baumann-Vogel, H. Reduced regional NREM sleep slow-wave activity is associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson Disease, Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 2021, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.618101, Wie wir im Schlaf lernen: Born, J. Lernen im Schlaf, ein Interview mit dem Schlafforscher Jan Born, Magazin der Techniker-Krankenkasse, https://www.tk.de/techniker/magazin/life-balance/besser-schlafen/schlaf-lernen-gedaechtnis-interview-jan-born-2059292, abgerufen 23.08.2023 Neue hirnanatomische Einblicke in die Gedächtnisbildung: Eschenko, O. Wie das Gedächtnis im Schlaf aufgebaut wird, Forschungsbericht 2012 - Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik, https://www.mpg.de/6804083/jb_2012, abgerufen 23.08.2023 Und hier geht es zum Wissenschaftspodcast unserer Kolleg*innen vom Bayerischen Rundfunk, radioWissen: https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/radiowissen/5945518/

Dass Schlafen gar nicht so eine einfache Sache ist, wissen viele Menschen, die unter Schlafstörungen leiden. Diese komplexe Sache hat viele wichtige Funktionen - und Forschenden lange Rätsel aufgegeben. Vom Schlaflabor bis zum zirkadianen Rhythmus, von Schlafstörungen bis zu Parkinson-Therapien - Wissenschaftsjournalist Patric Seibel hat sich durch die aktuelle Forschung zum Schlaf gearbeitet. Im Gespräch mit Host Lucie Kluth erklärt er, warum Schlaf immer schon mehr getan hat, als nur den frühen Menschen davor zu bewahren, gegen im Dunkeln gegen die Höhlendecke zu laufen. Er hat Forschende dabei begleitet, erstaunliche neue Erkenntnisse zu entwickeln und erzählt von einer möglichen neuen Therapie-Methode für Parkinson-Erkrankte. Die Hintergrundinformationen: Historischer Überblick über wissenschaftliches und kulturelles Wissen über den Schlaf im 20. Jahrhundert: Ahlheim, H. Der Traum vom Schlaf im 20. Jahrhundert, Konstanz, Wallstein-Verlag 2018 Wie hängen Schlaf, Stimmung mit Licht und dem Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus zusammen: Blume C, Garbazza C, Spitschan M. Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood. Somnologie (Berl). 2019 Sep; 23(3):147-156. doi: 10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31534436; PMCID: PMC6751071. Wie wir im Schlaf Erinnerungen abspeichern: Diekelmann, S, Born, J. The memory function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci 11, 114–126 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2762 Wir speichern vor allem Erinnerungen, die wir für wichtig halten: Barner, C, Werner, A-S, Schörk, S, Born, J, Diekelmann, S. The effects of sleep and targeted memory reactivation on the consolidation of relevant and irrelevant information, Sleep, 25 May 2023, Volume 2 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/frsle.2023.1187170 Christian Baumann zu Schlafqualität, Digitalisierung und Gesundheit: Baumann, C. Forum Schlaf und Digitalisierung, Universitätsspital Zürich, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWixfX4d5dk, abgerufen 23.08.2023 Zum Zusammenhang zwischen verminderter Schlafqualität im Tiefschlaf und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie Parkinson: Schreiner, S, Imbach, L, Valko, P, Maric, A, Maqkaj, R, Werth, E, Baumann, C, Baumann-Vogel, H. Reduced regional NREM sleep slow-wave activity is associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson Disease, Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 2021, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2021.618101, Wie wir im Schlaf lernen: Born, J. Lernen im Schlaf, ein Interview mit dem Schlafforscher Jan Born, Magazin der Techniker-Krankenkasse, https://www.tk.de/techniker/magazin/life-balance/besser-schlafen/schlaf-lernen-gedaechtnis-interview-jan-born-2059292, abgerufen 23.08.2023 Neue hirnanatomische Einblicke in die Gedächtnisbildung: Eschenko, O. Wie das Gedächtnis im Schlaf aufgebaut wird, Forschungsbericht 2012 - Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik, https://www.mpg.de/6804083/jb_2012, abgerufen 23.08.2023 Und hier geht es zum Wissenschaftspodcast unserer Kolleg*innen vom Bayerischen Rundfunk, radioWissen: https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/radiowissen/5945518/

The average person spends 26 years of their life sleeping. That is approximately one-third of our entire lives spent asleep. Yet, the importance of sleep in health is often misunderstood and under-appreciated. Sleep plays a critical role in overall health, impacting every major organ in the body, every physiological system, and every brain process. Still, many adults do not get the recommended amount of sleep every night. In this episode, host Brian Browne and co-host Lizzy Rasmussen discuss the science of sleep, the role of sleep in brain and overall health, common sleep disorders, how sleep changes as we age and the link between sleep and Alzheimer's Disease, how to optimize your sleep, and more. Timestamps: 0:45 Introduction 1:14 Why do we sleep? 3:00 Sleep types and stages: REM & NREM 1-4 6:43 The Circadian Rhythm 10:55 Disordered sleep: working the night shift 13:56 Disordered sleep: the role of alcohol in sleep disruption 16:00 Disordered sleep: sleep apnea 17:52 Disordered sleep: insomnia 19:14 Impact of aging on sleep: reduced quantity/quality, reduced efficiency, and earlier melatonin release 23:14 Adenosine “sleep pressure” & the impact of napping 25:50 Impact of aging on sleep: age-related changes to the Circadian Rhythm 26:15 Sleep and brain health: memory, learning, concentration, processing speed 29:32 Sleep & Alzheimer's Disease Follow us on social media @neuro.nutritionist@liztalksscience@brainhealth365

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.14.549070v1?rss=1 Authors: Martinez, J. D., Wilson, L. G., Brancaleone, W., Peterson, K., Popke, D. S., Caicedo Garzon, V., Perez Tremble, R., Donnelly, M. J., Mendez Ortega, S., Torres, D., Shaver, J., Clawson, B. C., Jiang, S., Yang, Z., Aton, S. Abstract: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a highly-prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss itself negatively impacts cognitive function, yet the contribution of sleep loss to impaired cognition in FXS is vastly understudied. One untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We hypothesized that restoration of sleep-dependent mechanisms could improve functions such as memory consolidation in FXS. We examined whether administration of ML297, a hypnotic drug acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium channels, could restore sleep phenotypes and improve disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1-/y mice. Using 24-h polysomnographic recordings, we found that Fmr1-/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM sleep architecture, alterations in NREM EEG spectral power (including reductions in sleep spindles), and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas. These alterations were reversed in the hours following ML297 administration. Hypnotic treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning also ameliorated disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1-/y mice. Hippocampal activation patterns during memory recall was altered in Fmr1-/y mice, reflecting an altered balance of activity among principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. This phenotype was partially reversed by post-learning ML297 administration. These studies suggest that sleep disruption could have a major impact on neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in FXS, and that hypnotic therapy may significantly improve disrupted cognition in this disorder. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547586v1?rss=1 Authors: Salazar Leon, L. E., Brown, A. M., Kaku, H., Sillitoe, R. V. Abstract: Purkinje cell dysfunction causes movement disorders such as ataxia, however, recent evidence suggests that Purkinje cell dysfunction may also alter sleep regulation. Here, we used an ataxia mouse model generated by silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission (L7Cre;Vgatfx/fx) to better understand how cerebellar dysfunction impacts sleep physiology. We focused our analysis on sleep architecture and electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns based on their relevance to extracting physiological measurements during sleep. We found that circadian activity is unaltered in the mutant mice, although their sleep parameters and ECoG patterns are modified. The L7Cre;Vgatfx/fx mutant mice have decreased wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is increased. The mutant mice have an extended latency to REM sleep, which is also observed in human ataxia patients. Spectral analysis of ECoG signals revealed alterations in the power distribution across different frequency bands defining sleep. Therefore, Purkinje cell dysfunction may influence wakefulness and equilibrium of distinct sleep stages in ataxia. Our findings posit a connection between cerebellar dysfunction and disrupted sleep and underscore the importance of examining cerebellar circuit function in sleep disorders. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

No organismo há dois estados comportamentais: sono e vigília; importante ressaltar que um depende do outro. Sono é um estado fisiológico de um momento de redução da percepção do meio em que estamos com relaxamento musculares; é um estado comportamental reversível, onde há despertar para alguns estímulos específicos. As principais características fisiológicas são: coração bater mais fraco, bexiga retém mais urina e rim filtra menos urina. Durante o sono o cérebro esta ativo, porém de maneira diferente em relação a vigília. A postura habitual do sono porém o sono pode ocorrer em pacientes que estão de pé nas parassonias, como por exemplo no sonambulismo, terror noturno, despertar do sono dissociado. A principal função do sono produção e liberação da melatonina. Além disso, ocorre liberação de hormônios que regulam a pressão arterial sistêmica, regulação e manutenção dos circuitos neurais, reutilização da memória para redefinir as conexões neurais, preservação da cognição, regenera células, reduz a atuação do sistema simpática que ajuda a reduzir a atividade cardíaca, efeitos antinflamatórios, modulação do comportamento, entre outros. Se alguém tiver algum processo biológico (apneia, pernas inquietas, etc) que reduz o sono pode ter prejuízo nas funções do sono. Há tres tipos de pessoas em relação ao horário do sono: vespertinos, matutinos e intermediários. Matutinos são aqueles que o sono vem mais cedo e vai embora mais cedo. Vespertinos são aqueles que o sono vem mais tarde e vai embora mais tarde; os intermediários sao a maioria da população. Importante ressaltar que o vespertino dificilmente vira um matutino e vice versa. Se alguém tentar essa tranformaçao haverá sérios problemas de saúde em relação às funções do sono. Importante ressaltar que o sono tem importante função no sistema imunológico, onde há fortalecimento das células sanguíneas de combate a infecção, liberação de interleucinas e liberação dos radicais livres. Por isso que é natural as pessoas sentirem mais sono durante infecções. Os principais hormônios liberados no sono são o hormônio do crescimento (GH) e melatonina. Quanto tempo tenho que dormir? A resposta correta é dormir o quanto o corpo esta pedindo que pode ser uma pouco mais ou menos da média. Quanto mais tempo ficamos acordados maior a tendencia de vontade para dormir. Existe um sistema que abre as "porteiras" do descanso e avisa que o corpo precisa de descansar, ou seja, o timer das células é avisado da necessidade de descanso. A glândula pineal é avisada que esta no timer de descanso e libera a melatonina que "avisa" as células do corpo da necessidade de descanso. Por observação as pessoas dormem 8h em geral. O sono tem 2 grandes etapas: fase REM (rapit eyes moviments) e fase NREM (nao rem). O NREM é o sono profundo que é a primeira fase. Sono REM é a segunda fase do sono onde o despertar é mais fácil. A maior parte dos sonhos ocorre na fase REM e possivelmente é a fase de modulação da memória e emocional. O maior relaxamento muscular ocorre no sono REM para que não haja movimentos do corpo nos sonhos (interação do corpo no sonho). Nesta fase ocorre roncos e apneia do sono por relaxamento excessivo da musculatura das vias respiratórias. Quando a pessoa tem vontade de dormir depois do acumulo, os alertas devem ser inibidos e essa vontade deve ser respeitada para a fase NREM do sono: é mais importante relaxar para dormir do que dormir para relaxar. Quais fatores que influenciam o sono? Barulho, agitação, luz intensa, drogas e estimulantes cerebrais (cafeína, cigarro), pensamento que pode gerar calma e tranquilidade ou agitação e estado de alerta (preocupações, stress, etc). Para dormir tem que ter local adequado e tempo para dormir. Insônia ê um sintoma noturno que é a dificuldade de iniciar o sono ou continuar o sono. Ela vai levar a um problema diurno como cansaço, stress, irritação, falta de concentração, etc. #insonia #sono #apneiadosono

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.28.546981v1?rss=1 Authors: Blanco-Duque, C., Bond, S. A., Krone, L. B., Dufour, J.-P., Gillen, E. C. P., Kahn, M. C., Purple, R. J., Bannerman, D. M., Mann, E. O., Achermann, P., Olbrich, E., Vyazovskiy, V. V. Abstract: Sleep spindles are traditionally defined as 10-15Hz thalamo-cortical oscillations typical of NREM sleep. While substantial heterogeneity in the appearance or spatio-temporal dynamics of spindle events is well recognised, the physiological relevance of the underlying fundamental property -the oscillatory strength - has not been studied. Here we introduce a novel metric called oscillatory Quality (o-Quality), which is derived by fitting an auto-regressive model to short segments of electrophysiological signals, recorded from the cortex in mice, to identify and calculate the damping of spindle oscillations. We find that the o-Quality of spindles varies markedly across cortical layers and regions and reflects the level of synchrony within and between cortical networks. Furthermore, the o-Quality of spindles varies as a function of sleep-wake history, determines the strength of coupling between spindles and slow waves, and influences the responsiveness to sensory stimulation during sleep. Thus, the o-Quality emerges as a metric that, for the first time, directly links the spatio-temporal dynamics of sleep spindles with their functional role. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.29.546822v1?rss=1 Authors: Leach, S., Krugliakova, E., Sousouri, G., Snipes, S., Scorucak, J., Schuehle, S., Mueller, M., Ferster, M. L., Da Poian, G., Karlen, W., Huber, R. Abstract: The pivotal role of sleep in memory consolidation is widely acknowledged, yet which specific electrophysiological components drive this process remains a topic of intense debate. To unveil this process, a neuromodulation approach enabling the precise manipulation of specific oscillations is necessary. Here, we combined phase-targeted auditory stimulation (PTAS) during sleep in combination with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) to specifically evoke K-complexes (KCs), a prominent oscillation during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Over the course of two nights, one with PTAS, the other without, data from 14 young healthy adults were recorded. By targeting the down-phase of slow waves, auditory stimuli selectively evoked KCs. Strikingly, these evoked KCs were associated with improved verbal memory consolidation via enhanced cross-frequency coupling between slow waves and spindles in a right frontal region. This finding suggests that evoked KCs actively participate in the hippocampal-neocortical dialogue and thereby drive the consolidation of memories during sleep. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.23.546302v1?rss=1 Authors: Anjum, M. F., Smyth, C., Dijk, D.-J., Starr, P., Denison, T., Little, S. Abstract: Background: Sleep disturbance is a prevalent and highly disabling comorbidity in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) that leads to worsening of daytime symptoms, accelerated disease progression and reduced quality of life. Objectives: We aimed to investigate changes in sleep neurophysiology in PD particularly during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, both in the presence and absence of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods: Multi-night (n=58) intracranial recordings were performed at-home, from chronic electrocorticography and subcortical electrodes, with sensing-enabled DBS pulse generators, paired with portable polysomnography. Four people with PD and one person with cervical dystonia were evaluated to determine the neural structures, signals and connections modulated during NREM sleep and prior to spontaneous awakenings. Recordings were performed both ON and OFF DBS in the presence of conventional dopaminergic replacement medications. Results: We demonstrate an increase in cortico-basal slow wave activity in delta (1-4 Hz) and a decrease in beta (13-31 Hz) during NREM (N2 and N3) versus wakefulness in PD. Cortical-subcortical coherence was also found to be higher in the delta range and lower in the beta range during NREM versus wakefulness. DBS stimulation resulted in a further elevation in cortical delta and a decrease in alpha (8-13 Hz) and low beta (13-15 Hz) power compared to the OFF stimulation state. During NREM sleep, we observed a strong inverse interaction between subcortical beta and cortical slow wave activity and found that subcortical beta increases prior to spontaneous awakenings. Conclusions: Chronic, multi-night recordings in PD reveal opposing sleep stage specific modulations of cortico-basal slow wave activity in delta and subcortical beta power and connectivity in NREM, effects that are enhanced in the presence of DBS. Within NREM specifically, subcortical beta and cortical delta are strongly inversely correlated and subcortical beta power is found to increase prior to and predict spontaneous awakenings. We find that DBS therapy appears to improve sleep in PD partially through direct modulation of cortico-basal beta and delta oscillations. Our findings help elucidate a contributory mechanism responsible for sleep disturbances in PD and highlight potential biomarkers for future precision neuromodulation therapies targeting sleep and spontaneous awakenings. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

This week, Dana invites Dr. Laura Goodman back to discuss the negative impacts of Eastern Redcedar on our nations grasslands. They discuss how the Eastern Redcedar has become commonplace in our grasslands across the U.S. and the importance of control to maintain rangeland health. Sources for this episode include: Eastern Redcedar as a Hazardous Fuel [ Read More ]

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.28.538324v1?rss=1 Authors: Chiem, E., Zhao, K., Stark, G., Ghiani, C. A., Colwell, C. S., Paul, K. N. Abstract: Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are common features of Huntington's disease (HD). HD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that affects men and women in equal numbers. Epidemiological studies as well as preclinical work indicate that there may be sex differences in disease progression. Since sex differences in HD could provide important insights to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms, we used the bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse model of HD (BACHD) to examine whether sex differences in circadian behavioral rhythms are detectable in an animal model of the disease. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure sleep/wake states and EEG patterns in young adult (3 month-old) male and female wild-type and BACHD mice. Our findings show that male, but not female, BACHD mice exhibited increased variation in phases of the rhythms as compared to age and sex matched wild-types. For both REM and NREM sleep, genotypic and sex differences were detected. In particular, For NREM sleep, the BACHD males slept less and exhibited a more fragmented sleep than the other groups. Both male and female BACHD mice exhibited significant changes in delta but not in gamma power compared to wild-type mice. Finally, in response to a 6-hrs sleep deprivation, both genotypes and sexes displayed appropriate homeostatic responses. These findings suggest that females are relatively protected early in disease progression in this HD mode. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.22.537937v1?rss=1 Authors: McLaren, J. R., Luo, Y., Kwon, H., Shi, W., Kramer, M. A., Chu, C. J. Abstract: Objective: Epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disease characterized by abundant epileptiform spikes during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. The mechanism of cognitive dysfunction is unknown, but treatment with high-dose diazepam may improve symptoms. Spike rate does not predict treatment response, but spikes may disrupt sleep spindles. We hypothesized that in patients with EE-SWAS: 1) spikes and spindles would be anticorrelated, 2) high-dose diazepam would increase spindles and decrease spikes, and 3) spindle response would be greater in those with cognitive improvement. Methods: Consecutive EE-SWAS patients treated with high-dose diazepam that met criteria were included. Using a validated automated spindle detector, spindle rate, duration, and percentage were computed in pre- and post-treatment NREM sleep. Spikes were quantified using a validated automated spike detector. Cognitive response was determined from chart review. Results: Spindle rate was anticorrelated with spike rate in the channel with the maximal spike rate (p=0.002) and averaged across all channels (p=0.0005). Spindle rate, duration, and percentage each increased, and spike rate decreased, after high-dose diazepam treatment (p less than or equal to 2e-5, all tests). Spindle rate, duration, and percentage (p less than or equal to 0.004, all tests) were increased in patients with cognitive improvement after treatment, but not those without. Changes in spike rate did not distinguish between groups. Interpretation: These findings confirm thalamocortical disruption in EE-SWAS, identify a mechanism through which benzodiazepines may support cognitive recovery, and introduce sleep spindles as a promising mechanistic biomarker to detect treatment response in severe epileptic encephalopathies. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

This week, Dana joins Dr. Dwayne Elmore for a discussion on the spring and summer preparations hunters and landowners can do to prepare for fall hunting season. OSU Factsheet – Quality Deer Management in Oklahoma OSU Factsheet – Reducing Mortality of Grassland Wildlife During Haying and Wheat Harvesting Operations OSU Factsheet – White-tailed deer Habitat [ Read More ]

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.28.530401v1?rss=1 Authors: Ujma, P. P., Bodizs, R., Dresler, M., Simor, P., Purcell, S., Stone, K., Yaffe, K., Redline, S. Abstract: Human cognitive performance is a key function whose biological foundations have been partially revealed by genetic and brain imaging studies. The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is tightly linked to structural and functional features of the central nervous system and serves as another promising biomarker. We used data from MrOS, a large cohort of older men and cross-validated regularized regression to link sleep EEG features to cognitive performance in cross-sectional analyses. In independent validation samples 2.5-10% of variance in cognitive performance can be accounted for by sleep EEG features, depending on the covariates used. Demographic characteristics accounted for more covariance between sleep EEG and cognition than health variables, and consequently reduced this association by a greater degree, but even with the strictest covariate sets a statistically significant association was present. Sigma power in NREM and beta power in REM sleep were associated with better cognitive performance, while theta power in REM sleep was associated with worse performance, with no substantial effect of coherence and other sleep EEG metrics. Our findings show that cognitive performance is associated with the sleep EEG (r=0.283), with the strongest effect ascribed to spindle-frequency activity. This association becomes weaker after adjusting for demographic (r=0.186) and health variables (r=0.155), but its resilience to covariate inclusion suggest that it also partially reflects trait-like differences in cognitive ability. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.18.529057v1?rss=1 Authors: Gheres, K. W., Unsal, H. S., Han, X., Turner, K. L., Zhang, Q., Zhang, N., Drew, P. J. Abstract: In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

REM sleep is vital to a healthy mind and mood. Here are 5 ways you can improve your REM sleep tonight. During a good night's sleep, you will go through four to six 90-minute cycles of sleep. There are four stages in each cycle. These are broken up into NREM (non-REM) and REM. Dr. Berg's Keto and IF Lab: https://www.facebook.com/groups/drbergslab/ How to Bulletproof your Immune System FREE Course: https://bit.ly/39Ry3s2 FREE MINI-COURSE ➜ ➜ Take Dr. Berg's Free Keto Mini-Course! ADD YOUR SUCCESS STORY HERE: https://bit.ly/3z9TviS Find Your Body Type: https://www.drberg.com/body-type-quiz Talk to a Product Advisor to find the best product for you! Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Dr. Berg's products. Product Advisors are available Monday through Friday 8 am - 6 pm and Saturday 9 am - 5 pm EST. At this time, we no longer offer Keto Consulting and our Product Advisors will only be advising on which product is best for you and advise on how to take them. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. Dr. Berg's Website: http://bit.ly/37AV0fk Dr. Berg's Recipe Ideas: http://bit.ly/37FF6QR Dr. Berg's Reviews: http://bit.ly/3hkIvbb Dr. Berg's Shop: http://bit.ly/3mJcLxg Dr. Berg's Bio: http://bit.ly/3as2cfE Dr. Berg's Health Coach Training: http://bit.ly/3as2p2q Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/drericberg Messenger: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drericberg/ YouTube: http://bit.ly/37DXt8C Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/drericberg/

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.09.527916v1?rss=1 Authors: Leon, L. E. S., Sillitoe, R. V. Abstract: Although dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, patients often also experience debilitating nonmotor defects including impaired sleep. The cerebellum is a central component of a ''dystonia network'' that plays various roles in sleep regulation. Importantly, the primary driver of sleep impairments in dystonia remains poorly understood. The cerebellum, along with other nodes in the motor circuit, could disrupt sleep. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum might alter sleep and mobility. To disentangle the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motion and sleep, we generated two mouse genetic models of dystonia that have overlapping cerebellar circuit miswiring but show differing motor phenotype severity: Ptf1aCre;Vglut2fx/fx and Pdx1Cre;Vglut2fx/fxmice. In both models, excitatory climbing fiber to Purkinje cell neurotransmission is blocked, but only the Ptf1aCre;Vglut2fx/fx mice have severe twisting. Using in vivo ECoG and EMG recordings we found that both mutants spend greater time awake and in NREM sleep at the expense of REM sleep. The increase in awake time is driven by longer awake bouts rather than an increase in bout number. We also found a longer latency to reach REM in both mutants, which is similar to what is reported in human dystonia. We uncovered independent but parallel roles for cerebellar circuit dysfunction and motor defects in promoting sleep quality versus posture impairments in dystonia. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Today we're going to talk about the importance of sleep and different peptide therapy options available to help with sleep.  Before we talk about why sleep is so important, I think it's necessary to go over what happens during sleep. When we're sleeping, we go through several sleep cycles. And, in each of these sleep cycles, you go through different stages of sleep.  There are two main stages of sleep: rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.  After you fall asleep, your sleep cycles will mostly be NREM sleep. During this time, you'll have three sleep phases: two light and a deep sleep phase.   After you've been asleep for about 6 hours, most of your sleep will be REM sleep. This is the stage when you are dreaming occurs.  So what is the importance of this? Deep sleep and REM sleep help your body in different ways. Deep sleep helps your body heal. Research has shown that muscle growth, tissue repair, and growth hormone release occur during deep sleep. It's also shown that REM sleep is vital for learning new information, brain development, and emotional regulation.  How much sleep do you need? Individual sleeping requirements can vary depending on age, overall health, medications, underlying sleep disorders, and lifestyle. The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults ages 18 to 60 should get 7 or more hours per night while adults 61 to 64 should get 7 to 9 hours per night. If you're 65 years and older, getting 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night is recommended. Not only is it important to get the correct amount of sleep, but your body also needs quality sleep. But how can you know if you've had good sleep? You can usually define your sleep quality by how you feel the next day.  If you wake up feeling well-rested, energized, and refreshed, it's likely because you've had quality sleep.  What can affect sleep quality? Many things can affect your sleep quality ranging from medical conditions (e.g., chronic pain, anxiety, depression) to the medications you take or just having a stressful day at home or work. But trying to create a sleep-friendly environment by avoiding technology before bed and avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed may help. What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Let's face it. It's normal to have occasional sleepless nights. Maybe you had a stressful day at work, a sick family member, or one too many cocktails at your friend's party. The next day, you wake up feeling groggy and irritated and unable to concentrate at work. The good news is that this feeling shall pass. But for some people, the physical health problems associated with sleeping problems (lack of sleep for 3 months or longer), increase their risk of depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and unintentional weight gain. They can also have decreased immune function and get sick more often. What peptides may help with sleep problems? DSIP (Delta Sleep-Induced Peptide) has been shown to promote delta wave sleep (deep sleep). In studies, disturbed sleep was normalized when injections of DSIP were given. Better performance and increased alertness were seen during awake cycles, along with improved stress tolerance and coping behavior.   Selank is typically used as an "anti-anxiety" peptide. It does this by enhancing the effects of GABA, thus reducing anxiety. But it also increases serotonin levels. Serotonin influences our appetite and mood and regulates our sleep-wake cycle. Low serotonin levels can lead to depression and insomnia. Therefore, if you take Selank and increase your serotonin levels, you may improve your sleep balance. As we get older, growth hormone secretion decreases. As a result, it's common for aging people to experience a decline in strength and energy as well as other age-related changes like increased body fat, decreased lean muscle mass, loss of skin elasticity, and poor sleep. Growth hormone-releasing hormones (or GHRHs) like CJC 1295 and Tesamorelin and growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) like Ipamorelin promote the increase in growth hormone and enhance sleep quality. Thanks again for listening to The Peptide Podcast; we love having you as part of our community. If you love this podcast, please share it with your friends and family on social media, and have a happy, healthy week! Pro Tips We're huge advocates of using daily collagen peptide supplements in your routine to help with skin, nail, bone, and joint health. But what do you know about peptides for health and wellness? Giving yourself a peptide injection can be scary or confusing. But we've got you covered. Check out 6 tips to make peptide injections easier. And, make sure you have the supplies you'll need. This may include syringes, needles, alcohol pads, and a sharps container.

Does exercise have an impact on the quantity and quality of your sleep? The National Sleep Foundation's annual poll found that individuals who exercised frequently (defined as three times or more a week) reported sleeping with a higher quality than those who exercised less than once a week.  Exercise has also been shown to increase the release of endorphins, which can improve mood and promote feelings of relaxation, both of which can contribute to better sleep.As with most things, moderation is key. Overexertion can have negative effects on sleep, so it's important to find a balance that works for you. It's also important to consider the timing of your exercise as engaging in vigorous activity too close to bedtime may make it difficult to fall asleep. On the other hand, some research suggests that low-intensity exercise performed in the evening can actually improve sleep.Exercise has been shown to lead to longer sleep duration in both healthy individuals and those with sleep disorders, and it may also lead to improved sleep efficiency. One study found that moderate intensity exercise led to a 65% improvement in sleep efficiency, while another found that high intensity exercise resulted in a 34% improvement.In addition to these benefits, exercise may also lead to deeper stages of sleep and a decrease in the number of awakenings during the night. A meta-analysis of 13 studies found that exercise was associated with an increase in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, specifically NREM stage 3 sleep, which is the most restorative stage. It's important to note that the relationship between exercise and sleep is not a one-size-fits-all scenario. The intensity, duration, and timing of exercise can all impact its effect on sleep. It's important to pay attention to your own body and its unique needs when it comes to finding the right balance of exercise and sleep. Additionally, the optimal amount and type of exercise for improving sleep may vary depending on a person's fitness level and individual preferences. It may be helpful to experiment with different durations and intensities of exercise to see what works best for you and your sleep patterns.Please note that Matt is not a medical doctor, and none of the content in this podcast should be considered medical advice in any way, shape, or form, nor prescriptive in any way.Today's podcast is supported by biochemical electrolyte drink company LMNT, and they are very kindly offering eight free sample packs when you purchase any one of their orders at drinklmnt.com/mattwalker.LMNT is an electrolyte sports drink that I can get behind - it's created from the basis of science, and it has no sugar, no coloring, and no artificial ingredients – all qualities that are so important to maintaining your blood biochemical balance. If you want to give LMNT a try, just head on over to drinklmnt.com/mattwalker and get your eight free samples with your first purchase. Another sponsor this week is the good people at InsideTracker, and they are generously offering a special 25% off any one of their programs for anyone who uses the above link.  InsideTracker is a personalized biometric platform that analyzes your blood and your DNA to better understand what's happening inside of you and also offers suggestions regarding things that you can do to better try and adjust some of those numbers, optimize them, and, as a result, optimize you.And, as always, if you have thoughts or feedback you'd like to share, please reach out to Matt on Instagram.

Nick talks to anesthesiologist & neuroscientist Dr. Alex Proekt, who runs a lab at the University of Pennsylvania, about altered states of consciousness. They discuss: NREM & REM sleep, anesthesia & anesthetic drugs like propofol; coma & vegetative states; sleeping pills like Ambien; the relationship between consciousness & the underlying brain dynamics; how ketamine differs from other anesthetics & what it does to brain activity; AI & ChatGPT.SUPPORT M&M:Sign up for the free weekly Mind & Matter newsletter:[https://mindandmatter.substack.com/?sort=top]Learn how you can further support the podcast: [https://mindandmatter.substack.com/p/how-to-support-mind-and-matter]Support the show

Today we're going to be talking about sleep. Just a quick disclaimer that this podcast is meant for educational purposes only and is not meant to diagnose or be a substitute for medical advice from your practitioner. Special discount code so you can save $50 off of the purchase of an Oura ring. There are only a few discounts available. Get yours here: https://ouraring.com/discount/ff9ae56157 **Follow me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefunctionalnursepractitioner/ ** Level up your products: https://www.ewg.org/ewgverified/ **Interesting articles for more information** The Sleep of the Ring: Comparison of the ŌURASleep TrackerAgainst Polysomnography: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6095823/pdf/nihms-1500634.pdf GABA and L-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6366437/pdf/iphb-57-1557698.pdf Effect of wearables on sleep in healthy individuals: a randomized crossover trial and validation study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7849816/pdf/jcsm.8356.pdf Health Benefits of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 Tablets in Young Adults Exposed to Chronic Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723420/pdf/nutrients-11-01859.pdf Plant Extracts for Sleep Disturbances: A Systematic Review: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7191368/pdf/ECAM2020-3792390.pdf Effects of poly-gamma-glutamic acid and vitamin B6 supplements on sleep status: a randomized intervention study: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8155219/pdf/nrp-15-309.pdf Naturally Occurring Consecutive Sleep Loss and Day-to-Day Trajectories of Affective and Physical Well-Being: https://academic.oup.com/abm/article-abstract/56/4/393/6314765?redirectedFrom=fulltext Dietary saffron reduced the blood pressure and prevented remodeling of the aorta in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4764118/pdf/IJBMS-11-1143.pdf

Changes in reindeer sleep regulation across the year: a central role for rumination? In this episode, I am joined by Melanie Furrer, who recently presented her study on sleep in reindeer. Most non-hibernating animals maintain daily “circadian ”rhythms of sleep across the year, as well as “homeostatic” sleep-wake patterns in which increasing time awake is followed by increased sleep amount or intensity. Strikingly, ruminant reindeer in the Arctic show 24-h rhythmicity at the equinoxes but none at either solstice; summertime activity greatly exceeds wintertime activity. So far, nothing is known about their sleep or how it might be seasonally modulated. Methods: We simultaneously recorded non-invasive electroencephalography EEG in four adult female reindeer for four days at The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Norway in July, September, and December. Rapid eye movement, REM sleep, non-REM NREM sleep, and rumination were visually identified from the EEG, and slow-wave activity SWA, EEG power 1–18 4.5 Hz during NREM sleep, the classic marker for homeostatic changes in sleep pressure, was calculated. Results: Although sleep in reindeer generally resembled that of other mammals, key novel adaptations were observed in July/September: n=4, December: n=3. Like most species, sleep-wake distribution paralleled daily activity during seasonally changing light-dark conditions and SWA during NREM sleep increased after prolonged wake periods. Surprisingly, total sleep duration was roughly equal across seasons, and prolonged waking produced a lower SWA response in summer than in winter. As reported for some domestic ruminants, EEG during rumination showed typical characteristics of NREM sleep. Furthermore, rumination appeared to substitute for sleep under all observed conditions. Accordingly, SWA decreased across rumination, and total rumination and NREM sleep durations were negatively correlated. Homeostatic modelling of SWA further suggested that rumination was equivalent to sleep. Conclusions: We suggest that less pronounced SWA increases across waking in summer might indicate higher baseline sleep pressure during this season, possibly resulting from increased activity, food intake and light exposure. Within this context, rumination might partially substitute conventional sleep, permitting near-constant feeding in the arctic summer while compensating for increased sleep pressure. Contact or follow Melanie https://www.kispi.uzh.ch/forschungszentrum/person/furrer-melanie. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Melanie-Furrer-2   Contact me at iandunican@sleep4performance.com.au or www.sleep4performance.com.au and check out the YouTube channel. Check out our sponsor LMNT. Click on the link to order and get a free LMNT Sample Pack when you order through the custom link below. Key details: • The LMNT Sample Pack includes 1 packet of every flavour. This is the perfect offer for anyone interested in trying all of our flavours or who wants to introduce a friend to LMNT. • This offer is exclusively available through VIP LMNT Partners – you won't find this offer publicly available. • This offer is available for new and returning customers • They offer refunds on all orders with no questions – you don't even have to send it back! DrinkLMNT.com/sleep4performance

Between ages 12-15 weeks you're in an awkward stage where you feel like your baby isn't a newborn any more, and they aren't really a baby yet...so where are we? A 12-15 week old is technically still a newborn as they have chaotic sleep cycles and they have not yet gone through a transformation where sleep cycles change from just 2 cycles (REM and NREM) to fully mature sleep cycles (REM and all stages of NREM). In this episode I'm sharing the strategies that you can use with this "awkward" stage to help make sleep a whole lot better right now! MENTIONS: Free Newborn Daily Routines GuideLittle Z's Complete Schedule Guide Shop all Sleep Training Programs FOLLOW BECCA: On the blogYouTube InstagramTikTok

Sleep is generally divided into two phases, REM (rapid eye movement) and NREM (non-rapid eye movement). While the REM sleep phase is when your body focuses on reenergizing your mind, the NREM phase, and specifically the deep sleep stage, is when your body's physically restorative processes take place. With your brain less active, the blood supply to your muscles and tissues increases, delivering oxygen and nutrients that promote muscle repair and growth. Let's dig into some specific connections between sleep and muscle recovery.Professor Shona Halson is the Deputy Director of the SPRINT Research Centre atACU's School of Behavioural and Health Sciences. Prior to this she was the HeadRecovery Physiologist at the Australian Institute of Sport for over 15 years and hasled the Recovery team at three Olympic campaigns with the Australian OlympicCommittee. Her research focuses on sleep, recovery and fatigue and she haspublished over 160 peer-reviewed articles and multiple book chapters. Shonaprovides consultancy services to the Australian Open Tennis Tournament and Nikeas well as a number of national and international professional sporting teams.IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN:What happens to muscle and recovery during sleep deprivation and whyWhat happens to athletes who don't recovery adequately Hormones related to sleep deprivationHunger - Protein - sleep deprivationSPONSORSEIGHT SLEEP: $150 off  - NEUROhttps://www.eightsleep.com/neuroKETONE-IQ- 20% DISCOUNT - NEURO20https://hvmn.me/NeuroFind Shona here: twitter.com/ShonaHalsonYou can follow me or contact me here ---Newsletter: https://bit.ly/3ewI5P0Instagram: louisanicola_Twitter : louisanicola_YouTube: Louisa NicolaThe information provided in this show is not medical advice, nor should it be taken or applied as a replacement for medical advice. The Neuro Experience podcast, its employees, guests and affiliates assume no liability for the application of the information discussed.

immerse yourself into this DEEPEST Healing Sleep - 1Hz Delta Waves with Water Flowing!! Delta waves have many benefits when it comes to sleep. Delta waves are the slowest registered brain waves in human beings. They are discovered most frequently in infants and young children and are associated with the most profound levels of relaxation and restorative, healing sleep. They help us to enter the deep sleep phase, which is also called stage 4 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. This stage is very important for our physical restoration and mental recovery.

Millions of people have trouble getting enough sleep and are looking for solutions. Dove award winning pianist and All Heart podcast host Paul Cardall, who's experienced insomnia as a result of past medical challenges, explains the process of sleep and how music is helping people achieve the REM stage. That final and most important stage of fulfilling a deep sleep happens less and less as we age. Paul talks about his SLEEP project featuring 3 songs he composed during the pandemic to help him enjoy better sleep. He's making this personal tool available to fans so they can wake up refreshed and in a good mood.  This is the 42nd episode of All Heart with Paul Cardall.LISTEN TO SLEEP Why should you listen to this music before going to bed? Music can aid sleep by helping you feel relaxed and at ease. With streaming apps and portable speakers, it's easier than ever to take advantage of the power of music wherever you go. Given music's accessibility and potential sleep benefits, it might be a good time to try adding it to your nightly routine. We've known for years that music has the ability to enhance our moods and help us relax. This is because music affects different areas of the brain, and stimulates feel-good chemicals. SLEEP is created with certain frequencies that are known to trigger the sleep process in the brain, while relaxing the body. All Heart by Paul Cardall is sponsored by The Broken MiracleWatch on Youtube ABOUT PAUL CARDALLSteinway & Sons has endorsed him as one of the world's finest pianists. Dove Award-winning musician, composer, and producer,  His music is frequently categorized as Classical, Christian and New Age. With 11 No. 1 Billboard albums, 30 million monthly listeners and 3 million subscribed fans on social media. Paul s music has been streamed on platforms worldwide 3 billion times, which makes him one of the most listened to artists of our time.Paul was born with essentially half a heart and before his first day was finished, surgeons had cut into his infant body to save his life. He would spend virtually all of his life in and out of hospitals and recovering from surgeries. He received a heart transplant in 2009. Living with congenital heart disease has helped Paul understand the trauma imposed, particularly on a young person and their families. Paul has made it his life's mission to create and share piano music that is healing both physically and emotionally.Two of the many projects Paul's involved with include partnering with the The Ryan Seacrest Foundation to donate keyboards to children's hospitals nationwide. Paul and his wife, Kristina, who is from Cleveland, Ohio and a former Wall-street Analyst, established scholarships for students affected by medical bills associated with congenital heart disease because he believes in getting an education regardless of terminal diagnosis. Paul served as an executive board member of the Saving tiny Hearts Society, which seeds grass roots money for federal grant research in the field of congenital heart disease. In 2011, Utah State Board of Regents awarded Paul Cardall with an honorary doctorate.Paul has collaborated with Grammy winning artists CeCe Winans and Rachel Yamagata. He released a soundtrack album with a handful of artists for the The Broken Miracle, the No. 1 best-selling Amazon novel by J.D. Netto inspired by Paul's life living with only half a heart. Collaborations include songs and performances with David Archuleta, Tyler Glenn (Neon Trees), Ty Herndon, Thompson Square, Matt Hammitt and many others. In 1999, Paul founded Stone Angel Music, a record label, whose catalogue consists of Billboard charting albums by cellist Steven Sharp Nelson, guitarist Ryan Tilby, pianist Jason Lyle Black and David Tolk, Ryan Stewart, and various artist projects with a handful of former American Idol contests like Ashley Hess, Jordon Moyes, and Kenzie Hall. In 2018, Anthem Entertainment Group, one of today's most powerful publishers, acquired Paul's catalogue along with the albums he produced for Stone Angel Music, in one of the biggest instrumental acquisitions of the music industry's history. Anthem also owns music made popular by Tim McGraw, Justin Timberlake, Beyonce, Keith Urban, Jason Aldean, the Canadian trio Rush, and countless others.American Songwriter Magazine invited Cardall is also the host of a successful podcast, All Heart with Paul Cardall, and a YouTube series All Heart Adventures, featuring Cardall in various "bucket list" scenarios--living his life to the fullest, with gratitude and appreciation.Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PaulCardallMusicTwitter: https://twitter.com/paulcardallInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/paulcardall/

导读：Ivy，阿柔，Litchi，Li Xun, HT责编：Effie Liu主播：行者背景音乐：Painting roomNature neuroscience | 灵长类动物中颞叶和未定带之间的神经通路控制对新事物的探索灵长类动物从出生起就在通过视觉信息了解这个世界。即使观察新事物并不会给它们带来明确的回报，它们仍然不会放弃去探索一个新的物体或环境。这种大脑渴求探索全新事物的控制机制至今尚不明确。在文章中，研究员阐释了未定带（zona incerta）是猴脑中掌控对新鲜事物探索（novelty seeking）的重要部位。通过实验发现，当猴子已知观察一个熟知的物体会使其获得一个观察全新物体的机会时，未定带神经元会在猴子观察熟知的物体之前，因预判新物体的出现而异常活跃。 同时，刺激未定带神经元会促进猴子观察熟知的物体（以换取新物体的观察机会），而阻碍未定带神经元的活动则会减少这一行为。研究还发现这种由未定带控制的对新鲜事物的探索行为和外侧缰核（lateral habenula）及中脑黑质（substantia nigra）中的多巴胺能神经元没有关联。但和大脑前端内侧颞叶皮层间存在神经通路。这类神经通路控制着灵长类动物对新事物的好奇及探索。（导读：Ivy）文章链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-021-00950-1图片链接：https://community.xw.qq.com/a/20210609A0E12F00Nature neuroscience | 星型胶质细胞参与记忆维持之前的研究认为，记忆的维持主要与神经元和突触的可塑性有关。但胶质细胞作为大脑内另一群分布广泛的细胞，对神经元的突触连接也起到关键的调控作用。最近，来自中国陆军军医大学的Xiaowei Chen团队与德国慕尼黑工业大学的Arthur Konnerth团队合作发现，恐惧记忆的学习过程能诱导听觉皮层星型胶质细胞产生响应，是记忆维持所必需的。他们发现厌恶的感觉刺激(足底电击)能激活听觉皮层中部分星型胶质细胞上的α7-烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体（α7-nAChRs ）。随着关联记忆的学习，原本对单独的声音刺激并无响应的一群星形胶质细胞，对习得的条件性刺激（如与足底电击相关联的声音刺激）也能产生激活信号。这种激活的响应可以持续数日，与恐惧记忆的维持相偶联，并随着恐惧记忆的消退而消失。在星型胶质细胞内条件性敲除α7-nAChRs 显著地损害了恐惧记忆的维持。因此，这一研究结果表明，依赖于α7-nAChRs 的星型胶质细胞响应是记忆维持重要的细胞机制，能够为记忆相关的功能障碍疾病提供新的治疗靶点。（导读：阿柔）文章来源：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-021-00949-8图片来源：https://www.pexels.com/photo/bokeh-photography-of-lights-1141678/COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY | Exner区的书写运动记忆促进失明人士学习词汇书写会阻碍视力正常的成年人的词汇学习，这是因为书写时的运动执行过程会干扰词汇编码时的视听加工。但是，当视觉输入被限制时，成年人在书写时的运动记忆会促进词汇学习。最近，日本中村仁洋团队发表的一项研究采用功能磁共振成像技术（fMRI）发现，失明被试者学习新词时，左背侧前运动皮层（Exner书写区域）激活并与左侧海马回连接。在随后的词汇回忆阶段，词汇的语音语义在左侧海马回和左侧额颞语言区有激活。这一结果表明，书写的运动编码能够帮助失明被试在学习新词和提取词汇时保持词汇表征。研究者认为这种对运动系统的依赖反映了包括肢体运动系统在内的大脑语言网络的广泛结构。（导读：Litchi）文章来源：https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-01971-z图片来源：https://image.baidu.com/Nature Neuroscience | 渐冻症早期机制新发现肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS,也称为渐冻症）导致的肌肉萎缩严重影响着患者的生活质量，医生和患者希望尽早干预疾病以减缓运动功能的损害。之前的研究发现ALS患者脑中存在不溶性和泛素化蛋白质的聚集，且蛋白TDP-43是构成这种聚集物的主要成分。髓样细胞触发受体2 (Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 , TREM2) 表达于小胶质细胞，并与小胶质细胞的增殖，迁移，吞噬等功能息息相关。梅奥医学中心的Manling Xie等人研究发现，TREM2可与TDP-43相互作用，并通过小胶质细胞的清除与吞噬功能，减少TDP-43，从而减轻与TDP-43相关的神经退行症状。在过表达TDP-43的转基因鼠模型上敲除TREM2，会加重TDP-43引起的运动损害，此外，TREM2缺失还导致由TDP-43引起的CD11c小胶质细胞的减少，使得小胶质细胞激活程度减少，吞噬与清除功能减弱。研究者分别在体外，小鼠体内与ALS患者中证实TREM2与TDP-43存在相互作用，为ALS早期的干预治疗提供了新靶点。（导读：Li Xun）文章链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-021-00975-6图片链接：https://cn.bing.com/images/trending?form=HDRSC2Nature Genetics | 神经精神疾病的人体小胶质细胞基因与转录组图谱小胶质细胞在脑中发挥着重要的作用，它也可能参与多种神经精神疾病的病理过程。包括阿尔兹海默症、精神分裂症在内的许多神经精神疾病被发现存在遗传风险，那么这些疾病的遗传风险与小胶质细胞有无关系呢？来自伊坎西奈山医学院的研究团队针对这一问题，进行了全面的转录组研究。他们对额内侧回（MFG），颞上回（STG），脑室下区（SVZ）和丘脑（Thalamus）四个区域的小胶质细胞进行RNA测序和基因分型，系统性地阐述了性别、脑区、年龄、疾病诊断等因素对于小胶质细胞异质性的影响。研究发现性别对小胶质细胞异质性无影响；SVZ分别与MFG、STG这两个皮层区域的差异基因较多，这些差异基因可能与络丝蛋白 、干扰素、糖皮质激素通路有关；年龄的差异基因可能与免疫炎症相关。帕金森病、双相情感障碍等对小胶质细胞基因差异表达无影响。但是一些神经精神疾病的易感基因与小胶质细胞的数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci）存在重合，且大部分重合于小胶质细胞特异性的增强子区域，意味着像阿尔兹海默症这样疾病的易感基因会改变小胶质细胞的功能。（导读：Li Xun）图片来源：https://cn.bing.com/images/trending?form=HDRSC2文章来源：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00976-yNeuron | 什么让睡梦中的我们在危险迫近时能快速觉醒并作出防御行为？动物在睡眠中面临威胁时，迅速醒来的能力是成功抵御急性威胁的先决条件。前人研究发现，相较于非快速眼动睡眠(NREM sleep),从快速眼动睡眠(REM sleep)中醒来的动物对外界环境更加的警觉，所以REM sleep可能会促进个体对危险的防御。那么REM sleep是否真的能够促进动物的觉醒和对危险的防御，其背后的神经环路又是什么呢？针对这一问题，中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院王立平团队发现，当危险来临时，相比于NREM sleep，小鼠的确更容易从REM sleep中醒来。这一现象源于危险信号对丘脑内侧下核(mSTN)的促肾上腺素释放激素(CRH)神经元的激活，并投射到外侧苍白球（LGP）脑区，唤醒睡眠中的小鼠并做出防御。此外，研究者还发现，无论是对个体正常REM sleep的节律，还是因长期应激导致的REM sleep的增加，这类CRH神经元都在其中扮演着重要的调节角色。总的来说，这一研究结果直接揭示了快速眼动睡眠的存在和变化可以保护我们免受威胁的神经环路机制。（导读：HT）文章链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.033图片来源：https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0896627321010886-fx1.jpg

A good night's sleep is anything but quiet: a myriad of processes occupy our brains, crucial for every aspect of our waking lives. Our increased understanding of the neuroscience of sleep – that sleep may not affect the brain in its entirety – provides a window into the human experiences of sleep deprivation, lucid dreaming, spiritual visitations and a range of clinical sleep disorders, such as insomnia, dream enactment and sleep paralysis.A lecture by Guy LeschzinerThe transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:https://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/neuroscience-sleepGresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 2,000 lectures free to access or download from the website.Website: http://www.gresham.ac.ukTwitter: http://twitter.com/GreshamCollegeFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/greshamcollegeInstagram: http://www.instagram.com/greshamcollege

Global Workspace Theory is probably oversimplified, just like the Newtonian theory of the planets and their orbits. And that's what framework theories usually do. You don't want to go to them for the details, you want to go to them for the overview. And Global Workspace is really an overview. – Dr. Bernard Baars, originator of Global Workspace Theory and Global Workspace Dynamics, a theory of human cognitive architecture, the cortex and consciousness.   Ep 18: Global Workspace Functions, the Brain and Consciousness: Connectivity, Waking, & Sleep - Part 3 In Episode 18 of our podcast On Consciousness with Bernard Baars, the third in a three-part series on GWT Origins & Evidence, we continue to explore the links between cutting edge brain evidence and how that supports or updates our understanding of consciousness and the Global Workspace Theory.   Talking Points 0:00 – Intro and Recap of Episodes 17 & 18 (Parts I & II) 6:40 – A Discussion on Sleep, Dreaming, Waking, and Consciousness 10:35 – Summary of Marcello Massimini's Research 18:35 – The Stages of Human Sleep 24:26 – What Are Neuronal Oscillations? 35:58 – Summary of Paper #1: The Sleep Slow Oscillation as a Traveling Wave (Massimini et al., 2004)  50:34 – How GWT is Related to the Findings of Paper #1: Massimini et al. (2004) 57:10 – Summary of Paper #2: Breakdown of Cortical Effective Connectivity During Sleep (Massimini et al., 2005)  1:03:43 – Discussion of Findings in Paper #2: Massimini et al. (2005) 1:20:34 – What Does Effective Connectivity Tell Us About Consciousness? 1:30:03 – Does the Evidence Support a Grand Hypothesis?   Summary What can sleep tell us about the conscious mind? After some quick introductions and a summary of the previous two episodes by Ilian, the trio delves right into the main subject of the conversation, namely what can sleep tell us about the conscious mind. Bernie explains that in everyday life, sleep is the most natural absence of consciousness and that it can serve as a comparison to moments of awareness. Next, Alea introduces the work of Marcello Massimini M.D., Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences at the University of Milan, Italy, whose papers are the central topic of discussion in this episode. She points out that Massimini's research is devoted to understanding changes in thalamocortical networks when consciousness fades and recovers, such as when we sleep and reawaken. The organ of consciousness inside the brain is a system that includes the cortex, and an egg-shaped structure inside the cortex, called thalamus. They work closely together and we call it the corticothalamic (CT) system. Alea emphasizes that in addition to neurophysiology, Massimini is interested in the theoretical and philosophical implications of the neuroscience of consciousness. Bernie, Alea, and Ilian describe the stages and the mechanisms of the sleep cycle, namely the REM and non-REM phases. The trio also define some of the terminology used in this conversation, focusing on neuronal oscillation, or the electrical patterns of activity in the central nervous system. When examined with an EEG, oscillations throughout the brain display which regions are active during a particular state.   The Sleep Slow Oscillation as a Traveling Wave The Sleep Slow Oscillation as a Traveling Wave, Massimini et al. (2004) is the first of two papers analyzed. Alea thoroughly summarizes the contents of the paper, indicating that the researchers detected traveling waves in the sleeping brain, particularly during nREM sleep. These waves had a site of origin and a direction, and most frequently originated in anterior (frontal) regions, and propagated posteriorly (back), although they can originate anywhere and propagate in any direction.  Bernie makes the point that a fundamental framework for Global Workspace Theory is precisely this broadcast and build concept. GWT implies that there is information being transmitted and these traveling waves are obviously one possible way that can reflect the transmission of information.    When We Fall Asleep, Consciousness Fades, Yet The Brain Remains Active. The second paper, titled Breakdown of Cortical Effective Connectivity During Sleep, Massimini et al. (2005), makes the observation that when we fall asleep, consciousness fades, yet the brain remains active. The researchers set out to understand why that is. They hypothesize that it is due to changes in information transfer. This ability to transfer and integrate information across multiple systems requires something called “effective connectivity” - or the ability of firing in one group of neurons to affect the firing of another. Massimini and his team suggest that consciousness is dependent on the brain's ability to integrate information. This paper does seem to offer evidence for the breakdown of long-range connectivity during sleep. This is consistent with the broadcasting hypothesis which was discussed in parts I and II of this GWT series. Bernie highlights the fact that even though the results appear to support the idea that this ability to transfer and integrate information across distant brain regions is necessary for conscious experience, the paper does have its limitations, such as the timing and measurement of the TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) pulse. In the final moments of the episode, the trio ponder what these findings might tell us about consciousness. Bernie believes that for him, the conclusions from these papers do not support the grand hypothesis of how consciousness is formed. Alea agrees, and says that although complex questions cannot be answered by a single paper, such studies serve as fundamental stepping stones to gain a better understanding of the grander picture.   We are always at the edge of ignorance.  Some people suggest that dreaming is a kind of conscious state. Very early sources claim that waking is consciousness of the world, dreaming is consciousness of an inner world, and unconscious sleep is lack of any kind of conscious content. There are several things that we think we know, and there are a lot of things we don't know. So we make our best guesses and when we find new evidence we change our guesses.   “I actually have a take-home lesson. This is to scientists and it's private. So don't tell anybody else. Try asking your subjects what they are experiencing and maybe you'll learn something.” -Bernard Baars, PhD     Cited Papers Massimini, M., Ferrarelli, F., Huber, R., Esser, S. K., Singh, H., & Tononi, G. (2005, September 30). Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep. Science. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1117256  Massimini, M., Huber, R., Ferrarelli, F., Hill, S., & Tononi, G. (2004, August 4). The sleep slow oscillation as a traveling wave. Journal of Neuroscience.  https://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/31/6862   Get a 40% Discount for your copy of Bernie Baars' acclaimed new book On Consciousness: Science & Subjectivity - Updated Works on Global Workspace Theory GO TO: http://shop.thenautiluspress.com APPLY DISCOUNT CODE AT CHECKOUT: "PODCASTVIP"   Bios Alea Skwara is a PhD candidate at the University of California, Davis where she studies cognitive neuroscience. Her primary research focuses on compassion and responses to suffering. The main question that Alea is currently trying to answer is whether meditational practices can expand the range of people that a person can feel compassion for. Ilian Daskalov is a senior undergraduate student at University of California, Irvine where he studies Cognitive Science. He holds an associate degree with honors from San Diego Mesa College. His research interests include sleep, psychedelics, and artificial intelligence. He is passionate about communicating science and promoting critical thinking.  Bernard Baars is best known as the originator of global workspace theory and global workspace dynamics, a theory of human cognitive architecture, the cortex and consciousness. Bernie is a former Senior Fellow in Theoretical Neurobiology at the Neurosciences Institute in La Jolla, CA, and Editor in Chief of the Society for MindBrain Sciences. He is author of many scientific papers, articles, essays, chapters, and acclaimed books and textbooks.   Bernie is the recipient of the 2019 Hermann von Helmholtz Life Contribution Award by the International Neural Network Society, which recognizes work in perception proven to be paradigm changing and long-lasting.   He teaches science. It keeps him out of trouble.

Matt has a special announcement this week: a new recurring type of episode called, ‘Sleep is Bloody Remarkable'. This series of episodes will share fascinating facts about sleep that will  blow your mind! In the premier episode, Matt focuses on something truly (bloody) remarkable: half-brain sleep, or unihemispheric sleep.  Unihemispheric sleep is the phenomenon of when one hemisphere of the brain is awake, while the other sleeps. Matt goes on to discuss how the two sides of the brain rotate their sleep roles, such that after a set period of time, the side that got to undergo sleep first wakes, so that the other half of the brain gets its needed opportunity for sleep.  Whales and dolphins are great examples of half brain sleepers. They need to maintain movement in their underwater environment. Half-brain sleep allows them to still do this while still getting plenty of NREM slumber (just one half of the brain at a time).  Birds are also capable of half-brain sleep. Birds use unihemispheric sleep for survival purposes, although for different reasons. Birds use it to keep one eye on things, literally!  When birds land as a flock, the birds on the farthest left and right sides - the sentinels, as it were - undergo unihemispheric sleep, to keep one eye open for threat detection on their respective side (180 degree views on the left and right). The result being, combined, the entire flock gets full 360 degree panoramic threat detection. Indeed, all of the rest of the birds are allowed to sleep with both hemispheres i.e., full brain sleep.The poor birds on the sides don't actually get the chance to come into the middle of the flock, it seems. Instead, to get equal sleep on both sides of the brain, when one hemisphere has fulfilled its sleep need, these birds will rotate 180 degrees, and switch sides of the brain that is sleeping. Bloody remarkable! We humans undergo our own rendition of unihemispheric sleep…sort of =)  In an unfamiliar location, such as a hotel room, humans keep one of their hemispheres on guard in this potentially dangerous context. Meaning, one half of the brain does not go into as deep NREM sleep, almost as if it is remaining semi-conscious. Matt also notes that half-brain sleep only happens during NREM sleep. When all species go into REM sleep, both sides of the brain sleep. There is no unihemispheric dream sleep, it seems. Please note that Matt is not a medical doctor, and none of the content in this podcast should be considered medical advice in any way, shape, or form, nor prescriptive in any way.The good people at Athletic Greens are the sponsors of this week's episode, and they are generously offering three benefits for anyone who uses the above link for their first order: 1) a discount on your order; 2) a one-year free supply of vitamin D; 3) five free travel packs. Athletic Greens is a nutrition drink that combines a full complement of antioxidants, minerals and biotics, together with essential vitamins. Matt's been using it for several years now, first because he's serious about his health and uses it as a full nutritional insurance policy, and second, because Matt did his research on the science and ingredients in Athletic Greens and thinks it's science and scientific data that can be taken as ground truth.So, make your way over to Athletic Greens, and take advantage of this incredible deal. And, as always, if you have thoughts or feedback you'd like to share, please reach out to Matt on Instagram.

Why is sleep so important? Listening to Smile albums 40% off promo code: BETTERHEALTH Circadian Rythm Human Growth Hormone Immune function while we sleep Brain function while we sleep Frequency-Minded music to boost brain function NREM & REM Sleep Cycle Only in deep NREM is HGH released Sleep Devices Lack of N3 will cause health issues “Sleep Hygien Rules” Shiftwork tips Sleep Apnea breath work Featuring Frequency-Minded Music by Listening to Smile Doors of Perception (A=444Hz) © Copyright 2020 Listening to Smile | Ian Morris | https://listeningtosmile.com

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This deep sleep meditation music is created with binaural beats using the delta frequency so you can fall asleep fast and sleep through the night. Delta waves are slow, low-frequency brainwaves (between 1.5-4 hertz) that are the dominant brainwave pattern of deep (stages 3 and 4), NREM sleep. Free Weekly Newsletter To Learn Meditation So You Can Meditate More Effectively HERE... By exposing the brain to beats that create low-frequency tones in the brain, these sound waves create shifts in brainwaves themselves, generating slower frequency brainwaves that promote deeper states of relaxation. There is a lot to like about this technology as a potential treatment for sleep problems. It's low impact and non-invasive, it doesn't rely on chemical drugs, it's inexpensive, and, for most people, likely easy to adopt and maintain. In this way, it's similar to other behavioral therapies for sleep that I like, including meditation and relaxation techniques, and other mind-body therapies. 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In this episode, Stephanie explores the quality of our sleep, how our minds and bodies are restored during the cycles of nREM and REM sleep, and how it all ties together with weight loss.  Resources mentioned: SolarisPremium.com for sleep supplements SolarisWholeHealth.com/sleepessentials for free printable SolarisWholeHealth.com/stress-sleep-quiz

Looking 'under the duvet' to understand why we need between 7-8hrs sleep per night. Talking about circadian rhythms, hormone function, REM and NREM sleep, sleep cycles, insomnia and sleep deprivation. There's more to it than meets the shut) eye! If you found this episode informative and interesting, then please rate, review on iTunes. Also share to your friends and family as this will help the show grow to hopefully help and impact more people. For all things fitness related check out and follow on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nbefitpt/ Thanks for listening Natasha DM to receive a free copy of Nbefit's Plant-based Recipe eBook