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Title: “Who Commands the Waves and Wind?” Part 2 Text: Acts 27:13-38 FCF: We often struggle with the paradox of God's grace and man's responsibility Prop: Because God's grace alone through faith alone saves, we must trust the Lord. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 27. In a moment we'll read from the Legacy Standard Bible starting from verse 1 and going through verse 38. You can follow along in the pew bible or whatever version you prefer. Our maritime adventure continues today. After leaving Paul, his companions, and an Alexandrian grain ship struggling to make progress to Italy, now they are docked in a place called Fair Havens. Paul attempted to convince the centurion to winter the ship in this port, but the pilot and captain of the ship have convinced him instead to try for Phoenix, a port 40 miles up the coast of Crete. The opposition of the wind and waves will continue to be an issue as we go forward, but in the midst of the tempest God gives grace and expects faith from all those aboard the ship. The rest of this story serves as a potent example of how God saves His people. Please stand with me to focus on and give honor to the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Good and Gracious God. We are humbled that You would transcend to us and commune with us in Your worship. Yet You have promised that You are among us. I pray that You would allow Your Spirit to speak to us today. To illuminate the text of the scriptures and show us Your love. I pray that You might unveil difficult mysteries to our hearts to perceive truth. And I pray that You would open eyes and give new hearts so that if there are those among us who do not truly believe on You, that today would be the day of their salvation. I pray this in Jesus' name, Amen. Transition: We have a LOT of text to cover. So, let's get to it. I.) God's sovereign grace alone saves, so we must trust the Lord. (13-29) a. [Slide 2] 13 - And when a moderate south wind came up, thinking that they had attained their purpose, they weighed anchor and began sailing along the shore of Crete. i. As they waited for the opportune moment to depart for Phoenix, it seemed that the wisdom of the sailors was superior to the words of the apostle. ii. At least at first. iii. A southern wind comes up from Africa allowing them to sail north west along the coast of Crete. iv. All seems to be going their way and Paul proves to be another ignorant religious nut. b. [Slide 3] 14 - But before very long there rushed down from the land a violent wind, called Euraquilo; 15 - and when the ship was caught in it and could not face the wind, we gave way to it and let ourselves be carried along. 16 - And running under the shelter of a small island called Clauda, we were scarcely able to get the ship's boat under control. i. There are several things happening here that are shrouded in maritime understanding. ii. This violent wind called a Euraquilo, is what we might refer to as a Nor'easter. Eura is the Greek word for East wind and Aquilo is the Latin word for North wind. iii. Such winds on the Mediterranean were greatly feared by sailors. They could come up out of nowhere and usually had disastrous impacts leading to loss of cargo and life. iv. Luke tells how the ship was caught in the wind and could not face it. Meaning that though they lowered the sails and attempted to row their way back to shore while keeping the bow of the ship pointed into the wind, they were unable to do so. v. [Slide 4] This being the case, they stopped rowing and allowed the waves and wind to carry them out to sea. vi. They were driven down past a very small island called Clauda or Cauda and were, as Luke says, scarcely able to get the ship's boat under control. vii. But what is the ship's boat? viii. A large ship like this would require a smaller vessel to allow for maintenance to be done on the ship. It also would allow for the large ship to anchor in greater depths while a small complement would sail to the coast for supplies. ix. These boats were usually towed at the back of the boat during the voyage. x. Losing the ship's boat would spell certain doom for the cargo and all those aboard. xi. So, using the shelter of the tiny island of Clauda, they were able to raise the boat to the deck. c. [Slide 5] 17 - After they had hoisted it up, they used supporting cables in undergirding the ship. Fearing that they might run aground on the shallows of Syrtis, they let down the sea anchor and in this way let themselves be carried along. i. Upon successfully rescuing the boat and hoisting it up to the deck, they wrapped cables under the ship's hull. These cables would be tightened down to add even more stability to the ship's hull, keeping it from breaking apart. ii. The shallows of Syrtis are a group of sandbars and shoals off the coast of Northern Africa. At this time, it was known as a ship's graveyard having claimed many ships who had run aground. iii. Also, to keep themselves from being blown this far south, they dropped their sea anchor. iv. Unlike other anchors which are designed to hold a ship in place as it is catches on the ground under water… a Sea anchor is used to stabilize a boat's movements adding drag in deep water which allowed them to keep the bow of the ship pointed into the coming waves or winds, effectively preventing the ship from being blown over and capsizing and giving them some control over how far they were pushed by the waves. v. With the sea anchor down, the sails would remain down and as Luke says, they were carried to wherever the waves would take them. d. [Slide 6] 18 - And the next day as we were being violently storm-tossed, they began to jettison the cargo; 19 - and on the third day they cast the ship's tackle overboard with their own hands. 20 - And since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was gradually abandoned. i. This Nor'easter continued for 3 days dragging them along. ii. What is the danger they face? iii. They face two dangers. 1. The first is running aground on some rocks or sandbar with no land in sight. 2. The second is the waves and wind themselves. Which would constantly be blowing the ship around and filling the ship with water. iv. So how do they mitigate both of these dangers? Make the ship lighter. If the ship is lighter it will sit in the water higher. If it sits in the water higher it can travel through shallower waters and go over waves much easier. v. So that is what they do. They jettison the cargo. As we said before, this was a grain ship. By cargo, Luke probably does not mean the grain. At least not yet. vi. Cargo here means anything that is not absolutely essential. They also toss the tackle overboard. The tackle would be anything used to move and lift cargo as well as sailing and mooring equipment. vii. This would be a desperate move to be sure. To spare their lives, they must even risk being without sailing and mooring equipment. If they make it out of the storm alive, they would have to row their way to a port. viii. But their chances of finding their heading were very low. Because they had neither seen sun, nor stars for many days. This is how they navigated on the sea. By the sun and the stars and their positions. ix. Not only were they without sailing capabilities – they were also without navigation. They were blind and set adrift. x. No wonder Luke says that their hope was fading. Yes, even Luke himself is giving up hope that he would make it out alive. Beacuse as far as Luke was concerned, God could rescue Paul without saving him. xi. Once again, the voyage faces great peril and difficulty from “nature.” And once again, Paul has some words of advice for all of those on this voyage. e. [Slide 7] 21 - And when they had gone a long time without food, then Paul stood up in their midst and said, “Men, you ought to have followed my advice to not set sail from Crete and to avoid this damage and loss. 22 - “And now I advise you to be cheerful, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship. 23 - “For this very night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood before me, 24 - saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has granted you all those who are sailing with you.' 25 - “Therefore, be cheerful, men, for I believe God that it will turn out exactly as I have been told. 26 - “But we must run aground on some island.” i. No doubt they were not eating because of the inevitable sea sickness that would have overtaken most of the passengers aboard. ii. Nothing kills hunger like nausea. iii. Tired, sick, drenched, and afraid, Paul addresses these men with a message of hope. iv. First, he points out that his advice was to stay in Crete at Fair Havens and that advice being disregarded has led them down this path of destruction and loss. v. I don't think Paul says this as an “I told you so” but rather to motivate them to take his next piece of advice. vi. He advises that they be cheerful because just as he rightly predicted the destruction and loss, he now predicts that although the ship and all its cargo will be lost, not one member of the ship would lose their lives. vii. But how does Paul know this? viii. He explains how God's messenger, an angel, told him not to be afraid because he will surely stand before Caesar and that God has given or granted to Paul all that are sailing with him. ix. Contextually we know that this doesn't mean that all of these men will convert to Christ… but rather that all of their earthly lives will be spared from this storm. x. So, Paul reasserts his advice. They must rejoice because God will do what He has promised… xi. But then he reveals a terrifying prospect. They must abandon the hope of saving the ship and its cargo. Why? xii. He revels exactly how the ship will be lost. It will be run aground on an island. Paul was not told which one specifically. f. [Slide 8] 27 - But when the fourteenth night came, as we were being carried about in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors began to suspect that some land was approaching them. 28 - And when they took soundings, they found it to be twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they took another sounding and found it to be fifteen fathoms. 29 - And fearing that we might run aground somewhere on the rocks, they cast four anchors from the stern and were praying for daybreak. i. We don't know exactly how long it was since Paul gave this advice, but on the 14th day of the storm, they were still being carried about by the Adriatic Sea. ii. Today, the Adriatic Sea is what we would call the sea between the Apennine Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula. In the first century this would have been known as the Gulf of Adria and the Adriatic Sea would refer to central portion of the Mediterranean Sea. iii. About midnight the sailors began suspecting that they were approaching land. They no doubt began hearing the crashing of waves against something in the distance. iv. So, they began to take soundings to measure the depths. Their first measurement came in at 120 feet or 20 fathoms. Their next measurement was 90 feet. v. Knowing now that the land below them was rising, they fearfully took measures to anchor the ship in place to prevent it being dashed to pieces on the rocks. vi. They cast four anchors from the back of the ship. And they began to pray – to various gods no doubt – for daybreak to come so they could get their bearings. vii. So once again we see the cycle repeat. viii. Things are going well, things start going bad, Paul gives advice, they do not heed it, and things get worse. ix. They have tried everything in their own power to save the ship and prevent financial ruin. When all has failed, they finally beg the gods, any who might hear them, to bring them through the storm. x. In contrast, Paul told them that a God they did not serve, and never sought, had already informed him that although the ship would be lost by being run aground, not one single life aboard the ship would be lost. xi. This is the contrast of works and grace. This is the contrast of false gods and the only true God. Yahweh alone is full of grace and love. g. [Slide 9] Summary of the Point: Luke's primary point of teaching is found within the second piece of advice given by Paul. I call it advice by Paul, but really it is a Word from the Lord. God has told Paul that he will go before Caesar and that all the people aboard the ship will make it through this storm with their lives. God does this, not because these passengers aboard believe on Him, not because they have sought His face, not because they have prayed to Him, not because they are His faithful people. Indeed, God does not need to save all those on board in order to bring Paul to Caesar. But by the Word of His Sovereign grace, God chooses freely to save and preserve the life of all 276 people aboard the ship. Such a God deserves our exclusive trust and devotion. And that is exactly what Paul does. Paul is convinced that God will do as He has promised. We too must trust what God has said and reorient our lives around everything He says as truth. This is what saving faith is. Transition: [Slide 10 (blank)] Well, the situation is dire. Paul has given two pieces of advice and both have been disregarded by the passengers on board. Things continue to get worse and worse for them. And what usually happens when a group of people are in a desperate situation? Things start to get ugly as people start to get selfish. II.) It is by God's sovereign grace through faith that we are saved, so we must trust the Lord. (30-38) a. [Slide 11] 30 - But as the sailors were trying to escape from the ship and had let down the ship's boat into the sea, on the pretense of intending to lay out anchors from the bow, i. In this Maritime adventure the pattern has remained consistent. 1. Things are going well. 2. Things start NOT going well 3. Paul gives advice. 4. No one heeds his advice. ii. That cycle repeated itself twice. iii. Most recently, they were still trying to save the ship and the cargo along with the lives of the sailors even though Paul clearly said that the ship would be lost. iv. But now we omit step 1. Things don't go well again. In fact, things get worse. v. The sailors, pretending to go to tie anchors to the bow, began to take the boat of the ship for themselves and abandon everyone else and the cargo to the waves and the wind. vi. Again, we see the natural sinful and selfish nature of man. Rather than believing Paul's words and risking being shipwrecked on some island, they intended to leave those untrained at sailing to their fate. vii. But Paul speaks yet again with a warning. b. [Slide 12] 31 - Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, “Unless these men remain in the ship, you yourselves cannot be saved.” i. But wait a second. God already promised them that not one life would be lost. ii. Does it matter if these sailors leave? iii. Remember, this isn't all God said. He also said the ship must run aground and be lost. iv. This forms the first of two examples demonstrating the paradoxical tension between God's sovereign grace and man's responsibility. 1. Who is going to save these men from dying in this storm? Certainly, God is. That is what the Angel said. “God has granted you all those who are sailing with you.” 2. But God's sovereign grace in that promise is not without men's responsibility to act in ways that pursue that salvation. 3. God's sovereign grace to spare these men included their participation in using their skills to run the ship aground in a controlled way so that they could all abandon the ship together and get to shore safely. 4. So, using their skills becomes an exercise of faith. 5. God ultimately doesn't need their skills to do this – but certainly abandoning the ship is done in disbelief that running aground and all of their lives being spared somehow both will be true like God said. 6. As James endeavors to demonstrate, faith that saves is woven to works. Not that faith and works save. They do not. But there is more than one kind of faith. The faith that saves is a faith that produces action. Belief without pursuit of what is believed in… is not belief at all. 7. Saying you believe zip lines are completely safe, but never going on one… means you have no idea what you are talking about. v. Paul's point is, that ultimately these sailors must act in faith that the ship will run aground and all the lives will be spared. There is no reason to try to save your own life before the ship is run aground. This is not faith in God's word. vi. This is the third time Paul has given advice in this maritime adventure. And the first two times, no one listened to him. And things have only gotten worse. vii. So, what will happen now? Have they learned their lesson? c. [Slide 13] 32 - Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the ship's boat and let it fall away. i. For the first time, someone is listening to Paul's advice. ii. The Roman soldiers, in a sense, force a response of everyone aboard the ship. They cut away the boat preventing anyone from trying to escape. iii. In doing this, they ensure that the ship runs aground, not on the beach, but in some way that the ship will not survive; just as God said. d. [Slide 14] 33 - Until the day was about to dawn, Paul was encouraging them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day that you have been constantly watching and going without eating, having taken nothing. 34 - Therefore, I encourage you to take some food, for this is for your salvation, for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.” 35 - And having said these things, he took bread and gave thanks to God in the presence of all. And he broke it and began to eat. i. The first thing we see Paul do after they listen to his latest piece of advice, is to reiterate his previous advice. ii. Now that they are beginning to believe God – yes, they are that desperate that they will believe Paul's God… iii. Paul now reiterates his previous advice. iv. They should be cheerful; they should take food for themselves. v. And this is the second example in this point where the sovereign grace of God is paradoxically linked with the responsibility of men. 1. Once again, we ask, who is going to save these men from dying in this storm? Certainly, God is. 2. But here, Paul encourages them to eat. And he says “for this is for your salvation, for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.” 3. Well, is food saving them or is God saving them? 4. God is the ultimate actor in the salvation of their present lives, but just as the sailors must execute their duties as an act of faith that the ship would be lost but all the lives saved, so also everyone aboard must eat food as an act of faith in the same promise. a. Will they really believe that the ship and all its cargo will be lost, as God has said? b. Will they really believe that their lives will be spared by God? c. How would we know? d. Taking food to sustain their bodies is an act of faith. How so? i. Eating food is a confession of faith that God will save their life. ii. Eating food is an act that comes with the expectation that by taking this, they will live on the energy this food provides for many more days. iii. Eating food is a confession that these supplies will be lost soon anyway, so they might as well use them while they still have them. iv. Eating food is an act of faith in that they believe they must have strength to swim to shore, since they will run aground and they don't have a boat. v. Eating food breaks a fast to recognize that the answer has been given and they need not seek another. e. Is eating some great act of merit? Does eating require great effort on their part? No. f. Is the food they eat something that is theirs or has it been granted to them? It has been given to them, as all things have by God. g. There is deep symbolism here of the work of salvation. Luke intends for us to see the correlation between God saving these men and how God saves us. h. Christ is our spiritual food and drink. He is the bread and the water and the wine. He is the vine. We must eat and drink and live by Him… but doing so is all given to us by God. 5. God has provided their salvation and the means He uses to communicate their salvation to them is their faith in His words. 6. In a similar way, God has provided salvation to us by grace but uses His gift of ongoing faith in Christ to sustain us to the day of our salvation. vi. So, Paul breaks bread and gives thanks to God and gives an example of faith by eating. While the language here is similar to the Lord's Supper, I do not think that is what is happening here. I think Luke would make it more obvious if this was the case. vii. But we do see this at very least as a picture of that picture. This is a meal of faith to be sure. They eat while they still can, preparing to be shipwrecked and so sustain their lives and strengthen their bodies believing God that they will run aground but live through this storm. e. [Slide 15] 36 - And all of them became cheerful and they themselves also took food. 37 - And all of us in the ship were 276 persons. 38 - And when they had eaten enough, they began to lighten the ship by throwing out the wheat into the sea. i. And here we see, after faith, the last vestige of hope in their previous endeavor dies. ii. They finally lighten the ship with throwing out… probably millions of dollars' worth of wheat. iii. Just as the rich young ruler was told to sell all he had to follow Jesus… These people had a choice to make. iv. Will they believe God to the extent that they abandon hope in any other outcome than what God has said? v. Will they stay on the ship until it runs aground? vi. Will they eat enough to give them strength to swim to shore and fight for their life? vii. Will they abandon all hopes of getting their payday? viii. They believe. They eat… and they throw the wheat into the sea. ix. This is akin to crucifying yourself and following Christ. They give the wheat and their hopes at making money, and potentially even their future careers as sailors, to the depths of the earth… so that they can save what is more precious… Their lives. x. This seems a lot like the parable of Jesus. Jesus said that the gospel was like a man who found a treasure in a field and sold all he owned to purchase the field to acquire the treasure knowing that the treasure was more precious than all his riches. xi. All 276 persons aboard the ship trust what Paul's God has said. xii. We'll have to wait until next week to see what happens to them. f. [Slide 16] Summary of the Point: It is interesting to see the correlation between God saving these passenger's lives from the storm and how God saves us from sin. Sin is a raging storm tossing us about. We are all born as slaves of sin and of our father the devil. We are by nature the offspring of the serpent. Children of wrath like the rest. And just as God freely chose to save the lives of the people on board this ship, so God has freely chosen to save the souls of His elect. What God has determined to do by His Sovereign grace, will be done. But that, as we see here, includes men's response. Even though these people were told that God would spare their lives, it is clear that God would communicate that deliverance through their active faith. True and genuine belief that God would destroy the ship but save their lives, meant that they would use their skills, energy, and strength to both abandon hope in anything else and hope in His promise. In a similar way, God saves us by grace through faith. It is all of Him. He gives us new hearts to receive gifts of repentance and faith… but these gifts when received will produce action. Belief that produces action is what saving faith looks like. Conclusion: So CBC, what have we learned today and how does that inform or correct our belief and guide our lifestyles? Basics of Faith and Practice: [Slide 17] Today we have seen that great paradox, that tension of God's sovereign grace and man's responsibility. God told Paul that He would spare the lives of everyone aboard the ship but that the ship would run aground on an island and be lost. If everyone aboard did not believe it would God have still saved them? I think we can answer that question with a yes. Why? Because God doesn't lie. But… Paul makes it clear that without the sailor's skill in navigating the boat safely to run aground, and without the passengers eating to sustain their life and give themselves energy and strength to swim to shore, then they cannot be saved. In this we see that part of God's grace included a means of getting them safely to an island. It included them believing God. And so, we see Ephesians 2:8-9 demonstrated for us. God saved them by His grace. He did not allow them to earn this salvation. But to be saved they must believe His word, to the extent that they live as if it were true. In a similar way God, by grace, gives new hearts to His people. Hearts now capable of receiving and responding with His gifts of repentance and faith. God removes all other responses as desirable. We see Him doing the same in this maritime adventure. All other options are unavailable and undesirable. By the end, the only option any of them had was to trust God and live in such a way that what He said would be. But even if you got completely lost in all the discussion of God's grace and man's responsibility… the good news is that all you really have to understand is that because you can't save yourself, God sent His Son to pay the ransom for many. And if you are hearing this news and wanting it and believing it, it is because one of those people whom He paid that ransom for… was you! So, trust Him! Trust what He has said and trust what He has done. Trust it so much that your entire life will now be lived in its truth. But let me get a little more specific this morning. 1.) [Slide 18] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that God acts alone in saving His people. This is what grace is. a. There is one truth stated clearly by Paul and rescued by the reformers coming out of the reformation. b. The capstone of reformation theology is that God saves us by His grace alone. c. Grace is God's favor granted according to His counsel and His purposes and His will. d. It, by definition, cannot be granted based on anything a person is or does. e. God promised to save all 276 people aboard this ship. He did this without asking their permission, without seeking their input, and without considering who they worshipped. f. A great example of this is the twins Jacob and Esau. g. God says, plainly, that despite the fact that neither of them had ever done anything good or evil, having not yet been born, God chose to love Jacob. He chose to love Jacob so much that by comparison He chose to hate Esau. h. God did not look into the future to see who Jacob and Esau would be and then chose to love Jacob. i. Instead, God's love for Jacob formed who Jacob was. God's lack of love for Esau allowed Esau to carve his own wicked path. j. God's favor… changes the trajectory of a person's life. So much so that when God's grace is given, the recipient of that grace will not and indeed cannot fail in the purposes for which God has given them favor. k. And the scriptures teach us that it is by grace that God saves His people. l. Not an ineffectual grace given to every person that may or may not accomplish what He gave it to do. m. But an effectual grace which will produce the result God desires. n. If we conclude otherwise than passages that speak of God's grace being something we all need and hope in, prove to be… in a word… useless. o. If God's grace has a possibility of not working… and the reason it doesn't work is because of me… then there is literally no difference between me doing something with or without God's grace. p. But if God's grace ALWAYS produces the result God gave it for… than we can rest that when the bible says that we are saved by God's grace… that it is not only sure but also… empty of us. It doesn't depend on us at all. q. God's grace alone saves and all who are given God's saving grace will be saved. This is how it must be. There is no other real alternative if we are to give God's grace the definition the New Testament writers do. r. But… 2.) [Slide 19] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that man has a responsibility to act upon God's gifts of repentance and faith. a. God does not merely give favor… to anyone… ever… and expect them to do NOTHING with it. b. In fact, I can't think of a single example where God empowers someone to do… nothing. I can't think of a single example where God favors someone and then ends up doing everything while they do nothing. c. This is what Paul points out on the ship. God has promised to favor these men and spare their lives. But that is not without the expectation that they would believe His word to the extent that they act in such a way to live out everything He has said. Even that they exert themselves using their skills, strength and energy to make it safely to shore. d. In the scriptures we note that repentance and faith, the message that Jesus preached, are both gifts of God. They are given to men after God has communicated saving grace to them. e. Meaning that God's favor, his power, his ability is granted so that men can receive the things He gives them… namely the reception of truth that they are wicked sinners and that Jesus is a marvelous savior. f. Upon truly receiving these gifts, which God's grace enables them to do, this person does what? g. They live as though it is true. h. How might one live if God has convinced you by grace through faith that you are a wicked sinner in need of a Savior and that Jesus is that savior? i. Would you trust the One who saved you? Would you desire to obey the God who rescued you? Would you seek to know more and more about Him? j. Indeed… k. But these responses are baked into God's grace. They are a necessary and sure response every time God gives saving grace to someone. l. That is why the 1689 confession calls faith… a grace. God gives it in His grace as a gift to be received and acted upon. m. So what must we do with the grace of faith if it has been gifted to us? 3.) [Slide 20] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must trust the Lord. a. Very simply… for everyone in this room… whether you are a follower of Christ or not… b. Here is the challenge of this passage. c. Will you believe God? d. Will you trust what God has said… to the fullest degree. So much so that your entire life reorients around His Word being true. e. This is the testimony of one of your Elders. He came to faith in Christ after beginning to assume that everything in the bible was true. It wasn't long before God captured His heart. f. And this is the testimony of every flailing Christian who can't seem to make progress. g. Well Christian… do you really believe that everything God says is true… h. So much so that your entire life is lived as if it is? i. My guess is… probably not. j. Let me illustrate simply by the example of prayer. k. If God is the creator and most high God, ruler of the universe, as He says He is. If God is Holy and awesome and causes instant fear to all who approach, as He says He is and does. If Christ has suffered violent death to provide access to God's throne and purification through His blood to stand before this God as His child… as He says… l. Then why do we rarely pray? m. Ah. n. You see, all our sins… all our failures… they are a faith problem not an obedience problem. Faith and works go hand in hand remember? If we are not obeying – it is because we are not believing. o. So, we must trust the Lord. p. But let me provide some comfort to you… 4.) [Slide 21] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” All the believing ones will be saved. a. My friends, do not cheapen what John 3:16 says. b. Do not turn it into a formula for “getting saved.” c. Jesus does NOT tell Nicodemus this to explain how someone gets saved. d. Let me give you the Chris paraphrase of this verse… Ready? e. God's love for all the people groups of the world is so immense, so great, that He took His unique Son, whom He ordained since the foundation of the world to be THE substitute and Savior, and He gave Him to fulfill that purpose so that all the ones who are believing on Him would not believe in vain and suffer eternal death, but would eventually be saved and granted eternal life. f. John 3:16 is not a formula for how to get saved… it is a promise to those who continue to trust God. g. Your faith… will be counted to you as righteousness. h. It is a promise predicated on God's great love for all the peoples of the world. i. What a comfort to us who are believers. j. But it is a terrifying thought for those who are not believing. k. So, what do you do? 5.) [Slide 22] Evangelism: “What about this text points us to Jesus Christ, the gospel, and how we are restored?” Though natural man is unable to understand and receive the gospel, God's grace enables men to see the truth and receive the gifts of repentance and faith. So, repent and believe the gospel. a. My friends. If you are here today… and you have seen clearly now that God is holy and will not allow even 1 sin to go unpunished. b. If you hear my voice and understand what I am saying that your sin has done nothing for you but carve your way to hell and wrath. c. If you have heard today of the grace of God and His gifts of faith and repentance and the assurances He has provided by trusting fully on Jesus as your LORD and your SAVIOR… d. Then it is reasonable for you to assume that God is calling you. e. It is reasonable to assume that God is giving you gifts of repentance and faith. f. So I implore you to use them. Turn from your sin. Trust Him enough to hate what He hates and flee what He says to flee. And believe on His Son who has paid your ransom price. Believe on Him so much that you will, from now on, endeavor to do all that He has commanded. g. Believe on Him so much that your allegiance has shifted from yourself, your will, your ways… to His. h. Become one who believes and keeps on believing on Jesus Christ alone… i. Then and only then can you inherit the promise of John 3:16. Then and only then will you know life and not death. [Slide 23 (end)] Let me close with a prayer by the Puritan Richard Alleine Lord, you are God, and your words are true, and you have promised goodness to your servants. You have left us nothing to ask from your hands but what you have already freely granted. Establish forever the word which you have spoken concerning your servants. Do as you have said, and let your name be magnified forever, saying, "The Lord of armies, he is the God of Israel." In Jesus' name we pray… Amen. Hallelujah. Benediction: The God who sent His Son to save, From guilt and darkness and the grave, be gracious to you and bless you And cause His face to shine upon you. Until we gather again tonight for the Lord's Supper, go in peace.

Title: “Who Commands the Waves and Wind?” Part 1 Text: Acts 27:1-12 FCF: We often struggle enduring in faith when we face circumstances, we know God could spare us from. Prop: Because God's providence often includes opposition from forces of nature, we must look beyond ourselves to endure in faith. Scripture Intro: Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 27. It is even more important for you to turn there today considering that there will be no text on the screen. In a moment, I will read the first 36 verses of Acts 27 from the Legacy Standard bible. You can follow along in the pew bible or in whatever version you prefer. As we hasten onward toward the end of this study in the book of Acts, one which has taken us over two years to get to this point, Luke ushers us toward the final episodes of this last Act of his narrative. Luke's purposes have never been to provide a strict history of the early church. Instead, he has written to confirm to a man named Theophilus, and by extension all believers in Jesus Christ, that what we have believed is true and dependable. In this final Act, Luke has not so subtly shown how God is in control of all things and works all things according to the counsel of His will to accomplish His purposes and complete His story of the world which He has already written. Paul has no more criminal trials to face save one. A hearing before Emperor Nero in Rome. A hearing granted to all Roman citizens who appeal to Caesar. And so, in what could have been a short 24 day trip, we will see that God has other things planned for this apostle. Please stand with me to focus on and give honor to the Word of God as it is read. Invocation: Most Gracious, Holy, Loving, and Powerful God. You are Alpha and Omega. You are the first and You are the last. From You all of creation has life and by You all of creation consists. There is not one rogue molecule in creation for You control everything for Your glory and for Your purposes. In a day and an age when such doctrines are derided and hated by natural men and even despised by some who claim to be Your people, I pray that we would find comfort and peace in believing that nothing happens without Your plan and consent and without some purpose for which You have established before the foundation of the World. Help us today to see these truths in spite of what our eyes see… we pray this in Jesus' name… Amen. Transition: Let's get right to the text this morning. I.) God's providence often includes opposition from forces of nature, so we must trust the Lord. (1-8) a. 1 - Now when it was decided that we would sail for Italy, they proceeded to deliver Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion of the Augustan cohort named Julius. 2 - And getting aboard an Adramyttian ship, which was about to sail to the regions along the coast of Asia, we set sail accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica. 3 - The next day we put in at Sidon, and Julius treated Paul with consideration and allowed him to go to his friends and receive care. 4 - And from there we set sail and sailed under the shelter of Cyprus because the winds were against us. i. So, after 2 years of waiting for the Lord Jesus' words to come to pass, that Paul would go to Rome to preach the gospel, it seems that Paul is finally on his way. ii. Paul, along with other prisoners, was transferred into the guard of a centurion who would have been stationed in Judea. A centurion of the Augustan cohort. iii. Luke no doubt provides this information to us to establish secular witness to the events that he is about to describe in the next chapter and a half. iv. Many of the events that follow are quite unbelievable. But Luke has provided enough information to track this Roman Centurion down and ask him directly if such things have occurred. v. Julius charts a merchant ship from Adramyttium, a city in a bay across from the island of Lesbos between Troas and Pergamum. vi. Why does he chart a merchant ship? vii. Quite simply, there was no other way to travel by sea in the Roman Empire. There were vessels of commerce and vessels of war. There was no such thing as passenger vessels. viii. This ship's destination was to travel the coast of Asia minor, no doubt heading back to the Adramyttium. ix. Luke also lists two more of Paul's companions who joined him on this trip and would serve as eye witnesses to all that happened. The first is very obvious. 1. Aristarchus, a Macedonian from Thessalonica, is probably the same Aristarchus who was dragged into the theater to face the rioting crowds in Ephesus in Acts 19. a. Aristarchus is also said to have accompanied Paul to Jerusalem on his most recent visit that has turned into a 2-year plus endeavor. b. It is impossible to know if Aristarchus has been in Jerusalem or Caesarea since Paul was imprisoned. But he seems to have been in Caesarea in time to join Paul on his trip to Rome. 2. The second companion is harder to spot, but since you all are very perceptive people, I'm sure you have spotted Luke in this text. a. In verse 1 it says “we would sail” meaning of course that Paul's companion Luke would join him on this trip too. b. So, both Luke and Aristarchus would be eye witnesses to the events that would follow. x. They sail 70 nautical miles to the city of Sidon in Syria. xi. The church had spread to Sidon some time ago. xii. Julius allowed Paul to leave the ship, probably with a soldier to escort him as waited for the next departure of the Adramyttium ship. xiii. No doubt these believers gave supplies to Paul and his companions for their journey. xiv. But verse 4 delivers a key theme for us in this entire maritime adventure narrative. xv. The winds were against this journey. We see great opposition to this trip from the winds of the Mediterranean Sea. And that opposition will only intensify. xvi. This Adramyttian ship endeavored to sail along the coast of Syria, but instead headed out to sea to be sheltered from the northwestern and western winds by the island of Cyprus. b. 5 - And when we had sailed through the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we landed at Myra in Lycia. 6 - There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy, and he put us aboard it. 7 - And when we had sailed slowly for a good many days, and with difficulty had arrived off Cnidus, since the wind did not permit us to go farther, we sailed under the shelter of Crete, off Salmone; 8 - and with difficulty, we sailed past it and came to a place called Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea. i. Sailing between Asia minor and Cyprus along the coast, the Adramyttium ship landed at its next port, Myra of Lycia. ii. No doubt the next stop for this ship would have either been Adramyttium itself or possibly Ephesus. And it probably would not leave for some time… perhaps not even until after winter. iii. Therefore, Julius is forced to chart another ship whose destination would be Italy. iv. We find that Julius charts an Alexandrian ship. These were from the city of Alexandria and would transport grain throughout the Roman Empire, but especially to Rome. v. Having landed in Myra, this ship either came up the coast, past Judea and Syria, and had landed in Myra seeking to head west, or perhaps headed north straight through the Mediterranean toward the easily visible mountainous coast of Asia Minor. vi. We can read between the lines of Luke's record here to understand that the sailing was anything but smooth or predictable. vii. From Cnidus, which was a common port city having two ports, one on the North and one on the South, either they aimed to sail across the Aegean, potentially to Corinth or Athens or perhaps they did intend to sail to the northern edge of Cete to go around the Balkan Peninsula. viii. But because of the dangerous gales, they were forced to once again seek the shelter of the large island of Crete sailing south past the cape of Salmone. ix. Once again, we see the difficulty of the trip and how the forces of nature seem to oppose the will of Jesus and the intention of His apostle. x. With much trouble and very slowly they finally arrive at a southern port on the island of Crete known as Fair Havens near the city of Lasea. c. Summary of the Point: In this maritime adventure which Luke records for us, we could very easily lose the forest for the trees if we are not careful. We could get wrapped up in the adventure of the storm tossed ship and miss the greater message that Luke is revealing to Theophilus and all believers needing assurance that what they have believed is firm and solid. Jesus told Paul 2 years ago that he would go to Rome to preach the gospel… and now the very wind and sea oppose him getting there. But as the sermon title asks… who commands the wind and the sea? John Chrysostom, an early church father said of this passage of scripture, “See how God does not alter or change the order of nature but allows him to sail into unfavorable winds. But even so the miracle happens.” John Chrysostom Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles. In another work he says, “Again trials, again contrary winds. See how the life of the saints is so composed of all these things: he escaped the court, and they fall into a shipwreck and a storm.” John Chrysostom Catena on the Acts of the Apostles. In these two quotes Chrysostom conveys what Luke's aim of this story is. Paul has been shipwrecked before. He has spent much time at sea. Why does Luke record this now? Because Luke, in his final chapter, wishes to convey the absolute sovereignty of God to take His Kingdom to the uttermost parts of the earth. But in that sovereignty, it is not merely raw Power that God is displaying… for the purposes of God are not merely to get His apostle to Rome but also to form and shape Paul's faith. As one commentator said, “God could demonstrate His power by stilling the storm (as in Luke 8:24-25) but also by preserving His servant through it...” “Luke's apologetic is not for a legendary divine man; Paul does not still the storm. But the account portrays Paul's character preserving through testing… as well as speaking wisely and rescuing his fellow passengers by God's power.” God commands the winds and the seas… but that doesn't mean He always works miraculously. Indeed, one of the more wonderous miracles God does is providentially sustaining His people through catastrophe. In this the miracle that occurs is our faith and hope, tested and built. Therefore, knowing that God does not always choose to intervene with miracles… but does keep His promises… we must trust the Lord. Transition: But in the midst of trouble and trial, when everything seems to be against us, and when forces that God says He controls seem to be out of His control… it can be very hard for us to trust God and to know what to do next. Although Jesus has gone to the Father to intercede for us, He has both promised to never leave us and to send the comforter. And the comforter is in our hearts and all the hearts of those who believe. Struggling to see where I'm going? Let's look at verse nine. II.) God's providence often includes opposition from forces of nature, so we must heed counsel from wise and godly people. (9-12) a. 9 - And when considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, since even the Fast was already over, Paul began to advise them, 10 - and said to them, “Men, I perceive that the voyage will certainly be with damage and great loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.” i. Luke does not track for us the departure date of this trip, nor does he give us any indication of exactly when Portius Festus took office. ii. So, we don't know exactly how long the trip has taken thus far – but he seems to indicate that what began as a doable trip to Rome has become less and less likely. iii. Luke tells us that the Fast was already over. Most likely Luke is referring the Day of Atonement which occurs in late September to early October depending on the year. iv. And the best guess for dating this trip is in AD 59 when the Day of Atonement occurred on October 5th. v. At this time, mid-September to mid-November becomes increasingly more and more difficult to travel the Mediterranean as the winter months approach. vi. After this period virtually all sea travel would cease until around February. vii. According to a Stanford Geospatial Network model of the Roman World, it is estimated that under ideal conditions, Paul would have been able to make the journey from Caesarea to Rome in just under 24 days. viii. Which means that they probably left with at least that amount of time before really difficult sailing conditions would arise. ix. But as Luke indicates here, violent winds began earlier than usual this year and kept them from making any significant progress. Now they face only more difficult sailing conditions as they head further into October and November. x. In light of this, Paul advises those in charge of the ship that this journey will end not only in the loss of the ship and all its cargo, but also in the loss of life. xi. Essentially Paul is advising wintering in Fair Havens and waiting until February to reembark to Italy. xii. In this we have a few questions. First, is Paul speaking the words of prophesy or merely of human wisdom? If it is prophesy, does it come true? If it is wisdom, what makes Paul such an expert that he would advise seasoned merchant sailors? 1. As to the first question, is Paul speaking the words of prophesy or merely human wisdom – we must conclude that this is NOT prophesy. Why must we conclude that? a. Paul predicts that the ship, its cargo, and the lives of the passengers on the ship would experience heavy damage and great loss. b. Peeking ahead a little, we see Paul predict a little later that every life on board the ship would be saved. When he predicts this, he attributes that prediction to the Word of God communicated by an Angel. 2. Therefore, we must conclude that in this instance, Paul speaks merely by his own wisdom. But if that is so, what makes Paul qualified to speak to such matters? a. Having written II Corinthians sometime before going to Jerusalem, Paul has already told us that he had been shipwrecked 3 times and left afloat in the open sea for a night and a day. b. Luke didn't record any of these for us – but it proves that Paul is no novice passenger on a sea faring vessel. c. It also communicates to us the very real danger of travel on the Mediterranean d. Paul's concerns here are not just for the ship and the cargo but for the lives of the people on board. e. Since these ships were ships of commerce, lives didn't always factor in to the decision making of the owners, captains, and crews of these vessels. xiii. And that seems to remain true even after Paul gives his advice. b. 11 - But the centurion was being more persuaded by the pilot and the captain of the ship than by what was being said by Paul. 12 - And because the harbor was not suitable for wintering, the majority reached a decision to set sail from there, if somehow, they could arrive at Phoenix, a harbor of Crete facing southwest and northwest, to spend the winter there. i. Julius, the pilot, and the captain of the ship disagreed. ii. Their reasons are logical but next to the advice of a man of God, they are ultimately quite foolish. iii. The scriptures declare that the wisdom of men is foolishness to God. iv. So, what is the wisdom of men? Unfortunately, it is always tainted by sin. In this particular case… greed. 1. Fair Havens is not a port that provides adequate shelter for wintering. 2. It was not the kind of living conditions the crew desired to spend the next several months. 3. There was a significant risk to the cargo being spoiled or damaged, the ship being beaten up or broken, or even the prisoners escaping. 4. Ultimately the wisdom and logic of men comes down to dollars and cents. v. Instead of heeding the advice of Paul, they determined to get to Phoenix, a port giving great vision to both the South and the Northwest of the Mediterranean. A port right for wintering and one which they could depart from with relative confidence as to their heading. vi. This is the wisdom of men. But it will all go terribly wrong. More on that next week. c. Summary of the Point: Luke's point will continue to be how God's will includes providentially allowing the forces of nature to oppose His people. He preserves us through this, which is a testament to His grace, mercy and power, and He tests and perfects our faith in it. He does not always perform miracles to spare us pain, but miraculously sustains us through pain and difficulty while allowing us to continue to faithfully believe and follow Him, even when it seems as if He is slack in His promises. But as we face these difficult times and days, Paul provides another application for us aside from trusting the Lord. Not only must we continue to trust God in difficult times – but we must also trust the counsel of biblically wise people. Paul provides wise insight. And even though it is not about a “spiritual” or “theological” matter – he should have been heeded. When we face trouble, trial, testing and storms in life, we must look to spiritually mature counselors… NOT JUST for spiritual problems… but for all problems. Why? Because God's Word is sufficient to help us in all things we face. In all life and godliness the Word is sufficient. So, we must go to those who love and live by the Word for advice and counsel. And we must heed their counsel. Conclusion: So CBC, what have we learned today that informs and corrects our beliefs and guides our lifestyles? Basics of Faith and Practice: One common objection raised by skeptics of God is whether or not God can create a boulder so large that He could not lift it. It is not typically a question asked in good faith. For regardless of the answer, they think they've proven that He is not all powerful. Whenever someone asks a question that begins with “Could God…” you know immediately that the question is flawed. Why? Because God can… ALWAYS. There is nothing that is impossible with God. Ability is NEVER the question. The real question is about the will of God. And that is demonstrated right here in this text? Could God have stopped the storms? Could God have calmed the sea? We know He could. Why? Because He already did it. The Spirit of God moved on the face of the chaotic waters when He formed the earth. God the Father parted the Red Sea to allow the Israelites to walk on dry land. The Son of God stretched His hand out and said, “Peace, be still” And calmed a storm. My friends the question is NEVER “Can God?” it is always “Will God?” For whatever reason… God allows catastrophe to happen to all men… even His own children. Even His own apostles. Even… His own Son. He allows natural forces and even men's sinful nature to do many things to oppose His children. And we can guess at the whys of that… but maybe for today, we don't need to answer the question why. Because why isn't the right question! Paul addresses a similar argument in Romans 9 when some might complain that they were not elected for salvation and wonder why God judges them for something He did not choose for them to have. Paul says, essentially, you are asking the wrong question. How dare you question God. The right question… is what. In the midst of natural forces opposing me in doing what I know the Lord wishes me to do… What do I do? And this text provides two answers for us. One hinted and the other overtly stated. We must continue to trust the Lord's promises and we must heed the counsel of wise and godly people. But let me expand a bit on this. A few applicational groceries for you to make some spiritual meals with as the week unfolds. 1.) Refutation: “What lies must we cast down” or “What do we naturally believe, or have been taught to believe, that this passage shows is false?” We must deny that natural forces opposing God's people is a valid reason to question God's Word or character. a. This text alone proves that to question God's promises or God's loving character based on tragic circumstances is absolutely ridiculous. b. God's promises and God's character is not beholden to everything always going right for mankind or even for His chosen people. c. God does work miracles for the sake of His will but He does not ALWAYS do this, nor does He always do miracles in every identical situation that follows that miracle. d. God told Moses to strike the rock and then God told Moses to speak to the Rock. e. Moses struck the Rock twice and both times produced water… but God had OTHER pictures he wished to convey to Moses and to the Israelites by Moses speaking to it instead of striking it. f. Just because God acts differently or allows people to suffer or even die does not mean we are free to begin questioning whether or not God is all good, all powerful, all loving, or all just. g. The creature cannot say such things to the creator. h. His ways are above our ways, His thoughts are higher than our thoughts. i. When we think God has done something unjust… it is because our definition of justice is NOT God's. j. When we think God has done something unloving… it is because our definition of love is NOT God's. k. When we think that God has done something that is not good… it is because our definition of good is NOT God's. l. When we wonder why God didn't do something to prevent catastrophe… it is because we have put God in a box and treated Him as if He is like us… We have made an idol, called it Yahweh, and gotten upset when that fake god doesn't do what we think he should. m. We must repent… not Him. n. God is unchangeable. He does not lie. He does not sin. He is the same as He always has been. o. If life stinks, and catastrophe happens… our conclusion CANNOT be… That God has failed, or that God is a liar. p. This is the height of arrogance and idolatry. q. So what must we believe instead? 2.) Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must affirm that God providentially allows natural forces to oppose His people. a. God is absolutely free in His will to act according to His counsel. He has full freedom to do as He wishes and as He permits to ALL of His creation – including men. b. In His grace, His mercy, and His love – God does not desire the death of the wicked. c. That is a completely BONKERS statement. Of all the people that we should think God would be hunting down and squashing out of existence it SHOULD BE… the wicked. d. God is just… and He will judge them for their sin… But God does not actively seek out and kill wicked men. Why? Because we'd all be dead already. e. And here is another Bonkers statement in the scriptures… f. God's Son guaranteed that any who would follow Him would experience trouble. Jesus does not qualify that statement by specifying what trouble we experience. i. Is the trouble from those who might hate us and persecute us? ii. Is the trouble in the daily walk in living holy lives and turning from sin? iii. Is the trouble the common aches and pains and problems that all men face? g. Based on the entire cannon of scripture I think we'd have to say… YES! All of those. h. The scriptures say that all of creation groans in anticipation of the return of Jesus, the King of glory. i. Do you think violent storms that destroy property and lives are part of the creation's groans? ii. Do you think that diseases and sicknesses, aches and pains are part of the creation's groans? iii. Do you think that violent and wicked acts of men to snuff out life are part of creation's groans? i. My friends… God allows forces of nature to oppose all men, including His people, as a sign to us that things ARE NOT AS THEY SHOULD BE! j. When we experience heartache and trouble and problems and pain it should confirm upon us the blessed hope of our King's inevitable return to make all this right! k. If God always saved His people from calamity in miraculous ways… how strong would our faith be? l. Let me ask another question… If you always lifted everything for your child, including the spoon to their mouths, how much muscle would be on their arms? m. Were they called to lift a baby off the railroad tracks to save its life… they would struggle and strain and all would be lost. n. God knows we grow through adversity. We grow through struggle and pain. Not because He made us that way… but because sin has corrupted us THAT MUCH. o. The depravity of man is not some soteriological belief that only impacts us prior to conversion. p. My friends… sanctification – our growth to be more like Christ is long, difficult, fraught with pain and setbacks BECAUSE OF DEPRAVITY! q. The reformers believed and the scriptures agree that we are simultaneously WICKED SINNERS who have been declared righteous in Christ. We are all recovering pagans whose hearts continue to be factories forming idols on a daily basis. r. Therefore, we must believe that God sovereignly and providentially uses even natural disaster… to accomplish His will. Because His will is not ours. s. So what do we do with that? 3.) Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must continue to trust the Lord. a. Our God has promised that He will never leave us. b. He has promised us that He will seal us until the day of redemption with His Spirit. c. He has promised that He will give grace in a time of need to those who seek it. d. He has promised that He will sustain us to the moment that we have been appointed to die. e. He has promised to raise us up in Christ to join Him in the clouds. f. He has promised that when we join Him there we will always be with Him. g. So we face shipwreck. So we face wicked men shooting at us. So we face disease. So we face loss. So we face death. But we do so, knowing, that God will never forsake the promises He has made to us. We have confidence that if we face these things… God has willed it to be so for some purpose that we may never know. h. We trust Him. i. Trusting Christ does not mean trusting in a list of facts about God. j. Trusting Christ means that when tragedy occurs… we praise the Lord and trust that He is faithful. k. What else should we do? 4.) Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must heed the counsel of wise and godly people. a. Friends, although we have the Spirit of God in us, although Jesus has promised to never leave or forsake us, and although God in three persons is always present everywhere and when… somehow He knew that that would not be enough for our frailty. b. He knows our weakness indeed. c. And He has given us gifts… i. Apostles to form the church 2000 years ago. ii. Prophets to guide the church in its formation iii. Evangelists to expand the kingdom to the uttermost parts of the earth iv. And pastors/shepherds/ Elders to spiritually care for and equip the church locally to do the work of the ministry which is the edification of the body of Christ. d. In addition to that he has given generational mandates to older believers to care for younger believers and counsel and admonish them in spiritual things. e. He has given fathers to spiritually grow their own children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. f. He has given all of God's people His Spirit and promises where two or more are gathered and seeking counsel on some of the most difficult things… He is there. g. My friends… when catastrophe surrounds us. When trouble comes. When hope is fading. When we don't know if we can go on. When we don't know what to do. h. God has given us… the church. i. Not perfect. Flawed. But spiritually maturing and matured people who love and live by God's Word. j. Don't buy into the lie that you must see a specialist in the field of your problems to get help. k. If your problems are medical, financial, relational, emotional… and yes… spiritual… You can rest assured that God's word has something to say about it. And wise and godly believers can help you find it and help you pursue it. 5.) Evangelism: “What about this text points us to Jesus Christ, the gospel, and how we are restored?” Repenting of sin and becoming God's child does not give you a life of peace. In fact, it guarantees you a life of hardship. a. There are gospels going out today that seem to assure you that when you pray a prayer your life will be so much better. b. I just saw that MMA fighter Conner McGreggor recently made some kind of profession of faith in Jesus. He stated Jesus is King and that he has never been so at peace since believing this. c. I don't know his heart. I hope he is God's child. Time will tell. d. But here is what I do know. There is a paradox in the Christian life that all outsiders must see before they seek to enter in. e. Although in one sense being a child of God is the most peaceful, wonderful, glorious, amazing, fulfilling, and satisfying things there is… f. In another sense it is a life full of pain, anguish, struggle, hardship, betrayal, failure, frustration, and rejection. And not just in the sense that it is the normal human experience… but beyond that… being a Christian is directly linked to MORE of these than if you were not a Christian. g. Every single Christian in this room affirms this paradox as true. They have lived it. God's word says it. h. Jesus tells everyone to count the cost. He says that the only way to be His disciple is to take yourself, your desires, your comfort, your plans, your lifestyles, your money, your peace, your hope… and nail it to a cross… kill it brutally. Then follow Him. Then… and only then… can you be His disciple. i. He has paid it all… but make no mistake… it will cost you everything. And to true Christians it is a price… we gladly pay. j. If you have counted the cost and desire to follow Jesus, the Elders in this church would love to talk to you about that. Come see us… and don't dilly dally about it. Let me close with a word of prayer from the Apostolic Constitutions Lord God Almighty and true God, nothing compares to you. You are everywhere, and present in all things, but you are not part of your creation. You are not bound by place, and you do not grow old in time. You are not terminated by the ages. You are not deceived by words, and not created by anything. You require no one to look after you, and you are above all corruption. You are free from change, and by nature you never vary. You inhabit inaccessible light. You are invisible by nature, but are known to all thinking people who seek you with a good mind-your people who truly see and who have believed on Christ. You are the God of Israel. Be gracious to me, and hear me, for the sake of your name. Bless those who bow before you, and grant them the requests of their hearts, for their good. Do not reject any of them from your kingdom. Instead, set them apart for you. Guard, cover, and help them. Deliver them from the adversary, and from every enemy. Keep their houses and families safe, and guard them as they come and go. For to you belongs the glory, praise, majesty, worship, and adoration, and to your Son Jesus, your Christ, our Lord and God and King, and to the Holy Spirit, now and always, forever and ever, amen. Benediction: May the One Who makes the vapors ascend in clouds from earth's remotest end, Whose lightings flash at His commands, Who holds the tempest in His hands. Keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. Until we meet again, go in peace.

Vasa shares the story of the queer Arkadija archive - a collaboratively growing collection of struggles, fights, documents, pictures and much more about queer activism in Serbia. The archive that by now contains more than 40.000 documents started as a memory archive - to share knowledge across generations, for example about Dejan Nebrigić and Lepa Mlađenović, two activists who are seen as the ones who started queeer activism in Serbia in the 90s. Besides talking about milestones, collective efforts, challenges and ethics of the archive project, Vasa mentions that throughout the last years, queer archives popped up in several places on the Balkan Peninsula. More infos: @arkadija_arhiv and @rainbow_ignite

Title: “Providence and People” Part 1 Text: Acts 18:1-6 FCF: We often struggle balancing God's providence with our action. Prop: Because God's providence does not preclude human responsibility, we must engage in earthly and spiritual work. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to Acts chapter 18. In a moment we'll begin reading in verse 1 from the Legacy Standard Bible. You can follow along in the pew bible or in whatever version you prefer. Last time in the book of Acts we saw Paul complete his ministry in the city of Athens. During the Macedonian portion of the mission, the theme that seemed to be on display was the logical and biblical nature of the gospel message. That against the tightest scrutiny, the gospel holds up in every way. The greatest test for this was standing before the Areopagite and defending the Christian worldview. Which Paul did successfully. As Paul travels now to a new city, Luke pivots back to the central theme of Acts. What theme is that you might ask? Well, it is one we've heard many times before and will hear many more times before we are done. God is at work to providentially grow His church to the uttermost parts of the earth. How does He do this? Through the church itself. Please stand with me to give honor to and focus on the reading of the Word of God. Invocation: Heavenly Father, we know that You are the source for our life and all that we have. We know that without You we are nothing. We confess that You are in absolute control over all things that You guide all things to happen according to Your will to accomplish Your purposes. We also confess that we are favored participants in Your will and do often receive the gift it is to join You in Your work. So Father I pray that as You communicate these truths to us today that we would listen and we would enter into Your service, appreciating the gift it is to join You in Your work. Give us eyes of faith today we pray in Jesus' name… Amen. Transition: [Slide 2] A great philosophical question that has made its rounds several times has been, what came first the chicken or the egg. Such a question is rife with not just philosophical debates but also religious debates. At the center of it all is the question of origin. From the scriptures we can prove quite readily that the chicken absolutely came first. God created His creation with age and maturity. But at the core the question is a seeming paradox. For if you say the chicken, you must ask but from where did the chicken hatch? If you say the egg, you must ask but from what was the egg laid? In the scriptures today we see another paradox that like the question about the chicken and egg can be answered by understanding what the scriptures teach. The paradox is… God has determined all that will be and man is commanded to obey Him. How do these fit? For if God has determined all that will be, man's obedience is already determined, isn't it? And if God has commanded men to obey, doesn't this mean that God has not determined whether they will or will not? And round and round we go. But as we will see today, God's providence does not preclude human responsibility. Let's look. I.) God's providence does not preclude human responsibility, so we must continue to work for earthly provision. (1-4) a. [Slide 3] 1 - After these things he departed Athens and went to Corinth. i. After successfully defending the worldview of Christianity against the wisest men humanity had to offer, they could not condemn him for teaching about new demons. But their “wisdom” could not allow them to accept the foolishness that is Jesus Christ crucified and risen again. ii. Nevertheless, the Lord led a few to Himself through the ministry of Paul in Athens. iii. After this, Paul continues to Corinth, the capital of the province of Achaia. iv. Let's take a few minutes to learn about the city of Corinth. 1. [Slide 4] The city of Corinth was positioned on an Isthmus which was less than 5 miles across at its narrowest point. a. The Aegean and Mediterranean seas posed significant risk to cargo ships being lost. Salling around the lowest portion of the Balkan Peninsula, called the Peloponnese Peninsula, only heightened that risk as cargo ships attempted to transport goods around Greece. b. The Isthmus provided a unique opportunity to short cut days off of that journey. c. A paved road called The Diolkos, was made to connect both ports over land. Grooves were set in the road so cargo and even some small ships could be loaded on a large wooden platform and wheeled by men or animals. They drug the goods 6 kilometers to the other port and then unloaded it so they could continue the journey. d. This process would take several hours to complete. e. What does that mean? f. That means that the sailors and personnel on these ships had time to kill. g. And that is where Corinth came in. h. Corith was an extremely wealthy city. Not only did this sea route offer many customers to their several marketplaces, but even a land route running North and South brought customers as well. 2. [Slide 5] This made Corinth a hotbed of trade, worship, and literally any vice that you could think of. a. The population is estimated to be around 200,000 people plus around double that in slaves. b. By the time Paul arrived Corinth had a reputation for being the premier city for banking. c. When Julius Caesar reestablished the city, he designed it to present the majesty of Roman culture, religion, and values. Thus, Roman pagan worship and emperor worship was on full display at the time Paul arrived. d. Corinth also hosted the biennial Isthmian Games. Resembling our Olympic games, this was a series of athletic and even musical competitions to honor the Greek God Poseidon. i. Since the games were played on the Isthmus, the sea would literally surround the games. ii. Victors would be rewarded with a wreath crown made of wild celery and later Pine which was a sacred tree to Poseidon. e. [Slide 6] Although there is evidence that indicates that much of Corinth's reputation for sexual license is primarily related to Athenian propaganda to compete against the juggernaut city – we certainly know that pagan worship and sexual immorality go hand in hand. f. Indeed, when Paul writes to the Corinthian church in a few years – he will address their continued need to kill off these sins in their midst. v. So, Paul arrives in Corinth. What does he set out to do there? The answer – may be somewhat surprising. b. [Slide 7] 2 - And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, and his wife Priscilla, who recently came from Italy because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to depart from Rome. He came to them, i. Early on in the book of Acts, we noticed that at the Pentecost after Christ's ascension, Jews from all over the Roman world were represented in Jerusalem for the festival. ii. One of those areas represented with a large Jewish Diaspora population would have been Pontus. iii. Pontus is on the Southern Coast of the Black Sea in Modern Turkey. iv. Aquila or as some pronounce it Akilla, was from this region. v. His wife, Priscilla or as is mentioned elsewhere in scripture, Prisca, is with him now in Corinth due to a rather interesting development. vi. Around the time that Paul, Silas, Timothy and Luke were in Philippi, the Emperor Claudius issued a decree to expel all Jews from the city of Rome. vii. Why? 1. According to the Roman historian Suetonius, there was significant unrest and disturbances among the Jewish community due to disputes being raised between Jews and Jewish Christians. It is in Suetonius' works we find that the Christians were led by someone he calls Chrestus, which his most likely his misunderstanding of the word Christos or Christ. 2. And so just because Paul hasn't gone to Rome with the gospel – we ought not think that Christianity had not yet made it to Rome. 3. In fact, as we will see, the book of Romans is written to Christians in Rome, long before Paul arrived in Rome. viii. Apparently, Aquila and Priscilla were in Rome during this time (on the side of the Christians of course) but were still expelled since they were Jews. ix. So, Paul comes to them and joins with them… why? x. Certainly, because they were believers already living in the city of Corinth. But why else? c. [Slide 8] 3 - and because he was of the same trade, he was staying with them and they were working, for by trade they were tent-makers. i. Paul's primary mission for coming to Corinth most certainly is the evangelistic opportunity that such a large city would offer. ii. It was a strategic city to be in to share the gospel, of that we can be certain. iii. But on a more practical side, we see here and realize that Paul… is probably out of money. 1. Remember back to when he and Silas left Antioch of Syria. What was their intention with this mission? 2. It was to revisit the places they had preached the gospel previously and check in on those churches. 3. They had long since accomplished this mission. Having done so, Paul continued to search for new places which he could start an evangelistic work. Remember that the Spirit of God actually prevented them from going west toward Ephesus and then again prevented them from going east toward Bithynia. 4. Then the Lord led them via a dream to Macedonia. They have been in Macedonia while in Philippi, Berea, and Thessalonica. 5. Now he is in Achaia having spent time in Athens and now to Corinth. 6. In other words, the part of the trip they did not plan on has probably been as long if not longer than the part they did plan on. 7. While it is true that in Macedonia Paul was probably provided for by several people, in Athens his reception was limited and in Corinth he arrives with need to support himself. 8. Another potential reason that Paul needs to work, is because oftentimes, sheisters and hucksters would peddle their teachings for a price. Paul did not wish to be financially dependent on the contributions of those to whom he preached. This would ensure that his message and his livelihood were separate. iv. And so here we see Paul, not taking a break from evangelistic endeavors, but putting a priority on earning an income to fund the next leg of the missionary journey. v. Paul is a tent-maker by trade. 1. There is some discussion here as the word for tentmaking could be linked to leather work. 2. Since Paul was a Jew and this skill was no doubt one that he learned as a child, it is unlikely that he would have worked with animal skins to tan them and make leather, since that would be handling the carcass of an animal rendering him ritually unclean. 3. However, what might be intended by leather worker is some kind of artisan leather worker making specialty leather works. In which case he would work with leather already tanned and craft it into something unique. 4. But the arguments for leather worker are not significantly stronger than tent-maker. 5. So it could also refer to him making the outer rain proof layer of tents known as cilicium, a fabric which was produced primarily in Cilicia, which is where Paul grew up. vi. In any case, Paul had to work with his hands to support himself and build back ministry funds before he could launch into a full-time mission in Corinth. vii. But we know Paul don't we. viii. Do we think that he is going to take a vacation from preaching the gospel while he earns funds? ix. No… d. [Slide 9] 4 - And he was reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath and trying to persuade both Jews and Greeks. i. On his day off, the Sabbath, he would go to the synagogue and reason together with the local Jews concerning the revelation of the Messiah. ii. Reasoning here has the idea of discussing a topic and debating or proving it. iii. Paul is not taking a break from ministry. He is simply taking a break from full-time ministry in order to replenish his earthly resources. iv. But he is still trying to persuade both Jews and Greeks that Jesus is the Christ, the Savior, and the Lord. e. [Slide 10] Summary of the Point: In this first point we recognize some familiar themes Luke is emphasizing in the book of Acts. On display is the sovereign hand of God to bring about by providence all of His divine will. God obviously wills that His church and His gospel would go forward to the whole world. Paul is part of that work. But that doesn't mean he is all of it. Here we meet two individuals from the city of Rome who are believers already. Paul hasn't arrived there yet, and still the church has already been established in the capital of the empire. We also notice God's providential hand to bring them all together in the city of Corinth where the gospel will go forward again. Nevertheless, even though God's sovereign hand is putting in big pieces of the puzzle, and even though Paul is one of those pieces, God did not provide to Paul a limitless supply of earthly provision to enable him to continue to do his spiritual work. So what did Paul do? Did he spend time in prayer? Did he assume that he didn't have enough faith and that is why God wasn't providing? Did he start to question whether he was doing something wrong or not? While it is true that if we are doing what God wants us to that He will provide what is needed for us to finish our work – that doesn't' mean He will always provide in the way or in the timing we think He will. Here God provided to Paul by providing him Christian friends to join in work so he could raise funds. The application for us then, is that even if we are engaged in spiritual work for the Lord, even work that God is leading us to accomplish, it still may require us to use our talents, skills, energy, and time to provide for earthly resources for that spiritual work. We still have a responsibility, even though God is in control of all things. Transition: [Slide 11] So in this first point we see God's work in the flourishing of the church throughout the Roman Empire, even outside of Paul's missionary work. In this, Paul continues to provide for himself with earthly resources for the spiritual work there in Corinth. Both God's providence and man's responsibility are at work here. We'll see that continue throughout the entire Corinthian episode. II.) God's providence does not preclude human responsibility, so we must continue our spiritual labors. (5-6) a. [Slide 12] 5 - But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul began devoting himself completely to the word, solemnly bearing witness to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ. i. As we commented in an earlier sermon, the timeline here gets a little uncertain. 1. Silas and Timothy were supposed to join Paul in Athens and based on his letters to Thessalonica, letters he wrote during his stay in Corinth, Silas and Timothy did eventually join him in Athens when he was there. But Luke omits any of that. 2. Here we see Silas and Timothy coming from Macedonia. While this could mean Thessalonica, it could just as easily be any or all of the cities they had visited before. 3. No doubt Paul had met them in Athens and then sent them back to check on some of the churches throughout Macedonia while he went to Corinth to replenish the missions trip coffers. ii. Now Silas and Timothy rejoin Paul, having checked on the status of the Macedonian churches. iii. And with them there, Paul devotes himself once again to the full-time ministry of the word. iv. Why would their arrival enable him to do this? v. In a later letter he would write to Philippi from prison in Rome, Paul mentions and thanks the Philippian church for sending financial aid to him while he was in Corinth. vi. This reveals to us that the Philippian church helped to bankroll the ministry there in Corinth so he would not have to continue to be bi-vocational. vii. And what his the full-time ministry look like? viii. To the Jew first – as was Paul's motto. ix. He wanted to bear witness to them with all seriousness that Jesus is their Messiah. The next step in true Judaism. x. But as we have seen so many times before… the Jews did not have ears to hear. b. [Slide 13] 6 - But when they resisted and blasphemed, he shook out his garments and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.” i. Again, we find the Jews being slow to hear the gospel. ii. They resist and even blaspheme their own Lord because they cannot accept the terms He offers. iii. That they were lost and needed one to rescue them first from the tyranny of sin and death and not first from the national oppression they faced – that was a mountain they could not climb. iv. To accept that Yahweh would don human flesh and die to save His people was something they couldn't quite wrap their heads around – in spite of all the prophesy which makes the teaching so plain. v. Paul says in Corinthians that he endeavored to make known to them nothing but Christ crucified. This was the stumbling block of the gospel for them. The one aspect of the truth that they needed to hear and receive. vi. But they couldn't do it. vii. So, Paul shakes out his garments. A sign of judgment and woe. It is a sign of leaving them to the fate they had earned. viii. He tells them in no uncertain words that he is blameless for their eventual judgment. And that he will now focus on the Gentiles. ix. We should be careful here not to think that Paul is forever abandoning the Jews. x. We should only apply this to his ministry here in Corinth. For as we go forward in the book of Acts we will continue to see Paul go to the Jew first. xi. We will also see that just because he goes to the Gentiles, doesn't mean he is done with all the Jews in Corinth either. xii. More on that next week. c. [Slide 14] Summary of the Point: In this second point we see the providence of God in a new way. God has provided to Paul the necessary funds for him to continue his full-time missionary efforts. By the sacrificial giving of the Philippian church, the Lord has relieved the financial burden on Paul so that he can devote himself to the preaching of the gospel. Which is exactly what he does next. For us then, we must recognize the providential hand of the Lord and respond in faith and obedience. Paul's primary mission was not to stay in Corinth and make money. He was probably making good money there. His primary calling was to preach the gospel throughout the Roman world. We too must keep our calling and mission at the forefront of our minds. We too can be easily distracted and must seek to recognize when God has equipped us to move forward in our spiritual labor. Conclusion: Even though this is only part 1 of this message, what have we learned so far CBC? How then shall we live? Doctrinal takeaway: [Slide 15] As we've seen several times in the book of Acts, the title of this book could easily be the Acts of God through His faithful church. This is the summary of the book and it is the summary of this text. Since this sermon is part 1, you can probably guess what next week's message will be about as well. God's providence is something we cannot deny. We must believe that the sovereign hand of God orchestrates and controls every detail in the world to accomplish His purposes. We must believe this because the book of Acts teaches it. We must believe it because the whole of the bible teaches it. We must believe it because without such a teaching, much of the things the scriptures command us to do, think, believe, or trust in, make absolutely no sense if God is not in sovereign control of everything. If every detail of His creation is not under His direct authority and control, then all of Christianity crumbles. But, just because God is in absolute and complete control over every single molecule, does not mean that God has nothing for us to do within that. God's providence does not preclude human responsibility. God's providence and plan did not stop Paul from working for a living in Corinth. It did not stop Claudius from kicking the Jews out of Rome. It did not stop the church at Philippi from delivering sacrificial gifts to Paul in Corinth. It did not stop Paul from preaching the gospel to the Jews and the Gentiles in Corinth. It did not stop the need for humans to do things. In fact, for God's people, it only fueled their faith to be used to accomplish His will. God's providence and man's responsibility work hand in hand and not against each other. Therefore, we must be found faithful to engage in earthly and spiritual work, with our whole hearts, and all our efforts, not because it depends on us, but because it depends completely on God who has called us to do so. And we will see Him work His will through us, around us, and in us as we do. But let me apply this a little more closely to our daily lives. How does all this affect us here and now? 1.) [Slide 16] Mind Transformation: “What truth must we believe from this text?” or “What might we not naturally believe that we must believe because of what this text has said?” We must believe that the Sovereign Lord will always providentially accomplish His will. a. Now why must we believe this? b. Of course because the scriptures teach us this. c. Of course because all of Acts so far is a testament to this very truth. d. But think of what is at stake if this is not true. If God most of the time accomplishes His sovereign will and occasionally He doesn't get what He has decreed… what would that mean? e. Think of all the promises God has made to us in the scriptures. Now which one would you be ok with God not being able to come through on? f. Think of all the future events He has predicted for us in His word. Which of these are you willing to not come to pass? g. Think of all that He has taught us as absolute truth. Which of these will you discard because God couldn't make sure it was true. h. You see my friends, there is much more at stake than merely the free will of men when we start tampering with this doctrine. i. Man's free will has become the battle cry but the outcome is ripping down the certainty of all that God has promised us in His Word. Man's free will, a teaching that cannot be clearly found in scripture, is the altar on which we sacrifice the certainty of God's promises. j. Oh my friends. Man is free in his will, but only to act according to his nature. Man is free in his will, but only to act according to the decrees of God. k. God always… ALWAYS providentially accomplishes His will. l. He may not always do that with a miracle. He may not always do that in ways we would expect or hope for. But God ALWAYS providentially accomplishes His will. m. And it is to our great comfort and joy to confess such a truth. For in doing so, we confess the surety that all that God desires will come to pass. n. But, of course, we cannot pendulum swing too far can we? 2.) [Slide 17] De-Exhortation: “What actions should we stop doing” or “What behaviors do we naturally practice that this passage tells us to stop doing?” We must stop using God's providence as an excuse for passivity, laziness, or disobedience. a. God is a delegator. b. He delegated humans to keep and tend the garden and exercise dominion over it. c. He delegated angelic beings to watch and care for the human race and point them to worship Yahweh. d. He will delegate rule to the bride of Christ in the New Kingdom. e. God can and does act unilaterally to accomplish His will. f. But MOST OF THE TIME God uses secondary causes to accomplish His will. g. In this the obedience of His people, the wickedness of men, the disobedience of His people, and the uncommon decency of the wicked are all used to accomplish His will. h. God works in and through our natures and our wills to accomplish His purpose. With enough grace He could prevent us from sinning or guarantee our obedience… why then doesn't He do that? i. Is there only so much grace to go around? Or is it possible that even our failure works to accomplish His divine purpose? j. We are neither robots only fulfilling what we have been programmed to do nor are we passive agents floating along and no matter what we do God will still get what He wants. k. We believe in the sovereignty and the providence of God… but that doesn't mean we are fatalistic. l. Fatalism says, “What will be, will be.” There is nothing I can do to change the outcome. No matter what I do, it does not change what will be. m. We deny this. n. But our belief is that though God has determined or decreed what will be – we contribute to that end with our actions. He has already baked our actions in to those decrees. We get to participate in what He has said. o. So sitting around saying –. i. If God wants me to get that job, I won't need to fill out an application. ii. If God wants us to have kids, we don't even need to try. iii. If God wants me to get married, He'll bring her to me. iv. If God wants me to be in the ministry, He'll make me serious about His Word at some point. v. If God wants me to stop doing this sin, He'll stop me. vi. If God wants me to preach the gospel in Corinth, He'll supply the funds. p. You see my point. q. Idleness, laziness, and passivity are not the appropriate response to confessing that God is sovereign and uses providence to accomplish His purposes. r. Instead, it should be obedience. 3.) [Slide 18] Exhortation: “What actions should we take?” or “What is this passage specifically commanding us to do that we don't naturally do or aren't currently doing?” We must obey our Lord and follow His guidance. a. No future surety should enter our decision making when we consider what we should or should not do. b. To act in one way or another in order to attempt to secure an outcome that God alone determines, is to exit our lane of influence. c. Human responsibility does not enter the realm of results or outcomes. It stays, always, in what we choose to do within the confines of our nature. d. All men are told to obey the Lord. The Redeemed are able, by nature, to choose to obey the Lord. e. But we must be very careful as we discuss God's providence next to man's responsibility that we do not allow our responsibility to breech into trying to secure God's decreed purposes. f. The study of ethics like whether we should kill to save our family begins with a premise that you can and will determine their fate by your actions. It begins… flawed. Why? Because God ultimately determines their fate. You are only responsible for your own individual decisions. g. Therefore, the question should not be would I kill to save my family… the question should be… Does God permit me to kill to defend my family. For that is truly the beginning of the issue. Whether or not your family will be saved is not up to you. You are only responsible for the spheres of influence you actually have. Which is primarily your own responsibility to obey the Lord. h. I say all of this, hopefully, to simplify what we so often muddy. i. If God is in absolute control of everything and uses human action to accomplish what He has already determined, then we must be very careful, for our own sake, to do what He has commanded us to do. Because our actions will contribute to what God has already determined. j. If that is the case, it is only harmful for us when we disobey. Our disobedience will not stop His will from coming to pass – whatever that may be. Therefore, for our own sake, we must do as God has commanded. k. Paul knew that God had called him to preach the gospel throughout the Roman Empire. But Paul neither went to idleness, nor did he cast his hands up and say “no matter what I do God will have His way” l. Instead, Paul obeyed the Lord and took opportunities that were presented that did not violate God's commands. m. We are responsible not for outcomes but for obedience. n. Obey the Lord. Why? Because He is God and He said to and it will go well for you. 4.) [Slide 19] Comfort: “What comfort can we find here?” or “What peace does the Lord promise us in light of this passage of scripture?” God will not allow His purposes to fail or succeed because of you. a. We have a responsibility to obey the Lord. We must do as He has told us to do. b. Paul preached because the Lord Jesus threw him down on the road to Damascus and told Him to do so. c. He preached because he loved the Lord he once persecuted. d. He labored in tent making because he wanted to be free of financial burden so he could preach the word of God freely to all who would hear. e. But this passage especially shows the work of God and His church to be much bigger than Paul. f. As big of a piece of the puzzle as Paul is… he is insignificant to the providential and sovereign work of the Lord to accomplish His own will. g. Let this be a great comfort to us Christians. h. God doesn't need us and will accomplish His purposes without us. i. But what a blessing it is to be used of Him. j. Let us therefore purpose in our hearts to be willing vessels for His honorable use. Let me close with a prayer by the English Reformer Thomas Becon Maker of heaven and earth, you have created a path for us to walk in, and you have commanded that we wander neither to the right nor to the left —according to your will, without adding our own good intentions or fleshly imaginations. So as you have commanded, good Lord, give me the grace to do. Help me not to follow my own will, nor the fancies of other people. And never let me be duped or beguiled by the mask of traditions, decrees, ancient laws, or any other person or thing that conflicts with your holy ordinances and commands. Help me to faithfully believe and steadfastly confess that true godliness is only learned in your holy Bible. Then help me to order my life accordingly, to the praise of your holy name. We pray this in Jesus' name…Amen. Benediction: And now O Lord, rain down righteousness; let the clouds shower it down. Let the earth open wide, let salvation spring up, let righteousness grow with it; So that your people may be mature and complete, never lacking anything. Until we meet again. Go in peace.

In this episode of the I Can't Sleep Podcast, fall asleep while learning about Bulgaria. We explore the history, culture, and geography of this fascinating European country. Located in southeastern Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria is one of the oldest countries in Europe, with a rich heritage that includes Thracian, Roman, and Ottoman influences. From the picturesque mountains and Black Sea coast to the unique traditions and folk music, Bulgaria's story offers a calming yet intriguing look into its past and present. So, sit back, relax, and drift off as you immerse yourself in facts about Bulgaria. Happy sleeping! Ad-Free Episodes Want an ad-free experience? Follow this link to support the podcast and get episodes with no ads: https://icantsleep.supportingcast.fm/ GhostBed Visit GhostBed.com/sleep and use code SLEEP for 50% off. ProLon Get 15% off Prolon's 5-day nutrition program at ProlonLife.com/ICANTSLEEP. Factor Head to FACTORMEALS.com/icantsleep50 and use code icantsleep50 to get 50% off. DoorDash Get 50% off up to $20 and zero delivery fees on your first order when you download the DoorDash app and enter code ICANTSLEEP. BetterHelp Visit BetterHelp.com/icantsleep today to get 10% off your first month HelloFresh Go to HelloFresh.com/50icantsleep and use code 50icantsleep for 50% off plus 15% off the next 2 months. Jupiter CBD Oil Save 20% off your first purchase by entering GETSLEEP upon checkout, or click here: https://www.getjupiter.com/share/icantsleep SleepPhones Follow this affiliate link to purchase headphones you can fall asleep with: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=793 then enter the code ICANTSLEEP10 at checkout to receive a discount. This content is derived from the Wikipedia article Bulgaria, available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license. The article can be accessed at https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to another Flavors and Knowledge Podcast episode hosted by Chef Walter Potenza. Today, we're embarking on a culinary journey through the Balkan Peninsula, a region rich in history, culture, and delicious food. The Balkans, encompassing countries like Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia offer a diverse and flavorful cuisine influenced by centuries of cultural exchange. Historical Connections: The cuisine of the Balkans is a melting pot of influences from various empires and cultures that have ruled or interacted with the region. The Ottoman Empire, which controlled much of the Balkans for centuries, significantly impacted local food. Many dishes contain traces of Turkish, Greek, and Middle Eastern flavors. Additionally, the Austro-Hungarian Empire introduced Central European elements, while the Mediterranean influence is evident in the coastal areas. More podcasts by Chef Walter

146 BCE - 1204 CE - This is the story of the Balkan Peninsula from its post Classical Greek and Hellenistic period when it was conquered by the Roman Republic, through to the defeat of the Byzantine Empire by the Latins of the Fourth Crusade. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/historyoftheworldpodcast/message

fWotD Episode 2451: Theodore II Laskaris Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of the featured Wikipedia article every day.The featured article for Saturday, 20 January 2024 is Theodore II Laskaris.Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Θεόδωρος Δούκας Λάσκαρις, romanized: Theodōros Doukas Laskaris; 1221/1222 – 16 August 1258) was Emperor of Nicaea from 1254 to 1258. He was the only child of Emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes and Empress Irene Laskarina. His mother was the eldest daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, who had established the Empire of Nicaea as a successor state to the Byzantine Empire in Asia Minor after the crusaders captured the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Theodore received an excellent education from two renowned scholars, Nikephoros Blemmydes and George Akropolites. He made friends with young intellectuals, especially with a page of low birth, George Mouzalon. Theodore began to write treatises on theological, historical and philosophical themes in his youth.Emperor John III arranged for Theodore to marry Elena Asenina in 1235, to forge an alliance with her father, Ivan Asen II, Emperor of Bulgaria, against the Latin Empire of Constantinople. According to Theodore himself, their marriage was happy, and they had five or six children. From 1241, Theodore acted as his father's lieutenant in Asia Minor during his frequent military campaigns in the Balkan Peninsula. From around 1242, he was his father's co-ruler, but was not crowned as co-emperor. During this period, his relationship with some prominent aristocrats, particularly Theodore Philes and Michael Palaiologos, grew tense.Theodore succeeded his father on 4 November 1254. He dismissed many high officials and army commanders of aristocratic origin, replacing them with loyal friends, including some of low birth. The same year, he made a defensive alliance with Kaykaus II, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum, against the Mongol Empire. In 1256, he repelled a Bulgarian invasion of Thrace and Macedonia and forced Michael II Komnenos Doukas, the ruler of Epirus, to cede Dyrrachium on the coast of the Adriatic Sea to Nicaea. He reformed the military, recruiting more soldiers from among the native peasantry of Asia Minor. Eventually, Michael II of Epirus forged an alliance with Stefan Uroš I, King of Serbia, and Manfred of Sicily against Nicaea. Theodore's newly appointed generals could not resist their joint invasion in 1257. Theodore fell seriously ill and could rarely take part in state administration during the last months of his life. He appointed George Mouzalon regent for his underage son, John IV, before dying of either chronic epilepsy or cancer. In ten days, Mouzalon fell victim to an aristocratic plot, and Michael Palaiologos assumed the regency, usurping the throne soon after.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:48 UTC on Saturday, 20 January 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Theodore II Laskaris on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Kendra Standard.

Inhabiting the Balkans in antiquity, the Illyrians played a vital role in Ancient History. From their renowned reputation as skilled craftsmen, through to their seafaring ways - the Illyrians left their mark on the archaeological record. But what do we actually know about the Illyrians, and were they actually traders - or did they have a more sinister reputation on the high seas?In this episode Tristan welcomes Dr Danijel Dzino to the podcast, to delve into the mysterious world of the Illyrians. Looking at what the archaeology tells us about their tribal societies, how their civilisation flourished, and whether it's fair to call them Pirates - is it possible to define who the Illyrians were? And what can we learn about them from the Balkan Peninsula today?Discover the past with exclusive history documentaries and ad-free podcasts presented by world-renowned historians from History Hit. Watch them on your smart TV or on the go with your mobile device. Get 50% off your first 3 months with code ANCIENTS sign up now for your 14-day free trial HERE. You can take part in our listener survey here.

In the sweeping landscape of European history, few events proved to be as transformative or as destructive as the outbreak of World War I. This tragic epoch was set into motion when the intricately balanced scales of power tipped towards conflict on July 28, 1914, as Austria-Hungary declared war on the small but resolute nation of Serbia. This seemingly regional dispute, fueled by a web of political alliances, burgeoning nationalistic sentiments, and a steady undercurrent of unresolved tensions, sparked a global conflagration that forever changed the course of history. In the early 20th century, Europe was a mosaic of empires, each poised precariously on the brink of change. The continent's political landscape was marked by a tense yet delicate equilibrium maintained by two alliances - the Triple Entente, comprising France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, and the Central Powers, consisting primarily of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. This polarized setting was not one of peace, but a cold waiting room of war, where each player held their breath, waiting for the spark that would ignite the looming catastrophe. In this climate, the Balkan Peninsula earned its moniker as the "Powder Keg of Europe". A tinderbox of ethnicities, religions, and competing interests, it was a region plagued with volatility, its nations like Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina caught in a relentless tussle for freedom and dominance. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo, Bosnia, was the proverbial spark that ignited this powder keg. A distant gunshot in Sarajevo resonated throughout the palaces, parliaments, and war offices of Europe, leading to the world's first truly global war. Our journey through this turbulent chapter of history begins here, at the genesis of a conflict that would soon embroil the entire world, and continue to shape the geopolitical landscape even a century later. We'll traverse through tangled alliances, national aspirations, human courage, and the tragic costs of war. As we delve into the events leading up to, during, and after Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia, we'll uncover not just a story of nations and leaders, but also the extraordinary tales of ordinary individuals caught in the storm.

Have you ever wanted to sound just like a native speaker and create your own identity in a language? In the 4th episode of Samthing To Say, Sam and Eliseu received Andrijana, a polyglot, to discuss the creation of an identity in a foreign language, the Macedonian language, Brazilian Portuguese, the cultures of the Balkan Peninsula and much more. - Andrijana Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/andrijana.dri/ Instagram "Art Of Saudade": ⁠https://www.instagram.com/art_of_saudade/ Instagram: ⁠https://www.instagram.com/stihijana/ Art Of Saudade Website: https://artofsaudade.com/ - Polyglosam Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@polyglosamInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/polyglosam/channel/Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0TwtufgjkUzdccvRKjsVVQ- PolyglosamTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@polyglosam - LingoCast - Social Instagram: @LingocastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100071060924652https://linktr.ee/lingocastLanguageBoost - Use the coupon LINGOCAST for 5% OFF on the entire website: https://languageboost.biz/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lingocast@eliseurjr

Located in southeastern Europe is the Balkan Peninsula. It is home to multiple ethics groups, languages, and religions.  It has one of the most dynamic and confusing histories of anywhere in Europe, with multiple migrations of people arriving over the centuries.  Not surprisingly, it has also been the source of many conflicts, some of which are still ongoing today. Learn more about the Balkans, its history, and what it consists of on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Sponsor If you're looking for a simpler and cost-effective supplement routine, Athletic Greens is giving you a FREE 1 year supply of Vitamin D AND 5 free travel packs with your first purchase. Go to athleticgreens.com/EVERYWHERE.  Subscribe to the podcast!  https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Peter Bennett & Thor Thomsen   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for January 24, 2023 is: balkanize • BAWL-kuh-nyze • verb Balkanize is an often-capitalized verb meaning "to break up (a region, a group, etc.) into smaller and often hostile units." It can also mean "to divide or compartmentalize." // Opponents argue that the proposed legislation would only serve to Balkanize the country. // Rock is one of many musical genres that has been balkanized into an array of subgenres. See the entry > Examples: "The so-called Clean Networks Initiative used a 'trusted-country-of-origin' requirement to insulate the U.S. from Chinese technology, while pressing American allies to exclude Chinese equipment from their 5G telecom networks. But splitting the digital world in half would balkanize the technical standards that companies and governments use to collaborate across borders, thereby restricting their ability to innovate." — Andy Purdy, Fortune, 9 May 2021 Did you know? The Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe is lapped by the Adriatic Sea in the west and the Black Sea in the east. It is named for the Balkan Mountains, a mountain range which extends across Bulgaria from its border with Serbia to the Black Sea. (Balkan comes from the Ottoman Turkish balḳān, meaning "wooded mountain or mountain range.") The Balkan States are commonly characterized as comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia, with mainland portions of Greece and the European portion of Turkey often being included as well. The English word, which is often capitalized, is the lexical offspring of geography and history: the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century led to a series of revolts that accelerated the fracturing of the region into smaller states whose unstable coexistence led to violence that came to a head in World War I. Since the early 20th century, balkanize and its related noun, balkanization, have come to refer to the kind of divisive action that can weaken countries or groups, among other things.

Brett Wilson has a fascinating conversation with nature photographer and author, Erik Stensland, about his journey from Europe's Balkan Peninsula to the beauty and solitude of Rocky Mountain National Park. His books and stunning mountain and desert images are breath-taking,reaching deep into the heart and parallel the human soul, tying Nature inwith our own humanity. They have won several national awards, includingBest Travel Book of the Year, Best Nature and Environment Book of theYear, and Best Inspirational Book of the Year.He has spent nearly twenty years celebrating the beauty of the natural world through photography and encouraging all of us to listen to the whisper within that calls us to a deeper life. Along with his Images of the Desert Gallery in New Mexico, he owns Images of RMNP based right here in Estes Park, Colorado at the edge of Rocky Mountain National Park.One of the most kind, humble and thoughtful people on the planet, we areproud to welcome Erik Stensland to the show.

What does it mean to be the religious minority in a country? Part 1 of this conversation describes the challenges and opportunities disciples confront in a religious society where a Protestant is less than 1% of the population. Matej Sakec of the Evangelical Theological Seminary and Marko Romanjik, founder of the Startup venture Go!ng Places talk with Dennis

Instead of waking up on the wrong side of the bed, in Croatian, you say you step on your left leg first. Croatia is a country located in the northwestern part of the Balkan Peninsula, full of rich history and culture. In this episode, I will be talking with Irena, a native Croatian speaker from Split. She'll be providing a linguistical overview of Croatian, like pronunciation, dialects, and grammatical structures, including the 7 different types of 'cases' and what they are. We'll talk about her favorite Croatian words and idioms and what advice she has for any learners interested in Croatian. Finally, we'll conclude the conversation with a fun discussion of Croatian coffee culture and other unique festivities. Please check out her Instagram here: https://www.instagram.com/irenascrocafe/

Albania is a predominantly Muslim country located on Southeastern Europe's Balkan Peninsula — a beautiful country with a fascinating history, natural beauty, to-die-for Mediterranean cuisine, and colorful culture. For a long time, it was one of the last communist countries. Known as Europe's unpolished diamond, the country has untapped potential despite its many challenges. Tongue Out is one of the organizations working in the country with the mission to provide support and alleviate the quality of life for its citizens, with the help of no less than the organization's President in Albania,  Luis Jonas.This episode features the rare privilege of having the organization's head as a guest. Luis Jonas generously shares his time and lets us peek behind the curtains of his team's hard work as well as the opportunity areas in the country - one of which is the health sector.   Memorable Quotes:“Love God, love people, and have a blast.” — Luis Jonas“Life is what happens when you make other plans.” — Paul Roberts“I believe if God is calling me to go somewhere, he is going to also not only equip me but also provide the resources necessary for me to get there.” — Luis Jonas“Don't analyze this and don't analyze that, but in all your ways acknowledge Him and He will direct your path.” — Luis JonasOther Resources: Tongue OutNovoAbout the Guests:Luis Jonas is the president of Tongue Out Medical Missions and Food Pantry Director at Crossline Community Church. Under his leadership, the organization has helped hundreds of lives and increased awareness on poignant health issues in the country.About the Host:Dung Trinh, MD is the Chief Medical Officer of Irvine Clinical Research, medical missionary with TongueOut Medical Missions, and holds leadership positions with multiple health care organizations in Orange County. He is a keynote speaker, best-selling author, and Host of “Health Talks with Dr. Trinh” which can be heard weekly on OC Talk Radio.Connect with Dr. TrinhHealthTalks OC WebsiteTongue OutFacebookLinkedInYoutube

*Please note: this podcast series contains graphic audio content that some may find difficult to listen to. Discretion advised.*  The theme for Holocaust Memorial Day this year is 'One Day'.  Every day this week, we are marking the event with a daily podcast, read by Carol Jempson, a member of the Isle of Man Jewish Community. Carol shares the stories and experiences of real people, recalling One Day in history that changed their lives. Today, a story from the Balkan Peninsula, as a former refugee recalls their childhood being changed forever One Day, when their home in the regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina was wracked by war.

Comprised of more than 2000 islands on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece is bounded by bluer-than-blue water. Ionian Sea! Aegean Sea! Mediterranean Sea! Go anywhere in the country, and you're never more than 85 miles/137km from the ocean. And there are more than 250 sunny days every year. Greece also boasts mountainous national parks, monasteries perched on dramatic mountaintops, and ancient temple ruins from about 2000 years ago. Plus, a capital city known as the cradle of Western civilization. Add rousing folk music, intoxicating spirits (Ouzo! Retsina! Metaxa!), and Greek food — olives and olive oil, the freshest of fish, layers of phyllo dough, pillowy pita, meat on skewers — and you've got the makings of a great escape. In this episode, we briefly discuss Greece's influential history and wax lyrical about all the country offers as a travel destination. Then we recommend five books that transported us there on the page: a graphic novel that celebrates rebetiko music, a gripping family saga, a gorgeous retelling of Greek mythology, a literary novel about living in a liminal space, and an over-the-top (in just the right way) mystery-romance. Opa! For more on the books we recommend, plus the other cool stuff we talk about, visit show notes at http://strongsenseofplace.com/podcasts/2021-12-20-greece Books covered: Circe by Madeline Miller Middlesex: A Novel by Jeffrey Eugenides Rebetiko by David Prudhomme The House on Paradise Street by Sofka Zinovieff This Rough Magic by Mary Stewart Do you enjoy our show? Please support our work on Patreon! Every little bit helps us keep the show going and makes us feel warm and fuzzy inside - https://www.patreon.com/strongsenseofplace As always, you can follow us at: Our web site at Strong Sense of Place Twitter  Instagram Facebook  

Title: Assessing the Battlefield Text: II Timothy 4:9-22 FCF: We often struggle ministering to each other. Prop: Because the members of the body of Christ need each other, we must minister to one another. Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to II Timothy 4. Today will be our last sermon in II Timothy, and the Pastoral Epistles as a whole. I have found them to be incredibly challenging, uplifting, rebuking, and exhorting. I trust that you have too. For those of you who have sat under my preaching for a little while, you may be thinking – so 14 verses – we are going to be here a while. Well it won't be as short as last week, but we should be able to get through these last verses in a normal amount of time. Paul will finish the last letter we have of his with some final commands to Timothy. Within those commands we will find an incredibly relevant truth that we desperately need today, along with a particularly poignant application. Join me one more time in II Timothy, chapter 4. I'm reading from the NET which you can follow in the pew bible on page 1344. Transition: Difficult as it may be to draw much from a text like this – we must look closely or we may miss a powerful message. I.) Because the members of the body of Christ need each another, we must be among each other. (9-13) a. [Slide 2] 9 – Make every effort to come to me soon. i. Even though Paul is convinced he will die soon, he doesn't know when. So, what does he do? He goes right into planning as if things will continue. ii. There is a lesson for us here. No matter how bleak it gets – we are never at liberty to give up and resign ourselves to death or a fate we are certain of. Instead, we continue on doing what the Lord has called us to do. Until He calls us home. iii. Timothy's next movement, as Paul repositions his troops, is to come to Paul. iv. And Timothy must make every effort to do that… soon. v. Don't delay. Why? b. [Slide 3] 10 – For Demas deserted me, i. Of course, we need to ask ourselves a question… a question we will be asking a lot in this text. ii. Who is this person? Who is Demas? iii. Demas is mentioned in Colossians and Philemon as a co-laborer of Paul's in the gospel. These prison epistles were written under his first Roman imprisonment which occurred around 60 or 61 AD. iv. So about 5 or 6 years later, Demas went from a co-laborer to a deserter. v. Why? c. [Slide 4] Since he loved the present age and he went to Thessalonica. i. Paul doesn't elaborate on this – but loving the present age is the reason he cites. ii. That could mean anything from wanting to preserve his life, to earthly concerns like money, pleasure, power etc. iii. In any case, he did not finish his race. He did not keep the faith. He did not persevere. iv. Is it any wonder why Paul wrote this book the way he did, with such strong commands for Timothy to endure! v. Although we don't know for sure, tradition holds that Demas was from Thessalonica. vi. So in all these troop movements of God's forces aligned against the forces of darkness, Demas – went home. He quit to pursue more earthly passions – whatever those might have been. d. [Slide 5] Crescens went to Galatia i. So who is Crescens? ii. We have no idea. He is only mentioned here in the whole of the New Testament. iii. We know he went to Galatia. iv. We don't even really know if that is a good thing that he went there. Paul doesn't claim to have sent him. v. But if he too had abandoned Paul, we might think that Paul would have mentioned it. e. [Slide 6] And Titus to Dalmatia. i. Titus we should know well since we just finished studying an entire letter addressed to him. ii. As a reminder, Titus was with Paul at the Jerusalem council (Acts 15 and Gal 2:1-3); He was an emissary to the church in Corinth (II Cor 7:6-7; 8:6; 16); Here we see that he went to Dalmatia after his mission was accomplished in Crete. iii. [Slide 7] Since Dalmatia is very close to Nicopolis which is where Titus was to meet Paul after he was done in Crete – I think we can reasonably assume that both Crescens and Titus were not deserting Paul. They simply were not with him because they had gone on their own assignments. iv. And that is why he wants Timothy to come. Much of Paul's inner circle of companions are not with him. v. But Paul is not completely alone. f. [Slide 8] 11 – Only Luke is with me. i. Luke is probably the closest companion of Paul throughout the course of his ministry. ii. He was a doctor and regularly tended and cared for Paul's medical needs while he was in prison. iii. He was also a co-laborer in the gospel ministry and is mentioned in several letters from Paul. iv. If we went by word count or verse count, Luke is the author of about 40% of the New Testament having written both the gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles. v. So Luke is the only one there, but adding Timothy would still not be enough. g. [Slide 9] Get Mark and bring him with you, because he is a great help to me in ministry. i. Mark or John Mark was the cousin of Barnabas, and an early companion of Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary journey. ii. When they reached Perga John Mark, for unknown reasons, departed the two men and went back to Jerusalem. This was a point that Paul interpreted negatively. iii. Barnabas suggested John Mark again on a subsequent journey to which Paul refused. This led the two to part ways amicably. Barnabas took Mark to Cyprus and Paul took Silas. iv. In Colossians 4 (so by his first Roman imprisonment) Paul has Mark with him in Rome, indicating that his status for Paul has been restored to a co-laborer. v. And here we see Paul asking Timothy to stop and pick up Mark (probably in Asia minor somewhere) because he is a great help to Paul in the ministry. Clearly Paul has changed his perception of John Mark. vi. Interestingly enough, it was probably around this time – perhaps even in Rome with Paul – that Mark wrote his gospel. vii. But other troops, other generals in the Kingdom of light have also been sent away. h. [Slide 10] 12 – Now I have sent Tychicus to Ephesus. i. Tychicus was a companion of Paul in the province of Asia Minor ii. He was sent with Onesimus to deliver the prison epistles. iii. He was one of two men considered to replace Titus in Crete. He was ultimately not selected for that job. Instead, he was sent to Ephesus – one would think – to replace Timothy. iv. What a strong vote of confidence Paul puts in this man to replace Timothy. Of course, we knew that since he was also being considered to replace Titus “The hammer” in Crete. v. But it is not only people Paul needs, but also items. i. [Slide 11] 13 – When you come, bring with you the cloak I left in Troas with Carpas and the scrolls, especially the parchments. i. Paul needs a cloak. This coupled with the thought of Timothy coming before winter seems to suggest that Paul was not very comfortable in the prison he occupied at this time. ii. His first imprisonment was more like house arrest while he awaited release. This seems to be worse conditions as he awaits execution. iii. [Slide 12] So, the cloak must be obtained from Troas. iv. From Ephesus Timothy's most likely path of travel would take him north along the coast of Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula, since sailing across the Aegean to get to the pass in Corinth would have been especially dangerous. Along the way Timothy can get Mark, stop in Troas and pick up the items Paul needs, and then be on his way. v. Carpas is only mentioned here so we don't know anything about him other than he has Paul's coat! vi. [Slide 13] Paul also needs the scrolls and parchments. vii. The reason he needs the parchment is fairly obvious. He intended to write more letters, although we have no more recorded from him. viii. Scrolls, however, is an enigma. Some have suggested something as grand as a theological creed or confession for the Roman church all the way to documents proving his Roman citizenship. In any case, Paul needed what was written on them. j. [Slide 14] Passage Truth: Through all this, even though it seems Paul's life is coming to a close, he still needs God's people around him for ministry to others and to be ministered to. That is why he calls Timothy to his side along with John Mark. Until the Lord takes him, the ministry continues, and he cannot do it alone. k. Passage Application: So, Timothy must make haste to leave to be with Paul. l. [Slide 15] Broader Biblical Truth: Zooming out we know and understand that we each are not an island unto ourselves. We as the body of Christ, in order to function as we must, cannot expect to have all gifts, or be able to say to another believer – we don't need what God has given you. Indeed, in order to minister effectively, we need one another. m. Broader Biblical Application: So here at CBC we need to be among one another. We realize this, still remembering the early days of the pandemic when we considered it unwise to meet in person. Although a temporary necessity, it became quickly apparent that it could not continue indefinitely. We needed each other. And not just over the phone or in a zoom chat. We needed to be with each other. So that we could minister to one another. Even now there are several out sick, or who have been unable to attend for some time because of one ailment or another. We need them among us and they need to be among us when they are able. There is no replacement for personal, face to face meeting of God's people. Transition: [Slide 16(blank)] But merely being together is not enough for the body of Christ to thrive. We need more. II.) Because the members of the body of Christ need each another, we must watch out for those who oppose us and support those in need. (14-18) a. [Slide 17] 14 – Alexander the coppersmith did me a great deal of harm. i. Answering the question of who is Alexander the coppersmith is a difficult one. ii. There are several Alexanders in scripture. iii. Mark 15:21 - Son of Simon of Cyrene who carried the cross of Jesus. iv. Acts 4:6 – a member of the High Priest's family. v. Acts 19: 33 – A Jew wanting to defend Jews against accusation that they started the riot in Ephesus. vi. I Tim 1:20 a man part of the problem in Ephesus with Hymenaeus whom Paul handed over to Satan. vii. And finally, here a coppersmith who did great evil to Paul. viii. Ultimately, we don't have a lot of evidence to suggest that any of these men are the same as one another because we know that Alexander is a very common name in the Roman empire at this time. ix. Added to this, the only time the descriptor of “coppersmith” is used is right here in this text. x. Therefore, it is very likely that this is the only reference to this man in scripture – but there is some reason to believe that he could still be the same Alexander from I Timothy – still causing trouble like Hymenaeus. xi. What exactly he did to Paul is unknown, although we know that he opposed the teaching of Paul. xii. Some have suggested, believing that Alexander the coppersmith is the same as the Alexander from I Timothy, that having been excommunicated from the church he turned Paul in to the officials and even went to Rome to bear witness against him. xiii. Although it is an attractive option to help explain how Paul got from I Timothy and Titus to II Timothy, it is mostly guessing. b. [Slide 18] The Lord will repay him in keeping with his deeds. i. This is an allusion to Psalm 28:4 – an imprecatory prayer of David calling on the Lord to repay those who do evil for their deeds. ii. Imprecatory prayers get a lot of questions from New Covenant believers as we bristle at the thought of asking God to punish evil doers. How is this loving our enemies to pray that God would smite them? iii. Well, first of all, we don't view our prayers like the heathens whose prayers are meant to compel or invoke their god to action. We are not forming an incantation or spell to bring about calamity. God has sovereign freedom to ignore or even rebuke us for asking amiss. iv. But also, God has promised all men that He will repay them for their deeds. Evil for evil and good for good. And so, praying that God would do as He has already said – is not praying outside of His will. v. Paul doesn't tell God to do it now, or next Tuesday. It may be an eschatological context in which he is referencing. Meaning the final judgment is in view. vi. In any case, it is not wrong for us to pray that God would punish wicked men and women. Especially when we are not praying against personal enemies for personal reasons, but against enemies of God. But we should also be praying that He saves His people… who are all also at some point in their lives….enemies of God. vii. Can we pray for the punishment and salvation of someone in the same breath? I think we can. How? In the Lord's prayer asking for God's will to be done on earth as it is in heaven… that is praying exactly that. That God would either kill off the flesh of a man and raise up His spirit, or that He would punish the wicked. viii. So, Paul prays that Alexander the coppersmith be given what he deserves. Indeed, he is sure it will be. ix. But until that time… c. [Slide 19] 15 – You be on guard against him too, because he vehemently opposed our words. i. Timothy has his second major command in the text. ii. To be on guard against Alexander. Don't trust him. iii. Why? iv. He is not a gospel believer. He opposed our words. v. In short, he is probably an example of someone who has committed the unforgivable sin. vi. Meaning someone who believes the gospel is true but opposes it. vii. Paul telling Timothy this means that either this man is in Ephesus now, in Troas, or perhaps even in Rome. Paul is sure that Timothy will cross paths with him. So Timothy must remain vigilant. d. [Slide 20] 16 – At my first defense no one appeared in my support; Instead, they all deserted me – may they not be held accountable for it. i. In the trial of a Roman citizen there would be two hearings. ii. The first is to establish the facts of the case and determine if there is even a need for a trial. iii. This would sort of be a formal place to debate ideas and information without the muckiness of whether the person is innocent or guilty. iv. After that there would be a full trial to determine guilt or innocence. v. This first defense is this preliminary hearing which was held before a magistrate. vi. Paul is calling out some of his companions for not appearing to bear witness in his favor and thus he received a vote from the magistrate that his case would go to trial. vii. Nero was presiding over all Christian trials at this point – and he certainly would find a Christian leader as prominent as Paul guilty and execute him. viii. But why did all these companions desert him? Most likely because of fear. If they go, give him a glowing character witness, and the trial goes forward anyway with Paul being executed – guess who is next to stand trial? ix. But Paul asks the Lord for mercy. Much like Jesus and Stephen ask for mercy from those who lead to their death, Paul asks for mercy upon his friends. x. Here we note the contrast between Alexander the coppersmith and all these dear friends who were too scared to help him. xi. Why? xii. Alexander knew exactly what he was doing and stood in opposition. Paul's companions fled for fear and weakness. xiii. We may wonder if Paul is just complaining here or using this as a way to bring shame on those who abandoned him. I think though, it is the opposite. I think, having not named these people, he is writing this to assure them that he bears no grudge and that he has released them from their failure. xiv. It is actually a sweet and kind gesture to all who would feel certain shame for abandoning the apostle. xv. Besides, Paul ultimately did not need them. He drew strength from the one who is never weak. e. [Slide 21] 17 – But the Lord stood by me and strengthened me, so that through me the message would be fully proclaimed for all the Gentiles to hear. i. As is our hope when we are alone and none are left to help – The Lord is our strength and shield. ii. If God has called us to be and do something – He is faithful to supply all we need to be and do what He has planned. iii. Paul was sent to the Gentiles – and where better to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ but to the courts of Rome in the heart of the Gentile world. iv. Before the very emperor of the known world Paul would stand and boldly preach the gospel of Jesus Christ. v. And because he did this… f. [Slide 22] And so, I was delivered form the Lion's mouth! i. But wait. Isn't he going to be executed? ii. How can he say he was delivered from the lion's mouth? iii. My friends, Paul is already speaking beyond this world. iv. He has been pursued by the forces of darkness and demonic lies since Christ threw him off that horse on the road to Damascus. v. And with His final delivery of the gospel of Jesus Christ to the very courts of Rome… the forces of darkness have utterly failed to stop what God sent Paul to do. vi. And ultimately, the greatest weapons of the evil one, sin and death, have no hold on Paul. vii. Why? g. [Slide 23] 18 – The Lord will deliver me from every evil deed and will bring me safely into his heavenly kingdom. i. The Lord will deliver him from every evil plan done against him, and death will not ultimately win, for His sin has been paid and His eternal life secured. ii. This is the great hope of all who serve the Lord. That we will be broken and spilled out but delivered through the pale to the bright and glorious city of light. iii. To live is Christ but to die is gain. h. [Slide 24] To him be glory for ever and ever! Amen. i. And for such a thought ii. The strengthening and empowering of God to finish strong, to look death in the eye, to stare at the teeth of the evil one and there boldly proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ, iii. To know that Christ will present us faultless before the throne of God… iv. Indeed, for this He deserves all glory forever and ever. v. Amen? i. [Slide 25] Passage Truth: So once again Paul emphasizes the role Christians have toward one another. Certainly, all His strength is from the Lord and that is all he needs, but genuine brotherly support from likeminded believers is a welcome gift from the Lord. j. Passage Application: So Timothy must be vigilant against those who are not likeminded, and seek to support Paul by being with him. k. [Slide 26] Broader Biblical Truth: The whole of scripture shows that God is indeed our strength, our shield, and even when we are utterly alone – He is all we need. But He has also given His church to protect one another from threats and support one another through trial. l. Broader Biblical Application: And so we at CBC must protect each other from threats and support each other in trial. It should be ok for a pastor, church leader, or even mentor to say something like… “be careful of that teacher – I've read some of what he says and he may not have the truth.” It should be ok for all of us to warn each other to be careful of who we listen to and getting trapped in our own echo chambers too. And it should be normal to reach out and support one another when we desperately need it. If you are thinking… yeah, when the next person here has a trial that they need support in… I'll be there… You are in luck. There are some going through some pretty tough stuff right now. It's your chance! Transition: [Slide 27 (blank)] God has all we truly need. He is our strength. He is our shield. But in that He has also designed His church to function like a body caring for itself. And so we need one another's presence, protection, and support. But even this is not the end of what we need from one another. III.) Because the members of the body of Christ need each another, we must unconditionally love those of like faith and practice. (19-22) a. [Slide 28] 19 – Greetings to Prisca and Aquila i. So now Paul's final command to Timothy of this letter is to greet people in his area from Paul and his companions in Rome. ii. First on the list is Prisca or Priscilla and Aquila. iii. Paul first encounters this couple in Ephesus because they too were tentmakers. (Acts 18:2) Paul would leave them in Ephesus (18) which God providentially used them to disciple Apollos (26) iv. On Paul's 3rd missionary journey, he returned to Ephesus and wrote I Corinthians. Here he greets the Corinthians from Aquila and Pricilla (16:9) v. Evidentially they didn't stay in Ephesus much longer because by the following year they had a church meeting in their home in Rome. (Romans 16:3-5) They also risked their lives to help Paul, although we aren't sure of the details. vi. So now, about a decade later, they are back in Ephesus and Paul wishes to greet them. b. [Slide 29] And the family of Onesiphorus. i. Mentioned only in this book, Onesiphorus was a dear help and friend to Paul in Rome with his current imprisonment. Paul is asking to greet his family. ii. Now since Paul says Luke is the only one with him, we may wonder where Onesiphorus is. iii. It is very hard to know. iv. It is clear that although Luke is the only one with Paul – he is not the only Christian with him. Probably just the only one of his inner circle. Later Paul sends greetings from others. So we know Paul is not completely alone. v. So Onesiphorus could still be with Paul, he could be en route to Ephesus or perhaps he is delivering the letter itself. vi. It is hard to know. In any case, Paul wishes for a second time, goodness and kindness toward his family. c. [Slide 30] 20 – Erastus stayed in Corinth. i. Erastus is an assistant of Paul and someone Timothy had worked with before in Macedonia (Acts 19:22) ii. In Romans we find out that he was originally the city treasurer in Corinth (Romans 16:23) iii. And according to this passage, he stayed in Corinth. d. [Slide 31] Trophimus I left ill in Miletus. i. Trophimus is a possible brother of Tychichus from Ephesus (Acts 20,21) ii. Here we see that he went with Paul to Miletus which is a city on the southwestern coast of Asia Minor. Unfortunately, Paul had to leave him there because he was ill. iii. So what do we make of all these descriptions of people and where they are, are going, or have been sent? iv. It seems that Paul is encouraging Timothy and even the church in Ephesus with the news that many are still out and active in the gospel ministry. They are stationed throughout the Roman empire and are still working for the gospel. And so, Paul is showing his battle map and where the generals of Jesus Christ and His church are positioned. God is still moving… even though Paul is in prison. When Paul dies – the gospel of Christ will not die with him. e. [Slide 32] 21 – Make every effort to come before winter. i. But Paul's primary general needs to be in Rome. And he needs to be there very soon. Like before winter. ii. On the Aegean if you wait until winter to travel somewhere – then you are waiting until spring to travel somewhere. iii. Paul doesn't want winter to turn into spring because he may not have another spring left. f. [Slide 33] Greetings to you from Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the brothers and sisters. i. Paul sends greetings from those with him in Rome. ii. Every single name here does not have any other reference besides here. iii. These may be leaders or simply members of a local church who have cared for him and helped him get these letters out. iv. Along with many others there. g. [Slide 34] 22 – The Lord be with your spirit. i. This is a personal wish to Timothy alone that God would be with Timothy's spirit. ii. That God would give him strength to do all that Paul has commanded and to safely transport him to Paul's presence soon. iii. That the Spirit of God would strengthen his spirit to endure as The Spirit has for Paul. h. [Slide 35] Grace be with you. i. What could be viewed as a redundant phrase opens up when we realize that the “you” here is plural. ii. Paul wishes a final hope for the grace of God to be with all who are there in Ephesus. Not just Timothy – but all the church there as they face the battle for truth. i. [Slide 36] Passage Truth: So Paul finishes as he does most of his letters, with greetings. But these people will probably never meet. Still, Paul mentions some by name. How interesting to find how close knit this body of Christ is, and how much we need each other, that we are instantly comfortable with a person of like-faith. j. Passage Application: So Timothy must warmly greet those in Ephesus from those in Rome. One body, united in Christ, but miles apart. k. [Slide 37] Broader Biblical Truth: This is the glorious truth of the bride of Christ. The great sad story of it all is that as wonderful as our local bodies are – they do not compare to the whole of Christ's bride gathered from the corners of the earth. One day we will all be together and will all rejoice in His presence. l. Broader Biblical Application: It is that hope and that future that motivates us to greet others of like-faith and practice with energetic greetings. It is the tie that binds us together in Christian love, even when we barely know one another. Conclusion: So how do we apply this CBC? Even the Apostle Paul needed the company and support of the people of God. As influential as he was, he needed the church to minister to him and to help him minister to others. Do you realize that in about 2000 years of church history, the concept of Christ being your personal savior is probably only about 200 years old. As with all twists of truth, the concept is rooted in truth. Certainly, we all have an individual calling and election. Certainly, each of our individual souls are saved. We don't become 1 amalgum of souls to be the one bride of Christ. But we should also not be mistaken. All of Christ's true church share the relationship together to Christ. You cannot have an exclusively personal relationship with Christ. A personal relationship with Christ without the body of Christ is actually no relationship with Christ at all. So just as there is no such thing as personal, private interpretation of the scriptures, where each Christian gets to assign whatever meaning he thinks to the text… so also there is no such thing as a personal private practice of our faith. We are one in the Spirit. We are one in the Lord. And therefore, our lives are laid bare before one another. We must be present with one another. We must protect one another from wrong teaching. We must support one another in trial. And we must love one another – even if all we know about each other is that we are of the same faith. And this is incredibly relevant to us today for two reasons. I'll start with the grand reason and end with the intimate one. The grand reason this message is intensely relevant for today is because although we live in a world where communication with anyone is mere seconds away – we are among the most isolated and independent living people that have ever existed. No one likes leaving their homes. No one likes interacting with others. The pandemic only made this excusable. And I feel bad for those who are genuinely introverted people – because those who are too lazy or prideful to form relationships with others have labeled themselves introverts to provide to themselves an excuse. And that is all well and good in the world. But we as believers have an opportunity here, once again, to not be like the world. We have a chance at not being like the other nations. We can be so peculiar. We can be so different. How? By loving the assembling of ourselves together. By protecting each other from teaching that is in error. By supporting each other in meaningful ways, even if it could potentially mean great harm to ourselves. We could really leave the world scratching their head today by meeting a fellow Christian and instantly treating them like family. Stop using introvertedness as an excuse. Don't be lazy. Don't be prideful. Love one another as Christ loved us. The second reason which is a very intimate reason that this message is so relevant for us today, is because in a few moments we will head upstairs and partake in one of the most intimate practices of the church. Communion. A meal we share together to feed upon and be sustained by the very atonement of Christ… which He gave to us! Collectively! We the body, eat His body which was torn for us to provide a new and living way to access our God. We who are members of the New Covenant, do drink His blood which is the New Covenant which sprinkles us clean from our sin and will present us faultless before the throne of God. In just a few moments, we all – the true followers of Christ – will go a share a meal where all of us are sustained by Christ – which is a physical sign of the spiritual truth that we are all as one body sustained by Christ. My friends. All we need is our God. He is our strength. But He has given us a body for which we are but a member. Before we dismiss let me give a warning. If you plan to join us today and have never confessed Christ – please do not partake with us. This meal is a sacred spiritual meal and could have dire consequences upon your mortal life if you eat of it unworthily. If you plan to join us today and have confessed Christ but are currently holding on to a sin that you do not desire freedom from – please do not partake with us. Christians know they are Christians because of their hate of their own sin and their love of God's law. To love a sin with no desire to free yourself of it means that you cannot truly be sure you are a Christian. If you see communion as a way to earn grace, get saved, please God, or otherwise merit something for your eternal reward – please do not partake. You do not understand what this meal is and isn't. But friends, if you desire freedom from sin, fellowship with God's people, spiritual filling, righteousness, fullness of Christ, victory over sin, power to carry on in all God has called you to… then I beg you to come and dine. Be filled on the very truth of the atonement of Christ. Come and feast with us. And grow with us.

@stojche Cvetanovski (born in 1984 in Skopje, Macedonia) is just a regular rebel trapped in the urban chaos of the 21st century. The trigger factor that inspired him, was the local underground techno scene in Skopje. A city described by Derrick May and Juan Atkins as “the leading hub for Detroit techno on the Balkan Peninsula”. The expansion of the motor city sounds in the Macedonian capital and his mania for vinyl records triggered Stojche to explore his path and dig deeper in this futuristic music phenomenon. After a decade devoted to djing, he shifted to producing, and in 2009 he co-founded "argumento-music-group. He is one of the names on the European circuit that broke through with contributions to labels like A.r.t.less, DMK, Conform (@user-751044313), @subwax-bcn, @grounded-in-humanity, @sounds-benefit-records, @freundderfamilie alongside others. In 2011 he launched his solo imprint “Tangible Assets”. An outlet that has given him the freedom to explore and refine his trademark Detroit – influenced dubbed out productions. “Tangible Assets” reflects a personal statement with emphasized appreciation for the techno history. His discography marked him as one of the names that is still pushing forward the timeless envelope of the initial “hi-tech soul” legacy. In contrast, his dj sets provide further evidence of years spent behind the turntables, resulting in pounding journeys with a dose of emotional content. His constant pursuit for inspiration sits balanced with the pulse of the city life. Locked away in his studio in Berlin where passion and process all catalyze into waveforms of intense voyages, executed by a man who is well in tune with his craft. Stay Rave with #R13!

Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin...One language or different languages? Well, today we discuss the historical aspect and how the Serbian language developed. We also give you some examples of phrases used in different regions :)Pozdrav/Ćao/Adio! Support the show (http://www.buymeacoffee.com/mozekafapodcast)

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Christian moved from a very small country in the Balkan Peninsula, Macedonia with a population of less than 2 million people across the ocean to New York City first and then Chicago. Although very small, Macedonia offered the cultural and linguistic diversity that helped Christian in his new journey in America. He is now a successful entrepreneur, founder and CEO of his own company OXUM Corporation and shares with me the opportunities that America offered him among other things. 

In today's episode, we are joined by Parimatch's award-nominated content creator Vlad Dunyenko. We discuss all the usual goings-on and some surprise events in Kharkiv and on the Balkan Peninsula.

In our recent analysis titled “Turkey Assumed the Chairmanship-In-Office of the South East Europe Cooperation Process (SEECP)”, we referred to the 1934 Pact of Balkan Entente (shortly 1934 Balkan Pact) and described this treaty as the precursor of the South-East Europe Cooperation Process. In this context, we emphasized that the Balkans is the core of the “South East Europe” sub-region of Europe. Geographically, this subregion is fundamentally and primarily coterminous with the Balkan Peninsula, hence, is historically known as the Balkans. Historian Maria Todorova, who is well known for her work on the history of the Balkans, in titled book “Imagining the Balkans”, elaborately elucidates the Turkish roots of the toponym “Balkans” and explains how the terms of “Southeastern Europe” and “Balkans” are used interchangeably.

Title: Introduction to I Timothy Text: I Timothy Scripture Intro: [Slide 1] Turn in your bible to I Timothy chapter 1. Today we will begin our study of the Pastoral Epistles. The plan for today is to give a brief introduction to all three of these books (I and II Timothy and Titus) but then give a more substantial introduction for I Timothy, and then read the book itself. That should just about deplete our time for today. So there won’t be a lot of “preaching” today – mostly teaching. First let me introduce the Pastoral Epistles generally. Now why are they called the Pastoral Epistles? As we crack open each of these books, what will become apparent is that this is sort of an unfortunate name. When hearing the name “Pastoral Epistles” one might assume that these epistles give instruction to anyone who would be a pastor in a church on how to be a pastor in a church. Such assumptions has led many to conclude that, if they are not a pastor, then these books really weren’t written with them in mind. I assure you that nothing could be further from the truth. What makes these epistles, “Pastoral”, is that they were, all three, written to pastors. Yet, even this is somewhat untrue in the sense that Timothy and Titus were installed ELDERS, overseers, or bishops, of the churches in which they exercised their gift of pastor/teacher. As Paul reveals in Ephesians 4 – apostles, prophets, evangelists, and pastor/teachers are gifts given by Christ for the formation and stability of the church. Pastor is less a title or office and more a gift. Of course, we don’t use the term bishop since it has been used (and maybe abused) by the Roman Catholic Church. Overseer describes more an action than a title. Elsewhere in scripture we see this role described as Elders, which has Jewish roots to the elders of cities, clans and tribes who would judge disputes and exercise general leadership. But even if we corrected this and said that these epistles are Elder Epistles, we’d still miss the mark slightly. Although these epistles were written to Elders in two particular churches, the truth is that most epistles were written to elders in particular churches. So, what makes these epistles unique? I think if I could just be in charge of renaming it, I’d probably call these three epistles The Ecclesiastical Epistles. Meaning they were written specifically to talk about the order, practice, behavior, purpose, direction and focus of the entity known as the ecclesia, the assembly, the church. Not the building, but the people. Not necessarily on an individual level, as most epistles are written, but as a body of believers. These letters, written to the Elders presiding over the church, are primarily instructing the Elder how to order the church, correct people, what to do, how to do it and all this with the backdrop of being gospel-formed, gospel-shaped, and gospel-preserved people defending the faith and representing Christ and His Kingdom, well. Within this, there is specific instruction to each Elder (Timothy and Titus) but what is clear is that this instruction is in reference to their role in forming the church into this gospel changed assembly. So, when we say the Pastoral Epistles, we must understand that these are written for and to the church, the assembly of God, in a particular time and context but with truths and expectations for every church in every time and context. And who would be better to trust and charge with enacting such instruction, than the very people God has put in place to serve and lead each church? So, if you’ve ever thought – oh, Pastoral epistles, probably nothing for me there. You couldn’t be more wrong. So now that we know what these three books are – let’s talk about who wrote them. Authorship: [Slide 2] Paul introduces himself in the typical greeting in each book. So immediately we are a step ahead of the epistles of John, who in all three does not name himself. So now, the question is not who are they written by, but rather, is it authentic? In other words, the question of who wrote this book is not a question of identification but of canonization. If Paul is not the author, than these books should not be in the bible at all. It has been argued by recent scholars that these epistles are not distinctly Pauline. Much of the argument comes from analyzing the vocabulary Paul uses in his other letters, as well as sentence structure and idioms and phrases common to Paul. What is remarkable, and indisputable, is that these 3 epistles have much fewer similarities to Paul’s other 10 epistles than these 10 have to one another. The 10 epistles we know are Pauline (which doesn’t include Hebrews) have remarkable similarities in style, syntax, and vocabulary. All this pushes us to conclude that the pastoral epistles are very different than the other 10 by Paul. But, does that really mean Paul didn’t write it? Of course not. We have already talked about the unique purpose behind this group of letters. And the fact that they all claim Pauline authorship and are remarkably similar to each other, tells us the most likely reason they differ so sharply from the other Pauline letters, is not because someone else wrote them, but because Paul’s purpose is drastically different in these letters than in all his other letters. When you add to this that these letters have been quoted by Polycarp, Athenagoras and other early church fathers as both Pauline and divinely inspired, it makes the counter argument for non-Pauline authorship seem fairly weak. Added to this, the personal connections to both Timothy and Titus and the authority upon which the author speaks, makes our conclusion that Paul is the author, inescapable. So we have Paul’s primary theme in these letters and that he wrote them – but when? Date: [Slide 3] The trouble with dating these books comes when we try to assign them into the account of Paul’s journeys in Acts. Paul leaving Timothy in Ephesus and going on to Macedonia, Paul leaving Titus on Crete – all of these events do not fit into any context of the 28 chapters of Acts. We can guess that Paul’s imprisonment in Rome, recorded in Acts 28, took place probably around AD 60-61. It was here that Paul wrote the prison epistles (Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians and Philemon). What has long been held as tradition, although we don’t have a lot of evidence to support it, is that after 2 years in prison, and perhaps after the fires in Rome set by Nero himself, Paul was released due to lack of evidence against him. At that point, Paul went on his fourth missionary journey reaching the outer limits of the Roman empire – possibly as far west as Spain. If he was journeying that far, it would make complete sense for him to appoint Elders that he trusted in churches with problems. Two of which were Ephesus and Crete. Assuming this is true – and since there are no other clear answers – we can guess that Paul writes I Timothy from Macedonia, travels around the Balkan Peninsula, or perhaps across it, and settles in a city called Nicopolis on western shore of Greece on the Ionian sea. Perhaps as he travels around the Balkan Peninsula he passes by Crete, putting him of the mind to write to Titus. From there, we have no idea where Paul goes – but we do find him writing again to Timothy from prison in Rome. This time, the conditions seem different. He asks for a cloak indicating that he is in a less comfortable prison than he was when he wrote the prison epistles. So the writing of I Timothy and Titus is probably somewhere between AD 63-65 and II Timothy around AD 65/66. Corpus or Thematic Series? [Slide 4] From here on out, we won’t treat these Epistles the same way we did the epistles of John. John’s epistles shared a similar context, audience, theme, and goal and therefore addressing each of them independently but as one unit was quite appropriate. However, the Pastoral epistles while linked thematically, vary widely in audience, and even situation. Although it is true that of the 3 I Timothy and Titus are very similar, even then we must understand that Crete and Ephesus, while needing similar instruction, had unique contexts to present that same information. While The epistles of John could be viewed as 3 parts of one story – the Pastoral Epistles would be more like 3 stories in one series. All that to say – that now we will address each book independently knowing that they are connected by theme – but otherwise should be treated more independently from one another that we did for John’s Epistles. So let’s get specific to I Timothy. Who is Timothy? Reader: [Slide 5] Timothy was the son of a Gentile father and Jewish mother named Eunice. His mother came to Christ prior to Paul’s 2nd Missionary journey. His mother and grandmother Lois were responsible in teaching him the scriptures. (Most of this we discover in II Timothy) He lived in Lystra. He came to Christ during Paul’s first missionary journey when he visited Lystra in Acts 14. During the second journey Paul and Silas added Timothy to their party (Acts 16). Paul had him circumcised mainly to not be a stumbling block to those he ministered to since he was half Jewish. Timothy co-wrote with Paul 6 of his 10 non-pastoral epistles. He was sent to Thessalonica, Macedonia, Philippi and Corinth. Overall, Paul trusted him implicitly, although there was one character flaw with Timothy. Paul in a couple places speaks of how timid Timothy was. He was probably not a coward so much, as he was simply soft spoken and easy to be steamrolled. What is the particular occasion of I Timothy? Or to put it differently – what was the trouble in Ephesus? Occasion: [Slide 6] Even a cursory reading of I Timothy and Titus allows us to see that there is some kind of false teaching rising up in the church in that area. The writing of this predates John’s epistles by 30 years or so – so it may well be that this heresy is the predecessor of the secessionist’s teaching, although there are elements of it that suggest otherwise. It is difficult to know exactly what the heresy is, simply because it has so many facets that we don’t see coming together in any known heretical teaching. That could mean either that this is a form of heresy was ultimately eradicated, or perhaps Paul is confronting many different heresies that are arising within the church. So let’s look at the facets of the rising heresy. It seems to have some Jewish elements - Those of the circumcision (Titus 1:10) - Fight over the law (Titus 3:9) - Teachers of the law (I Tim 1:7) - Myths and genealogies (the jewish allegorical approach to the OT) - Anti-Gentile and perhaps even anti-authority. - Food laws - Emphasis on genealogical patterns and numerology. It also has some early Gnostic elements: - Things falsely called knowledge - Asceticism – avoiding indulgence or pleasure of any kind - marriage, childbirth, dietary laws - Speculation to the interp of the OT - Low view of the physical world - Mythological explanation for Yahweh and the creation of the physical world It even has some pagan elements: - Women church leaders All of this is checked by Paul as he instructs both Timothy and Titus to focus on what is important and reject what is a distraction. Things brings us to the purpose of I Timothy specifically. Why was this letter sent to Timothy? Purpose: [Slide 7] Paul actually includes two statements to spell this out to us. 1 – Oppose false teaching – This is found in chapter 1 right after the greeting. This is probably the primary purpose Paul intends for Timothy. 2 – How the church should operate in relation to the gospel and the world – This is found really from chapter 2 on and is certainly a purpose for Timothy but is also clearly intended for all the church to read and observe. Within these two purposes, we see several key themes running through this book which are connected to the whole counsel of God. Key Themes: [Slide 8] Adherence to sound doctrine that they have received. Dismissal of needless controversies that distract from the gospel The Gospel leads to practical and visible change in the lives of those who believe it – both in the church’s order and in each individual life Inner workings of the church. How the church is to function, what is its purpose, and how does it achieve that? Qualifications of Elders and Deacons Specific groups within the church living according to the doctrine they have confessed Phrases to keep an eye out for: [Slide 9] As we study this book, we need to keep our eyes open for a couple phrases. 1.) Occasionally Paul breaks out in praise to God. What do I mean by that? Paul will be talking about something and then all of a sudden, he will start extoling the character of God and end the sentence with Amen. As if it was a prayer, song, or poem he did not feel as though he could control. It would be good for us to pay attention to when that happens. There is a common theme that pushes Paul to this. This happens twice in I Timothy, and once in II Timothy. 2.) There is one other phrase we should keep our eyes peeled for. Paul states 3 “this is a trustworthy saying” statements in this book. All three are axioms of truth. We would do well to grasp hold of those truths as core truth and doctrine. There is 1 more in both Titus and II Timothy as well. Theological Challenges and Spicy Topics [Slide 10] 1.) Universalism – at some points Paul suggests that God or Jesus is a savior or redeemer of all men. Are all men saved? 2.) Women’s modesty is brought up. 3.) Women in authority – Paul makes a strong statement about women in leadership of the church. Spoiler alert, it is not politically correct. 4.) Can women be deacons? 5.) Homosexuality and Slavery will be mentioned in the book. 6.) Being a part of the assembly and either having no money or a lot of it is addressed. (watch your pocket books) 7.) Paul insists on giving financial assistance only to those who are truly helpless and truly godly in the church. The rest can, in his words, get married. 8.) How can you confront an Elder? It is different than regular church discipline. Outline of I Timothy [Slide 11] Finally, by way of introduction, I have provided for you an outline to the book of I Timothy. I do extend a disclaimer though. As I study the book more deeply, these divisions may change. Still, this should give us a good start on Paul’s first Letter to Timothy. As we read the letter itself, you can follow along in the text and with this outline in front of you. I.) Greeting – From Paul an apostle to Timothy his true child in the faith – 1:1-2 II.) Charge to protect the gospel – 1:3-20 a. Using the law rightly – 1:3-11 b. The Law vs. Paul – 1:12-17 c. Restated charge to protect the gospel – 1:18-20 III.) Gospel formed order in the church - 2:1-3:13 a. Pray for all kinds of men – 2:1-7 i. All men ii. Even kings and gentiles b. The testimony of gospel changed people to the world – 2:8-15 i. Prayerful men ii. No fighting iii. Pure women iv. Women not in authority v. Women in their role as child-rearers c. Authority is given to those in the church who are God-qualified. 3:1-13 i. The Elder’s qualifications – 3:1-7 ii. The Deacon’s qualifications – 3:8-13 IV.) What is the church? – 3:14-16-4:5 a. The purpose of the letter = How God’s people ought to conduct themselves - 14 b. The church’s position and role - 15 c. The church’s confession - 16 d. Why this matters - The Coming apostasy – 4:1-5 V.) Instructions to Timothy 4:6-6:21 a. Feed on the word teachings you have heard and confessed. Reject all else – 4:6-10 b. Persevere as an example for your people – 4:11-16 c. Dealing with particular groups of people i. Correcting people like family – 5:1-2 ii. Stipulations for helping widows – 5:3-16 1. Widows with family, do not help – 5:3-8 2. Qualifications for widows to be helped – 5:9-10 3. Young widows do not qualify – 5:11-15 4. Family bears primarily responsibility for the care of widows – 5:16 iii. Dealing with Elders – 5:17-24 1. Elders are worthy of pay – 5:17-18 2. Elders accused of sin and discipline of an Elder – 5:19-22 3. Elders and wine – 5:23 4. Do not fear corrupt Elders, people cannot hide what they are forever – 5:24 iv. Slaves and their masters – 6:1-2 d. Monetary wealth and the gospel – 6:3-16 i. Godliness with contentment is gain – but not in this life. – 6:3-10 ii. Hold fast to your confession and practice – 6:11-16 iii. Having a lot of wealth in the church – 6:17-19 e. Timothy, stay focused in grace – 6:20-21 [Slide 12 (end)]

  Musings In Macedonia With Digital Nomad & Not Just A Tourist Mahsa Homayounfar Chatting With Motorcycle Travelers Mahsa & Gerald Lakeside in Ohrid   Sometimes the stars line up or there’s the perfect storm that brings people together. I’d been chatting with Mahsa via text and Skype for more than two months. Hoping we would connect somewhere on the Balkan Peninsula, we finally arrange to meet just a week before my return to the USA. "Not Just A Tourist" Mahsa and her Yamaha XT660R Gerald and his 1991 BMW. Mahsa travels the world on her motorcycle while operating here business “Not Just 
A Tourist.” And as the community of world traveling motorcycles intersects and the crossroads and forks in the road, she also managed to connect with Gerald, another rider from Austria. Over breakfast, while looking out over the place Lake Ohrid and with the breeze of the mild autumn air, we chatted about motorcycles, travel, and connections. Tune into this short Podcast for a fun and revealing conversation—one that may inspire you!

Greece is among both the oldest and among the newest wine nations in the world. Although it got cooking with winemaking more than 6000 years ago, a huge break in the action took it out of the winemaking game from about the mid 1400s until the 1990s. It's back these days, and as it has always been grapes are grown everywhere in this small but diverse country.  With the best wines made from indigenous grapes and select regions, you'll want to listen to this show to know what to seek out. And don't forget to look at a map while or after listening!  Here's a rundown of the topics we covered:  Geography: We go over where the heck Greece is and what’s here that’s good for grapes! Greece is in the southern end of Balkan Peninsula between Italy and Turkey Climate: Mesoclimates matter to quality wine! Mountainous & semi-mountainous vineyards: altitude moderates climate, cools down the temps Islands and the coast: Maritime climate/Mediterranean climate but very hot. Growers need cool sites for grapes to thrive Volcanic Vineyards:Santorini especially - volcanic soils layers of which are 30 to 50 meters thick, VERY DRY -- high acidity of the grape of Santorini History We discuss the entire deal – from evidence of wine in Greek peninsula since the 4000 B.C. to Ottoman Rule which destroyed much of Greek viticulture until the early 1800s to the rebirth of viticulture of the last few decades.   Classification:Before we launch into the regions and wines, we tell you about the classification For PDO (Protected Designation of Origin)wines – higher quality): Onomasia Proelefseos Anoteras Piotitos (OPAP) Dry wines Onomasia Proelefseos Eleghomeni (OPE) --sweet wines For PGI level (Protected Geographical Indication): cover larger areas, more styles and grapes Topikos Oinos (local/country wine) Epitrapezios Oinos (table wine)      The Regions and Grapes Northern Greece: Epirus, Macedonia, Thrace Thrace –isbordered by Turkey and Bulgaria in the North, Aegean in the south, makes mostly international wine varieties Greek Macedonia– borders the Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria in the north and the Aegean sea in the south. It’s semi-mountainous, and the rocky soils make it great red wine country Xinomavro (Kseen-oh-MAHV-roh):RED GRAPE. Best when from Naousa in Macedonia Firm tannins, bright acidity with flavors like red fruit and flowers, tomatoes, olives, dried prunes, nuts (compared to Nebbiolo) Other growing areas: Northern and central Greece, Rapsani in Thessaly Malagousia (mala-GOO-zee-ah):WHITE GRAPE.From Macedonia, near Thessaly Full bodied wines with strong acidity, peach, lime, lemon, and soft textures. There are sweet or dry versions Thought to be extinct -- professors and top growers, brought it back –resurrected by a winery Ktima Gerovassiliou (ktima = “estate”)   Epirus: NW Grecian mainland, mountains are essential to high quality. Wines have great acidity – the PDO of Zitsa is making excellent sparkling wines and floral dry whites from Debina (WHITE GRAPE)     Central Greece: Central Greece, Thessalia Central Greece (this is where Athens is): Hot and dry, more white than red Saviatiano (sa-VAH-tee-AH-no) WHITE GRAPE is the most widely planted grape in Greece. It makes dry wines but is known for Retsina, which tastes like the pine resin that’s added to the must before fermentation.   Thessalia (Thessaly): Borders Greek Macedonia, Central Greece, the Aegean Sea  – Mediterranean climate with continental influences. Best areas are in the mountains that surround the region Rapsani is on south facing slopes on Mt Olympus at altitude and makes Xinomavro and red blends      Southwestern Greece: Ionian Islands, Peloponnese Peloponnese: Where Sparta and Olympia were this is a peninsula on the southern edge of mainland Greece. Best areas are on the eastern side of the Peloponnese, at altitude Roditis (Ro-deet-is) WHITE GRAPE: dry, food-friendly, high-acid with lime, melon, saline, bitter citrus. Grown all over. Agiorgitiko (ah-YOUR-yee-TEE-ko) RED GRAPE: Full-bodied with sweet raspberry, black currant, and plum, nutmeg and Italian herbs, smooth tannins. Wines from mountains are best especially Nemea Moschofilero (MOSH-ko-fah-LAIR-oh)WHITE GRAPE:Lychee, rose, lemon flavored with good acidity and medium body. Grown in Mantinia: One of the coolest growing regions of Greece, specializes in the grape Mavrodaphne (MAHV-roh-DAF-nee) RED GRAPE:Sweet, late harvest, red wine that usually tastes of raisins and chocolate with high tannins. Better when blended. Grown in Patras   Ionian Islands: Ruled by Venetians in Middle Ages – today tourism = shrinking vineyards Robola, WHITE GRAPE:is Probably Ribolla Gialla from northeastern Italy. Lemon with pineapple, beeswax, quince, tart apple, can be rich and terroir-driven. Grown in Cephalonia     CRETE Crete: Largest Island (150 miles long), on the southern edge of Aegean. Hottest vineyards in Greece. Mandilaria, RED GRAPE: found throughout Greece and Crete in particular. It is too powerful to be made alone. Flavors are like stewed fruit, leather, with VERY powerful tannin     Aegean Islands Santorini: Volcanic island, most famous WHITE GRAPE is Assyrtiko (ah-SEER-teek-oh)grown in basket-like vines (see below) Dry Assyrtiko: lean, mineral, concentrated whites Nykteri (“nith-terry”): oaked with creme brûlée, pineapple, fennel, sugar cookie notes Vinsanto: Made with Assyrtiko, Aidani, and Athiri with cherry and raspberry notes. Tannic, high acidity, and can have high VA (‘nail polish’ smell)    Samos: Muscat of Samos, WHITE GRAPE, possibly homeland of Muscat Blanc Límnos: Limnio, RED GRAPE with raspberry fruit and herb notes. Paros: Monemvassia, WHITE GRAPE. From Peloponnese but cultivated only on Has mineral, citrus, nectarine flavors with a medium body, refreshing acidity.     To sum up: Best whites:Assyrtiko, Malagousia, Moschofilero, Debina, Robola, Muscat of Samos Best reds:Xinomavro, blends with Agiorgitiko, sometimes Mandalaria or Limnio Best regions:Naousa (Xinomavro), Nemea (Agiorgitiko blends), Mantinia (Moschofilero), Santorini (Assyrtiko), Samos (Muscat)   ______________________________________________  Thanks to our sponsor this week: Halpern Financial Imagine a path to wealth that just works. A team of experts at your beck and call, technology to keep tabs on your money 24/7, financial education and the personal touch that makes organizing your financial life feel achievable, rather than daunting.Halpern Financial is a fiduciary, fee-only, independent advisor that offers a combination of online tools and personal connection to help clients systematically achieve their goals. Go to halpernfinancial.com/wine for more information!     Thanks to YOU! The podcast supporters on Patreon, who are helping us to make the podcast possible and who we give goodies in return for their help! Check it out today: https://www.patreon.com/winefornormalpeople  And to sign up for classes, please go to www.winefornormalpeople.com/classes!      Most of the info for this show came from the Official Wines of Greece Web site: https://winesofgreece.org/

The Eastern, Balkan Question, Eastern European Nationalism represented the struggle for nationalism doñe by the Slavs, the Balkans in the Balkan states of Eastern Europe. The Balkan Peninsula is made up by several small states including Bosnia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Rumelia, Rumania, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Latvia and Croatia. In the 19century, the Ottoman Empire was dwindling leaving the vacant of dominating the Balkan region to the giant West European nations including the Russian Empire. Here, lets us listen carefull the episode.

If you have decided to take a break from your Chemistry study to read some classic literature or take in a Danny Boyle film whilst traveling through Australia or traversing the Balkan Peninsula then you will be well placed to excel in this round of trivia training. For everyone else, this is your moment to ratchet up your trivia skills to the next level. Thanks for choosing to undertake your trivia training with Pub Quiz Prep.

If you have decided to take a break from your Chemistry study to read some classic literature or take in a Danny Boyle film whilst traveling through Australia or traversing the Balkan Peninsula then you will be well placed to excel in this round of trivia training. For everyone else, this is your moment to ratchet up your trivia skills to the next level. Thanks for choosing to undertake your trivia training with Pub Quiz Prep. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/pubquizprep/message

Get insider advice for enjoying the less-visited corners of the Balkan Peninsula, from Bosnia's atmospheric mosques to Montenegro's scenic coast. And as we mark the centennial of the "Great War," hear about the most compelling places in Europe to learn about American soldiers' contributions to World War I. Plus, listen in as tour guides share their tips for enjoying Kraków, the cultural and spiritual capital of Poland. For more information on Travel with Rick Steves - including episode descriptions, program archives and related details - visit www.ricksteves.com.

Host David Ahearn is joined by cast member Oliver Tull and musical director Ray Sharp as they reminisce about the 2015 Armed Forced Entertainment Tour throughout Europe and the Balkan Peninsula. Four Day Weekend's book "Happy Accidents: The Transformative Power of Yes, and at Work and in Life" is available at Barnes & Noble and on Amazon. More information about Four Day Weekend performances, improv classes, corporate training and more available at www.fourdayweekend.com. We welcome your questions, comments, and input! Reach out to us at: happyaccidents@fourdayweekend.com

Norman Robert Guiscard, entered at the dawn of the Norman conquest of Italy, defeated his enemies and pushed aside his competing family members to take the whole of southern Italy, much of Sicily, and parts of the Balkan Peninsula.

As Europe observes the centennial of the "Great War," learn about the WWI sites you can visit to better understand American doughboys' role on the battlefields. We'll also share tips for visiting Kraków, the cultural and spiritual capital of Poland. And we'll get insider advice for enjoying WWI sites in some less-visited corners of the Balkan Peninsula. For more information on Travel with Rick Steves - including episode descriptions, program archives and related details - visit www.ricksteves.com.

What do we have to do with white folks business? Are we living in critical times? Are we all on the brink of collapse? Yes... Greece the so-called cradle of Western Civilization is failing due to those who started WW1 and WW2. Tonight we will talk about the reason we should be concerned. Greece: Greece's population is around 10.8 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, with Thessaloniki being the second largest and referred to as the co-capital. Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast. The Modern Greek state, which was established in 1830 following the war of independence from the Ottoman Empire, traces its roots to the civilization of Ancient Greece, which is considered the cradle of all Western civilization. So why are they letting the foundation of Western Civilization fall by the wayside?