Podcasts about Samos

Você já parou pra pensar quem traduz os livros que você lê e como esse trabalho molda a forma como entende o mundo? Neste episódio, Lívia Mendes e Lidia Torres irão nos conduzir em uma viagem no tempo para entendermos como os textos gregos e latinos chegam até nós. Vamos descobrir por que traduzir é sempre também interpretar, criar e disputar sentidos. Conversamos com Andrea Kouklanakis, professora permanente na Hunter College, Nova York, EUA, e Guilherme Gontijo Flores, professor da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Eles compartilharam suas trajetórias no estudo de línguas antigas, seus desafios e descobertas com o mundo da tradução e as questões políticas, históricas e estéticas que a prática e as teorias da tradução abarcam. Esse episódio faz parte do trabalho de divulgação científica que a Lívia Mendes desenvolve no Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Centro de Teoria da Filologia, vinculados ao Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem e ao Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Unicamp, financiado pelo projeto Mídia Ciência da FAPESP, a quem agradecemos pelo financiamento. O roteiro foi escrito por Lívia Mendes e a revisão é de Lidia Torres e Mayra Trinca. A edição é de Daniel Rangel. Se você gosta de literatura, história, tradução ou quer entender novas formas de aproximar o passado do presente, esse episódio é pra você. __________________________________________________________________ ROTEIRO [música, bg] Lívia: Quem traduziu o livro que você está lendo? Lívia: E se você tivesse que aprender todas as línguas dos clássicos que deseja ler? Aqueles livros escritos em russo, alemão ou qualquer outra língua diferente da sua? Lívia: E aqueles livros das literaturas que foram escritas em línguas que chamamos antigas, como o latim e o grego? Lidia: A verdade é que, na maioria das vezes, a gente não pensa muito sobre essas questões. Mas, no Brasil, boa parte dos livros que lemos, tanto literários quanto teóricos, não chegaria até a gente se não fossem os tradutores. Lidia: Essas obras, que fazem parte de todo um legado social, filosófico e cultural da nossa sociedade, só chegaram até nós por causa do trabalho cuidadoso de pesquisadores e tradutores dessas línguas, que estão tão distantes, mas ao mesmo tempo, tão próximas de nós. [música de transição] Lívia: Eu sou a Lívia Mendes. Lidia: E eu sou a Lidia Torres. Lívia: Você já conhece a gente aqui do Oxigênio e no episódio de hoje vamos explorar como traduzimos, interpretamos e recebemos textos da Antiguidade greco-romana. Lidia: E, também vamos pensar por que essas obras ainda hoje mobilizam debates políticos, culturais e estéticos. Lívia: Vem com a gente explorar o mundo da antiguidade greco-romana que segue tão presente na atualidade, especialmente por meio da tradução dos seus textos. [vinheta O2] Andrea [1:05-2:12]: Então, meu nome é Andrea Kouklanakis e, eu sou brasileira, nasci no Brasil e morei lá até 21 anos quando eu emigrei para cá. Lívia: O “cá” da Andrea é nos Estados Unidos, país que ela se mudou ainda em 1980, então faz um tempo que ela mora fora do Brasil. Mas mesmo antes de se mudar, ela já tinha uma experiência com o inglês. Andrea Kouklanakis: Quando eu vim pra cá, eu não tinha terminado faculdade ainda, eu tinha feito um ano e meio, quase dois anos na PUC de São Paulo. Ah, e mas chegou uma hora que não deu mais para arcar com a responsabilidade financeira de matrícula da PUC, de mensalidades, então eu passei um tempo trabalhando só, dei aulas de inglês numa dessas escolas assim de business, inglês pra business people e que foi até legal, porque eu era novinha, acho que eu tinha 18, 19 anos e é interessante que todo mundo era mais velho que eu, né? Os homens de negócios, as mulheres de negócio lá, mas foi uma experiência legal e que também, apesar de eu não poder estar na faculdade daquela época, é uma experiência que condiz muito com o meu trabalho com línguas desde pequena. Lívia: Essa que você ouviu é a nossa primeira entrevistada no episódio de hoje, a professora Andrea Kouklanakis. Como ela falou ali na apresentação, ela se mudou ainda jovem pros Estados Unidos. Lidia: E, como faz muito tempo que ela se comunica somente em inglês, em alguns momentos ela acaba esquecendo as palavras em português e substitui por uma palavra do inglês. Então, a conversa com a Andrea já é um início pra nossa experimentação linguística neste episódio. Andrea Kouklanakis: Eu sou professora associada da Hunter College, que faz parte da cidade universitária de Nova York, City University of New York. E eles têm vários campus e a minha home college é aqui na Hunter College, em Manhattan. Eh, eu sou agora professora permanente aqui. Lívia: A professora Andrea, que conversou com a gente por vídeo chamada lá de Nova Iorque, contou que já era interessada por línguas desde pequena. A mãe dela trabalhava na casa de uma professora de línguas, com quem ela fez as primeiras aulas. E ela aprendeu também algumas palavras da língua materna do seu pai, que é grego e mais tarde, estudou francês e russo na escola. Lidia: Mas, além de todas essas línguas, hoje ela trabalha com Latim e Grego.Como será que essas línguas antigas entraram na vida da Andrea? Andrea Kouklanakis: Então, quando eu comecei aqui na Hunter College, eu comecei a fazer latim porque, bom, quando você tem uma língua natal sua, você é isenta do requerimento de línguas, que todo mundo tem que ter um requerimento de língua estrangeira na faculdade aqui. Então, quando eu comecei aqui, eu fiquei sabendo, que eu não precisava da língua, porque eu tinha o português. Mas, eu falei: “É, mas eu peguei pensando a língua é o que eu quero, né?” Então, foi super assim por acaso, que eu tava olhando no catálogo de cursos oferecidos. Aí eu pensei: “Ah, Latim, OK. Why not?. Por que não, né? Uma língua antiga, OK. Lívia: A professora Andrea, relembrando essa escolha por cursar as disciplinas de Latim, quando chegou na Hunter College, percebeu que ela gostou bastante das aulas por um motivo afetivo e familiar com a maneira com que ela tinha aprendido a língua portuguesa aqui no Brasil, que era diferente da forma como seus colegas estadunidenses tinham aprendido o inglês, sem muita conexão com a gramática. Lidia: Ela gostava de estudar sintaxe, orações subordinadas e todas essas regras gramaticais, que são muito importantes pra quem quer estudar uma língua antiga e mais pra frente a gente vai entender bem o porquê. [som de ícone] Lívia: sintaxe, é a parte da gramática que estuda como as palavras se organizam dentro das frases pra formar sentidos. Ela explica quem é o sujeito, o que é o verbo, quais termos completam ou modificam outros, e assim por diante. [som de ícone]: Lívia: Oração subordinada é uma frase que depende de outra para ter sentido completo. Ela não “anda sozinha”: precisa da oração principal pra formar o significado total. [música de transição] Lidia: E, agora, você deve estar se perguntando, será que todo mundo que resolve estudar língua antiga faz escolhas parecidas com a da professora Andrea? Lidia: É isso que a gente perguntou pro nosso próximo entrevistado. Guilherme Gontijo: Eu sou atualmente professor de latim na UFPR, no Paraná, moro em Curitiba. Mas, eu fiz a minha graduação em letras português na UFES, na Federal do Espírito Santo. E lá quando eu tive que fazer as disciplinas obrigatórias de latim, eu tinha que escolher uma língua complementar, eu lembro que eu peguei italiano porque eu estudava francês fora da universidade e eu tinha que estudar o latim obrigatório. Estudei latim com Raimundo Carvalho. Lívia: Bom, parece que o Guilherme teve uma trajetória parecida com a da Andrea e gostar de estudar línguas é uma das premissas pra se tornar um estudioso de latim e de grego. Lidia: O professor Raimundo de Carvalho, que o Guilherme citou, foi professor de Latim da Federal do Espírito Santo. Desde a década de 80 ele escreve poesias e é um importante estudioso da língua latina. Ele quem traduziu a obra Bucólicas, do Vírgílio, um importante poeta romano, o autor da Eneida, que talvez você já deva ter ouvido falar. O professor Raimundo se aposentou recentemente, mas segue trabalhando na tradução de Metamorfoses, de outro poeta romano, o Ovídio. Lívia: O Guilherme contou o privilégio que foi ter tido a oportunidade de ser orientado de perto pelo professor Raimundo. Guilherme Gontijo: Eu lembro que eu era um aluno bastante correto, assim, eu achava muito interessante aprender latim, mas eu estudei latim pensando que ele teria algum uso linguístico pras pessoas que estudam literatura brasileira. E quando ele levou Catulo pra traduzir, eu lembro de ficar enlouquecido, assim, foi incrível e foi a primeira vez na minha vida que eu percebi que eu poderia traduzir um texto de poema como um poema. E isso foi insistivo pra mim, eu não tinha lido teoria nenhuma sobre tradução. Lívia: Um episódio sobre literatura antiga traz esses nomes diferentes, e a gente vai comentando e explicando. O Catulo, que o Guilherme citou, foi um poeta romano do século I a.C.. Ele é conhecido por escrever odes, que são poemas líricos que expressam admiração, elogio ou reflexão sobre alguém, algo ou uma ideia. A obra do Catulo é marcada pelos poemas que ele dedicou a Lésbia, figura central de muitos dos seus versos. Guilherme Gontijo: Eu fiz as duas disciplinas obrigatórias de latim, que é toda a minha formação oficial de latim, acaba aí. E passei a frequentar a casa do Raimundo Carvalho semanalmente, às vezes duas vezes por semana, passava a tarde inteira tendo aula de latim com ele, lendo poetas romanos ou prosa romana e estudava em casa e ele tirava minhas dúvidas. Então, graças à generosidade do Raimundo, eu me tornei latinista e eu não tinha ideia que eu, ainda por cima, teria ali um mestre, porque ele é poeta, é tradutor de poesia. Lidia: Essa conexão com a língua latina fez o Guilherme nunca mais abandonar a tradução. Ele disse que era uma forma natural de conseguir conciliar o seu interesse intelectual acadêmico e o lado criativo, já que desde o início da graduação ele já era um aspirante a poeta. Lívia: É importante a gente lembrar que o Guilherme tem uma vasta carreira como autor, poeta e tradutor e já vamos aproveitar pra deixar algumas dicas dos livros autorais e dos autores que ele traduziu. Lívia: Guilherme é autor dos poemas de carvão :: capim (2018), Todos os nomes que talvez tivéssemos (2020), Arcano 13 em parceria com Marcelo Ariel. Ele também escreveu o romance História de Joia (2019) e os livros de ensaios Algo infiel: corpo performance tradução (2017) em parceria com Rodrigo Gonçalves e A mulher ventriloquada: o limite da linguagem em Arquíloco (2018). Se aventurou pelo infanto-juvenil com os livros A Mancha (2020) e o Coestelário (2021), ambos em parceria com Daniel Kondo. E traduziu autores como Safo, Propércio, Catulo, Horácio, Rabelais e Whitman. Lidia: Os poetas Rabelais e Whitman são autores modernos, viveram nos séculos XVI e XIX, já os outros poetas são da antiguidade romana, aquele período aproximadamente entre o século IV a.C. e o século V d.C. Lívia: Então, o Guilherme traduz tanto textos de línguas modernas quanto de línguas antigas. E, a gente perguntou pra ele se existe alguma diferença no trabalho do tradutor quando vai traduzir um texto de uma língua moderna, que está mais próxima de nós no tempo, e quando vai traduzir do latim ou do grego, que são línguas mais distantes temporalmente. Lívia: O Guilherme falou que quando ele vai traduzir de uma língua moderna pra outra língua moderna existem duas possibilidades: traduzir diacronicamente, que é quando o tradutor escreve o texto na língua produzida como se fosse da época mesmo que ele foi escrito. E a outra possibilidade é traduzir deslocando o autor temporalmente, e fazendo a linguagem do texto conversar com a linguagem contemporânea. Lidia: Pode parecer um pouco confuso de início, mas ouve só o exemplo do Guilherme da experiência de tradução que ele teve com o Rimbaud, que é um autor francês. Guilherme Gontijo: Por exemplo, fui traduzir Rimbaud, o Rimbaud do século XIX. Quando eu vou traduzir, eu posso tentar traduzir pensando diacronicamente e aí eu vou tentar traduzir o Rimbaud pra ele parecer um poeta do século XIX em português. E aí eu vou dar essa sensação de espaço temporal pro leitor contemporâneo agora. É, o Guilherme de Almeida fez um experimento genial assim, traduzindo o poeta francês François Villon para uma espécie de pastiche de galego-português, botando a linha temporal de modo que é isso, Villon é difícil para um francês ler hoje, que a língua francesa já sofreu tanta alteração que muitas vezes eles leem numa espécie de edição bilíngue, francês antigo, francês moderno. A gente também tem um pouco essa dificuldade com o galego-português, que é a língua literária da Península ali pra gente, né? Ah, então essa é uma abordagem. Outra abordagem, eu acho que a gente faz com muito menos frequência, é tentar deslocar a relação da temporalidade, ou seja, traduzir Rimbaud, não para produzir um equivalente do Rimbaud, século XIX no Brasil, mas pra talvez criar o efeito que ele poderia criar nos seus contemporâneos imediatos. Lívia: Ou seja, a ideia aqui seria escrever um texto da maneira como se escreve hoje em dia, meio que transpondo a história no tempo. Lidia: Pra quem não conhece, fica aqui mais uma dica de leitura: o poeta francês Arthur Rimbaud, que o Guilherme citou, viveu entre 1854 e 1891 e escreveu quase toda sua obra ainda adolescente. Ele renovou a poesia moderna com imagens ousadas, experimentação formal e uma vida marcada pela rebeldia. Abandonou a literatura muito jovem e passou o resto da vida viajando e trabalhando na África. Lívia: Mas, e pra traduzir da língua antiga, será que esse dois caminhos também são possíveis? Guilherme Gontijo: Quando eu vou traduzir do latim, por exemplo, eu não tenho esse equivalente. Não existe o português equivalente de Propércio. O português equivalente de Propércio como língua literária é o próprio latim. Lívia: Ou seja, o que o Guilherme quis dizer é que não existe uma possibilidade de traduzir um texto latino como ele soava na antiguidade, porque o latim é a língua que originou as línguas modernas latinas, e a língua portuguesa é uma delas, junto com o espanhol, o francês e o italiano. Lidia: Mas, o que pode acontecer é uma classicização dos textos antigos e o Guilherme enfatizou que acontece muito nas traduções que a gente tem disponível do latim pro português. A classicização, nesses casos, é traduzir os textos da antiguidade com o português do século XVIII ou XIX, transformando esses textos em clássicos também pra nós. Guilherme Gontijo:Curiosamente, a gente, quando estuda os clássicos, a gente sempre fala: “Não, mas isso é moderno demais. Será que ele falaria assim?” Acho curioso, quando, na verdade, a gente vendo que os clássicos tão falando sobre literatura, eles parecem não ter esses pudores. Aliás, eles são bem menos arqueológicos ou museológicos do que nós. Eles derrubavam um templo e botavam outro templo em cima sem pensar duas vezes enquanto nós temos muito mais pudores. Então, a minha abordagem atual de traduzir os clássicos é muito tentar usar as possibilidades do português brasileiro, isso é muito marcado pra mim, uma das variedades do português brasileiro, que é a minha, né? De modo ativo. Lívia: Só pra dar um exemplo do que faz a língua soar clássica, seria o uso do pronome “tu” ao invés de “você”, ou, os pronomes oblíquos como “eu te disse” ou “eu te amo”, porque ninguém fala “eu lhe amo” no dia a dia. Lidia: E esse é justamente o ponto quando a gente fala de tradução do texto antigo. Eles não vão ter um equivalente, e a gente não tem como traduzir por algo da mesma época. Guilherme Gontijo: Então, a gente precisa fazer um exercício especulativo, experimental, pra imaginar os possíveis efeitos daqueles textos no seu mundo de partida, né? A gente nunca vai saber o sabor exato de um texto grego ou romano, porque por mais que a gente tenha dicionário e gramática, a gente não tem o afeto, aquele afeto minucioso da língua que a gente tem na nossa. Lívia: Essas questões de escolhas de tradução, que podem aproximar ou afastar a língua da qual vai se traduzir pra língua que será traduzida se aproximam das questões sociais e políticas que são intrínsecas à linguagem. [música de transição] Lidia: Assim como qualquer outro texto, os escritos em latim ou grego nunca serão neutros. Mesmo fazendo parte de um mundo tão distante da gente, eles reproduzem projetos políticos e identitários tanto da antiguidade quanto dos atuais. Andrea Kouklanakis: Eu acho que esse aspecto político e histórico dos estudos clássicos é interessante porque é uma coisa quando você tá fazendo faculdade, quando eu fiz pelo menos, a gente não tinha muita ideia, né? Você tava completamente sempre perdida no nível microscópico da gramática, né? De tentar a tradução, essas coisas, você tá só, completamente submersa nos seus livros, no seu trabalho de aula em aula, tentando sobreviver ao Cícero. Lívia: Como a Andrea explicou, os estudos que chamamos de filológicos, soam como uma ciência objetiva. Eles tentam achar a gênese de um texto correto, como uma origem e acabam transformando os estudos clássicos em um modelo de programa de império ou de colonização. Andrea Kouklanakis: Então, por exemplo, agora quando eu dou aula sobre o legado dos estudos clássicos na América Latina Agora eu sei disso, então com os meus alunos a gente lê vários textos primários, né, e secundários, que envolvem discurso de construção de nação, de construção de império, de construção do outro, que são tecidos com os discursos clássicos, né, que é essa constante volta a Atenas, a Roma, é, o prestígio dos estudos clássicos, né? Então, a minha pesquisa se desenvolveu nesse sentido de como que esses latino afro brasileiros, esses escritores de várias áreas, como que eles lidaram na evolução intelectual deles, na história intelectual deles, como que eles lidaram com um ramo de conhecimento que é o centro do prestígio. Eles mesmo incorporando a falta de prestígio completa. O próprio corpo deles significa ausência total de prestígio e como que eles então interagem com uma área que é o centro do prestígio, sabe? Lidia: Então, como você percebeu, a Andrea investiga como os escritores afro-latino-americanos negociaram essa tradição clássica, símbolo máximo de prestígio, com suas histórias incorporadas a um lugar sem prestígio, marcadas em seus corpos pelo tom de pele. Lívia: Esse exercício que a professora Andrea tem feito com seus alunos na Hunter College tem sido uma prática cada vez mais presente nos Estudos Clássicos da América Latina e aqui no Brasil. É um exercício de colocar um olhar crítico pro mundo antigo e não apenas como uma forma de simplesmente celebrar uma antiguidade hierarquicamente superior a nós e a nossa história. Lidia: Nesse ponto, é importante a gente pontuar que a professora Andrea fala de um lugar muito particular, porque ela é uma mulher negra, brasileira, atuando em uma universidade nos Estados Unidos e em uma área de estudos historicamente tradicional. Lívia: Ela relatou pra gente um pouco da sua experiência como uma das primeiras mulheres negras a se doutorar em Estudos Clássicos em Harvard. Andrea Kouklanakis: Eu também não queria deixar de dizer que, politicamente, o meu entendimento como classista foi mais ou menos imposto de fora pra mim, sobre mim como uma mulher de cor nos estudos clássicos, porque eu estava exatamente na década de final de 90, meio final de 90, quando eu comecei a fazer os estudos clássicos na Harvard e foi coincidentemente ali quando também saiu, acho que o segundo ou terceiro volume do Black Athena, do Bernal. E, infelizmente, então, coincidiu com eu estar lá, né? Fazendo o meu doutorado nessa época. E na época existiam esses chat rooms, você podia entrar no computador e é uma coisa estranha, as pessoas interagiam ali, né? O nível de antipatia e posso até dizer ódio mesmo que muitas pessoas expressavam pela ideia de que poderia existir uma conexão entre a Grécia e a África, sabe? A mera ideia. Era uma coisa tão forte sabe, eu não tinha a experiência ou a preparação psicológica de receber esse tipo de resposta que era com tantos ânimos, sabe? Lidia: Com esse relato, a professora Andrea revelou pra gente como o preconceito com a população negra é tão explícita nos Estados Unidos e como ela, mesmo tendo passado a infância e a adolescência no Brasil, sentiu mais os impactos disso por lá. Lívia: Mas, fora o preconceito racial, historicamente construído pelas nossas raízes de colonização e escravização da população negra, como estudiosa de Estudos Clássicos, foi nessa época que a Andrea percebeu que existia esse tipo de discussão e que ainda não estava sendo apresentada pra ela na faculdade. Andrea Kouklanakis: Depois que eu me formei, eu entrei em contato com a mulher que era diretora de admissão de alunos e ela confirmou pra mim que é eu acho que eu sou a primeira pessoa de cor a ter um doutorado da Harvard nos Estudos Clássicos. E eu acho que mesmo que eu não seja a primeira pessoa de cor fazendo doutorado lá, provavelmente eu sou a primeira mulher de cor. Lidia: Vamos destacar agora, alguns pontos significativos do relato da professora Andrea. [som de ícone] Lívia: O livro que ela citou é o Black Athena, do estudioso de história política Martin Bernal. A teoria criada pelo autor afirmava que a civilização clássica grega na realidade se originou de culturas da região do Crescente Fértil, Egito, Fenícia e Mesopotâmia, ao invés de ter surgido de forma completamente independente, como tradicionalmente é colocado pelos historiadores germânicos. [som de ícone] Lívia: Ao propor uma hipótese alternativa sobre as origens da Grécia antiga e da civilização clássica, o livro fomentou discussões relevantes nos estudos da área, gerando controvérsias científicas, ideológicas e raciais. [som de ícone] Lidia: Em contrapartida às concepções racistas vinda de pesquisadores, historiadores e classicistas conservadores, a professora Andrea citou também um aluno negro de Harvard, o historiador e classicista Frank Snowden Jr.. [som de ícone] Lívia: Entre seus diversos estudos sobre a relação de brancos e negros na antiguidade, está o livro Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient View of Black, em português, Antes do Preconceito Racial: A Visão Antiga dos Negros. Um aprofundamento de suas investigações sobre as relações entre africanos e as civilizações clássicas de Roma e da Grécia e demonstra que os antigos não discriminavam os negros por causa de sua cor. [som de ícone] Lidia: O livro lança luz pra um debate importantíssimo, que é a diferença de atitudes dos brancos em relação aos negros nas sociedades antigas e modernas, além de observar que muitas das representações artísticas desses povos se assemelham aos afro-americanos da atualidade. Andrea Kouklanakis: Mas, então é isso, então essa coisa política é uma coisa que foi imposta, mas a imposição foi até legal porque aí me levou a conhecer e descobrir e pesquisar essa área inteira, que agora é uma coisa que eu me dedico muito, que é olhar qual que é a implicação dos estudos clássicos na política, na raça, na história e continuando dando as minhas aulas e traduzindo, fazendo tradução, eu adoro tradução, então, esse aspecto do estudo clássico, eu sempre gostei. [música de transição] Lívia: O Guilherme também falou pra gente sobre essa questão política e histórica dos Estudos Clássicos, de que ficar olhando pro passado como objeto desvinculado, nos impede de poder articular essas discussões com a política do presente. Guilherme Gontijo: E acho que o resultado quando a gente faz isso é muitas vezes colocar os clássicos como defensores do status quo, que é o que o um certo império brasileiro fez no período de Dom Pedro, é o que Mussolini fez também. Quer dizer, vira propaganda de estado. Lidia: Mas, ao contrário, quando a gente usa os clássicos pra pensar as angústias do presente, a gente percebe que é uma área de estudos que pode ser super relevante e super viva pra qualquer conversa do presente. Lívia: E, na tradução e na recepção desses textos antigos, como será que essas questões aparecem? O Guilherme deu um exemplo pra gente, de uma tradução que ele fez do poeta romano Horácio. [som de ícone] Lidia: Horácio foi um poeta romano do século I a.C., famoso por escrever poesias nos formatos de Odes, Sátiras e Epístolas, e defendia a ideia do “justo meio” — evitar excessos e buscar a medida certa na vida. Guilherme Gontijo: Tô lembrando aqui de uma ode de Horácio, acho que esse exemplo vai ser bom. Em que ele termina o poema oferecendo um vai matar um cabrito pra uma fonte, vai oferendar um cabrito para uma fonte. E quando eu tava traduzindo, vários comentadores lembravam de como essa imagem chocou violentamente o século XIX na recepção. Os comentadores sempre assim: “Como assim, Horácio, um homem tão refinado vai fazer um ato tão brutal, tão irracional?” Quer dizer, isso diz muito mais sobre a recepção do XIX e do começo do XX, do que sobre Horácio. Porque, assim, é óbvio que Horácio sacrificaria um cabrito para uma fonte. E nisso, ele não está escapando em nada do resto da sua cultura. Agora, é curioso como, por exemplo, o nosso modelo estatal coloca a área de clássicas no centro, por exemplo, dos cursos de Letras, mas acha que práticas do Candomblé, que são análogas, por exemplo, você pode oferecer animais para divindades ou mesmo para águas, seriam práticas não não não racionais ou não razoáveis ou sujas ou qualquer coisa do tipo, como quiserem. Né? Então, eu acho que a gente pode e esse é o nosso lugar, talvez seja nossa missão mesmo. Lívia: Como o Guilherme explicou, nós no Brasil e na América Latina temos influência do Atlântico Negro, das línguas bantas, do candomblé, da umbanda e temos um aporte, tanto teórico quanto afetivo, pra pensar os clássicos, a partir dessas tradições tão próximas, que a própria tradição europeia tem que fazer um esforço gigantesco pra chegar perto, enquanto pra gente é natural. Lidia: E não podemos nos esquecer também da nossa convivência com várias etnias indígenas, que possuem comparações muito fortes entre essas culturas. Guilherme Gontijo: Eu diria, eu entendo muito melhor o sentido de um hino arcaico, grego, ouvindo uma cantiga de terreiro no Brasil, do que só comparando com literatura. Eu acho que é relevante para a área de clássicas, não é uma mera curiosidade, sabe? Então, eu tenho cada vez mais lido gregos e romanos à luz da antropologia moderna, contemporaneíssima, sabe? Eu acho que muitos frutos aparecem de modo mais exemplar ou mais óbvio quando a gente faz essa comparação, porque a gente aí tira de fato os clássicos do lugar de clássicos que lhes é dado. [música de transição] Lívia: Pra além dessas discussões teóricas e políticas, a tradução é também um ato estético e existem algumas formas de repensar a presença da poesia antiga no mundo contemporâneo a partir de uma estética aplicada na linguagem e nos modos de traduzir. Lidia: No caso do Guilherme, ele vem trabalhando há um tempo com a tradução como performance. Guilherme Gontijo: E aí eu pensei: “Não, eu poderia traduzir Horácio para cantar”. Eu vou aprender a cantar esses metros antigos e vou cantar a tradução na mesmíssima melodia. Quer dizer, ao invés de eu pensar em metro no sentido do papel, eu vou pensar em metro no sentido de uma vocalidade. E foi isso que eu fiz. Foi o meu o meu doutorado, isso acabou rendendo a tradução de Safo. Lívia: Além das traduções publicadas em livros e artigos, o Guilherme também coloca essas performances na rua com o grupo Pecora Loca, que desde 2015 se propõe a fazer performances de poemas antigos, medievais e, às vezes, modernos, como um modo de ação poética. Lidia: Inclusive a trilha sonora que você ouviu ali no início deste trecho é uma das performances realizada pelo grupo, nesse caso do poema da Ode 34 de Horácio, com tradução do próprio Guilherme e música de Guilherme Bernardes, que o grupo gentilmente nos passou. Guilherme Gontijo: Isso pra mim foi um aprendizado teórico também muito grande, porque você percebe que um poema vocal, ele demanda pra valorizar a sua ou valorar a sua qualidade, também a performance. Quer dizer, o poema não é só um texto no papel, mas ele depende de quem canta, como canta, qual instrumento canta. Lívia: O Guilherme explicou que no início eles usavam instrumentos antigos como tímpano, címbalo, lira e até uma espécie de aulos. Mas, como, na verdade, não temos informações precisas sobre como era a musicalidade antiga, eles resolveram afirmar o anacronismo e a forma síncrona de poesia e performance, e, atualmente, incorporaram instrumentos modernos ao grupo como a guitarra elétrica, o baixo elétrico, o teclado e a bateria. Guilherme Gontijo: Então, a gente tem feito isso e eu acho que tem um gesto político, porque é muito curioso que a gente vai tocar num bar e às vezes tem alguém desavisado e gosta de Anacreonte. Olha, caramba, adorei Anacreonte. É, é, e ela percebe que Anacreonte, ela ouviu a letra e a letra é basicamente: “Traga um vinho para mim que eu quero encher a cara”. Então ela percebe que poesia antiga não é algo elevado, para poucos eleitos capazes de depreender a profundidade do saber grego. Ó, Anacreonte é poema de farra. Lidia: A partir da performance as pessoas se sentem autorizadas a tomar posse dessa herança cultural e a se relacionar com ela. O que cria uma forma de divulgar e difundir os Estudos Clássicos a partir de uma relação íntima, que é a linguagem musical. Guilherme Gontijo: E a experiência mais forte que eu tive nisso, ela é do passado e foi com o Guilherme Bernardes. Lembro que dei uma aula e mostrei a melodia do Carpe Diem, do Horácio. Da Ode. E tava lá mostrando o poema, sendo bem técnico ali, como é que explica o metro, como é que põe uma melodia, etc, etc. E uns três dias depois ele me mandou uma gravação que ele fez no Garage Band, totalmente sintética. De uma versão só instrumental, quer dizer, o que ele mais curtiu foi a melodia. E a gente às vezes esquece disso, quer dizer, um aspecto da poesia arcaica ou da poesia oral antiga romana é que alguém poderia adorar a melodia e nem prestar tanta atenção na letra. E que continuariam dizendo: “É um grande poeta”. Eu senti uma glória quando eu pensei: “Caraca, um asclepiadeu maior tocou uma pessoa como melodia”. A pessoa nem se preocupou tanto que é o poema do Carpe Diem, mas a melodia do asclepiadeu maior. [som de ícone] Lívia: Só por curiosidade, “asclepiadeu maior” é um tipo de verso poético greco-latino composto por um espondeu, dois coriambos e um iambo. Você não precisa saber como funcionam esses versos na teoria. Essa forma poética foi criada pelo poeta lírico grego Asclepíades de Samos, que viveu no século III a.C., por isso o nome, o mais importante é que foi o verso utilizado por Horácio em muitas de suas odes. [música de transição] Lidia: Agora, já encaminhando para o final do nosso episódio, não podemos ir embora sem falar sobre o trabalho de recepção e tradução realizado pela professora Andrea, lá na Hunter College, nos EUA. Lívia: Além do seu projeto sobre a presença dos clássicos nas obras de escritores afro-latino-americanos, com foco especial no Brasil, de autores como Lima Barreto, Luís Gama, Juliano Moreira e Auta de Sousa. A professora também publicou o livro Reis Imperfeitos: Pretendentes na Odisseia, Poética da Culpa e Sátira Irlandesa, pela Harvard University Press, em 2023, e as suas pesquisas abarcam a poesia homérica, a poética comparada e as teorias da tradução. Lidia: A professora Andrea faz um exercício muito importante de tradução de autores negros brasileiros pro inglês, não somente das obras literárias, mas também de seus pensamentos teóricos, pra que esses pensamentos sejam conhecidos fora do Brasil e alcance um público maior. Lívia: E é muito interessante como a relação com os estudos da tradução pra professora Andrea também tocam em um lugar muito íntimo e pessoal, assim como foi pro Guilherme nas suas traduções em performances. Lidia: E ela contou pra gente um pouco dessa história. Andrea Kouklanakis: Antes de falar da língua, é eu vou falar que, quando eu vejo a biografia deles, especialmente quando eu passei bastante tempo com o Luiz Gama. O que eu achei incrível é o nível de familiaridade de entendimento que eu tive da vida corriqueira deles. Por exemplo, Cruz e Souza, né? A família dele morava no fundo lá da casa, né? Esse tipo de coisa assim. O Luiz Gama também quando ele fala do aluno lá que estava na casa quando ele foi escravizado por um tempo, quando ele era criança, o cara que escravizou ele tinha basicamente uma pensão pra estudantes, que estavam fazendo advocacia, essas coisas, então na casa tinham residentes e um deles ensinou ele a ler, a escrever. O que eu achei interessantíssimo é que eu estou há 100 anos separada desse povo, mas a dinâmica social foi completamente familiar pra mim, né? A minha mãe, como eu te falei, ela sempre foi empregada doméstica, ela já se aposentou há muito tempo, mas a vida dela toda inteira ela trabalhou como empregada doméstica. E pra mim foi muito interessante ver como que as coisas não tinham mudado muito entre a infância de alguém como Cruz e Souza e a minha infância, né? Obviamente ninguém me adotou, nada disso, mas eu passei muito tempo dentro da casa de família. que era gente que tinha muito interesse em ajudar a gente, em dar, como se diz, a scholarship, né? O lugar que a minha mãe trabalhou mais tempo assim, continuamente por 10 anos, foi, aliás, na casa do ex-reitor da USP, na década de 70 e 80, o Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva. Lívia: Ao contar essa história tão íntima, a Andrea explicou como ela tenta passar essa coincidência de vivências, separada por cem anos ou mais no tempo, mas que, apesar de todo avanço na luta contra desigualdades raciais, ainda hoje refletem na sua memória e ainda são muito estáticas. Lidia: Essa memória reflete na linguagem, porque, como ela explicou, esses autores utilizam muitas palavras que a gente não usa mais, porque são palavras lá do século XVIII e XIX, mas o contexto chega pra ela de uma forma muito íntima e ainda viva, por ela ter vivenciado essas questões. Andrea Kouklanakis: Eu não sou poeta, mas eu tô dando uma de poeta, sabe? E quando eu percebo que tem algum estilo assim, a Auta de vez em quando tem um certo estilo assim, ambrósia, não sei do quê, sabe? Eu sei que ela está querendo dizer perfume, não sei o quê, eu não vou mudar, especialmente palavras, porque eu também estou vindo da minha perspectiva é de quem sabe grego e latim, eu também estou interessada em palavras que são em português, mas são gregas. Então, eu preservo, sabe? Lívia: Então, pra Andrea, no seu trabalho tradutório ela procura mesclar essas duas questões, a sua relação íntima com os textos e também a sua formação como classicista, que pensa a etimologia das palavras e convive com essa multiplicidade de línguas e culturas, caminhando entre o grego, o latim, o inglês e o português. [música de transição] [bg] Lidia: Ao ouvir nossos convidados de hoje, a Andrea Koclanakis e o Guilherme Gontijo Flores, percebemos que traduzir textos clássicos é muito mais do que passar palavras de uma língua pra outra. É atravessar disputas políticas, revisitar o passado com olhos do presente, reconstruir memórias coloniais e imaginar novos modos de convivência com as tradições antigas. Lívia: A tradução é pesquisa, criação, crítica e também pode ser transformação. Agradecemos aos entrevistados e a você que nos acompanhou até aqui! [música de transição] [créditos] Livia: O roteiro desse episódio foi escrito por mim, Lívia Mendes, que também fiz a locução junto com a Lidia Torres. Lidia: A revisão foi feita por mim, Lidia Torres e pela Mayra Trinca. Lidia: Esse episódio faz parte do trabalho de divulgação científica que a Lívia Mendes desenvolve no Centro de Estudos Clássicos e Centro de Teoria da Filologia, vinculados ao Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem e ao Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Unicamp, financiado pelo projeto Mídia Ciência da FAPESP, a quem agradecemos pelo financiamento. Lívia: Os trabalhos técnicos são de Daniel Rangel. A trilha sonora é de Kevin MacLeod e também gentilmente cedida pelo grupo Pecora Loca. A vinheta do Oxigênio foi produzida pelo Elias Mendez. Lidia: O Oxigênio conta com apoio da Secretaria Executiva de Comunicação da Unicamp. Você encontra a gente no site oxigenio.comciencia.br, no Instagram e no Facebook, basta procurar por Oxigênio Podcast. Lívia: Pra quem chegou até aqui, tomara que você tenha curtido passear pelo mundo da antiguidade greco-romana e entender um pouco de como os textos antigos chegam até nós pela recepção e tradução. Você pode deixar um comentário, na sua plataforma de áudio favorita, contando o que achou. A gente vai adorar te ver por lá! Até mais e nos encontramos no próximo episódio. [vinheta final]

Angel Martinez Bermejo relata su reciente visita a la isla griega de Quios, a la que llego desde Turquia aprovechando un viaje por la costa del Egeo. Una isla con facil acceso desde territorio turco, ya que Quios, Samos y Lesbos estan a muy poca distancia del litoral turco.

Acts 20:13-38   13 But going ahead to the ship, we set sail for Assos, intending to take Paul aboard there, for so he had arranged, intending himself to go by land. 14 And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and went to Mitylene.15 And sailing from there we came the following day opposite Chios; the next day we touched at Samos; and the day after that we went to Miletus. 16 For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus, so that he might not have to spend time in Asia, for he was hastening to be at Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.        17 Now from Miletus he sent to Ephesus and called the elders of the church to come to him. 18And when they came to him, he said to them: "You yourselves know how I lived among you the whole time from the first day that I set foot in Asia, 19 serving the Lord with all humility and withtears and with trials that happened to me through the plots of the Jews; 20 how I did not shrink from declaring to you anything that was profitable, and teaching you in public and from house to house, 21testifying both to Jews and to Greeks of repentance toward God and of faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.22 And now, behold, I am going to Jerusalem, constrained by the Spirit, not knowing what will happen to me there, 23 except that the Holy Spirit testifies to me in every city that imprisonment andafflictions await me. 24 But I do not account my life of any value nor as precious to myself, if only I may finish my course and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the gospel ofthe grace of God. 25 And now, behold, I know that none of you among whom I have gone aboutproclaiming the kingdom will see my face again. 26 Therefore I testify to you this day that I am innocent of the blood of all, 27 for I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole counsel of God.28 Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made youoverseers, to care for the church of God, which He obtained with His own blood. 29 I know that after my departure fierce wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock; 30 and from among your own selves will arise men speaking twisted things, to draw away the disciples after them. 31Therefore be alert, remembering that for three years I did not cease night or day to admonish every one with tears. 32 And now I commend you to God and to the word of His grace, which is able tobuild you up and to give you the inheritance among all those who are sanctified. 33 I coveted no one's silver or gold or apparel. 34 You yourselves know that these hands ministered to my necessities and to those who were with me. 35 In all things I have shown you that by working hard in this way we must help the weak and remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how He Himself said, 'It is more blessed to give than to receive.'"        36 And when he had said these things, he knelt down and prayed with them all. 37 And there was much weeping on the part of all; they embraced Paul and kissed him, 38 being sorrowful most of all because of the word he had spoken, that they would not see his face again. And they accompanied him to the ship.   Key Words: Humility, Tears, Trials, Teaching, Constrained, Guard, Wolves, Give Keystone Verses: Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care for the church of God, which He obtained with His own blood. (Acts 20:28) It is more blessed to give than to receive. (Acts 20:35)     Download Bulletin

Marie Outtier welcomes investor–operator June Angelides for a candid conversation on the journey from Lagos to London, from SVB to founding Mums in Tech, and ultimately to investing at Samos VC. June shares how motherhood, identity, and learning to code shaped her founder empathy and “servant leadership” style—being truly on-call for portfolio teams while building conviction in uncertain markets.The episode gets tactical: demystifying angel checks via syndicates, asking for information rights, and getting back to basics on revenue. June spotlights recent health-tech bets (e.g., continuous hormone monitoring, postpartum care), her African syndicate Lavarie across Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa, and practical advice for founders—including tapping the UK's EIS/SEIS. In a rapid-fire close, she names AI as the pitch-room buzzword and Carol Dweck's Mindset as a lasting influence—underscoring her mission to open doors for overlooked builders.[00:00:00] Intro by Marie; who June is (Lagos → London, Mums in Tech, Samos VC, investor lens).[00:01:00] Origin story: family background, moving to London at 17.[00:01:48] UCL economics; first role at Thomson Reuters and the newsroom energy.[00:03:05] Joining Silicon Valley Bank; vision to sit at the heart of the UK innovation ecosystem.[00:04:12] Maternity leave → learning to code; deciding to build something.[00:05:10] Launching Mums in Tech; SVB sponsorship; on-site childcare for a pilot.[00:06:12] 8-week curriculum; 100 sign-ups; bridging founder–engineer communication and tools.[00:07:39] From shy to intentional leadership; creating space for others' ideas.[00:08:54] 12 cohorts / 250 women; funding & representation gaps push her toward VC.[00:10:00] Samos VC thesis: sector-agnostic, patient capital; seven years in; starting to angel invest.[00:11:28] Syndicates 101 (Odin/AngelList, SPVs); small checks, one cap-table line, big signal.[00:13:40] Risk mindset; how early angels add momentum and help with institutional references.[00:21:38] Women's health bets: Level Zero Health (hormones) and Hester Health (postpartum); AI tailwinds.[00:23:34] Geography & check sizes: UK/EU/US; up to $1.5M; occasional flex into quantum.[00:24:05] Lavarie African syndicate; Nigeria/Kenya/Ghana/South Africa; examples (Rayness, Chaodec).[00:31:16] Rapid fire & wrap: AI buzzword; revenue > hype; book—Mindset; reframing failure and closing.Hébergé par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Acts 20:1-16 After the uproar ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging them, he said farewell and departed for Macedonia. 2 When he had gone through those regions and had given them much encouragement, he came to Greece. 3 There he spent three months, and when a plot was made against him by the Jews as he was about to set sail for Syria, he decided to return through Macedonia. 4 Sopater the Berean, son of Pyrrhus, accompanied him; and of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and Timothy; and the Asians, Tychicus and Trophimus. 5 These went on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas, 6 but we sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and in five days we came to them at Troas, where we stayed for seven days. 7 On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul talked with them, intending to depart on the next day, and he prolonged his speech until midnight. 8 There were many lamps in the upper room where we were gathered. 9 And a young man named Eutychus, sitting at the window, sank into a deep sleep as Paul talked still longer. And being overcome by sleep, he fell down from the third story and was taken up dead. 10 But Paul went down and bent over him, and taking him in his arms, said, “Do not be alarmed, for his life is in him.” 11 And when Paul had gone up and had broken bread and eaten, he conversed with them a long while, until daybreak, and so departed. 12 And they took the youth away alive, and were not a little comforted. 13 But going ahead to the ship, we set sail for Assos, intending to take Paul aboard there, for so he had arranged, intending himself to go by land. 14 And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and went to Mitylene. 15 And sailing from there we came the following day opposite Chios; the next day we touched at Samos; and the day after that we went to Miletus. 16 For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus, so that he might not have to spend time in Asia, for he was hastening to be at Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.

Shawn Tierney meets up with Michael Warren of Wieland Electric to learn about the Samos PRO MOTION Safety Controller in this episode of The Automation Podcast. For any links related to this episode, check out the “Show Notes” located below the video. Watch The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: Listen to The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: The Automation Podcast, Episode 249 Show Notes: Special thanks to Michael Warren for coming on the show, and to Wieland Electric for sponsoring this episode so we could release it “ad free!” To learn about the topics discussed in this episode, checkout the below links: SAMOS® PRO Safety Motion Controller Safety Products Free Download of Samos Plan6 Programming Software Safety Training – Become a Safety Expert! Read the transcript on The Automation Blog: (automatically generated) Shawn Tierney (Host): coming soon Until next time, Peace ✌️  If you enjoyed this content, please give it a Like, and consider Sharing a link to it as that is the best way for us to grow our audience, which in turn allows us to produce more content

El lloretenc ha estat vuit anys investigant i recollint informació per publicar aquesta extensa obra que recull història, anècdotes, fotografies i documents.

Hoje Lucas e Marcelo vão listar jogos (os famigerados "games") em que eles são os melhores, os pica das galáxias, os bonzão, os astros, os campeões... SÓ QUE NÃO!!!!!⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Edição: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daniel Bayer⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Arte da Capa: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daltrinador

ALBUM FOCUS www.putumayo.com Putumayo Discovery presents French Groove French Groove captures the stylist spirit of a new wave of Francophone musicians who bend upbeat global rhythms and retro cool with inimitable French touch.From this new compilation I aired:The Loire Valley Calypsos (France) "Samos"Alamic (France) "Bossa"Mathieu Gattuso (France) "A La Vie" ***************************Professsor Louie & The Crowmatix "Johnny" - Crowin' Around www.professorlouie.comLaurie Morvan "I Want Answers" - Gravity www.lauriemorvan.comAmerican Merit "Higher Ground" www.americanmeritband.comThe Wildwoods "Meadowlark" - Dear Meadowlark www.thewildwoodsband.comTall Tall Trees "Men & Mountains" - Moment www.talltalltrees.comEver More Nest "Out Here Now" Out Here Now www.evermorenest.comRobert Thomas & The Sessionmen "Lake Louise" - The Way We Roll www.robertthomasandthesessionmen.comPetunia & The Vipers "Long Gone" - Callin' Me Back www.petuniaandthevipers.com********************************Carla Gover "Raise A Little Cane" - Kentucky Queen www.carlagover.comKate McDonnell "Hard Heart" - Trapeze www.katemcdonnell.com Jess Klein "Over The Line" - When We Rise www.jessklein.com Fred Gillen Jr. "The Bluebird Flew Away" - Birds www.fredgillenjr.com Mean Mary "Tarzan" - Woman Creature (Portrait Of A Woman, Part 2) www.meamary.comBen Bedford "Wolves" - Valley Of Stars www.benbedford.comJoy Zimmerman "We Are A Bell" - Where The Light Lives www.joyzimmermanmusic.com Zoe FitzGerald Carter "Starlight Blue" - Before The Machine www.zoefitgeraldccarter.comNoah Zacharin "Something Like A River" - Points Of Light www.nonahsong.com Closing music: TJ Rehmi "You Are We Am I (Red Mix)" - The Warm ChillRunning time: 4 hours 11 minutes I hold deed to this audio's usage, which is free to share with specific attribution, non-commercial and non-derivation rules.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Episode 99 – Tanya and Bruno's Story   This is one of my favourite patient- and client stories! From the beautiful island of Samos in Greece to Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, Bruno has had a very varied and sometimes challenging life. Tanya reached out to me when Bruno became increasingly sound sensitive after arriving in Abu Dhabi, to the point where he hid under a storage rack in the basement for 23 hours per day.   After seeing Tanya and Bruno for an emergency consultation, I designed a comprehensive treatment plan for Bruno which includes psychopharmaceutical medications and comprehensively addressing his musculo-skeletal pain, which may have been the cause for the sudden deterioration in his behaviour.   Listen as Tanya talks openly about how she and her husband navigated this journey and how Bruno is doing now!   What an incredible episode to take us into our re-brand and re-launch into The Veterinary Behaviour Chat Podcast !   If you're a Pet Care Professional and you'd like to know more about Veterinary Psychopharmacology, then my PSYCHOACTIVE course is for you: https://katrin-jahn.mykajabi.com/psychoactive   If you liked this episode of the show, The Pet Behaviour Chat, please LEAVE A 5-STAR REVIEW, like, share, and subscribe!   Facebook Group: Join The Veterinary Behaviour Community on Facebook   You can CONNECT with me: Website: Visit my website Trinity Veterinary Behaviour Instagram: Follow Trinity Veterinary Behaviour on Instagram Trinity Veterinary Behaviour Facebook: Join us on Trinity Veterinary Behaviour's Facebook page Trinity Veterinary Behaviour YouTube: Subscribe to Trinity Veterinary Behaviour on YouTube LinkedIn Profile: Connect with me on LinkedIn   Thank you for tuning in!

In the shadow of the vast Persian Empire, a whisper grew into a roar along the Ionian coast. The Ionian cities, once confident under their own laws, found themselves staring up at a new, distant ruler. Aristagoras, a cunning and ambitious leader, stood at a crossroads: bow to tyranny or risk everything for freedom. He chose the latter, believing unity could outshine fear. The tale begins with a spark: a failed tribute to the Persian throne, a rumor of rebellion, and a chorus of city-states like Miletus, Ephesus, and Samos. They lined up not as friends, but as wary neighbors, each with its own grievance. The plan was audacious—strike at the heart of Persian power and light the fire of liberty for all Ionian cities. Yet, even as the flame grew, old rivalries and distrust snuffed at the edges. The Ionian fleet set sail, banners snapping in the wind, hearts pounding with hope. But rough seas and brutal battles turned hope into peril. Despite moments of courage—sharpened swords, stubborn resistance, and the Greek spirit that refused to bow—the revolt faltered. Persian forces adapted quickly; imperial logistics proved unbreakable; and internal divisions widened the rift between allies. The revolt, though dimmed, left a blazing trail: it showed the power and peril of collective action, the fragility of unity, and the seeds of future wars that would echo through the ages.

This week Shawn Tierney hosts Michael Warren from Wieland Electric in studio to demonstrate the SAMOS PRO Safety Controller in episode 15 of The Automation Show Season 2: #Automation #IndustrialAutomation #InsightsInAutomation Watch The Automation Show: Samos Pro Safety Controller Listen to The Automation Podcast from The Automation Blog: Show Notes: Thanks to Michael for coming out to our office, and to Wieland for sponsoring this episode! For more information about the SAMOS Pro Safety Controller, see the below links: Wieland Electric Safety Products Free Download of Samos Plan6 SAMOS PRO SAFETY CONTROLLER Safety Training Wieland Electric North America Contact info Note: The video edition was originally released on 07-22-25, and re-released with Audio Podcast Edition on 08-21-25. Read the transcript on The Automation Blog: (automatically generated) Shawn Tierney (Host): Everybody, welcome back to the show. Sean Tierney here from Insights and Automation, and we have a special show for you today. I have Michael here from Wheelan, and we’re gonna talk safety PLCs and all kinds of great stuff. But before we jump into that, you know, I haven’t had Wheeling on the show before. So, Michael, I’m hoping you can give us a well, not only introduce yourself. I got to meet him this morning before we started recording. But, if you could introduce yourself and then maybe tell us a little bit about your company, and then we can jump into why we’re here to talk about these good looking products. So let me turn it over to you. Michael Warren (Wieland): Okay. Great. Well, thank you, Sean. Thank you for having me. I appreciate that. And, yeah, my name is Mike Warren. I’m a business development manager for, Whelan Electric, North America. I’ve been, with Whelan a couple years now, but, I got over twenty years of experience in the industry. I have a couple of TUV certifications under my belt. I have a TUV functional safety engineer and also TUV certified functional safety expert. In addition to that, I do consulting for safety applications. I teach safety classes. I also teach the CFSE class. And, I do things like, review machine safeguarding, standards, CE marking, risk assessments, remediations, lockout tagout, basically everything that, is involved in in the safety world. These are some of the classes that I cover. So, what we’re doing today, Sean, is to talk about, our product. Okay? The the Samuels Pro Compact. And the Samuels Pro Compact is a safety PLC. It’s known, by various names, safety controller, brick PLC, whatnot. But it is a compact, as the name implies, safety controller. And in a safety chain, it really is, the keystone to a safety, system. There’s always, an input device. Okay. We follow the ILO system. Okay. I for input devices. L for logic, in this case, the Samuels Pro Compact. And an output devices could be contactors, which I have here, in the demo itself. Okay. It could be a, OSSD, inputs from a VFD or robots. Okay? So those qualify as output devices. But the input device is for detection. The large device makes a decision, and the output device executes. And the primary purpose of an output device is to remove energy in an emergency or a, an intrusion, situation. So let’s take a look at the product itself. Okay? The Samuels Pro Compact, again, is occupying this spot right here, in the demo itself. It’s 45 millimeters. Okay? Very compact. The base system is set up with 20 inputs. Okay? 20 devices. Okay. 20 inputs, it would be, 10 safety devices. Safety device is always redundant. There’s two points per safety device. So that device is already set up for 10. There’s four safety outputs on it. And the version that I have here in the demo is actually an upgraded version including motion. So not only will it, set up and accept the inputs from some of these safety devices that I have here, for example, like light curtains, I have door switches, I have an e stop, I also have an analog position switch right there that’ll detect the input. Other than those devices, I also have a safety encoder attached to one of the axes, in the demo to do motion detection. Not only are we detecting people, but we’re also detecting shaft movements, okay, with the encoder itself. Shawn Tierney (Host): And that’s optional. So there’s two models, one with motion and one without. Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s absolutely right. Alright. And I wanna point out that the software is free. It can be downloaded easily. It can throw it on your laptop. And the nice thing about it, and we’ll get to the software. We’re gonna show a little bit about it, that you can use the software without any hardware attached to it yet. Okay? You could literally can build your safety system in the virtual sense, test it out, check to see if it’s, working properly. And, again, when we dive into the software, you’ll see a little bit, the nice, additional features you get. Things like a schematic and a report, and also show you the modules that are actually part of the system itself. Okay? Now, we talked about, the communications on this too. Okay? We have three onboard communication, protocols. Okay? Onboard, we can, work with PROFINET, Ethernet IP, and Modbus TCP. Shawn Tierney (Host): Oh, nice. Michael Warren (Wieland): There are additional gateways that you can get to add additional, cons. Okay? That includes CAN open, PROFIBUS, and EtherCAT. So, again, we have a nice way of communicating with other protocols, and let’s face it, other manufacturers. And in the safety world, the manufacturer’s controllers, the actual, automation controllers are not to dictate to the safety system when to remove energy or not. It’s the other way around. The safety always has a a precedence and a priority over the controls. Its purpose with these communication gateways is to inform the control systems of what’s going on in the safety. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. I mean, most of the time, your your master PLC is gonna already have an HMI or SCADA system. Correct. So they’re gonna wanna display that information. So if you have those especially the the three you have built in, I’ll be able to probably the biggest three Yep. You know, according to all the surveys and industry reports and whatnot. Having those built in means I mean, you cover most PLCs standard PLCs. You’re gonna be able to give the data to them. They’re gonna be able to know in their program. They’re They’re gonna be able to let their operators know using the existing equipment. So very cool. Michael Warren (Wieland): Yep. And in this world, we, fully understand that, it’s a it’s a mix and match. Okay? Okay. Rare do we find customers that are using a single brand for everything. You and it’s necessary that, you know, one brand of light curtains works with the controller and another brand of door switch and whatnot. They’re all kinda compatible. And the communications, though, is very, very important, because, again, they’re not, operating, independently and in a silo. Shawn Tierney (Host): So if I understand that correctly, so we’re seeing your products, Ian. I really don’t know much about your company and what products they make, but I can see you make a lot of products here. So you’re saying that you don’t just work with the Whelan products, you work with other people’s safety products as well. Absolutely. Third party light curtain or third party contactor or safety contactor or third parties, safety push button. Michael Warren (Wieland): Absolutely. Okay. Whelan, itself is a, it’s a German company. Okay? Okay? They’re famous for their terminal blocks. Okay? So really we put them on the map, you know, many, many years ago. But, there’s two pillars for the company right now. One is safety products, and the other is distributed power. And, again, this is an important product for it. This is really our keystone and our leading product, as a logic device in a safety system. So a lot of time and energy and development has been put into this, to make it, a world class and, leading with all the features, like you said, including communications. Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, I think too the fact that the audience can go out there and grab a copy of the software and actually simulate their system, that gives them a you know, because maybe they maybe they’re like me. Maybe they haven’t used your system before. So they can actually build a system, put it together, test it in the simulator without spending a dime. They’ll be like and, hey. They go to the boss and say, hey. I got a proof of concept here. Let’s let’s call Mike and say, we can’t come to call out and and show us more. Michael Warren (Wieland): Yep. No. No. As a please call. By the way, I appreciate that. No. Like I say, it is a, a wonderful benefit. It helps people try to determine because, let’s face it. Not everybody knows and understands safety unless you do this, day in and day out. Yeah. You’re not up with the latest standards. You don’t understand simple things like an e stop here requires a, a contrasting yellow background to it. Something as simple as that. And, again, the, the the software itself is smart enough where you put these devices together, and if you configure it wrong, it bounces you out. And the reason that it bounces you out or says that you can’t, you’re not permitted to do that particular because it’s always traceable back to standards. Okay? So the standards are embedded in the configuration, and the algorithms that allow you to drag and drop and put particular devices together are based on, on the standards themselves. Okay. So the controller itself, in a safety system, is of the highest rating. Okay? In the PL system, it’s PLE. Okay? That’s, that’s that is the highest, that you can, arrive to in in the PL system. It’s PLE, SIL three, or CAT four. Okay? They’re all being used in in today’s industry. People, communicate, about safety either in cats or seals or PLs. But the latest and greatest, in, going forward really is the, the the performance level, PLE. That’s the highest level. But, again, it follows basic, safety fundamentals that if you attach, devices, in a chain, a safety chain, and you have PLE, PLE, PLE, and you have one device, that’s PLD or PLC, for example, a little lower than the whole system always reverts down to the lowest in the chain. It’s the weakest link basically. The weakest link. Yeah. Okay. So, again, you’re starting out with a a PLE safety controller, and now the weakest link is not the controller. It tends to be something else. Good. Okay? I mentioned also that, the motion control. Okay? And it has a a safe motion, embedded in the software, and we’re gonna take a peek at these a little bit. Six different TUV function blocks. Okay? Certified function blocks. Okay? They are, a safe standstill motion. Okay? Or or basically a zero RPM, determination. Okay? And all of these function blocks in the motion world are designed to detect shaft motion, shaft speed, shaft position, okay, and shaft direction. All the rest of the safety devices we have on here are for human detection. Okay? Hands, like light curtains, hands going in, door switches, gates opening, things like that. To your point, Sean, that, yeah, you say, you know, we have compatibility with lots of other brands and lots of other products. We don’t have all the safety products that are available here in front of us. For example, safety mats. Okay? Okay. Safety mats can be fed into this. Okay? It’s just another input device. Mhmm. Okay? Safety scanners can be fed into this. Okay? The form factor of a safety scanner is a little different than light curtains. Okay? But it’s basic same principle. Okay? Rope pulley stops. Okay? Two hand controls. All of these different devices are available in the library. Okay? And, again, we’re gonna show the software here in a little bit, and you can configure it, as you please with whatever brand, you’d like to use. And, again, some people are are stuck on certain technologies. For example, safety mats are kinda older technology. Mhmm. But they’re still viable and a viable solution in a lot of applications, and we see them all the time. So, obviously, the safety controller, will take those, as a, a viable input. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. A lot of times I’ve seen that the choice there is really I mean, I think most people wanna do the light curtains, but I think the mats, the rope pulls, the the scanners, I mean, they all address applications where the light curtain just doesn’t isn’t the best fit. So it really comes back, and you tell me if I’m wrong, but it seems the the choice there, a lot of times, comes back to, not always. I mean, there’s preferences. They want they all work. Right? Yep. But the scanners usually being the most expensive in my experience. But, yeah, a lot of Michael Warren (Wieland): it there’s there’s some applications you just have to have the rope pull. You something else won’t work. Yep. No. You’re absolutely right. The application typically drives the choice of devices. And, one of the things that, I go through when I do safety, machine safeguarding classes is this should always be be based on risk assessments. Yeah. Really looking at it, holistically, the whole system, the usage, the severity of the potential injuries, the frequency, the chances of these injuries type of happen. And, again, we put the best recommendations going forward, based on when we see applications. But it is by application by application. Rarely do we see, two that are exactly the same. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And the risk assessment, I mean, if you’re an expert, you have the training he has, you you maybe you can do your own. But a a lot of us don’t have that training. And so to pick the right products, you gotta know what the risks are. And you don’t wanna spend thousands and thousands of dollars on something and then find out, oh, like, the biggest risk you didn’t address because it just didn’t come to mind. So the risk assessment by an expert is so huge in these type of applications. Again, some of the people, maybe they went to your training, maybe they got certified, and they can do their own. But, that’s usually a big part of a part of a project. Michael Warren (Wieland): It is. It is. And, it’s important, again, to have at least, you know, some background. Okay? It isn’t really an arbitrary, choice of devices. It’s usually a thoughtful process thinking of the input devices and the risks to people and, considering the the, the collaboration of people and machinery together. This is where we have to try to protect, humans near the equipment. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. Absolutely. And it’s gone on the days from a 100 years ago where, you can take those risks. I know a lot of people still do, but, you know, every time somebody gets hurt and there’s a new light current going up or a new god going on something, the go on are the days where a sign says, don’t touch or you may die. That’s not sufficient these days. And a lot of that’s driven by the insurance companies because they don’t wanna have to pay out for people getting all these injuries. Right? And I think we all know people who are missing hands and thumbs and and and body parts because they got they got stuck in a machine. So, I think this is a good trend. And these products, I I I think when you guys see the software, they’re super easy to use as well, so it makes a lot of sense. Michael Warren (Wieland): Yep. And let’s not forget, you mentioned insurance companies, but let’s not forget government oversight. Okay? OTA Yeah. True. Is, here in The United States is, really the watchdog for safety. And, not only are there, costs involved with machine downtime and injuries and insurance payouts, but let’s not forget, fines, levied by, OSHA. Okay? And, once you, unfortunately, once you get into, OSHA’s radar, they keep they can’t they tend to keep an eye on you. And, you don’t again, it’s it’s this kind of scrutiny you really don’t want. Poor publicity, downtime, and, again, that’s reputation. I mean, at some point, it boils down to company reputation. Okay? But, speaking of software, why don’t we take a peek at the software here, and let me show you a couple of details about it. Okay? This is the basic work screen right here. I have the software, called up. Again, it was a free download. I downloaded it online. And, again, I wanna create a basic system. Okay? I’m not gonna replicate this whole system here. There’s a lot of devices here and there could be conditions where I have multiple safety zones, which is something that you could put in the software. But I’m just gonna do a very basic configuration. I I call it the five minutes to safety setup. And what’s the simplest safety device to wire up and set up here? It’s the lonely estop. Okay? What we’re going to do is we’re gonna take an estop, put it into our, our our workspace here, and wire it up, run it, make sure it operates properly. I have the proper, wiring, I have proper configuration, and then we’ll see how the software guides us to, that completion. Okay? So, Sean, we’re gonna grab a device here. Okay? I’m gonna go ahead and grab an e stop. And you’ll notice here, I have a choice either a single channel or a dual channel. We always wanna pick dual channel. Safety is always redundant to contacts per. Okay? So I grab that. Okay? Now as part of a safety system, once I, initiate an emergency stop, I have to be able to reset it. Okay? That’s an important part of the actuation of the, of the estop. So what I’m gonna do is I’m gonna grab a reset button. Okay? Right out of the library. Now pop it right over here. Now the next thing I wanna do is I have to have the actual contact, the initial initiation of a switch itself. Okay? So I’m going to come over here to the switch, and I’m going to grab a dual channel switch. Just drag it over here. Okay? So I have my emergency stop. I have my reset, and then I have the actual switch, the initiation switch of the system. And what’s missing? My output device. Right? So I’m gonna come over here, and I’m gonna just grab some contactors. Okay? Quite similar to what I have in the demo itself. And again, dual channel. I’m gonna grab that guy right there. Okay? So input device, logic device is the Samuels, controller here, and also the software called Samuels plan is right in front of us. Now we connect. I’m connecting here to there. I connect here to here, and then I connect the output to the contactors. Okay? Boom. I’m all set up. That’s it. Now why don’t we run and initiate, a safety function here? Let’s test it out. That’s how you’re gonna really know now. Right? I turn the simulation on. The background goes green. So I’m in a simulated mode. I’m in a virtual system right now. And as you can see, I have no hardware set up. I’m just using the software and the tools in the software itself. Okay? I’m gonna start the safety. Okay? Start the simulation. You can see the counter go up. This is the the time, okay, that I’m run actually running the, the simulation, and I have to turn things on. Right? I have to initiate them. Okay? I turn that on. You’ll notice here I have this flashing display, display reset request. I turn that one on, and then I actually do a reset. It’s as though I just set up an estop, and I say, okay. Let’s initiate it. Let’s get it started. Okay? Now I want you to notice the lines. Right? From my estop to the reset to the contactors are all green. That means I’m up and live, and I have a living, breathing safety system right now. So how do I know if it’s working properly? Well, let’s just trip the estop. It would be as simple as hitting the mushroom here and depressing it down. Since we’re virtual here, I’m gonna hit the estop right here. My green lines disappear. Okay? I’ve effectively executed a safety function. I, pushed the estop here, and I lost my connection to my contactor. I now have removed energy from that contactor. Okay? But and now if I wanna go through a a reset, sequence, go back on, you’ll see the flashing light. I turn that on, turn that on, and now I have my system back up again. Okay? Very easy. And, again, I I tell people that, this isn’t really a a programming system. This is really a configuration, and you’re just dragging and dropping. Now let’s take a look at some of the other tools that we have here. I’m just gonna pause the simulation for a second here. Okay. Once I actually do this and I know I have a living, breathing, simulation system. Okay? I shut off the simulation for a second and let’s see what the software has shown us or what done for us. Okay? Number one, the module. It actually shows us the module that it’s selected to accomplish the function that we wanted to do. Okay? This particular model, okay, the non motion one, you you mentioned that before. This is a non motion because all we’re doing is an e stop detection here. And if you take a look, you’ll see some very interesting points. Okay? Notice you’re gonna see an e stop symbol right here on I one and I two. It automatically selected, I one and I two to do that connection. The switch, the reset switch itself, I three and I four, and on the output side, I have q 1 and q two. They’re my contactors. It actually shows up right on here. Okay? And, as you can see on the demo itself, we have flash we have lights that are on. We have a communication light on the Ethernet IP port that’s flashing. These would be, your indicators on here telling you the condition whether you have good communications, you have good connections, or in in the event that you have a safety trip. Okay? Some of these indicators will go red. And that’s how your your first visual when you approach a, controller like this and you see that you have a safety trip, you would have the red indication on here. Okay? So that’s the module that that came up automatically in the software. Next is the report. Okay? It’s gonna generate a report on our configuration. Okay? And it’s nice because there’s a lot in the report itself. If we scroll down, we end up with a CRC control number. This is actually a time date stamp that identifies the unique configuration of the, project that we just created here based on the time date, and it’s unique. Okay? And when you go ahead and build a big system and you get a machine commissioned, okay, the CRC number is important to identify the material condition and the safety, the report that is generated, the safety level, and it’ll be identified here in the report itself. Okay? Okay. List of materials. Okay. We have, not only a bill of materials. Okay. Scroll down. There’s our controller again. That is in the report. Again, it’s a replication of what we saw in the software. There’s a bill of materials, the actual devices that are part of the safety system here. Okay. And we scroll down a little bit more. If we ran some diagnostics and more elaborate systems, we can run diagnostics and collect that information and actually have it show up here in the report. Okay? General information, things like CPU cycle time, for example, CPU usage. Okay? Isn’t identified here. Now we go down a little bit further and this is a really really cool part of the system that I like is actually the wiring diagram. We get calls all the time. Hey, how do you wire this? They say, you know, what do I connect? And I said, well, you know, it’s a input device, log device, output device. Yeah. But how do you connect it? When you set it up in the software here and you do the drag and drop like you see and run the report, you get an automatic wiring diagram. That’s all. So you don’t have to, you know, break out a pen and paper and draw up your wiring diagram. It’s already in here. And you can export this and put it into your master, wiring diagram. Okay? So those are on the inputs. Right? Okay? It’s my test policies. Okay? It shows my mercy stop and then also my reset switch. And on the output, I show my contactors. Okay? So, again, as you go through the whole report, it shows all the details or anything we configured. Again, we did something very simple. Just wired up an e stop to, actuate, a safety function, and we had the contactors to actually do something. The logic device makes a decision, and the contactors actually remove the energy. Okay? Now if we had additional things like, IO. Okay? This does have the ability to, have expanded IO. Again, we mentioned there were 20 IO points, resident, on the, controller itself. But if you needed more than 20, okay, we have additional safety inputs. We have additional safety outputs. We you also can attach through the backplane on the DIN rail itself, non safety IO. Okay? Things like the lights that are on here. Okay? Those aren’t really safety functions, but we do need IO points to actually run those. Shawn Tierney (Host): Is that what the gray module is? Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s exactly what that is. Safety. Yeah. Absolutely. Absolutely. Good call. And again, it’s, there’s not a really a standard that says that that they shall be yellow, but it’s kind of an industry convention. Yeah. Okay? There’s a difference between a standard convention and, yellow kinda calls out as a safety device and non yellow, for example, would be a, non safety, and that is a non safety function. So again, we have, additional, IO not only for, the safety but non safety. And, again, people tend to think that, the safety itself, can’t do a standard, operations and standard logic. But, I might point out here in the function blocks themselves. Okay? We actually have capabilities like that. Okay? In the software itself, okay, you take a peek here. These are just standard logic symbols. Right? Okay. I have a not, and, or. I mean, I can do a lot of features on here and really create elaborate safety systems. Mhmm. And again, a safety controller can do some non safety functions. It’s you just can’t go the other way around. A a non safety controller cannot be, utilized, for safety. Okay? But that’s all built into the software right there. And again, if we had additional if we wanted EtherCAT, for example. Okay? EtherCAT was not resident on here. We would add a separate, comm gateway, to that system right there, and it would show up in our report here. Additional gateways, extension modules, and any sort of logic that we had associated with the system itself. But, again, this report just gets printed up automatically. It shows, basically what we saw in the software that’s resident in here too. If you have to go back and make modifications, you’re obviously going to change the CRC number because every time you change configuration, you get a new configuration code. But, you do get a chance to basically see, and it’s a copy of, whatever that you had configured there in the report. So you have the report, you have the modules, and then you have your workspace. And, again, all of this was done virtually. All we had was, the free software downloaded, and we ran it, to run, the system for us. Shawn Tierney (Host): I should’ve asked you before you close the report. Do you get a bill of materials, like, the actual part numbers you need to order? Michael Warren (Wieland): Yes. Yes. Absolutely. I’m glad you asked that. Okay. Run the report. Open it up again. And our bill of material, Shawn Tierney (Host): let’s It’s usually a pretty big one too because, you know, you you’re not gonna be an expert like they are on their products or use any data tool to help you select which products you need, especially since you just went through and configured it all. And so there it is. There’s your bill of material. Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s the bill of material there. Okay? We have the controller itself. The card is, an SD card. Okay. Good point. We should mention this now. Yep. The, the SD card itself, okay, is, specially configured to work with the, this it’s not entirely big. It’s only a 512, megabyte, but it is required and this is where all of the, safety programs are actually resident. The nice thing about that is if you’ve had if you have multiple safety controllers in your facility and you have your recipes, resident on the card here, you literally can take this out and pollinate, literally go to each controller, install it, and then load up and have have safety programs. So you go from one controller to the other to the other, but the recipes are resident on the card itself. Shawn Tierney (Host): So what how about duplicating the program? If I if I’m an OEM and I have a bunch of machines. Right? And I just wanna duplicate the program. Can I use the card to do that as well from machine to machine to machine? Michael Warren (Wieland): Absolutely. You could do it card to card or if you did, you know, use your laptop. Okay? And you have the program on there. Shawn Tierney (Host): Okay. You save right to the card? You save it to the card. Yep. Okay. Without having the controller here, you can save right to the card. Michael Warren (Wieland): Save right to the card. Shawn Tierney (Host): Oh, that’s a nice feature. Yep. Some people can’t do that. Yep. I won’t mention any names. Michael Warren (Wieland): So yeah. Like I say, the good news is, it does save to the card. The bad news is you have to have the card, as part of it. Shawn Tierney (Host): It needs to be the company. It needs to be a wheeling card that’s matched for that device. Exactly. The special call it out. Michael Warren (Wieland): Yep. To close it out. And then again, the the rest of, the the bill materials is we have the e stop, the dual channel closer. That’s that’s just the software’s name for the reset switch and a set of contactors inside. But that is, to answer your question, that is the, the bill material there. Did you have any questions? Well, you know, he gave me some Shawn Tierney (Host): of the most popular good. I have not well, I purposely as you guys know, I purposely don’t look at the companies the first time I see them because I wanna try to have a natural reaction like you will the first time you’re watching this episode. Yeah. So, in any case, Mike was kind enough to give me some of the questions that come in. So how about number one? Alright. So I’m gonna read number one here. What makes the Samos I’m sorry. What makes the Samos Pro Compact ideal for space constraint applications? Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s a great question. And, we touched upon this and it has to do with the actual size of it. Okay? As I mentioned, it only occupies, 45 millimeters, on a DIN rail. Okay? Great. And, itself is set up with 20 input points, meaning it’s 10 safety devices. And let’s say I had discrete relays. Discrete relays typically take up 22 and a half millimeters a piece on the DIN rail space. 22 and a half millimeters times 10 devices, okay, would be occupy the whole DIN rail here. Okay? For 10 devices using discrete relays. The beauty and the benefit of having a say a compact like this, it only occupies 45 millimeters. Okay? So you have all this additional space for either expansion modules or other products. For example, the controls themselves. Yeah. K. No one says you have to run the controls, okay, or for safety in a separate cabin. They oftentimes share the same space in in the cabin. Cabinet space is valuable. Very real estate is very valuable. So again, it only occupies 45 millimeters. It saves an awful lot of space, holds a lot of devices just by itself. So, there’s an advantage right there. It makes a quick and easy configuration. Shawn Tierney (Host): Now you talked about something. I always thought this was a little odd. So you have an existing PLC, and then the the word comes in that whatever equipment you’re adding to the line or maybe it’s been reconfigured and you need to add a safety PLC. A lot of times, companies will not they’re like, we’re not gonna mess with the part that works. We’re gonna add in a separate safety PLC. And I think that’s unintuitive for people who you know, if you’re designing a brand new system, you’re gonna wanna design and get to buy a POC that’s a standard POC and a safety POC all in one. But I don’t think that’s that’s the opera. Do can you just share some of your thoughts on applications that you’ve seen over the years where they had an existing control system, but they needed to add a safety POC? And and that’s why they chose your product because it had to be totally separate from the existing system. Michael Warren (Wieland): Exactly. Exactly. You know, it’s it’s often nice to work on projects where you’re in the design, the front end. Okay? And you can have it all integrated and it all works quite nice. Yeah. Whatever you want. But, the the reality is that, you know, we’re called upon to add safety to a lot of older legacy systems. And, the concept that we always adhere to is really it’s a safety layer. Okay? And I really try in my classes, I try to separate control circuits from safety circuits. I call the control circuit the black circuits, and I call the safety circuits the red circuits. And the red circuits always have priority. Okay? And they have overreach, let’s say, of the black circuits to remove energy in an emergency situation. I mean, that’s what we’re that’s what we’re here to do. Right? We’re here the logic device is here to make a decision on an input. It could be either a detection of a hand or door opening or whatnot, or in the case of motion, an encoder signal. Okay? Identifying, over speed, going the wrong direction, has not reached a zero RPM state. Okay? That’s a a dangerous situation and it won’t open a door. It won’t unlock something until it achieves that state. So, to your question, we do a lot of applications where we have to put safety on as an afterthought. Yeah. Okay? And we work again with the controls, but we never integrate the safety directly. It always has a priority over it. And the idea is that the safety system will remove energy Yeah. From, whatever source. And when I say energy, it doesn’t have to be just electricity. Right? There could be kinetic energy. Mhmm. Okay? There could be Okay? There could be hydraulic energy. Okay? Their fluid power safety is just as important as electrical power safety. Okay? Quite honestly. Yeah. So those have a priority. It removes that energy, from the source, and then it turns around and it forms the control circuits. Okay? And this again, it’s it’s a little more painful and a little more complicated sometimes to add it onto a legacy equipment, but, it does get added, all the time. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And, you know, I know a lot of the vendors these days are only supporting the last, maybe, the six or seven years of software. If you have a multimillion dollar system that’s full of racks and racks of standard controls, you know, upgrading that, just even upgrading the CPU to get a safety CPU could be that could be more than than this entire project. Yeah. And I think that’s what I’ve seen is, you know, they don’t wanna update the software. They don’t wanna have to buy new laptops. They don’t wanna have to stock new spares. That control system is standalone and works great. And so they’ll whether they go with the same company or a different company or a wheel in, they they’ll add in the safety, the PLC as as a secondary PLC that controls the safety that’s integrated with the safety because that big expensive system, they can’t touch it, and they can’t afford to upgrade it. Just as a standalone, trying to upgrade that would be would be, really overkill. So and that’s what I’ve seen. And you guys tell let us know in the comments what you’ve seen. Now am I way off? You know, let let us know in the comments, and I’d love to hear what your thoughts are. But let me pitch it back to you, Mike, and, after that interruption. Sorry. No problem. Any other questions by chance? Hey. I have another, often asked question. How does Samos Pro Compact reduce programming and commissioning time? Ah. Michael Warren (Wieland): How does it do that? Well, let’s start off with everybody’s favorite word. It’s free. The software is free. Okay? Truly. Easy to download and, as we just, showed us, easy to configure. And, quite honestly, the complaints for a a lot of system, setups and a lot of software packages is the complexity of using it. And, slowly but surely, software is evolving to the point where it’s very graphical and it’s all drag and drop. Okay? Yeah. And as you saw on the library, all the ingredients are there. Okay? And even if you select the wrong thing and you try to you drag and drop, you know, the output of one thing into the input of another thing, and if it bounces and it won’t accept it, you know you’re violating or you’re not setting it up properly. So slowly but surely, it’ll explain to you. And what you can do in the software too, if you ever have any questions, I should have mentioned this when we were looking at the software, was you can right click on any of the modules themselves, and it automatically goes to a help screen and you get all the details on that device. And if there are variables, if there are variables available to change the features on that. For example, like a a an or device. Okay? Or an and gate. Okay? You can pull it up, drag it into the screen and say, well, it’ll default to, to two. And it said, well, I need, I need three. I have three. Okay? I need this and this and this. Okay? You right click and you have a variable and a drop down and you can add another input to that. Shawn Tierney (Host): Oh, that’s cool. Okay. I love how you’ve combined the configurator with the programmer. Yeah. So now it’s all in one. So you get your bill of materials. You also get to test the program. You get the simulator built in. Very cool. Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s right. And to, cut down on commissioning time, again, a lot of this work can be done prior to actually receiving. So you have a concept, a safety concept. You do a risk assessment. You say, okay. I need the following input devices. I need this logic device. I’m gonna attach to these output devices. And there’s time for that to come in. Okay? And you don’t have to wait for those to come in. Okay? You can actually get the software, start putting all those pieces together and setting up the system prior to the, hardware actually arriving. So, your commissioning time, you don’t start your commissioning time when the hardware shows up. You’re literally done before the hardware is done. It it comes in. That’s awesome. Yep. Yep. Any other questions, Sean? Shawn Tierney (Host): Hey. I got another one right here. How easy is it to connect Samos Pro Compact to existing control systems? I think we know the answer to this one. Go ahead. Michael Warren (Wieland): Gateways. And again, what we don’t have resident, on board, the the Samos Pro Compact itself, we have additional, gateways. Okay? CANopen. We have EtherCAT. That’s quite a popular, gateway protocol these days. We’re able to add just add an additional card to that and have that compatibility. And as you saw on the software, it showed up. Okay? Mhmm. When you add the cards, the card shows up and that protocol shows up. So it’s ready as a, an EtherCAT module, in an EtherCAT based system. Shawn Tierney (Host): So You said that it has PROFINET, ETHANIP, and Modbus TCP built in, which I think is so cool. Yes. I’m such a fan of companies that are doing that. But do you have to do something in the software to tell it which one you’re gonna use? Michael Warren (Wieland): No. You do not. In the software itself, it does especially when you’re using the virtual system, it does a detection, a health detection. Yes. Actually, that’s how it works. And then, again, you can go in and make a a a slight or small adjustments. You can actually get, addresses, through the software itself. So Oh, nice. It’s it’s not again, it’s you’re not, programming, you’re configuring. Shawn Tierney (Host): That’s awesome. Michael Warren (Wieland): It’s it’s a huge time savings, quite honestly. Shawn Tierney (Host): That’s awesome. You want me to go to number four? Michael Warren (Wieland): Sure, please. Shawn Tierney (Host): Let me ask you this. Is it sustainable? I’m sorry. Is it suitable for safety critical applications in demanding environments? Yeah. We haven’t talked about that yet. Michael Warren (Wieland): Yes. The the the device itself, typically has, most electrical devices in the industry typically have, an IP 20, rating themselves. Yeah. So IP 20, it doesn’t keep out, a lot of moisture itself. And quite honestly, these are typically, put in, cabinets, themselves to protect them. Okay? But but, the, the cabinets themselves, can, experience, a lot of temperature variations. Okay? So, these are rated between a minus 25 c to, plus 65 c. Okay? So, again, they are, designed for, harsh, cabinet temperatures, let’s say. Vibration, there are some, values of, it’s, it’s shock resistance. Okay? I had a customer the other day saying that, he was concerned about, the vibration that the cabinet was going to receive in a punch press. Every time the punch press, there was just this huge vibration. And we talked about the, the the shock resistance of the, controller itself and, mounting techniques. I mean, in my job as a safety consultant, as I mentioned, I look at things holistically. I talk about things that again, things like a shock mounting. Okay? We have the safety light curtains mounted here. At the moment, I have some standard, t fittings, okay, on the brackets, your standard ones. But if I was in a shock environment, I would, you know, talk with the customer and I would say, you know what? Based on what I’m seeing here, these obviously will handle a certain amount of shock by themselves. There’s no moving parts. Okay? So it does withstand a certain amount of shock, but, light curtains are notorious for being going out of alignment. And over a long distance, if one, the the transmitter, is, poorly aligned with the receiver, okay, and there’s some shock, then they’re gonna lose alignment with those vibrations and you’re gonna have nuisance stress. Nuisance tripping it. In that situation, I would tell people, I says, look, we have isolation dampeners. Okay? And a little rubber, grommets that you can actually put between the hardware and give a little bit of, a shock resistance to the light curtain themselves to help maintain. These are the kind of, little, advice, nuggets that we, deliver when we talk about a system, a holistically system, because we understand. Like you said, you know, some of these environments are pretty harsh and demanding. And the controller, as we mentioned earlier too, is a PLE. So the controller itself will never be, you know, the, the weak link in a safety system. There are some other devices. For example, in the motion, world, when we use a, a Samus motion and we use, the TUV function blocks for motion themselves. In addition to those is a vibration toolbox in the software itself. Okay? And that helps fine tune and take out nuisance vibrations that you’re trying to detect pulses from an encoder. You’re not trying to detect, other vibrations. Okay? Now the good news is that you can invoke these things in harsh harsh environments. Okay? You will knock down okay? According to the standards, you do knock down your PLE to PLD. Okay. But PLD is quite, is still is quite impressive and and robust. And again, the controller tends not to be the weakest link in a safety system. But great question. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. I’m just seeing something else here too. What is the four amps for? Is that each output’s four amps or Michael Warren (Wieland): No. It’s the high switching power. That way you don’t have to use actuators. Okay? You’re able to have that. So, again, they they tend to be, kind of a high power on the output side of things, and it reduces the need for additional relays or any any sort of additional devices, for that. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. How about question number five? You ready for that one? Sure thing. Encoder types. Does it have to be a Wheatland encoder? Michael Warren (Wieland): I get that all the time. Actually, no. Okay? It’s just looking for a standard HTL incremental encoder, and, it and in in fact, the people are using, non safety encoders too. Okay? There are safety rated encoders and non safety rated encoders and they can use it. The good news is you can use a non safety encoder with it. The bad news is it does degrade the PL level. Okay? You can get a PL level, e by using, safety rated encoders. Again, redundant. You can do two tracks. You do four tracks. However you need. And again, I I gave the example about, shaft, shearing and trying to detect whether or not you have a broken shaft. We mount an encoder on both ends and match and, tune up those two signals together. Because soon as you have a deviation, you know you have a shaft breakage. I think we were pretty successful in showing not only, the fact that it’s it saves a lot of space on the DIN rail for the number of devices it’s able to manage. Okay? It, the input devices, again, can be varied. Some of them are here, some of them are not here. But, a lot of typical devices, that get applied. And again, it’s not brand specific. Okay? It’s quite agnostic. Okay? Most of the safety devices in the industry work with our controller. As I mentioned, the the Wieland Safety Controller is our own product. Okay? So it’s our own design hardware and both software. So when we have upgrades and development, again, the upgrades are free. Okay? We we send out, and anytime the software gets over, there’s a point release, whatnot. Those are free. Okay? And, we know a lot of people in the industry, charge, for software. There’s licensing fees and whatnot, and, that never happens, with, the wheel and controller products. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. You know, could you wake up the HMI? It it looked like the screen was very well designed. Would you mind tapping the HMI? Yeah. So the HMI is good. So let’s talk a little bit about, like, aside from this, what are the products do you make? I mean, you make a safety POC. It looks like you also make an HMI. Michael Warren (Wieland): Yes. Yes. I’m glad you asked that. By the way, some of the, non safety type products, are actually on here. As you mentioned, the HMI itself. Okay? It’s a touchscreen, and, we have various sizes on it. And what you’re seeing here on this demo is a representation of a CNC machine. Okay. K? It gives a little bit of a story behind the devices that go into this. So for example, I turn it on. I’m running it. Okay. Okay. You hear my CNC running? Yeah. Oh, yeah. There we go. Very robust CNC. Now I go to open one of the doors. Okay? Okay. Not only will it stop the motion, but it’ll also show me on the HMI which particular door I opened up. Okay. Did you see that? Yeah. Yeah. That moved. Okay. And back with that. Shawn Tierney (Host): You see HMI updating as well? Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s right. So the up, the HMI updates itself and again, it continues to tell the situation. And that’s what’s nice about sending the output of this, over this, Ethernet, port here, to the HMI itself that when you have a trip. Okay? Look, I have several safety devices here. I have light curtains. I have three door switches here. I have, a an analog, position switch, a distance switch here. I also have an e stop here. Various devices. If I have a trip, okay, and if this was a real machine in a facility, I’d have a light stack and I’d have a light flashing. You would come up to the machine saying, which device tripped? I don’t know. You can look at the HMI and either have a graphical display of the machine itself or a table. Okay? It would show all the devices and it would have an indicator of which one it is. So you’d come to the machine, you say, oh, I see what it was. It was that door switch. I close the door and then I have to reset it. Okay? A safety system requires a manual reset. You just don’t close the door, the machine starts up automatically like that. Okay? And then I did a reset, and then I also did a machine start. And now And my CNC is back up and running. Shawn Tierney (Host): That’s excellent. That is excellent. So you’re more than just safety PLCs. Michael Warren (Wieland): That’s right. No. We do the safety PLCs. We do the light curtains. We do all these door switches. We have three grades of door switches here. The simplest technology is standard key, door interlock. Okay? Yep. And a standard, fork, key interlock. The switch goes on the frame. The key goes on the door. Open the door, key comes out and it indicates to the system that there’s an intrusion. Now in addition to that, those are contact switches. Okay? We have this version here. We have a secondary version that’s a little bit bigger that has a solver in it, and there’s a locking, guard locking. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. K? Therefore, if I have an application where I want to go into the cell, but the cell presents a hazard and the hazard has to either cool off or there has to be a a coast down period, say 60 or whatnot, A timer is used inside the controller and once sixty seconds elapse, it sends a signal of the solenoid to release the door lock and allow you to go into the cell. Okay? Keep it. And then there’s other applications where non contact is preferred. And we have two versions of non contact here. Okay? One is a coated magnetic. Okay? There are several codes available, and so you can’t take another, magnet and fake it out. Shawn Tierney (Host): Big thing. Right? It has to be coded. Yeah. Michael Warren (Wieland): Bypassing. Yeah. Bad bad word in the safety world. I get calls. People say, hey. I have door interlocks. I keep finding the keys in there, but they’re not attached to the, to the door anymore. And I said, okay. And we can improve the robustness of the safety system by switching out keyed interlocks to a coated magnetic switch. And these coated magnetic switches do not work with refrigerator magnets. Okay? It takes a coated actuator to actually close this. But, people that have a lot of these can find another matching actuator and fake these out. And we’ll get a call. Mike, I’m getting my magnetic switches being bypassed. What can we do? The next level of technology up is RFID. Oh. Okay? RFID is high coded. Okay? High coded. And and if you high coded means that you have a thousand or more codes. And if you have a thousand more codes, nobody is gonna find another matching actuator to fake out the switch and try to bypass it. Shawn Tierney (Host): When you buy it, do you get it just random from the shelf or Michael Warren (Wieland): You get it initially random and then there’s a sequence where you, cycle the power to do and change the codes. Oh, okay. So you can actually get multiple codes. Okay? Okay. That and again, so we start out with the basic technology. The next step up is magnetic, and the highest level technology is RFID for door switches. Okay? So, and let me see. Now in addition to all of this, okay, you’re gonna notice that, I have Shawn Tierney (Host): Turn the speed down. So Michael Warren (Wieland): Oh. Oh. I went I went back. Sorry. Reverse the direction. That’s okay. Or we coulda we coulda just, put our hand in the light curtain or whatnot. Oh, yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. But, in addition to the products, the safety products and the HMIs, we sell power supplies. Okay. Okay. So, yeah, we have our own power supplies. As a matter of fact, I always advocate people that when they have a safety system is to have a dedicated power supply. Yes. They’re not really expensive and for the peace of mind. Okay? And for the robustness and integrity of the safety system is to have a separate power supply running the safety system alone as opposed to sharing it from some other things. Okay? Yeah. You don’t have to worry about spikes in the system. You don’t have to worry about, in rush currents or whatnot. And, again, it’s dedicated and it won’t interfere with the functions of the safety because let’s face it, you’re trying to maintain, say PLD or PLE safety system. And, the the best thing that you could do is, it make the power supply independent. Okay? It makes the safety system robust and safer. Okay? You always have an eye towards making, the application as safe as possible. Now, in addition to, the HMIs, the power supplies in here, just within the system here, some of the other products that Whelan offers are distributed power systems. Okay? And as I mentioned in the beginning, Whelan is famous for their terminal blocks. Yes. Okay? And again, our catalog is full of, industrial automation, pieces. We really try to a bridge, from device to device in the automation world, all these filler, and detail type products, gateway switches. We have managed and unmanaged switches too, by the way. Okay? Oh, Shawn Tierney (Host): Yes. You have switches as well. Michael Warren (Wieland): We do. We do. I invite you to, take a look at our website, wheelen,uh,-electric,uh,.com. And, it has a lot of good information, and you’ll see the full catalog of information. Today, really, we were just kinda covering, safety, but it’s really the tip of the iceberg of the, Wheeling portfolio. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And we will conclude not only an end of show slide here so you can see all the important stuff. We’ll also include all these links in the description. So wherever you’re watching, you’ll have links to everything we’re talking about so you don’t have to go and hunt it down and, like, you know, how do I spell wheel end? And all the links are there. We’ll put the slide up on the screen as well so you guys can see all that good information. And, Mike, with that, was there anything else we wanted to cover today? Michael Warren (Wieland): I think we covered it, pretty thoroughly. I wanted to make sure that, I showed you the software because, you know, a lot of manufacturers, create the box and a little the little safety PLC. And, quite honestly, the the magic of the PLC itself isn’t the hardware, isn’t the 45 millimeters resin case itself. It’s the actual software. How easy to use, how comprehensive it is, what information it’ll do for you. Okay? And again, we showed that we have a, workspace, drag and drop, library, pull the devices in. We have motion, we have presses, we have combustion technology, muting. We have a lot of different libraries, function blocks, certified function blocks to drag into the workspace. It creates the report. And, basically, again, it just shows you, the creation of your system short of hardware. Of course, when you hook up your hardware, you do a synchronization. Okay? And now you can make your tweaks. You may find that your virtual system was better than the hardware list that you created, and you may want to upgrade that at some point. Okay? The nice thing about a controller is it’s infinitely repurposable. Okay? You program it one way, one day, and if you add another device, that’s not a problem. That’s easy to go in the software, add another device. Okay? I subtract a device, change out devices, whatnot. It’s easy enough to use. So, yes. Again, the Samos controller, is a leading product for us in the safety, product portfolio for Wieland. And, again, we lead off with, our our software, the Samos plan software. Shawn Tierney (Host): Yeah. And I appreciate it. Just that short demo you did really helps. Like, I feel like I could get in there and start doing stuff. You know, when you open something up for the first time, if you’ve never seen a demo of it, it can be like deer in the headlights type of and I’ve been there many times myself. So thank you for not only talking to us about the hardware, talking to us about your company, but also giving us that software demo as well. And I wanna thank you for coming out and driving all the way out here, three hours to get out here to do an in live. He doesn’t Mike doesn’t know this. He’s the first one to come and do a live. I had to clean up all last night. The place was so messy, but he was actually the first vendor to come out and do a live, and I really enjoyed having him here, medium, and the preshow and, and whatnot. But I also wanna thank Wheelan for sponsoring this episode so there’ll be no ads on it. Didn’t you guys enjoy having no ads during the episode? We don’t make a lot of money from those ads. It’s pennies. So thank you to please tell your, people to thank you very much for sponsoring this episode so we can bring all this information to the audience without any nasty ads. And with that, any final words? Michael Warren (Wieland): No. No. Thank you, Sean, for having me. Appreciate your hospitality, and, you did a great cleanup job here. It looks wonderful here. And it’s a it’s a great, for, format here for us to, show off our product here. Shawn Tierney (Host): Well, thank you, Michael. I hope you come back sometime. Michael Warren (Wieland): I’m looking forward to it. Thank you. Vendors: Would you like your product featured on the Show, Podcast, and Blog? If you would, please contact me at: https://theautomationblog.com/contact Until next time, Peace ✌️  If you enjoyed this content, please give it a Like, and consider Sharing a link to it as that is the best way for us to grow our audience, which in turn allows us to produce more content

Luca Gianotti"Arriva dove non puoi"La traversata di Creta a piediEdiciclo Editorewww.ediciclo.itC'è tutta Creta, attraversata da Est a Ovest lungo un sentiero di una straripante bellezza, di indicibile suggestione. Ci sono montagne che sembrano toccare il cielo e squarci di azzurro giù in basso. Ci sono chiese e monasteri di un altro cristianesimo, fatto di liturgie e vicende che non sono le nostre, ma con le nostre intimamente intrecciate. C'è l'Oriente e c'è l'Occidente, in mezzo al Mediterraneo. C'è l'odore della salsedine che si mescola ai molteplici odori della macchia mediterranea. Ci sono i paesi e i villaggi dove la gente sa ancora trattare il viandante come un ospite e accoglierlo con generosità. Ci sono gli incontri di un camminatore che come sa abitare con agio la sua solitudine così sa aprirsi, ricevere, restituire. Un viaggio profondo, a passo rigorosamente lento, che si fa sfida interiore.Luca Gianotti, e nato nel 1961 a Modena, laurea in filosofia, guida di trekking da una ventina d'anni, tra i fondatori della Compagnia dei Cammini, in passato fondatore dell'associazione La Boscaglia e suo presidente per più di un decennio. È stato scialpinista con all'attivo alcune spedizioni alpinistiche importanti tra le quali la traversata del Vatnajokull (Islanda), il più grande ghiacciaio del mondo, e la salita al Khan Tengri (7010 m) in Thien Shan (confine Kazakistan/Kirghizistan). Tra le sue imprese anche la traversata del deserto del Sahara algerino in mountain bike. Camminatore in tante parti del mondo, dalla Patagonia alla Thailandia, dall'Albania a Capoverde, da Socotra (Yemen) alla Norvegia, anche se ha sempre privilegiato i cammini mediterranei, Grecia, Turchia, Italia del Sud e isole. In Italia ha creato alcuni trekking tra cui il Sentiero Spallanzani nell'Appennino reggiano, di cui ha pubblicato la guida. Accompagna gruppi in Sardegna, Creta, Capo Verde, Majella, Pollino, Murge, Corsica, Gargano, Samos. Si dedica all'approfondimento dei temi del camminare come terapia, e tiene corsi di camminate meditative. Il suo progetto su questo argomento è il Cammino Profondo, o Deep Walking. Gestisce un agriturismo in Abruzzo, dove organizza trekking con gli asini, il primo in Italia con la formula francese del trekking in autonomia, senza guida. Ultimo suo progetto realizzato è il CamminaCreta, la traversata di quest'isola per 500 km, per valorizzare un sentiero che può diventare cammino europeo. Pubblica una newsletter quindicinale (“Il Cammino”) con migliaia di lettori.IL POSTO DELLE PAROLEascoltare fa pensarewww.ilpostodelleparole.itDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/il-posto-delle-parole--1487855/support.

This week, we're off to the Greek Islands with chef and food historian, Carolina Doriti for a deeper dive into the stories of Greece through its food. Taking the tourist to see the traditions, the artisans and the produce of our favourite holiday islands, says Carolina, helps to connect them more with the food and the people, an essential element of sustainable travel. As she takes us through four food moments from four of her favourite islands, we learn about how to slow-cook chicken in a tserepa, why to pair Samos wine with poached peaches and how to transform rusks with lemon leaves.Head over to Gilly's Substack for a recipe from the book and for Extra Bites of Carolina. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Podržite nas na Patreonu ➡️ https://www.patreon.com/c/HistoryCast Istoričari Nikola Đukić i Ivan Drljača vode vas pravo u srce jednog od najdramatičnijih sukoba antičke Grčke - Peloponeski rat. Ali ovo nije samo priča o Atini i Sparti. Ovo je mozaik krvavih savezništava, lomova među polisima i taktičkih brilijantnosti koje su oblikovale sudbinu Helade. Zašto su Megara i Korint bile više od običnih gradova saveznika? Kako su Beotija, Fokida i Eubeja menjale tok istorije, ne samo kao geografski prostori već kao ključne tačke političkog nadmudrivanja i vojnih pohoda? Zašto je mala luka Naupakt postala trn u oku Peloponežanima? I kako je ostrvo Samos prešlo iz periferije u samo središte grčkog rata?

Explore the enduring allure of giants in human history and mythology. From Greek Titans and Norse Jotunn to biblical Nephilim, we uncover their ties to real-world locations like Samos, the Levant, and the Deccan Plateau, where fossils and megalithic structures may have inspired these tales. Delve into the science of human gigantism, examining cases like Robert Wadlow, and investigate how misidentified dinosaur and megafauna fossils shaped ancient stories. We also debunk infamous hoaxes like the Cardiff Giant, revealing the psychology behind these fabrications. Blending mythology, biology, paleontology, and archaeology, this episode reveals why giants continue to captivate us.

The universe follows a set of rules – the laws of physics. Those laws govern everything from the vibrations of the strings on a cello to the motions of the stars and planets. In fact, for centuries it was thought that the stars and planets must produce their own heavenly music – the music of the spheres. The idea was first proposed about 2500 years ago, by Pythagoras of Samos. The Greek philosopher studied the music produced by a lyre – a small, handheld harp. Its tones were produced by the vibrations of the strings. He found a mathematical relationship between the tones and the length of the strings. Since the strings were vibrating, that meant they were moving. Pythagoras then suggested that everything that moves produces its own vibrations – its own music. And that included the heavens. At the time, the leading view of the universe said it consisted of a series of spheres. The Sun, Moon, and known planets were embedded in their own spheres. The stars were in the outer sphere. As the spheres moved, Pythagoras said they should produce musical notes. The relationships between the spheres determined the specific notes. Taken together, they should produce a beautiful cosmic harmony. Over the centuries, some thought the music was real. Others thought of it as more symbolic – an indication that the universe was in harmony – a different way to “hear” the music of the spheres. Script by Damond Benningfield

Send us a textActs 20:13-16But going ahead to the ship, we set sail for Assos, intending to take Paul aboard there, for so he had arranged, intending himself to go by land. And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and went to Mitylene. And sailing from there we came the following day opposite Chios; the next day we touched at Samos; and the day after that we went to Miletus. For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus, so that he might not have to spend time in Asia, for he was hastening to be at Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.Support the show

Chandra Kurt, Myriam Zumbühl, Florian Egli and Tyler Brûlé on the week’s news. Plus: Josh Fehnert in London, Emma Nelson in Arcachon, Hannah Lucinda Smith in Samos and Christoph Amend from ‘Die Zeit’.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Church Expands G'day and welcome to Partake! We are now on day 29 of our series "Glimpses", looking at the story of the Bible in 30 days - from the time of creation through to the time of the fullness of redemption! We saw last time Jesus making a sudden reappearance which resulted in the conversion of one of the main persecutors of the church - Saul, who later changed his name to Paul. We saw also a problem to be solved, it was done so judiciously and it was decided that salvation was by grace alone through Jesus' death on the cross and through the Holy Spirit alone. The church had begun to spread throughout the Roman Empire from its birthplace in Jerusalem. Remember back to the day of Pentecost and the Holy Spirit first came? The people there had gone back to their own countries and cities: places such as : Egypt, Arabia, Libya, Italy, Greece, Judea, Elam, Media, Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, Pontus, Pamphylia, Phrygia, Asia, Crete, Cyrene and Crete, parts of the Parthian Empire and of course even the headquarters of the Roman Empire, Rome! As far as we know, from the Bible record, the most effective missionary was Paul, and that's because most of what we call the New Testament consists of letters written by him. Here are the places he and his various teams of people visited on what we call his missionary journeys. You can read about them in the book of Acts. Paul's First Missionary Journey The first journey was to places such as: Antioch (Acts 13:4), Seleucia and sailed to Cyprus. From there they went to Salamis and Paphos (Acts 13:4-6). Then onwards to Perga in Pamphylia, which is now southern Turkey. At Antioch in Pisidia, Paul deliberately plans to take the gospel to the Gentiles (Acts 13:46). Then Iconium (Acts 14:3), Lystra (Acts 14:19), and Derbe. Where they went back to Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch (in Pisidia) (Acts 14:21), before going throughout Pisidia, Pamphylia, then to Perga, Attalia, and returning to Antioch in Syria (Acts 14:24-26). Paul's Second Missionary Journey The second journey begins, Paul goes through Syria and Cilicia (now southeastern Turkey), coming to Derbe and Lystra, and then onto Phrygia and Galatia, before passing through Mysia to Troas, the island of Samothracia, and then to Neapolis in Macedonia (now northern Greece) and Philippi (Acts 16:14-34). Passing through Amphipolis and Appolonia, they came to Thessalonica. After teaching in Berea, Paul departed into Achaia (now southern Greece), to Athens (Acts 17:14-15). Then Paul then makes his first visit to Corinth (Acts 18:5)! Paul leaves Corinth to go to Cenchrea and then across to Ephesus and Caesarea, before finishing up in Antioch in Syria. Paul's Third Missionary Journey Paul's third journey begins in Galatia (central region of Turkey) and then to Phrygia (Acts 18:23) before arriving in Ephesus where he stayed for 3 years (Acts 20:31). Paul then went to Troas and continued to Macedonia (2 Corinthians 2:12-13 and 7:5). After going through Macedonia (northern Greece), Paul came to Achaia (southern Greece) (Acts 20:2-3), makes a third visit to Corinth before headed back to Macedonia (Acts 20:1) and onto Philippi (Acts 20:6). Following this, Paul went to Troas, Assos, Mitylene, Chios, Samos, Trogylium, Miletus (now in southwestern Turkey), Coos, Rhodes, Patara, Tyre (in Lebanon), Ptolemais and to Caesarea before finishing back in Jerusalem. Paul's final journey Paul in Jerusalem, is beaten by the Jewish authorities (Acts 22) and taken to trial before them. Many Jews wanted to kill him (Acts 23:12) for his service to Jesus Christ. Paul is taken before the Roman Governor Felix at Caesarea (Acts 24:10) and when the reign of Portius Felix begins, Paul appeals to Caesar in Rome! Paul was a Roman citizen, he was innocent of the crimes bought against him and it was his right to appeal to the Roman emperor! So He did and Paul's final journey starts in Acts 25:11. The boat sails to Sidon, Myra (now southern Turkey) and on to Crete (Acts 27:7-13), Melita, near Sicily, Syracuse, Rhegium (southern tip of Italy), then to Puteoli (on the western coast of Italy). Finally, Paul ends up in Rome (Acts 28:30)! During all these journeys, Paul has endured persecution, beatings, stonings, whippings, imprisonment, mock trials and shipwrecks! In 2 Corinthians 11 you can read all that Paul endured and he sums it up 2 Corinthians 12:10 "That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong." Paul was an amazing man! Issues in the Churches of the Bible Lets look now at some of the issues of the churches at that time, and we see this best by looking very briefly at some of the letters of the New Testament, written by Paul, Peter, John, James and Jude. Romans: Paul's letter to the church in Rome presents God's plan of salvation, which sees it extended to all of humanity based solely on Jesus Christ' work on the cross and received by an individual's faith in Him alone. 1 Corinthians: At Corinth, the church was an established church, taught by Paul, yet they were not living he had taught by him. Members of the church were living improper lives and Paul wrote to correct them, with the love of a pastoral heart. 2 Corinthians: here due to people doubting his integrity and authority, Paul presents his authority, message, sufferings, disappointments, responsibilities, blessings, and hope. Ephesians: Paul discusses the position of Christian believers before God - that they are now children of God! He then goes on to discuss the daily function of the Christian, including living a life worthy of Jesus Christ, supremely by serving others. 1 Thessalonians: Paul is unable to revisit this new group of believers who are under attack and persecution. He commences with some personal reflections and continues on to teach, stabilize, console and to encourage them in their Christian walk. 2 Thessalonians: The Thessalonian church is still enduring persecution. Central to this letter is Paul's concern for them regarding the coming again of the Lord, where some believed it had already occurred. 1 Timothy: Paul the apostle delegates authority to Timothy, his personal representative in Ephesus. His instructions include Timothy's life and ministry as an apostolic representative and about the organization, function, and edification of the church. This includes countering all kinds of false teaching about Jesus the Christ. James: James writes to scattered and leaderless Jewish believers who still met at a synagogue and were enduring hardship. James urges them to keep going and develop an active working faith that is actively working and to live a morally and ethically correct life. 1 Peter: Peter writes to believers undergoing suffering & persecution. He instructs them toward Christian stability, and the proper expression of this stability and growth. Peter stresses a hope that is alive, glorious and certain, and because of that can endure persecution and suffering. 2 Peter: Peter is dying as he writes this letter to a group of believers who are enduring trials and being confronted with false teachers. He also clarifies teaching about the Last Days. 1 John: John writes about fellowship which comes through obedience to the Word of God and through confession of sin when sin is committed. John also writes to tackle false Gnostic teachers who were challenging the teachings of Jesus' apostles. Jude: Jude writes warning against apostasy, which is giving up and abandoning a belief in Jesus and going back to old ways. . He urges his readers to recognize the problem and fight for the faith. Through these letters of the New Testament, we see the early church dealing with issues of doctrine and teaching, countering false teachings about salvation and Jesus' return, warning against apostasy and encouraging wholesome living and service as believers in Jesus Christ. The church has grown and spread throughout most of the known world in obedience to Jesus' last command to go to all nations. This growth of the church is the greatest evidence of Jesus' bodily resurrection from the dead. His resurrection was the catalyst to turn 11 frightened men, his disciples, into the leaders of the early church. But Jesus also promised that He would come back again and that's what we will look at next time, in our final part of Glimpses! Thank you. Original Maps found at http://www.generationword.com/ Tap or click here to download as a MP3 audio file

In dieser Folge spricht Duri Bonin, Strafverteidiger in Zürich, mit Lea Hungerbühler – Richterin, Anwältin, Präsidentin von AsyLex, Harvard-Absolventin und aktuell Dissertierende. Ausgehend von einer leeren Bar entfaltet sich ein offenes Gespräch über juristische Biografien, politische Verantwortung und gesellschaftliches Engagement. Lea erzählt, wie sie bereits während ihres Substituts zur nebenamtlichen Richterin in Basel-Landschaft gewählt wurde. Sie spricht über ihre ersten Erfahrungen mit 24 Jahren auf der Richterbank, über Zweifel, Unterstützung – und über das Gefühl, plötzlich Recht zu sprechen. Gleichzeitig war für sie immer klar, dass sie auch Anwältin sein wollte. Der Einstieg erfolgte über ein Praktikum bei Lenz & Staehelin, später arbeitete sie beim Staatssekretariat für internationale Finanzfragen und in einer internationalen Wirtschaftskanzlei. Dazwischen absolvierte sie einen LL.M. an der Harvard Law School, der sich als inhaltlich wie persönlich prägend erwies. Und dann: ein Erlebnis in Australien – eine bewusstlose Frau am Strand, Hilflosigkeit, ein Moment der Infragestellung. Die Folge: Kündigung, ein Aufenthalt im Flüchtlingslager auf Samos, und die Erkenntnis, dass man am meisten bewirken kann, wo man das Recht kennt. So entstand AsyLex – ein Verein für unentgeltliche Rechtsvertretung im Asylbereich, der inzwischen schweizweit tätig ist. Lea spricht offen über die strukturellen Missstände im Asylsystem: fehlende legale Fluchtwege, extrem kurze Fristen, fragwürdige Übersetzungen, fehlender Zugang zum Recht. Sie benennt, was es bräuchte – und zeigt, dass Recht nicht nur ein System ist, sondern eine Haltung. Ein Gespräch über Verantwortung, Überzeugung und den Willen, mit dem eigenen Wissen etwas zu bewirken. Lea Hungerbühler zeigt, dass juristisches Engagement nicht bei der Theorie aufhört – und dass man vieles zugleich sein kann. Für alle, die wissen wollen, wie juristische Praxis und gesellschaftliches Engagement zusammengehen – und was Recht bewirken kann, wenn man es ernst nimmt. Die Podcasts "Auf dem Weg als Anwält:in" sind unter https://www.duribonin.ch/podcast/ oder auf allen üblichen Plattformen zu hören

Acts 20:1-16 English Standard VersionPaul in Macedonia and Greece20 After the uproar ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging them, he said farewell and departed for Macedonia. 2 When he had gone through those regions and had given them much encouragement, he came to Greece. 3 There he spent three months, and when a plot was made against him by the Jews as he was about to set sail for Syria, he decided to return through Macedonia. 4 Sopater the Berean, son of Pyrrhus, accompanied him; and of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and Timothy; and the Asians, Tychicus and Trophimus. 5 These went on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas, 6 but we sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and in five days we came to them at Troas, where we stayed for seven days.Eutychus Raised from the Dead7 On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul talked with them, intending to depart on the next day, and he prolonged his speech until midnight. 8 There were many lamps in the upper room where we were gathered. 9 And a young man named Eutychus, sitting at the window, sank into a deep sleep as Paul talked still longer. And being overcome by sleep, he fell down from the third story and was taken up dead. 10 But Paul went down and bent over him, and taking him in his arms, said, “Do not be alarmed, for his life is in him.” 11 And when Paul had gone up and had broken bread and eaten, he conversed with them a long while, until daybreak, and so departed. 12 And they took the youth away alive, and were not a little comforted.13 But going ahead to the ship, we set sail for Assos, intending to take Paul aboard there, for so he had arranged, intending himself to go by land. 14 And when he met us at Assos, we took him on board and went to Mitylene. 15 And sailing from there we came the following day opposite Chios; the next day we touched at Samos; and the day after that we went to Miletus. 16 For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus, so that he might not have to spend time in Asia, for he was hastening to be at Jerusalem, if possible, on the day of Pentecost.English Standard Version (ESV)The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Text Edition: 2016. Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. 

This week on the Greece Chats Podcast I'm joined once again by Nikitas Tsoukales as we dive into the Coldplay controversy and the global reaction it sparked. We talk about the disappearing act of Greeks in America during peak vacation season. Paros was named Best Island in Europe by Travel and Leisure, sparking a debate between Tony and Nikitas. A heatwave hits Greece, Michael Jordan hosts the Board of Greatness event with NBA stars, and the Hellinikon Tower reaches its halfway mark. Kansas City Chiefs star George Karlaftis signs a major contract extension, and we discuss whether Greece is becoming culturally homogenous compared to the 90s and 2000s. And we're still waiting on Kyriakos Mitsotakis to confirm if you've been to Samos.

Oktober 2024, Mittelmeer: Arno Tanner und die Crew von Sea Eye retten 22 Menschen vor dem Ertrinken – ein unbekanntes Schiff hatte die Flüchtenden über Bord geworfen. Im Gespräch mit Mattea erzählt der St. Galler, wie private Seenotrettungsorganisationen arbeiten, warum trotz ihres Einsatzes allein dieses Jahr Hunderte bei der Flucht über das Mittelmeer gestorben sind und weshalb genau diese Reduktion auf Zahlen so gefährlich ist.((01:12)) Die ersten Einsätze((08:16)) Frust, Freundschaft und Abgrenzung((17:52)) An Bord eines Rettungsschiffes((31:10)) Eine beängstigende Entwicklung((38:42)) Was politisch passieren muss((42:14)) Mit oder ohne Europa?((49:11)) Abreise nach Samos

At the 6th Maritime Archaeology Graduate Symposium (MAGS) held in Ioannina, Greece, Professor Lucy Blue spoke with Radomír Tichý from the University of Hradec Králové, Max Šámal (Charles University of Prague) and Aleš Panáček (Archaeopark Všestary) about a series of expeditions called “Monoxylon”. Hear how a team of Czech experimental archaeologists successfully reconstructed and navigated a replica of an 8,000-year-old Neolithic logboat discovered with five other boats at La Marmotta, a submerged lakeshore settlement beneath Lake Bracciano near Rome. Based on the largest, made from an oak trunk measuring over 10 metres in length, it featured transverse reinforcements for hull stability.  Additional objects discovered suggest the use of sails and the presence of obsidian tools from Milos, support the idea that these boats facilitated long distance trade and travel.  The series of expeditions tested the seaworthiness of these ancient designs. Monoxylon IV was paddled by twenty-one crewmembers over 500 kilometres across the Aegean from the island of Samos to the Peloponnese demonstrating that Neolithic communities possessed not only the craftsmanship to fashion such sophisticated vessels, but also the navigational skills to undertake such maritime journeys. The voyages provided practical insights into early human migration, trade routes, and the spread of agricultural practices across the Mediterranean with a profound human story at the heart.  For more information on this project visit the website (https://www.monoxylon.cz/en/), watch the teaser trailer for the upcoming documentary movie (https://youtu.be/6FkAuzf759U?feature=shared) and visit the project YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/…524)

Clare walks with Reverend Maggie McLean today on a stretch of the Camino de Santiago, the world famous pilgrimage route that concludes at Santiago de Compostela's glorious Cathedral in northern Spain. The Camino can be completed in numerous ways, with one of the most popular routes being the French Way otherwise known as the Francés. It begins in the French town of St. Jean Pied de Port and ends 790km/490miles later in Santiago. Maggie is trekking part of this route and Clare joins her at Triacastela to hear her story as they make their way to the Benedictine Monastery at Samos, which is about 150km from Santiago itself. Maggie is a lifelong keen walker, and was one of the first women to be ordained in the Church of England. She works as a Canon at York Minster, and would like to see some kind of pilgrimage established there, so her time on the Camino is not just a spiritual journey, it's also a way of conducting some research. On their walk she tells Clare about her life and journey in faith, including working in homeless centres, probation hostels and a seafarers' mission in Australia. En route Clare and Maggie bumped into Arthur, a pilgrim who has spent several weeks every year for seven years on the Camino, which he started by walking out of his front door in Switzerland. Despite suffering cancer three times, and having one quarter of a lung removed, he still carries a 10kg backpack and never plans where he's going to stay overnight.Presenter: Clare Balding Producer: Karen Gregor

Classics educator and enthusiast Ben Jackson joins Emile Donovan for a virtual holiday to some of ancient Greece's island city states: Delos, Rhodes, Lesbos and Samos.

13 We went on ahead to the ship and sailed for Assos, where we were going to take Paul aboard. He had made this arrangement because he was going there on foot. 14 When he met us at Assos, we took him aboard and went on to Mitylene. 15 The next day we set sail from there and arrived off Chios. The day after that we crossed over to Samos, and on the following day arrived at Miletus. 16 Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus to avoid spending time in the province of Asia, for he was in a hurry to reach Jerusalem, if possible, by the day of Pentecost.

Caste census announcement is probably one of the biggest policy interventions in independent India-- now that the fog of war is lifting, the incredibly talented Sumit Samos breaks it down for us. Also breaking a few savarna academic egos along the way for fun.PS. Apologies for the bad network & technical difficulties. This show has no budget for better production levels.--------------------Link to Sumit & Arjun's article on Caste Census in The Print (mentioned in the episode): https://theprint.in/opinion/caste-enumeration-market-liberty-private-sector-reservations/2626120/

  «Regocíjense en el Señor siempre. Y otra vez les digo, ¡regocíjense!» (Filipenses 4:4) Hace años, decidí que viviría conforme a la Palabra de Dios. Le dije a Dios que en cuanto a mí se refería, Su Palabra era la que mandaba, y la confesaría el resto de mi vida sin importar lo que costara. Ésa ha sido la decisión más importante que he tomado. No mucho tiempo después, decidí que independientemente de lo que pasara, ya fuera que lo sintiera o no, caminaría en amor. Porque en la Biblia claramente dice que “la fe obra por el amor”. No funciona de ninguna otra manera. Ambas decisiones—caminar por fe en la Palabra de Dios y andar en amor—son las dos decisiones más importantes que yo he tomado en la vida. Sin embargo, hace poco, Dios me dijo que había algo que estaba dejando fuera: la fortaleza del gozo. Me dijo que no tenía el derecho de caminar por fe y en amor si estaba dejando al gozo latente en mi espíritu. Es demasiado importante.  A medida que me enseñaba al respecto, me di cuenta que el gozo es una parte esencial de la vida victoriosa. Sin el gozo, puedo vencer de vez en cuando, pero no podré mantener mi victoria. El triunfo se esfumaría rápidamente. El gozo es lo que te da la fuerza (Nehemías 8:10) para estar firme cuando se presentan las tormentas y las dificultades. El gozo te da la confianza de reírte en la cara del diablo cuando éste intenta desmoronar tu fe. El gozo te da la perseverancia que te llevará de victoria en victoria. Así que toma la decisión ante Dios de que caminarás, no sólo por fe y en amor, sino también con gozo. Regocíjate en el Señor siempre, ¡y no habrá nada que el diablo pueda hacer o decir para robarte tu victoria! Lectura bíblica: Samos 84:1-7   © 1997 – 2019 Eagle Mountain International Church Inc., también conocida como Ministerios Kenneth Copeland / Kenneth Copeland Ministries. Todos los derechos reservados.

Programa 5x138, amb Roger Coma. El del teorema? Doncs s

En nuestro anterior podcast grabado precisamente el 21 de abril, fecha en la que oficialmente murió el papa Francisco les empezamos a hablar de los constructores de números. No encontramos casual que el papa falleciese exactamente ese dia, ya que no es un día cualquiera. Es el Natalis Romae, el aniversario fundacional de Roma, ciudad que desde hace más de dos mil años ha sido el epicentro del poder político, religioso y simbólico de Occidente. Y precisamente hoy, en esta fecha cargada de ritual y resonancia, muere el Papa Francisco. En plena resurrección de Jesucristo, uno muere y el otro renace. ¿Casualidad? En este podcast, ya sabéis que no creemos en ellas. Hoy, en Buscadores de la Verdad, vamos a descifrar lo que muchos pasarán por alto: la profunda e inquietante importancia del número 8 en la vida, el legado y la muerte del Papa. Francisco fue el primer Papa jesuita, el primero procedente de América, el Papa de la Agenda 2030, de las vacunas, de la simplificación de los rituales. Un Papa atípico. Y, como veremos, un Papa marcado por el 8 desde el principio hasta el final. Nació un 17 de diciembre de 1936. Fallece un 21 de abril de 2025. 88 años y 125 días después. Un doble 8 y un 1+2+5 = 8. El símbolo del infinito. El equilibrio kármico. El reinicio del ciclo. Pero no acaba ahí: convertido en el octavo Papa enterrado en Santa María la Mayor, bajo un escudo papal alterado misteriosamente para exhibir una estrella de ocho puntas, su historia está plagada de estos guiños numéricos que parecen trazados por una mano invisible. En este episodio vamos a hablar de arquitectura oculta, de rituales milenarios, de cómo la elite que gobierna entre bambalinas utiliza los números y los símbolos como herramientas para construir la realidad. Y en este caso, el número 8 aparece como la clave de todo. Porque cuando entiendes el lenguaje oculto de los que mandan, sabes que todo está diseñado. Desde las fechas, hasta los funerales. Desde los escudos hasta los silencios del Vaticano. El 21 de abril, Roma celebra su nacimiento... y el Vaticano entierra a su Papa más simbólico. La era de Francisco se cierra en un ciclo perfecto, sellado con un 8. ¿Qué se abre ahora? ¿Qué nuevo paradigma se está gestando en la sombra? Prácticamente desde el principio de este podcast, en el UTP8 Universo fractal ya tratamos la importancia de los números y como estos crean la realidad que vivimos. Son, como dijimos en el anterior podcast, los ladrillos del universo. Leere unos pasajes de la tesina “Los conjuntos numéricos a través de la historia” de Veronica Valdez: “En el pasado la matemática fue considerada una ciencia relacionada directamente a las cantidades, en relación con las magnitudes (desde la geometria); a los números (desde la aritmética) o a la generalización de los dos (desde el álgebra). Las primeras nociones de número y la acción de contar datan de la prehistoria. La causa que originó el desarrollo de este conocimiento en el hombre primitivo fue su necesidad de proteger sus bienes, la adaptación a los ciclos que la madre naturaleza le imponía le aseguraban su alimentación. El hombre prehistórico plasmó los primeros indicios matemáticos en sus vasijas (dibujos geométricos) y sus primeros sistemas de cálculos se basaron en el uso de los dedos de las manos o la utilización del cuerpo, este método resulta evidente al ver que muchos de los sistemas de numeración son de base 5 o 10.” Fueron los egipcios en el tercer milenio antes de cristo los que desarrollan unas matemáticas más avanzadas llegando a plantear problemas complejos como el calculo de superficies, lo cual era vital para el reparto de la tierra fértil fecundada por las crecidas del Nilo. La tierra se movia y cambiaba ligeramente de aspecto y era imprescindible para que reinase el orden que dicho reparto fuera lo mas ajustado a derecho posible. Luego los romanos mejoraron hasta cierto aspecto el uso de jeroglíficos de los egipcios por simples letras. En ese momento se seguía utilizando todavía el sistema babilónico que consistía en escribir en tablillas de arcilla utilizando un palito en forma de cuña. Una cuña apuntaba hacia abajo y la otro hacia la izquierda. El problema consistia en que era un sistema con solo 60 números, lo cual limitaba mucho el calculo mental. Los babilonios utilizaban, eso si, la forma en que cada dígito tenia un valor disitinto dependiendo de la posición que ocupase. El primer sistema matematico que utilizo al mismo tiempo el principio posicional y el cero fue el sistema de los mayas. “En este sistema 1 kin (sol) representa un día, 20 kines forman un huinal. Como 20 huinales representan 400 días, lo cual es mucho mayor que la duración exacta del año (este sistema fue utilizado para cálculos astronómicos), los mayas llamaron tun a 18 huinales, o 360 días. Excepto por este nivel, el resto del sistema es vigesimal.” “No se tiene conocimiento con exactitud cómo surgió, pero se sabe que fue un sistema de numeración mejorado por los hindúes y los árabes lo llevaron a Europa. De esta forma a las cifras se las llamó árabes debido a su origen, de la misma manera que escribirlas de derecha a izquierda (unidad, decena, centena, etc.) Hacia el año 976 Gerberto Aurillac (futuro Papa) conoce las primeras cifras en España, que ya estaba influenciada por la cultura musulmana, pero su influencia fue limitada. En el siglo XII se conoce las primeras traducciones al latin de las obras de un matemático árabe al- Jwarizmi, de quien se conocen los términos algoritmo y guarismo; de esta forma las cifras árabes comienzan a introducirse en el círculo culto europeo. En el año 1202, Fibonacci publica el "Libro del ábaco" que acopía y amplia las cifras y los procedimientos de cálculo utilizados por los árabes. Durante este siglo se consolidó la aritmética decimal sobre todo en los concerniente a las actividades comerciales. Sin embargo el método árabe y sus ventajas para calcular debieron sortear varios inconvenientes por parte de los calculistas de la época que ante la amenaza de un nuevo método mucho más sencillo, que atentaba supuestamente a su fuente de trabajo, recurrieron a estrategias bajas como hacer correr el rumor que el sistema de cálculo árabe tan sencillo, debía tener algo de magia o un cierto poder demoníaco. Esta acusación fue astutamente utilizada en la época de la Inquisición. Recién a fines del siglo XVI con Montaigne comenzó a abrirse paso nuevamente el sistema de numeración árabe y finalmente se generalizó con la Revolución Francesa. A partir de dicho momento histórico se comenzó a utilizar al 10 como base del sistema métrico decimal.” Con todo este resumen vengo a comentar que el enorme poder de los números estaba en poquísimas manos hasta bien entrado siglo 16 y que para ese entonces muchos de los secretos y la simbología que escondían estos paso a ser solo aprendido en las sectas, en las logias y en las futuras universidades que estaban también creadas por los mismos. LA EDUCACION según Lord Bertrand Russell en su obra "La Perspectiva Científica", 1931, nos dice: "Los jesuitas proporcionan una clase de educación a los niños que han de ser hombres corrientes en el mundo, y otra distinta a áquellos que han de llegar a ser miembros de la Compañía de Jesús. De análoga manera, los gobernantes científicos proporcionarán un género de educación a los hombres y mujeres corrientes, y otro diferente a aquéllos que hayan de ser el poder científico. Los hombres y mujeres corrientes es de esperar que sean dóciles, diligentes, puntuales, de poco pensar y que se sientan satisfechos. Por otro lado, aquellos niños y niñas que estén destinados a ser miembros de la clase gobernante, recibirán una educación muy diferente. Serán seleccionados, algunos antes de nacer, otros durante los primeros tres años de vida, y unos pocos entre los tres y seis años. Toda la ciencia conocida se aplicará al desarrollo simultáneo de su inteligencia y de su voluntad. ….." Y es que para todos la ciencia ha sido creada supuestamente por científicos, ¿no? Uno de los parangones mundiales es la Royal Society fundada el 28 de noviembre de 1660 en Londres. Sus fundadores fueron un grupo de 12 científicos y pensadores, entre los que destacan Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins y William Petty. Lo que no nos cuentan es que el milenarismo y la cábala estaba en los orígenes de la Royal Society. Pero como escribió Boyle, los científicos, "sacerdotes de la naturaleza", habrían de adquirir, durante el milenio, "un conocimiento mucho mayor del que Adán pudo tener del maravilloso universo de Dios". Esta afirmación supone que, en la expectativa de Boyle, la ciencia permitiría alcanzar un estadio más avanzado que el presupuesto por la condición adánica, y acceder, en cierto modo, a la condición divina. Con palabras de la serpiente a Eva, ya había asegurado Bacon en la Nueva Atlántida que algún día los hombres serían como dioses, y ésta habría de ser, decía Lewis Mumford, "la meta final no declarada de la ciencia moderna”. (Noble 1999, pág 88). Dentro de la UNED (la universidad a distancia en España) podemos leer un texto titulado “LA ROYAL SOCIETY Y LA MASONERÍA” que dice asi: “La Royal Society se origina cuando doce hombres cultivados adoptaron la costumbre, poco después de 1640, de reunirse esporádicamente en Londres para conversar y discutir en la residencia de uno de ellos o bien en una taberna próxima al Gresham College. Al poco tiempo, bajo patrocinio del monarca, decidieron crear una asociación para el estudio de los mecanismos de la naturaleza. Para asegurarse de que los dogmas no fueran un obstáculo, desterraron de sus asambleas toda discusión de tintes religiosos y políticos. Y eso a pesar de que los doce fundadores diferían tanto en cuestiones políticas y religiosas, como en experiencia científica y rango social. Entre los nombres de los primeros miembros de la Royal Society se encuentran científicos que dieron nombre a sus descubrimientos; así, la Ley de Hooke, la Ley de Boyle, la construcción de Huygens, las leyes de Newton, el movimiento browniano, y esto sin contar a científicos de menor talla como Christopher Wren, John Eveyn, John Wilkins, Elias Ashmole, John Flamsteed o Edmund Halley. Sin embargo, los hombres que fundaron esta Sociedad no sólo fueron los primeros científicos, sino, al mismo tiempo, los últimos "magos". De hecho, Ashmole pertenecía a una sociedad de rosacruces y practicaba la astrología, Newton estudió y escribió acerca de los conceptos alquímicos de los rosacruces, y Hooke llevó a cabo experimentos con arañas y cuernos de unicornio.” Mucho antes John Dee, el asesor de la reina Isabel I de Inglaterra aunque no participó directamente en la creación de la Royal Society, su legado como defensor de las matemáticas, la navegación y el conocimiento empírico influyó en el ambiente intelectual que dio lugar a esta institución. Su reputación como "mago" y las acusaciones de nigromancia reflejan la percepción de sus prácticas herméticas y adivinatorias, que, aunque controvertidas, eran parte de su búsqueda de conocimiento universal. Recordemos que hoy dia podemos ver en el museo de Londres su piedra de obsidiana negra donde el mismo reconocía que veía a seres de otro mundo con los que decia comunicarse. Dee creo el alfabeto enoquiano, también conocido como el "lenguaje angélico" o "alfabeto mágico" desarrollado por Dee y su colaborador Edward Kelley durante sus sesiones de videncia (scrying) en la década de 1580. Mientras Isabel I valoraba a Dee como consejero (eligió la fecha de su coronación en 1559 basándose en sus cálculos astrológicos), otros lo veían como un charlatán peligroso. Su casa fue saqueada tras su partida a Europa en 1583, y bajo Jacobo I, enemigo de la brujería, Dee perdió ese trato de favor. Su imagen como "mago" inspiró personajes como Próspero en La Tempestad de Shakespeare y perduró en la cultura popular, como en la ópera de Damon Albarn o la canción de Iron Maiden “El Alquimista”. Termino esta entradilla con otro texto de Lord Bertrand Russell extraído de su obra, "El Impacto de la Ciencia en la Sociedad", 1951: "Aunque esta ciencia será estudiada con diligencia, deberá reservarse estrictamente a la clase gobernante. Al populacho no habrá de permitírsele saber cómo fueron generadas sus convicciones. Una vez perfeccionada la técnica, cada gobierno que haya estado a cargo de la educación por una generación, podrá controlar a sus sujetos de forma segura, sin la necesidad de recurrir a ejércitos ni policías. Actualmente, la población del mundo crece a razón de unos 58.000 individuos por día. La guerra, hasta ahora, no ha tenido un gran efecto en este crecimiento, que continuó a lo largo de cada una de las dos guerras mundiales... La guerra hasta la fecha ha sido decepcionante al respecto... pero quizás la guerra bacteriológica resultare más efectiva. Si una peste negra se propagare una vez en cada generación, los sobrevivientes podrían procrear libremente sin llenar al mundo demasiado... La situación seguramente sería poco placentera, pero, ¿qué importa?" ………………………………………………………………………………………. Imagina por un momento que entras en una antigua ciudad del sur de Italia, hace más de dos mil quinientos años. Calles de piedra, templos consagrados a dioses griegos... y una puerta. Una puerta modesta, sin adornos ostentosos, pero con una inscripción grabada con precisión geométrica: "No entre aquí quien no sepa geometría”. Estás ante la escuela de los pitagóricos, una de las sociedades más enigmáticas de la historia antigua. Fundada por Pitágoras de Samos, no era solo una escuela de matemáticas, como a veces se enseña en las aulas. Era una hermandad. Una especie de secta del conocimiento, donde los números eran algo más que herramientas: eran divinidades, principios cósmicos, claves para entender el alma del universo. Los pitagóricos creían que todo en la naturaleza —el movimiento de los astros, los ciclos vitales, incluso la música— respondía a proporciones numéricas. El número uno simbolizaba la unidad, el origen. El dos, la dualidad, lo femenino. El tres, la perfección. El cuatro, la justicia. Y el diez... el número perfecto, resultado de sumar 1+2+3+4. Un número sagrado. Este triángulo tiene cuatro filas y, si las cuentas todas, suma diez puntos. Ese número —el 10— era considerado el número perfecto por los pitagóricos, porque resultaba de la suma de los cuatro primeros números naturales: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 Pero esto no era solo una curiosidad matemática. Cada número tenía un significado simbólico y cosmológico: 1 representaba la unidad, el origen, el punto de partida de toda existencia. 2 simbolizaba la dualidad: luz y oscuridad, masculino y femenino, arriba y abajo. 3 era la tríada perfecta, el equilibrio entre los opuestos (principio muy común también en filosofías orientales). 4 simbolizaba la estabilidad, los cuatro elementos (tierra, agua, aire y fuego), las cuatro estaciones, los puntos cardinales. Así, la Tetraktys se convertía en un resumen místico del universo: todo lo que existe puede explicarse a través de esta progresión sagrada. No era un simple dibujo. Los pitagóricos juraban sobre la Tetraktys, como otros juran sobre la Biblia o una constitución. Su fórmula era: "Juro por el que entregó a nuestra alma la Tetraktys, fuente que contiene en sí la raíz y fuente de la eterna naturaleza." ¿Lo notas? No están hablando solo de matemáticas. Están hablando de la naturaleza eterna, de algo fundamental que estructura el cosmos. Este juramento era una especie de sacramento, una alianza con la armonía universal. Utilizaban símbolos que aún hoy reconocemos. La estrella pentagonal, también conocida como pentagrama, era para ellos un emblema de perfección y salud. Cada ángulo de la estrella formaba la razón áurea, ese número casi mágico que sigue apareciendo en la naturaleza, en la arquitectura, en el arte… y, para algunos, incluso en el diseño de logotipos de poderosas organizaciones contemporáneas. Y aquí es donde la cosa se pone interesante. Los pitagóricos dividían a sus miembros en dos categorías: los akusmáticos, que solo escuchaban y obedecían sin cuestionar, y los matemáticos, que accedían a las enseñanzas ocultas. Este modelo jerárquico, basado en el secreto y la iniciación progresiva, suena familiar. Muy familiar. ¿A qué otras organizaciones te recuerda? Algunas sociedades secretas modernas —como ciertas logias masónicas— han heredado no solo la estructura iniciática, sino también muchos símbolos y conceptos pitagóricos. La estrella de cinco puntas, el ojo que todo lo ve, el uso de números y proporciones sagradas, la idea de que el verdadero conocimiento no debe estar al alcance de todos, sino reservado para una élite que lo custodia. La Tetraktys no desapareció con la caída de los pitagóricos. Su simbolismo se filtró a través de corrientes esotéricas posteriores. Por ejemplo: En la Cábala judía, el Árbol de la Vida también parte de una estructura numérica y jerárquica del universo. En la masonería, aunque no se usa directamente la Tetraktys, la idea del triángulo sagrado, la progresión simbólica del número y la veneración de la geometría sagrada están muy presentes. En el hermetismo y el neoplatonismo, se reutiliza el simbolismo pitagórico para hablar de los planos de existencia, del alma y del conocimiento secreto. Incluso en el mundo moderno, algunos investigadores creen que ciertos símbolos corporativos y arquitectónicos siguen patrones de proporción y estructura que tienen su origen, directa o indirectamente, en la Tetraktys. La Tetraktys no era un dibujo bonito. Era una clave esotérica. Un mandala numérico. Una representación del orden invisible que rige el universo. Para los pitagóricos, entenderla era un paso hacia la iluminación intelectual y espiritual. Y ahora, volvamos a los números. Porque hay una historia que suele pasar desapercibida en los libros de texto... Se cuenta que los pitagóricos sabían más de lo que enseñaban. Por ejemplo, que ocultaron deliberadamente conceptos como los números negativos. ¿Por qué? Porque esos números, que hoy usamos sin pensar, eran perturbadores. ¿Cómo podía existir algo menos que nada? ¿Cómo explicar al pueblo llano la idea de restar una cantidad mayor a una menor y obtener un resultado real, aunque invisible? La respuesta fue simple: lo escondieron. Evitaron esas operaciones, redefinieron los problemas, o simplemente los consideraron imposibles. Para ellos, un universo perfecto no podía contener números "erróneos", "oscuros" o "negativos". Así de poderosa era su creencia en la armonía matemática del mundo. Y ahora piensa en esto: ¿cuántas cosas damos hoy por verdaderas sin entenderlas? ¿Cuántas ideas nos han sido negadas por parecer “imposibles”? La sombra de los pitagóricos es alargada. Y si miras con atención, quizá todavía la veas en las instituciones que dirigen el conocimiento, en los rituales simbólicos que acompañan actos de poder, o incluso… en las matemáticas que se enseñan en nuestras escuelas. Porque como decía otro sabio antiguo: la ignorancia no es falta de información, sino la imposición del silencio. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Los terrenos donde se construyó Washington, D.C., eran parte de una zona conocida como "Rome" (Roma) antes de que se estableciera la capital de Estados Unidos. Este nombre se debe a que, en el siglo XVII, un terrateniente llamado Francis Pope, quien era propietario de una parcela en la zona, nombró su propiedad "Rome" en un guiño humorístico a la ciudad de Roma, Italia, y al río Tíber, comparándolo con el río Anacostia o el Potomac. Incluso se dice que Pope se autoproclamó "Papa de Roma" en tono jocoso. Cuando se decidió construir la nueva capital federal en 1790, los terrenos de "Rome" fueron parte de las tierras cedidas por Maryland para crear el Distrito de Columbia. Sin embargo, el nombre "Rome" cayó en desuso con el desarrollo de la ciudad planificada por Pierre Charles L'Enfant y la adopción del nombre "Washington" en honor a George Washington. El hombre que recibió el encargo de diseñar la nueva capital de Estados Unidos en 1791 fue Pierre Charles L’Enfant, un arquitecto y urbanista nacido en Francia que había luchado en la Guerra de Independencia estadounidense junto a George Washington. Era un apasionado de la arquitectura monumental y tenía una visión muy clara: la ciudad debía ser una representación del nuevo orden del mundo. Aunque no hay registros definitivos que lo identifiquen como masón —al contrario que muchos de sus contemporáneos como George Washington, Benjamin Franklin o Thomas Jefferson—, su diseño está repleto de símbolos que son clave en la tradición masónica y pitagórica. Esto ha llevado a muchos estudiosos a pensar que, si no era miembro formal de la masonería, al menos estaba fuertemente influenciado por ella. Cuando observamos desde el aire (o en un plano detallado) el trazado urbano de Washington D.C., comienzan a aparecer formas geométricas muy específicas que nos indican el uso de la geometría sagrada en el plano de la ciudad: La estrella de cinco puntas Una de las figuras más debatidas del diseño de Washington es la estrella pentagonal (el pentagrama), que muchos dicen puede verse trazando líneas entre la Casa Blanca, el Capitolio, y varios otros puntos clave como el Washington Monument y el Jefferson Memorial. El pentagrama es un símbolo ancestral que los pitagóricos veneraban como representación del equilibrio, la salud y la proporción áurea. Los masones lo heredaron y lo usan como símbolo del hombre perfecto, microcosmos del universo. La escuadra y el compás Estos dos instrumentos, esenciales en la arquitectura, son símbolos masónicos por excelencia. La escuadra representa la rectitud moral y el compás, los límites que uno debe imponer a sus pasiones. En el plano de Washington, las avenidas diagonales que cruzan la cuadrícula ortogonal tradicional parecen estar trazadas con escuadra y compás. Por ejemplo, Pensylvania Avenue y Maryland Avenue se cruzan formando ángulos casi rituales, como si fuesen dibujadas con instrumentos de aprendiz de logia. El triángulo y la Tetraktys Al unir algunos de los puntos clave de la ciudad se forman triángulos equiláteros y escaleno, que recuerdan tanto a la Tetraktys pitagórica como al Delta radiante masónico, el triángulo con el ojo que todo lo ve en su interior. Washington D.C. no fue construida al azar. Su disposición recuerda más a la de un templo iniciático que a la de una ciudad práctica. Cada monumento, cada calle y cada eje visual parece tener una función simbólica. La ciudad se convierte así en un espacio ritualizado, diseñado para canalizar no solo el poder político, sino el espiritual. Esto concuerda con la visión de muchos de los Padres Fundadores, que eran masones y creían en una forma de deísmo ilustrado, donde Dios no era el dios de una religión concreta, sino el Gran Arquitecto del Universo, la divinidad racional que había creado el cosmos a través de leyes matemáticas y geométricas. Hay quienes consideran todas estas conexiones como meras coincidencias. Pero otros —historiadores, ocultistas, arquitectos, e incluso funcionarios del propio Capitolio— han reconocido que la influencia masónica en el diseño de Washington D.C. no puede negarse. George Washington, masón de alto grado, puso la primera piedra del Capitolio en una ceremonia masónica el 18 de septiembre de 1793, vistiendo su delantal de logia. La colocación de monumentos, obeliscos (como el del Washington Monument) y referencias astrológicas refuerzan la idea de que la ciudad está alineada no solo con principios políticos, sino con principios cósmicos. Washington sigue siendo una ciudad codificada. Muchos de sus símbolos están a la vista, pero pocos los reconocen. El diseño original de L’Enfant fue alterado con el tiempo, sí, pero los patrones geométricos centrales permanecen. Y algunos sostienen que el espíritu de los antiguos pitagóricos, con su amor por los números sagrados y la geometría divina, vive hoy en las estructuras de poder moderno… solo que oculto entre calles, columnas y monumentos. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Bueno y me despido con algunas de mis ultimas Frases_UTP, ya saben, esas perlas que voy soltando de vez en cuando y que tienen agrupadas en Twitter bajo ese hastag: “Somos jockeys ocasionales de almas inmanentes, montando a galope los corceles efímeros de nuestra existencia terrenal, en un fugaz viaje donde el viento del tiempo susurra nuestra impermanencia y la tierra guarda el eco de nuestras huellas pasajeras." “Tanto el sabio como el ignorante pueden tomar malas decisiones, pero solo el ignorante no admite haberlas tomado.” “Si trabajas el presente nunca sentirás vergüenza por el pasado y te sentirás orgulloso en el futuro.” ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conductor del programa UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq Invitados Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP @ayec98_2 Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. soros triplehijueputa @soroshijueputa2 En contra de un sistema corrupto al servicio de la élite globalista …. José Antonio @jasava7 Mensajero de la Nueva Era. Librepensador y escritor. Ciudadano del Mundo. Derecho Natural. DDHH. Paz, equidad y fraternidad. Jinete en lucha por un Mundo Mejor. …. SirGalahad @Sirgalahad79 Mi honor se llama lealtad. …. LaJessi @LaJessibot Donde hay bromas hay verdades | Qué no te engañen la pena es la novia del pene #NoTeRaye #TweetStar Filósofa del barrio #CBD No me llames cani o #tekillyulabida …. Ernesto @Ernesto22596980 A mi me paga Putin EXPEDIENTE ROYUELA …. Luz Madeleine Munayco @lecabel8 ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: AYUDA A TRAVÉS DE LA COMPRA DE MIS LIBROS https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2024/11/16/ayuda-a-traves-de-la-compra-de-mis-libros/ UTP8 Universo fractal https://www.ivoox.com/utp8-universo-fractal-audios-mp3_rf_9991951_1.html El Papa y Roma… https://x.com/ElHiloRojoTV/status/1914235914999521647 Hilo sobre el papa https://x.com/tecn_preocupado/status/1914770003712467453 Féretro de papa Francisco como bandera de España https://x.com/ayec98_2/status/1915421017083711970 Capilla ardiente papa Francisco como sexo femenino https://x.com/ayec98_2/status/1915173455655215303 UTP268 Matematicas Vorticiales: Explorando el Tejido del Universo https://www.ivoox.com/utp268-matematicas-vorticiales-explorando-tejido-del-universo-audios-mp3_rf_121126662_1.html UTP272 Matemáticas Vorticiales: los vórtices de la vida https://www.ivoox.com/utp272-matematicas-vorticiales-vortices-vida-audios-mp3_rf_122197421_1.html ………………………………………………………………………………………. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros ………………………………………………………………………………………. Epílogo ÚRSULA - AGUA DE LIMÓN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKfs8GIorhc

Włodowo to niewielka wieś na Warmii, o której w 2005 roku usłyszała cała Polska. Po latach strachu i bezsilności wobec działań Józefa Ciechanowicza (Ciechanka) bracia Winkowie wzięli sprawy w swoje ręce i postanowili wymierzyć sprawiedliwość na własnych zasadach. Samosąd we Włodowie stał się inspiracją do stworzenia głośnego filmu "Lincz". Sprawa kryminalna rozwiązana.www.zmorderstwem.plWsparcie

Neste podcast: Clóvis de Barros apresenta o pensamento de Pitágoras de Samos, filósofo e matemático grego que viveu entre os séculos VI e V a.C.

AI-powered border enforcement, funded by the European Union, could become Europe’s new normal. From the “smart” Greece-Turkey border at Evros to Samos’s high-tech refugee camp, critics warn it’s a crackdown on migration that puts asylum rights at risk. In this episode: Giorgos Christides, Investigative Journalist Episode credits: This episode was produced by Marcos Bartolomé and Chloe K. Li, with Ashish Malhotra, Tamara Khandaker, Sarí el-Khalili, and our guest host, Kevin Hirten. It was edited by Alexandra Locke and Noor Wazwaz. Our sound designer is Alex Roldan. Our video editors are Hisham Abu Salah and Mohannad al-Melhem. Alexandra Locke is The Take’s executive producer. Ney Alvarez is Al Jazeera’s head of audio. Connect with us: @AJEPodcasts on Instagram, X, Facebook, Threads and YouTube

Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570–495 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, best known for founding Pythagoreanism and the Pythagorean theorem.   His teachings combined mathematics, mysticism, and philosophy, influencing Plato, Western thought, and early science.

Luca Gianotti"L'arte del camminare"Consigli per partire con il piede giustoEdiciclo Editorewww.ediciclo.itLa nuova edizione, riveduta e aggiornata, del primo manuale accessibile e divulgativo sul camminare scritto da uno dei maggiori esperti sull'argomento.Viaggiare camminando vuol dire entrare in contatto con la Terra, che calpestiamo passo dopo passo, e con la sua Natura a cui abbandonare i nostri sensi per farsi accogliere da Lei in un abbraccio ristoratore e rigenerante. E dunque abbracciare un albero, dormire sotto le stelle, ascoltare il silenzio, annusare e assaggiare le erbe incontrate, bagnarsi nei torrenti o nelle calette isolate dei mari mediterranei, ammirare il volo di un rapace, sono tutte emozioni che ci riempiono di energia. È un viaggiare a bassa velocità, e quindi è la forma di viaggio che consente maggiormente un approfondimento verticale dei luoghi attraversati. Il camminare si è evoluto in questi anni da attività sportiva e performante (arrivare sulla cima) a attività di vagabondaggio, spirituale, di crescita interiore. Il camminare sempre di più è un gesto rivoluzionario, controcorrente, ma anche un bisogno profondo che torna a galla. Di tutto questo vogliamo parlarvi, introducendovi a questa nobile arte.Luca GianottiÈ nato nel 1961 a Modena, laurea in filosofia, guida di trekking da una ventina d'anni, tra i fondatori della Compagnia dei Cammini, in passato fondatore dell'associazione La Boscaglia e suo presidente per più di un decennio. È stato scialpinista con all'attivo alcune spedizioni alpinistiche importanti tra le quali la traversata del Vatnajokull (Islanda), il più grande ghiacciaio del mondo, e la salita al Khan Tengri (7010 m) in Thien Shan (confine Kazakistan/Kirghizistan). Tra le sue imprese anche la traversata del deserto del Sahara algerino in mountain bike. Camminatore in tante parti del mondo, dalla Patagonia alla Thailandia, dall'Albania a Capoverde, da Socotra (Yemen) alla Norvegia, anche se ha sempre privilegiato i cammini mediterranei, Grecia, Turchia, Italia del Sud e isole. In Italia ha creato alcuni trekking tra cui il Sentiero Spallanzani nell'Appennino reggiano, di cui ha pubblicato la guida. Accompagna gruppi in Sardegna, Creta, Capo Verde, Majella, Pollino, Murge, Corsica, Gargano, Samos. Si dedica all'approfondimento dei temi del camminare come terapia, e tiene corsi di camminate meditative. Il suo progetto su questo argomento è il Cammino Profondo, o Deep Walking. Gestisce un agriturismo in Abruzzo, dove organizza trekking con gli asini, il primo in Italia con la formula francese del trekking in autonomia, senza guida. Ultimo suo progetto realizzato è il CamminaCreta, la traversata di quest'isola per 500 km, per valorizzare un sentiero che può diventare cammino europeo. Pubblica una newsletter quindicinale (“Il Cammino”) con migliaia di lettori.IL POSTO DELLE PAROLEascoltare fa pensarewww.ilpostodelleparole.itDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/il-posto-delle-parole--1487855/support.

Scripture Reading: Acts 20:1–27 20 After the disturbance had ended, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging them and saying farewell, he left to go to Macedonia. 2 After he had gone through those regions and spoken many words of encouragement to the believers there, he came to Greece, 3 where he stayed for three months. Because the Jews had made a plot against him as he was intending to sail for Syria, he decided to return through Macedonia. 4 Paul was accompanied by Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea, Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica, Gaius from Derbe, and Timothy, as well as Tychicus and Trophimus from the province of Asia. 5 These had gone on ahead and were waiting for us in Troas. 6 We sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and within five days we came to the others in Troas, where we stayed for seven days. 7 On the first day of the week, when we met to break bread, Paul began to speak to the people, and because he intended to leave the next day, he extended his message until midnight. 8 (Now there were many lamps in the upstairs room where we were meeting.) 9 A young man named Eutychus, who was sitting in the window, was sinking into a deep sleep while Paul continued to speak for a long time. Fast asleep, he fell down from the third story and was picked up dead. 10 But Paul went down, threw himself on the young man, put his arms around him, and said, “Do not be distressed, for he is still alive!” 11 Then Paul went back upstairs, and after he had broken bread and eaten, he talked with them a long time, until dawn. Then he left. 12 They took the boy home alive and were greatly comforted. 13 We went on ahead to the ship and put out to sea for Assos, intending to take Paul aboard there, for he had arranged it this way. He himself was intending to go there by land. 14 When he met us in Assos, we took him aboard and went to Mitylene. 15 We set sail from there, and on the following day we arrived off Chios. The next day we approached Samos, and the day after that we arrived at Miletus. 16 For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus so as not to spend time in the province of Asia, for he was hurrying to arrive in Jerusalem, if possible, by the day of Pentecost. 17 From Miletus he sent a message to Ephesus, telling the elders of the church to come to him. 18 When they arrived, he said to them, “You yourselves know how I lived the whole time I was with you, from the first day I set foot in the province of Asia, 19 serving the Lord with all humility and with tears, and with the trials that happened to me because of the plots of the Jews. 20 You know that I did not hold back from proclaiming to you anything that would be helpful, and from teaching you publicly and from house to house, 21 testifying to both Jews and Greeks about repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus. 22 And now, compelled by the Spirit, I am going to Jerusalem without knowing what will happen to me there, 23 except that the Holy Spirit warns me in town after town that imprisonment and persecutions are waiting for me. 24 But I do not consider my life worth anything to myself, so that I may finish my task and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the good news of God's grace. 25 “And now I know that none of you among whom I went around proclaiming the kingdom will see me again. 26 Therefore I declare to you today that I am innocent of the blood of you all. 27 For I did not hold back from announcing to you the whole purpose of God.OutlinePaul's Journey to Jerusalem and RomePaul's final voluntary journey beginsPaul organizes a collection for the Jerusalem church (mostly omitted in Acts)Back to a “we” sectionStill celebrating Jewish festivalsThe Revivification in TroasSomething remarkable happened in TroasSpeaking all nightMeeting on the first day of the weekMeeting in the upper roomEutychus falls from a third-story windowPaul's Time in MiletusMiletus, faster than Ephesus?Paul's Speech: A FarewellPaul's Speech: A CommissioningPaul: A Suffering ServantPaul preached openly and privately, withholding nothingRepentance and faithPaul knows of his upcoming “passion”Paul wishes to finish wellPaul's diligent faithfulness keeps him innocent

Pythagoras of Samos[a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC)[b], often known mononymously as Pythagoras, was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West in general. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend; modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton in southern Italy, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, ascetic lifestyle.

In the glittering Aegean of the 520s BC, Polycrates of Samos was a man of unmatched ambition and cunning—a tyrant who ruled the seas and defied the odds. But every rise has its fall. In this episode, we follow Polycrates' journey to his gruesome end, a story of hubris, betrayal, and the inevitable downfall of the man who thought he could cheat fate.Herodotus link:https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Herodotus/3B*.htmlThis is a podcast by Dan Hörning and Bernie Maopolski.If you like what we do you can support the Fan of History project on https://www.patreon.com/fanofhistoryContact information:E-mail: zimwaupodcast@gmail.comhttp://facebook.com/fanofhistoryhttps://twitter.com/danhorninghttps://www.instagram.com/dan_horning/ Support the show and listen ad-free to all of the episodes, including episode 1-87. Click here: https://plus.acast.com/s/history. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Rubrique:nouvelles Auteur: paul-bourget Lecture: Daniel LuttringerDurée: 53min Fichier: 37 Mo Résumé du livre audio: « Je crois profondément, absolument, à l'universelle égalité du sort et que toute joie est payée par une exacte rançon. Quand je rencontre une personne à qui la destinée semble tout accorder de ses désirs, je ferais volontiers comme le roi d'Egypte avec le fabuleux Polycrate. Ayant su l'histoire de l'anneau, jeté à la mer par le tyran de Samos, et retrouvé dans le poisson, il rompit leur amitié « ne voulant, dit Hérodote, associer en rien son sort à celui d'un homme qu'un si insolent bonheur désignait à d'effrayantes catastrophes... » Chaque fois que je pensais à Clouet, cette légende me revenait à l'esprit. J'attendais, non sans angoisse, le détour que prendrait la fatalité pour frapper ce grand artiste que j'admirais, je l'avoue, dans ces temps-là encore plus que je ne l'aimais. » Cet enregistrement est mis à disposition sous un contrat Creative Commons.

Tras 'Basilisco' y 'La araña' llega ahora "Matamonstruos", todas en Impedimenta, que cierra la saga de Jon Bilbao entorno al western y a su personaje fetiche John Dunbar. Se puede leer por separado, pero como sabemos que os va a crear adicción , mejor empezar por 'Basilisco" e ir tirando.  Habrá momentos que estarás en el Valle de La Muerte en California, otras en Ribadesella (Asturias) e incluso en la isla griega de Samos,  pero todo está conectado gracias a un vaquero que primero es sanguinario y poco a poco se va humanizando, salvo cuando saca el monstruo que lleva dentro ¿O no es verdad que todos llevamos un monstruo dentro? . Jon Bilbao nos ha donado además para la biblioteca dos novelones: 'El doctor Zhivago' de Boris Pasternak (Galaxia Gutemberg), 'Salambó' de Gustave Flaubert (Alianza). Nuestro bibliotecario Antonio Martínez Asensio vino cargado de recomendaciones 'tochas' para leer en navidad, que se supone que tenemos más tiempo: 'Antes que nada' Martín Caparrós (Random House) , 'La península de las casas vacías' de David Uclés (Siruela) , 'Las uvas de la ira'  de John Steinbeck (Alianza) y  'Por el camino de Swann' (primer tomo de "En busca del tiempo perdido) de Marcel Proust (Alianza).  Las novedades d ela semana llegaron de la mano de Pepe Rubio con  'Bad hombre' de Pola Oloixarac (Random House) y 'Nieve negra' de David Torres (Reino de Cordelia) . El libro perdido de Pascual Donate ha sido científico con conexiones literarias,  'El olor de las almendras amargas' de Daniel Torregrosa (Menos cuarto) . Martínez Asensio nos deja el libro de su programa "Un libro una hora"  que apuesta por la ciencia ficción clásica, 'El planeta de los simios' de Pierre Boulle ( Timun Mas Narrativa) y finalmente los oyentes que nos donaron 'Sostiene Pereira' de Antonio Tabucchi (Anagrama) y 'Empresas y tribulaciones' de Maqroll El Gaviero' de Álvaro Mutis (Alfaguara) 

* Det här är ett gammalt avsnitt från Podme. För att få tillgång till Podmes alla premiumpoddar samt fler avsnitt från den här podden, helt utan reklam, prova Podme Premium kostnadsfritt. * Dagen har kommit, Lyskova ska flyga utomlands för första gången på flera år, till trygga fina Samos, Grekland. Men rädslan och ångesten är stor, hur fan tacklar man den? I både orelaterta och tyvärr relaterat spår så får vi också nys om vem av Julia och Julia som är närmst en "little"-kink, kvinnan som tar på sig blöjor eller den som suger på nappar?

El doctor Grande Covián, a mediados de los años 80 del pasado siglo, nos informaba de que el ayuno ya había sido estudiado como un medio de alargar la vida. Entre otras cosas, decía lo siguiente: “Muchos de los entusiastas de la dieta macrobiótica parecen creer, equivocadamente, que se trata de una idea nueva. Pero la esperanza de prolongar la vida mediante la moderación en el consumo de alimentos es, en realidad, una idea muy antigua, que fue ya considerada en los escritos de la medicina china (Huang Ti) hace más de tres mil años. Hace unos dos mil quinientos años, Pitágoras de Samos, en un tratado que lleva, precisamente, el título Macrobioi, recomendaba el uso de una dieta frugal como medio de alcanzar una vida larga.” Hoy Jorge Laborda nos invita a escuchar aquel escrito con la voz de Grande Covián clonada por IA.

El doctor Grande Covián, a mediados de los años 80 del pasado siglo, nos informaba de que el ayuno ya había sido estudiado como un medio de alargar la vida. Entre otras cosas, decía lo siguiente: “Muchos de los entusiastas de la dieta macrobiótica parecen creer, equivocadamente, que se trata de una idea nueva. Pero la esperanza de prolongar la vida mediante la moderación en el consumo de alimentos es, en realidad, una idea muy antigua, que fue ya considerada en los escritos de la medicina china (Huang Ti) hace más de tres mil años. Hace unos dos mil quinientos años, Pitágoras de Samos, en un tratado que lleva, precisamente, el título Macrobioi, recomendaba el uso de una dieta frugal como medio de alcanzar una vida larga.” Hoy Jorge Laborda nos invita a escuchar aquel escrito con la voz de Grande Covián clonada por IA.

Hello!Welcome back to another archaeogastronomical adventure!Today's episode is all about ancient vegetarianism.And the philosopher Pythagoras is the central figure on all the stuff we talk today.Pythagoras, the father of mathematics, was born and raised in Samos. around 580BCE. Even though Pythagoras spent more than forty years in his birthplace, he eventually decided to set sail for new seas; his thirst for knowledge led him to travel throughout most of the then known world, most notably Egypt and Babylon, centres of wisdom knowledge and secret mystical rites, before settling down to Croton, a town in Magna Graecia, modern Southern Italy.Notes for some names dropped:Theophrastus (c. 371–287 BCE) was a Peripatetic philosopher who was Aristotle's close colleague and successor at the Lyceum. He wrote many treatises in all areas of philosophy, in order to support, improve, expand, and develop the Aristotelian system. Of his few surviving works, the most important are Peri phytōn historia (“Inquiry into Plants”) and Peri phytōn aitiōn (“Growth of Plants”), comprising nine and six books, respectively.Aulus Gellius (c. 125 – after 180 AD) was a Roman author and grammarian, who was probably born and certainly brought up in Rome. He was educated in Athens, after which he returned to Rome.Ovid (born March 20, 43 bce, Sulmo, Roman Empire [now Sulmona, Italy]—died 17 ce, Tomis, Moesia [now Constanṭa, Romania]) was a Roman poet noted especially for his Ars amatoria and Metamorphoses. Vetch: A member of the pea family, Fabaceae, which forms the third largest plant family in the world with over thirteen thousand species. Of these species, the bitter vetch, was one of the first domesticated crops grown by neolithic people. There are many different vetch species, the purple flowered varieties are all safe to eat.Music Credits:Pavlos Kapraloshttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzgAonk4-uVhXXjKSF-Nz1AThanks for listening!The Delicious LegacySupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/the-delicious-legacy. If you love to time-travel through food and history why not join us at https://plus.acast.com/s/the-delicious-legacy. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Istrouma en Español Sep 1 – 3, 2024 ========== 1 de Septiembre, 2024 Camarón Que Se Duerme Hechos 20:7-38 ========== ‭‭Hechos‬ ‭20‬:‭7‬-‭38‬‬ El primer día de la semana, reunidos los discípulos para partir el pan, Pablo les enseñaba, habiendo de salir al día siguiente; y alargó el discurso hasta la medianoche. Y había muchas lámparas en el aposento alto donde estaban reunidos; y un joven llamado Eutico, que estaba sentado en la ventana, rendido de un sueño profundo, por cuanto Pablo disertaba largamente, vencido del sueño cayó del tercer piso abajo, y fue levantado muerto. Entonces descendió Pablo y se echó sobre él, y abrazándole, dijo: No os alarméis, pues está vivo. Después de haber subido, y partido el pan y comido, habló largamente hasta el alba; y así salió. Y llevaron al joven vivo, y fueron grandemente consolados. Nosotros, adelantándonos a embarcarnos, navegamos a Asón para recoger allí a Pablo, ya que así lo había determinado, queriendo él ir por tierra. Cuando se reunió con nosotros en Asón, tomándole a bordo, vinimos a Mitilene. Navegando de allí, al día siguiente llegamos delante de Quío, y al otro día tomamos puerto en Samos; y habiendo hecho escala en Trogilio, al día siguiente llegamos a Mileto. Porque Pablo se había propuesto pasar de largo a Éfeso, para no detenerse en Asia, pues se apresuraba por estar el día de Pentecostés, si le fuese posible, en Jerusalén. Enviando, pues, desde Mileto a Éfeso, hizo llamar a los ancianos de la iglesia. Cuando vinieron a él, les dijo: Vosotros sabéis cómo me he comportado entre vosotros todo el tiempo, desde el primer día que entré en Asia, sirviendo al Señor con toda humildad, y con muchas lágrimas, y pruebas que me han venido por las asechanzas de los judíos; y cómo nada que fuese útil he rehuido de anunciaros y enseñaros, públicamente y por las casas, testificando a judíos y a gentiles acerca del arrepentimiento para con Dios, y de la fe en nuestro Señor Jesucristo. Ahora, he aquí, ligado yo en espíritu, voy a Jerusalén, sin saber lo que allá me ha de acontecer; salvo que el Espíritu Santo por todas las ciudades me da testimonio, diciendo que me esperan prisiones y tribulaciones. Pero de ninguna cosa hago caso, ni estimo preciosa mi vida para mí mismo, con tal que acabe mi carrera con gozo, y el ministerio que recibí del Señor Jesús, para dar testimonio del evangelio de la gracia de Dios. Y ahora, he aquí, yo sé que ninguno de todos vosotros, entre quienes he pasado predicando el reino de Dios, verá más mi rostro. Por tanto, yo os protesto en el día de hoy, que estoy limpio de la sangre de todos; porque no he rehuido anunciaros todo el consejo de Dios. Por tanto, mirad por vosotros, y por todo el rebaño en que el Espíritu Santo os ha puesto por obispos, para apacentar la iglesia del Señor, la cual él ganó por su propia sangre. Porque yo sé que después de mi partida entrarán en medio de vosotros lobos rapaces, que no perdonarán al rebaño. Y de vosotros mismos se levantarán hombres que hablen cosas perversas para arrastrar tras sí a los discípulos. Por tanto, velad, acordándoos que por tres años, de noche y de día, no he cesado de amonestar con lágrimas a cada uno. Y ahora, hermanos, os encomiendo a Dios, y a la palabra de su gracia, que tiene poder para sobreedificaros y daros herencia con todos los santificados. Ni plata ni oro ni vestido de nadie he codiciado. Antes vosotros sabéis que para lo que me ha sido necesario a mí y a los que están conmigo, estas manos me han servido. En todo os he enseñado que, trabajando así, se debe ayudar a los necesitados, y recordar las palabras del Señor Jesús, que dijo: Más bienaventurado es dar que recibir. Cuando hubo dicho estas cosas, se puso de rodillas, y oró con todos ellos. Entonces hubo gran llanto de todos; y echándose al cuello de Pablo, le besaban, doliéndose en gran manera por la palabra que dijo, de que no verían más su rostro. Y le acompañaron al barco. 1. Pasión por la cruz (v. 7-12) 2. Propósito en la Misión (v. 17-24) 3. Perseverancia en las Pruebas (v. 25-38) [Image] https://imageproxy.youversionapi.com/640x640/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mushroom-event-images-prod/117574509-1662179323184.jpg [Image] https://imageproxy.youversionapi.com/640x640/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mushroom-event-images-prod/117574509-1705700493680.jpg [Image] https://imageproxy.youversionapi.com/640x640/https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/mushroom-event-images-prod/117574509-1697561260831.jpg Regístrate ¡Si es la primera vez que asistes te invitamos a que te registres utilizando el siguiente link! https://istrouma.org/nuevo Nuestro Facebook Link de nuestro facebook donde nuestros servicios estarán en vivo ¡Acompáñanos! https://www.facebook.com/IBCespanol/ Visita nuestra pagina oficial: ¡Te esperamos! https://istrouma.org/espanol

Our understanding the cosmos and our place in it has perplexed humanity for untold generations. The astronomers and geographers of the Hellenistic period were no different, looking to explain celestial phenomena and the nature of the Earth. Eratosthenes of Cyrene managed to calculate the circumference of the Earth to an astonishingly close value, Hipparchus did the same with the distance of the Moon, and Aristarchus of Samos proposed the earliest known model of heliocentrism 1800 years before Copernicus. The pinnacle of these theories came together was the incredible Antikythera Mechanism, the world's oldest analog computer, which will bring our series on science and technology to an end. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2024/08/30/099-hellenistic-science-geography-and-astronomy/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/099-hellenistic-science-astronomy-and-geography-transcript.pdf) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Patreon (https://patreon.com/TheHellenisticAgePodcast) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)

David Butterfield is a renowned classicist and Senior Lecturer at the University of Cambridge. His work centres on the critical study and teaching of classical texts. How did the Renaissance revival of Greek language study transform Western Europe's intellectual landscape and shape our modern understanding of the Classics?   In this talk, delivered on the island of Samos in Greece in August 2023 as part of Ralston College's Master's in the Humanities program, Dr. David Butterfield—Senior Lecturer in Classics at the University of Cambridge—charts how Western Europe came to appreciate the language and culture of ancient Greece as an integral part of its own civilizational inheritance. Dr. Butterfield explains that large-scale technological and cultural changes in late antiquity led to a gradual loss of Greek language proficiency—and a waning interest in the pagan world—among Western European intellectuals during the Early Middle Ages. While the Scholasticism of the High Middle Ages was invigorated by the rediscovery of the Greek philosophical tradition, this encounter was mediated almost entirely through Latin translations. It was only in the Renaissance—when a renewed appreciation of the Hellenic world on its own terms led to a revitalization of Greek language study—that our contemporary conception of Classics was fully established.    —   00:00 Introduction: A Journey through Classical Literature with Dr. Butterfield 04:05 Preservation and Valuation of Greek Culture 06:55 The Evolution of Writing Systems 14:50 Greek Influence on Roman Culture 20:25 The Rise of Christianity and Advances in Book Technology 27:40 Preservation and Transmission of Classical Texts in the Middle Ages 32:50 Arabic Scholars: Preserving Greek Knowledge and Shaping Western Thought 36:00 The Renaissance and Rediscovery of Greek Texts 43:10 Conclusion: The Printing Press and the Spread of Classical Knowledge   —   Authors, Ideas, and Works Mentioned in this Episode:    Homer Magna Graecia  Pythagoras Odyssey Cato the Elder  Third Macedonian War Great Library of Alexandria Great Library of Pergamum Horace, Epistles   Emperor Augustus  Codex Sinaiticus Constantine  Neoplatonism  Plato Charlemagne  Carolingian Renaissance Virgil Ovid Abbasid Caliphate  Avveroës  Avicenna  Thomas Aquinas Petrarch Ottoman Conquest Epicurus  Lucretius  Aristotle  Gutenberg    —   Additional Resources  Dr Stephen Blackwood    Ralston College (including newsletter)   Support a New Beginning    Ralston College Humanities MA   Antigone - Explore Ancient Greece and Rome with Modern Insights Join the conversation and stay updated on our latest content by subscribing to the Ralston College YouTube channel.  

OK.  Clearly it has been a minute.  Holly is sorry (Lance doesn't care).    We catch up, we talk travel, charity, and the grind of dentistry.   And if you would like to contribute to the cat sanctuary in Samos, Greece, please click:  DONATE