Podcasts about huo

Karibu katika kipindi cha Maswali yahusuyo Imani ukiwa nami  Frateri Peter Peter, Kutoka  Seminari kuu ya Mtakatifu Augustino Peramiho Jimbo Kuu Songea  nikijibu swali la Msikilizaji linalosema kuhusu Muundelezo wa Ujumbe wa Kwaresma mwaka huu 2025 sura ya tatu ? L'articolo Huo ndio uhusiano kati Imani na Jubilee kuu mwaka 2025. proviene da Radio Maria.

Serikali ya Kaunti ya Lamu katika pwani ya kaskazini ya Kenya, kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto (UNICEF), wanaendesha shughuli ya kuwafikia wanajamii ili kubadilishana taarifa kuhusu jinsi watu wanaweza kuwalinda watoto na familia zao dhidi ya mlipuko wa ugonjwa wa kipindupindu na kutoa huduma za maji, vifaa vya kujisafi na usafi kwa jamii zilizoathirika. Kutoka katika video iliyoandaliwa na UNICEF.Wamekaa chini ya mti, wanawake kwa wanaume. Nyuma ni nyumba ya makuti na matumbawe, Lamu, Pwani ya Kenya. Muelimishaji wa masuala ya afya anawaeleza namna ya kuweka mazingira safi ili kupambana na kipindupindu. Mwanajuma Kahidi yamewahi kumkuta. Anaposema Cholera anamaanisha hiyo hiyo kipindupindu iliyokuwa imetishia Uhai wake na familia yake.“Nilipopata maambukizi ya Kipindupindu nilihisi siko sawa kwa sababu nilikosa nguvu na nikakosa raha na nikapoteza nuru ya macho ndio nikakimbilia hospitali. Huo ugonjwa ulipitia kwenye maji na chakula. Mimi na watoto wangu tulipatwa na kipindupindu. Mimi nilichukua siku tatu. Watoto wangu wote mmoja baada ya mwingine walichukua siku nane nane. Madaktari wanajibidiisha sana juu yetu. Baada ya siku kadhaa wanajitokeza na kutuuliza, je mnafanya juhudi tulizowaambia?”Leila Abrar ni Mshauri katika UNICEF anayehusika na mabadiliko ya tabia katika jamii anasema, "kiwango cha ufahamu ni cha juu zaidi kuliko tulipokuwa tunaanza uelimishaji. Na pia tunaambiwa kuwa kiwango cha unawaji mikono kimeongezeka. Mabadiliko ya kijamii na tabia kwa kweli yanahusu kushirikisha jamii, kuwezesha jamii.

Mnamo mwaka wa 2020, Umoja wa Mataifa ulipotimiza miaka 75 tangu kuanzishwa, pamoja na maadhimisho wakati huo ulimwengu ulianzisha mazungumzo ya kimataifa kuhusu matarajio na hofu kuhusu zama zijazo. Huo ndio ukawa mwanzo wa mchakato ambao hatimaye, miaka minne baadaye, hivi majuzi umefanyika Mkutano wa Zama Zijazo. Lakini kwa kuwa mikutano na mipango mingine ilishafanyika katika siku za nyuma, je huu nao unaweza kuwa ni mvinyo wa zamani katika chupa mpya kwa hiyo hautakuwa na mchango mkubwa chanya kwa dunia? Kuyajadili haya na mengine mara baada ya mkutano huo wa zama zijazo kukamilika jijini New York, Marekani, Anold Kayanda wa Idhaa hii aliketi na Katibu Mkuu wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki Veronica Nduva aliyeshiriki mkutano huo.

Last time we spoke about the battle of the Driniumor River. In July and August, American and Japanese forces clashed near Afua in New Guinea. Troop A of the 112th Cavalry engaged Japanese units, pushing them back temporarily. Troop C replaced Troop A but was soon isolated by Japanese attacks. The American TED Force, including the 124th and 169th Infantry, launched a counteroffensive, facing heavy resistance. Despite supply and terrain challenges, TED Force advanced, forcing the Japanese to gradually withdraw. By early August, the Japanese launched fierce and desperate attacks, but American defenses held firm. TED Force continued its advance, encountering further fierce Japanese resistance but successfully disrupting their supply lines. The Japanese, suffering heavy losses, were finally forced to begin a general retreat, as the American forces consolidated their positions by early August. It seemed Green Hell was still living up to its dreadful nickname. This episode is Operation Dan Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  This week we are picking up with the action along the CBI theater. In Yunnan, by the end of July, General Wei's Y Force was still engaged in efforts to eliminate the resilient but small Japanese garrisons at Tengchong, Mount Song, Pingda, and Longling. Simultaneously, the 33rd Army was striving to accelerate preparations for Operation Dan, anticipating resistance from General Honda's main garrisons until September's end. Following the fall of Myitkyina in August, Honda recognized the need to expedite his offensive plans, despite delays in the deployment of the 2nd and 18th Divisions. Additional reinforcements from the 49th Division were expected in Mandalay by September, bolstering Honda's position. Meanwhile, General Matsuyama faced the challenge of isolated garrisons cut off from his 56th Division, surrounded by superior enemy forces. With his main forces focused on imminent offensive preparations, Matsuyama could only provide moral support through radio messages. Colonel Matsui's recent successes reduced Chinese activity on the Mangshi front, allowing for the rehabilitation of the 113th Regiment by August, despite occasional small-scale raids. At Tengchong, Colonel Kurashige resolved to defend the Walled City to the last man against relentless infantry assaults, air bombardments, and continuous enemy artillery preparations. Compared with the defenses of Lameng, the positions at Tengchong were much less effective due to the factors of disadvantageous terrain and the lack of time to make defense preparations. Tengchong Castle covered an area slightly over a half-mile square; and was surrounded by a rampart 16 to 20 feet in height and over six feet thick at the top. Although the rampart had a stone facing and was backed with clay, it was not proof against an artillery bombardment and considerable work was required to strengthen it. Concrete or stone pillboxes were constructed adjacent to all gates and at the four corners. Shelters were built to protect guns and machine guns mounted on the rampart as well as for the troops and supplies inside the wall. Other entrenchments were prepared within the castle itself. While these measures greatly strengthened the defenses, the castle was still not proof against an intensive air or artillery bombardment. Recognizing the southeast as the primary avenue of approach, General Huo directed his forces to concentrate their main efforts in that direction. On August 2, following another bombing raid by twelve B-25s that created a gap fifteen feet wide, the 36th and 116th Divisions initiated a new general assault. The Japanese quickly worked to repair the breach and fired machine guns to cover it. It was only after concentrating guns, rockets, and flamethrowers on the southwest pillbox, along with five waves of fighter cover fire, that the Chinese were able to position scaling ladders against the wall. Two companies then seized the top of the wall just east of the southern corner on August 3. Overnight, Kurashige led a successful counterattack that restored defenses along the rampart, except for one platoon that held its ground all night. This platoon's resilience allowed Chinese reinforcements to pass through the breach on August 4 and seize a pillbox inside the city. With the walls breached, the fall of Tengchong became inevitable, but the determined defenders continued to resist fiercely in the coming days, inflicting heavy casualties on the Chinese attackers. Meanwhile, Major Kanemitsu's Lameng Garrison defended Moung Song fiercely. After the Hondo Position fell, the 308th Regiment resumed the advance on 3 August it had flamethrowers which it used with devastating effect to take the crest of Kung Lung-po. There the Chinese found several Japanese tankettes, which had been dug in for use as pillboxes. Despite repelling enemy attacks with great effort, the Japanese faced dangerously low ammunition supplies. As a result, Kanemitsu decided to raid the 8th Army's artillery positions and supply dumps to replenish his ammunition stocks. Twenty-nine men, selected from the artillery battalion, were divided into two teams for the purpose. One team was to raid the artillery positions on Shirakabe and Haraguchi Hills as well as to attack motor vehicles on the road between Lameng and Huitung Bridge. The second team was to operate in the area to the south and west of the Gake and Hondo Positions. On the night of August 9, seven groups of Japanese volunteers launched a surprise attack, destroying several howitzers and seizing light weapons and ammunition. Despite Kanemitsu's initial success and his troops' resilient defense against Chinese infantry assaults, General Song opted to revert to conventional siege tactics starting August 11. His divisions began digging tunnels beneath key Japanese strongholds in the Mount Song triangle, each tunnel stretching 22 feet to accommodate two powerful mines aimed at enemy pillboxes.One mine held 2,500 pounds of TNT, the other mine held 3,500 pounds of TNT.  The mines detonated on August 20, causing significant damage that engineers exploited swiftly with flamethrowers, capturing Kanemitsu's primary stronghold. In one pillbox forty-two Japanese were buried alive, of whom five were rescued. The prisoners stated that they had been asleep and had never suspected that they were being undermined. At 0920 the 3d Regiment against light opposition took the few strongpoints that remained on Sung Shan proper. In spite of particularly heavy pressure being exerted against the Sekiyama Position, the enemy had made little progress. However, on 19 August, following a heavy bombardment three tremendous blasts shook the Sekiyama Position. The Chinese, becoming discouraged with trying to storm the position, had tunneled under it, the defenders of the Sekiyama Position were virtually annihilated and the position fell to the enemy. On 23 August the Lameng Garrison regrouped to make final resist- ance in the Otobeyama, Nishiyama, Matsuyama, Yokomata and Urayama Po- sitions. The total number available for defense had been reduced to about 150 men, all of whom were wounded, some seriously. Even those who had lost an arm or a leg were propped up in positions where they could fire a rifle or sight a gun. The Lameng Garrison continued to resist in scattered pockets, launching futile counterattacks, Song recognized the battle's turning point.  During the latter part of July and early August, the Yunnan Force made new troop dispositions and moved in three divisions to attack the town. The main force of the Chinese 87th Division was on the east front, with an element along the Tien-Mien Road; the New 28th Division was between the two elements of the 87th; elements of the 1st Honor Division were on the north front with the New 39th Division on the south and west of Longling. At dawn on 14 August, preceded by an intense concentration of artillery fire and air bombardment, the Chinese forces launched a coordinated attack from all sides. Hill 6 bore the brunt of the enemy attack for eight hours but managed to hold, as did the defenders on the main line of resistance. After the attack had ceased, the Garrison spent the entire night rebuilding defenses, using rubble and half-burned mate- rial from the town. However, five days later, Chinese forces captured the eastern hills, weakening the entire Japanese defensive line. Consequently, by August 23, the eastern front collapsed, compelling the Japanese to retreat from their main defensive positions to reserve positions within the town. Matsuyama was aware that under the current conditions, Longling would likely fall before September began. While the timely reinforcement of the 3rd Battalion, 148th Regiment would enable the garrison to hold out for a few more days, he understood the urgency of accelerating the Dan offensive to relieve Longling. Starting on 26 August, the 2nd Division began moving from Namhkam to Mangshih under cover of darkness, requiring three nights to complete the movement. Shortly thereafter, the headquarters of the 16th Regiment was called from Bhamo to Mangshih and Col. Hara Yoshimi, commanding officer of the 2nd Reconnaissance Regiment, succeeded Col. Sakai as commander of the Bhamo Garrison, which was placed under 18th Division control. On 30 August, the Division conducted a war game followed by a conference to brief subordinate commanders on the plans and missions of the Dan Operation. With the recent arrival of the 4th and 146th Regiments, Matsuyama planned to send Matsui's Task Force and the 146th Regiment northwestward to clear the western sector. Meanwhile, General Okazaki's 2nd Division would attack northeastward to defeat the main enemy force in the eastern sector, thus fully relieving Longling. Subsequently, the 56th Division would advance towards Tengchong, while the 2nd Division moved towards Lameng, to relieve both isolated garrisons. However, before this offensive could begin, new developments emerged from Tengchong. Realizing that assaults on the ramparts were too costly, Huo ordered his Chinese troops to start tunneling under the walls. Additionally, air attacks increased in intensity, and on August 13, several large bombs struck the headquarters, killing Kurashige and leaving the garrison nearly leaderless. The following morning, after a heavy artillery bombardment of about 20,000 rounds, Huo launched his second general attack. Despite the garrison's determined defense against Chinese attempts to breach or scale the ramparts, Huo reinforced his southern assault with the 198th Division, applying intense pressure. While defenders held against the combined attacks of more than two divisions, the 198th Division, which had made several ineffectual attacks in the northwestern sectors, was brought south to reinforce the units already there. Three divisions pitted against the badly damaged southern wall could not be held off and Chinese troops began infiltrating beyond the rampart. The garrison launched successive counterattacks and, while they were successful in driving the enemy out on the first two occasions, the third counterattack so exhausted the defenders that the enemy held the southwest corner of the compound. The Chinese were not, however, able to make any appreciable headway in breaching any other part of the castle's defenses. Three days later, following another heavy air and artillery bombardment that succeeded in making seven breaches in the southern rampart, the Chinese resumed the offensive and managed to force the garrison to relinquish all but the southeast corner of the southern part of the castle compound. On August 22, a fourth attack was then launched; and, in spite of valiant efforts by the defenders, the west gate of the castle was finally taken by the 198th Division early in the morning of August 24. The following day, about 500 grenades and medical supplies were dropped by 12 Japanese fighters, which bolstered the garrison's morale even though their fate was pretty much sealed already. Simultaneously, Matsuyama initiated Operation Dan on August 26, with Matsui's Task Force struggling for six days to secure control of Komatsu Hill before advancing towards Shuangpo on September 1. The Dan Offensive opened inauspiciously with an unsuccessful attack on Komatsu Hill, about three miles south of Lungling. Launched by the 1st Battalion, of the 113th Infantry (Takeda Battalion), on the morning of the 26th, the attack was thrown back and it was not until the following morning after the 3d Battalion, of the 113th (Murakami Battalion) had been thrown into the attack that the Takeda Battalion succeeded in seizing the western half of the hill. Upon achieving the objective, the Murakami Battalion was withdrawn and the Takeda Battalion was exposed to severe counterattacks which the enemy repeated for four days. The Takeda Battalion sustained extremely heavy losses, including the loss of three company commanders. The Inose Battalion attacked the hill from the northeast on 30 August and succeeded in making contact with the Takeda Battalion the following day but the northern part of the hill still remained in the possession of the enemy. Unable to hold up the advance any longer, the Inose Battalion was left at Komatsu Hill to clean out the remnants of the enemy and the main body of the Matsui Column advanced to Shuangpo on 1 September, fighting their way through enemy resistance. The 146th Regiment successfully bypassed Chinese forces blocking the Tien-Mien Road, reaching the ridge west of Shuangpo. The 113th and 146th Regiments continued their northwestward advance, reaching the Longling River line by September 6, where they nearly wiped out the New 39th Division. Meanwhile, Okazaki assembled his 4th, 16th, and 29th Regiments at Shuangpo, preparing for an offensive. To the south, the 76th Division persisted in defending Komatsu Hill despite heavy casualties. Okazaki directed the 4th Regiment to attack the enemy's northern positions on September 3, resulting in repeated assaults over the next three days. Despite suffering significant losses, the Japanese were compelled to halt their local offensive. In the meantime, the 16th and 29th Regiments moved northeastward. The 29th Regiment successfully breached enemy positions and linked up with the besieged garrison by September 6. Despite this victory at Longling, subsequent events at Mount Song and Tengchong rendered Operation Dan futile. On August 29, following the fall of the Otobeyama Position, Kanemitsu realized that resistance could only last a few more days. On September 5 Major Kanemitsu sent to the commander of the 56th Division a final radio message: “All of my brave officers and men have determinedly defended our position for 120 days since May 10 with a sublime spirit of self-sacrifice and an attitude of absolute obedience. However, our ammunition has been entirely expended and practically every officer and man is wounded. The final moment has come. We will burn the colors and code books and make a suicide stand with what strength remains. I do not have the words to apologize for the fact that, because of my unresourceful command, we have been unable to hold out as long as expected. We are deeply moved by your long and special consideration of our situation. I respectfully ask that everything possible be done for the bereaved families of the officers and men of the Lameng Garrison. Our souls will continue to pray for the eternal prosperity of the Imperial Throne and the final victory of the Japanese Forces.” Consequently, on September 5, he concentrated his remaining forces in the northernmost positions, which came under heavy enemy fire the next day. After Kanemitsu's death from a mortar shell, the Japanese burned their colors and euthanized their wounded. They launched a final suicide charge on September 7, resulting in the death of the remaining 50 survivors. Of the 1260 Japanese at Lameng Garrison, only 9 were captured and 10 believed to have escaped, with the rest perishing at the hands of Song's divisions, totaling approximately 41,675 troops. The significance of Mount Song lies in the four-month siege to clear the block from the Burma Road, during which the Chinese suffered 7675 casualties, including around 5000 from the 8th Army, leaving it with only two understrength regiments fit for further combat at Longling. Meanwhile, on August 31, Huo's fifth attack pressed with great enthusiasm, eventually succeeding in taking the southeast corner, which had withstood the onslaught of two divisions for over a month. The garrison was then pressed back to a line running from the east gate through the center of the palace grounds to the northwest corner of the castle grounds. The number of survivors had been reduced to approximately 350, virtually all of whom were wounded. Five days later, the Chinese attacked once again, successfully effecting a breakthrough of the defensive line which split the defending force into two groups. By September 9, the northwest corner had been completely overrun and only 70 men remained to hold the northeast corner. Realizing that the end was near, the Japanese burned their colors and on September 14 launched a last suicide charge in which the remainder of the garrison was finally cut down. In a valiant defense, rivaling that of the Lameng Garrison, the 2025 men of the Tengchong Garrison held off the Chinese 20th Army, numbering an estimated 50,000 troops, for approximately 80 days. Despite this, the capture of Tengchong marked a significant victory for Y Force, as it opened a viable route to Myitkyina known as the "Tengchong cut-off". Moreover, the fall of Tengchong and Lameng allowed the Chinese to deploy more troops to counter the Dan offensive. In the early hours of September 7, the 113th and 146th Regiments crossed the Longling River and launched an assault on the 1st Honor Division, entrenched in strong defensive positions. Although General Matsui's battalions were repelled by determined defenders, the 146th Regiment made notable progress on the left, gradually pushing the Chinese forces northward. By September 9, the western and northern sectors had been partially cleared, and the Longling Garrison was nearly completely relieved. Simultaneously, the 29th Regiment, supported by remnants of the 16th Regiment and the 2nd Field Artillery Regiment, advanced northeast towards the eastern hills, encountering difficulty in capturing them. By September 9, they had only secured one of the hills. With Honda growing impatient due to the slow progress of the 2nd Division. Okazaki directed increased attacks in the following days. An attack was launched on 11 September but did not succeed. Then an attack conducted on the 12th, y the 3d Battalion, 29th Infantry was successful in seizing the hill, however a counterattack by the enemy resulted in the annihilation of the Battalion and the retaking of the hill by the Chinese. Furthermore, Okazaki also noted that the Chinese were still holding their ground to the south. Consequently, orders were issued for the 1st Battalion, 16th Regiment to address this lingering threat. However, the battalion exhibited such limited initiative that Colonel Tsuji Masanobu of the 33rd Army staff assumed direct command of the frontline units. With the addition of another battalion, this proactive commander led his troops in a series of vigorous assaults, culminating in the capture of the southern hill by September 15. Meanwhile, to the north, Matsuyama successfully relieved Longling, yet a new challenge emerged. The formidable 200th Division had arrived from Kunming and launched immediate attacks against the 113th and 146th Regiments by September 9. Fortunately, Matsuyama received reinforcements in the form of the 3rd Battalion, 148th Regiment and the reserve 168th Regiment, effectively clearing the northern sector by September 11. Positioned defensively, Matsuyama's forces continued to fend off repeated counterattacks from the aggressive 200th Division, while the 168th Regiment moved westward to confront a significant element of the 36th Division advancing south from Tengchong. At this juncture, the Japanese had suffered approximately 1800 killed and 2500 wounded, while Honda estimated inflicting over 63,000 casualties since May. Despite the costly relief of Longling by mid-September, the 33rd Army had failed to reach the Nu Chiang River or rescue the Lameng or Tengchong Garrisons. Moreover, with Tengchong's fall, the entire 20th Army Group was mobilizing to reinforce Chinese forces engaged in the Longling campaign. Realizing that Operation Dan faced inevitable failure, Honda opted to halt the offensive. Instead, he directed the 2nd Division to undertake a defensive stance south of Longling. Simultaneously, the 56th Division and the 168th Regiment disengaged from the enemy, moving southwards to relieve the Pingda Garrison. On September 16, the divisions rotated smoothly: the 56th Division gathered east of Mangshi, while Colonel Yoshida Shiro's 168th Regiment initiated a covering attack to the east. This left the Longling Garrison vulnerable, prompting its commander to defy Honda's orders and withdraw during the night. Lt. Col. Komuro's action came as a shock to Army and Division headquarters and, although he later committed suicide to atone for his act, the commander and the Garrison were considered to have disgraced themselves and the Japanese Army. Lt. Col. Nagai, a staff officer of the 56th Division, when questioned in 1959 made the following statement: "The Longling Garrison had twice before made great and courageous stands against tremendous odds. They were all exhausted by their efforts and had expected to be relieved. It is understandable that the Garrison should bitterly resent being placed in a position where they might possibly be surrounded in Longling a third time. The defense line of the 2nd Division was so drawn as to leave Longling projecting and constituting a primary target for enemy attacks. It should also be borne in mind that the Garrison was not an organic unit but was, instead, a composite group composed of various elements without the esprit de corps of a regular unit. Although Lt. Col. Komuro was a respected officer, his tendency toward a philosophical approach to life may have made it impossible for him to hold out against the unanimous discontent and resentment of his subordinates." Fortunately, Matsui's 3rd Battalion arrived in Longling two days later without encountering Chinese forces. Despite being outnumbered, the 2nd Division managed to maintain its extended front by destabilizing the enemy and conducting nightly raids. On September 17, Matsui launched a successful relief operation, driving the 9th Division from the Sahngzhai area. Concurrently, the 146th Regiment embarked on a forced march towards Pingda; by September 22, it breached the enemy lines, reaching the besieged city. Having been isolated for nearly six months, there were scenes of wild rejoicing as the besieged Garrison welcomed the Imaoka Column. Carrying about 150 casualties on stretchers the combined forces of the Imaoka Column and the Pingka Garrison broke through the enemy lines at night and, on the 24th, reached Liangtzuchai where they were covered by the Matsui Column. Both units withdrew to Mangshih and, when the Yoshida Force subsequently pulled back from Isao Hill, the Pingka relief operation was concluded. Following the conclusion of the Pingda relief operation, Honda began preparations for the impending enemy offensive.  Subsequently, the 56th Division was tasked again with defending Longling and Mangshi, while the 2nd Division relocated to Muse to prepare for a potential counterattack in the Shweli River valley. Meanwhile, the rested and reorganized 18th Division, now under Lieutenant-General Naka Eitaro, successfully concentrated at Namhkam by the end of September. The 33d Army expected that the main force would arrive prior to the end of the month, but the movement was executed very slowly and units were arriving in Namhkan throughout the month of September. Upon arrival of the Division at Namhkan, the units continued the work on fortification construction that had been started by the 2d Division. The main body of the Division moved via rail through Mandalay, while the 55th Infantry Regiment, with one artillery battalion and one engineer company advanced through Katha, Kunchaung and Sikaw on foot. The Division was gradually built up and, by the end of September, had achieved a strength of about 7,000 men. Since the replacements for the most part consisted of men recently discharged from hospitals, the complete recovery of the Division was understandably slow. The 18th Division finally managed to concentrate in Namhkam by 1 the early part of October. On 2 October, when Lt. Gen. Naka, who was replacing Lt. Gen. Tanaka, arrived at Namhkam, he found that the Division still had not fully recovered from the effects of the Hukawng Operation. However, abundant food supplies in the area, combined with excellent climate, enabled the division to make an unexpectedly rapid recovery during the month of October. By early November, the strength of the Division had been built up to about 9,000 men of whom about 3,000 were reinforcements from Japan. Some tanks and two 149-mm howitzers had been supplied and six mountain guns repaired. During this period of rehabilitation the Division engaged in the construction of defense positions on both sides of the Shweli River in the general area of Namhkam. This period allowed the Japanese ample time to strengthen their defenses, as Y Force had suffered significant casualties. General Wei found it necessary to retrain and reorganize his depleted divisions before resuming the offensive in Yunnan. Because all of his immediate reserves had been drawn into the fight for Longling, and considering that the Chinese Government had ignored his earlier pleas, Wei Lihuang asked General Dorn, chief of staff of the American personnel working with Y-Force, to present his further requests for 20000 trained replacements (Wei had not received one since the offensive began); for two more divisions; for permission to use the 5th Army's tank battalion; and for Baoshan to be developed as a supply base. Dorn, however, was only partially successful in that the National Military Council renewed its promises to send replacements. Shifting focus from Yunnan, we turn to the new operations of the 20th Bomber Command. Following the unsuccessful Yawata strike on August 20, Saunders continued planning for the return to Anshan, initially set for August 30 but postponed to September 8. On August 29, Major-General Curtis LeMay assumed command of the 20th Bomber Command. Despite the change in leadership, Saunders' plan remained unchanged: to deploy every serviceable B-29 aircraft. Saunders' plan was to dispatch every B-29 fit to fly; and so, by September 8, 115 bombers had gathered in the forward area and 108 successfully got off the runways. Of these, 95 reached Anshan to find good weather, with 90 of them dropping 206.5 tons of bombs at the Showa works and 3 bombing other installations while another 5 hit the Xinxiang Railroad Yards and 3 others hit various targets of opportunity. Total losses for the mission were four: a crack-up near Dudhkundi on the way up; two forced landings in China, one destroyed on the ground by enemy planes and one partly salvaged; and a plane listed as missing. The crew of this last plane later walked out with the loss of only one man. The Americans in turn claimed 8 kills, 9 probables and 10 damaged. The following day, a B-29 reconnaissance plane reported significant damage to the steelworks. Out of the sixteen coke oven batteries, three were estimated to be out of commission for a year, and another three for six months. Additional damage to related installations and the byproducts plant further compounded the impact. Overall, command intelligence officers calculated that the two attacks had reduced Showa's coking output by 35.2%, which in turn would decrease total Japanese rolled steel production by 9.3%. In response to the extensive damage, the Japanese launched their first counterattack against the 20th Bomber Command. Shortly after midnight, Japanese bombers came over Xinjin and attacked the American headquarters, storage areas, and the parked B-29s. Aided apparently by ground signals, the intruders made four runs, dropping fragmentation and high explosive bombs to inflict minor damage on one Superfortress and a C-46, and to wound two soldiers. Meanwhile, LeMay, who had accompanied the mission to Anshan, was encouraged by the promising results. Despite this, he had been tasked with implementing significant changes to the command. He began revising tactics, tightening and expanding formations, and enhancing training for greater bombing precision—effects that would become evident in the following months. Specifically, LeMay intended to substitute for the current 4-plane diamond formation a 12-plane formation similar to one he had used with his heavies in the ETO. He proposed further to follow 8th Air Force practice by subordinating night missions, so far numbering four of the command's eight strikes, to daylight precision attacks. This would not mean the abandonment of radar bombing, so vital in variable weather. LeMay's doctrine called for “synchronous bombing” in which both the bombardier and radar operator followed the bomb run in, with visibility determining who would control the plane during the crucial seconds before release. Precision bombing required training more sustained than the sporadic sessions which the command's crews had undergone, and fortunately new arrangements for nourishing strikes out of China would release B-29s and their crews from much of the Hump transport duty which had handicapped training. On September 5 LeMay had ordered each group to select 6 lead crews (later increased to 8) upon which other crews in a formation would drop. A week later a school was set up at Dudhkundi, occupied since early July by the 444th Group. Ground training and a simulated mission and critique on each of 10 successive days made the 11-day course at “Dudhkundi Tech” both strenuous and valuable. Meanwhile, the other crews of the 4 combat groups had been working with the 12-plane formation and had made some progress when training was interrupted for the ninth mission. Most of September was spent initiating LeMay's reforms, leaving time for only one major operation at the end of the month. Consequently, LeMay decided to finish off Anshan with another 100-plane strike. By September 26, he consequently had 117 B-29s forward, with 109 of them successfully getting airborne the following morning. Though take off had been improved since the last mission, bad weather and a cold front would see only 86 bombers reaching Anshan; 73 of them actually bombing the Showa works, all by radar. Subsequent photographic coverage, however, indicated absolutely no new darnage. In addition, two B-29s bombed Dairen, four Xinxiang, and nine bombed various targets of opportunity. Japanese opposition was likewise ineffective, with the Americans suffering no losses. but during the night, enemy bombers managed to sweep into the Chengdu area to drop three strings of bombs and damage five bombers, two of them seriously. The Chinese warning net had tracked the Japanese planes in from Hankow airfields and the 317th Fighter Control Squadron at Chengtu had ample time to alert command personnel. But the one P-47 up could not make contact. The 312th Wing had suffered with other China-based units from lack of supplies, and in the interest of economy of fuel one of its P-47 groups had been exchanged for the 311th Fighter Group, equipped with P-51B's. Chennault, reluctant to tie down two full groups for the static defense of Chengtu, had disposed part of the wing forward where the planes could take a more active part in the war, and events were to prove that this policy constituted no serious danger to the B-29 fields. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. By mid-September, intense battles in the CBI theater saw the Japanese forces grappling with diminishing supplies and overwhelming Chinese offensives. Despite heroic defenses at Tengchong and Lameng, Japanese positions fell after heavy casualties and strategic missteps. General Matsuyama's relief efforts at Longling achieved temporary success, yet the broader objectives of Operation Dan were unmet, marking a turning point in the campaign.

Last time we spoke about battle of Noemfoor. General MacArthur initiated a successful offensive on Noemfoor, with General Patrick's troops securing a beachhead. American forces encountered minimal resistance, occupying key positions. Despite initial skirmishes, American defenses held firm, inflicting heavy casualties. Meanwhile, in Aitape, ongoing clashes saw American forces repelling Japanese assaults. Despite setbacks, American defenses held, and preparations for a counteroffensive were underway. The Japanese breached American lines, occupying a 1300-yard gap but faced intense resistance. Martin ordered counterattacks and reorganization of forces along the X-ray River-Koronal Creek line. Despite some delays, American forces repelled Japanese assaults. In the Battle of Imphal, British-Indian troops repelled Japanese attacks, leading to their retreat. Operation Crimson saw successful naval and air assaults on Japanese positions, though with some setbacks. Admiral Somerville's diplomatic transfer followed, amidst reorganization of SEAC's higher officers due to internal conflicts. This episode is the First Bombing Campaign against Japan Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Our week's story first takes us over to the China Theater. Last time we spoke about China, the 11th Army's progress was halted at Hengyang in early July due to the resilient defense led by General Fang and a severe shortage of ammunition. General Yokoyama had to pause the offensive until his artillery unit could arrive to bolster the siege. Meanwhile, the 64th Division was dispatched to Changsha to relieve garrison duties. Despite these setbacks, the 13th Division secured Leiyang by July 4, and the 40th Division took control of Yongfeng on the same day, followed by Zhajiang on July 6. Although Hengyang was nearly surrounded, the Japanese forces had to entrench due to lack of supplies, which were delayed and harassed by General Chennault's aircraft. Seizing this opportunity, General Xue Yue sent reinforcements and launched counterattacks against the besiegers. The 58th Army recaptured Liling on July 8 before being pushed back by the 27th Division two days later, while the Chinese forces began encircling Maoshizhen from the southwest by mid-July. By July 10, Yokoyama had received sufficient artillery and ammunition to resume the attack on Hengyang. Despite heavy air and artillery support, the 116th Division's assaults from the southwest failed to breach Fang's defenses once again. On July 15, the Japanese launched another assault, this time managing to displace the exhausted defenders from their outer positions and into the city itself. Two days later, the 13th Division also gained control of the airfield on the east bank of Hengyang and strategic points along the railway near the town. Despite these territorial gains, they were deemed insufficient considering the significant loss of life endured during the intense fighting of that week. Consequently, Yokoyama decided to pause the offensive once more on July 20, intending to concentrate his forces around Hengyang. The 40th and 58th Divisions were already en route to reinforce the front lines. However, during this period, two significant aerial operations occurred. Initially, following the bombing of Yawata, General Arnold ordered a subsequent night raid on Japan to underscore that Operation Matterhorn marked the beginning of a sustained bombing campaign, distinct from the isolated nature of the Doolittle raid. This was followed by a 100-plane attack on Manchuria and a 50-plane attack on Palembang.  Two days after the Yawata show General Arnold informed Wolfe that, despite the depleted fuel stocks in China, it was “essential” to increase pressure against Japan. Immediate objectives were: a major daylight attack on Anshan, small harassing raids against the home islands, and a strike against Palembang from Ceylon. When Arnold asked for an estimate of the command's capabilities, Wolfe's reply was none too hopeful. With low storage tanks at Chengdu (only 5000 gallons) he could not with his own resources build up for an all-out mission to Anshan before August 10. Ceylon fields would not be ready before July 15, and either the Palembang mission or the night raids would delay the Anshan attack. In spite of Wolfe's cautious estimate, Arnold on June 27 issued a new target directive calling for a 15-plane night raid over Japan by July 10, a minimum of 100 planes against Anshan between by July 30, and a 50-plane mission to Palembang as soon as Ceylon airfields were ready. To meet this schedule, Wolfe was admonished to improve radically the operations of C-46s and B-29s on the Hump run. He outlined conditions necessary for fulfilling the directive: build-up of his B-29 force and a flat guarantee of ATC Hump tonnage. Even when it was decided that the command would get back its 1500 tons for July, Wolfe's operational plan set up the Anshan mission for 50 to 60 B-29s, not 100 as Arnold wanted. Arnold received this plan on July 1. On the 4th General Wolfe was ordered to proceed immediately to Washington to take over an “important command assignment” and two days later he departed. Thus General Wolfe was in reality sacked, leaving General Saunders to assume temporary leadership.  Subsequently, on July 7, the requested night raid was carried out, involving 18 B-29s targeting the Sasebo Naval Base, with an additional six attacking other sites in Nagasaki, Omura, Yawata, and Tobata. Of the 24 bombers, 11 successfully bombed Sasebo using radar; individual planes struck Omura and Tobata, while the B-29 assigned to Yawata inadvertently bombed the secondary target at Laoyao harbor. Two other bombers, experiencing fuel-transfer issues, redirected to bomb Hankow, narrowly missing it by 20 miles. Despite witnessing explosions in all targeted areas, the damage inflicted on Japanese infrastructure was minimal. Only one bomber sustained damage, yet the successful attack heightened panic within the Home Islands.   After the disastrous loss of Saipan, it was clear to many of Japan's elite that the war was all but lost.  Now Japan needed to make peace before the kokutai and perhaps even the Chrysanthemum Throne itself was destroyed. Tojo had been thoroughly demonized by the United States during the war, thus for the American people, Tojo was clearly the face of Japanese militarism. It was thus  inconceivable that the United States would make peace with a government headed by Tojo. British historian H. P. Willmott noted that a major problem for the "doves" was that: "Tojo was an embodiment of 'mainstream opinion' within the nation, the armed services and particularly the Army. Tojo had powerful support, and by Japanese standards, he was not extreme." Tojo was more of a follower than a leader, and he represented the mainstream opinion of the Army. This meant his removal from office would not end the political ambitions of the Army who were still fanatically committed to victory or death. The jushin, elder statesmen, had advised Emperor Hirohito that Tojo needed to be sacked after Saipan and further advised against partial changes in the cabinet, demanding that the entire Tojo cabinet resign. Tojo, well aware of the efforts to bring him down, sought the public approval of the Emperor Hirohito, which was denied. Hirohito sent him a message to the effect that the man responsible for the disaster of Saipan was not worthy of his approval. Tojo then suggested reorganizing his cabinet to retain his position, but was rebuffed again. Hirohito said the entire cabinet simply had to go. Once it became clear that Tojo no longer held the support of the Emperor, his enemies had little trouble bringing down his government.The politically powerful Lord Privy Seal, Marquis Kōichi Kido spread the word that the Emperor no longer supported Tojo. Thus after the fall of Saipan, he was forced to resign on July 18, 1944. Admiral Yonai Mitsumasa and General Koiso Kuniaki were appointed by Hirohito to form a new government, with Koiso ultimately becoming Prime Minister as Tojo's replacement. Meanwhile, Lieutenant-General Shimoyama Takuma's 5th Air Army discovered Chennault's aircraft and two Chinese squadrons concentrated at Guilin airfield on July 13. Seizing this opportunity, Shimoyama launched a daring raid that caught the Allies off guard, resulting in 80 aircraft destroyed on the ground. Despite this initial setback, Chennault's P-51 Mustangs maintained superiority over the Zero, downing 88 Japanese aircraft in the following weeks at the cost of 27 Allied planes. In Hengyang, preliminary artillery bombardment commenced on July 27 as Yokoyama's forces prepared for their final offensive. Despite minor attacks in the subsequent days, little progress was made while the Japanese awaited the arrival of the 58th Division. Concurrently, the 27th and 34th Divisions advanced towards Lianhua to eliminate the 58th Army, resulting in heavy casualties and their subsequent withdrawal. By August 1, Yokoyama had amassed 110,000 troops around Hengyang, along with heavy artillery and mountain artillery pieces. In contrast, only 3,000 exhausted Chinese troops remained, valiantly resisting despite being cut off for over a month. Returning to Matterhorn, Arnold insisted on a meticulously planned daylight attack involving 100 planes to be executed in July. Saunders managed to fit in the Anshan strike at the month's end by delaying Palembang until mid-August. The primary target was the Showa Steel Works at Anshan in Manchuria–specifically, the company's Anshan Coke Plant, producing annually 3793000 metric tons of metallurgical coke, approximately ⅓ of the Empire's total. About half of this was used by Showa's own steel works, second in size only to Imperial's, and the rest for various industrial purposes in Manchuria, Korea, and Japan. The secondary target was Qinhuangdao harbor whence coking coal from the great Kailan mines was exported to Japan. Tertiary target was the Taku port near Tianjin, which handled coal, iron ore, and pig iron. And as a last resort, bombers were to hit the railroad yards at Zhengxian, a possible bottleneck along a Japanese supply route. Aiming point at Anshan, as at Yawata, was to be a battery of coke ovens and again the bomb load was set at eight soo-pound GPs per plane.  Consequently, on July 25, 111 B-29s began staging to China, with 106 successfully arriving four days later. However, on July 29, only 72 B-29s managed to take off for the Anshan strike due to rain muddying the runway at Guanghan, preventing the 444th Group from launching. Mechanical issues further hindered eleven bombers from reaching Anshan, resulting in one bombing Qinhuangdao, two targeting Zhengxian, and four hitting other targets of opportunity. Despite these challenges, the sixty B-29s that reached Anshan maintained formation and bombed from altitudes close to the designated 25,000 feet under clear skies. However, the first wave mistakenly bombed a by-products plant adjacent to the aiming point, enveloping it in thick smoke. Anti-aircraft opposition was relatively light, with heavy flak damaging five B-29s and Japanese fighters downing only one bomber, whose crew escaped with the help of Chinese guerrillas. B-29 gunners claimed three probable hits and four damaged Japanese fighters. Chinese forces aided in rescuing a stranded bomber near Ankang. The plane was on the ground for five days while an engine, spare parts, tools, and mechanics came in by C-46 from Hsinching to effect an engine change and other repairs. Air cover was furnished by 14th Air Force fighters, who shot down a Lily bomber during a night attack. With full assistance from the Chinese and American garrisons at Ankang, the B-29 took off on August 3 and returned to Chiung-Lai. Another B-29 crash-landed in Vladivostok. Fortunately, on July 30, the wet strip at Kwanghan had dried sufficiently to launch 24 bombers of the 444th, albeit nearly five hours behind schedule. However, they were too late for Anshan, with 16 bombing the Taku port and three targeting Zhengxian instead. The day's efforts, though not flawlessly executed, brought encouragement to the command. American reconnaissance reported significant damage at Anshan, including hits and near misses on several coke-oven batteries, related installations, and the by-products plant. Taku and Zhengxian also showed substantial damage. The command gained valuable insights into conducting daylight missions, and despite the loss of five B-29s, it was deemed acceptable. That is all for now for the China theater as we now need to jump over to Burma. Meanwhile, in north Burma, General Wessels decided to resume the offensive on July 12. Following a heavy air and artillery bombardment, a coordinated attack was launched, supported by 39 B-25s and the 88th Fighter Squadron, which successfully dropped 754 tons of bombs on Myitkyina. However, approximately 40% of the bombs landed among American troops north of Sitapur, resulting in casualties and confusion. Consequently, the coordinated attack stalled, with minimal gains by the 88th and 89th Regiments. Subsequently, Wessels' forces reverted to patient day-by-day advances, pushing back Japanese forces gradually. The tightening grip around Myitkyina was evident, with previously separated units now in close contact, preventing Japanese movement. Further south, General Stilwell directed the weary Chindit brigades to converge on Sahmaw and eliminate the 18th and 53rd Divisions. West African troops fought for control of Hill 60 to the north, while the depleted 111th Brigade engaged in battles at Taungni and the heavily fortified Point 2171. Stilwell also ordered the 300-man 77th Brigade towards Myitkyina, but Brigadier Calvert opted to cut off radio communications and withdraw his men to Kamaing, eventually evacuating them to India. After returning back to Allied lines, Calvert and Lentaigne drove to Stilwell's headquarters, where they found the general at a table with his son and Boatner. Then, speaking with the same sort of blunt honesty that Stilwell prided himself on, Calvert went into a long monologue explaining that despite their crippling losses and lack of heavy weapons, his men had sacrificed so much at Mogaung that now they had nothing left to give. To order the survivors into combat now was to pass nothing more than a death sentence. Stilwell seemed stunned at Calvert's contained monologue. Then his shock turned to scathing anger towards his own staff. “Why wasn't I told?' he demanded. It quickly became obvious to Calvert that Stilwell had not realized the true tribulations his Chindits had gone through since the gliderborne invasion some months ago. As Calvert later wrote: “It became obvious from Stilwell's repeated ‘Why wasn't I told? Is this true?' that his sycophantic staff had kept the true nature of the battle from him.” Overcome with the truth of it all, Stilwell apologized. “You and your boys have done a great job, I congratulate you.” Calvert was then allowed to evacuate his brigade. Their campaign was finally over. The other brigades, nearing the edge of their endurance, didn't experience the same fortune and had to persist in battling against the determined Japanese defenders. With morale faltering, Major Masters' only opportunity for success came through a bold flank attack on July 9 led by Company C of the 3/9th Gurkhas. As the Gurkhas fell back in disarray, savaged by machine-guns firing straight down the ridge, the surviving men scattered, diving into the jungle. Major Gerald Blaker moved on alone, firing his M1 carbine, yelling: “Come on, C Company!” Seeing him, the Japanese threw grenades. Braving the blasts despite an arm savaged by shrapnel, he charged the Japanese. At the last moment, the enemy gunners found the range and a volley of seven bullets plunged into Blaker who fell against a tree, bleeding profusely. He turned his head to call on his men: “Come on, C Company, I'm going to die. Take the position.” The Gurkhas surged forward, bayonets glinting in the dull light, crying: “Ayo Gurkhali, the Gurkhas have come!” Point 2171 then fell into Allied hands. 50 Japanese dead were counted on the summit. Major Gerald Blaker sacrificed his life during the assault and earned a posthumous Victoria Cross.  Shortly thereafter, the 14th Brigade relieved the exhausted 111th, which now counted only 119 fit men; and on July 17, Stilwell finally authorized the evacuation of Masters' men. Thankfully, the seasoned 36th Division under Major-General Francis Festing would arrive in the frontline area to replace the depleted Chindits by the end of July, enabling General Lentaigne's remaining forces to be brought back to India. The final to depart were the West Africans, who assisted the British in capturing Hill 60 on August 5, prompting the Japanese to withdraw towards Pinbow and Mawhun. Since the inception of Operation Thursday, the Chindits had suffered 5000 casualties, including killed, wounded, or missing, 3800 of them after Wingate's demise. Their unconventional warfare had effectively diverted numerous potential reinforcements away from Imphal and Myitkyina; severed the 18th Division's supply line, rendering its holding operation futile; and highlighted the importance of air supply as the sole means of sustenance during military campaigns, a lesson pivotal in the 14th Army's subsequent offensives. Shifting focus to Yunnan, by the beginning of July, General Wei's Y Force had successfully halted General Matsuyama's counteroffensive in the Longling region. In the interim, General Kawabe's Burma Area Army was formulating strategies to address the impending aftermath of Operation U-Go's unfavorable results. Following the completion of the 15th Army's retreat in central Burma, plans were set in motion for Operation Ban, a defensive maneuver aimed at countering anticipated Allied advancements along the Irrawaddy River. Concurrently, General Sakurai's 28th Army was organizing Operation Kan in anticipation of potential Allied incursions along the Bay of Bengal coastline. Additionally, General Honda's 33rd Army initiated preparations for Operation Dan, a synchronized offensive designed to repel the invading Chinese forces eastward across the Nujiang River and deep into Yunnan, thus thwarting the establishment of a land route between India and China by the Allies. Consequently, the 2nd Division under Lieutenant-General Okazaki Seisaburo was reassigned to the 33rd Army on July 19 to partake in the offensive, while Matsuyama's 56th Division was tasked with maintaining defensive positions in Yunnan. The 18th and 53rd Divisions were directed to safeguard the western flank against potential assaults originating from Myitkyina. Subsequently, Matsuyama opted to relocate his primary force from Longling to Mangshi, where he planned to rendezvous with Okazaki at a later date. To facilitate this relocation, Colonel Matsui's task force was dispatched on July 5 to dislodge the 76th Division from Mukang. Following a stealthy infiltration behind enemy lines on July 7, Matsui launched a surprise attack the following day, compelling the Chinese forces to retreat. With the route to Mangshi cleared, the 56th Division vacated Longling and began regrouping in the Mangshi vicinity, leaving a modest garrison of 2500 men to secure Longling. Throughout July, the city faced intense aerial and artillery bombardments, culminating in the capture of East Hill by the 87th Division on July 17. Fortunately, Y Force's efforts were now focused on the previously bypassed blocks at Tengchong, Lameng, and Pingda, as the Chinese prioritized securing the flow of supplies to the front lines. At Tengchong, Colonel Kurashige was compelled to abandon Feifeng Hill after his 3rd Battalion departed to join Matsui's task force, leaving him with just 2025 men. Facing him, Lieutenant-General Huo Kuizhang's five divisions spread out around Tengchong, occupying the surrounding heights. Despite attempts at medium-level bombing causing severe damage to the residential area, it only resulted in rubble piling around Japanese positions. Thus, entrenched in their dugouts, the Japanese remained steadfast and successfully repelled Chinese attacks, with the Chinese managing to take Kaoliang Hill only by July 9th. Meanwhile, from the south, the 2nd Reserve Division severed Tengchong from Longling and initiated unsuccessful assaults against Laifeng Hill. By mid-July, with the city completely encircled, Huo was poised to launch a coordinated assault, but heavy rains delayed the operation. Concurrently, with the arrival of the 8th Army at Lameng, General Song aimed to continue his attacks against Major Kanemitsu's garrison. Following a night-long artillery bombardment, the 1st and 39th Divisions fiercely assaulted Japanese positions on July 5th, successfully overrunning some of them and destroying Kanemitsu's main water reservoir. However, despite ammunition shortages, Japanese counterattacks pushed them back to their original positions by nightfall. In the second week of July, Song deployed the 82nd and 103rd Divisions for an attack against Kanemitsu's southwest defenses, initially achieving success but ultimately being repelled by Japanese counterattacks. In the meantime, the Pingda garrison, devastated by cholera, was reaching its breaking point. Consequently, the Matsui Force was dispatched to provide relief on July 11, successfully reaching their designated gathering point northwest of Pingda after a challenging two-day march. On July 13, Matsui's initial assaults only secured the forward positions of the 226th Regiment; however, the following day, they managed to breach the Chinese defenses, delivering much-needed supplies to the Pingda Garrison and evacuating its sick patients. Having performed its mission, the Matsui Task Force started its return trip on the morning of 15 July. The following evening, an enemy group was discovered near Chungchai and the Task Force prepared to attack. Just before the actual launching of the attack, Col. Matsui received a message from division headquarters stating that, "A powerful enemy force is advancing toward Mangshih. The Matsui Force will return as soon as possible." To the north, Song opted to halt the sporadic attacks and initiated a synchronized assault with his four divisions on July 23. Backed by intense artillery fire, the Chinese exerted significant pressure, eventually overrunning the Hondo Position by the end of July. Only the timely intervention of Japanese fighters halted the offensive. Further north, following the subsiding of the storms and a heavy air bombardment, Huo finally launched a general offensive on July 26, supported by artillery and mortars. Moving swiftly and with strength, the Chinese successfully demolished all fortifications on Laifeng Hill, compelling the Japanese, grappling with ammunition shortages and heavy casualties, to abandon their other outposts in the vicinity.  The Chinese attack that followed revealed that previous experiences with Japanese positions had not been wasted. The Chinese infantry moved off quickly, on time, and as whole regiments rather than squads committed piecemeal. Mortar and artillery fire was brought down speedily on suspected Japanese positions, and the infantry took full advantage of it by advancing again the minute it lifted. Having taken one pillbox, the Chinese infantry kept right on going rather than stopping to loot and rest. At nightfall they were on top of the mountain and had taken a fortified temple on the summit. After mopping up the next day, the Chinese tallied about 400 Japanese dead. They themselves had lost 1200. Nevertheless, the speedy capture of Laifeng Hill was a brilliant feat of arms and dramatic evidence of the capabilities of Chinese troops when they applied proper tactics While the simultaneous attack on the southeast wall of Tengchong did not breach the massive wall, the Chinese now held a solid position in the sparse cluster of mud huts just outside the wall. Yet that will be all for today for the Burma-Yunnan front as we now are heading over to the Marianas. As we remember, Admiral Spruance devised a plan to initiate the invasions of Guam and Tinian following the capture of Saipan. Tinian's strategic significance stemmed from its close proximity to Saipan and its relatively flat terrain, making it more suitable for bomber airfields compared to its mountainous counterpart. However, its natural features also posed challenges for a seaside landing, with most of its coastline characterized by steep cliffs. Consequently, the American forces had limited options for landing: the well-defended beaches of Tinian Town, particularly the northeast Yellow Beach at Asiga Bay, or the less fortified but narrow White Beaches on the northwest coast. However, the latter option risked congestion and immobility due to the confined space. After assessing the landing beaches firsthand, they opted for the latter, anticipating lower resistance. General Smith's Northern Landing Forces were tasked with this operation, although there were some changes in the chain of command. Smith was appointed commander of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, overseeing all Marine Corps combat units in the region. General Schmidt assumed command of the 5th Amphibious Corps and the Northern Landing Forces, while Major-General Clifton Cates replaced him as commander of the 4th Marine Division. Additionally, Admiral Hill assumed command of a reorganized Northern Attack Force for the amphibious assault. The strategy outlined was for Cates' 24th and 25th Marines to land on the White Beaches on July 24, securing a beachhead line encompassing Faibus San Hilo Point, Mount Lasso, and Asiga Point. This offensive would receive heavy artillery support from Saipan, as well as backing from carrier-based aircraft, Aslito airfield-based planes, and naval gunfire. One of the main justifications for the final decision to land over the unlikely beaches on the northwestern shore of the island was the feasibility of full exploitation of artillery firing from Saipan. Consequently, all of the field pieces in the area except for the four battalions of 75-mm. pack howitzers were turned over to 14th Corps Artillery during the preliminary and landing phase. General Harper arranged his 13 battalions, totaling 156 guns and howitzers, into three groupments, all emplaced on southern Saipan. Groupment A, commanded by Col. Raphael Griffin, USMC, consisted of five 105-mm. battalions, two each from the Marine divisions and one from V Amphibious Corps. It was to reinforce the fires of the 75-mm. pack howitzers and be ready to move to Tinian on order. Groupment B, under the 27th Division's artillery commander, General Kernan, was made up of all of that division's organic artillery except the 106th Field Artillery Battalion. It was to reinforce the fires of Groupment A and also to be ready to displace to Tinian. Groupment C, commanded by General Harper himself, contained all the howitzers and guns of 24th Corps Artillery plus the 106th Field Artillery Battalion. It was to support the attack with counterbattery, neutralization, and harassing fire before the day of the landing, deliver a half-hour preparation on the landing beaches immediately before the scheduled touchdown, and execute long-range counterbattery, harassing, and interdiction fire. Concurrently, General Watson's 2nd Marine Division would stage a feint near Tinian Town before landing behind the main assault force post-beachhead establishment. Meanwhile, General Griner's 27th Division would remain on standby in corps reserve, ready to embark on landing craft at short notice. A notable logistical innovation for Tinian involved a dual shuttle system to prevent congestion. Loaded trucks and Athey trailers shuttled between Saipan's base supply dumps and Tinian's division supply depots, while amphibious vehicles directly transported supplies from ship to shore to division dumps, aiming to minimize beachside handling of supplies. Additionally, General Geiger's 3rd Amphibious Corps, comprising the 3rd Marine Division and the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, assisted by Admiral Conolly's Southern Attack Force, were tasked with capturing Guam. Due to formidable coastal defenses, Geiger's plan necessitated landings north and south of Apra Harbor on July 21, bypassing the heavily fortified Orote Peninsula. General Turnage's 3rd Marine Division was tasked with landing on the shores between Adelup Point and the Tatgua River mouth, proceeding southward to occupy the eastern area of Apra Harbor. Simultaneously, General Shepherd's 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was to land between Agat village and Bangi Point, then pivot northward towards the base of the Orote Peninsula. The establishment of a secure beachhead line from Adelup Point to Facpi Point was crucial before Geiger's forces could launch their assault on Orote Peninsula and subsequently secure the rest of the island. With the 27th Division committed elsewhere, Major-General Andrew Bruce's 77th Division, slated to assemble at Eniwetok by July 18, was designated as the new reserve under Geiger's command. The 305th Regiment was assigned to land behind Shepherd's Marines to reinforce the beachhead line. To optimize support for the troops, Conolly divided his Southern Attack Force into two: his Northern Attack Group, backing the 3rd Marine Division's landing, and Rear-Admiral Lawrence Reifsnider's Southern Attack Group, aiding the 1st Provisional Brigade's landing. Coordination of pre-landing bombardments was planned between Conolly's ships and aircraft, synchronized with scheduled strikes by aircraft from Admiral Mitscher's Task Force 58.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The time had finally come for the Japanese home islands to be subjected to the horrors of modern bombing campaigns. It would begin gradually, but would escalate to a literal horror show that starved the population of Japan into submission. Meanwhile Hideki Tojo was finally sacked, though by no means was he gone.

Partipants spend a second week discussiong Case 14, Attendant Huo Offers Tea: Attendant Huo asked Deshan, “Where have all the past saints gone?” Deshan said, “What? What?” Huo said, “I gave the command for an excellent horse like a flying dragon to spring forth, but there came out only a lame tortoise.” Deshan was silent. The next day, when Deshan came out of the bath, Huo served him tea. Deshan passed his hand gently over Huo's back. Huo said, “This old fellow has gotten a glimpse for the first time.” Again, Deshan was silent. The Depth in Practice group meets virtually at Appamada. Anyone is welcome to join the group! If you are interested in joining, please go to the calendar at appamada.org to find the link for the group. If you would like to donate to Appamada, please go to appamada.org and click on the contribute button at the bottom of the page.

Partipants discuss Case 14, Attendant Huo Offers Tea: Attendant Huo asked Deshan, “Where have all the past saints gone?” Deshan said, “What? What?” Huo said, “I gave the command for an excellent horse like a flying dragon to spring forth, but there came out only a lame tortoise.” Deshan was silent. The next day, when Deshan came out of the bath, Huo served him tea. Deshan passed his hand gently over Huo's back. Huo said, “This old fellow has gotten a glimpse for the first time.” Again, Deshan was silent. The Depth in Practice group meets virtually at Appamada. Anyone is welcome to join the group! If you are interested in joining, please go to the calendar at appamada.org to find the link for the group. If you would like to donate to Appamada, please go to appamada.org and click on the contribute button at the bottom of the page.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.05.535657v1?rss=1 Authors: Chen, Z., Xu, T., Liu, X., Becker, B., Li, W., Miao, K., Gong, Z., Zhang, R., Huo, Z., Hu, B., Tang, Y., Xiao, Z., Feng, Z., Chen, J., Feng, T. Abstract: Neurofunctional dysregulations in spatially discrete areas or isolated pathways have been suggested as neural markers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, multiscale perspectives into the neurobiological underpins of ADHD spanning multiple biological systems remain sparse. This points to the need of multi-levels of analysis encompassing brain functional organization and its correlation with molecular and cell-specific transcriptional signatures are stressed. Here, we capitalized on diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient, and deployed multivariate partial least square (PLS) method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal connectome-transcriptional signatures of ADHD. Compared to typical control, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical perturbations in lateral orbito-frontal and superior temporal regions, which had also been validated in another independent sample. This gradient-derived variants in ADHD further aligned spatially with distributions of GABAA/BZ and 5-HT2A receptors and co-varied with genetic transcriptional expression. Cognitive decoding and gene-expression annotation showed the correlates of these variants in memory, emotional regulation and spatial attention. Moreover, the gradient-derived transcriptional signatures of ADHD exhibited enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells, and were mainly involved as variants of chromosome 18, 19 and X. In conclusion, our findings bridged in-vivo neuroimging assessed functional brain organization patterns to a multi-level molecular pathway in ADHD, possibly shedding light on the interrelation of biological systems that may coalesce to the emergence of this disorder. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Olá a todos! Trago-vos pela primeira vez aqui no podcast o rapper Huo, este que passou por cá para falar da sua jornada no mundo do rap, os seu planos para o futuro em relação a carreira dele e muito mais. Espero que gostem! Podcast disponível em: https://linktr.ee/shanecast Socials: twitter: @huo258_instagram: huo_258 Crew: Producer - Milene Frijone Editor - Mauro dos Reis

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.28.530462v1?rss=1 Authors: Nong, Y., Stoppel, D., Johnson, M., Boillot, M., Todorovic, J., Shen, J., Zhou, X., Nadler, M., Rodriquez, C., Huo, Y., Nagakura, I., Kasper, E., Anderson, M. Abstract: The circuit origins of aggression in autism spectrum disorder remain undefined. Here we report Tac1-expressing glutamatergic neurons in ventrolateral division of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) drive intermale aggression. Aggression is increased due to increases of Ube3a gene dosage in the VMHvl neurons when modeling autism due to maternal 15q11-13 triplication. Targeted deletion of increased Ube3a copies in VMHvl reverses the elevated aggression adult mice. VMHvl neurons form excitatory synapses onto hypothalamic arcuate nucleus AgRP/NPY neurons through a NRXN1-CBLN1-GluD1 transsynaptic complex and UBE3A impairs this synapse by decreasing Cbln1 gene expression. Exciting AgRP/NPY arcuate neurons leads to feedback inhibition of VMHvl neurons and inhibits aggression. Asymptomatic increases of UBE3A synergize with a heterozygous deficiency of presynaptic Nrxn1 or postsynaptic Grid1 (both ASD genes) to increase aggression. Targeted deletions of Grid1 in arcuate AgRP neurons impairs the VMHvl to AgRP/NPY neuron excitatory synapses while increasing aggression. Chemogenetic/optogenetic activation of arcuate AgRP/NPY neurons inhibits VMHvl neurons and represses aggression. These data reveal that multiple autism genes converge to regulate the VMHvl-arcuate AgRP/NPY glutamatergic synapse. The hypothalamic circuitry implicated by these data suggest impaired excitation of AgRP/NPY feedback inhibitory neurons may explain the increased aggression behavior found in genetic forms of autism. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Dr Kumbuka ni influencer mkubwa kwenye masuala ya mahusiano na maelewano inapokuja kwenye suala zima la ushauri na mashauri kwa watu wengi ambao wamekua wakimsikiliza na ambao wanamsikiliza kila siku za wiki anapokua kwenye kipindi cha Uhondo pale EFM. Na yeye kuwa pale hakufika kwa bahati mbaya. Ila pengine alipo anzia kazi yake pale Times FM ndo ilikua kama bahati kufika. Anakumbuka jinsi ambavyo alikua zake tu mtaani wakati mtangazaji wa Times FM wakati huo Bi Dida Shaibu alipokua mtaani akitafuta watu wenye kipaji cha ‘kuchamba' watu wengine. Anasema wanawake ndo walikua wametawala jukwaa huku wakishusha maneno mengi ya karaha kwa wanaume, na hapo ndo yeye alipoona nafasi ya kupanda jukwaani na kuwawakilisha wanaume wenzie kuhusu ila na karaha ambazo na wao pia wamekua wakizipata kutoka kwa wanawake. Huo ndo ulikua mwanzo wa safari yake hii ya kuwa mmoja wa watangazaji hodari wa radio kwa muda huo anapokua hewani, EFM walivutiwa na kipaji chake na wao wakaona bora wamvute kwenye radio yao ili awatumikie wao na kipaji chake. Akiwa Baba wa watoto 5 sasa Dr anazungumzia kashfa na maneno mengi ambayo yamekua yakisemwa juu yake na muonekano wake na uzungumzaji wake. Anasema pia akiwa kama Baba na mtoto wake wa kwanza na wa pili nao wameshaanza kutumia mitandao ya kijamii na kuona comments ambazo watu wanaacha chini ya post zake huwa zinamtia unyonge wakati mwengine, hasa ile ambayo inahusu zaidi jinsia yake, mengine ya kwamba anajichubua huwa hayamsumbui asilani maana hiyo ndo rangi yake! Alilelewa zaidi na Mama yake mzazi ambaye katika umri mdogo kabisa Dr ilibidi naye amlee Marehemu Mama yake maana hakukua na mtu mwengine kwenye familia ambaye angeweza kufanya hivyo, kwa mtoto wa kiume kumuogesha, kumvalisha na kumfanyia mengine ya faragha Mama yake mzazi ilikua mtihani, ila kwa sehemu ambayo alikua wakati huo, hakukua na njia nyengine ya kufanya. Alikua akimaliza kumtaarisha Mama yake anamuacha kwa majirani na hapo ndo yeye anapata nafasi ya kwenda shuleni. Ni wengi wamepita na kushuhudia mengi wakiwa wanakua na mitihani na majukumu bila ya shaka hutofautiana, kwake yeye anaamini ni Baraka mara dufu kwa yeye kuweza kupata nafasi ya kufanya hayo yote kwa Mama yake kipenzi mpaka Mwenyezi Mungu alipo mchukua. Na Baba yake je alikua wapi wakati haya yote yanatokea? Na je alikua Mzee wa aina gani? Majibu ya hayo maswali yote Dr Kumbuka anatupatia katika episode hii ilojaa story nyingi za kukutaka utake kusikia zaidi. Kama Baba ambaye hakupata nafasi ya kuwa na Mzee wake wakati anakua, Dr Kumbuka anahakikisha watoto wake sasa anawalea mwenyewe na kuwapa asilimia 100 ya uangalizi wake, na hiyo haijalishi kama Mama wa mtoto bado yuko nae au la, kwa yeye kuwa pale ndo kitu ambacho kinamfanya yeye ajiskia vizuri zaidi. Yangu matumaini kutakua na mengi ya kujifunza kutoka kwenye episode yetu hii ya SABA ya msimu wetu huu mpya ambao tunahakikisha unapata kuwaskiliza watu wa aina mbalimbali ambao story zao zitakuvusha sehemu flani. Love, Salama. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/yahstonetown/support

Jet Li plays real-life Chinese martial artist Huo Yuanjia who goes on a personal journey of discovery (and ass-whoopin'). From youthful violence and chip-on-the-shoulder fights to realizing what is actually important in life from a blind village girl, Huo loses and then regains what he needs to become an inspiration to millions.Of course, we make jokes and swear a lot, and wonder if William Hung would make the movie worse. (spoiler..yes.)Join us while we discuss this epic film and check out patreon.com/youhaveoffendedthispodcast as well as the merch store at offendedpodcast.com.You rule.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/you-have-offended-this-podcast-1. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

CitationDou, Z., Toth, J. D., & Westendorf, M. L. (2018). Food waste for livestock feeding: Feasibility, safety, and sustainability implications. Global Food Security, 17, 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.12.003Forwood, D. L., Hooker, K., Caro, E., Huo, Y., Holman, D., Chaves, A. V., & Meale, S. J. (2020). Ensiling Unsalable Vegetables with Crop Sorghum to Produce High Quality Feed. Proceedings, 36(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036113Forwood, D. L., Holman, B. W. B., Hopkins, D. L., Smyth, H. E., Hoffman, L. C., Chaves, A. V., & Meale, S. J. (2021). Feeding unsaleable carrots to lambs increased performance and carcass characteristics while maintaining meat quality. Meat Science, 173, 108402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108402Mottet, A., de Haan, C., Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., & Gerber, P. (2017). Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate. Global Food Security, 14, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.01.001Ominski, K., McAllister, T., Stanford, K., Mengistu, G., Kebebe, E. G., Omonijo, F., Cordeiro, M., Legesse, G., & Wittenberg, K. (2021). Utilization of by-products and food waste in livestock production systems: A Canadian perspective. Animal Frontiers, 11(2), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfab004Shurson, G. C. (2020). “What a Waste”—Can We Improve Sustainability of Food Animal Production Systems by Recycling Food Waste Streams into Animal Feed in an Era of Health, Climate, and Economic Crises? Sustainability, 12(17), 7071. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177071

Today's guest has revolutionised his practice (and life) by making short helpful videos.  His videos have been viewed well over 300 Million times and he has over 300 thousand followers. His name is Dr Anis Khalaf, he's the CEO of Acupuncture Fit & VirtualTCM.com In this episode you'll learn the EXACT steps that Anis uses to create, film and distribute his videos. There are many things I love about Anis, right up there at the top though is his story of struggle.  Anis was not an overnight success, in fact, after 9 months on social media he still only had 26 followers. Listen now and discover the strategy that allowed Anis to continue despite the struggle.  Enjoy the show. Thanks for all you do, keep saving lives. Angus Links: Website: http://www.acupuncturefit.com/ Facebook: Dr. Anis Khalaf Instagram: draniskhalaf Tiktok:  acupuncturefit Bio: Dr. Anis Khalaf, OMD, AP trained as a Primary Care Provider in Orlando, Florida. He is a licensed Acupuncture Physician and received his degree, Oriental Medical Doctor from The University of Science Art and Technology, and his Master's in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine from the Florida College of Integrative Medicine. He is currently an MD/PhD candidate. With two locations, one in Downtown and one in South Orlando, he owns his own practice, Acupuncture Fit. His background started where he held his clinical rotation's with world renowned Acupuncture Physician and Orthopedic Surgeon, Dr. Zhi Liang Huo. Under Dr. Huo's guidance Dr. Anis mastered his famous five needle scalp acupuncture technique. His main areas of research interest are in sports acupuncture, integrative medicine, scalp acupuncture, and acupuncture injection therapy. Dr. Anis works with a various number of local professional sports athletes, is a member of the Florida Holistic Physician's Alliance, Food for the Poor, and is developing free alternative health screening programs for philanthropic use locally, nationally and internationally. His other areas of specialty are herbal medicine, infertility, addiction, weight loss, homeopathy, and food therapy. Dr. Anis Khalaf's primary goal is to help his patients become fit in all aspects of health. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

De grootsheid van Goriks acteerkunsten merk je in de vormgeving van Huo's personage. Maar vandaag babbelen we met Gorik als speler. Drie vragen, dubbel zoveel antwoorden.

Edward ‘Edo' Kumwembe ni rafiki yangu wa si miaka mingi, pengine sita tu toka mara ya kwanza kukutana nae wakati wa uzinduzi wa kampuni moja ya kamari hapa nyumbani. Nakumbuka alikua akimtania sana Fid Q na jinsi ambavyo Fid alikua hamjibu Edo ndo ilikua inachekesha kabisa, wengi wetu tunafahamu Fid ana maneno mengi, ila mbele ya Edo huwa hana hata maneno kabisa. Tulicheka sana, na baada ya hapo tukaanza kufanya kazi pamoja kama Influencers kwenye hiyo kampuni, na baada ya miaka mitatu Allah akabariki nikapata ile kazi ya Super Sport, na kama ulikua hufahamu, Edo ndo alinipigia chepuo nyingi sana ili niweze kuipata hiyo kazi ambayo kiiila ‘mchambuzi' wa futiboli alikua anaitaka, mpaka baadhi ya wastaafu na viongozi walikua wanaitolea macho, lakini Mungu akanibariki nayo mimi Salama. Yeye pia (hii ilikua siri

De groep is terug in Kronaufen. Dietmar, Elise, Aileen en Isola gaan meteen naar het crisisberaad van de maester. Huo en Tonk gaan samen naar de smidse op zoek naar krachtige wapens. Deze dag gaat de geschiedenis in als de uitvinding van kaasfondue. DM: Nick Anne Aileen: Larissa Montens Huo: Gorik Verbeken Dietmar: Philipp Kocks Tonk: Jens Osaer Isola Groenfles: Lara Braeken

De groep is zo dicht bij Kronaufen dat ze het bijna kunnen ruiken. Huo voelt de nood tot vergelding. We leren bij over de nieuwe Dwergen en de dames houden een onderonsje. Een oude bekende duikt op terwijl de oorlog nadert. Special guest: Lara Braeken DM: Nick Anne Aileen: Larissa Montens Huo: Gorik Verbeken Dietmar: Philipp Kocks Tonk: Jens Osaer

What is humor? Why does it matter with regard to the workplace? How can it help organizations and leaders? In this episode, we talk with comedian and speaker David Horning about the changing nature of work and how humor fits into it all. Specifically, we discuss: The work landscape Why humor helps How to--how NOT to--incorporate humor into the workplace and leadership   Links and Other Information David Horning's website David's organization, Water Cooler Comedy David's podcast, You Can't Laugh at That David on Twitter Avolio, B. J., Howell, J. M., & Sosik, J. J. (1999). A funny thing happened on the way to the bottom line: Humor as a moderator of leadership style effects. Academy of Management Journal, 42(2), 219-227. Click here Pundt, A., & Venz, L. (2017). Personal need for structure as a boundary condition for humor in leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 87-107. Click here Huo, Y., Lam, W., & Chen, Z. (2012). Am I the only one this supervisor is laughing at? Effects of aggressive humor on employee strain and addictive behaviors. Personnel Psychology, 65(4), 859-885. Click here 

The first question every Panel Host asks a Screenwriter is, "What does your typical writing day look like?" It's a burning question we've all had because knowing how other writers work effectively can be extremely helpful, especially if you struggle with stress, procrastination, excuses, or timing issues. In this episode, hosts Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman talk through their typical writing day, and chat openly about their writing schedule trials, tribulations, tips and tricks.  Edited by Paul LundquistMusic by 414beg.Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.02.323154v1?rss=1 Authors: Munoz-Castaneda, R., Zingg, B., Matho, K. S., Wang, Q., Chen, X., Foster, N. N., Narasimhan, A., Li, A., Hirokawa, K. E., Huo, B., Banerjee, S., Korobkova, L., Park, C. S., Park, Y.-G., Bienkowski, M. S., Chon, U., Wheeler, D. W., Li, X., Wang, Y., Kelly, K., An, X., Attili, S. M., Bowman, I., Bludova, A., Cetin, A., Ding, L., Drewes, R., D'Orazi, F., Elowsky, C., Fischer, S., Galbavy, W., Gao, L., Gillis, J., Groblewski, P. A., Gou, L., Hahn, J. D., Hatfield, J. T., Hintiryan, H., Huang, J., Kondo, H., Kuang, X., Lesnar, P., Li, X., Li, Y., Lin, M., Liu, L., Lo, D., Mizrachi, J., Mok, S., Nae Abstract: An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a cellular-resolution structural framework upon which multi-scale and multi-modal information spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted. Here, through a collaborative effort from the Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell typebased description of one brain structure - the primary motor cortex upper limb area (MOp-ul) of the mouse. Applying state-of-the-art labeling, imaging, computational, and neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul within the Mouse Brain 3D Common Coordinate Framework (CCF). We defined over two dozen MOp-ul projection neuron (PN) types by their anterograde targets; the spatial distribution of their somata defines 11 cortical sublayers, a significant refinement of the classic notion of cortical laminar organization. We further combine multiple complementary tracing methods (classic tract tracing, cell type-based anterograde, retrograde, and transsynaptic viral tracing, high-throughput BARseq, and complete single cell reconstruction) to systematically chart cell type-based MOp input-output streams. As PNs link distant brain regions at synapses as well as host cellular gene expression, our construction of a PN type resolution MOp-ul wiring diagram will facilitate an integrated analysis of motor control circuitry across the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This work further provides a roadmap towards a cellular resolution description of mammalian brain architecture. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

... and then what? Hosts Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman talk about their experiences as Screenwriters at Sundance and the Austin Film Festival (respectively) and how it affected their careers. Why should you apply to a screenwriting festival, what do you do once you're at one, and what's the point of them? Tasha and Josh go in-depth on the festival experience as a Screenwriter and why it may be right (or wrong) for you.  Edited by Paul LundquistMusic by 414beg.Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com

Onze vrienden zijn hopeloos op zoek naar de gekidnapte dwergen, en Elise is ook nergens te bespeuren. Gelukkig wijst hun neus de weg en komen ze al snel terecht bij een stel overtuigende harpijen. Alsof één identiteitscrisis niet genoeg was, weet Huo plots niet meer aan welke kant hij staat. Tonk ziet zijn kans en pleegt een snelle coup.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.10.288951v1?rss=1 Authors: Fei, A., Wu, W., Tan, L., Tang, C., Xu, Z., Huo, X., Bao, H., Johnson, M., Hartmann, G., Talay, M., Yang, C., Riegler, C., Joseph, K., Engert, F., Xie, S., Barnea, G., Liberles, S., Yang, H., Li, Q. Abstract: Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are functionally defined by their expression of a unique odorant receptor (OR). Mechanisms underlying singular OR expression are well studied, and involve a massive cross-chromosomal enhancer interaction network. Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) form a distinct family of olfactory receptors, and here we find that mechanisms regulating Taar gene choice display many unique features. The epigenetic signature of Taar genes in TAAR OSNs is different from that in OR OSNs. We further identify that two TAAR enhancers conserved across placental mammals are absolutely required for expression of the entire Taar gene repertoire. Deletion of either enhancer dramatically decreases the expression probabilities of different Taar genes, while deletion of both enhancers completely eliminates the TAAR OSN populations. In addition, both of the enhancers are sufficient to drive transgene expression in the partially overlapped TAAR OSNs. We also show that the TAAR enhancers operate in cis to regulate Taar gene expression. Our findings reveal a coordinated control of Taar gene choice in OSNs by two remote enhancers, and provide an excellent model to study molecular mechanisms underlying formation of an olfactory subsystem. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Hosts Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman chat with Act Two member, Joe Russo, about his writing process on HARD KILL, his '90s throwback action movie starring Bruce Willis and former WWE wrestler Eva Marie. Joe walks us through the unique development process of writing a low-budget actioner, illuminates the realities of life as a working Screenwriter, and shares his entertaining tales from the trenches (like meeting Bruce Willis!). Watch HARD KILL now on Amazon Prime HERE. Edited by Paul LundquistMusic by 414beg.Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com

Onze helden hebben de zeeslag overleefd en zien nu pas wat ze aangericht hebben. Tonk probeert Huo trots te maken, Dietmar en Aileen plannen reddingsacties, de bard zorgt voor droge broeken en Huo doet een dutje. Het leven is goed op zee, tot onze vrienden stemmen beginnen horen.

Spec scripts -- original feature-length screenplays you write for free and then try to sell on the market -- are an imperative part of a Screenwriter's profession, particularly for new and mid-level writers. They can offer you a unique control over your career, and have the potential to catapult you into the spotlight overnight. In this episode, Tasha Huo chats with co-host Josh Hallman about his spec writing process. He dives deep into how he develops his spec scripts, what land mines he's faced when it comes time to sell, the politics that are involved, and the absolute importance of passion. Edited by Paul LundquistMusic by 414beg.Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com

Screenwriters Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman share their wild stories about how they got their first Manager and Agent, and talk through the many ways you can get representation. Everyone tells you to get repped, but why do you even need a rep, and what the heck do they do anyway? This is the Act Two Podcast, where hosts Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman demystify what it means to be an everyday working Screenwriter.  Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com Music by 414beg.

Hosts Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman talk surviving the apocalypse as a working screenwriter, what their writing days now look like, what brings them hope and inspiration in these trying times, and what the landscape looks like now as a screenwriter. Spoiler alert! It's not as bleak as you think! Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com Music by 414beg.

Hosts Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman sit down (with some electrolyte margaritas) and chat with screenwriter David Levinson on getting his first movie produced. They break down what it's like for a writer during the entire process, from development, to casting, to eating too much craft services on set in Italy. WELCOME HOME by David Levinson -- A couple rents a villa in Italy hoping to mend their bruised relationship, but the devilishly charming homeowner can't seem to leave them alone. Emmy Award-winning actor Aaron Paul ("Breaking Bad") stars in this thriller of a weekend getaway gone wrong. Watch WELCOME HOME here! Edited by Paul LundquistMusic by 414beg.Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com 

Welcome to the Act Two Podcast where screenwriters Tasha Huo and Josh Hallman demystify what it means to be an everyday working Screenwriter.  In this introductory episode, meet your hosts, learn their paths to becoming professional Screenwriters, and get a preview for the epic journey to come in the Act Two Podcast. A podcast for Screenwriters, by Screenwriters. Questions/Comments: Tasha.Huo@acttwowriters.com Music by 414beg.

Dus ... Ademmijn overleven, check. Belangrijk artefact redden, halve check. Portaal openen, per ongeluk, maar oké, check. Terwijl onze helden plannen maken en experimenteren met hun materiaal worden ze plots betast door stenen armen. Huo's identiteitscrisis intensifieert, Dietmar wil naar huis en Tonk zoekt boel. GM: Nick Anne Dietmar: Philipp Kocks Aileen: Larissa Montens Tonk: Jens Osaer Huo: Gorik Verbeken Special guest: Kamiel De Bruyne als de Tiefling bard Kodir

Kevin de Verwoester is verdwenen en maakt plaats voor een vertrouwd gezicht. Huo probeert zich te bewijzen tegen Elise, Aileen zit met een hongerige baby, Dietmar probeert zijn diplomatische talenten boven te halen en Tonk herstelt een muur. GM: Nick Anne Aileen: Larissa Montens Dietmar: Philipp Kocks Huo: Gorik Verbeken Tonk: Jens Osaer Giffca: Nils 'Sjmille' De Smet

Patchouli, aka Huo xiang is great for damp loving pathogens and you can grow it fairly easily. We explore its cultivation, uses, and recipes.

Elven Voor Twaalven ging voor de tweede keer live. Deze keer ging dat door in Outpost Gent met als special guest Shalini Van den Langenbergh. Na de finale tussen Silanor en Huo van enkele weken is er wat slecht bloed tussen de twee, laat ons hopen dat ze dat goed kunnen maken. De groep is terecht gekomen op een vreemd eiland gevuld met vreemde wezens. Huo lijkt echter wel een idee te hebben wat er gaande is.

Tutakusanyika mbele za Bwana tutaimba na kushangilia. Kama Yesu asingekufa msalabani safari yake ingekuwa bure. Maana angeishia kuponya watu na ingekuwa bure tu. Kama asingekufa na akafufuka ingekuwa shida sana. Biblia inasema ulitokea ubishi juu ya kiama ya wafu ule ubishi ulileta mtengano katika dini ya wayahudi na ukatengeneza dini ya masadukayo. Ugomvi wao ulikuwa ni imani yao juu ya kiama ya wafu. Huo ubishi ukaletea mgawanyo mpaka ndani ya kanisa wakati ambao watu wameanza kuokoka. Ilibidi Roho Mtakatifu amsemeshe Paulo aandike barua kwa Wakorintho ili wajue kuwa kama Kristo hakufufuka imani yetu ni bure maana yake haina faida. Kama Kristo hakufufuka tumekuwa masikini kuliko watu wote ambao tunamtegemea Bwana. Kama Kristo amefufuka tunajua na sisi kwamba atatufufua. Kwa sababu hiyo anasema ni tumaini lenye baraka kama ambavyo Tito alivyoandika. Endelea kuimba wimbo huo “Wateule wote tutakusanyika” Wimbo huu ukuandae kufanya sala ya toba. Kama uliokoka ukarudi nyuma rudi tena kwa Mungu. Pia kama unajua kabisa Yesu akija leo huna uhakika kama utaenda nae rudi kwa Bwana. Siku moja nilikuwa kwenye ndege mimi na Rubani mmoja. Tulikuwa wawili tu. Akaniambia akipata shida je ntafanyeje. Basi akaanza kunionesha namna ya kushika usukani wa ndege na namna ya kuendesha ndege. Akanionesha mpaka namna ya kutumia breki za ndege. Sasa nikatazama chini, niliona kulivyo mbali sana. Pia nikaona namna tunavyopita mawinguni. Ghafla nikakumbuka “mstari kuwa tutakusanyika kumlaki Bwana Mungu mawinguni”. Yule Rubani alikuwa kaokoka Nikamwambia kuwa ikipigwa tarumbeta ya kuondoka na Yesu akija hapa kutunyakua tutaenda naye na hii ndege itajijua itakakoenda. Lakini kama Mungu anataka tubaki tutabaki. Ni hatari sana kukaa dakika moja mahali na hujui kama Yesu akitokea hapa utaenda naye. Ni hatari sana kwa sababu Yesu yupo, hata kama huamini kama Yupo. Wainjilisti huwa wanatuambia kuwa kama utaamini Yesu yupo hutakuwa na hasara kama usipomkuta ila utakuwa na hasara sana kama utaamini hayupo halafu ukamkuta. Shida ya wengi wanataka waishi mpaka watakapokuwa wazee ile saa wanakaribia kufa ndipo wanatafuta mchungaji waokoke. Kijana wetu Joshua alikufa akiwa mdogo na wenzake wakaniuliza swali “Baba kwanini Mungu alimchukua Joshua akiwa bado mdogo sana wakati biblia inasema kuwa tunaweza kuishi miaka 70 na tukiwa na nguvu miaka 80. Sasa kwa nini Yeye amekufa mapema sana”. Nikawaambia ni kwa sababu mnasoma mstari mmoja tu. Biblia inasema nitakushibisha kwa wingi wa siku. Unaweza ukaishi miaka zaidi ya 80 au ukaishi chini ya hiyo miaka. Anayesema nimeshiba sio yule mgawaji wa chakula bali ni yule anayekula. Nikawaambia kitu kingine kuwa maisha ya mtu ni kitabu kila siku ni ukurasa. Ndio maana biblia inasema Mungu anatangaza mwisho tangu mwanzo. Kwa hiyo ukiona umezaliwa basi ujue kuwa Mungu alifika mwisho ndipo akaruhusu ukazaliwa na ukaanza kitabu chako cha maisha. Kuna maisha ambayo ni sura maana unaona kabisa hapa kuna ukurasa umeisha hapa ila unajua si ukurasa tu bali ni awamu ya maisha imeisha. Kila mwanadamu anayo hiyo. Mungu amendika siku zetu na ndiyo maana mtunga zaburi anasema Mungu naomba nisaidie kuzijua siku zangu. Kuna vitabu vingine vina kurasa chache sana na ni vitabu vitamu sana. Mwandishi hakuwa na sababu ya kuandika kitabu kikubwa wakati alichokuwa anatakiwa kuandika kimeisha. Kuna vitabu vingine vina kurasa nyingi sana na ukisoma ukurasa wa kwanza na wa pili unakifunga kwa sababu hakina ladha kwa sababu kama ukiandika tu kwa ajili ya kujaza kurasa hata wewe mwenyewe hutarudia kukisoma. Hivyo hivyo hata Mungu pia haandiki tu maisha ya mtu kwa ajili ya kujaza siku. Nikawaambia wale rafiki zake Joshua kuwa kitabu chake kilikuwa ni kifupi sana lakini ni kitamu. Maana kuna vitabu vingine vikiisha unatazama kama kuna mwendelezo wake maana ni kitamu sana. Hicho kitabu hukiachi mahali bali utakiweka mfukoni. Kila baada ya muda utakuwa unakisoma. Yesu hakumaliza miaka 40, na kitabu chake ni kitamu sana mpaka leo tunasoma na hatuchoki kusoma. Hakuna kitu kibaya kama nikikuuliza sasa hivi kuwa ukifa sasa utaenda wapi?. Kama huna jibu lililonyooka ujue unamhitaji Yesu. Maana hutaweza kwenda mbinguni kwa sababu ya mahali unaposali. Hakuna dini iliyokufa kwa ajili ya mtu. Na usije ukajivunia matendo mema maana wakovu ni kipawa hakiji kwa njia ya matendo mema bali ni kwa njia ya imani. Kama unajiona una matendo mema kasimame mbele za Mungu aliye Hai na ndipo utajua kama uko salama!. Kumbuka Isaya alihuburi sura ya kwa hadi sura ya tano. Sura ya sita baada ya kufa kwa mfalme Uzia ndipo alisema mimi ni “mwenye dhambi na midomo michafu”. Sura zote tano hakuona bali sura ya sita ndipo anaona ana mapungufu kwa sababu Mungu alijifunua kwake. Miaka kadhaa tukiwa Tanga kwenye semina nilikuwa nafundisha habari za Jina la Yesu. Ilikuwa ni semina ya siku tano tulikuwa ndani ya jengo. Jengo lile lilikuwa la wenzetu wa imani ya kihindi wanaobudu ng’ombe wakatupa jengo lao tukafanyia semina. Siku ya pili niliitwa Dar es Salaam kwenye masuala ya uchumi. Wazo la kwanza lilonijia ni kutokwenda Mungu akaniambia nenda kwa sababu ile kazi nayo pia nimekupa unatakiwa uende. Nikamuuliza sasa semina ya kesho? akasema upako wa kesho uko juu ya mke wako. Hata kama ningebaki upako ulikuwa juu ya mke wangu maana ndiye aliyekuwa anatakiwa kufundisha. Basi nilienda Dar es Salaam maana kikao kilikuwa saa nane hadi saa kumi, nilipomaliza nikarudi Tanga. Nilipofika ilikuwa majira ya saa tano usiku nikakuta mji umetahatuki, nguvu za Mungu zimeshuka pale watu wamejazwa Roho Mtakatifu sana. Kuna mtoto mmoja alinena kwa siku tatu. Watu walikuwa hawafiki nyumbani wanalala njiani wananena kwa lugha hata wanashindwa kuongea. Ile hali ilitutia hofu sana maana tuliona madhaifu tuliyo nayo na vitu ambavyo Mungu anafanya havifanani kabisa. Mungu alifanya vitu vikubwa sana. Tulienda kumuuliza Mungu na alitujibu mwezi wa kumi tukiwa Kilombero kuwa uchafu unaonekana mahali ambapo kuna nuru. Neno la Mungu na Roho Mtakatifu ni nuru. Mahali ambapo kuna uchafu baada ya kumulikwa na nuru ndipo utaanza kupafanyia usafi. Paulo kadri alivyokuwa anaenda mbele za Bwana aliona udhaifu aliokuwa nao.

De groep heeft plots de vrijheid om te doen wat ze maar willen, dus natuurlijk besluiten ze om op café te gaan. Huo kan al niet wachten om zijn gratis drank voucher te innen. Je kan de wereld nu eenmaal niet redden met een droge keel en gezonde lever. Op weg naar daar komen ze de oude leermeester van Dietmar tegen, die wel eens bewijs van hun kunde wil zien. GM: Nick Anne Dietmar: Philipp Kocks Aileen: Larissa Montens Huo: Gorik Verbeken Tonk: Jens Osaer De bard: Nikki Tondeleir en Anaïs Bogaert

De groep zoekt nog steeds verder naar de oplossing van de puzzel. Een nieuwe geleerde Bard zou hierbij kunnen helpen om een oplossing te bieden, maar zal hij dat op tijd kunnen voor Huo en Tonk er in slagen om alles te laten mislukken? Special guest: Vincent Iliano DM: Nick Anne Dietmar: Philipp Kocks Aileen: Larissa Montens Huo: Gorik Verbeken Tonk: Jens Osaer Artwork: Nikki Tondeleir Elven Voor Twaalven is een Geekster podcast. Bezoek www.geekster.be voor meer informatie.

De deur gaat open, en plots wordt Huo's ergste nachtmerrie waar. Een kamer vol boeken. En puzzels. En stelende katten. En perception checks.

Volvemos con el programa regular después del de lo mejor de 2018. En este nos quedamos a gusto con los Oscars, mencionamos nuestras pelis más esperadas de 2019, repasamos los estrenos del primer mes del año e Iván y Hugo tienen su sección habitual. Iván nos recuerda que En los Límites de la Realidad (Twilght Zone: the Movie) cumplió 35 años de su estreno en España y analiza esta gran peli no exenta de polémica por el fallecimiento de uno de sus protagonistas durante el rodaje. Huo, por otra parte, nos ha seleccionado un pequeño avance del cine de terror que tendremos este año. ¡Acordaros de clicar el botón de "Me gusta" en Ivoox! Nos podéis encontrar y seguir en: https://www.facebook.com/LosTresAmigosPodcast/ Twitter: @tresamigospod Instagram: lostresamigospodcast

En este episodio hablamos sobre las cintas Ultraviolet y Fearless (Huo yuanjia)