Podcasts about bao

Filled bun in various Chinese and Chinese-influenced cuisines

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  • 1,346EPISODES
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Latest podcast episodes about bao

SBS Vietnamese - SBS Việt ngữ
Cổ Nhạc Việt Nam: Lấy chồng xứ lạ

SBS Vietnamese - SBS Việt ngữ

Play Episode Listen Later May 15, 2025 15:54


'Thôi em theo chồng , về làm dâu xứ lạ Bao nhiêu ân tình, giờ tim vỡ theo tim'.

TFG Radio - Warhammer 40k Podcast
TFG Radio Episode 276 | Space Wolves, BAO, Adam's Big Announcement

TFG Radio - Warhammer 40k Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 11, 2025 51:51


This week we just have Adam and Danny in this all Hispanic episode. They discuss the new pope, some of the Space Wolf reveals, the codexes that will be allowed at BAO, the recent trend among the local game stores to start charging for table space, and Adam's big announcement that he is partnering up with people in order to open a game store!   If you are interested in being part of the Mentor Program, fill out the form below. https://forms.gle/acxtmf4hJ6MWYHAW6

Almost a Podcast
Nihongo Jouzu

Almost a Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2025 61:01


Ahh man, here we go again. Back to Japan! We talk about our upcoming travel as well as some interesting news to come out of the Vtuber/Streaming community Youtube: https://youtube.com/@almostapodcastPatreon: patreon.com/almostapodcastMusic: Oyasumi by Smith The Mister

THE Last Action Critics!
Episode 15-[S5]- Sinners

THE Last Action Critics!

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 29, 2025 72:35


On this week's episode Will, Ian & Nora will head down to the Juke Joint to take in some Delta Blues! They'll pierce that magical musical veil and speak to the past and the future.... assuming the Vampires don't get em first. Cause let's face it, they're all-SINNERS (R) 137 minutesWritten & Directed by: Ryan Coogler. Starring: Michael B. Jordan, Hailee Steinfeld, Jack O'Connell, Miles Caton, Wunmi Mosako, Jayme Lawson, Bao, Li Jun Li, Omar Benson Miller, Delroy Lindo, Buddy Guy and Many Other Talented People!00:00:50- Spoilers Ahead (See This Movie!)00:10:00- Score/Soundtrack/Composer Deep Dive00:30:00- SINNERS00:33:30- Rating/Review01:08:45- Totals01:09:45- Next Week/ByePatreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon.com/THELastActionCritics⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram: @TheLastActionCriticsemail:   Thelastactioncritics@gmail.comNext Week: Havoc (netflix)

VOV - Nội chính
Pháp luật đời sống - Công an tỉnh Hà Nam tăng cường đảm bảo an toàn giao thông dịp nghỉ lễ 30/4- 1/5 (28/4/2025)

VOV - Nội chính

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 28, 2025 13:49


- Hà Nam tăng cường đảm bảo an toàn giao thông dịp nghỉ lễ 30/4- 1/5.- Quốc lộ 14D bị băm nát: Bao giờ sẽ “hồi sinh” tuyến huyết mạch trục Đông – Tây.- Nâng cao hiệu quả cai nghiện ma túy và quản lý sau cai: Đổi mới từ thực tiễn chuyển giao.

bao giao h nam
Polo Nerd
News del 23 aprile 2025

Polo Nerd

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 23, 2025 45:27


In queste nuove news con la conduzione di Sergio:Le segnalazioni sulle uscite di Bao, Bonelli, BD, NPE, Panini e SaldaPressLe uscite video di aprile e maggioLe prime news dalla Star Wars ConventionLe novità in ambito gamesFiere e mostre passate e in arrivo.Vi aspettiamo per questo Road to 200 -1!--Merchandising:http://store.polonerd.netPer sostenerci offrendoci uno o più caffèhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/polonerdSito, Mail e Contatti:redazione@polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.net/contattiPagina dell'episodio: https://www.polonerd.net/?p=1683

Polo Nerd
Dalla Cina ad Angouleme passando per Bologna. I viaggi creativi di Yi Yang

Polo Nerd

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 21, 2025 70:24


Un'artista che ha saputo reinventarsi più volte e a raccontare il proprio mondo attraverso il fumetto, fondendo esperienza, fantasia, passato e immaginario.Yi Yang è al suo terzo volume con Bao Publishing e in questo episodio ci racconta molto della sua vita e della sua carriera: una scoperta estremamente piacevole, che non potete perdervi.--Merchandising:http://store.polonerd.netPer sostenerci offrendoci uno o più caffèhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/polonerdSito, Mail e Contatti:redazione@polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.net/contattiPagina dell'episodio: https://www.polonerd.net/?p=1675

The 365 Days of Astronomy, the daily podcast of the International Year of Astronomy 2009

Hosted by Rob Sparks. Description: The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) at Kitt Peak National Observatory has been collecting spectra of millions of galaxies to better understand dark energy, the mysterious force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate. The DESI collaboration recently released results based on the first three years of data that indicate dark energy is not a constant force. In this podcast, NOIRLab's Joan Najita discusses DESI and its groundbreaking results.    Bios: Rob Sparks is in the Communications, Education and Engagement group at NSF's NOIRLab in Tucson, Arizona. Dr. Joan Najita is an astronomer at NOIRLab, NSF's research and development center for ground-based optical and infrared astronomy. She studies the origins of stars and planets and the life histories of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. A long-time advocate for "highly multiplexed spectroscopy" (i.e., facilities like DESI), she also studies how discoveries are made in astronomy, and works to develop new tools and facilities that sustain discovery.   Links: NORLab Press Release: https://noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2512/ DESI's public webpage: https://www.desi.lbl.gov/ - DESI's YouTube channel, which features playlists of DESI talks from the March 2025 APS meeting and additional talks showcasing the BAO results:  https://www.youtube.com/@DESISurvey - Access the DESI data release through Astro Data Lab https://datalab.noirlab.edu/desi/index.php NOIRLab social media channels can be found at: https://www.facebook.com/NOIRLabAstro https://twitter.com/NOIRLabAstro https://www.instagram.com/noirlabastro/ https://www.youtube.com/noirlabastro   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs.  Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too!  Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations.  Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

New Books in East Asian Studies
Queering the Asian Diaspora

New Books in East Asian Studies

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2025 37:15


Have you ever heard of the Chinese gay god, the Rabbit god? How did queer Chinese artists use this icon in reclaiming their own stories, while resisting and persisting through Covid-19? And, how can art be a space for fighting back against national hegemony? In this episode, Hongwei Bao discusses these questions with Kukasina Kubaha. Hongwei Bao is associate professor of Media studies at the University of Nottingham. Bao is the author of several books including Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China, and Queer China: Lesbian and Gay Literature and Visual Culture Under Postsocialism. Alongside his academic work, Bao also writes poetry and curates film festivals. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/east-asian-studies

Ostium Podcast
DJ Dave - Seventh Session

Ostium Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 6, 2025 52:01


Music featured in this episode includes:JadeBao by Venuz Beats, Justin WyattStay Gold by Mr SlipzSpanish by TeskLavender.chromo by the dreamerLittle Help by Yasper, JELISAAquamarine by Middle School, Spencer HuntSlinky by Axian, LazlowBetter Days by Evil NeedleBrush Strokes by Blue Wednesday, morningtimeSilk by El TrainAnglers Rest by Stan ForebeeInner Glow by Bao, Packed RichHigh Beams by Kreatev, 88JAY, Dotlights, fantompowerpolaroid by Ward WillsSwan by HanzYou, Me by EmperoseRhodes Less Traveled by Teddy Roxpin, MAXIMILLIANMisty by Mac KayOdyssey by Misha, Makzounderneath by Masked ManAll music provided by Chillhop Music. Click the link to hear other Chillhop music and to support the great artists.If you have some chill music you think would fit well with the show, or would just like to send a nice message, you can reach DJ Dave at djdaveostium@gmail.com.If you would like to get access to DJ Dave sessions early, as well as a bunch of bonus material, you can support Ostium on Patreon.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/ostium. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

New Books in LGBTQ+ Studies
Queering the Asian Diaspora

New Books in LGBTQ+ Studies

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 5, 2025 37:15


Have you ever heard of the Chinese gay god, the Rabbit god? How did queer Chinese artists use this icon in reclaiming their own stories, while resisting and persisting through Covid-19? And, how can art be a space for fighting back against national hegemony? In this episode, Hongwei Bao discusses these questions with Kukasina Kubaha. Hongwei Bao is associate professor of Media studies at the University of Nottingham. Bao is the author of several books including Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China, and Queer China: Lesbian and Gay Literature and Visual Culture Under Postsocialism. Alongside his academic work, Bao also writes poetry and curates film festivals. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/lgbtq-studies

New Books Network
Queering the Asian Diaspora

New Books Network

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 4, 2025 37:15


Have you ever heard of the Chinese gay god, the Rabbit god? How did queer Chinese artists use this icon in reclaiming their own stories, while resisting and persisting through Covid-19? And, how can art be a space for fighting back against national hegemony? In this episode, Hongwei Bao discusses these questions with Kukasina Kubaha. Hongwei Bao is associate professor of Media studies at the University of Nottingham. Bao is the author of several books including Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China, and Queer China: Lesbian and Gay Literature and Visual Culture Under Postsocialism. Alongside his academic work, Bao also writes poetry and curates film festivals. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

New Books in Chinese Studies
Queering the Asian Diaspora

New Books in Chinese Studies

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 4, 2025 37:15


Have you ever heard of the Chinese gay god, the Rabbit god? How did queer Chinese artists use this icon in reclaiming their own stories, while resisting and persisting through Covid-19? And, how can art be a space for fighting back against national hegemony? In this episode, Hongwei Bao discusses these questions with Kukasina Kubaha. Hongwei Bao is associate professor of Media studies at the University of Nottingham. Bao is the author of several books including Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China, and Queer China: Lesbian and Gay Literature and Visual Culture Under Postsocialism. Alongside his academic work, Bao also writes poetry and curates film festivals. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/chinese-studies

The Nordic Asia Podcast
Queering the Asian Diaspora

The Nordic Asia Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 4, 2025 35:30


Have you ever heard of the Chinese gay god, the Rabbit god? How did queer Chinese artists use this icon in reclaiming their own stories, while resisting and persisting through Covid-19? And, how can art be a space for fighting back against national hegemony? In this episode, Hongwei Bao discusses these questions with Kukasina Kubaha. Hongwei Bao is associate professor of Media studies at the University of Nottingham. Bao is the author of several books including Queer Comrades: Gay Identity and Tongzhi Activism in Postsocialist China, and Queer China: Lesbian and Gay Literature and Visual Culture Under Postsocialism. Alongside his academic work, Bao also writes poetry and curates film festivals.

Tám Sài Gòn
Review phim: ÂM DƯƠNG LỘ, HUYẾT ÁN TRUY HÀNH, CUỐC XE KINH HOÀNG, THIẾU NỮ ÁNH TRĂNG, CÔNG CHÚA BĂNG GIÁ VÀ XỨ SỞ TRONG GƯƠNG, PHIM ĐIỆN ẢNH NINJA RANTARO: GIẢI CỨU QUÂN SƯ

Tám Sài Gòn

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 2, 2025 22:04


Review các phim ra rạp từ ngày 28/03/2025ÂM DƯƠNG LỘ - T16Đạo diễn: Hoàng Tuấn CườngDiễn viên: Bạch Công Khanh; Lan Thy; Minh Hoàng; Tuấn Dũng; Đại Nghĩa; Hạnh ThúyThể loại: Hài, Kinh DịVì mưu sinh, một cử nhân thất nghiệp lén cha chở một thi thể nữ về Tây Nguyên ngay giữa đêm khuya. Trên hành trình, anh buộc phải đối mặt với một thế giới siêu nhiên đầy rẫy vong linh, một cô gái bí ẩn anh đem lòng tơ tưởng và một sự thật hắc ám gắn liền với chiếc xe cứu thương mà anh đang cầm láiHUYẾT ÁN TRUY HÀNH – T18Đạo diễn: Man Ki KwokDiễn viên: Louis Koo, Ka-Tung Lam, Stephanie Che, Summer ChanThể loại: Bí ẩn, Hành Động, Hồi hộpVào một đêm mưa, thi thể Gia Kỳ - con gái của cảnh sát Lạc Nhất Ngôn phát hiện tử vong. Vì không đủ bằng chứng kết tội, Khâu Tuấn Văn (nghi phạm) được thả tự do. Lạc Nhất Ngôn rời khỏi lực lượng cảnh sát. Thế nhưng, những cái chết không hề dừng lại, Lạc Nhất Ngôn nhận ra nhiều cô gái khác cũng bị sát hại dã man với cách thức giống nhau khiến ông tin rằng hung thủ thực sự vẫn còn đang nhởn nhơ ngoài vòng pháp luật. Qua quá trình điều tra, ông dần tìm ra nhân chứng duy nhất chứng kiến cảnh phạm tội của hung thủ. Đáng tiếc thay, nhân chứng lại là một cô bé thiểu năng trí tuệ. Bao nhiêu biến cố dần ập đến khiến người cha, người chồng, Lạc Nhất Ngôn gần như ngã quỵ… Liệu rằng Lạc Nhất Ngôn sẽ buông bỏ hiện thực hay ông sẽ vùng lên giành lại công lý cho con gái bị sát hại thảm thương?CUỐC XE KINH HOÀNG – T18Đạo diễn: Bruce GoodisonDiễn viên: George Bukhari, Nick FrostThể loại: Hồi hộp, Kinh DịMột tên tài xế taxi đưa một cặp đôi tới một con đường hẻo lánh bị ma ám, tiết lộ động cơ ghê rợn cùng ý định thật sự của hắn.THIẾU NỮ ÁNH TRĂNG – T13Đạo diễn: Chuang Ching-shenDiễn viên: Buffy Chen; Chloe XiangThể loại: Tình cảmMột hệ thống giáo dục "đặc biệt" tại Đài Loan vào những năm 1997 chia lớp học thành 2 dạng lớp đêm và lớp ngày. Học sinh lớp ngày luôn được xem là ưu tú hơn khiến Ai - một học sinh lớp đêm luôn mang trong mình nỗi mặc cảm sâu sắc. "Cô gái ánh trăng" lớp đêm - Ai luôn mong được đắm mình trong hào quang của những "ánh mặt trời" lớp ngày và cô đã kết thân với Min. Ai quyết định giả làm học sinh lớp ngày, cùng với Min, họ trải qua những tháng ngày vui vẻ nhất và vô tình cùng mến mộ một chàng trai. Hào quang vụt tắt khi vỏ bọc mỏng manh của Ai bị phát hiện, cuốn Ai vào vòng xoáy của tình yêu, tình bạn và những trăn trở ngọt ngào lẫn chông chênh của tuổi thanh xuân.CÔNG CHÚA BĂNG GIÁ VÀ XỨ SỞ TRONG GƯƠNGĐạo diễn: Andrey Korenkov, Alexey TsitsilinThể loại: Hoạt Hình, Phiêu LưuPhim xoay quanh công chúa băng giá Ila - con gái của Nữ hoàng Tuyết đang cai trị tại vùng đất Gương. PHIM ĐIỆN ẢNH NINJA RANTARO: GIẢI CỨU QUÂN SƯ - KĐạo diễn: Masaya FujimoriDiễn viên: Mayumi, Minami TAKAYAMAThể loại: Hài, Hành Động, Hoạt Hình, Phiêu LưuSau khi thầy Doi chấp nhận quyết đấu với Moroizumi Sonemon, ông đã mất tích không rõ tung tích. Khi nghe tin này, các thầy giáo cùng các học sinh lớp 6 lập tức tiến hành một cuộc tìm kiếm toàn diện. Giữa tình thế hỗn loạn, Kirimaru vô tình tìm được manh mối về tung tích của thầy Doi. Cùng lúc đó, trong khi nhóm học sinh lớp 6 đang ráo riết tìm kiếm, quân sư lạnh lùng của đội Ninja Dokutake - Tenki bất ngờ xuất hiện. Điều khiến mọi người kinh ngạc là khuôn mặt của Tenki lại giống hệt thầy Doi! Kẻ địch hùng mạnh đang ở trước mắt, các học viên Ninja của Học viện Nhẫn Thuật buộc phải thể hiện sự gắn kết mạnh mẽ mới có thể vượt qua thử thách chưa từng có này. Liệu Rantarou, Kirimaru và Shinbei có thể giải cứu thầy Doi thành công không?NGÀY XƯA CÓ MỘT CHUYỆN TÌNH (CHIẾU LẠI) – T16Đạo diễn: Trịnh Đình Lê MinhDiễn viên: Avin Lu, Ngọc Xuân, Đỗ Nhật Hoàng, Thanh Tú, Bảo Tiên, Hạo KhangThể loại: Tình cảm

Disney Countdown
Top 10 Pixar Shorts | Part 1

Disney Countdown

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 24, 2025 77:46


Get ready for a fun-filled, heartwarming, and laughter-packed episode of Disney Countdown with The Magical Millennial and The Dapper Danielle!

LOBBY Talks - Le podcast dédié à l'hospitality artisanale

Dans ce nouvel épisode, je reçois Céline Chung, co-fondatrice de Bao Family, une famille de cantine chinoise qu'elle a imaginé et commencé à façonner en 2018. Elle ouvre sa première adresse en 2019 et comptabilise désormais six restaurants entre Paris et Marseille. Dans cet épisode on revient sur son parcours, les étapes qui l'ont poussé à se lancer sur ce projet et les prochaines années de Bao. Une heure de conversation pour nous permettre de décortiquer la manière dont Céline a construit sa marque, embarqué sa communauté et développé son business. Une formule « craftée » comme on aimerait en voir plus souvent. Très bonne écoute à tous vous êtes sur Lobby Talks.-----------------Montage : Skying StudioHébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Polo Nerd
News del 19 marzo 2025

Polo Nerd

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 19, 2025 40:13


Questo mese Giuseppe vi accompagna tra le novità editoriali di Bao, Sergio Bonelli, Panini, Coconico, NPE e J-Pop Manga, senza dimenticare i succulenti trailer di The Last of Us 2, Lilo&Stitch ma anche molti videogame e aggiornamenti intriganti dal San Diego ComiCon!--Merchandising:http://store.polonerd.netPer sostenerci offrendoci uno o più caffèhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/polonerdSito, Mail e Contatti:redazione@polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.net/contattiPagina dell'episodio: https://www.polonerd.net/?p=1635

Coffee with BAO
Wisdom droplets over tea: Mind Over Matcha coming soon!

Coffee with BAO

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 17, 2025 0:42


Subscribe to Mind Over Matcha here: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/bao-vo-creative/What if a simple conversation over tea could change the way you see the world? Coming soon as a Youtube show and podcast, Mind Over Matcha is a space for everyday epiphanies—tiny droplets of wisdom that could change how you see the world. Hosted by artist and storyteller Bao Vo, this show blends curiosity, wisdom, and the meditative ritual of tea to explore the unconventional ideas, passions, and life lessons that shape us. The slower, more intentional followup to Coffee with BAO, Mind Over Matcha invites you to steep in new ways of thinking. Take what you need, and leaf the rest.

DermSurgery Digest
March 2025: Surgical Oncology and Reconstruction

DermSurgery Digest

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 13, 2025 67:42


In this episode of the DermSurgery Digest, you'll hear a summary of the surgical oncology and reconstruction articles in the March 2025 issue of Dermatologic Surgery followed by commentary from special guest contributors Sherrif F. Ibrahim, MD, PhD, and Jordan Lim, MB, BCh, BAO. This podcast is hosted by Dermatologic Surgery Digital Content Editor, Naomi Lawrence, MD, and co-hosted by Michael Renzi, MD. Dermatologic Surgery is the official publication of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. In this podcast series the cosmetic and general dermatology articles in the March issue of Dermatologic Surgery are featured in a separate episode. Your feedback is encouraged. Please contact communicationstaff@asds.net.

Les Nuits de France Culture
Bao Dai, mémoire d'un ancien empereur partisan de l'indépendance du Vietnam

Les Nuits de France Culture

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 10, 2025 54:34


durée : 00:54:34 - Les Nuits de France Culture - par : Antoine Dhulster - Empereur du Vietnam alors qu'éclate la guerre de décolonisation de l'Indochine, Bao Daï est un acteur éminent de cette période troublée de l'histoire de son pays. Soumis aux décisions de la France et du Japon, puissances colonisatrices et du Vietminh d'Ho Chi Minh, il est in fine contraint à l'exil. - réalisation : Thomas Jost

DREAM CHASERS | Interviews with the Future
Dream Chasers: The Rise of the Jellyfish

DREAM CHASERS | Interviews with the Future

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 7, 2025 25:33


Rise of The Jellyfish shares the story behind their unique name, the importance of branding, and how mentorship (especially from Wongo (Box of Cats)) has shaped their career. They discuss launching their own label for sustainability, balancing music and business, and Edmonton's house music scene.They highlight the grind required to succeed, even for celebrities, and break down the year-and-a-half evolution of their track with FOOTWURK, "Wait." Collaboration efficiency, personal travel experiences (22 countries), and Edmonton's best food spot.The episode closes with "Wait" dropping April 11th on HustleTrax and a reminder to believe in yourself. Follow ROTJ on Spotify, Instagram, SoundCloud, and Twitch.Episode Show Notes & Timestamps – Interview with Rise of the Jellyfish0:00-1:20 – Introduction to the episode and ROTJ. The story behind their name, born from a bonfire conversation and inspired by SpongeBob.1:20-3:00 – The importance of a unique artist name for SEO and branding. ROTJ ensured their name stood out and wasn't already in use.3:00-6:30 – The value of mentorship. ROTJ has been mentored by Wongo (Box of Cats) for five years.6:30-9:30 – Advice for aspiring artists: Stay open to feedback and build a strong community. ROTJ has benefited from multiple mentors.9:30-12:00 – Mentorship extends beyond music to the business side. ROTJ runs their own record label.12:00-15:00 – The advantages of launching a label early: sustainability, career-pushing gigs, and diversifying income streams.15:00-17:30 – ROTJ is based in Edmonton, Alberta. A look at Canada's house music scene.17:30-20:00 – ROTJ's background: From university athlete to music artist. The importance of grinding and doing what others won't.20:00-22:00 – Even high-profile celebrities must put in the work to succeed in a new career.22:00-25:00 – The story behind ROTJ's track with FOOTWURK, "Wait," which evolved over a year and a half.25:00-28:00 – Collaboration process with FOOTWURK. Keeping creative exchanges efficient—aiming for a maximum of three sessions.28:00-31:00 – Get to know AJ: Travel experiences (22 countries) and family background.31:00-34:00 – Best thing to eat in Edmonton? Bao.34:00-35:00 – "Wait" drops on HustleTrax on April 11th.35:00-37:00 – Parting words of wisdom: Believe in yourself and acknowledge your accomplishments.37:00-39:00 – Where to find ROTJ: Spotify, Instagram, SoundCloud, and Twitch.39:00-end – Closing remarks and a call to action to follow Rise of the Jellyfish. 

CHEFS
CHEFS D'ENTREPRISE-S - CÉLINE CHUNG - Fondatrice de Bao Family

CHEFS

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 28, 2025 93:50


Si vous aimez la food et les histoires d'entrepreneurs, vous connaissez sûrement Céline Chung. Mais connaissez-vous vraiment les coulisses de son ascension fulgurante ? Comment est née son idée d'ouvrir un restaurant, et comment a-t-elle sauté le pas alors qu'elle n'avait aucune expérience dans le domaine ? Comment a-t-elle transformé ce premier pari en une success story avec six établissements ouverts en six ans ?Dans cet épisode de CHEFS d'entreprise-s, Céline nous raconte l'histoire de la Bao Family, de l'ouverture de Petit Bao à Paris jusqu'à l'expansion de ses restaurants à Marseille. Elle partage son parcours, les inspirations derrière ses concepts, mais aussi les défis rencontrés et l'importance de son association avec Billy Pham dans cette aventure.Elle nous parle de sa routine, de son emploi du temps des charnières qui l'ont vu passé par exemple d'entrepreneuse à chef d'entreprise (vous aviez déjà envisagé la nuance vous?). Céline Chung nous livre ici une masterclass sur l'entrepreneuriat, avec une grande humilité et en toute transparence!

Polo Nerd
News del 19 febbraio 2025

Polo Nerd

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 19, 2025 39:59


Sergio, alla guida delle news del mese, vi aggiorna sulle novità di Polo Nerd, sulle poche ma succulente uscite cartacee e sui tanti, tantissimi annunci e sorprese che riguardano gli altri media.Bonus: la data di inizio della nuova stagione!--Merchandising:http://store.polonerd.netPer sostenerci offrendoci uno o più caffèhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/polonerdSito, Mail e Contatti:redazione@polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.net/contattiPagina dell'episodio: https://www.polonerd.net/?p=1623

Healthy Matters - with Dr. David Hilden
S04_E08 - The MS Journey: From Symptoms to Solutions

Healthy Matters - with Dr. David Hilden

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 2, 2025 27:48 Transcription Available


02/02/25The Healthy Matters PodcastS04_E08 - The MS Journey: From Symptoms to SolutionsDid you know that 1,000,000 people in the U.S. alone are living with Multiple Sclerosis?  We've all likely heard of MS before, and many of us may even know someone with the condition, but there are always a lot of questions when it comes to these types of diseases.  Like, what's actually happening in the body?  What are typical symptoms?  And what help is there available to those living with it?Thankfully, we've got experts on hand to guide us through the basics.  On Episode 8, we'll be joined by Dr. Ali AlMoamen (MB, BCh, BAO), a board-certified neurologist at Hennepin Healthcare and a specialist in autoimmune conditions like MS.  He's helped many patients and their loved ones navigate this perplexing, and oftentimes scary condition, and has assisted them on their way to continuing to live a fulfilling life.  On this show, we'll take a look at the root causes of the condition, the challenges in diagnosing it, the current and forthcoming treatment options, and how we all can help anyone living with MS.  Please join us.Additional resources and information can be found on the National MS Society website.We're open to your comments or ideas for future shows!Email - healthymatters@hcmed.orgCall - 612-873-TALK (8255)Get a preview of upcoming shows on social media and find out more about our show at www.healthymatters.org.

VietnamPlus's Podcast
Chợ hoa Hàng Lược - nơi cất giữ nỗi nhớ Tết xưa của người Hà Nội

VietnamPlus's Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 19, 2025 10:12


Nằm giữa khu phố cổ trung tâm của Hà Nội, chợ hoa Hàng Lược là một địa danh nổi tiếng – một trong những nơi mà không khí Tết đến sớm nhất tại Thủ đô.Phiên chợ hoa Tết đã có hơn 100 năm tuổi này chính là chốn để nhiều người Hà Nội lớn tuổi tìm lại chính mình trong những ngày Tết xa xưa – khi còn là con trẻ, lon ton theo chân ông bà, cha mẹ đi dạo chợ, mua hoa, mua đào Tết.Bao nhiêu cái Tết trôi qua, bao nhiêu mùa Xuân đến, chợ hoa Hàng Lược đến hẹn lại họp với tất cả sự nhộn nhịp, náo nhiệt. Trong tiết trời giáp Tết có khi lạnh khô, có khi mưa phùn ẩm ướt, các loài hoa mùa Xuân rực rỡ, những chậu cây mang sinh khí tốt lành khiến lòng người xốn xang với những cảm xúc quen thuộc, vừa hoài niệm về quá khứ vừa tràn đầy hy vọng về tương lai./.

VOV - Sự kiện và Bàn luận
Vấn đề quốc tế - Hội nghị hẹp Bộ trưởng ngoại giao ASEAN 2025, định hình các ưu tiên nghị sự của ASEAN?

VOV - Sự kiện và Bàn luận

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 17, 2025 6:54


- Trong hai ngày cuối tuần này (18/1 và 19/1), Malaysia, nước Chủ tịch ASEAN 2025 sẽ chủ trì Hội nghị hẹp Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao ASEAN. Đây là hội nghị quan trọng, giúp định hình các ưu tiên nghị sự của ASEAN trong năm 2025. Với chủ đề “Bao trùm và Bền vững”, năm Chủ tịch ASEAN 2025, có ý nghĩa đặc biệt khi ASEAN kỷ niệm 10 năm xây dựng Cộng đồng ASEAN với ba trụ cột gắn kết về chính trị, liên kết về kinh tế và chia sẻ trách nhiệm xã hội. Đồng thời cũng là năm tạo sức sống mới cho Cộng đồng ASEAN khi các nhà lãnh đạo dự kiến thông qua Tầm nhìn Cộng đồng ASEAN đến năm 2045. Chủ đề : Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao, ASEAN

Spiderum Official
Saddam Hussein và hơn 20 năm nắm giữ quyền lực | Ф.Đăng | Thế giới

Spiderum Official

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 13, 2025 43:32


Video này được chuyển thể từ bài viết gốc trên nền tảng mạng xã hội chia sẻ tri thức Spiderum

Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas

It's the end of the year, and time for our annual holiday break here at Mindscape. But as usual, we wrap up with a Holiday Message. This year, inspired by Joni Mitchell's "Hits" and "Misses" albums, I go through my scientific papers and talk about some of my favorites -- some of which were hits, in terms of making an impact on subsequent research, and some of which were misses by that standard. But I love them all! It's an excuse to talk about process -- how papers come to be, from the initial informal idea to sitting down and doing the work.Support Mindscape on Patreon.Blog post with transcript: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2024/12/23/holiday-message-hits-and-misses/Here are links to the papers I discuss in the episode.S.M. Carroll, G.B. Field and R. Jackiw, 1990, "Limits on A Lorentz and Parity-Violating Modification of Electrodynamics,'' Phys. Rev. D 41, 1231. [pdf file; inSPIRE]S.M. Carroll, E. Farhi and A.H. Guth, 1992, "An Obstacle to Building a Time Machine,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 263; Erratum: 68, 3368. [pdf file; inSPIRE]S.M. Carroll, E. Farhi, A.H. Guth and K.D. Olum, 1994, "Energy-Momentum Restrictions on the Creation of Gott Time Machines,'' Phys. Rev. D 50, 6190; gr-qc/9404065. [arXiv; pdf; inSPIRE]S.M. Carroll, 1998, "Quintessence and the Rest of the World,'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3067; astro-ph/9806099. [arXiv; pdf; inSPIRE]S.M. Carroll, V. Duvvuri, M. Trodden, and M.S. Turner, 2003, "Is Cosmic Speed-Up Due to New Gravitational Physics?'' astro-ph/0306438. [arXiv; pdf; inSPIRE]S.M. Carroll and J. Chen, 2004, "Spontaneous Inflation and the Origin of the Arrow of Time'', hep-th/0410270. [arXiv, inSPIRE]L. Ackerman, M.R. Buckley, S.M. Carroll, and M. Kamionkowski, 2008, "Dark Matter and Dark Radiation," arxiv:0807.5126. [arXiv; pdf; inSPIRE]S.M. Carroll, M.C. Johnson, and L. Randall, 2009, "Dynamical Compactification," arxiv:0904.3115. [arXiv; pdf; inSPIRE]C. Cao, S.M. Carroll, and S. Michalakis, 2016, "Space from Hilbert Space: Recovering Geometry from Bulk Entanglement," arxiv:1606.08444. [arXiv, inSPIRE]C. Cao and S.M. Carroll, 2018, "Bulk Entanglement Gravity without a Boundary: Towards Finding Einstein's Equation in Hilbert Space," arxiv:1712.02803. [arXiv, inSPIRE]N. Bao, S.M. Carroll, A. Chatwin-Davies, J. Pollack, and G. Remmen, 2017, “Branches of the Black Hole Wave Function Need Not Contain Firewalls," arxiv:1712.04955. [arXiv, inSPIRE]See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The Pacific War - week by week
- 161 - Pacific War Podcast - Third Arakan Offensive - December 17 - 24 - , 1944

The Pacific War - week by week

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 17, 2024 46:02


Last time we spoke about the invasion of Mindoro. Ormoc fell on December the 10th. The 149th Regiment cleared the airstrip at Buri, while the Japanese launched a desperate attack on airfields, only to be repelled by American forces. Amid chaotic battles, the Japanese attempted maritime reinforcements, but their vessels were met with devastating American fire, sinking transports and crippling their efforts. By December 13, the American advance continued through heavy resistance, leading to intense skirmishes, showcasing bravery and the struggles faced on both sides during the conflict. On December 14, US troops of the 2d Squadron, 7th Cavalry, advanced against stubborn Japanese defenses near Limon. While under fire, they strategically pushed forward, capturing enemy positions and equipment. Despite heavy artillery, Troop G utilized flamethrowers and close combat, overcoming formidable foxholes, helping to secure vital ground. Meanwhile, Admiral Nimitz prepared for future invasions, and General MacArthur postponed operations to protect his forces. The successful landings on Mindoro marked a pivotal moment, signaling the approaching assault on Luzon. This episode is the Third Arakan Offensive  Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  As we left off last week, General Bruce's 77th Division had effectively advanced to Linao and Cogon, securing Ormoc. Meanwhile, General Sibert's 10th Corps had pushed the weary Japanese forces in the north back to the Lonoy area, with both divisions preparing to continue their assaults through the Ormoc Valley toward Valencia, in line with General Krueger's strategy. To address the emerging situation, the 68th Brigade was mobilizing to support the 1st Division, while the 5th and 77th Regiments were making their way to Huaton to participate in a counteroffensive against Ormoc; however, only the 77th Regiment would reach its destination in time. Concurrently, the isolated 16th Division in the central Leyte mountains was gradually withdrawing from the Burauen front, losing strength with each passing day, and the 26th Division was gathering north of Talisanyan to prepare for the final retreat to Ormoc. On December 16, with the port secured, Bruce's forces were poised for the next stage of their advance north along the Ormoc corridor. Given that his patrols reported minimal enemy resistance west of Highway 2, Bruce aimed to encircle the Japanese forces from the east with the 306th and 307th Regiments, while the 305th would advance along the highway. Following this plan, the 305th Regiment quickly eliminated the remaining enemy positions in Cogon and proceeded 400 yards north of the road junction toward Tambuco. Meanwhile, the 307th swiftly moved through the neighborhoods of Jalubon, Liloan, Bao, and Catayom to San Jose, where they encountered and defeated two platoons of paratroopers. The 306th Regiment also advanced to Jalubon but then shifted north toward Tipic to bypass Huaton and directly assault Valencia. Looking north, while the 126th and 127th Regiments fought bravely against an enemy that restricted the division's progress to just a few dozen yards each day, the 12th Cavalry Regiment continued its advance toward Lonoy. Ultimately, the successful American assault on December 16 left the Japanese defenses exposed, prompting General Suzuki to alter his offensive strategy once more, immediately directing his forces to conduct a delaying action to facilitate a final retreat toward Libongao. Meanwhile, Bruce intensified his attack on December 17. As a result, the 305th Regiment encountered stiff resistance while attempting to reach Tambuco. The Japanese had constructed defensive positions along Highway 2 in the southern part of Ormoc Valley. At the road junction of Highway 2 with the road to Liloan were many trenches three to four feet deep and parallel to the highway. Trenches had also been dug along the sides of a machine gun emplacement that occupied a slight elevation commanding Highway 2 both to the north and to the south. On both sides of the road from Cogon to Catayom foxholes lined Highway 2, in the ditches and under the shacks. Some of these positions were dug on a slant and were six to seven feet deep. At Tambuco the foxholes extended along the highway for 400 yards, with machine gun emplacements on the sides of the foxholes. Other positions along Highway 2 consisted of poorly integrated foxholes and machine guns that covered the road. The field artillery pieces between Tambuco and Catayom were placed along the highway, with the exception of a 75-mm. gun that guarded a bridge and was well concealed inside a roadside shack. At 0830 on 17 December the 305th Infantry moved out along Highway 2. At 1000 the 1st Battalion reported that it was advancing at the rate of 100 yards every ten minutes against light opposition. By 1145 the 305th Infantry was fighting through Tambuco. At a road junction just north of Tambuco, it eliminated some enemy resistance and the advance slowed down. The regiment moved forward to a point about 300 yards north of the road junction and established its night perimeter, which extended 300 yards to the northeast along the Tambuco-Dolores road in order to forestall any Japanese counterattacks from that direction. On the same day the 306th Infantry pushed its attack northeast at 0800. The advancing troops almost immediately encountered Japanese who, apparently taken by surprise, were unable to offer organized resistance. At 1040, when the forward elements were 1,000 yards southwest of Cabulihan, the opposition stiffened and the regimental commander therefore committed the 3d Battalion on the left of the 2d Battalion. The advance continued. As the regiment neared Highway 2, resistance became more intense. The 306th Infantry encountered the Japanese who were fleeing northwest from the assault of the 305th Infantry and the heavy artillery that accompanied it. (Unknown to the Americans, General Suzuki and his staff were among the retreating Japanese. Suzuki succeeded in escaping to Libongao, where he established a new headquarters for the 35th Army.) At 1440 the 306th Infantry reached Highway 2 between Catayom and Cabulihan and proceeded north toward Cabulihan, its objective. Advance elements of the 3d Battalion reached the outskirts of the town but withdrew three or four hundred yards to take advantage of more commanding terrain. After combat patrols had cleared the area, the 306th Infantry established its night perimeter five hundred yards south of Cabulihan at 1600.  General Bruce had ordered the 307th Infantry to remain in San Jose until further notice. Since the guerrilla forces had reported a large number of Japanese in the area, General Bruce had made arrangements to soften the sector with an aerial bombardment and artillery fire before the infantry attack. In response to Bruce's request, fifteen P-40's from the V Fighter Command had been made available by General Whitehead for an air strike against the Valencia area. The 155-mm. guns of the 226th Field Artillery Battalion at Daro began firing on Valencia and the airstrip on the morning of 17 December and hit a Japanese ammunition dump. At 1245 the artillery fire was halted for the air strike, and for fifty minutes the area was bombed and strafed. With the conclusion of the air attack, at 1335, the artillery began anew to pound the area. "The medium artillery . . . reached out from Ormoc and the 'Long Toms' . . . from Daro joined in the fighting." In the meantime the 902d Field Artillery Battalion moved forward to a point from which it could support the advance of the 307th Infantry. At 1415 the artillery fire stopped and the 307th Infantry moved out astride the San Jose-Valencia road toward Valencia. Though the artillery fire and aerial bombardment had driven some of the Japanese from the area, a strong well-equipped force, including a number of paratroopers, remained to oppose the 307th Infantry. The regiment pushed forward, however, and at 1640 its leading elements were on the southwestern edge of the airstrip and within 1,000 yards of Valencia. The 307th Infantry formed its night perimeter on the edge of the airfield and made preparations to continue the attack on 18 December. During 17 December, despite the disorganization of the Japanese forces, Colonel Imahori of the 12th Independent Infantry Regiment tried to reach Ormoc, but he was unsuccessful. A few enemy artillery shells landed in the Ormoc area but that was all. General Bruce wrote later: "The men got a laugh because the General's latrine, unoccupied, was struck. He wished about that time that he had remained up front which he had reached by landing in a cub plane on an unimproved jungle road." The following morning, as supplies and ammunition for the 306th and 307th Regiments were running dangerously low, Bruce dispatched an armored column through the 305th's lines, which bypassed enemy strongholds and successfully delivered supplies to both regiments. The 305th Regiment then faced minimal resistance as it advanced toward Huaton, with its 3rd Battalion decisively eliminating all enemy opposition along the Dolores road. Simultaneously, the 306th Regiment steadily pushed toward Valencia, successfully reaching the southern edge of the town, while the 307th secured the airstrip without any resistance. As General Gill directed his forces northward, the 126th Regiment successfully seized a ridge east of the road, advancing closer to the main enemy defensive line located north of Lonoy. On the morning of December 19, the 126th launched another offensive, overrunning numerous enemy positions and advancing 200 yards before being replaced by fresh troops the following day. Meanwhile, the 12th Cavalry encountered only light and sporadic resistance in its efforts to secure Lonoy, although its 2nd Squadron faced tougher opposition while assaulting a knoll southeast of the barrio. To the south, following the fall of Valencia, the 5th Regiment reached Libongao just as Bruce prepared to press forward in the northern campaign. Thus, the 307th Regiment steadily advanced north along Highway 2, engaging an advanced battalion from the Takahashi Detachment, while the 306th moved successfully northwest across the terrain to a position 300 yards south of the Palompon road. On this day, Suzuki received news of the enemy's invasion of Mindoro, along with General Yamashita's orders to conduct a strategic delay on Leyte. In response, he commanded all his forces to begin a gradual withdrawal towards Palompon, leaving Libongao for Matag-ob. On December 20, the 306th Regiment reached the Palompon road and dispatched its 1st Battalion west towards the Togbong River, while the 3rd Battalion turned east towards Highway 2. At the same time, the 307th Regiment launched an assault on the Libongao positions and successfully defeated the 5th Regiment, compelling the Takahashi Detachment to retreat towards Matag-ob, where they established Suzuki's final delaying position. Additionally, as the exhausted 126th Regiment was relieved, the 12th Cavalry began moving south from Lonoy to intercept the enemy's retreat route at Kananga. On December 21, as the 1st and 102nd Divisions began their withdrawal towards Palompon, the 12th Cavalry successfully captured Kananga and established contact with patrols from the 77th Division. Consequently, Highway 2 was finally open from Ormoc to Pinamopoan, and the Ormoc Valley, where the Japanese had fiercely resisted the American advance, was now firmly under the control of the 6th Army. General Mudge, commanding general of the 1st Cavalry Division, said of the 12th Cavalry: “As a result of the stout-hearted efforts of the 12th Cavalry Regiment, elements of the Division are within 2500 yards of making contact with forward elements of the 77th Division. Considering the fact that the regiment has been reduced to 50% strength by the rigors and deprivations of 40 days in the mountains, the display of courage, stamina, and drive on the part of the 12th Cavalry is a credit to the best traditions of the United States Cavalry.” However, we must now shift our focus from the Philippines to Burma to follow the progress of Operation Capital.  Previously, while General Sultan's offensive in the north was advancing well, General Slim's eastern push, led by General Rees' 19th Indian Division, encountered less resistance than anticipated. This indicated that the enemy was rapidly retreating to stronger defensive positions behind the Irrawaddy River. As a result, Slim's strategy to encircle General Katamura's 15th Army on the Shwebo Plain was compromised, necessitating a significant adjustment to his offensive. His forces, stretched from Tamu, were at risk of counterattack while attempting to cross one of the most formidable river barriers. Therefore, Slim aimed to find a way to not only cross his troops over the Irrawaddy without major issues or interference but also to gain the decisive advantage needed to engage the Japanese on his terms, targeting them where their defenses were weakest. In just a few days, Slim and his team devised a new strategy known as Operation Extended Capital. The objective was to convince the Japanese that nothing had altered and that the 14th Army's advance was still primarily directed toward Mandalay, with its two corps crossing the Irrawaddy to the northwest of the city. The core of Slim's revised plan involved General Stopford's 33rd Corps, which, bolstered by the 19th Division and the 268th Tank Brigade, would maintain its planned crossing of the Irrawaddy north of Mandalay. Meanwhile, General Messervy's restructured 4th Corps would tactically cross the river much farther south in Pakokku, allowing them to launch attacks on Meiktila and Thazi, crucial points along General Kimura's communication lines that supported both the 33rd and 15th Armies. The towns of Meiktila and Thazi represented ground that was vital to the enemy defense, a concept 14th Army had first learned painfully in Arakan. The railway and main road from Rangoon ran through Meiktila before bending north on their way to Mandalay, and the town formed a natural location for supply and ammunition dumps, airfields and hospitals. If Slim could cut off both Honda and Katamura's corps from this vital logistical center, the Japanese ability to resist General Stopford's inexorable pressure in the north around Mandalay would be fatally weakened. Slim recognized that without Meiktila, Kimura could not hope to sustain a prolonged battle for Mandalay. Indeed, it might even prove to be the decisive act in the destruction of the whole of Kimura's army. Thus, the northern advance by 33rd Corps would be a deception to hide the decisive strike by 4th Corps to the south. If Slim could attract the greatest possible number of enemy divisions towards the northern crossing points (where, after all, Kimura expected him to strike), he could minimize opposition to the real focus of his attack in the south. This would provide Slim with, as he put it, ‘not only the major battle I desired, but the chance to repeat our old hammer and anvil tactics: 33rd Corps the hammer from the north against the anvil of 4th Corps at Meiktila – and the Japanese between.' Simultaneously, a new offensive was gearing up in the south. Unable to execute Operation Dracula, an intended amphibious assault on Rangoon, Admiral Mountbatten was resolved to initiate an offensive in the Arakan region. Codenamed Operation Romulus, it aimed for General Christison's 15th Corps to again attack Akyab, marking the third attempt to regain Arakan since the war began. Christison's strategy involved a three-pronged attack into northern Arakan, with Major-General George Wood's 25th Indian Division advancing on the right along the coast, Major-General George Bruce's 82nd West African Division in the center within the valley of the Mayu river, and Major-General Frederick Loftus-Tottenham's 81st West African Division on the left in the Kaladan river valley. Expecting heightened Japanese resistance along the Donbaik-Rathedaung-Myohaung line, Christison suggested that while his three frontline divisions engaged the Japanese forces with aggressive attacks, Brigadier Peter Young's 3rd Commando Brigade would land in the Japanese rear on the Myebon peninsula, followed closely by Major-General Cyril Lomax's 26th Indian Division, in a bid to finally capture Akyab. Facing them was General Sakurai's 28th Army, which included the Sakura Detachment, organized around three infantry battalions from the 55th Division along with the 55th Reconnaissance Regiment, stationed along the Godusara-Buthidaung-Kindaung line and the Kaladan Valley. Lieutenant-General Miyazaki Shigesaburo's 54th Division was responsible for defending the remainder of the Mayu Peninsula and the coastal area extending to Taungup. Meanwhile, Lieutenant-General Sakuma Ryozo's diminished 55th Division occupied the Irrawaddy Delta region, and Major-General Yamamoto Tsunoru's 72nd Independent Mixed Brigade was positioned near the oilfields at Yenangyaung. Additionally, the Katsu Force, centered around the 153rd Regiment, was near Yenangyaung, while the Rangoon Defense Unit, which included the Rangoon Anti-Aircraft Unit and various logistical elements, was tasked with protecting Burma's primary port. Sakurai's strategy, known as Operation Kan, entailed a defensive stance on the Mayu Peninsula and Yenangyaung, along with safeguarding the southwestern coast near Bassein against potential amphibious assaults. As the defenders slowed the enemy's progress towards their fortified positions, the 54th Division would be promptly sent to launch a counteroffensive. Depending on the nature of the attack, units from the 55th Division and Katsu Force would also participate in this counterattack. If a significant battle erupted near Rangoon, the reserve 2nd and 49th Divisions would be deployed without delay. Meanwhile, with the 26th Division being withdrawn for rest, the 25th Division preparing to move towards Rathedaung, and the 82nd Division advancing into the Kalapanzin Valley, the 81st Division was dispatched on October 1 to progress through the Mowdok Mountain Range toward Kyauktaw. As they moved southward across challenging and nearly impassable terrain, the West Africans expected to capture Mowdok by October 18, effectively eliminating the last Japanese forces from Indian territory before progressing through the Kaladan Valley. The 55th Reconnaissance Regiment stationed at Paletwa endured multiple assaults until early November, at which point they received orders to retreat to the Kaladan line. On December 15 the Japanese launched a strong attack with artillery support against the 6th (West African) Brigade. Private Kweku Pong, number two on a Bren, was wounded and separated from his section. Well armed with 12 magazines, he engaged the Japanese with short bursts for hours as they searched for him, until he eventually lost consciousness from loss of blood. Havildar Umrao Singh's gun section of the 30th Mountain Regiment was supporting the brigade when it was overrun and his officer badly wounded. With two other men he defended the position with rifles, bayonets and grenades until they were rushed and he defended it by swinging a rammer until borne down and bayoneted. The Japanese were eventually driven off when both men were found; Singh was awarded a VC and Pong an MM. Slim never changed his view that Africans would be ‘lost' without British guidance; but he probably never heard of Kweku Pong, who found himself alone, badly wounded in the middle of the night with Japanese rampaging through the bush around him and a battle going on behind. No white man was there to tell him what to do, no African NCO nor any other African for that matter. Nobody would have blamed him for lying doggo, but instead he showed considerable courage and good tactical sense. For this action, the 5th Gold Coast Regiment was awarded the unique honor ‘Tinma'.  Meanwhile, by late November, Wood had sent the 51st Indian Brigade to assist the African offensive in the Kalapanzin Valley. After successfully completing this mission, the 25th and 82nd Divisions launched their assault on Buthidaung on December 12. Wood's strategy involved a series of coordinated moves, with units leapfrogging one another, while the pace of the advance depended on how fast the sappers could repair the routes for the subsequent vehicles. Significantly outnumbered, Major-General Sakurai Tokutaro's troops were ultimately forced to evacuate Buthidaung on December 14. In response to the escalating enemy pressure in both the Kaladan and Mayu regions, the 28th Army ordered the Matsu Detachment, consisting of three battalions from the 54th Division, to take over control of the Kaladan front, while Major-General Koba Tomotoki's forces advanced toward Tinma. However, Loftus-Tottenham wisely decided to outflank this position, compelling the recently arrived detachment to withdraw, while other African units successfully made their way to Kyauktaw by the month's end. At the same time, the 53rd Indian Brigade progressed along the Kalapanzin River, and the 82nd Division managed to overcome strong resistance at Kindaung village in late December. On the night of December 21, the 6th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Regiment undertook a night march exceeding 20 miles to capture Donbaik, which was taken without resistance. It was only at this point that the remains of the Valentine tanks and crews lost two years prior were discovered. The Sakura Detachment, having reached its limit, had no option but to retreat towards Myohaung, where they would be supported by the Matsu Detachment during their final withdrawal to Prome. With no opposition encountered, the two West African divisions successfully made contact on January 4, resulting in the complete clearance of the Kalapanzin valley. Meanwhile, looking north, Slim had initiated Operation Extended Capital on December 19. In line with this, Stopford instructed the 19th Division to advance along the west bank of the Irrawaddy to launch an attack on Shwebo from the east, while the 2nd British Division, having crossed the Chindwin at Kalewa, approached Shwebo from the west. After capturing Shwebo, the 19th Division was to pivot eastward to secure bridgeheads across the Irrawaddy north of Mandalay, while the 2nd Division continued south towards the Irrawaddy bend near Sagaing. Slim aimed to create the impression that the entire 14th Army was advancing on Mandalay by associating the 19th Division with the 4th Corps. Additionally, the 20th Indian Division was tasked with crossing the Chindwin at Kalewa and moving downstream to capture Monywa. Meanwhile, Messervy was organizing his dispersed divisions to commence their advance down the Gangaw valley, from Tamu to Pakokku. In the lead would be the Lushai Brigade and the 28th East African Brigade, tasked with clearing the enemy from Gangaw and subsequently advancing to Pakokku. The tour de force of deceptions against the Japanese would aid the crossing of the Irrawaddy. Slim's intention behind the plan, known as Cloak, was to conceal the main crossing until the last possible moment by persuading the Japanese to believe that the force preparing to move down the Gangaw valley to cross the river near Pakokku and seize Meiktila was merely making a feint to distract attention from the attack on Mandalay by 33rd Corps from the north. Until now 14th Army's commanders had been reluctant to use any but the simplest signals deceptions, but now they were enthusiastic even to the detriment of operational communications. Thus, three schemes were adopted: Pippin, which covered the withdrawal of the 5th Indian and 11th East African Divisions; Stencil, which created a dummy 4th Corps Headquarters that appeared to control formations under 33rd Corps; and Cloak, which was designed to give a false impression of the forces operating – that the forcing of the Irrawaddy would take place away from the real main effort, and that any movement the Japanese saw in the Gangaw valley was itself only a diversion. There is no doubt the speed the advance into central Burma achieved was in no small measure due to this deception scheme, which also used political channels, displays and deception devices dropped by Mosquitos and Beaufighters. Following them, the 7th Indian Division aimed to capture Pakokku, secure the west bank of the Irrawaddy, and establish a bridgehead across the river. Once this bridgehead was established, the 17th Indian Division and the 255th Tank Brigade would cross the Irrawaddy and race towards Meiktila. However, before initiating this advance, Messervy needed to enhance the pathway through the valley to facilitate the movement of his artillery and armored units. The Lushai Brigade, already forward, also needed artillery support before launching their assault on Gangaw. Therefore, while Messervy's engineers promptly began upgrading the road and track south of Kalemyo, only Stopford's units would engage in combat in late December. Moving swiftly, the advance elements of the 2nd Division, along with the tanks from the 254th Brigade, passed through Pyingaing on December 23 and continued towards Paga, successfully overcoming several rearguard positions held by elements of the retreating 33rd Division, which eventually reached Monywa in early January. At the same time, the 19th Division captured Wuntho and began its advance southward towards Shwebo. In the meantime, Messervy's engineers worked diligently for two weeks to prepare the track, and by the end of the month, his field artillery was en route to Gangaw. The 28th East African Brigade departed Imphal on December 22, followed by the 7th Division four days later. However, in the northeast, Sultan continued his northern offensive with minimal success. With the Ledo Road now extended from Kamaing to connect with the Myitkyina-Bhamo road, the 112th and 113th Chinese Regiments received orders to eliminate the Japanese rear guards along the final segment of the road to China. In the period between the split of the CBI Theater in October 1944 and the fall of Bhamo on 15 December, the Ledo Road engineers under General Pick brought the survey of the Ledo Road from a point just below and east of Kamaing, 211 miles from Ledo, to a juncture with the Myitkyina-Bhamo road. The Ledo Road was to bypass Myitkyina, for there was no point to running heavy traffic through an inhabited place, and Myitkyina's supply needs could be served by an access road. Metaling and grading were complete almost to Mogaung. The Mogaung River had been bridged near Kamaing, and a temporary bridge placed across the Irrawaddy. Tonnage carried on the road for use within Burma was steadily rising. In early October it had carried 275 tons a day; by the latter part of the month the rate was twice that. Immediately after Bhamo's capture, the advance headquarters of the road engineers was moved to that town. A combat supply road was made from Mogaung, below Myitkyina, to a point just ten miles west of Namhkam. The 113th Regiment advanced up the valley along the established road from Panghkam, while the 112th proceeded through the hills. The primary assault was to be led by the 30th Chinese Division, with its 90th Regiment advancing straight along the road toward Namhkam, while the 88th and 89th Regiments executed a shallow envelopment to the south of the road. Although conditions were favorable for a rapid advance into the Shweli valley, the commander of the 90th Regiment hesitated, causing delays along the flanks, as they formed the center of the Chinese line. Concurrently, Sultan ordered the Mars Task Force to embark on a challenging march through the hill country to the Mong Wi area, aiming to cut off the Burma Road near Hosi and effectively encircle the enemy 33rd Army. The 50th Chinese Division, which had been following the 36th British Division down the Railway Corridor, was set to occupy the vacated positions at Tonkwa and Si-u. Its objective was to cross the Shweli near Molo and proceed southeast to capture Lashio. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Amidst fierce battles, General Bruce's troops advanced against Japanese forces in Leyte, securing key positions and paving the way for further assaults amid strategic retreats. In a strategic deception, Slim's forces advanced on multiple fronts, aiming to outmaneuver the Japanese, ultimately leading to decisive victories in Burma and weakening enemy defenses.

Kings and Generals: History for our Future
3.130 Fall and Rise of China: Long March

Kings and Generals: History for our Future

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 16, 2024 31:46


Last time we spoke about the Fujian Rebellion of 1933. In the midst of political turmoil, the 19th Route Army, once vital in campaigns for Chiang Kai-shek, found itself at odds with his leadership during Japan's invasion of Shanghai in 1932. Facing internal rebellion and external threats, Chiang Kai-Shek prioritized fighting the Communists over the Japanese. The 19th Route Army, disillusioned, resisted both Japan and the CCP but ultimately faced betrayal when Chiang Kai-Shek forced them into civil conflict in Fujian, deepening divisions within China. In 1933, Chiang Kai-shek faced opposition for his appeasement of Japan, leading the 19th Route Army, frustrated by his inaction, to plot a coup. Under Chen Mingshu's leadership, they sought alliances against Chiang Kai-Shek but struggled amid civil war pressures and Red Army conflicts. On November 20, they declared the People's Revolutionary Government in Fuzhou, aiming to unify against Japanese aggression. However, lack of support led to rapid failure; by January 1934, Chiang's forces crushed the rebellion, and its leaders fled, marking the end of the Fujian Revolution.   #130 The Long March Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. As we saw 2 episodes ago, the CCP had been taken over by the 28 Bolsheviks and Otto Braun who initiated a dramatic offensive strategy for the Red Army. Unfortunately this also came during the 5th encirclement campaign. This resulted in repeated defeats for the Red Army and the gradual shrinking of the Soviet area. In April 1934, the Central Red Army engaged in a decisive battle against the Nationalist Army in Guangchang, Jiangxi Province, suffering severe losses and now faced a critical situation. As the NRA's grip tightened, the Red Army and the Central Committee of the CCP sought new strategies. With offensive tactics no longer feasible, the Red Army considered alternative approaches to navigate its current challenges. One overarching strategy involved co-opting the NRA by harnessing nationalistic sentiment to form a united front against the Japanese. The leadership of the Red Army hoped that by identifying a common enemy, they could temporarily alleviate the conflict with the KMT. In July 1934, they attempted to implement this strategy by deploying the Seventh Red Army Corps to western Fujian to join the 10th Red Army, commanded by Su Yu. This combined force was labeled the Anti-Japanese Vanguard Column to attract Nationalist support; however, the propaganda effort failed. The NRA subsequently obliterated the Red Army Column, resulting in the death or execution of most of its members. Approximately 800 survivors escaped and regrouped as a guerrilla unit under Su Yu, continuing to fight independently until the establishment of the Second United Front in 1937. Another breakout occurred on July 23, 1934, when the 6th Red Army Corps, operating from the Hunan-Guangdong border, traversed Hunan and joined forces with the Third Red Army, forming the Second Front Red Army, led by He Long, on October 22, 1934. It is uncertain whether either operation impacted the KMT. The escalating costs and ongoing casualties placed a heavy burden on the Red Army, complicating its ability to maintain its position. A secure new location was essential for the Red Army to reorganize, resupply, and recruit personnel. In August 1934, Bo Gu and Otto Braun secretly decided to abandon the Jiangxi Soviet. Their initial plan was to head southwest towards Hunan, seeking friendlier territory and aiming to connect with the 2nd Front Red Army. While the precise whereabouts of the 2nd Front Red Army were unclear, the leadership considered Hunan the most probable destination and devised a route to reach it. Meanwhile, the rest of the Red Army intensified its recruitment efforts, raised funds, and gathered supplies. On the night of October 10, 1934, the leadership of the Red Army issued marching orders to the 1st Front Red Army, which advanced southwest in two columns, consisting of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th, and 9th Red Army Corps. The total strength of this force was about 87,000 soldiers. Many of these soldiers were unaware that it would be their final sight of the Jiangxi Soviet, as most believed they were simply executing another maneuver to outflank the KMT and strike at its rear. A contingent of 16,000 troops, including several wounded soldiers like their leader Chen Yi, remained in Ruijin to defend against and delay the KMT forces, providing the First Front Red Army with the necessary time to depart unnoticed. Thus, began what has famously been called the Long March. The first few days of the Long March were relatively calm. The Red Army steered clear of significant confrontations with the NRA forces and easily maneuvered through a gap in the encirclement. Previously, Zhou Enlai had brokered a truce with the Guangdong and Guangxi warlords involved in the Extermination campaign, allowing the Red Army safe passage through the region. Meanwhile, the Red Army troops remaining in Ruijin fiercely resisted the NRA, effectively masking the fact that the main force had already departed. Until November 8, Nationalist newspapers claimed that the Red Army was nearly annihilated. The 1st Front Red Army traveled at night, using small trails to evade detection and attacks from the air. The troop formation included the 1st and 9th Red Army Corps on the left flank, the 3rd and 8th Red Army Corps on the right, with leadership and logistical units positioned in the center, while the 5th Red Army Corps provided rear guard support. The Red Army employed porters to transport heavy equipment, such as printing presses, X-ray machines, and currency. Additional porters carried litters for the wounded and key leaders. During this period, several Red Army leaders, including Zhou Enlai, were unwell or injured, while others, like Mao Zedong, rested in litters during the day after long nights of planning. By mid-November 1934, the NRA learned that the Red Army had broken free from their encirclement and was heading westward, prompting them to pursue. Observing the Red Army's movements, Chiang Kai-shek and the NRA leadership inferred that southern Hunan was likely their destination, so they deployed troops accordingly. The Red Army advanced rapidly to the west, aiming to cross the Xiang River before the NRA could catch up. On November 27, 1934, the Red Army reached Daoxian and launched an assault on the NRA blockhouses guarding the Xiang River crossings. They quickly overran these defenses and began moving troops across the river. However, the central column of the Red Army, hindered by heavy equipment and injured soldiers, fell behind the main force. On November 28, the NRA struck the rear elements of the Red Army before they could reach the river. For 5 days, the Red Army engaged in a fierce rear guard action, trying to disengage from the NRA and successfully cross the river. By December 2, 1934, all Red Army units had successfully crossed the Xiang River, albeit at a significant cost. The Red Army lost over two divisions from the 3rd and 5th Red Army Corps, leaving just over 30,000 soldiers remaining in their ranks. Furthermore, much of the Army's heavy equipment and supplies were abandoned along the way to lighten their load. After the Red Army crossed the Xiang River, it continued to evade direct confrontations with the NRA. The challenging battle at the Xiang River had a profound impact on the Red Army, leading to a rise in desertions as soldiers recognized that the movement had turned into an exodus from Jiangxi. Many porters responsible for transporting heavy equipment also began to leave during the night, especially while navigating the difficult, muddy trails in the mountains. The Red Army made several attempts to head north to join He Long and the 2nd Front Red Army, but each time, they found their routes blocked by the NRA. As a result, they altered their plans and headed west toward Guizhou, aiming to reach Sichuan and connect with the 4th Front Red Army to establish a new Soviet. Upon arriving in Liping, Guizhou province, the Red Army leadership decided on December 18th to advance north toward Zunyi in pursuit of their goal in Sichuan. Initially, Guiyang, the provincial capital, was the intended destination, but it had been fortified with seven NRA divisions. In contrast, Zunyi appeared to be a more feasible target as the second-largest city in the province, defended only by local Guizhou forces. On January 1st, 1935, the Red Army began its march toward Zunyi, crossing the Wu River under heavy fire from Guizhou provincial troops. Within three days, they successfully crossed the river and continued toward Zunyi. On January 7, the Red Army launched an attack on Zunyi, which fell two days later. Following the capture of the city, the Red Army initiated a recruitment drive, adding 30,000 new recruits to its ranks. To enhance its mobility, they buried or abandoned much of their heavy equipment. The Red Army had originally planned to remain in the area for an extended period to refit, reorganize, and bolster their forces. The staff of the Central Cadre Unit's Red Army Medical School seized the opportunity to conduct a week-long course on basic first aid for soldiers. However, local conditions hindered any long-term presence. The area's primary crop was opium, useful for barter but inadequate for sustaining the Red Army. Additionally, the city's position along a river bend restricted the Red Army's escape routes in the event of an NRA attack. Given these challenges, Communist leadership convened a conference to deliberate on their military strategy. The conference held on January 15th, 1935, marked a pivotal moment in Communist history. In attendance were Politburo members, including Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yun, Zhou Enlai, Luo Fu, and Bo Gu, along with Liu Bocheng, Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, Peng Dehuai, and Otto Braun. The primary focus of the meeting was the unsuccessful military strategy employed during the 5th Extermination Campaign. Bo Gu and Zhou Enlai opened the discussion, both acknowledging their mistakes and accepting responsibility for the failures. Mao Zedong followed with a sharp critique of the strategy's use of "short, swift thrusts" and the lack of cooperation with the Fujian 19th route NRA Army. The conference continued for three more days, during which much of the Red Army leadership criticized Bo Gu and Otto Braun's approach, aligning themselves with Mao. By the end of the meeting, key leaders of the CCP and Red Army had distanced themselves from the 28 Bolsheviks, effectively making Mao Zedong the de facto leader of the CCP, despite not being formally elected to any new position at Zunyi. A significant change was the disbanding of the triumvirate leadership of Bo Gu, Otto Braun, and Zhou Enlai. Zhu De and Zhou Enlai were assigned to lead the Red Army, which then moved towards Sichuan to connect with the 4th Front Red Army. Departing Zunyi, the Red Army comprised four army corps: the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 9th Red Army Corps, although all were considerably smaller than before. The total strength of the 1st Front Red Army was approximately 35,000 soldiers. The army advanced north through Tongzi, gathering gold and opium to procure food and supplies for the journey. The 1st Army Corps, led by Lin Biao, took the lead in searching for a route to cross the Yangtze River. While attempting to secure a crossing near Chishui, the remainder of the Red Army engaged in a fierce battle with a Sichuan NRA force near Tucheng. The fighting escalated to such a degree that Mao Zedong ordered Lin Biao and his corps to return and assist. Ultimately, on January 29th, 1935, the Red Army lost contact with the enemy and abandoned its plan to cross the Yangtze River, instead retreating west to Zhaxi in Yunnan province to evade NRA forces. However, this provided only a temporary reprieve, as more NRA troops moved west into Sichuan, covering all potential crossing points along the Yangtze. Faced with limited options, Mao proposed an audacious plan on February 7th: the Red Army would split into separate columns and head back east into Guizhou to mislead the NRA, then reunite and proceed southwest into Yunnan to find a safer crossing point over the Yangtze. Executing this plan, the Red Army conducted a series of feints, diversionary attacks, and deception operations to confuse NRA leadership, as well as some of its own ranks. Mao Zedong aimed to create an opening for the Red Army to escape into Yunnan and cross the Yangtze in the Jinsha River area. The Red Army began moving east, achieving victories over the NRA, such as at Loushan Pass, where they captured about a division's worth of personnel and equipment. They continued eastward, seizing the city of Maotai and acquiring additional gold and opium for trade. In March 1935, Mao was appointed as the political commissar of the Red Army, with Zhu De serving as the commander-in-chief. His leadership role was further solidified when he was included in the triumvirate Military Council alongside Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang. Mao Zedong then initiated a deception operation, sending the 9th Red Army Corps north as a feint toward the Yangtze River, intending to reinforce NRA intelligence assessments. Chiang believed that these erratic movements indicated the Red Army was preparing for a decisive battle. Consequently, he relocated his NRA headquarters to Guiyang and deployed nearly all of Guizhou's NRA forces to the Yangtze area to encircle and eliminate the Red Army. This deployment inadvertently opened a north-south corridor in Guizhou, allowing the Red Army to move south towards Guiyang, which was now vulnerable due to the concentration of NRA forces along the Yangtze. Capitalizing on these fears, Mao sent additional Red Army units toward the provincial capital. In response, Chiang hurriedly redirected NRA forces from Yunnan to bolster defenses in Guiyang, thus creating yet another escape route for the Red Army. The Red Army swiftly exploited this corridor and advanced into Yunnan. They employed a similar feint tactic as used in Guiyang, deploying units from the 1st Red Army Corps to threaten Kunming. With the main Yunnan forces still occupied in Guiyang, the Yunnan government was forced to reallocate its frontier and militia troops to defend the capital, thus opening one final corridor for the Red Army to escape through a crossing at the Jinsha River. By April 1935, the Red Army had executed one of its most daring maneuvers, evading the NRA forces by making a sweeping maneuver into Yunnan. Despite this strategy, the Red Army still needed to cross the Yangtze River. One section of the river, known as the Jinsha River, flows from Tibet through Yunnan to Sichuan and offered excellent crossing points for the Red Army. On April 29th, Mao Zedong identified three crossing locations. The 1st Red Army Corps was assigned to cross in the north at Longjie, while the 3rd Red Army Corps would cross in the center at Hongmen. The Central Cadre Unit was designated to use the southern crossing point at Jiaopingdu. Meanwhile, the Fifth and Ninth Army Corps were tasked with rear guard operations and would cross at the nearest crossing point. Although the 1st and 3rd Red Army Corps struggled to secure their crossing locations, the Central Cadre Unit successfully acquired seven boats, established security on both riverbanks, and commenced a ferrying operation that would last nine days. Consequently, the 1st and 3rd Red Army Corps abandoned their original crossing points and moved to Jiaopingdu. The 3rd Red Army Corps crossed on May 7th, followed by the 1st Red Army Corps the next day. The 5th Red Army Corps maintained its rear guard before quickly crossing at Jiaopingdu on May 9th. Upon reaching Sichuan, the weary Red Army troops began to contemplate their next steps. After nearly nine months of travel, with minimal rest and significant losses, the Red Army's numbers had dwindled to around 25,000 soldiers, with much of their heavy equipment abandoned along their retreat route. They attempted to seize Huili but were met with fierce resistance from the 24th NRA Division. Outside the city, Red Army leaders held a conference on May 12th and resolved to continue north through Sichuan, aiming to cross the Dadu River to join forces with the 4th Front Red Army. As the Red Army advanced through the territory of the Yi minority, they faced hostility from the Yi people, who harbored animosity toward the Han and attacked straggling Red Army soldiers, stealing their weapons and clothing and leaving many to perish. Fortunately, Liu Bocheng and his vanguard unit from the 1st Red Army Corps negotiated a truce with the Yi, securing safe passage in exchange for promises of equal land rights and treatment after the war. On May 23rd, the Red Army reached Anshunchang along the Dadu River. Their initial attempts to cross by ferry were thwarted by strong NRA defenses on the opposite bank, and they only managed to secure three boats, which were insufficient for a crossing. On May 27th, Red Army leaders decided to take a calculated risk and dispatched troops northward to seize Luding Bridge. This iron-chain suspension bridge, located along a challenging trail through the mountain passes, crossed the Dadu River. In a remarkable act of bravery, the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division, 1st Red Army Corps, led by Yang Chengwu, marched nearly 100 miles in under 3 days to secure the bridge. Despite facing a defending NRA brigade on sheer cliffs, the 4 Regiment acted swiftly and captured the bridge amid constant gunfire, with only 18 of the 22 men who launched the final assault surviving. Their sacrifice allowed the Red Army to evade the main KMT force and successfully cross the Dadu River, ultimately establishing themselves in Hualingping for refitting operations. However, the challenges for the Red Army persisted even after crossing the Dadu. They were still unaware of the 4th Front Red Army's location, with one possible area being directly north behind the Jiajin Mountains. To avoid detection from NRA forces or ambushes by Tibetans, Mao opted for a central walking trail through the Jiajin Mountains rather than the more accessible eastern and western routes. For many survivors of the Long March, the leg through the Jiajin Mountains proved to be the most arduous and challenging segment. The Red Army soldiers faced hunger, cold, thirst, avalanches, and the high altitude as they attempted to traverse the snow-capped peaks with little more than the clothes on their backs. On June 12th, the first units of the Red Army arrived at Danwei, located at the northern foot of the Jiajin Mountains. By June 14th, the remaining soldiers descended from the mountains and linked up with Li Xiannian, a liaison officer from the 4th Front Red Army. Approximately 10,000 soldiers endured the harsh conditions and made it down the mountain. Thankfully, they rejoined their fellow Red Army comrades, allowing them to take a much-needed rest. On June 18, 1935, the 1st and 4th Front Red Armies finally connected at Lianghekou. The Fourth Front Red Army fared significantly better than its counterpart, having originated from the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet before relocating to the Shaanxi-Sichuan border and settling in northwest Sichuan in March 1935. Their forces numbered nearly 80,000, surpassing the 1st Front Red Army. Some soldiers from the 1st Front looked on with admiration and envy at the robust condition of the 4th Front soldiers and their horses. On June 26th, the leadership of both armies convened to discuss their future movements. Mao Zedong proposed advancing north to Gansu, then heading east toward Ningxia, with the ultimate goal of reaching Mongolia to establish communication with the Soviet Union. Conversely, Zhang Guotao suggested moving west to Xinjiang, aiming to connect with the Soviet Union via the Central Asian Republics. Beneath these military discussions lay political maneuvering as both Mao Zedong and Zhang Guotao sought to assert dominance over the Red Army. Ultimately, both sides maintained cordial relations and established a unified strategy and command. The Red Army was set to advance north to southern Gansu to establish a Soviet presence in the border areas. Zhang Guotao was appointed vice-chairman of the Military Council. By June 30, the 1st Front Red Army had moved into the Grasslands, with Zhang Guotao and the 4th Front Red Army following a day later. The meeting at Lianghekou did not resolve the political tensions between the factions led by Zhang Guotao and Mao Zedong, and these conflicts intensified over time. While Zhang Guotao continued to advocate for a westward movement toward Xinjiang, he also sought to recruit key leaders from the 1st Front Red Army to support his cause, but to no avail. Mao Zedong remained steadfast in his commitment to the agreed plan to proceed to Gansu and took measures to prevent any subversion from Zhang Guotao's camp. Tensions escalated during a conference at Maoergai on August 6th. The Red Army had arrived at Maoergai the previous day to rest and reorganize. According to one account, Mao Zedong held the meeting in the neighboring town of Shawo, securing the location ahead of Zhang Guotao arrival. As the sole representative from the 4th Front Red Army on the Politburo and Central Committee, Zhang Guotao intended to introduce additional representatives to enhance his influence, but they were unable to bypass security. This infuriated Zhang Guotao, highlighting the political maneuvering at play. Another account claims the meeting took place at Zhang Guotao's 11th Red Army Division headquarters, with his loyal soldiers ensuring that Mao Zdong could not undermine him. Regardless, no agreements were reached during this meeting. A second meeting was held on August 20th at Maoergai, resulting in a negotiated settlement. The Red Army remained under the command of Zhu De but was divided into two columns. The Right Column included the 1st and 3rd Red Army Corps, led by Lin Biao and Peng Dehuai, respectively, and also incorporated the 13th and 3th Red Armies from the 4th Front. Mao, Zhou Enlai, Bo Gu, and Otto Braun traveled with the Right Column. The Left Column comprised the remainder of the 4th Front Army, along with the 5th and 9th Red Army Corps, and was led by Zhang Guotao and Liu Bocheng, with Zhu De accompanying them. Both columns would advance north while skirting the Grasslands, with the Left Column heading toward Aba and the Right Column toward Baxi. Once the plan was finalized, they began their movement into the Grasslands on August 23rd. In the Grasslands, the Red Army encountered conditions as challenging as those in the mountains. This region was home to a minority population, and the Tibetan locals were just as hostile as the Yi had been, attacking and killing many stragglers. Food sources were scarce, and many Red Army soldiers were unfamiliar with edible plant species. Water supplies were also limited, as most sources were stagnant and contaminated. The soldiers ended up consuming wheat kernels, which severely upset their digestive systems. The trailing units faced even greater difficulties, as the vanguard troops turned the dirt paths into muddy pits, leaving little food for foraging. The Right Column reached Baxi on August 27th, suffering heavy losses during the week-long trek; the 3rd Red Army Corps alone lost 400 soldiers. The Left Column progressed more slowly and arrived in Aba about a week later. Once they exited the Grasslands, the Red Army faced another internal struggle that threatened their retreat. On September 3rd, Zhang Guotao sent a wireless message to Mao Zedong and the Right Column, stating that his forces were stationed at Aba and that the White River, north of Aba, was impassable. Mao Zedong urged Zhang Guotao to adhere to the Maoergai decision and even offered additional troops to assist in crossing the river, which Zhang Guotao politely declined. On September 9th, Mao Zedong learned of a secret message Zhang Guotao had sent to his aide in the Right Column. Zhang Guotao wanted the Right Column to move back south through the Grasslands to reunite the two columns and convene a meeting to discuss a new strategy, indicating an intention to initiate an intraparty power struggle. Fearing that Zhang Guotao would use his superior numbers to impose his strategy on the Red Army, the 1st and 3rd Red Army Corps quietly departed Baxi and continued north to Gansu. This approximately 8,000-strong force arrived at Ejie and held an emergency conference. The Red Army reorganized its forces as the Anti-Japanese Vanguard Force to garner support from the local population. They also issued a “Resolution Concerning the Mistakes of Comrade Zhang Guotao,” reprimanding his actions without expelling him from the Communist Party. On September 14th, the Red Army continued north and captured the Lazikou Pass, defeating two of Zhang Guotao's forces as he and his 4th Front Army moved south toward Chengdu. Zhang Guotao was furious upon discovering that Mao Zdong and his loyal Red Army troops had left without notice, but he chose not to pursue them and instead redirected his troops toward Chengdu. The 4th Front Red Army achieved initial victories in October 1935 against the NRA at Baoxing and Tianquan, coming within sixty miles of the Sichuan provincial capital. In response to this threat, Chiang Kai-shek dispatched over 80 NRA regiments to defend Chengdu. The NRA launched a counteroffensive at Baizhang, inflicting heavy losses on the Fourth Front Red Army, which retreated in disarray back to Ganzi in western Sichuan province, where they would remain until they linked up with the 2nd Front Army in June 1936. As the 4th Front Army moved south toward Sichuan, the Red Army completed the final stage of its arduous journey. On September 21st, 1935, Mao Zedong and the Anti-Japanese Vanguard arrived in Hadapu, a Han city in Gansu province. The soldiers rejoiced at being among their own ethnic group and took a few days to rest. During their stay, Mao Zedong and other leaders of the Red Army learned that a Soviet force, led by Liu Zhidan, a friend of Mao Zedong, was present in northern Shaanxi, supporting the 25th and 26th Red Armies. 10 days later, the Anti-Japanese Vanguard left Hadapu and swiftly moved west to avoid the NRA's Muslim cavalry units, aiming to connect with their allied units in Shaanxi. On October 19, 1935, Mao Zedong joined forces with the 25th and 26th Red Armies and settled near Wuqi. The remnants of the 1st Front Red Army had completed their year-long, 6,000-mile journey with approximately 4,000 soldiers. Once they reached the relative safety of Shaanxi, the Red Army reverted to its traditional strategy of political mobilization to gather resources, recruit new members, and propagate the communist revolution. On February 5th, 1936, the 1st Front Red Army moved east to carry out political mobilization efforts. Over the following two months, the Red Army defeated seven provincial divisions, capturing more than 4,000 soldiers. They also recruited 8,000 new members, raised $300,000 in revenue, and added 20 counties in Shanxi to their new Soviet. In May, the 1st Front Army advanced westward for a two-month operation, acquiring over 2,000 rifles and 400 horses, thereby expanding the Soviet's reach into Gansu and Ningxia. However, these efforts were ultimately thwarted by NRA forces, compelling the Red Army to relocate from Wuqi to Bao'an in June 1936. In October 1936, the 2nd and 4th Front Armies finally reached Bao'an, marking the completion of the Long March for the Red Army. With all three units reunited, the Red Army War College reopened in Dengjiaqiao, with Liu Bocheng eventually returning to lead it. Additionally, the Red Army military school began training in Tai'erwan. From 1934 to 1936, the Red Army evaded annihilation through a combination of courage, determination, and fortunate circumstances. Enduring harsh conditions and traversing some of China's most challenging terrain to escape the NRA and provincial forces, the Red Army demonstrated remarkable resilience. Mao Zedong skillfully navigated the political landscape within the Red Army, emerging as its supreme leader. The Communists also capitalized on the challenges facing the NRA and KMT leadership. The Red Army effectively utilized Chiang Kai-Sheks inability to exert full control over his subordinate warlords and their military units to avoid unnecessary confrontations. Upon reaching Shaanxi in late 1935, the survivors of the Long March were not only battle-hardened by their experiences but also carried valuable lessons learned from previous campaigns. In the relative security of the new Soviet, the Red Army expanded its ranks and resumed training and mobilization efforts. The Red Army had survived its greatest challenge to date and was poised to develop into the professional military force that would ultimately defeat the NRA and overthrow the KMT government. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Thus not only did the Red Army escape death at the hands of the NRA, but the experience of the Long March would actually contribute to the downfall of the NRA. Mao Zedong had emerged a top figure in the CCP and now would oversee it and the Red Army's future development until the ultimate clash with Chiang Kai-Shek for the future of China.

Polo Nerd
Una conversazione su ZeroCalcare. Con Matteo Boni

Polo Nerd

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 16, 2024 93:16


L'importanza di Zerocalcare nel panorama fumettistico italiano, nella cultura pop (e non solo), è innegabile ed evidente, al punto che Matteo Boni ha deciso di scriverci un saggio.Ne approfittiamo per averlo come ospite e parlare con lui dell'arte e della produzione di Michele Rech sotto vari punti di vista.Un finale di stagione da non perdere!  (Ehi? E l'episodio di Lucca? Ascoltate questa puntata fino alla fine e avrete le vostre info) Ricordatevi di rispondere al questionario per aiutaci a definire le future stagioni!Basta andare a questo link--Merchandising:http://store.polonerd.netPer sostenerci offrendoci uno o più caffèhttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/polonerdSito, Mail e Contatti:redazione@polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.nethttps://www.polonerd.net/contattiPagina dell'episodio: https://www.polonerd.net/?p=1591

DermSurgery Digest
December 2024

DermSurgery Digest

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 9, 2024 88:37


In this episode of the DermSurgery Digest, you'll hear a summary of original articles, reconstructive conundrums and communications featured in the December 2024 issue of Dermatologic Surgery, published by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Contributors to this podcast include: Naomi Lawrence, MD, Dermatologic Surgery Digital Content Editor; Michael Renzi, MD, DermSurgery Digest Co-host; Monica Boen, MD; Deirdre Connolly, MD; Deirdre Hooper, MD; Isabela Jones, MD; Erica Leavitt, MD; Jordan Lim, MB, BCh, BAO; Jameson Loyal, MD; Megan McClean, MD; Ardalan Minokadeh, MD, PhD; Pooja Rambhia, MD; Shayna Rivard, MD; and Alexander Valiga, MD.In this podcast, surgical oncology and reconstruction articles are presented first and general dermatologic surgery and cosmetics articles follow, beginning at 41:27. Your feedback is encouraged. Please contact communicationstaff@asds.net.

Heather du Plessis-Allan Drive
Emily Ansell: Newstalk ZB reporter on Tingjun Cao being found guilty of murdering Christchurch real estate agent Yanfei Bao

Heather du Plessis-Allan Drive

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 4, 2024 3:23 Transcription Available


Chinese national Tingjun Cao has been found guilty of murdering Yanfei Bao. The Christchurch woman's body was found in a shallow grave this year - more than a year after going missing. Cao killed Bao after a private property viewing - before trying to dispose of evidence and leave the country. Newstalk ZB's Emily Ansell has been at court. She says the jury deliberated for just over an hour-and-a-half on Cao's guilt. "He left as he walked in this afternoon - with his hands behind his back, his head slightly down, he seemed silent, he seemed quiet throughout the jury reading out their verdict." LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

VOV - Chương trình thời sự
THỜI SỰ 18H CHIỀU 24/11/2024: Chuyến thăm chính thức Malaysia của Tổng bí thư Tô Lâm tạo động lực mới trong việc củng cố và phát triển quan hệ Việt Nam – Malaysia trong giai đoạn mới

VOV - Chương trình thời sự

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 24, 2024 56:50


- Chuyến thăm chính thức Malaysia của Tổng bí thư Tô Lâm tạo động lực mới trong việc củng cố và phát triển quan hệ Việt Nam – Malaysia trong giai đoạn mới- Phiên họp toàn thể lần thứ 11 Nghị viện quốc tế vì Bao dung và Hòa bình tìm kiếm các giải pháp hòa bình, hòa giải và bao dung cho khu vực và thế giới- Chủ tịch Quốc hội Trần Thanh Mẫn phát biểu tại phiên họp, khẳng định Việt Nam ủng hộ việc thúc đẩy giải quyết các xung đột và tranh chấp quốc tế bằng các biện pháp hòa bình, không đe dọa hoặc sử dụng vũ lực, tuân thủ luật pháp quốc tế và Hiến chương Liên hợp quốc- Tổng thống Cộng hòa Bulgari Rumen Radev và Phu nhân đến Hà Nội, bắt đầu thăm chính thức Việt Nam theo lời mời của Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam Lương Cường- Diễn đàn Lắng nghe nông dân nói nhằm khơi thông nguồn lực đất đai, hướng tới mục tiêu NetZero, bảo vệ môi trường nông nghiệp, nông thôn- Tiếp cận thông tin hữu ích giúp bà con dân tộc thiểu số ở Kon Tum thay đổi tư duy, nếp nghĩ, cách làm- Cộng đồng quốc tế lo ngại nguy cơ xung đột lan rộng khắp châu Âu sau những diễn biến mới trong cuộc xung đột Nga- Ukraine- COP 29 thông qua khoản tài trợ 300 tỷ đôla một năm để các nước đang phát triển ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu. Đây được xem là bước tiến quan trọng trong cuộc chiến chống lại tình trạng nóng lên toàn cầu- Nhật Bản đối diện với tình trạng thiếu thuốc chữa bệnh trầm trọng Chủ đề : tổng bí thư, tô lâm --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/vov1thoisu0/support

Talks from the Hoover Institution
Critical Issues In The US-China Science And Technology Relationship

Talks from the Hoover Institution

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 7, 2024 91:56 Transcription Available


The Hoover Institution Program on the US, China, and the World held Critical Issues in the US-China Science and Technology Relationship on Thursday, November 7th, 2024 from 4:00 pm - 5:30 pm PT at the Annenberg Conference Room, George P. Shultz Building.  Both the United States and the People's Republic of China see sustaining leadership in science and technology (S+T) as foundational to national and economic security. Policymakers on both sides of the Pacific have taken action to promote indigenous innovation, and to protect S+T ecosystems from misappropriation of research and malign technology transfer. In the US, some of these steps, including the China Initiative, have led to pain, mistrust, and a climate of fear, particularly for students and scholars of and from China. Newer efforts, including research security programs and policies, seek to learn from these mistakes. A distinguished panel of scientists and China scholars discuss these dynamics and their implications. What are the issues facing US-China science and technology collaboration? What are the current challenges confronting Chinese American scientists? How should we foster scientific ecosystems that are inclusive, resilient to security challenges, and aligned with democratic values?  Featuring Zhenan Bao is the K.K. Lee Professor of Chemical Engineering, and by courtesy, a Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Material Science and Engineering at Stanford University. Bao directs the Stanford Wearable Electronics Initiate (eWEAR). Prior to joining Stanford in 2004, she was a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff in Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies from 1995-2004. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1995. Bao is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Inventors. She is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Science. Bao is known for her work on artificial electronic skin, which is enabling a new-generation of skin-like electronics for regaining sense of touch for neuro prosthetics, human-friendly robots, human-machine interface and seamless health monitoring devices. Bao has been named by Nature Magazine as a “Master of Materials”. She is a recipient of the VinFuture Prize Female Innovator 2022, ACS Chemistry of Materials Award 2022, Gibbs Medal 2020, Wilhelm Exner Medal 2018, L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award 2017. Bao co-founded C3 Nano and PyrAmes, which produced materials used in commercial smartphones and FDA-approved blood pressure monitors. Research inventions from her group have also been licensed as foundational technologies for multiple start-ups founded by her students. Yasheng Huang (黄亚生) is the Epoch Foundation Professor of Global Economics and Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He also serves as the president of the Asian American Scholar Forum, a non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting open science and protecting the civil rights of Asian American scientists. Professor Huang is a co-author of MIT's comprehensive report on university engagement with China and has recently contributed an insightful article to Nature on the US-China science and technology agreement. For more information, you can read his recent article in Nature here. Peter F. Michelson is the Luke Blossom Professor in the School of Humanities & Sciences and Professor of Physics at Stanford University. He has also served as the Chair of the Physics Department and as Senior Associate Dean for the Natural Sciences. His research career began with studies of superconductivity and followed a path that led to working on gravitational wave detection. For the past 15 years his research has been focused on observations of the Universe with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, launched by NASA in 2008. He leads the international collaboration that designed, built, and operates the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on Fermi. The collaboration has grown from having members from 5 nations (U.S., Japan, France, Italy, Sweden) to more than 20 today, including members in the United States, Europe, China, Japan, Thailand, South America, and South Africa. Professor Michelson has received several awards for the development of the Fermi Observatory, including the Bruno Rossi Prize of the American Astronomical Society. He is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He has served on a number of advisory committees, including for NASA and various U.S. National Academy of Sciences Decadal Surveys. In 2020-21, he co-directed an American Academy of Arts and Sciences study, Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships, that identified the benefits of international scientific collaboration and recommended actions to be taken to address the most pressing challenges facing international scientific collaborations. Glenn Tiffert is a distinguished research fellow at the Hoover Institution and a historian of modern China. He co-chairs Hoover's program on the US, China, and the World, and also leads Stanford's participation in the National Science Foundation's SECURE program, a $67 million effort authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 to enhance the security and integrity of the US research enterprise. He works extensively on the security and integrity of ecosystems of knowledge, particularly academic, corporate, and government research; science and technology policy; and malign foreign interference.  Moderator Frances Hisgen is the senior research program manager for the program on the US, China, and the World at the Hoover Institution. As key personnel for the National Science Foundation's SECURE program, a joint $67 million effort authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, Hisgen focuses on ensuring efforts to enhance the security and integrity of the US research enterprise align with democratic values, promote civil rights, and respect civil liberties. Her AB from Harvard and MPhil from the University of Cambridge are both in Chinese history.  ​

Hacking Chinese Podcast
222 - Student Q&A, November 2024: Pros and cons of digital tools for Chinese reading, and the struggle to find comprehensible and interesting texts

Hacking Chinese Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 4, 2024 16:59


Is reading digitally in Chinese better than on paper? What are the best digital tools for reading? And what should you do if you can't find texts that are both interesting and at the right level? #learnchinese #reading #faq #digital #paper #tools #comprehensible #engaging Link to article on Hacking Chinese: Student Q&A, November 2024: Pros and cons of digital tools for Chinese reading, and the struggle to find comprehensible and interesting texts: https://www.hackingchinese.com/student-qa-november-2024-pros-and-cons-of-digital-tools-for-chinese-reading-and-the-struggle-to-find-comprehensible-and-interesting-texts/ Chinese reading challenge, November 2024: https://www.hackingchinese.com/chinese-reading-challenge/ The 10 best free Chinese reading resources for beginner, intermediate and advanced learners: https://www.hackingchinese.com/10-best-free-chinese-reading-resources-beginner-intermediate-advanced/ How technology can help you learn Chinese: https://www.hackingchinese.com/technology-makes-learning-chinese-easier/ How technology can stop you from learning Chinese: https://www.hackingchinese.com/technology-can-stop-learning-chinese/ Pleco: https://www.pleco.com/pleco Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters: https://www.hackingchinese.com/review-the-outlier-linguistics-dictionary-of-chinese-characters-with-discount-code/ Hanping: https://www.hackingchinese.com/hanping DuChinese: https://www.duchinese.net/ Chairman's Bao: https://www.thechairmansbao.com/ MyLingua: https://www.mylingua.world/landing/hackingchinese/ The new paperless revolution in Chinese reading: https://www.hackingchinese.com/the-new-paperless-revolution-in-chinese-reading/ Are authentic texts good for learning Chinese or is graded content better? https://www.hackingchinese.com/are-authentic-texts-good-for-learning-chinese-or-is-graded-content-better/ Learning Chinese through comprehensible input: https://www.hackingchinese.com/learning-chinese-comprehensible-input/ An introduction to extensive reading for Chinese learners: https://www.hackingchinese.com/introduction-extensive-reading-chinese-learners/ How to learn Chinese in the long term with intrinsic motivation: https://www.hackingchinese.com/how-to-learn-chinese-in-the-long-term-with-intrinsic-motivation/ Have fun learning Chinese or else… https://www.hackingchinese.com/have-fun-or-else/ More information and inspiration about learning and teaching Chinese can be found at: https://www.hackingchinese.com Music: "Traxis 1 ~ F. Benjamin" by Traxis, 2020 - Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (3.0)

Kings and Generals: History for our Future
3.123 Fall and Rise of China: Chiang-Gui War

Kings and Generals: History for our Future

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2024 33:17


Last time we spoke about the Chiang-Gui War. China was reunified, but not was all well in Camelot. Chiang Kai-Shek initially popular, faced opposition from various factions, including Northern warlords and rival generals. The KMT decided to relocate the capital from Beijing to Nanking, which sparked resistance from those attached to Beijing's rich history. The KMT then struggled with demobilizing the massive National Revolutionary Army, which had over 2 million troops. Chiang Kai-Shek aimed to reduce this number significantly but faced challenges, including discontent among warlords like Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan. Tensions escalated into the Chiang-Gui War, where Chiang defeated the Guangxi Clique led by Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi. This victory, however, did not end the turmoil as Feng and Yan formed an anti-Chiang coalition with Wang Jingwei. The struggle led to a dramatic showdown, culminating in the Taiyuan Conference where Yan Xishan was promoted to commander-in-chief, setting the stage for further conflict.   #123 The Central Plains War  Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. We last left off with basically every other big dog in China getting ready to gang up on Chiang Kai-Shek. Yan Xishan was now the commander in chief of an anti-chiang coalition with his deputy commanders being Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren and Zhang Xueliang….however Zhang Xueliang was nowhere to be found. During what has been referred to as the “telegram war” period, the Young Marshal had actually spent the entire time in Mukden frantically telegraming all the significant North Chinese warlords and generals to not join the anti-chiang movement.  To take a small sidestep. In the last episode I explained why Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and their Guangxi clique turned against Chiang Kai-Shek, but what motivations did someone like Feng Yuxiang and his Guominjun have to do so? A severe famine hit the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi, where Feng Yuxiang held power. This famine, which occurred in the 18th year of the Republic of China, is also referred to as the "Famine of the 18th Year of the Republic of China." Within Shaanxi, a year without any harvest is called a famine year, two consecutive years of poor harvest are also labeled famine years, and three consecutive years are considered a severe famine. During the 18th year of the Republic of China, the region faced an extreme famine with virtually no harvest for six consecutive seasons over three years. Some considered it a once-in-a-century event, while others claimed it was a disaster seen once in 300 years. According to modern historical records and newspaper reports, Shaanxi experienced drought in 1928, which caused poor summer wheat yields, while autumn and winter crops could not be planted due to a lack of rain. By 1929, the drought worsened. No rain fell from spring through autumn, drying up wells and rivers like the Jing, Wei, Han, and Bao. Most trees withered, and crops failed—summer harvests only amounted to 20%, and autumn yields were nonexistent. The famine was so severe that grass roots and tree bark became scarce, with the roads littered with corpses and countless people fleeing the area. According to a report by the Shaanxi Disaster Relief Committee on September 5 of that year, 91 of the province's 92 counties were affected by the drought. Except for a few counties along the Wei River that had some green crops, the rest were barren. Among the 91 counties, 24 were extremely severely affected, 27 severely affected, 15 moderately affected, and 25 slightly affected. The most severely hit areas included Chang'an, Wugong, Fengxiang, Fufeng, Qianxian, Qishan, Meixian, Xingping, Xianyang, Lintong, Weinan, Zhouzhi, and others. Out of a total population of over 9.4 million, 2.5 million people died of starvation, approximately 400,000 fled, and over 200,000 women were sold to other regions such as Henan, Shanxi, Beiping, Tianjin, and Shandong. Back in 1927, Chiang Kai-shek established the KMT's new government in Nanking. By June, Chiang and Feng Yuxiang succeeded in uniting the two Kuomintang warlord factions during the Xuzhou Conference. In February 1928, Chiang and Feng solidified their alliance by becoming sworn brothers. Before the launch of the "Second Northern Expedition," Chiang Kai-shek had control over the central KMT government and occupied affluent areas like Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou. Feng Yuxiang, on the other hand, controlled the impoverished and remote northwest, where transportation was difficult. He saw the Northern Expedition as an opportunity to expand his own influence, particularly eyeing Beijing and Tianjin for their wealth and strategic transportation routes. After the expedition, Chiang Kai-shek, concerned about Feng's growing power, exploited tensions between Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang. He ceded control of Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin to Yan Xishan, appointing him commander of the Beijing-Tianjin garrison and allowing his 3rd Army to enter Beijing. Feng's 2nd Army, however, was restricted to Nanyuan and denied entry into the city, which greatly displeased Feng. In response, he ordered his troops to retreat to Shandong and Henan, and feigned illness in Xinxiang, Henan, refusing to travel to Beijing. In the political realm Feng Yuxiang advocated for "civilian politics" and stood against dictatorship. Within the Kuomintang, he opposed Chiang Kai-shek's views, calling for the establishment of a clean government, promoting joint industrial development, providing aid to disaster victims, and fighting corruption. He also opposed salary increases for central government officials, argued for distributing leadership roles based on the strength of different factions, and rejected Chiang Kai-shek's dominance over party matters and the Nanjing government. These positions sharply conflicted with Chiang Kai-shek's ideas. After the success of the "Northern Expedition," Chiang Kai-shek proposed a reorganization of the army. This initiative sparked intense conflict between Chiang and Feng Yuxiang. On July 6, 1928, Chiang invited Feng, Yan Xishan, Li Zongren, and Bai Chongxi to a symposium in Beiping. However, Feng and other faction leaders strongly opposed Chiang's plan to reduce the army, leading to an unsatisfactory end to the meeting. On August 8, 1928, Chiang presided over the Fifth Plenary Session of the Kuomintang's Second Central Committee in Nanjing, where he sought to force the various factions to comply with his military reduction plan. Supported by the Guangdong-born members of the Central Committee, the proposal was passed, and the army reduction plan became part of the Kuomintang's official resolution. Feeling threatened by this plan, Feng traveled along the Longhai Railway, inspecting the Northwest Army, and held a commemorative military parade marking the second anniversary of the Northwest Army's Wuyuan Oath-taking Ceremony. In October 1928, after the reorganization of the Nanjing National Government, Chiang appointed Feng as Vice President of the Executive Yuan and Minister of Military Affairs, asking him to report to Nanjing immediately. Feng, however, refused, citing various excuses. Under increasing public pressure, Feng and other faction leaders were eventually forced to attend the demobilization meeting in Nanjing. On December 26, 1928, Chiang chaired a preparatory meeting for the demobilization conference, using factional politics to manipulate and divide his rivals. Feng proposed a "three haves and three demobilizations" plan, which was initially opposed by Yan Xishan and Li Zongren. Secretly, Chiang won over Yan, encouraging him to submit a proposal that would counter Feng's influence. When the National Demobilization Meeting convened on January 1, 1929, most attendees supported Yan's proposal over Feng's. The "Outline of the Procedure for the Demobilization Committee of the National Army" was passed, favoring Chiang's position. Eventually, Feng, Yan, and Li shifted from opposing each other to uniting against the demobilization process. In March 1929, as we saw in last episode, the Chiang-Gui War broke out. In order to concentrate military forces and eliminate the Guangxi clique, Chiang Kai-shek sent Shao Lizi and others to Huashan to win over Feng Yuxiang. They offered Feng the chance to continue cooperating with Chiang and send troops to help Chiang defeat Guangxi in exchange for the premiership of the Executive Yuan and the territory of Hubei and Hunan provinces. Feng agreed to Chiang's request on the surface. He then frequently deployed troops on the border between Henan and Hubei, hoping to seize the opportunity to send troops to occupy Wuhan when Chiang and Guangxi were both defeated. However, Chiang soon defeated the Guangxi clique, which increased Chiang Kai-shek's resentment and made the contradiction between Chiang and Feng irreconcilable. Now that pretty much covers Feng Yuxiang's motivations, but what about Yan Xishan? In January 1930, after Yan Xishan returned to Taiyuan from Zhengzhou, central Henan began to experience increasing turmoil. On February 10, Yan sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, urging a spirit of courtesy for the country's sake that they "share the burden" to resolve party conflicts. Chiang responded on February 12 with a telegram stating, "Revolution to save the country is an obligation, not a right. The country is in dire straits, and it is not the time for us to be arrogant." By February 21, Li Zongren, Huang Shaohong, Bai Chongxi, Zhang Fakui, and Hu Zongduo all stated supported Yan Xishan to be the commander-in-chief of the anti-chiang national army, navy, and air force. In many ways the issue was simply thrust onto him. Meanwhile Yan Xishan's army went to Peiping, current day Beijing, disarming the KMT forces there and setting up a HQ. With perhaps a stronger backing, Chiang Kai-Shek would have gone to war against the anti-chiang cabal much earlier, but was reluctant to do so now. The terrain was the difficulty, he would have to fight his way into Shandong, where the local sympathy rested on Feng Yuxiang. So for now he battled them through the use of diplomacy. Within the chaos, the CCP also managed to cut their own piece of the pie by capturing Changsha in late July. They would only hold the city for a few days however, before burning it down and fleeing. Early into the conflict Chiang Kai-Shek's attention was drawn to Manchuria. The Young Marshal had not made a move in either direction and he was sitting upon an army 200,000 plus strong. Where did his sympathies truly lie, everyone was waiting to see. Chiang Kai-Shek believed chances were slim the Young Marshal would rebel against him, he was not very much like his tiger of a father. Zhang Xueliang was a thinker, an idealistic and most importantly he had been an opium addict for a long time. Such a life conditioned the young man to be a lot more passive. Zhang Xueliang seemed to be looking to pledge himself to a real leader who could deliver salvation to China. But who was the better choice for him? Chiang Kai-Shek or Wang Jingwei? Chiang Kai-Shek did not wait for an official answer to this question he hastily announced that Zhang Xueliang was his new deputy commander in chief. Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan followed this up by offering Zhang Xueliang a place in the Peiping state council, yet Zhang Xueliang remained quiet until the middle of September. It was a real nail bitter for both sides, Zhang Xueliang had a large, decently trained and pretty well armed army, he would tip the tides for either side. The waiting game had Yan Xishan thinking strongly about pulling out of the coalition. In the meantime the war truly began to heat up in May when Chiang Kai-Shek swore a public oath to attack Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang. On May 11th, both sides began engaged another along a north and south front. The main battlefield in the north was centered around Henan with a secondary front in Shandong fought mainly along the Pinghan, Longhai and Jinpu railways. In the southern theater the fighting was fought mainly in the Yuezhou, Changsha and Xiangjiang river areas. To be more specific the anti-Chiang Kai-shek army organized a total of 8 war front areas: the Guangxi clique army was the 1st front, led by Li Zongren, going north from Hunan and heading towards Wuhan; the Northwest Army was the 2nd front, led by Feng Yuxiang, with Lu Zhonglin being responsible for the Longhai and Pinghan lines in Henan; the Shanxi Army was the 3rd front, led by Yan Xishan, with Xu Yongchang responsible for the Jinpu and Jiaoji lines and the eastern section of the Longhai line in Shandong; Shi Yousan's troops were the 4th front; the Northeast Army, which was designated by Zhang Xueliang, was the 5th front though whether he took up the post or not was yet to be seen; Liu Wenhui's troops were the 6th front; He Jian's troops were the 7th front, and Fan Zhongxiu's troops were the 8th front. The Northwest Army and the Shanxi Army, as the main forces, had been fully mobilized and marched to the Longhai, Pinghan, and Jinpu lines. Yan also appointed Shi Yousan as the chairman of Shandong Province, leading his troops to attack Shandong from Henan, and appointed Sun Dianying as the chairman of Anhui Province, attacking the Bozhou area of ​​Anhui. Altogether the Anti-Chiang forces were about 260,000 men strong The fighting kicked off in mid May. The strategy of the anti-Chiang army was for the first front army, the Guangxi army led by Li Zongren to march into Hunan and advance towards Wuhan; the second front army, the Northwestern Army of Feng Yuxiang, was responsible for the Longhai and Pinghan routes in Henan Province, and would attack Xuzhou and Wuhan respectively; the third front army, the Shanxi Army of Yan Xishan was responsible for the operations along the Jinpu and Jiaoji routes in Shandong Province. It would join Feng Yuxiang to attack Xuzhou, then advance southward along the Jinpu Line and attack Nanking; Shi Yousan was in charge of the Fourth Front Army, which would use its main forces to attack Jining and Yanzhou, and would use part of its forces to join the Third Front Army in the attack on Jinan; Zhang Xueliang's Northeast Army was designated as the Fifth Front Army, and efforts were made to jointly fight against Chiang Kai-shek, but again his status was still unknown; Liu Wenhui of Sichuan was appointed as the Sixth Front Army, and He Jian of Hunan was appointed as the Seventh Front Army. In order to encourage generals of non-directly affiliated units, Shi Yousan was appointed as the chairman of Shandong Province, Wan Xuancai as the chairman of Henan Province, and Sun Dianying as the chairman of Anhui Province. After this, Fan Zhongxiu was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Eighth Front Army. Chiang Kai-Shek deployed the NRA 2nd Corps led by Liu Zhi along the Longhai railway line; the 3rd Crops of H Chengjun was deployed on the Pinhan line; the 1st Corps of Han Fuju was deployed along the Jinpu line and Chiang Kai-Shek set up his HQ in Xuzhou to personally command forces. On May 11th, Chiang Kai-Shek issued his general attack orders, with the 2nd corps attacking Guide from Xuzhou. The two sides began clashing, with the KMT gaining the upper hand rather quickly as they held an advantage in air power. A NRA division led by Chen Jicheng occupied Mamuji due east of Guide. Then Liu Maoen defected to Chiang Kai-Shek handing his forces over at Ningling while also luring Colonel Wan Xuancai into a trap. This left Guide to be easily captured by Chiang's forces as the only other enemy division was that of Sun Dianying who withdrew to Bozhou. Although Chiang Kai-Shek had won technically the first major battle, his situation was not at all enviable.  After losing Guide, Yan Xishan urgently reinforced the Longhai Railway line area with divisions led by Yang Yaofang, Sun Laingcheng and Ji Hongchang. This saw Chiang Kai-Sheks forces suffer extremely heavy losses over the course of 10 days of fighting. Chiang Kai-Sheks forces were reeling from the fierce fighting and forced to retreat into the southwestern portion of Shandong. Along the Pinghan railway, Chiang Kai-Shek ordered He Chengjun's 3rd Corps to depart the Yancheng area and attack northwards. The 3rd Corps quickly found themselves fighting the northwest Army in the Linying and Xuchang areas. The 3rd Corps were trying to contain and isolate the northwest army who were currently receiving reinforcements along the Longhai line.  On May 25th, He Jians forces began occupying Linying and by Juny 7th Xuchang. At this time the Guangxi army invaded Hunan and by the 28th of May had taken Yongzhou, Qiyang, Hangzhou and Baoqing. On June 8th they took Changsha and Yueyang, with their vanguard entering Hubei. Feng Yuxiang took advantage of the situation to launch a full scale attack along the Pingham line. After two days of fighting, Chiang Kai-Sheks men were retreating south to Luohe. However, Feng Yuxiang made an error. His subordinates urged him to link up with the Guangxi army and attack Wuhan. Instead he ordered his forces to advance into eastern Henan where he might annihilate a large portion of Chiang Kai-Sheks army. Meanwhile Chiang Kai-Shek had suffered major defeats across the Longhai and Pingham lines and lost the key city of Changsha, his men were demoralized. By mid June Feng Yuxiang adjusted his battle plan and launched another offensive along the Longhai line as Chiang Kai-Shek came to Liuhe to supervise the battle. Chiang Kai-Shek tossed some of his elite divisions equipped with heavy artillery to attack Feng Yuxiang from Qixian to Taikang, hoping to seize Kaifeng and Chenliu. Yet he fell directly into a pocket-sized encirclement and his forces were battered. Over on the Jinpu line front, Yan Xishan had organized 6 divisions and 3 artillery regiments to perform an offensive against Jinan. They advanced south along the Jinpu line and formed two pincers against the city. Han Fuju knew he would lose considerable forces in a defense of the city and ended up simply pulling out to conserve his strength, handing Jinan over.  July brought significant change to the war. Over in Hunan, Chiang Kai-Shek organized 3 armies to counterattack Changsha; a naval fleet under Chen Skaokuan would assist them and he ordered the 8th route army under Jiang Hauangnai and Cai Tingkai to retake Hengyang. The Guangxi army could not focus on two fronts, so they abandoned Yueyang and Changsha to meet the enemy at Hengyang. The two sides fought bitterly in southern Hunan, but by July 4th the Guangxi army was forced to retreat to the province of Guangxi. Afterwards Chiang Kai-Shek's forces took Bozhou within the Longhai/Jinpu triangle area, effectively trapping forces led by Sun Dianying. On July 8th Chiang Kai-Shek diverted a bunch of divisions from the Longhai line to the Jinpu Line. By the end of the month Chiang Kai-Shek unleashed a general offensive along the Jinpu line. Feng Yuxiang retaliated by launching an offensive over the Longhai line trying to seize Xuzhou. Feng Yuxiang hoped by doing so he could unite the Jinpu and Longhai lines for a combined assault of Xuzhou. Chiang Kai-Sheks Longhai forces were quickly pushed back to an area south of Guide, but mother nature tossed a curveball. Colossal amounts of rain caused river floodings, forcing Feng Yuxiangs men to advance through mud greatly diminishing his supply lines. It was enough to give Chiang Kai-Shek time to stabilize the front as his offensive on the Jinpu line successfully recaptured Jinan by August 15th.  On August 21st Chiang Kai-Shek convened a meeting in Jinan where it was decided they would divert forces from the Jinpu line to the Longhai and Pinghan lines. They would focus the most on the Pinghan line while forces on the Longhai line would try to cut off the retreat of Feng Yuxiang's army. Chiang Kai-Shek even offered 200,00 yuan for the first unit to take Gongxian and 1 million yuan for the occupation of Luoyang and Zhengzhou. On September 6th, Chiang Kai-Shek unleashed another general offensive. Feng Yuxiang believed he had the numbers to win, so he deployed his forces pretty evenly over the Pinghan, Longhai and Zhengzhou fronts. He did urge Yan Xishan to try and help him out if his fronts could afford to spare units. Yet Yan Xishan sought to preserve his strength, and moved his Longhai forces to pull back north of the Yellow River. This action made linking up with Feng Yuxiang pretty much impossible. By the 17th Chiang Kai-Shek captured Longmen very close to Luoyang, effectively cutting off Feng Yuxiang's line of retreat heading west. Thus Feng Yuxiang had no choice but to retreat into northern Henan. Taking another sidestep, you may have noticed one of the largest players remains unmentioned, what about the Young Marshal? Back in March, Zhang Xueliang issued a telegram expressing his neutrality. This of course prompted Chiang Kai-Shek to personally call him, whence negotiations began. On June 10th, Li Shi and Zhang Xueliang discussed the conditions for him to send troops to help the NRA out. The first condition was 2 million yuan to cover the cost of deployment. On June 21st the KMT officially appointed Zhang Xueliang as deputy commander. The next day Zhang Xueliang telegramed everyone suggesting that both sides agree to a cease-fire and establish a buffer zone. In August Li Shi came to meet with Zhang Xueliang again, where the Young Marshal then demanded 5 million yuan for military use and a loan of 10 million yuan to stabilize the northeast economy. Chiang Kai-Shek agreed to the terms on the spot. Then Zhang Xueliang said if Chiang Kai-Shek could capture Jinan, he would send troops. As mentioned this occurred on August 15th. Thus Zhang Xueliang began speaking with his generals. Meanwhile on the other side, the Anti-Chiang leadership began establishing a competing government in Peiping in July whereupon they appointed many Fengtian clique members to be the heads of certain departments. Yet on September 2nd, Zhang Xueliang told Fu Zuoyi, a anti-Chiang representative that he did not support their Peiping government. Then Zhang Xueliang recalled all the Fengtian members they had appointed as officials.  Then on September 18th, Zhang Xueliang issued a telegram urging "all parties to stop fighting immediately to relieve the people's suffering and wait for Nanking to take action." At the same time, he dispatched Yu Xuzhong and Wang Shuchang with the 1st and 2nd armies of the Northeast Frontier Defense army to enter the pass. On October 9th, he officially took up office as the deputy commander for the NRA. Yan Xishan soon received word from forces in Tangshan that Zhang Xuliang was advancing, so he called for a meeting to figure out countermeasures. Zhang Xueliang then sent word to Yan Xishan that he should withdraw from occupied areas. Yan Xishan did indeed comply as Zhang Xueliang quickly occupied Ping and Tianjin without firing a shot. To maintain cordial relations with Yan Xishan, Zhang Xueliang had his army only advance into Hubei and Chahar, but left Shanxi alone. This prompted Yan Xishans forces to cross the Yellow River and retreat back into Shanxi using two routes.  Meanwhile a wave of defections to Chiang Kai-Shek began in late September, severely crippling the Pinghan line for Feng Yuxiang. Along the Longhai line, Chiang Kai-Shek's forces took Kaifeng on October 3rd and were advancing towards Zhangzhou. The KMT government then began announcing amnesty for all Generals if they would stand down. The next days many of Feng Yuxiang's subordinates called upon him to issue a ceasefire. Feng Yuxiang was basically screwed, Chiang and Zhang were surrounding him slowly as his own Generals defected or abandoned the cause. On the 5th Feng Yuxiangs deputy commander withdrew to Xinxiang, due north of the Yellow River. The next day Zhengzhou fell to the NRA 11th division of Chen Cheng. On the 5th Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang and Wang Jingwei jointly telegrammed Zhang Xueliang expressing their desire for a ceasefire and to open up negotiations.  By the 15th Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang stepped down together as commanders in chief. Yan Xishan handed command to Xu Yongchang and Feng Yuxiang to Lu Zhonglin. Both men then stated they would go temporarily abroad, though neither truly did. In truth Yan Xishan fled to Dalian under the protection of the Japanese and Feng Yuxiang hid in Yudaohe in Shanxi. That same day Lu Zhonglin telegramed to the Northwest army "withdraw defense immediately upon order inform all injured units to stop fighting and rest the people." On November 4th, Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang telegramed the dissolution of the anti-chiang movement, ending the war. The Central Plains War lasted roughly seven months, with both sides mobilizing more than 1.1 million troops, spending 500 million yuan, and suffering 300,000 casualties. At least half of them were young and middle-aged men from Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other provinces. It was the largest civil war in China after the Northern Expedition to unify China. The war spread to Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces. Most of the national troops originally prepared to suppress the Communists were mobilized, allowing the Chinese Communist Party to breathe and develop. Warlords imposed additional donations and taxes on the common people and issued paper money indiscriminately. As usual the ones to suffer the most were of course the common people. Within the Central Plains, 27 counties including Luoyang in Henan Province were severely affected, with agricultural losses amounting to 160.2% of the annual output value; farmers in more than a dozen counties including lost an average of 0.22 heads of livestock and 0.07 carts per household. Within Henan Province, it was said “over 120,000 people died in the war, over 19,500 were injured, over 1,185,000 fled, and over 1,297,700 were forced into exile by the army, of which over 30,000 died in combat, not including soldiers. The total property losses, including the destruction and burning of houses, amounted to over 651,469,000 yuan. It is estimated that it will take 10 years to recover all the losses.” Source in Zhengzhou stated “Since the beginning of the war, planes have been arriving every day, dropping bombs. … Every time a bomb is dropped, five or six people are killed and several buildings are destroyed. This situation is not limited to Zhengzhou. It is the same everywhere in the battlefield cities, the counties and villages near the Longhai and Pinghan railways, even in broad daylight.”  Industry declined and agriculture went bankrupt. The war caused great damage to industrial and agricultural production, seriously hindering the development of the social economy. “The national finances and social economy were both exhausted.” For railway transportation alone saw  “capital losses amounted to 22,165,504 yuan; withdrawals from garrison troops amounted to 4,206,155 yuan; military transport losses amounted to 29,958,042 yuan; and operating losses amounted to 17,018,271 yuan. The total was more than 73 million yuan.Among agricultural products, tobacco leaves were harvested in the three provinces of Henan, Shandong and Anhui, and the war was at its most intense. The losses were between 20 and 30 million yuan. The losses were twice as much as the war expenses.”  Chiang Kai-Shek had won the war, utterly breaking his opponents. Feng Yuxiangs northwest disintegrated into four factions. Yan Xishans Shanxi army took heavy losses that they would not recover from. Zhang Xueliang profited the most, his northeast army gained further territory in North China. He would gradually incorporate a large part of the forces in Shanxi and Suiyuan and would emerge the second largest military faction in China. However, when Zhang Xueliang depleted the northeast of her military forces, this left the borders weak. Zhang Xueliang soon became focused on governing North China, taking his eyes off his powerbase of Manchuria, which Japanese eyes looked upon enviously.  Overall the Central plains war weakened the NRA, the KMT, depleted China of her overall strength and lessened efforts against the CCP. Within the background of the warlord-NRA conflict, the CCP would benefit greatly. The CCP had spread to 11 provinces, including Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. Their Red Army formed a total of 14 armies with a total of about 100,000 people. But with the Central Plains War ended, now Chiang Kai-Shek could redirect his efforts against the Red Menace.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Chiang Kai-Shek had certainly faced a formidable enemy in the former of his past comrades in arms, Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, Li Zongren and many others. At the last minute the Young Marshal saved the day, allowing the Generalissimo to retain control over the new Republic, yet in the background lurked enemies everywhere still.

Smashing the Plateau
How to Utilize Self-Care Strategies for Effective Leadership While Transitioning to Entrepreneurship Featuring Boudewijn Bertsch

Smashing the Plateau

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2024 24:10


Bou is a leadership consultant who helps his clients discover how to bring out the best in themselves and others. He designs and delivers customized leadership development workshops for executive teams around the globe. Bou also has a thriving executive and life coaching practice. Along with his wife, Riva Greenberg, he supports people living with diabetes. He resides in Brooklyn, NY.In today's episode of Smashing the Plateau, you will learn how to successfully manage the emotional and psychological challenges of entrepreneurship after a corporate career.Bou and I discuss:The importance of self-care for effective leadership [00:00]Bao's transition from quality management to leadership coaching [03:02]How the pandemic reshaped Bao's coaching practices [04:00]Navigating changes and embracing emergence in business [08:13]Strategies for responding to unforeseen challenges [09:48]The role of AI and tech evolution in the modern job market [12:05]Key components of the upcoming book on transitioning to solo ventures [17:55]Importance of managing energy and time effectively [20:19]Learn more about Boudewijn at https://www.spimanagement.com.Thank you to our sponsor: The Smashing the Plateau Community Join us now to get exclusive access to tailored strategy tips from our podcast experts—your path to success is just a click away.

Rabbitt Stew Comics
Episode 478

Rabbitt Stew Comics

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2024 206:01


Jan 2025 Solicits (DC, Image) Longbox of Horror 2024 Part 3: JLA by Chuck Austen Comic Reviews: DC o        All In §  Catwoman 69 by Torunn Gronbekk, Fabiana Mascolo, Patricio Delpeche §  Titans 16 by John Layman, Pete Woods o        Batman and Robin: Year One 1 by Mark Waid, Chris Samnee, Matheus Lopes o        Batman: Full Moon 1 by Rodney Barnes, Stevan Subic Marvel o        Blade Red Band 1 by Bryan Hill, Carlos Villa, Javier Tartaglia o        Crypt of Shadows 1 by Steve Orlando, Claire Roe, Luiz Zavala; Chris Condon, Djibril Morissette-Phan, Mattia Iacono; Benjamin Percy, Raffaele Ienco, Bryan Valenza; Jason Loo, Carlos Magno, Espen Grundetjern o        Moon Knight: Fist of Khonshu 1 by Jed MacKay, Alessandro Cappuccio, Rachelle Rosenberg o        Mystique 1 by Declan Shalvey, Matt Hollingsworth o        Marvel Unlimited §  Astonishing Spider-Man 1 & 2 by Scott Aukerman, Salva Espin §  Beastly Buddies 1 by Steve Foxe, Armand Bodnar Boom o        Vicarious 1 by Ryan Parrott, Eleonora Carlini, Mattia Iacono, Luca Mattioni Dark Horse o        Jupiter's Legacy Finale 1 by Mark Millar, Tommy Lee Edwards o        Oddly Pedestrian Life of Christopher Chaos Halloween Special by Tate Brombal, Morgan Beem; Soo Lee, Patricio Delpeche; Nick Robles; James Tynion IV, Isaac Goodhart, Miquel Muerto; Tate Brombal, Fernando Blanco, Patricio Delpeche o        Where Monsters Lie: Cul-De-Sac 1 by Kyle Starks, Piotr Kowalski, Vladimir Popov IDW o        Exorcism at 1600 Penn 1 by Hannah Rose May, Vanesa Del Rey, Jordie Bellaire Valiant o        Eternal Warrior Resurgence 1 by Fred Van Lente, Alvaro Papagiana, Camila Jorge, Nobi, Exequiel Fernandez Rosel, Ludwig Olimba Vault o        Godfather of Hell 1 by Cavan Scott, Pius Bak, Raul Angulo OGN Countdown o        Kids Are Still Weird and More Observations From Parenthood by Jeffrey Brown o        Spirited Vol 4: Fangs for the Memories by Liv Livingston o        Noodle and Bao by Shaina Lu o        Girlmode by Magdalene Visaggio, Paulina Ganucheau o        Squire and Knight Vol 2: Wayward Travelers by Scott Chantler o        Halfway There: A Graphic Memoir of Self-Discovery by Christine Mari o        Boy vs Shark by Paul Gilligan o        Big Jim and the White Boy: An American Classic Reimagined by David Walker, Marcus Kwame Anderson Additional Reviews:         Agatha All Along ep6         Plume by K. Lynn Smith         Flintstones by Mark Russell, Steve Pugh, Rick Leonardi         Lego Avengers: Mission Demolition News: Mad Cave picks up Pop Kill from Palmiotti/Conner, IDW hires new EIC, new announcements from Image and Dynamite at NYCC, DC joins GlobalComix, Krypto confirmed to appear in Superman movie, new Iron Man Disney Jr. series, Many Deaths of Laila Starr opera, new Image series from Aaron and Remender, IDW new logo, Ultimate Wolverine, new Marvel collection line ala DC Compact, DSTLRY announcements, No One movie, Doctor Doom event, Justice League: Atom Project, Aquaman by Adams and Timms, new horror line from Tiny Onion, John Ridley next up on Action Comics, new IDW horror line including Event Horizon comic, Absolute Martian Manhunter, Magic the Gathering/Marvel team-up, return of Vertigo, Hush 2 confirmed, DD: Cold Day in Hell, Eddie Brock: Carnage, Venomverse/Spider-Verse crossover, another Flanagan/King project, Blade probably canceled Glenn's Continuity Corner Trailers: The Monkey, Invincible s3, Cross, Wolf Man Comics Countdown (16 October 2024): 1.     Wonder Woman 14 by Tom King, Daniel Sampere, Tomeu Morey 2.     Radiant Black 30 and 30.5 by Kyle Higgins, Joe Clark, Eduardo Ferigato, Marcelo Costa, Rod Fernandes, Raul Angulo 3.     Ultimate Spider-Man 10 by Jonathan Hickman, David Messina, Matt Wilson 4.     Department of Truth 26 by James Tynion IV, Alison Sampson, Jordie Bellaire 5.     Local Man 25 by Tim Seeley, Tony Fleecs, Felipe Sobreiro, Brad Simpson 6.     Nightwing 118 by Tom Taylor, Bruno Redondo, Caio Filipe, Adriano Lucas 7.     Batman and Robin: Year One 1 by Mark Waid, Chris Samnee, Matheus Lopes 8.     Batman: Full Moon 1 by Rodney Barnes, Stevan Subic 9.     Green Lantern 16 by Jeremy Adams, Xermanico, Romulo Fajardo Jr 10.  Flash Gordon 3 by Jeremy Adams, Will Conrad, Lee Loughridge

Super Chats
WildFyre Debuted and They're Amazing! - Super Chats Ep. 89

Super Chats

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 25, 2024 137:07


Donate to help kids here! https://www.extra-life.org/team/slapdash Wildfyre's here and they're awesome! Let's talk about them! (and also there some not so great news because EIEN's shutting down. Damn.) We also have some cool new songs and streams to talk about, so let's do that! Each week we aim to bring together the biggest events in Vtubing and talk about what's been going on. Stop by, hang out, and let's catch up with us! Join this discord : https://discord.gg/wFMcTGHWGJ Follow here for updates: https://twitter.com/SuperChatsPod Shorts over here: https://www.tiktok.com/@superchatspod 00:00:00 Intro 00:03:56 Idol EN WIldfyre 00:05:29 Daisy Dandelion 00:18:18 Cersea Soulstorm 00:28:03 Riki Poppet 00:38:30 Yena Youngblood 00:46:23 Wild Fyre First Collab 00:54:37 Rise of Blue Sky 01:06:39 EIEN Project is Shutting Down 01:20:14 Ina's Back 01:21:11 Advent Friends with You Merch 01:22:53 Raden's Hologra Debut 01:24:25 Roboco's "Ultra Cute" Outfit 01:25:45 Shigure Ui Hit 2m Subs 01:26:32 Phase Connect Halloween Right Now 01:27:53 Dooby Debut 01:28:49 Roboco new MV With∅ 01:29:55 Hachi MV for Kaleidoscope 01:30:48 Gigi covered Igaku 01:31:53 Elizabeth covered Love Song 01:32:49 Kson and Henya covered Tokyo Drift 01:33:51 Bao, Miori, Shiki covered Voracity 01:35:44 Gigi's birthday dinner party 01:45:22 Kaminari Clara's Birthday 01:51:08 Poma Pon Sims 01:53:38 Stronny Conker's Bad Fur Day 01:56:48 Stronny's cursed ASMR 02:02:21 VAllure vs Socks Lockdown Protocol 02:05:35 Alicja Karaoke 02:07:00 Nene Amano Silent Hill 2 02:07:46 Ushio Ebi's new model 02:10:09 Community comments 02:15:52 Birthdays

All Of It
Acclaimed Pastry Chef Clarice Lam's Debut Cookbook 'Breaking Bao'

All Of It

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 24, 2024 17:09


In 2020, pastry chef Clarice Lam opened the acclaimed Japanese-Italian restaurant Kimika, which was a James Beard Foundation Award semi-finalist for Best New Restaurant. Now, she has released her debut cookbook, Breaking Bao: 88 Bakes and Snacks from Asia and Beyond. Lam joins us to discuss.

RNZ: Checkpoint
Open home held 4 days before Yanfei Bao went missing

RNZ: Checkpoint

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 24, 2024 3:15


The trial of the man accused of murdering Yanfei Bao has heard an open home was held at the property at which the Crown alleges the real estate agent was killed, four days after she went missing. 53 year old Tingjun Cao, a Chinese national, denies murdering Ms Bao on July the 19th 2023, the day she disappeared. Ms Bao was last seen heading to show a house to a prospective client on Trevor Street, where the Crown alleges she was killed, Anna Sargent was in court.

All the Books!
New Releases and More for October 15, 2024

All the Books!

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 15, 2024 49:26


This week, Liberty and Emily discuss The Treasure Hunters Club, If I Stopped Haunting You, Tangleroot, and more great books! Subscribe to All the Books! using RSS, Apple Podcasts, or Spotify and never miss a book. Sign up for the weekly New Books! newsletter for even more new book news. This October, Tailored Book Recommendations is giving away a pair of Beats Fit Pro headphones! TBR is the perfect way to take the guesswork out of finding your next favorite read. To get started with TBR, just fill out a quick survey about your reading likes and dislikes, and we'll pair you with a professional book nerd— aka bibliologist— who uses their bookish knowledge to match you with three books they think you'll dig. You can sign up to receive your recommendations via email or have your bibliologist's picks delivered right to your door as either hardcovers or paperbacks. And if you sign up or gift TBR in the month of October, you'll be automatically entered to win a pair of Beats Fit Pro headphones! Current TBR subscribers also have a chance to win by purchasing a drop-in round of recommendations in October. Sign up today at mytbr.co This content contains affiliate links. When you buy through these links, we may earn an affiliate commission. Books Discussed On the Show: The Treasure Hunters Club by Tom Ryan If I Stopped Haunting You by Colby Wilkins Noodle & Bao by Shaina Lu  Detective Beans: and the Case of the Missing Hat by Li Chen Tangleroot by Kalela Williams House of Frank by Kay Synclaire Curdle Creek by Yvonne Battle-Felton Clean by Alia Trabucco Zerán, Sophie Hughes (translator) All the Hearts You Eat by Hailey Piper For a complete list of books discussed in this episode, visit our website. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On est fait pour s'entendre
L'INTÉGRALE - Bao, 16 ans, s'est prostituée pendant 2 ans

On est fait pour s'entendre

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 15, 2024 38:47


Bao, une adolescente de 16 ans a été happée par un réseau de prostitution. Pendant 2 ans, elle a connu l'enfer des passes, des journées interminables enfermée dans des chambres d'hôtels avec pour seule béquille, la drogue. Comment s'en est-elle sortie et comment reconnaître les mécanismes de cette nouvelle forme de proxénétisme qui émerge sur les réseaux sociaux ? Son livre "16 ans, prostituée" (XO Éditions), disponible dans tous les points de vente. Si vous souhaitez partager votre histoire dans- "Héros", n'hésitez pas à écrire à l'adresse suivante : contact.redaction.heros@gmail.com

Stanford Medcast
Episode 90: Hot Topics Mini-Series: Evolving Practices in Breast Cancer Surgery

Stanford Medcast

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 8, 2024 31:10


In this episode, we speak with Dr. Jean Bao, Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery at Stanford University School of Medicine. We will explore prevalent misconceptions about breast cancer encountered in clinical practice, as well as the decision-making processes involved in managing benign masses and high-risk patients. Additionally, we will discuss innovative diagnostic technologies for at-risk individuals, the pathology of dense breast tissue, and new imaging techniques. We will also examine when to opt for a lumpectomy versus a double mastectomy, prophylactic mastectomy, skin and nipple-sparing mastectomies, and oncoplastic surgeries, focusing on their impact on patient outcomes and quality of life. Lastly, we will review nodal staging strategies for breast cancer and delve into Dr. Bao's research on fertility issues faced by young women with breast cancer. Read Transcript CME Information: https://stanford.cloud-cme.com/medcastepisode90 Claim CE: https://stanford.cloud-cme.com/Form.aspx?FormID=3086  

Koala Shine - Fun Kids Stories
The Seven Wonders Of The World

Koala Shine - Fun Kids Stories

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 27, 2024 20:00


Today, we're bringing you an unbelievable report from animals all across the globe. That's right, our correspondents are at each of the seven wonders of the modern world, ready to tell us all about them- from Bao the Panda to Soki the Sand Lizard! The facts about these amazing places will blow your socks off!  Upgrade to Koala Shine Plus for full ad-free access to our collection of kids' shows, with bonus adventures and 8-hour episodes ⭐️ Subscribe via Apple Podcasts or visit https://koalashine.supercast.com/ Want to send in a note, joke, memo or monologue? Click here. 

City Cast Houston
The Best Breakfast Spots in Houston

City Cast Houston

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 11, 2024 19:03


We've all heard it before, “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.” and host Raheel Ramzanali agrees! So, today he's talking to Bao Ong, restaurant columnist at the Houston Chronicle, to dish out the best breakfast spots around H-Town for your morning fix. Whether you're craving American classics like eggs and bacon or want to try something more adventurous like dim sun, Raheel and Bao have you covered to kickstart your day! Recommendations from today's conversation:  The top 25 breakfast spots in Houston Kolache Shoppe Tel-wink Grill in the East End Sunrise Taquitos Vibrant Common Bond White Tile Café Taste of Mulan Learn more about the sponsors of this September 11th episode here: The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Holocaust Museum Houston British International School of Houston Looking for more Houston news? Then sign up for our morning newsletter Hey Houston  Follow us on Instagram  @CityCastHouston Don't have social media? Then leave us a voicemail or text us at +1 713-489-6972 with your thoughts! Have feedback or a show idea? Let us know!  Interested in advertising with City Cast? Let's Talk! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Binge-Watchers Podcast
The Office, Vampires, and Flubbing the Facts: A Binge-Watchers Special

Binge-Watchers Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 20, 2024 19:35


Johnny Spoiler dives into why Jim from The Office might be more of a sociopath than you think, plus he shares his thoughts on a new vampire flick that's not like his own Night Work. Stick around as he defends the cult classic Bubba Ho-Tep (it's a binge now for sure) and reviews The Exorcist III—which left him with some mixed feelings. Spoiler: It's a binge never despite its iconic cast. Plus, we chat about the latest Masters of the Universe casting news and the weirdness of celeb cameos in horror movies. Tune in for laughs, movie trivia, and a few wild tangents! Sponsored Content: Try pizza with a Bao twist: https://bit.ly/PIZZAPIZZABAO Ready for a wine adventure? The Loose Moose has you covered with wines from around the world: https://bit.ly/THEMOOSEISLOOSE

Into the Impossible
Rajendra Gupta On Tired Light and the REAL Age of the Universe [Ep. 431]

Into the Impossible

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 23, 2024 47:14


Join my mailing list https://briankeating.com/list to win a real 4 billion year old meteorite! All .edu emails in the USA