Podcasts about Grozny

We speak with a Partner at an aviation practice who advocates for 737 MAX crash victims. In the news, we look at the Azerbaijan and Jeju crashes, Boeing's safety and quality-control plan update, Delta's plan for an AI-rich future, and V-22 Osprey catastrophic failure risks. Also, favorite flybys from listeners. Guest Erin Applebaum is a partner in the aviation practice at Kreindler & Kreindler LLP, specializing in high-stakes litigation for passengers injured or killed in general aviation accidents and commercial airline disasters.  Erin has devoted her career to advocating for justice and fighting for the advancement of aviation safety. She serves on the Plaintiffs' Executive Committee for the Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 Boeing 737 MAX litigation. Erin is part of the legal team representing the 737 MAX crash victims in the federal criminal case against Boeing. Erin updates us on the status of the 737 MAX crash civil litigation. The criminal case is ongoing but likely nearing an end. Boeing was found in violation of the deferred prosecution agreement but the judge rejected the negotiated plea deal. The families of the victims are unhappy because the criminal case focuses on the single charge of defrauding the FAA, and not on those who lost their lives. Erin maintains a robust practice of litigating tort claims governed by the Montreal Convention, the global treaty governing international commercial flights. She teaches a popular aviation CLE course for other attorneys on how to litigate personal injury claims for international airline passengers. Erin has published a comprehensive update on the law governing international aviation claims in the highly respected legal journal of McGill University, “Annals of Air and Space Law.”  Erin serves as Co-Chair of the New York City Bar Association's Aeronautics Committee, Vice Chair of the American Bar Association's Aviation and Space Law Committee, and is an active member of the American Association for Justice and the International Aviation Women's Association. Aviation News Russian Air Defence System Caused Azerbaijan Airlines Plane Crash On December 25, 2024, an Azerbaijan Airlines ERJ-190 flying from Baku Azerbaijan to Grozny in Russia's Chechnya crashed in Aktau Kazakhstan leaving 38 people dead. The plane diverted from Grozny due to dense fog and ultimately made an emergency landing an hour later in Grozny. On final approach, the Embraer lost altitude and impacted the ground off the runway. Twenty-nine people, including the cabin crew, survived. Thirty-eight, including the flight crew, did not IATA Statement on Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243 says, in part: "Civil aircraft must never be the intended or accidental target of military operations. The strong potential that Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 could have been the victim of military operations, as indicated by several governments including Russia and Azerbaijan, places the highest priority on conducting a thorough, transparent, and impartial investigation. The world eagerly awaits the required publication of the interim report within 30 days, in line with international obligations agreed in the Chicago Convention. And should the conclusion be that this tragedy was the responsibility of combatants, the perpetrators must be held accountable and brought to justice." See also: Accident: Azerbaijan E190 near Aktau on Dec 25th 2024, lost height and impacted ground after being shot at EU issues new alert for planes flying in Russian airspace Boeing Shares Details of Safety Plan One Year After Door Plug Incident Boeing provided an update of its plan to address systemic safety and quality-control issues, which included: Reducing 737 fuselage assembly defects at Spirit AeroSystems through increased inspection and a customer quality approval process;  Addressing more than 70% of the action items from employee feedback Managing traveled work at final assembly with "mo...

In response to recent fatal Azerbaijan Airlines and Jeju Air plane crashes, China has ramped up safety measures to ensure the continued safety of the country's civil aviation sector. These measures include enhanced bird strike prevention and comprehensive runway safety inspections, officials from the Civil Aviation Administration of China said on Friday.针对近期阿塞拜疆与韩国济州航空公司发生的重大空难事故，中国已加强安全措施，以确保国家民航领域的持续安全。1月3日，中国民航局官员表示，相关措施包括强化鸟击风险防范和全面跑道安全检查。Shu Mingjiang, chief safety officer at the CAAC, emphasized these efforts during a news conference in Beijing on Friday, while discussing the importance of learning from the recent tragedies.1月3日，中国民航局安全总监舒明江在北京举行的新闻发布会上强调了为确保航空安全做出的努力，并探讨了从近期悲剧中吸取教训的重要性。The announcement of the enhanced measures comes after the two significant accidents raised global concerns about aviation safety. On Dec 25, a passenger plane en route from Baku, Azerbaijan, to Grozny, Russia, crashed near Aktau International Airport in western Kazakhstan. Initial reports said the crash, which resulted in the deaths of 38 people, was caused by a bird strike. Azerbaijan's president said the plane had been damaged by accidental shooting from the ground in Russia, Reuters reported.这两起重大事故引发了全球对航空安全的担忧，中国随即宣布加强相关措施。12月25日，一架从阿塞拜疆巴库飞往俄罗斯格罗兹尼的客机在哈萨克斯坦西部阿克套国际机场附近坠毁。初步报告显示，这起导致38人死亡的空难是由鸟击造成的。据路透社报道，阿塞拜疆总统表示，该飞机在俄罗斯境内曾受到来自地面的意外射击并受损。Just days later, on Dec 29, a Jeju Air flight crashed while attempting to land at Muan International Airport, approximately 290 kilometers from Seoul, killing 179. The crash was reportedly caused by a landing gear failure, which led to the aircraft landing without properly functioning wheels, causing the jet to skid off the runway and crash into a perimeter wall.仅几天后，12月29日，一架济州航空飞机在距离首尔约290公里的务安国际机场尝试着陆时坠毁，造成179人死亡。据报道，事故原因是由于起落架故障，飞机在没有正常工作机轮的情况下着陆，冲出跑道并撞上了围墙。In response to these incidents, the CAAC has outlined several actions to address safety concerns. One of the primary focuses is improving bird strike prevention, which has been identified as a significant threat to flight safety.为应对这些事件，中国民航局已概述了多项解决安全问题的行动。其中首要重点之一是加强鸟击防范工作，鸟击事件已被确定为影响飞行安全的重大威胁。"We require airports to focus on more accurately studying seasonal bird migration patterns, especially during the winter months. This will allow us to implement more effective bird control measures at airports," Shu said.舒明江表示：“我们要求机场更准确地研判鸟类季节性迁徙规律，尤其是在冬季月份。这能让我们在机场实施更有效的鸟类控制措施。”He also emphasized that the CAAC is encouraging the use of advanced technology to detect and prevent bird strikes near airports.他还强调，中国民航局正在鼓励使用先进技术手段来检测和预防机场附近的鸟击事件。"We are also urging airports to tighten their bird management strategies and pushing them to tailor their approaches based on regional bird activity," he added.“我们还督促机场加强鸟类管理策略，并推动他们根据地区鸟类活动情况制定相应措施，”他补充道。The CAAC is also conducting a nationwide inspection of runway safety, focusing particularly on areas such as runway safety and surface irregularities. These inspections are intended to address any vulnerabilities that may exist, ensuring that runways meet the highest safety standards for aircraft operations.中国民航局还在全国范围内对跑道安全进行检查，重点督查跑道安全及跑道表面平整度等领域。这些检查旨在解决可能存在的任何薄弱环节，确保跑道符合飞机运行的最高安全标准。In an effort to improve emergency response capability, the CAAC is strengthening training programs and conducting more rigorous emergency drills to mitigate potential risks, Shu said.舒明江表示，中国民航局正加强培训以提升应急响应能力，并开展更严格的应急演练来减轻潜在风险。With the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush, which is expected to see a record of over 90 million passenger trips made by air, the CAAC is implementing a special safety inspection campaign.随着即将到来的春运高峰，民航旅客量预计将突破9000万人次，有望创历史新高，中国民航局对此正在开展特别安全检查行动。The authority has urged airlines to conduct thorough checks of their fleets and operational procedures to ensure safety during this peak period. The 40-day travel rush, from Jan 14 to Feb 22, is expected to see 9 billion cross-regional trips in total, according to official estimates.民航局已敦促各航空公司对其机队和运营程序进行全面检查，以保障这一高峰期内的飞行安全。据官方估计，1月14日至2月22日的40天春运期间，全社会跨区域人员流动量将达到90亿人次。Xu Qing, director of the CAAC's transport department, highlighted the importance of maintaining safety during the busy period.中国民航局运输司司长徐青强调了在这一繁忙时期继续保障安全的重要性。"As China's aviation sector continues to grow, we are committed to meeting the demands of the Spring Festival travel rush while ensuring the safety and security of every passenger. We have implemented detailed safety arrangements to ensure smooth operations and minimize risks," Xu said, adding that in 2024, China's aviation industry reached a new high with over 730 million passenger trips.徐青表示，“随着中国航空业的持续发展，我们致力于在满足春运出行高峰需求的同时，确保每位乘客的安全与安心。我们已经实施了详细的安全措施，以保障运营顺畅并将风险降至最低”。徐青补充说，2024年中国航空业旅客运输量超过7.3亿人次，创历史新高。perimetern.周边，边缘irregularityn.不规则；不整齐

*) Israel detains Palestinians in critical health condition in Gaza The Health Ministry in Gaza says Israeli forces detained four Palestinian patients who were being transferred for medical care. They were on their way from the Indonesian Hospital in northern Gaza to al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, a transfer organised by the World Health Organization. Out of the ten patients being transported, four were detained, and, according to the ministry, one of them is in critical condition. *) South Korean investigators seek arrest warrant for Yoon Suk-yeol South Korea's investigation unit is taking a historic step, seeking an arrest warrant for President Yoon Suk-yeol. The president, who's currently suspended, is under scrutiny for declaring martial law earlier this month — a move investigators believe might qualify as insurrection. Officials say Yoon has ignored repeated requests for questioning from both the police and the anti-corruption office. This is the first time South Korea has seen such a request for a sitting president. *) Azerbaijan leader says plane shot from Russia, seeks compensation Azerbaijan is demanding answers — and compensation — from Russia after one of its passenger planes was reportedly hit by ground fire and disrupted by electronic warfare. President Ilham Aliyev spoke out about the incident, confirming that the Azerbaijan Airlines plane was damaged near Grozny, on Russian territory, and narrowly avoided disaster. He said Azerbaijan expects Russia to acknowledge what happened, hold those responsible accountable, and pay damages. *) Former US president Jimmy Carter dies at 100 Former US President Jimmy Carter has passed away at the age of 100, according to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Carter served as the 39th president from 1977 to 1981, defeating Gerald Ford in the 1976 election. But his time in office was cut short when he lost to Ronald Reagan in a landslide four years later. After leaving the White House, Carter lived longer than any other former US president, dedicating much of his life to humanitarian work. *) Algeria demands France to admit its colonial crimes Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune has called on France to confront its colonial history. Speaking to parliament, Tebboune reflected on the country's struggles under French rule from 1830 to 1962, emphasising that Algeria seeks no monetary compensation — just recognition. “We are pursuing the dignity of our ancestors,” he said, highlighting this as a core part of his first presidential term's achievements and his vision for the future.

** VIDEO EN NUESTRO CANAL DE YOUTUBE **** https://youtube.com/live/sE5R-A7SQuM +++++ Hazte con nuestras camisetas en https://www.bhmshop.app +++++ #actualidad #geopolítica #guerraenucrania Análisis semanal de la Guerra de Ucrania 27/12/2024 *** SUSCRÍBETE A @BELLUMARTISACTUALIDADMILITAR ** Anfisa Motora, José María Rodríguez y Francisco García Campa describirán en #FrenteDeBatalla la situación de la #guerraucraniarusia en la ÚLTIMA semana de DICIEMBRE de 2024 con la constante ofensiva de #rusia en el Donbás. Nos fijaremos en la campaña de ataques a las infraestructuras energéticas y centros urbanos ucranianos. Sin olvidar el derribo del vuelo J2 8243 de Bakú a Grozny. Veremos la situación de , #Kurakhove, #kursk #VelykaNovosilka y en #Pokrovsk . Sin olvidar la importancia del fretne diplomático. COMPRA EN AMAZON CON EL ENLACE DE BHM Y AYUDANOS ************** https://amzn.to/3ZXUGQl ************* Si queréis apoyar a Bellumartis Historia Militar e invitarnos a un café o u una cerveza virtual por nuestro trabajo, podéis visitar nuestro PATREON https://www.patreon.com/bellumartis o en PAYPALhttps://www.paypal.me/bellumartis o en BIZUM 656/778/825

* Israeli attack on Gaza's Kamal Adwan hospital leaves it deserted — WHO The World Health Organization has confirmed that Kamal Adwan Hospital in northern Gaza is now empty after an Israeli military raid on Friday, which has forced the last major health facility in the area out of service. Expressing its outrage, the WHO stated, "Hospitals have once again become battlegrounds," condemning the attack as part of a systematic dismantling of Gaza's health system. The organisation warned that the 75,000 Palestinians remaining in northern Gaza face severe risks after over 80 days of siege, with critical healthcare no longer accessible. Dozens dead as plane bursts into flames following crash in South Korea *A Jeju Air plane from Bangkok to South Korea crashed upon landing at Muan airport, killing at least 120 people, the National Fire Agency said. Two survivors have been pulled from the wreckage as rescue efforts continue, according to the national fire agency. Footage broadcast by MBC showed the plane engulfed in flames shortly after landing, with smoke streaming from its engines. Officials believe a landing gear failure, possibly caused by a bird strike, may have led to the crash. * Over 112,000 missing Syrians probably killed in Assad prisons: rights group More than 112,000 Syrians forcibly disappeared under the Baath regime remain unaccounted for, with evidence pointing to widespread killings in detention, the Syrian Network for Human Rights reported. Following the collapse of the Baath regime on December 8, the scale of torture and extrajudicial executions in Syrian prisons has come to light. The group has documented about 136,000 cases of detention or forced disappearance during the regime's rule and reports that 24,200 prisoners have been released from detention facilities since its fall. * Over 21 killed in Sudan shelter attack by paramilitary forces At least 21 civilians were killed and 17 injured in a Rapid Support Forces drone strike on a shelter for displaced people in El Fasher, North Darfur, activists reported. The El Fasher Coordination of Resistance Committees said the attack targeted the Qouz Beina school, which housed many displaced individuals. Separately, the General Coordination of Darfur Displaced People and Refugees reported heavy artillery bombardment by the RSF on the Abu Shouk displacement camp in El Fasher, resulting in additional casualties. * Putin apologises to Aliyev over Azerbaijan Airlines plane crash tragedy Russian President Vladimir Putin has apologised to Azerbaijan's leader for a "tragic incident" after an Azerbaijani airliner crashed in Kazakhstan, killing 38 people. The Kremlin said that air defence systems were active near Grozny during a Ukrainian drone strike on Wednesday but did not confirm whether one caused the crash. On Friday, a US official and an Azerbaijani minister made separate statements blaming the crash on an external weapon.

//The Wire//2300Z December 27, 2024////ROUTINE////BLUF: COMMERCIAL AIRLINER CRASHES IN KAZAKHSTAN AS A RESULT OF PROBABLE MISSILE STRIKE. MORE DETAILS EMERGE REGARDING USS GETTYSBURG FRIENDLY FIRE INCIDENTS.// -----BEGIN TEARLINE------International Events-Red Sea/HOA: Over the holiday, additional information has come to light regarding the recent shootdown of a U.S. Navy F/A-18 by the USS Gettysburg (CG-64). Follow on information from crewmembers indicates that the shootdown was not the only friendly fire incident that day. Another aircraft narrowly avoided being engaged and was forced to take actions to evade an incoming missile from the USS Gettysburg. The pilot in the second aircraft was able to successfully evade the missile shot at them, unlike the first. AC: So far, virtually nothing is confirmable via independent sources; all of the information pertaining to these two friendly-fire incidents is coming from word-of-mouth sources within the Strike Group itself.Continuing the trend of escalating tensions in the region, Houthi targeting has increased once again over the past week following Israeli strikes in Yemen. Houthi forces have retaliated in kind, carrying out ballistic missile strikes on targets in Israel.Northern Europe: Another undersea cable cutting incident allegedly occurred on Christmas Day. This time, an electrical power cable spanning the Baltic Sea between Estonia and Finland was disrupted under unclear circumstances. NATO has pledged to increase their military naval presence in the Baltic as a result of the suspected Russian and/or Chinese merchant vessels which are being investigated by NATO for being involved in anchor-dragging incidents. Kazakhstan: Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243 crashed in Aktau on Wednesday. The circumstances leading up to the disaster are as follows:The aircraft took off from Baku, and transited north along the western bank of the Caspian Sea to complete a routine flight to Grozny. Once in Russian airspace, the crew reported navigational issues likely due to Russian military jamming of GPS systems, as has been extremely common throughout the region for several years. While attempting to land in Grozny under extremely thick fog, and with the added complexities of navigational issues, the aircraft experienced a catastrophic event that involved some loss of control over the aircraft. Initial reports suggested that the aircraft experienced a bird strike, as this is what the pilots reported over the radio. However, it is possible that what was perceived as a bird strike, really was the result of a missile striking the aircraft over Grozny. AC: Russian missile defense forces in Grozny had reportedly engaged Ukrainian drones earlier that day, lending weight to this theory.Following the catastrophic incident (either the bird strike or a surface-to-air missile strike) the pilots made the decision to abort landing in Grozny due to the emergency situation and thick fog, making the judgement call that landing a compromised aircraft in Grozny was not a viable option as they had already unsuccessfully tried to do so with an undamaged aircraft.The details of what happened next remain more uncertain with regards to timing and the sequence of events. The pilots attempted to gain clearance to land in Dagestan, but was also unable to do so due to conflicting reports. Some claim the same weather problems experienced in Grozny were to blame, other claims have been made that Russia forbade the aircraft to land for some unexplained reason. Reports also differ as to when this request was made; some claim prior to the catastrophic incident, others claim afterward.At some point the pilots conducted a radical change of course, heading from west to east over the Caspian Sea toward an unidentified airport that possibly had better weather conditions. During the transit over the Caspian Sea, an emergency was declared a

Nuacht Mhall. Príomhscéalta na seachtaine, léite go mall. * Inniu an t-ochtú lá is fiche de mhí na Nollag. Is mise Niall Ó Siadhail. Cailleadh tríocha a hocht duine Lá Nollag nuair a thuirling eitleán ón Asarbaiseáin de thuairt sa Chasacstáin. Bhí beagnach seachtó duine ar bord an eitleáin, a d'fhág Baku, príomhchathair na hAsarbaiseáine, go luath maidin Dé Céadaoin. Bhí an t-eitleán ag iarraidh tuirlingt in Grozny sa tSeisnia nuair a mhothaigh na paisinéirí trí phléasc agus cuireadh an t-eitleán ar atreo trasna Mhuir Chaisp go cósta thiar na Casacstáine, 450 ciliméadar soir. Tuairiscíodh sa Rúis gur bhuail ealta éan an t-eitleán ach cuireadh an locht ar an Rúis féin ina dhiaidh sin, agus saineolaithe ag rá gurbh iad diúracáin aerchosanta a bhuail an t-eitleán. Tá aerlínte náisiúnta na hAsarbaiseáine agus na Casacstáine i ndiaidh cosc a chur ar eitiltí áirithe go dtí an Rúis. Tá an tsaoráid sláinte dheireanach i dtuaisceart Gaza as seirbhís, de réir na hEagraíochta Domhanda Sláinte. Tá ranna tábhachtacha san ospidéal scriosta agus faoi thine i ndiaidh ionsaithe a rinne arm Iosrael, a deir gur “daingean na sceimhlitheoirí” atá san ospidéal. Tá 25 othar atá go dona tinn fós san fhoirgneamh, ach bogadh iad siúd nach bhfuil ach measartha tinn amach go láthair eile atá scriosta, otharlann a tógadh le hairgead ón Indinéis sa bhliain 2016 ach atá ina fothrach anois. Maraíodh cúigear iriseoirí in Gaza Déardaoin agus rinneadh aerionsaithe ar shúiomhanna in Éimin fosta. Tá tíogar Sumatrach darb ainm Dao tagtha go Páirc Dhúlra Fhóite i gContae Chorcaí. Deirtear go bhfuil an tíogar, atá dhá bhliain d'aois, ag socrú isteach go maith agus go gcuirfear le chéile le tíogar baineann darb ainm Jambi é in iarracht an speiceas a chaomhnú. Tá tíogair Shumatracha ar an speiceas is lú de thíogar agus tá siad i mbaol a ndíothaithe ina ngnáthóg nádúrtha mar gheall ar dhífhoraoisiú agus ar phóitseáil. Tá níos lú ná 350 tíogar Sumatrach fágtha anois ach táthar ag súil go mbeidh coileáin ag Dao agus Jambi gan mhoill. Rugadh an tíogar Sumatrach deireanach i bPáirc Dhúlra Fhóite sa bhliain 2019 agus rugadh dhá choileán don tíogar sin i Zú Chester i Sasana ó shin. Go n-éirí go geal le Dao agus Jambi. * Léirithe ag Conradh na Gaeilge i Londain. Tá an script ar fáil i d'aip phodchraolta. * GLUAIS tuairt - crash ealta éan - a flock of birds saoráid sláinte - health facility daingean na sceimhlitheoirí - stronghold of terrorists gnáthóg nádúrtha - natural habitat coileán - cub

This is the Catchup on 3 Things by The Indian Express and I'm Ichha Sharma.Today is the 27th of December and here are this week's headlines.Three members of the Khalistan Zindabad Force, who were allegedly involved in grenade attacks at police establishments in border areas of Punjab, were killed in an encounter in Uttar Pradesh's Pilibhit district on Monday. The encounter was jointly conducted by the police forces from Punjab and UP. While the Punjab Police said in the morning that the men had been arrested, police in UP confirmed later that the men had died a little before 10 am. The deceased have been identified as Gurvinder Singh, Virendra Singh alias Ravi, and Jasan Preet Singh alias Pratap Singh, all residents of Gurdaspur.Amid Congress and the INDIA bloc's attack over Amit Shah's remarks on B.R. Ambedkar, top BJP leaders, including Amit Shah and J.P. Nadda, met NDA allies to discuss a united front on Wednesday. They focused on countering the opposition's narrative, especially on Shah's comments, caste census, and social justice issues. Shah emphasized Congress's attempts to create false narratives, urging NDA leaders to stand together against the opposition's criticism.Dr Manmohan Singh, the 14th Prime Minister of India who was widely acknowledged as the architect of the country's economic reforms, passed away in New Delhi on Thursday. Singh who was 92 years old was on Thursday evening admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Sources said that the former Prime Minister was administered CPR but efforts to revive him remained unsuccessful.Aam Aadmi Party national convener Arvind Kejriwal expressed frustration with Congress over complaints filed against AAP leading up to Delhi's 2025 elections on Thursday. Kejriwal criticized Congress for alleging AAP was anti-national despite seeking its help during campaigning. Delhi CM Atishi questioned why Congress formed an alliance with AAP if they had such doubts. She accused Congress leaders in Delhi of aiding BJP in the upcoming polls and possibly making secret pacts to harm AAP's electoral prospects.Meanwhile, Telangana Chief Minister A Revanth Reddy met with major figures from the Telugu film industry on Thursday, rejecting their demand for increased movie ticket prices. Reddy stressed the importance of respecting the law and not offering any more concessions for film screenings. He also urged industry leaders to support government campaigns against drugs, promote women's safety, and help with ecotourism and temple tourism initiatives. The meeting followed concerns over a stampede during the premiere of "Pushpa 2," which tragically killed a woman.On the global front, a plane crash near Aktau, Kazakhstan, involving an Azerbaijan Airlines Embraer 190, has left over 30 dead, with 32 survivors. The flight from Baku to Grozny crashed during an emergency landing attempt approximately 3 kilometers from Aktau. Disturbing footage shows the plane bursting into flames upon impact. Emergency teams extinguished the fire, and survivors were rushed to hospitals. Investigations are underway into the cause of the crash.This was the Catch Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express.

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports a senior Russian officials says the Azerbaijani plane was not able to to land in Grozny, it's chosen destination.

Israel kills 50 Palestinians in Gaza's Kamal Adwan Hospital Israel has killed nearly 50 Palestinians in an overnight air strike on a building opposite the headquarters of Kamal Adwan Hospital in northern besieged Gaza, including three medical staff and workers. Their bodies were stuck under the rubble of a building opposite Kamal Adwan Hospital in the Beit Lahia Project area after Israeli warplanes bombed it. Medical staff and workers were in the targeted building where they stayed with their families. Three Palestinian babies freeze to death in Gaza The chief paediatric doctor at a southern Gaza hospital has said that three babies had died of "severe temperature drop" this week, as the war-ravaged Palestinian territory grapples with winter. In the most recent case, in Khan Younis city a three-week-old girl was brought to the emergency room with a severe temperature drop, which led to her death. The head of the hospital's paediatric services also said that a three-day-old baby and another baby, less than a month old, both died after a severe temperature drop. UN calls for peaceful resolution to ongoing violence in Mozambique UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has expressed concern about the unrest in Mozambique, urging a peaceful resolution to the ongoing crisis. He urged all political leaders and relevant national stakeholders to defuse tensions, including through meaningful dialogue and legal redress, refrain from the use of violence, and redouble efforts to seek a peaceful resolution to the ongoing crisis in a constructive manner, which is essential to the collective future of Mozambicans. Russian missile brought down Azerbaijan Airlines plane: officials Senior Azerbaijani officials have confirmed the validity of an earlier media report suggesting that an Azerbaijan Airlines plane crash near the Kazakh city of Aktau was caused by a Russian missile system. A claim dismissed by Russia. This came after Azerbaijani media, citing government sources, reported that the preliminary results of the investigation into the incident determined that the plane was attacked by a Pantsir missile system as it approached the city of Grozny. According to the report, the aircraft's communication system was completely paralysed due to the use of Russian electronic warfare systems, which resulted in the plane disappearing from radars while in Russian airspace. Top Canadian officials to meet with Trump team on tariffs Key members of Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's cabinet have travelled to Florida for talks with representatives of US President-elect Donald Trump as Ottawa works to avert a potentially devastating trade war. Newly appointed Finance Minister Dominic Leblanc and Foreign Minister Melanie Joly flew to Palm Beach, Florida to meet with officials from the incoming Trump administration. The meetings set for Friday will focus on Canada's efforts to combat fentanyl trafficking and irregular migration.

Your morning briefing, the business news you need in just 15 minutes. On today's podcast: (1) Azerbaijan Airlines’ Embraer SA 190 aircraft was damaged by Russian air defense systems near Grozny before it crashed in Kazakhstan during an attempted emergency landing, according to Azerbaijan government-backed Caliber news website. (2) Israel struck multiple targets in Yemen it said were controlled by Houthis, the last of the Iran-backed groups still fully engaged in the regional war that began 14 months ago. (3) The Bank of Japan signaled that a rate hike next month still remains on the table even as cautious views among the majority swayed the stand-pat decision at a policy meeting last week. (4) Membership for the populist Reform UK party has surpassed that of the Conservatives, according to the party led by Nigel Farage. (5) Apple is seeking to fight the US over a proposal in its monopoly case against Alphabet Inc.’s Google that would prohibit the search giant from entering into commercial deals with the iPhone maker. (6) A less-than-perfect debut for the new season of Netflix’s blockbuster series Squid Game sent shares of related South Korean companies sharply lower Friday.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A aeronave Embraer 190 da Azerbaijan Airlines teria sido danificada pelos sistemas de defesa aérea russos perto de Grozny antes de cair no Cazaquistão durante uma tentativa de pouso de emergência, de acordo com o site da agência de notícias Caliber, apoiado pelo governo do Azerbaijão.

La Slovacchia ha confermato di essere pronta a ospitare i negoziati di pace sull'Ucraina, dopo che il presidente russo Vladimir Putin aveva definito "accettabile" la scelta di Bratislava quale "piattaforma" per il dialogo. In merito invece al volo da Baku a Grozny che si è schiantato la mattina del 25 dicembre vicino alla città di Aktau, nel Kazakistan occidentale La presidenza ucraina ha affermato che la Russia dovrebbe essere ritenuta responsabile per l'incidente aereo. Azerbaijan Airlines ha annunciato poi la sospensione dei voli verso 7 città russe. Mosca respinge le accuse di Kiev e afferma che droni ucraini stavano attaccando la città di Grozny, mentre l'aereo stava tentando di atterrare.Iscriviti e segui "Notizie dall'Ucraina": YouTube: https://bit.ly/3FqWppn Spreaker: https://bit.ly/42g2ONG Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3JE1OMi Spotify: https://spoti.fi/40bpm0v Amazon Music: https://amzn.to/40HVQ37 Audible: https://bit.ly/4370ARc     I podcast Adnkronos: Eurofocus: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/eurofocus_europa/  Fa notizia da 60 anni: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/adnkronos60_podcast/  Aggiungi contatto: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/aggiungi_contatto/  Notizie dall'Ucraina: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/notizie_ucraina/  Israele sotto attacco: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/israele_sotto_attacco/  Le Storie, La Storia: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/le_storie_la_storia/  Sanremo Express: https://www.adnkronos.com/speciali/sanremo_podcast_2024   Resta in contatto con noi: https://www.adnkronos.com/  https://x.com/Adnkronos  https://www.facebook.com/AgenziaAdnKronos  https://www.instagram.com/adnkronos_/   Ph: AFP  Musiche su licenza Machiavelli Music.  AdKey:zP-94qNWQqj3XM 

Tragedia di Natale in Kazakistan: un aereo passeggeri partito da Baku, in Azerbaijan, e diretto a Grozny, in Cecenia, è precipitato nei pressi dell'aeroporto di Aktau. Si tratta di un volo della Azerbaijan Airlines.

This is the Catch-Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express, and I'm Flora Swain.Today is the 25th of December, and here are the headlines:BJP Meets NDA Leaders to Counter Opposition NarrativeAmid Congress and the INDIA bloc's attack over Amit Shah's remarks on B.R. Ambedkar, top BJP leaders, including Shah and J.P. Nadda, met NDA allies to discuss a united front. They focused on countering the opposition's narrative, especially on Shah's comments, caste census, and social justice issues. Shah emphasized Congress's attempts to create false narratives, urging NDA leaders to stand together against the opposition's criticism.Delhi CM Takes Action Over Fraudulent NoticesDelhi Chief Minister Atishi announced strict administrative action against two officers for disowning two AAP schemes. The officers released public notices calling the Mukhyamantri Mahila Samman Yojana and Sanjeevani Yojana fraudulent. The schemes, which aim to provide financial aid to women and free medical treatment for seniors, were targeted in the notices. Atishi condemned the officers' actions and vowed immediate steps to address the situation.Uttarakhand Bus Accident Leaves 3 Dead, Dozens InjuredA tragic road accident in Uttarakhand's Bhimtal area resulted in the deaths of three people and injuries to over two dozen. The bus, traveling from Bhimtal to Haldwani, fell into a 100-meter deep ditch with 20-25 passengers on board. Rescue teams, including the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), swiftly responded, taking the injured to nearby hospitals. The rescue operation is ongoing as authorities investigate the cause of the crash.Plane Crash in Kazakhstan Leaves 30 Dead, 32 SurviveA plane crash near Aktau, Kazakhstan, involving an Azerbaijan Airlines Embraer 190, has left over 30 dead, with 32 survivors. The flight from Baku to Grozny crashed during an emergency landing attempt approximately 3 kilometers from Aktau. Disturbing footage shows the plane bursting into flames upon impact. Emergency teams extinguished the fire, and survivors were rushed to hospitals. Investigations are underway into the cause of the crash.Russia Strikes Ukraine's Energy System on Christmas DayOn Christmas Day, Russia launched a brutal missile and drone attack on Ukraine's energy infrastructure, leaving at least seven people dead or injured. Strikes on Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk caused blackouts and heating disruptions, with half a million people left without heat. President Zelenskyy condemned the attacks, calling them inhuman, as Russia fired more than 70 missiles and 100 drones during the holiday assault.This was the Catch-Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express.

** VIDEO EN NUESTRO CANAL DE YOUTUBE **** https://youtu.be/SnZx-q3lvJk +++++ Hazte con nuestras camisetas en https://www.bhmshop.app ++++ #actualidad #geopolítica Un avión con 67 personas se estrella en Kazajstán y al menos 32 sobrevivien. Pasadas las horas, las imagenes y videos nos dan pista de a posible causas del accidente aéreo que nos recuerda el vuelo 370 de Malaysia Airlines en el 2014 COMPRA EN AMAZON CON EL ENLACE DE BHM Y AYUDANOS ************* https://amzn.to/3ZXUGQl ************ Si queréis apoyar a Bellumartis Historia Militar e invitarnos a un café o u una cerveza virtual por nuestro trabajo, podéis visitar nuestro PATREON / bellumartis o en PAYPALhttps://www.paypal.me/bellumartis o en BIZUM 656/778/825

32 Survivors Recorded In Azerbaijan Plane Crash In Kazakhstanhttps://osazuwaakonedo.news/32-survivors-recorded-in-azerbaijan-plane-crash-in-kazakhstan/25/12/2024/#Breaking News #Aktau #Azal #Azerbaijan #Baku #Gozny #Kazakhstan #Russia ©December 25th, 2024 ®December 25, 2024 3:06 pm Azerbaijan Foreign Ministry has confirmed that 32 persons have been recorded as survivors among the 62 passengers, 5 crew members onboard Azal Airline flying from Baku to Grozny city in Russia that burst into flame while negotiating emergency landing on Christmas day near Aktau Airport in Kazakhstan. #OsazuwaAkonedo

durée : 00:58:41 - Cultures Monde - par : Julie Gacon, Mélanie Chalandon - Entre Moscou et Grozny, le pacte est simple : contre l'autonomie et une manne financière importante, Ramzan Kadyrov assure à Poutine la stabilité de la Tchétchénie. Mais le dictateur tchétchène teste régulièrement les limites de son autonomie, faisant de cette relation un contrat à double tranchant. - réalisation : Vivian Lecuivre - invités : Aude Merlin Professeur de sciences politiques à l'Université libre de Bruxelles.; Alexandre Tcherkassov Ex-président du conseil des droits humains de l'ONG Memorial, lauréate du prix Nobel de la paix en 2022.

Jason Pack is the Founder of Libya-Analysis LLC, and the co-host of Disorder, a geopolitics podcast co-produced with Goalhanger Podcasts. He is a Senior Analyst for Emerging Challenges at the NATO Defence College Foundation in Rome. In partnership with NDCF, Jason leads a project entitled NATO and the Global Enduring Disorder, which produces a range of content (including the Disorder podcast and series of publications) attempting to sketch out a ‘unified field theory' of our current era of geopolitics while proposing actionable solutions to our most pressing collective action challenges. His most recent book, Libya and the Global Enduring Disorder (Hurst, Oxford University Press) is a ‘cross-over' academic book that explores what Libya's dysfunctional economic structures and its ongoing civil war reveal about our era of 21st-century geopolitics. Jason's concept – that we no longer inhabit the post-Cold War World, but have entered a new era – the ‘Enduring Disorder' – was conceived to describe the collective action failures that have come to define international politics.In this discussion, Jason Pack talks to Greg Olear about the death of Raisi in Iran, the situation in Ukraine, Biden's policy in Gaza, and why a Labor victory in the UK elections would be good for Joe Biden. Plus: a Republican Party game!Listen to the DISORDER podcast:https://linktr.ee/disorderpodMore about jason:https://www.jasonpack.org/Check out ROUGH BEAST, Greg's new book:https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D47CMX17 Check out ROUGH BEAST, Greg's new book:https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0D47CMX17 Subscribe to the PREVAIL newsletter:https://gregolear.substack.com/aboutWould you like to tell us more about you? http://survey.podtrac.com/start-survey.aspx?pubid=BffJOlI7qQcF&ver=short

The sun is shining, the flowers are in bloom, there is a dense fog over the Iranian-Azeri border, what time does that make it? Russo-Ukrainian Summer Offensive Time!     This episode starts with a short emergency-cast about the crash of the Iranian President's helicopter due to fog. Jason briefly investigates if the death of this ‘disorderer-in-chief' is likely to bring any more order to the Middle East region, before rejoining our regularly scheduled programming about Ukraine.    Over the last two weeks, Russia has been gaining territory in Ukraine's northeast, while the shelling of Kharkiv has progressively increased. This does not come as a surprise. The Ukrainians have been on the back foot militarily since their 2023 Summer offensive stalled.    What is the strategic logic of Russia's recent advance? Jason is joined by acclaimed military historian Saul David. He co-hosts our sister podcast within the Goalhanger network, Battleground. Saul and Jason debate the strategic logic behind Russia's recent moves – proposing three alternative theses for Russia's actions: 1) Putin is trying to create a buffer zone in northeastern Ukraine; 2) the current offensive is a faint to draw Ukrainian troops to the north prior to a Russian attack in Donbass; 3) Russia is trying to turn Kharkiv into Mariupol, Grozny, or Aleppo, that is to say to aerially decimate the city and inflict tremendous humanitarian suffering on its populace without any hope of actually conquering it.      After sketching a broad-brush stroke picture of the tactical and strategic situation on the ground, Saul and Jason discuss how new shipments of Western armaments will affect the current fighting; recent Russian attempts to assassinate President Zelensky; if the murder of Navalny has changed battlefield dynamics at all; the role of China and the ongoing Gaza war upon the fighting in Ukraine; and what are the relevant historical parallels to the current fighting and what lessons they hold for orderers.    Twitter: @DisorderShow    Subscribe to our Substack: https://natoandtheged.substack.com/     Website: https://natoandtheglobalenduringdisorder.com/     Producer: George McDonagh  Exec Producer: Neil Fearn    Show Notes Links    For a quick overview of Iranian President Raisi's death and what happens next: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/20/world/europe/raisi-iran-instability.html     Listen to Goalhanger's excellent Battleground Pod here: https://www.goalhangerpodcasts.com/battleground     Get Saul's Sunday Times bestselling book, Sky Warriors: British Airborne Forces in the Second World War, here:  https://www.amazon.co.uk/Sky-Warriors-British-Airborne-Forces/dp/0008522162    Learn more about what is going on:  Is the Russian offensive a faint? Read more here: https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/05/16/russias-victory-day-campaign-just-ran-into-a-wall-of-ukrainian-mechanized-troops/     More on Tactics and Armaments affecting development in Kharkiv: https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/05/15/russia-kharkiv-offensive-ukraine-vovchansk-weapons-biden/        For more on Blinken's visit to Kyiv: https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/14/ukraine-zelenskiy-calls-for-more-air-defences-as-blinken-arrives-in-kyiv    And on the Russian plot to assassinate Zelensky:  https://www.newsweek.com/zelensky-assassination-plot-foiled-1897852    Find out more on Ukraine's will to survive and defend Kharkiv from Jade McGlynn:  Her recent Pod with Arthur Snell:   https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/behind-the-lines-with-arthur-snell/id1704344656?i=1000653710733    And her Dispatch from Kharkiv commemorating the 2 year anniversary of the war: https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/despatch-from-kharkiv/    Finally, Jason and Bill Browder's ideas on the need for a seizure of Frozen Russian asset via Navalny acts: https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/opinion/what-makes-a-martyr-alexei-navalny-shines-a-light-on-vladimir-putin-s-evil-tyranny/ar-BB1ja4If   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

#UKRAINE: Kharkiv is slowly being levelled to rubble like Grozny and Aleppo. Josh Rogin, Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2024/05/13/russia-ukraine-kharkiv-putin-war-terekhov/  Kyiv 1900

PREVIEW: #RUSSIA: #KHARKIV:  Conversation with colleague Josh Rogin of the Washington Post re the Russian bombardment of Kharkiv and how it compares to what happened to Grozny in Chechnya and Aleppo in Syria.  Details later. 1945 Moscow

Giorgio Fornoni"Putinstan"Come la Russia è diventata una stato canagliaChiareletterewww.chiarelettere.itLa spietata analisi del potere in Russia nelle parole di un grande inviato di guerra e giornalista di Report.In nessun luogo come in Russia si avverte in maniera tanto forte e incisiva il peso della storia. Ma non si può comprendere fino in fondo quello che sta succedendo oggi in Ucraina e nel mondo se di quella storia non si sottolinea anche la deriva autoritaria che spesso in Russia ha avuto l'esercizio del potere: dal dispotismo più o meno illuminato degli zar alla rivoluzione bolscevica, dalle purghe di Stalin fino alle recenti velleità neo-imperialiste. Consapevole di questo passato, il reporter Giorgio Fornoni ha percorso i lunghi binari della Transiberiana per capire l'anima più vera di quel che è diventato, secondo la celebre definizione dell'attivista Aleksej Naval'nyi, il «Putinstan».Il risultato è un'inchiesta senza precedenti che attraversa gli orrori e le testimonianze dei gulag sovietici, le rovine di Grozny e i campi profughi della Cecenia, i depositi di armi chimiche delle città segrete sugli Urali, le mille vie del gas che alimentano il potere corrotto e miserabile degli oligarchi. Le speranze di una convivenza pacifica con l'Occidente, dopo decenni di Guerra fredda e di sostanziale stabilità, sono oggi definitivamente crollate, e in questo libro Giorgio Fornoni, ripercorrendo i luoghi di una semisconosciuta geografia della disperazione e del male assoluto, offre un'analisi lucidissima e dettagliata delle infinite e brutali contraddizioni che ancora attraversano la Russia.Giorgio Fornoni è un giornalista e un inviato. Attraverso le sue numerose inchieste in tutto il mondo ha documentato alcune delle più grandi emergenze dei nostri giorni, dalla lavorazione della coca in Perù al traffico di oro nell'ex Zaire, dall'evacuazione della Liberia a quella dell'Angola. Dal 1999 collabora con la trasmissione televisiva Report.IL POSTO DELLE PAROLEascoltare fa pensarewww.ilpostodelleparole.itDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/il-posto-delle-parole--1487855/support.

Misunderstood, misused, under-appreciated, the T-80 was cut from production a lifetime ago.  And yet the hard lessons of the Ukraine war have seen its qualities come to be perceived in a new light, and production has been restarted! The halftime interview features Ross Manuel, you can find him at → https://thedocnetwork.net/

The Kadyrov regime, installed by Moscow in Grozny after the fall of Ichkeria, a short-lived independent Chechen state that existed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has led to a severe deterioration of human rights in Chechnya, as reports of police brutality, disappearances, torture, and the persecution of people formerly associated with Ichkeria became all too common. Tens of thousands have since fled Chechnya and settled in Europe, with more attempting to seek asylum after Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. However, some of the new arrivals have found a less than warm reception as the Chechen diaspora grapples with Islamaphobia and stereotypes in their host countries. This week, Chamil Albakov, a representative of a group that claims to uphold the legacy of Ichkeria, with a government in exile, in France and Marat Ilyasov, a visiting scholar at George Washington University, talk about the challenges and stereotypes the Chechens of Europe face, and Europe's denial of asylum to Chechens fleeing Kadyrov's Chechnya and mobilisation in Russia. Read more: Chechen denied asylum in Switzerland as authorities deem Chechnya ‘safe' for his return Chechen detainee reportedly granted refugee status in Croatia French Interior Minister under investigation over deportation of Chechen refugee Become a supporter at oc-media.org/support_us, or on Patreon.

The Soviet Union is toast, Chechnya is at war and Grozny, its embattled capital, is being bombed to dust. Gangs of Chechen criminals are getting rich off the bloodshed, capitalizing on gun- and drug-running networks that flourished under Communism. When the war ends a new breed of Chechen mobster-terrorist emerges, empowered by Arab Jihad and financed by goons who've grown fat on the patronage of oligarchs. After a brutal period of rocket strikes, school sieges and plane hijackings, Chechnya enters a new, stable—but semi-feudal—stage, led by a family of boxers and religious zealots: the Kadyrovs. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In a recent CNN interview of US presidential candidate Cornel West, former CIA intern Anderson Cooper argued that the US invasion of Iraq was morally superior to the Russian attack on the city of Grozny. Reading by Tim Foley.

My guest in this episode is Dr. Kolja Spori. Kolja is a former Hugo Boss Executive, Formula 1 Agent,  and Austrian Economist who has visited all 193 countries of the world. He also worked at for the Rothschilds in Geneva, Switzerland. Kolja loves to travel but specifically adventure travels to conflict areas which earned him the nickname, Dr. Dangerzone. In his quest to seek truth and liberty, he met freedom fighters, guerrillas and warlords, such as the FARC leaders "Black Death" and Tanja Nijmeijer in the Colombian mountains, the Russian Nightwolf "Chirurg" in Crimea, Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov in Grozny, and Liberia's putschist Prince Johnson in Monrovia. Kolja narrowly missed the bombing of Donbas rebel leader Alexander Sakharchenko in the Separatist Cafè Donezk, and he won a staredown against US "Defence Secretary" Donald Rumsfeld in an elevator in Batumi. Interview Links: Kolja's Blog: https://luxuryrogue.wordpress.com/ Resources: The 21 Best Cashflow Niches™: www.cashflowninja.com/21niches Subscribe To The Best Cashflow Niches™ Newsletter: www.cashflowninja.com/bestniches Join My Inner Circle & Mastermind Cashflow Nirvana www.cashflowninja.com/nirvana Connect With Us: Website: http://cashflowninja.com Podcast: http://resetinvestingsecrets.com Podcast: http://cashflowinvestingsecrets.com Substack: https://mclaubscher.substack.com/ Amazon Audible: https://a.co/d/1xfM1Vx Amazon Audible: https://a.co/d/aGzudX0 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cashflowninja/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/mclaubscher Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thecashflowninja/ Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mclaubscher/ Gab: https://gab.com/cashflowninja Gettr: https://gettr.com/user/mclaubscher Minds: https://www.minds.com/cashflowninja Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/c/Cashflowninja Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/cashflowninja/ Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/c-329875 Odysee: https://odysee.com/@Cashflowninja:9 Gab Tv: https://tv.gab.com/channel/cashflowninja Brighteon: https://www.brighteon.com/channels/cashflowninja

Full episode for subscribers: https://www.patreon.com/posts/85372158 On Gumroad: https://russianswithattitude.gumroad.com/ 00:00:00 - A brief history of Russia from the Mongol Yoke to Ivan IV Grozny 00:07:30 - A portrait of Ivan IV 00:20:25 - Conquest of Kazan 00:28:40 - Conquest of Astrakhan & Russo-Turkish war 00:34:00 - Livonian war 00:46:10 - Oprichnina & Novgorod massacre 00:56:35 - Grozny's wives and heirs 01:07:00 - Death of Ivan IV

The images of Bakhmut, the latest Ukrainian city to be left in ruins after months of Russian shelling, evoke memories of the Second World War. Every building reduced to piles of pulverized concrete or a flimsy facade with windows blasted out, streets clogged by rubble and wrecked vehicles. But you don't have to peer back into the 1940s for parallels to what's happening in Ukraine today. In the mid-1990s and early 2000s, Russia destroyed Grozny, the largest city in Chechnya, twice. Tens of thousands of civilians died. It was in the Second Chechen War when newly empowered Vladimir Putin, then 47, crushed Chechen independence on his way to reestablishing Russian state power after the enervating turmoil of the prior decade. As in Grozny a decade ago, Russian military commanders are showing no qualms about using massive violence against urban areas, an unsettling indication of where the current war is headed. In this episode, historian Mark Galeotti, the author of more than 25 books on Russia, discusses the parallels between the first major war of the post-Soviet era (prosecuted by Boris Yeltsin against Chechnya) and Putin's destructive bid to subjugate Ukraine.

Martine van Bijlert is a writer and researcher from the Netherlands. Now 52, she grew up in Iran and worked in places like Kabul, Grozny and Tehran as an aid worker, diplomat and researcher. She now divides her time between her own creative projects and her work for the Afghanistan Analysts Network, a Kabul-based think tank she founded with friends.  She is self-identified autistic and ADHD, and says she feels like she has always been surrounded by neurodivergent people, as a child, during her studies and in her work abroad, and perhaps because of that she thought things were easier for her than for other people, not harder - which is probably one of the reasons it took her a while to unearth her own neurodivergence. We talk about: ➡ Finding life more difficult as she's got older ➡ Realising that most of her family were probably neurodivergent, including her Bible-smuggling grandfather ➡ Being drawn to foreign countries after spending her early childhood in Iran ➡ How her neurodivergent objectivity, pragmatism and cool-headed logic helped her in dangerous situations ➡ Her experience of burnout after setting up and running an organisation in Kabul - and its links to neurodivergent idealism and how we can lose our internal compass as a result Squarepeg is a podcast in which neurodivergent women, and trans and nonbinary people, explore navigating a neurotypical world and share their insights, challenges and successes. I hope that these conversations will be inspiring and thought provoking, open you up to new ways of thinking about being neurodivergent, and help you feel more connected to a worldwide community of people with similar experiences. I'm Amy Richards, and after being diagnosed autistic at the age of 37 I'm now on a mission to learn more about different perspectives and issues around being a neurodivergent adult in a world that feels like it doesn't quite fit.   EPISODE LINKS: Martine's website: www.martinevanbijlert.com  Her (beautiful!) Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mvbijlert/  AAN website: www.afghanistan-analysts.org   If you'd like to connect or get in touch with Squarepeg, you can find me on: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/squarepeg.community/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/squarepegautism  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/squarepegautism/  Or on my website: https://squarepeg.community/    THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS! A HUGE thank you to my amazing patrons, who support my work on the podcast: Abi Hunter, Adam Klager, Amy Adler, Amy-Beth Mellor, Anika Lacerte, Annette, Becky Beasley, Ben Davies, Caroline, Cat Preston, Catrin Green, Cindy Bailey, Clare Forrest, Clare Holmes, Corinne Cariad, Dana Bradley, Danielle Warby, Dawn Trevellion, Dennis McNulty, Elizabeth Williams, Erica Kenworthy, Erin Pineapple, Fiona Connor, Galina, Gwyneth, Hannah Breslin, Jackie Allen, JF, Jayne Hutchinson, Jeff Goldman, Jen Bartlett, Julie, Katarzyna Tomaszewska, Kate and Kathryn, Kate Faust, Katharine Richards, Katherine Lynch, Kenneth Knowles, Laura, Laurencia Saenz Benavides, Lea Li, Leo Ricketts, Lilli Simmons, Linda Brown, Liz, LQ, Lyb, Mandy Allen, Marjory Webber, Martine, Melissa Shaw, Meredith L. Freyre, MN, Paul Harris, Pete Burke, Rebecca Biegel, Rebecca Kemp, Sarah Cottrell, Sarah Jeffery, Sarah Ivinson, Sarah Swanton, Suzanna Chen, Suzanne, Talia's Nature, Tammie Fabien, Tamsen Staniford, Tegan Bailey, Tessa Valyou, Tree Hall, Vic Wiener, Vicki Temple, Victoria Chang, Victoria Routledge, Zephyrine Craster and Zoe Lee. If you're enjoying the Squarepeg podcast and would like to help me carry on making new episodes, you can become a member of the Squarepeg community on Patreon from £3 per month: https://www.patreon.com/squarepegpodcast

In December 1994, Russian forces began the siege of Chechnya's capital Grozny. Dr Aslan Doukaev was a university teacher when the first Chechen war started. In this programme first broadcast in 2010 he tells Ed Butler about surviving months of conflict. (Photo: Russian soldier during the siege of Grozny. Credit: Getty Images)

Par la voix de son ministre de la Défense et celle du chef d'état-major des armées, la Russie a récemment accusé l'Ukraine de fabriquer une bombe "sale", destinée à frapper son territoire. Des allégations qui ont été repoussées par l'Ukraine et les Occidentaux. Mais qu'entend-on par le terme de "bombe sale"? Il s'agit d'une bombe contenant à la fois des explosifs et des matières radioactives. Elles peuvent être constituées de déchets militaires, médicaux ou industriels. Ce terme de bombe "sale", ou DDR, pour "dispositif de dispersion radiologique", est réservé aux bombes contenant des matières radioactives. Il ne désigne donc pas, en principe, les bombes biologiques, qui dispersent un virus, ou les bombes chimiques, qui peuvent répandre un produit nocif, comme le gaz moutarde par exemple. Comme les armes chimiques et biologiques, les bombes sales sont interdites par les conventions internationales chargées de réglementer l'usage des armes de guerre. Malgré la présence de matières radioactives dans ces engins, ils ne sont pas assimilés à des bombes nucléaires. En effet, les éléments radioactifs y sont en trop faible quantité pour provoquer des maladies mortelles. Ce qui n'en fait pas pour autant des armes inoffensives. En effet, l'explosion même de la bombe peut faire des victimes. Pourtant, ces bombes sont plutôt considérées comme des armes de "perturbation massive", et non de "destruction massive", comme les bombes nucléaires. Leur objectif principal n'est donc pas tant de faire des victimes que de provoquer la panique dans la population. En contaminant des zones entières, une bombe sale peut aussi désorganiser la vie d'un pays. Cette bombe radiologique peut donc représenter un réel danger, d'autant qu'elle peut être utilisée par des groupes terroristes ou des militants nationalistes. Ainsi, en 1995 et 1998, des séparatistes tchétchènes ont tenté, sans succès, de faire exploser des bombes sales à Moscou et près de Grozny, la capitale tchétchène. Des militants d'Al-Qaïda et des opposants au gouvernement du Bangladesh ont également été soupçonnés, au début des années 2000, de vouloir utiliser une bombe radiologique. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Par la voix de son ministre de la Défense et celle du chef d'état-major des armées, la Russie a récemment accusé l'Ukraine de fabriquer une bombe "sale", destinée à frapper son territoire.Des allégations qui ont été repoussées par l'Ukraine et les Occidentaux. Mais qu'entend-on par le terme de "bombe sale"? Il s'agit d'une bombe contenant à la fois des explosifs et des matières radioactives. Elles peuvent être constituées de déchets militaires, médicaux ou industriels.Ce terme de bombe "sale", ou DDR, pour "dispositif de dispersion radiologique", est réservé aux bombes contenant des matières radioactives. Il ne désigne donc pas, en principe, les bombes biologiques, qui dispersent un virus, ou les bombes chimiques, qui peuvent répandre un produit nocif, comme le gaz moutarde par exemple.Comme les armes chimiques et biologiques, les bombes sales sont interdites par les conventions internationales chargées de réglementer l'usage des armes de guerre.Malgré la présence de matières radioactives dans ces engins, ils ne sont pas assimilés à des bombes nucléaires. En effet, les éléments radioactifs y sont en trop faible quantité pour provoquer des maladies mortelles.Ce qui n'en fait pas pour autant des armes inoffensives. En effet, l'explosion même de la bombe peut faire des victimes. Pourtant, ces bombes sont plutôt considérées comme des armes de "perturbation massive", et non de "destruction massive", comme les bombes nucléaires.Leur objectif principal n'est donc pas tant de faire des victimes que de provoquer la panique dans la population. En contaminant des zones entières, une bombe sale peut aussi désorganiser la vie d'un pays.Cette bombe radiologique peut donc représenter un réel danger, d'autant qu'elle peut être utilisée par des groupes terroristes ou des militants nationalistes. Ainsi, en 1995 et 1998, des séparatistes tchétchènes ont tenté, sans succès, de faire exploser des bombes sales à Moscou et près de Grozny, la capitale tchétchène.Des militants d'Al-Qaïda et des opposants au gouvernement du Bangladesh ont également été soupçonnés, au début des années 2000, de vouloir utiliser une bombe radiologique. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Journalist and film maker Johnny O'Reilly joins Eamon to report from Kyiv on Putin's appointment of General 'Armageddon' Surovikin to run Putin's war in Ukraine and the resulting Iranian drones that bombard Kyiv and other cities around Ukraine. Johnny also talks to Eamon about progress on the southern frontline where he has just spent time with Ukrainian troops. Recorded on 18th October 2022. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/the-stand-with-eamon-dunphy. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In Episode 144 of the CounterVortex podcast, Bill Weinberg notes Putin's annexation of Ukraine's Donbas region not only came on exactly the same day as the 1938 Munich Agreement, which approved Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland—it was also the same day that Putin launched two of his previous criminal military adventures. On Sept. 30, 1999, Russian tanks rolled into Chechnya, marking the start of the Second Chechen War, with massive aerial bombardment of the region's capital city of Grozny. On Sept. 30, 2015, Russia began air-strikes in Syria, marking the start of a massive military intervention on behalf of the Bashar Assad dictatorship, in which the city of Aleppo would be virtually destroyed by bombardment. And in Putin's new war of aggression in Ukraine, the Azov seaport of Mariupol has been similarly nearly obliterated. A review of this history reveals Vladimir Putin as a serial city-destroyer, who must be deposed and put on trial for his crimes against humanity. Listen on SoundCloud or via Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/countervortex Production by Chris Rywalt We ask listeners to donate just $1 per weekly podcast via Patreon -- or $2 for our new special offer! We now have 44 subscribers. If you appreciate our work, please become Number 45!

The overreach of the Chechen warlords and the rise of Vladimir Putin combine to precipitate the re-invasion of Chechnya in 1999. Grozny is besieged once again and destroyed in urban combat. Both sides have learned from '94-‘96 but this time Russia is committing far more. Staged “terrorist” attacks help Putin rally support, even as he kills his own people.

Recent dual-degree CREEES and LBJ Global Policies Studies MA graduate Lucia Winkeler returns to the podcast to discuss her research and report “Chechen Chernie Vdovi: The Most Lethal Human ‘Black Widows'” in which she examines the motivations and explanations for Chechen women's involvement in extremist organizations and actions. Content warning: There are discussions of sexual assault and suicide in this episode. Listener discretion is advised. You can listen to Lucia's first episode with us here: https://www.slavxradio.com/black-widows. ABOUT THE GUEST Lucia Winkeler is originally from Austin, Texas. She graduated from Texas A&M University with a BA in international studies and modern languages as a double major; her degree focuses were politics, diplomacy, and Russian. She came to the University of Texas at Austin for the CREEES and LBJ School of Public Affairs dual degree program which enables students to graduate with an MA of Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies and a Master's of Global Policy Studies. Her Master's report focused on analyzing the Chechen "Black Widows" within the Chechen insurgency movement in the Russian Federation. Overall her academic interests include foreign policy, diplomacy, US-Russia relations, national security, Russia relations to its near abroad, and the Caucasus region. After earning her Master's degrees she ideally wants to have a federal career to work on improving the state of US-Russian relations and affect US interests in the Eurasian region overall. PRODUCER'S NOTE: This episode was recorded on December 2021 via Zoom. If you have questions, comments, or would like to be a guest on the show, please email slavxradio@utexas.edu and we will be in touch! CREDITS Producer/Host: Kathryn Yegorov-Crate Associate Producer: Lera Toropin (@earlportion) Associate Producer: Cullan Bendig (@cullanwithana) Assistant Producer: Sergio Glajar Assistant Producer: Taylor Ham Assistant Producer: Misha Simanovskyy (@MSimanovskyy) Social Media Manager: Eliza Fisher Supervising Producer: Katherine Birch Recording, Editing, and Sound Design: Michelle Daniel Music Producer: Charlie Harper (@charlieharpermusic) www.charlieharpermusic.com (Main Theme by Charlie Harper and additional background music by Anthem of Rain, Bernd Bunson, Boss Bass) Executive Producer & Creator: Michelle Daniel (@MSDaniel) www.msdaniel.com DISCLAIMER: Texas Podcast Network is brought to you by The University of Texas at Austin. Podcasts are produced by faculty members and staffers at UT Austin who work with University Communications to craft content that adheres to journalistic best practices. The University of Texas at Austin offers these podcasts at no charge. Podcasts appearing on the network and this webpage represent the views of the hosts, not of The University of Texas at Austin. https://files.fireside.fm/file/fireside-uploads/images/9/9a59b135-7876-4254-b600-3839b3aa3ab1/P1EKcswq.png Special Guest: Lucia Winkeler.

In this episode we begin an exploration of Chechnya's role within the army of Russia and how, after years of animosity and bloodshed, they have no come to be some of Putin's most trusted shock troops. Not all Chechen's agree with this however and a number of them have decided to continue the fight against Russia wherever they can. In the year 2022...that battlefield is now Ukraine.(commercial at 12:36)To contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:https://bobbycapucci.substack.com/p/the-ghosts-of-grozny/comments?s=w

In this episode we begin an exploration of Chechnya's role within the army of Russia and how, after years of animosity and bloodshed, they have no come to be some of Putin's most trusted shock troops. Not all Chechen's agree with this however and a number of them have decided to continue the fight against Russia wherever they can. In the year 2022...that battlefield is now Ukraine.(commercial at 12:36)To contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comsource:https://bobbycapucci.substack.com/p/the-ghosts-of-grozny/comments?s=w

Join The GameJunkiez, as they embark on a journey into the world of Dungeons & Dragons, EXCLUSIVELY on Visionaries Global Media The Gang while still split find themselves still trying to accomplish separate goals. Damien after being dimension doored away from a static eyed Grozny and 8 warforged, finds himself and the unconscious body of Bart being taken into a massive mirrored Pyramid on the outskirts of Ganamede. Lead by a man in a ministers collar and a eye blacker then the void itself, is he friend or foe and what does this Pyramid hold? Wyatt and Virion find themselves reconvening with Knives on one of the many floors of this impossible structure known as The Library Of Ganamede. The only thing they've been able to find, an empty spot on a shelf, where the book of the quest presumably resided before. A massive roar shakes the library stopping any further thought of this book, what lies on the higher floors of this library and will they be able to find the book to help save Avery? Finally after nearly being gutted by a tiny knife wielding simian, Avery finds himself still in a dangerous jungle of Cazador's design, now standing face to face with a massive orange furred Ape carrying a mallet that dwarfs our bruised Aasimar. Will Avery be able to survive another of Cazador's "henchman" or Avery become just another trophy on a wall? Let us dive in and find out the answers to all of these conundrums. Starring! Alex as Avery, the Revived Aasimar Bladesinger Wizard Kerry, as Virion, The Sparkly Wood Elf Warlock/Wizard Caitlin, as Damien, The Angry Air Genasi Shadow Sorcerer/Warlock Matt, as Detective Wyatt Stanton, The Human Power Ranger and Chad, as everyone else in the world ================================ Join the Discord: discord.gg/D3MPshresu Follow Matt: @TheMattAttackUK Follow Alex: @SpiderBreadUk Follow Kerry: @Shirobeans Follow Caitlin: @CaitlinRC Follow Chad: @Chads_Mind ============================= Follow the show: @DungeonJunkiez Follow our sister show, Chris Talks Games: @chrislewis37 Follow our main show: @GameJunkiezPod Follow Caitlin's Content: @OurMindGames Follow Chad's show: @Viewfromtoprope Follow the network: @VisGlobalMedia #WeWillGetThroughThis #DnD #DungeonsNJunkiez Music/Effects Credits: Dark Creatures by Myuu | @myuu Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US In Search Of Solitude by Scott Buckley | https://soundcloud.com/scottbuckley Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Aggressive Gaming Music | WAR by Alex-Productions | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCx0_M61F81Nfb-BRXE-SeVA Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US CURSE by Mehul ShaRma | www.instagram.com/mehulsharma4284/ Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US Decoherence by Scott Buckley | @scottbuckley Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ I Will Find You by Darren Curtis @desperate-measurez The Vision by Scott Buckley | https://soundcloud.com/scottbuckley Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Exile of Kronos by TeknoAXE | http://teknoaxe.com Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Other Music from freemusicarchive.org/ Other Music and Sound Effects from www.zapsplat.com/ Additional Music from www.tabletopaudio.com

Today's guest on the Expat Money Show is Dr. Kolja Spori, Formula 1 Agent and Austrian Economist who has visited all 193 countries of the world. In his quest to seek truth and liberty, he met freedom fighters, guerrillas and warlords, such as the FARC leaders "Black Death" and Tanja Nijmeijer in the Colombian mountains, the Russian Nightwolf "Chirurg" in Crimea, Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov in Grozny, and Liberia's putschist Prince Johnson in Monrovia. Kolja narrowly missed the bombing of Donbas rebel leader Alexander Sakharchenko in the Separatist Cafè Donezk, and he won a staredown against US "Defence Secretary" Donald Rumsfeld in an elevator in Batumi. He is often known by his nickname Dr. Dangerzone and is the Ambassador of Germany to the World's youngest country: Liberland, and he also happens to be a very dear friend of mine, so I'm really excited to have him on our show!    A GLIMPSE INTO MY CONVERSATION WITH KOLJA What an intense conversation with Kolja on the most dangerous cities and countries you can travel to and what can happen at any moment while you are there. What life is like when you have visited every UN country in the world, especially war zones…  We talk about THE most dangerous capital in the world and what the government does and doesn't do to protect its citizens. On the other hand, we talk about Russia and the freedom from government and what it's like in Siberia. Such dichotomy. I really wanted to understand what is it about these dangerous countries or the war zone that attracted Kolja to want to visit and see them, and why he continues to visit them again and again. Listen in as Kolja describes war zones and crisis areas in Belfast, Northern Ireland… what it felt like and the process he undertook to be able to process what was happening… countries like Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and the Congo… each one more dangerous than the other How hiring a local taxi driver in these horrific war zone areas who can explain why after so many years these things are still happening, can impact who you are as a person and why it's so important to understand the truth. Find out which city and country are Kolja's most favourite of all the countries he has visited in his lifetime. I bet you'll never guess. How the information we get on television or in our mainstream media is the direct opposite of the reality on the ground, as we discuss several different countries and what life is actually like living there. Extreme Traveller Congress… from billionaire to backpacker, how 150 participants come together, no matter what they've done in the past, and why it just doesn't matter, all for the love of travel and adventure. We discuss in detail what life is like for Kolja now, living in Monaco, after spending years travelling… is this still a passion for him? I wanted to understand what Kolja has learned from visiting all of these different types of war zone countries and meeting the players that are involved? What have been his insights? If you have an extra $250,000 sitting around and want to do something so radical that almost no one else on earth has done or even heard about, then listen as Kolja pitches you on his next adventure of 2023.   RELATED EPISODES https://expatmoneyshow.com/episodes/vit-jedlika (159: Creating A Libertarian Country From Scratch – Vít Jedlička ) https://expatmoneyshow.com/episodes/jennings-wright/ (145: Building A Nonprofit In The Slums Of Uganda – Jennings Wright ) https://expatmoneyshow.com/episodes/salvatore-lavallo/ (128: Travelling To Every Country In The World – Salvatore Lavallo )   HOW TO CONTACT KOLJA SPORI http://www.spori.net (Spori.net)   CONCLUSION This was a fun hour spent with my friend, smoking a cigar and talking about our radical travels throughout our lives. I'm not a jealous person, but wow, Kolja's experiences have been just mind-blowing for me.  If...

Join The GameJunkiez, as they embark on a journey into the world of Dungeons & Dragons, EXCLUSIVELY on Visionaries Global Media Damien finds himself hunting through the Golden Crane for Grozny to get answers with Bart. Avery finds himself in the same, yet somehow different jungle, being hunted by a new predator that has yet to be seen, but the traps seem to say they may be ready for Avery. Finally Detective Wyatt and Virion locating the Library of Ganamede, now find themselves searching the massive, impossible structure, trying to find a single book that will help save Avery. Will any of these 4 accomplish their goals, will any of these 4 survive, well listen in and find out. Starring! Alex as Avery, the Revived Aasimar Bladesinger Wizard Kerry, as Virion, The Sparkly Wood Elf Warlock/Wizard Caitlin, as Damien, The Angry Air Genasi Shadow Sorcerer/Warlock Matt, as Detective Wyatt Stanton, The Human Power Ranger and Chad, as everyone else in the world ================================ Join the Discord: discord.gg/D3MPshresu Follow Matt: @TheMattAttackUK Follow Alex: @SpiderBreadUk Follow Kerry: @Shirobeans Follow Caitlin: @CaitlinRC Follow Chad: @Chads_Mind ============================= Follow the show: @DungeonJunkiez Follow our sister show, Chris Talks Games: @chrislewis37 Follow our main show: @GameJunkiezPod Follow Caitlin's Content: @OurMindGames Follow Chad's show: @Viewfromtoprope Follow the network: @VisGlobalMedia #WeWillGetThroughThis #DnD #DungeonsNJunkiez Music/Effects Credits: Dark Creatures by Myuu | @myuu Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US * COMING SOON * Other Music from freemusicarchive.org/ Other Music and Sound Effects from www.zapsplat.com/ Additional Music from www.tabletopaudio.com

Masha Gessen is reporting for The New Yorker on the war in Ukraine, which is now in its fourth month. They checked in with David Remnick from Kyiv, which seems almost normal, with “hipsters in cafés” and people riding electric scooters. But the scooters, Gessen noted, are popular because prices have skyrocketed and gasoline is unaffordable. All the talk, meanwhile, is of war crimes—of murder, rape, torture, and kidnapping. (The Russian government has denied involvement in any war crimes.) And outside the city, in the suburbs, Gessen finds “unimaginable destruction,” comparable to what they saw in Grozny, Chechnya, “after the second war—after they'd had nearly ten years of carpet bombing.” The scale of atrocities, Gessen says, makes any diplomatic compromise over territory impossible for Ukrainians to accept. Plus, the head of the largest flight attendants' union talks with the staff writer Jennifer Gonnerman about leading her members through turbulent times, with organized labor making a comeback, while unruly passenger behavior is reaching new heights.

Join The GameJunkiez, as they embark on a journey into the world of Dungeons & Dragons, EXCLUSIVELY on Visionaries Global Media The Gang still finding themselves separated find themselves all in very different situations. Damien finds himself in the Humvee of Grozny heading back from the crater that used to be an aquarium on the outskirts of Ganamede, Avery fell afoul of a rushing river in the jungle of Cazador's creation hitting his head and passing out, and finally Virion & Wyatt along with Knives stumbled into a Spirit Naga's nest on the northern outskirts of Ganamede. How will the gang survive all this turmoil and will they ever reunite, well lets find out Starring! Alex as Avery, the Revived Aasimar Bladesinger Wizard Kerry, as Virion, The Sparkly Wood Elf Warlock/Wizard Caitlin, as Damien, The Angry Air Genasi Shadow Sorcerer/Warlock Matt, as Detective Wyatt Stanton, The Human Power Ranger and Chad, as everyone else in the world ================================ Join the Discord: discord.gg/D3MPshresu Follow Matt: @TheMattAttackUK Follow Alex: @SpiderBreadUk Follow Kerry: @Shirobeans Follow Caitlin: @CaitlinRC Follow Chad: @Chads_Mind ============================= Follow the show: @DungeonJunkiez Follow our sister show, Chris Talks Games: @chrislewis37 Follow our main show: @GameJunkiezPod Follow Caitlin's Content: @OurMindGames Follow Chad's show: @Viewfromtoprope Follow the network: @VisGlobalMedia #WeWillGetThroughThis #DnD #DungeonsNJunkiez Music/Effects Credits: Dark Creatures by Myuu | @myuu Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US On Your Six by Arthur Vyncke | https://soundcloud.com/arthurvost Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US Chase by Alexander Nakarada | https://www.serpentsoundstudios.com Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ I Will Find You by Darren-Curtis | https://soundcloud.com/desperate-measurez Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US Shadows by Hayden Folker | https://soundcloud.com/hayden-folker Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US Other Music from freemusicarchive.org/ Other Music and Sound Effects from www.zapsplat.com/ Additional Music from www.tabletopaudio.com

Join The GameJunkiez, as they embark on a journey into the world of Dungeons & Dragons, EXCLUSIVELY on Visionaries Global Media The Gang still finding themselves separated find themselves all in very different situations. Avery still in the jungle of Cazador's creation being hunted by "blind" hound like creatures, Virion and Detective Wyatt riding out the north gate with Knives the Githzerai astride Khokobos heading towards The Library of Ganamede and Damien being sent on a mission with the now head of Vicious' Security Force, Grozny the Giff. What awaits the gang at all of these separate junctures and does it all connect? Well lets jump back in and find out Starring! Alex as Avery, the Revived Aasimar Bladesinger Wizard Kerry, as Virion, The Sparkly Wood Elf Warlock/Wizard Caitlin, as Damien, The Angry Air Genasi Shadow Sorcerer/Warlock Matt, as Detective Wyatt Stanton, The Human Power Ranger and Chad, as everyone else in the world ================================ Join the Discord: discord.gg/D3MPshresu Follow Matt: @TheMattAttackUK Follow Alex: @SpiderBreadUk Follow Kerry: @Shirobeans Follow Caitlin: @CaitlinRC Follow Chad: @Chads_Mind ============================= Follow the show: @DungeonJunkiez Follow our sister show, Chris Talks Games: @chrislewis37 Follow our main show: @GameJunkiezPod Follow Caitlin's Content: @OurMindGames Follow Chad's show: @Viewfromtoprope Follow the network: @VisGlobalMedia #WeWillGetThroughThis #DnD #DungeonsNJunkiez Music/Effects Credits: Dark Creatures by Myuu | @myuu Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US Predator or Prey? by Darren-Curtis | @desperate-measurez Music promoted by www.free-stock-music.com Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en_US Night Bar Nightmare - www.free-stock-music.com/night-bar-nightmare.html Anemo by Alexander Nakarada | https://www.serpentsoundstudios.com Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Other Music from freemusicarchive.org/ Other Music and Sound Effects from www.zapsplat.com/ Additional Music from www.tabletopaudio.com

After two decades of anarchy, one man appeared from the darkness to restore the Golden Horde to its might: this was Toqtamish. Just as the candle may spark up just before it goes out,  Toqtamish seemed poised to right the wrongs of the previous decades, and reaffirm the power of the Golden Horde over its subjects, and thus bring about further centuries of greatness. But then came Temür, Toqtamish's former patron, turned greatest enemy. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Age of Conquest.   While our series on the Golden Horde has so far focused on the descendants of Batu Khan, the khans of the Golden Horde until the start of 1360s, the other descendants of Jochi's many other sons had their own appanages within the khanate. Of the fourteen named sons of Jochi,  by the late fourteenth century  there were two of these lineages left who held any might. These were the lines of Shiban, Jochi's fifth son, and Toqa-Temür, Jochi's youngest son. As the house of Batu and Orda went extinct in the middle of the fourteenth century, the torch of rulership was passed between these lineages. It seems both lineages were largely based in the eastern part of the khanate, in the Blue Horde or the ulus of Orda. The Shibanids held lands in what was to become the Khanate of Sibir, named for the fortress of the same name. The heart of this territory was the upper Irtysh River, and if the name of Sibir sounds familiar, that's because in time it gave its name to Siberia. The Toqa-Temürids meanwhile seem to have generally ranged east of the Ural river, across the Kazakh steppes.   In the chaos that followed Berdi Beğ Khan's death in 1359, it was representatives of the Shibanids who first moved west to claim the throne in Sarai. When Orda's line died out in the 1360s, the Toqa-Temürids were the ones on the scene to usurp the ulus in the Blue Horde lands, though it was not a secure power base. The order of khans is a matter of great contention: reigns were brief, and various sources often offer contradictory information, which is often further contradicted with the dates given on coinage in the period. What is clear is that the Blue Horde contenders quickly, if not immediately, saw their conflict and their state as independent of the wars for Sarai ongoing at the same time. The Blue Horde was now separate, once more, from the Golden.   One of the earliest figures to seize the vacant throne of the Ordaids was Qara-Nogai, a Toqa-Temürid. In the early 1360s he was elected khan in Sighnaq, the Blue Horde administrative capital, located on the lower reaches of Syr Darya River near the Aral Sea. His reign was brief, but after some years of conflict members of his family continued to claim the throne; the most notable of these was Urus Khan, whose reign is usually dated to beginning in 1368.    Urus Khan was a real strong man— and not a descendant of Orda, as newer research has demonstrated. In the decade of his reign Urus established a firm hold on power and firm military backing. Rivals for the throne were violently killed or exiled, and around 1372 he even led an army to take Sarai and declare himself Khan of the Golden Horde, though he soon abandoned the city. Nonetheless he exercised a monopoly on power in the Blue Horde which made it considerably more stable than the ongoing troubles in the Golden Horde, which was too much even for Urus to exert control over. But such was his influence that his sons and descendants continued to be prominent players for decades. Two sons, Quyurchuq and Ulugh Muhammad, later became khans of the Golden Horde, while the latter established the Khanate of Kazan; a grandson of Urus, Baraq, also became Khan of the Golden Horde, while Urus' great-grandchildren established the Kazakh Khanate. It should not be a surprise then that some historians suggest that Urus should be identified with Alash Khan, the legendary founder of the Kazakhs from whom all khans were descended.  Descent from Urus, in effect, became a new form of legitimacy after the fourteenth century.   As mentioned, Urus took to killing and exiling his rivals to power. These were often fellow Toqa-Temürids. One such fellow who he had killed was his cousin, Toy-Khwaja. In the aftermath, Toy-Khwaja's son was forced to flee; this is our first introduction to Toqtamish. Toy-Khwaja must have been quite the rival and had some following, for Toqtamish never had much trouble finding supporters for himself. One source indicates Toqtamish's mother was a high ranking lady of the Sufi-Qonggirads, a dynasty which had recently established its quasi-independence from the Blue Horde at Urgench and now ruled Khwarezm. A young and courageous warrior, if not the most tactically skilled, Prince Toqtamish deeply desired both revenge and power. Urus Khan's horsemen pursued him, and Toqtamish fled for his life right out of the steppe, crossing the Syr Darya River to seek shelter with a new rising power: Aksak Temür as the Turks of the time knew him; he'd prefer to be known as Emir Temür Güregen, son-in-law to the house of Chinggis and sahib-i qiran, “lord of the Auspicious Conjunction.” Persians knew him as Temür-i Lang, and today we know him best as Tamerlane. Since half the people in this period are named some variation of Temür, to help make it easier to tell everyone apart we'll stick with his popular moniker of Tamerlane.   Since the beginning of the 1360s, Tamerlane had fought for power in the ruins of the western half of the Chagatai Khanate. By spring 1370 he had succeeded in becoming master of Transoxania. As a non-Chinggisid, Tamerlane could not bear the title of khan or rule in his own right over nomads. Thus his official title was Emir, presenting himself as the protector of his new puppet khan, a descendant of Ögedai. From this basis the Timürid empire began to expand.    When Toqtamish fled to the domains of Tamerlane around 1375, the Emir's attention was still mostly local. His campaigns into Iran had not yet begun, and instead he alternated between attacking the Sufi-Qonggirads in Khwarezm, and Qamar al-Din, the ruler of the eastern Chagatai lands, or Moghulistan as it was commonly known at the time.  Undoubtedly, Tamerlane held a wary eye to his northern border; Urus Khan and his horsemen posed a real threat to Tamerlane, in a way none of his other neighbours did. Thus when a young, pliable claimant to the throne of Urus arrived in his court, Tamerlane was more than willing to oblige. Should Toqtamish control the Blue Horde, then Tamerlane needn't worry over that border and could turn his attention elsewhere. Toqtamish was received in Tamerlane's court with high honours and respect, and granted Otrar and other lands along the Syr Darya as patrimony, in addition to troops, horses and supplies. Not coincidentally, Otrar was within spitting distance of Sighnaq. Tamerlane had given Toqtamish a platform to seize the Blue Horde.   Toqtamish quickly began raiding the lands of Urus, building his reputation as a warrior and charismatic leader. But Urus was no fool and quickly had an army sent after Toqtamish, under the command of a son, Qutlugh Buqa. Despite fierce effort on Toqtamish's part, and the death of Qutlugh Buqa in the fighting, Toqtamish was defeated and sent back to Tamerlane. The Emir provided Toqtamish another army, only for Toqtamish to again be defeated when another of Urus' armies came seeking to avenge Qutlugh Buqa. This time, according to the Timurid historian Yazdi, Toqtamish was so thoroughly beaten down that he ditched his armour and swam across the Syr Darya River to save his life, and returned to Tamerlane naked and humbled. Not long after came a representative of Urus, named Edigü, a powerful bey within the Blue Horde and head of the Manghit people. Edigü bore Urus' message demanding Tamerlane handover Toqtamish; was it not right for the father to avenge the son? What right did Tamerlane have to hold such a fugitive?   Tamerlane refused to handover Toqtamish— whatever Tamerlaner's faults, and there were many, he had given his word as overlord to protect the young prince. Some authors go as far as to present an almost father/son dynamic between them. It's not impossible; Tamerlane had gone through his own period of qazaqliq,  the Turkic term for when a prince was reduced to a state of near brigandage, a freebooter fighting for every scrap. It's the etymological basis, by the way, for both the Turkic Kazakh and the Cossacks of the Pontic steppes.  Tamerlane may have sympathized with the fierce, proud Toqtamish, in contrast with his own sons who tended to range from lazy to unreliable. Tamerlane's own favoured son and heir, his second son Jahangir Mirza, died about this time in 1376 or 7, leaving his father stricken with grief. Toqtamish may have filled in the gap, and as Toqtamish himself had lost his father, it's not difficult to imagine Toqtamish valuing Tamerlane's presence greatly.  Of course, it may simply have been convenience on the part of both parties.    With Tamerlane's refusal to hand over Toqtamish, Urus Khan led an army against them. Tamerlane raised one in response, with Toqtamish in the vanguard. Skirmishing ensued, and nearly did the full forces clash, had not, according to Yazdi, a vicious rainstorm kept the armies apart. They returned to their respective realms. The dramatic confrontation between the two great warlords of Central Asia was averted when, likely in 1378, Urus Khan suddenly died, followed in quick succession by the chief of his sons, Toqta Caya.       In a mad dash, Tamerlane sent Toqtamish with an army to Sighnaq, and had him finally declared khan. Tamerlane returned comfortably to his capital of Samarkand, only to learn that Toqtamish had again been ousted, when another of Urus Khan's sons, Temür Malik, had declared himself khan and raised an army. Once more Tamerlane reinforced Toqtamish, though now Toqtamish was able to gather more support of his own. Finally Temür Malik Khan was overcome, and Toqtamish firmly emplaced as Khan of the Blue Horde. Not coincidentally, from this point onwards Tamerlane was able to secure his frontiers and begin his southern conquests into Iran, which would hold his attention for the rest of the 1380s.       The new Khan, Toqtamish,  set about confirming the support of the pillars of his new realm. The Shibanids of Sibir, and the Sufi-Qonggirads of Khwarezm, despite their capital of Urgench being sacked by Tamerlane in 1379, were important suppliers of troops for Toqtamish. Numerous beys and princes came over to pledge allegiance to him. Toqtamish either convinced them of his divine support, or richly rewarded them, and succeeded in breaking even some factions. The Manghit leader Edigü, for instance, found that his brother ‘Isa Beğ became a staunch ally of Toqtamish Khan. Edigü's sister had been married to Urus Khan's son, the late Temür Malik Khan, and despite the latter's defeat Edigü remained a powerful and prominent figure within the Horde, controlling a great swath of pasture east of the Ural and Emba Rivers. To bring him over, or at least stop his active resistance, Toqtamish provided Edigü tarkhan, or tax-exempt, status and granted him more lands.       With his rear secured, Toqtamish had not a moment to lose. His intentions were clear. Toqtamish was not aiming to just succeed his father, or Urus Khan, or be merely Khan of the Blue Horde. He had much bigger dreams. He idolized Öz Beg Khan and the glory days of the united ulus. Beyond that though, outside of Mongolia proper, Toqtamish was effectively the only Chinggisid monarch who held power in his own name. The Yuan Khans had been pushed from China, and their power restricted to the Mongol homeland, and their attention focused on battling Ming Dynasty incursions into the steppe. In the west, all other Chinggisids were puppets or minor princelings. Toqtamish therefore presented himself not just as heir to Özbeg and Jani Beg, or of Batu and Jochi, but as the heir to Chinggis Khan. For the rest of his life Toqtamish remained the most powerful single member of the house of Chinggis, and styled himself not as khan, but as khagan, Great Khan. And for that, he needed Sarai.         Quickly, but carefully, he made his way onto the Jochid capital, winning over allies or defeating foes as he went, before taking the city in 1380. Only one great enemy remained, and that was the western beylerbeyi, Mamai. There was not a moment to waste once Mamai suffered defeat at Kulikovo against the Prince of Moscow in September 1380. As Mamai retreated to his base in the steppes north of Crima, Toqtamish granted yarliqs to the Italians in the Crimea to confirm and expand their privileges, trapping Mamai between them. Toqtamish unleashed a full assault on Mamai and crushed his power in a decisive engagement along the Kalka River. In the aftermath Toqtamish took Mamai's camp, his treasury, his wives and beys, and the rest of his troops. Mamai fled for his life, making his way to Caffa, where the Genoese took him captive and executed him in the name of Toqtamish Khaan.        By 1381 Toqtamish was master of the Golden Horde, and set about reminding everyone of the order of things. The Rus' princes reaffirmed their submission, with even Dmitri Donskoi, the victor of Kulikovo, promptly sending gifts for Toqtamish, his wives and his princes. But their tardiness in submitting in person brought Toqtamish to shorten the leash. The Rus' had grown too haughty over the last two decades, and Toqtamish surprised them with a sudden and horrific onslaught.  The Prince of Ryazan' saved his city with a last moment surrender. Other cities were not so lucky. Dmitri Donskoi had hoped to raise an army, but losses after Kulikovo were too great, the princes unwilling to follow Dmitri to such certain doom. In the end Dmitri was forced to flee Moscow before Toqtamish encircled the city. After three days, on the 26th of August 1382,  the city was stormed, sacked and burned. Numerous others followed suit.        Dmitri Donskoi was forced to send his son Vasili as hostage to the Horde, and paid heavy tribute. Once more Moscow minted coins in the name of the Khan, and once more Dmitri collected taxes for him too. Though Dmitri had his revenge on the Prince of Ryazan' with a vicious attack, the victor of Kulikovo died in 1389, only thirty years old.        Now master of the lands of Jochi, Toqtamish set about re-strengthening the Horde. The internal stability, as the Horde enjoyed 10 years of relative peace after Toqtamish took Sarai, did wonders for internal trade and movement, coupled with the lessening of the plague impact. He enacted monetary reforms, expanding the centres which minted coins and a lighter standard for silver dirhams, which in the opinion of researchers like Nedashkovsky, was a recognition and response to inflation.  When the bey Bekbulat tried to declare himself khan in Crimea, Toqtamish was able to come to agreement with him and reach a peaceable solution.  Khwarezm and its Sufi-Qonggirad Dynasty, which Tamerlane had considered his subjects, now recognized Toqtamish as overlord and minted coins in his name from 1381 onwards. On the western frontier, the loss of lands to Lithuania was halted when Toqtamish won a victory over the Lithuanians at Poltava in 1382, and forced them to continue paying tribute for the lands they had already taken from the Horde. From Toqtamish's point-of-view, this was essentially making them his vassals, though the Lithuanians did not quite see it like this. Nonetheless, the Khan retained generally stable relations with the states along his border.   Toqtamish also looked abroad. In distant Moghulistan Toqtamish established relations with Qamar al-Din, the effective ruler of the eastern Chagatai lands. In 1385 he opened contact with the Mamluks of Egypt, the first time in ten years diplomatic contact was made. He did not make the mistake of invading Azerbaijan, but instead formed a treaty of friendship with its ruler, Sultan Ahmad Jalayir. And this became quite the issue, for shortly after this treatment was made, Tamerlane invaded Azerbaijan and forced Ahmad Jalayir to flee Tabriz.    Perhaps Tamerlane had been unaware of the treaty between Toqtamish and Sultan Ahmad, but it seems to have been the evolution of the ever-more fraught relationship between the two. Toqtamish Khan and Emir Tamerlane were already on roads to argument with both claiming the lands of Khwarezm. Tamerlane, now with a puppet Il-Khan, made a show of restoring the former lands of the Ilkhanate; just as Toqtamish was making a claim to restoring former Jochid lands in the Caucasus. But there was another ideological aspect at play. As we've emphasized already, Toqtamish was very proud of his Chinggisid ancestry, and appears to have a particular disgust for pretensions of non-Chinggisids to rule. Tamerlane's presentation of himself as a supreme lord, while also walking around with a bundle of Chinggisid puppets, was an insult Toqtamish could not idly abide. The Golden Horde and Timurid empire lay beside each other like two sharks, in a tank too tight for the both of them. Both rulers simply may have seen confrontation as inevitable, the presentations of both stretching past what the other anticipated, and both expected antagonism.    It was Toqtamish who launched the first blow. After Timurid forces withdrew from Azerbaijan, Toqtamish attacked in late 1386, taking Baku, Tabriz, and Nakhchivan. Then in 1387, Toqtamish spun around the Caspian and Aral Seas, and in conjunction with Qamar al-Din of Moghulistan, Toqtamish took Tashkent and Qarshi before besieging Bukhara and Tamerlane's capital of Samarkand.     Once Toqtamish withdrew, Tamerlane quickly retook Khwarezm, sacking Urgench in 1388 with a massacre to invoke those of Chinggis Khan. Immediate reprisals against Toqtamish were halted by rebellions in Khurasan and a retaliatory campaign in Moghulistan against Qamar al-Din. Once dealt with, Tamerlane could begin extensive preparations for an invasion of the Golden Horde, spending months assembling a large army and supplies collected from across his empire. After a series of feints, Tamerlane set out unexpectedly early in January 1391. Eyeing Tamerlane after several months of marching, Toqtamish felt he knew Tamerlane's plan. Anticipating that the Emir would cross the Ural River at Kurk-qul, Toqtamish ordered his army to gather there. In one of the surprise maneuvers he so loved, Tamerlane darted in a different direction; before Toqtamish's full force had even gathered, he learned Tamerlane had crossed further upriver. Toqtamish retreated lest he be outflanked, and his forces who arrived late were set upon by the Timurids.   But despite this, Tamerlane was playing in Toqtamish's lands, and was no man of the steppe. Toqtamish drew Tamerlane deeper into the steppe, and in the process began to starve his large army. Parties sent out to forage were ambushed by Toqtamish's warriors, and the Khan tried to burn the grasslands before the Timurids, though the wet spring hampered this. Knowing his starving men would soon be at their limit, Tamerlane rallied with men with  a large hunting expedition and glamourous review of the troops, while sending his son, Omar-Sheikh Mirza with 20,000 swift riders to overtake Toqtamish and force him to battle, allowing the main force to catch up to the Khan. The ploy worked, and Toqtamish was forced to draw up at the Kondurcha River on June 18th, 1391.    The two massive armies arrayed themselves in large, crescent formations. Both forces were largely horse archers, light and heavy cavalry, with Tamerlane bringing infantry from his Central Asian cities and as far as Badakhshan, and Toqtamish infantry from the Horde's urban centers. Tamerlane strengthened his wings with units staggered behind them to protect against encirclement, and commanded the rearguard behind the centre. The Golden Horde struck first, attacking across the entire front, Toqtamish himself leading repeated charges. However, some of Toqtamish's flank commanders retreated, either due to treachery or miscommunication. With the Horde now stretched thin,  Tamerlane ordered a counter charge against Toqtamish's left and centre, which broke and the rest retreated. Though the field was won, Toqtamish and much of his army had escaped. Deprived of a total victory, Tamerlane withdrew, but not before appointing another Toqa-Temürid Temür Qutlugh, as khan, with the wily Edigü empowered too.   With Tamerlane spending the next few years darting hither and yon across Iran, Toqtamish recoupled his strength, and planned the next bout. When the Prince of Moscow, Dmitri Donskoi's son Vasili, wished to annex the city of Nizhnii Novgorod, he delivered a large bribe to Toqtamish which the khan was happy to put to use. Gifts and messengers went across the world as Toqtamish built an anti-Timurid alliance. Old allies like the Mamluks and Jalayirids, but also other Turkic states with whom the Horde had had no ties with before, such as the Ottomans and Qaraqoyunlu, the so-called Black Sheep Turkomans.  Tamerlane was hardly blind to it, and engaged in his own diplomacy to dissuade such a coalition from forming. But Tamerlane's political capital was spent. Watching Tamerlane's movement, Toqtamish placed his own army north of the Caucasus. The two sent envoys to one another in a final diplomatic effort, to no avail, and Tamerlane marched into the steppe in the first months of 1395.   This time he caught Toqtamish along the Terek River in April 1395, near Grozny in Chechnya. The Golden Horde controlled the north bank of the closest ford and unwilling to storm it, Tamerlane marched upstream, with Toqtamish mirroring him for three days. According to a Spanish envoy to Tamerlane's court, Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, on the third night, the women and servants in Temur's camp donned armour and continued on, while the main force swiftly doubled back in the darkness and crossed the now unguarded ford. It didn't take Toqtamish long to discover the ruse, but it was too late: Tamerlane's army deployed on their side late on April 14th. Anticipating a night attack, Tamerlane ordered a moat dug around his camp. Toqtamish's forces skirmished along the edges of the moat, playing instruments and shouting, keeping Temur's army up with expectations of an assault. But Toqtamish held the main army back, resting them.   On the morning of the 15th, they formed up. Again they brought massive armies, and Tamerlane increased the size of his rearguard in expectation of encirclement. Toqtamish opened the battle, his right falling upon Temur's left rearguard. Tamerlane ordered the left wing to assist, and the Golden Horde's right retreated. Eager to press the assault, Tamerlane's left  pursued, leaving the security of the main army and were drawn into a feigned retreat. Surrounded, the Timurid left was decimated, the survivors colliding with Tamerlane's lines as a Jochid charge followed up. Battle order was lost. Tamerlane retreated to the fortified camp, Toqtamish's troops in hot pursuit and nearly captured the emir. With Tamerlane himself now under threat, his commanders acted promptly, forcing wagons together in an impromptu stockade. They held off the Horde long enough for the remainder of the army to form back up, and by evening counterattacked and forced back the Jochids, until nightfall separated them. So ended the first day of battle.   Discipline and composure were reestablished that night and the armies drew up early on the 16th. Toqtamish's army again began the battle, his left flank forcing back Tamerlane's vanguard, and soon Temur's right was nearly overcome as well. One commander ordered large shields forced into the ground, and from behind this barricade Tamerlane's archers dismounted and shot at the approaching Tatars, halting their advance. Temur reinforced them with several units from his bodyguard, repulsing the Jochids under this volley of arrows.   The second day ended better than the first for Tamerlane, but the old emir knew Toqtamish had him matched. That evening he made overtures to a discontented emir in Toqtamish's camp, Aktau, promising him rewards for promoting intrigue. By morning Aktau had abandoned the battlefield, making his way in time to Anatolia. Toqtamish was disheartened but determined, and formed up again, his left wing weaker with Aktau's absence. Toqtamish's centre and flanks all attacked Tamerlane, but Tamerlane had built up his forces on the right, and broke through the weakened Jochid left. Hard fighting continued until evening, Toqtamish valiantly trying to save the left and prevent encirclement, but Temur had the better of the day. Defeated, Toqtamish had an orderly retreat planned, sending one commander to the Caucasus in an effort to harass Tamerlane's rear. This gave Toqtamish enough time to escape while Temur crushed this army. However, Toqtamish could not rally another army, leaving his cities isolated before the might of Tamerlane.   Tamerlane pursued Toqtamish, but upon losing him decided to prevent Toqtamish from ever having strength to raise another army again. He then set about systematically dismantling the economy of the Golden Horde, thoroughly sacking every single one of the major cities of the steppe; from the Crimea trade cities, where only Caffa, due to a timely bribe escaped judgment. Tana, Ukek, Sarai to Hajji Tarkhan and more all were brought to ruin on Tamerlane's order, left smoldering husks as his army moved past. Despite some popular claims, Moscow was not attacked; the Rus' chronicles indicate only the town of ‘Elets suffered the wrath of the Emir. He declared another of Urus Khan's sons, Quyurchuq as Khan, and was convinced by Edigü to grant him yarliq to collect and summon his peoples; but realized too late that Edigü had tricked him, and used Tamerlane's patent and the vacuum of power to carve out his own lands.   By the summer of 1396, the steppe environment and some sort of epidemic was wreaking havoc on Tamerlane's troops, and he ordered the withdrawal to Samarkand, carrying with it the loot and treasures of the Golden Horde. The Horde's cities and trade had struggled through the upheavals of the fourteenth century, but Tamerlane had just delivered a death blow from which they would not recover.   Toqtamish was not done yet. For the next ten years he continued to seek to reclaim his throne, but now faced a stiff opponent in the form of Edigü. Ridding himself of Tamerlane's puppet, Edigü reenthroned Temür Qutlugh, in time followed by a host of other puppets, and directed the effort to crush Toqtamish once and for all. But as a man well accustomed to defeat and bouncing back from it, Toqtamish proved remarkably hard to kill, and simply would not take “no” for an answer. The most notable effort came in 1399. After allying with Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania, the two launched a joint-invasion of the Golden Horde. At the Vorskla River in 1399, Edigü and Temür Qutlugh inflicted a crushing defeat on the army of Vytautas and Toqtamish. Many Lithuanian princes were killed, and the fleeing Duke was chased as far as Kyiv, where only after hefty ransom was the city and its refugees spared. The Toqtamish-Lithuanian alliance continued though, and Toqtamish's son Jalal al-Din fought alongside Vytautas at the famous battle of Grünwald, or Tannenburg, against the Teutonic Order in 1410. Today, the Lipka Tatars in Lithuania and Poland are their distant descendants.   By 1405, the humbled Toqtamish was in Siberia, and reached out to his former mentor, Tamerlane. Tamerlane was then in the midst of a march on China, wintering in Otrar, and it seems his old heart was warmed by Toqtamish's offer of cooperation against Edigü. But nothing was to come of it; the old emir died that winter, and the next year Toqtamish fell in a skirmish against the forces of Edigü.   So ended the life of Toqtamish Khan, the final powerful khan over the whole of the Golden Horde. Though not a truly transformative or administrative monarch, the fact he instilled any sort of stability over the Horde, and led a remarkable effort at unifying it before its final disintegration, left him a powerful legacy.  In later Turkic histories Toqtamish is one of the most popular Jochid khans, and over the next century he was benchmark for others who wished to unify the Horde. In 1509, the Crimean Khan Mengli Giray, when sending a large army against Astrakhan during his own bid to reunify the Horde, is reported to have said “I shall be a Toqtamish.” And perhaps Toqtamish would have been successful, had he not faced Tamerlane in battle, perhaps the only man at the time with the strength to overcome the might of the Golden Horde. And for that, the Golden Horde paid dearly. Our next, and final episode on the Golden Horde, deals with its final disintegration, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals Podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue bringing you great content, consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine dominates the news. This audacious attack on a neighbouring country has shocked Europe with its sheer brutality. Of course, Muslims have experience of Russia's tactics in war, from Grozny in Chechnya to East Aleppo and beyond – the Russian military machine is neither guided by morality nor humanity. In Aleppo alone, some 30,000 civilians were slaughtered, leaving the few that remained to painfully evacuate their city. But when all is said about the double standards, Muslims are confronted with two big questions, how should we understand the crisis and how should we respond. Sadly on both counts many have opted to either embrace the left's anti-imperialism narrative and in turn sound like they sympathise or support Putin's actions. This week invite back onto The Thinking Muslim, Professor of International Relations Joseph Kaminski from the International University of Sarajevo. Joseph speaks to me about the crisis, how to view the actions of America and the impact upon Muslims in Bosnia, who are once again facing a belligerent Serbian movement, supported by Russia. He also passionately discusses some of the takes that have been circulating the Muslim twitter-sphere. Thanks to the team: Riaz Hasan, Musab Muhammad, Reem Walid, Adeel Alam, Yusra Zainuddin, Ahmed Serag, Ahaz Atif and Umar Abdul Salam. You can donate to the show here: https://www.thinkingmuslim.com/contribute Follow us on Twitter here: https://twitter.com/jalalayn and https://twitter.com/thinking_muslim Website: thinkingmuslim.com

After the Russian Army finally wrests the capital of Grozny from the rebels, its momentum stalls and it resorts to indiscriminate carpet bombing and massacring civilians. In an ominous turn for the future, the desperate rebels engage in mass hostage-takings that stall the war further. With able guerrilla commanders exploiting low Russian morale and poor organization, the rebels shock the world by retaking Grozny in 1996. Russia withdraws and the democratic Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is born!

Perhaps only President Putin and his senior generals know Russia's battle plan for Kyiv. Is the current fighting in its north-western and eastern suburbs an attempt to encircle it, or break into its historic centre? Could it be a prelude to the kind of bombardment that Putin has ordered elsewhere in Ukraine - as well as Syria, and against Chechen separatists in Grozny when he first came to power. What is like to live with those questions, and the anxiety they must cause? The Podil district is one of the oldest in Kyiv, and before the war was a hip inner city neighbourhood, famous for its nightlife. The BBC's Middle East Editor Jeremy Bowen has been there and told Amol Rajan about life there now. (Image, People, in Kyiv, inside underground station used as bomb shelter, Credit EPA.)