Podcasts about international code

Guest Alexander Petros Panelist Richard Littauer Show Notes Join host Richard Littauer as he dives into the world of open source sustainability with Alexander Petros, core maintainer of htmx and freelance software engineer. Today, they explore the evolution of HTML, the power of lightweight web protocols, and the broader implications of open-source software for the future of the web. Alexander shares his insights on building sustainable digital infrastructure, using simple tools effectively, and rethinking web development paradigms. Hit download now! [00:01:40] Alexander explains htmx as a lightweight front-end JavaScript library enhancing HTML capabilities. [00:03:16] There's a discussion about HTML's design for behavior and interactivity and a comparison of traditional HTML with modern practices, including JavaScript-heavy frameworks. [00:05:50] We hear the origins of htmx, how it started as a jQuery extension called intercooler.js, and the evolution during the pandemic to a standalone library. [00:09:16] Alexander explains building for the long term, why lightweight, adaptable systems matter, and reflects on the durability of early web standards and tools. [00:12:17] Richard inquires about what Alexander envisions a hundred years from now with htmx. [00:14:57] Balancing simplicity and scalability is discussed about HTML's capabilities for large-scale applications and why many developers overcomplicate solutions unnecessarily. [00:17:40] Alexander critiques over-reliance on tools like Docker and large-scale build systems and advocates for simpler development environments like SQLite. [00:19:42] Alexander talks about why open source frameworks like React solve organizational problems for tech giants. [00:25:42] Richard tells us he's been spending time on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as a foundational system for species classification and Alexander speaks about the challenges of contributing to protocols governed by large corporations and why HTML remains a uniquely sustainable and universal platform. [00:28:22] Richard asks Alexander if he's thought about the 1000 year approach to the work he's doing. [00:32:21] Find out where you can follow Alexander and his blog online. Quotes [00:13:11] “The web is going to be the most effective delivery mechanism for software for the next couple of decades.” [00:14:12] “If we look at the tools that we have available today, which tools can we use that are most likely to get us to that fifty, hundred year useful piece of software?” [00:24:06] “Different structural project models produce very different software.” Spotlight [00:33:11] Richard's spotlight is the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. [00:34:07] Alexander's spotlight is better-sqlite3. Links SustainOSS (https://sustainoss.org/) podcast@sustainoss.org (mailto:podcast@sustainoss.org) richard@sustainoss.org (mailto:richard@sustainoss.org) SustainOSS Discourse (https://discourse.sustainoss.org/) SustainOSS Mastodon (https://mastodon.social/tags/sustainoss) Open Collective-SustainOSS (Contribute) (https://opencollective.com/sustainoss) Richard Littauer Socials (https://www.burntfen.com/2023-05-30/socials) Alexander Petros Website (https://alexanderpetros.com/) Alexander Petros LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/in/apetros/) Unplanned Obsolescence (Alexander's Blog) (https://unplannedobsolescence.com/) Building the Hundred-Year Web Service with htmx- Alexander Petros (YouTube) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lASLZ9TgXyc) htmx (https://htmx.org/) Sustain Podcast-Episode 238: Julia Evans and Wizard Zines (https://podcast.sustainoss.org/238) xkcd-927: How Standards Proliferate (https://xkcd.com/927/) Julia Evans Blog (https://jvns.ca/) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (https://www.iczn.org/) better-sqlite3 (https://github.com/WiseLibs/better-sqlite3) Credits Produced by Richard Littauer (https://www.burntfen.com/) Edited by Paul M. Bahr at Peachtree Sound (https://www.peachtreesound.com/) Show notes by DeAnn Bahr Peachtree Sound (https://www.peachtreesound.com/) Special Guest: Alexander Petros.

The Unseen World Of SeaweedsChances are you don't give much thought to seaweed unless you're at the beach, or perhaps when you're considering a dinner menu. But the thousands of seaweed species around the world are a key part of our coastal ecosystems.Seaweeds photosynthesize, provide food and shelter for marine animals, stabilize the coastlines, and even contribute to making your ice cream creamier (through an ingredient called carrageenans, extracted from red seaweeds in the Rhodophyceae family). Increasingly, they're also being investigated as a source of biofuels and as biological factories, due to their fast-growing nature.Dr. John Bothwell, a phycologist at Durham University in the UK, has written a book in praise of seaweeds. In Seaweeds of the World: A Guide To Every Order, he highlights beautiful, unusual, and important species from each of the three seaweed lineages—green, red, and brown. In this segment, he talks with SciFri's Charles Bergquist about some of his favorite species, where the seaweeds fit into the web of life, and the importance of seaweeds to the global ecosystem.“Dark Fungi” Species Don't Get Names. Should They?Scientists have collected DNA samples of thousands of new fungus species over the past several decades. These fragments of fungal DNA are found nearly everywhere—in soil, decomposing logs, water, and even in the air. Mycologists have enough data to place these new species within the fungal family tree, but haven't collected physical samples of them or been able to grow them in a lab. This means that according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, these new species cannot receive scientific names.How can you understand a fungus that has no name? SciFri producer Shoshannah Buxbaum talks with fungal taxonomist Dr. David Hibbett, professor of biology at Clark University, about a proposal to give these “dark fungi” scientific names, and why naming living things might help us better protect the Earth's biodiversity.Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com. To stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters.

A safe work environment is essential to running a business safely. The International Code Council is a collection of professionals who set building safety standards, from building design to codes and regulations. Learn how these standards shape the structural integrity of buildings today with Dominic Sims, Chief Executive Officer of the International Code Council (ICC).

Join host Bex Deadman in this week's episode of Talk'n TRM, as she's joined by the distinguished Jamie Williamson, Executive Director of the International Code of Conduct Association (ICoCA). With a remarkable background in international, legal, and security matters, Jamie brings a wealth of experience to the discussion. He has held significant roles, including heading the Relations with Arms Carriers Unit at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), where he advised and trained State and non-State weapons bearers, including multinational forces and private military and security contractors. In this episode, Bex and Jamie delve into the critical topic of security within Travel Risk Management (TRM). With Jamie's extensive expertise in humanitarian law and justice, they explore the essential role of security in safeguarding travellers and how it integrates into the broader TRM framework.   Contact Bex: bex.deadman@assent1.co.ukhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/bex-deadman-aka-travel-risk-bex-70b92419/www.assent1.com   Contact Jamie: https://icoca.ch/contact-us/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamiewilliamson1/  

Did our modern conception of "sativa", "indica", and "ruderalis" come about because of politics rather than science? What have been the political and social factors influencing how scientists have studied and discussed Cannabis? I had the opportunity to meet Trevor Wittke, more commonly known by his social media handle @sungrownmidz to talk all about these issues and more. Trevor is a Cannabis breeder and lifelong curious mind who spends much of his time diving into the sometimes lost and opaque history of Cannabis science to better understand the plant and share his findings with others.  In this discussion we unpack his recent exploration into 20th century debates around Cannabis taxonomy, particular between Richard Schultes and Ernest Small. We also talk about the strain debate and what we can learn from reading the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. We also spend time exploring key issues and concepts critical for breeders to study and understand in order to improve the landscape of commercial Cannabis. If you grow Cannabis or are interested in the history of Cannabis, you will not want to miss this episode! #CuriousAboutCannabis #CannabisEducation #Hemp #CannabisCommunity #CannabisIndustry #HempEducation #CannabisTaxonomy #Strains #Cultivar #Chemovar #Cultigen #ICNCP #UPOV #CannabisBreeding #CannabisCultivation #HempCultivation #HempBreeding

Breastfeeding and complementary feeding Poor nutrition during the early stages of the life-course can lead to extensive and irreversible damage to physical growth and brain development.  On the other hand, good nutrition has a positive effect.  Breastfeeding is the optimal way of feeding babies, offering them the nutrients they need in the right balance, as well as offering protection against disease. In 2012 the World Health Assembly (WHA) approved the global nutrition target of increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age to at least 50% by 2025. The World Health Organization recommends that babies should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, followed by introduction of nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods, and with continued breastfeeding up to two years old or beyond. Breastfeeding for more than 6 months or longer compared to no or shorter breastfeeding is associated with a reduction of childhood leukemia of 19% . Babies who are breastfed are 60 percent less likely to die from SIDS compared to those not breastfeed. The effect is even greater for infants exclusively breastfed. A 30 year follow-up of a cohort captured at birth showed that adults who had been breastfed earned higher wages, an effect mediated through an increase in years of schooling. Workplace policies in support of breastfeeding increase employee retention, performance, loyalty, productivity and morale. Adults who were breastfed as children score 3.3 points higher on cognitive development indicators, which leads to more years of schooling. Breastfeeding leaves no carbon footprint. Breast-milk is renewable and produced and fed to the baby without pollution, packaging, or waste. Beyond providing perfect nutrition and protection against infection and death, constituents in breast milk likely affect epigenetic programming at a critical time when an infant's gen expression is being developed for life.  “If a new vaccine became available that could prevent 1 million or more child deaths a year, and that was moreover cheap, safe, administered orally, and required no cold chain, it would become an immediate public health imperative. Breastfeeding can do all this and more13.” Longer breastfeeding reduces the risk of overweight/obesity by 13%, helping to fight chronic diseases caused by obesity. It also lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes by 35%14. Women who breastfeed compared with women who don't breastfeed or breastfeed less have a 32% lower risk of type 2 diabetes, a 26% lower risk of breast cancer and a 37% lower risk of ovarian cancer15. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes provides guidelines to prevent the inappropriate marketing of breastmilk substitutes, including infant formula, feeding bottles, nipples, follow-on milks and related products16. It needs to be legislated and monitored. When manufacturers and distributors are in violation, they should be sanctioned. Mother-child bonding is enhanced when mothers interact with their infants while breastfeeding. Longer breastfeeding is associated with more sensitive maternal responsiveness and the security that comes with attachment. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/keshagenadderleypodcast/message

Plant lovers often look at lists of plants or seeds for sale in the winter to plan their gardens for the coming year. Those lists usually have two names for each plant: a common name and a botanical, or scientific name. The botanical name is not in English, which makes a lot of people unsure about what it means or how to say it. The language is Latin. Its purpose is to help growers be sure that the plant they bring home is the one they wanted to buy. The problem with common names is that they are nicknames, or informal names, for plants. Many plants can share a common name. One plant can also have many common names. You can see how this can cause misunderstandings. For example, you may have heard the name “geranium.” The common name for the true Geranium is perennial cranesbill. The container plant people call the geranium is actually a Pelargonium.植物爱好者经常查看冬季出售的植物或种子清单，以规划来年的花园。这些列表通常对每种植物都有两个名称：一个通用名称和一个植物学名称或学名。植物学名称不是英文，这让很多人不确定它是什么意思或怎么说。语言是拉丁语。它的目的是帮助种植者确保他们带回家的植物是他们想要购买的植物。通用名称的问题在于它们是植物的昵称或非正式名称。许多植物可以有一个共同的名字。一种植物也可以有许多通用名称。你可以看到这会如何引起误解。例如，您可能听说过“天竺葵”这个名字。真正的天竺葵的通用名称是多年生鹤嘴兰。人们称之为天竺葵的容器植物实际上是一种天竺葵。The Latin system of naming goes back to the 1700s and Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus. His books Systema Naturae and Fundamenta Botanica created rules for classifying and naming plants in botanical Latin. For this reason, gardeners should try to become familiar with it. Linnaeus spent his life giving every plant and animal that he knew a two-part, or binomial, name. The two parts are: genus and species. These names are often based on the appearance of parts of the plant or animal. Linnaeus' International Code of Botanical Nomenclature sets rules for how plants should be named. They include:拉丁命名系统可以追溯到 1700 年代的瑞典植物学家、动物学家和医生卡尔·林奈 (Carl Linnaeus)。他的著作 Systema Naturae 和 Fundamenta Botanica 制定了用植物学拉丁语对植物进行分类和命名的规则。因此，园丁应该尝试熟悉它。林奈一生都在为他所知道的每一种植物和动物起一个由两部分组成的或二项式的名字。这两个部分是：属和种。这些名称通常基于植物或动物部分的外观。林奈的《国际植物命名法典》为植物命名设定了规则。他们包括：A plant name must start with a capitalized genus, The second part of the name is the species, written in lower-case, usual letter. Next, the name includes either a variety (if the plant is found in nature), cultivar (if the plant is created by a breeder) or hybrid name (if it is a cross between two plants, an "x" is used).植物名称必须以大写的属开头，名称的第二部分是种，用小写字母书写。接下来，该名称包括品种（如果植物是在自然界中发现的）、栽培品种（如果植物是由育种者创造的）或杂交种名称（如果它是两种植物之间的杂交，则使用“x”）。The International Botanical Congress has gathered every six years to examine and decide on new naming questions. The questions come up because of new genetic research and scientific findings. After all, Linnaeus did not have modern microscopes or DNA testing laboratories to decide which plants are related.For example, bleeding hearts, once officially called Dicentra spectabilis, were moved into the newly created Lamprocapnos genus several years ago. Their name is now Lamprocapnos spectabilis. The snapdragon, a popular garden flower, was once in the Antirrhinum genus. The Congress moved it into the plantain family, Plantaginaceae.国际植物学大会每六年召开一次，以审查和决定新的命名问题。这些问题是由于新的基因研究和科学发现而出现的。毕竟，林奈 (Linnaeus) 没有现代显微镜或 DNA 测试实验室来确定哪些植物是相关的。例如，流血的心脏，曾被官方称为 Dicentra spectabilis，几年前被移入新创建的 Lamprocapnos 属。他们现在的名字是 Lamprocapnos spectabilis。金鱼草是一种流行的园林花卉，曾属于金鱼草属。国会将其移入车前草科车前草科。Since no group controls the use of common names, the same plant may have several. Take Rudbeckia hirta. Some call it a black-eyed Susan, others say it is a yellow-oxeye daisy and others know it as the gloriosa daisy. Ask a garden center employee for a snowball bush, and you might walk out with a Hydrangea arborescens or a Viburnum plicatum. There is a big difference. The first one has large round flower heads that bloom in the summer. The second one has groups of smaller flowers and blooms in the spring. But both are beautiful. How can you learn the botanical name for a plant before you buy it? Search for the common name in the Royal Horticultural Society's free online Garden Plant Finder and get a list of the botanical names. You can also search for a botanical name and learn the common names.由于没有任何团体控制通用名称的使用，因此同一家工厂可能有多个。以金光菊为例。有人称它为黑眼苏珊，有人称它为黄牛眼菊，还有人称它为嘉兰菊。向花园中心的员工要一株雪球灌木丛，你可能会得到一株绣球花或一株荚莲花。有一个很大的不同。第一个有大的圆形头状花序，在夏天开花。第二个有成群的小花，在春天开花。但是两个都很美。在购买植物之前如何了解植物学名称？在皇家园艺学会的免费在线园林植物查找器中搜索常见名称，并获得植物学名称列表。您还可以搜索植物学名称并了解常用名称。

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

Listen to this audio version of InterNACHI® members adhere to the International Code of Ethics for Home Inspectors. InterNACHI®, the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, promotes a high standard of professionalism, business ethics, and inspection procedures.

After multiple formula-related infant deaths were reported to the FDA in February, samples from Abbott Laboratories' Sturgis, Michigan baby formula production facility tested positive for cronobacter, triggering a recall and a subsequent formula shortage. In this episode, Jen uncovers monopoly and neglect in the baby formula production industry, lack of oversight by the FDA, and the United States' refusal to adopt the World Health Organization's International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via PayPal Support Congressional Dish via Patreon (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Donation@congressionaldish.com Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Donation@congressionaldish.com Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: 5753 Hwy 85 North, Number 4576, Crestview, FL 32536. Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! View the shownotes on our website at https://congressionaldish.com/cd254-baby-formula-shortage Background Sources Recommended Congressional Dish Episodes CD234: AWOL Recall: The Rock and Play Sleeper The Formula Shortage Abbott. Jun 15, 2022. “Update on Abbott's Sturgis Plant and Formula Production.” “Testimony of Robert M. Califf, M.D., Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions, Infant Formula Crisis: Addressing the Shortages and Getting Formula on Shelves.” May 26, 2022. U.S. Senate. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. May 18, 2022. “Guidance for Industry: Infant Formula Enforcement Discretion Policy” [FDA–2022–D–0814]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Annie Gasparro and Jaewon Kang. May 12, 2022. “Baby Formula Shortage Could Leave Parents Scrambling for Months.” The Wall Street Journal. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Feb 2022. “FDA Investigation of Cronobacter Infections: Powdered Infant Formula.” Baby Formula Monopoly Matt Stoller. May 13, 2022. “Big Bottle: The Baby Formula Nightmare.” BIG by Matt Stoler on Substack. Sam Knight. Apr 23, 2022. “Company Responsible for Tainted Baby Formula Has Monopoly Over Aid Program Sales.” Truthout. FDA Failure Letter from Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi to FDA Commissioner Robert Califf. March 24, 2022. U.S. House of Representatives. Poisoned Baby Food House Committee on Oversight and Reform, Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy Staff. Feb 4, 2021. “Report: Baby Foods Are Tainted with Dangerous Levels of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury.” Operation Fly Formula Brenda Goodman and Deidre McPhillips. Jun 10, 2022. “How far will Operation Fly Formula shipments really go to fill America's store shelves?” CNN. The White House. May 22, 2022. “Biden Administration Announces Second Operation Fly Formula Flight.” White House Briefing Room: Statements and Releases. 60 minutes Segment Bill Whitaker. May 22, 2022. “Medical Middlemen: Broken system making it harder for hospitals and patients to get some life-saving drugs.” 60 Minutes. The WHO Code and Formula Marketing The World Health Organization. Apr 28, 2022. “Scope and impact of digital marketing strategies for promoting breastmilk substitutes.” The World Health Organization. Apr 28, 2022. “WHO reveals shocking extent of exploitative formula milk marketing.” The World Health Organization. #EndExploitativeMarketing Petition. La Leche League International. “International WHO Code.” Bonnie Goldstein. Jul 13, 2018. Paper Cuts: No Match for Mother's Milk. Project on Government Oversight. Baby-Friendly USA website. The World Health Organization. Jan 27, 1981. “International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes.” Fisher-Price Update Katie Porter [@RepKatiePorter]. Jun 15, 2022. “Following yesterday's news of previously unreported infant deaths in Fisher-Price products, I'm calling on the company to immediately recall all…” Twitter. Laws H.R.7791: Access to Baby Formula Act of 2022 Jen's Highlighted PDF of Public Law 117–129 H.R.3182: Safe Sleep for Babies Act of 2021 Audio Sources INFANT FORMULA CRISIS May 26, 2022 Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions The committee concluded a hearing to examine the infant formula crisis, focusing on addressing the shortage and getting formula on shelves. Witnesses: Robert M. Califf, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Food and Drug Administration Clips 37:26 Dr. Robert Califf: Frankly, the inspection results were shocking. Standing water, cracks in key equipment that presented the potential for bacterial contamination to persist, particularly in the presence of moisture, leaks in the roof, a previous citation of inadequate hand washing and current poor foot sanitation, bacteria growing from multiple sides, and many signs of a disappointing lack of attention to the culture of safety in this product that is so essential to the lives of our most precious people. 38:14 Dr. Robert Califf: As soon as we receive positive cronobacter results from environmental samples at the facility that we collected during the inspection, we contacted Abbott to ask the company to issue a voluntary recall. The need to take urgent action to protect the most vulnerable of all of our people -- infants -- presented a dilemma. This was the largest plant of the dominant manufacturer, and it was the sole source of a number of metabolic formulas essential for viability of infants with no substitution possible, because Abbott had no backup plan. We knew that ceasing plant operations would create supply problems, but we had no choice given the unsanitary conditions. 50:50 Sen. Richard Burr (R-NC): Why haven't you waived labeling requirements from trusted manufacturers in countries like the UK, Australia or Canada? Couldn't manufacturers provide temporary labels on imported formula? Cans if the label is printed in a language other than English until US manufacturing is restored? Some countries have higher nutritional requirements. Why can't we provide a waiver for their products to come into the country? Dr. Robert Califf: We've waived many of the requirements that are the ones that make sense, but the directions have to be clear to Americans in language that's understandable so the formula can be mixed correctly. An error in mixing up the formula for example, can lead to a very sick infant not getting the right nutrition. 2:16:18 Dr. Robert Califf: We saw the lack of quality in the system and the lack of accountability for the problems that were there. And so we had to invoke the Justice Department to negotiate a consent decree, which is essentially Abbott saying, “Yes, we had all these problems. Here's exactly what we're going to do to fix them.” For legal reasons, I can't discuss the exact details of the negotiation, but let's just say that it took a little armwrestling to get to the point where the Justice Department got Abbott to sign the consent decree. FORMULA SAFETY AND SUPPLY: PROTECTING THE HEALTH OF AMERICA'S BABIES May 25, 2022 Committee on Energy and Commerce: Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Witnesses: Robert M. Califf, Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration Frank Yiannas, Deputy Commissioner, Food Policy and Response, Food and Drug Administration Susan Mayne, Director, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration Chris Calamari, Senior Vice President of U.S. Nutrition, Abbott Robert Cleveland, Senior Vice President of the Nutrition Business Unit for the US and Europe, Mead Johnson Nutrition Scott Fitz, Vice President of Technical and Production, Gerber Clips 41:55 Robert Califf: Because of the lack of the diversification of this market in the absence of a central hub for integrating supply chains, we concluded early on that getting the Sturgis facility up and running safely was a top priority. But we had no confidence in the integrity of the Abbott quality program at this facility. Accordingly, we initiated proceedings toward a consent decree, which requires Abbott to undertake steps to assure safe production of formula, including hiring an outside expert with reporting to FDA. 43:03 Robert Califf: Despite the overall numbers showing diminished but steady supply, we knew that distribution was an issue. Some areas were experiencing significant shortages, but overall, there was enough formula to go around. About a month ago, the reports of shortages on the shelf proliferated, although there was not a drop in production. This increase in consumption most likely represents heightened concern of parents and caregivers about shortages, leading to an understandable effort to purchase ahead to ensure adequate supply at home. This type of cycle has happened with other products throughout the pandemic, and we realize that the only solution is to have adequate supply to make sure shelves are stocked. 45:57 Robert Califf: Abbott's enormous market share left it with a responsibility for producing safe infant formula that was not met. We will do everything in our power to work with Abbott to make this happen as quickly and as safely possible, but this timing is an Abbott's control. 46:35 Robert Califf: Across the industry we regulate, we are seeing evidence that the just-in-time distribution system, market concentration, and sole-source contracting are leading to shortages. Multiple reports to Congress call for improved supply chain management. Until regulatory agencies have digital access to critical supply chain information and personnel to do the work, we will continue to react to supply chain disruptions rather than intervening to prevent them. 1:01:113 Robert Califf: It's really important for people to go to the HHS website: hhs.gov/formula. There you'll find the hotline for all the manufacturers and helpful information about where to go. 1:04:12 Robert Califf: You would be surprised to know there's no just-in-time system where all the FDA employees can see what's going on. What we really need is access to the information that the manufacturers have about each of their individual supply chains. They each have their individual supply chains, but there is no national system to make sure the supplies getting where it needs to go. 1:05:11 Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA): Did FDA not have a data analytics tool to monitor the supply chains of various products, including infant formula? Robert Califf: We requested funding for a tool and because we didn't get the funding, we cobbled it together. It's a start, but it's nowhere near — you know, again, I was at Google for five years. The technology at FDA, and in many federal agencies is outmoded and needs an upfit, there's just no question about. 1:07:33 Susan Mayne: We have been in discussion with infant formula manufacturers throughout COVID, but discussion is not the same thing as data and we do not have the authorities to demand data from the companies to get necessarily all the information that you would want to have to really monitor the supply chains as Dr. Califf indicated. 1:10:30 Robert Califf: But given what we saw, the only way we could have confidence was through a consent decree, where we literally have oversight of every single step. When we met with the CEO yesterday, there were hundreds of steps that they went through that they're having to do, many of which have already been done. So it's only if we have direct oversight over it that I would have confidence, but I do have confidence that we are seeing every single step both physically in-person, and also through following the documentation and the outside expert. 1:10:53 Rep. David B. McKinley (R-WV): How will the passage of last week's FDA Bill increase the production of baby formula? Robert Califf: Production is increasing already — Rep. David McKinley The criticism, that they said that on these various tweets — it was not just one there were several — that said it was unnecessary. So I want to know, how do we increase, how do we get back to production? How to put in $28 million? How would that how's that gonna increase production? Robert Califf: Well, remember, the Abbot plant needs to get up and running, we've got to oversee and micro detail to make sure that it's done correctly. And as we bring in supply from other countries, remember, we already have overseas plants that we import from on a regular basis, almost double digits. So as we bring that product in, we've got to inspect it, make sure it's of the quality that we expect in America of formula and we need to upgrade our information systems, as I've already said, to make sure that as all this goes on, we can keep track of it and make sure that we're coordinated. 1:44:55 Rep. Kim Schrier (D-WA): Is there any early warning system for products like baby formula? And not just the ingredients but for formula itself or manufacturer would let you know if they're running short or anticipate a shortage? Robert Califf: First of all, let me thank you for being a pediatrician. I sometimes call the Academy of Pediatrics just for the positive vibes that you all exude as a profession. But no, there is not such a warning system. We've repeatedly asked for that authority and have not been granted it. The industry by and large has opposed it. 1:52:21 Susan Mayne: What the data show is, we can't rule in or rule out whether or not those infants, their cronobacter was caused by this plant. The data just simply can't be used to inform it. Rep. John Joyce (R-PA): But the genetic testing you did. It does not match from the plant, correct? Susan Mayne: That is correct. But what we did not have is any sampling done at the same time that the product was manufactured that was consumed by the individuals who got sick, so we didn't have that every director 2:08:57 Rep. Ann Kuster (D-NH): I know that in this part of the country, I'm in New Hampshire, we have milk banks of mother's breast milk. And I'm wondering what is the regulation by the FDA? And can we assure our constituents that breast milk from milk bank is safe and is thoroughly vetted by the FDA? Robert Califf: You're asking some very good questions. I'm gonna refer this to Dr. Mayne who probably would have the best answer. Susan Mayne: Thank you, Congresswoman. So human breast milk is regulated as a food. And so that is reassuring and they have to have proper screening protocols and things like that in place to make sure that the donors that are donating the milk, get that, that's critical for human food safety. So that's how I would respond. Thank you. 2:26:28 Robert Califf: You would think that a critical industry like this would have resilience plans, redundancy, but we don't even have legal authority right now to require that the firms have a plan for potential failures and resilience. That's something we've asked Congress for every year for a while, and we're asking for it again. So I hope that it happens this time. I'd also add that this is not unique to this industry. We are seeing this across the entire device and medical supply industry with frequent failures as exemplified by the 60 minutes show and the contrast medium problem that I talked about. We have gone to a just-in-time, large single source contracts that lead to lack of diversification in the industry and the industry has fought us tooth and nail on requiring that there be insight into their supply chains, so that the sum of all of the industries leads to the the avoidance of preemption. We'd like to be able to stress test and prevent these things from happening rather than waiting until they happen, and then scrambling. 2:58:58 Susan Mayne: What we've seen is, first the strain of the COVID 19 pandemic, then the strain of the recall, and now we've got the Russia-Ukraine conflict. And one of the things that we know is the Ukraine region is one of the world's biggest exporters of products like sunflower oil. Sunflower oil is used as an ingredient in many food products, including infant formula. And so we have been working with the manufacturers should they be unable to maintain their supply of sunflower oil, what they would replace it with and make sure that that would meet the nutritional requirements for infant formula. 3:26:28 Chris Calamari: We plan to start production at Sturgis the first week of June. We will begin with the production of EleCare, before turning to the production of other formulas and Similac. From restart, we estimate that it will take six to eight weeks before product is available on shelves. 4:28:51 Rep. Paul Tonko (D-NY): Your testimony also mentions global supply chain challenges as a factor the company has had to contend with. What, if any, steps has Gerber taken to maintain its production and distribution supply? Scott Fitz: Thank you for the question. Certainly, our industry is not immune to the global supply chain challenges brought on by the pandemic. We struggled with materials supply issues, intermittent materials supply issues, whether it be ingredients or packaging components, we struggled struggled with the material quality issues related to the pandemic, we've had transportation and logistics issues, just getting trucks and truck drivers available to move the products and supplies that we need. And we've had COVID related labor challenges and higher turnover than normal are all things that have impacted us. Through the course of the pandemic though we've we've resolved these on an ongoing basis, one at a time as they've come up. We are putting trying to put in more robust business continuity plans in place for critical components and ones that we know we will have challenges with in the future. 4:30:50 Rep. Paul Tonko (D-NY): Did you not think the FDA should be notified or at least aware of your struggle? Scott Fitz: Should FDA be aware of our struggle? Rep. Tonko: Yeah, should you have shared those concerns for supply chain? Scott Fitz: If it could help, we would certainly be willing to do that. Yes. Rep. Tonko: What should you have told us during the last year? Scott Fitz: Well, as I testified, the issues that have come up for us, we've been able to resolve. Through the last six months our in-stock rates have averaged 86%. 4:35:55 Chris Calamari: On the horizon, we see in the manufacture of infant formula agricultural oils are absolutely essential, paper is absolutely essential, the cost of fuel to supply and distribute the product is essential. So I would call out those key elements ranging from agricultural oils to the cost to deliver the product would be the biggest areas of focus. 4:41:42 Robert Cleveland: We reached out and spoke to the USDA almost immediately seeking flexibility, for example in the size format. And while that sounds small, it's very significant because what that means is the WIC consumer doesn't have to look for one particular size of product at the shelf. They can find any size of the shelf to fulfill their their benefits with and that's allowed us to continue production and step up to meet the requirements of those consumers. We've since worked with the USDA to find a number of other ways to flexibly administer the program, because really, the focus for the WIC consumer is the same as the others, making sure she has safe access to formula and doesn't have to compete with non-WIC consumers to get it. So the more sizes, the more formats, the more manufacturers that the program can support, the more likely she is to have her needs met. 4:47:35 Rep. Kim Schrier (D-WA): The baby formula industry in our country is really unique in that about 90% of the product is made right here in the United States. And the vast majority is made by your three companies [Abbott, Gerber, and Mead Johnson]. And so it should be no surprise that when something goes wrong, like what happened in Sturgis, it really rocks the whole industry and the facility in Sturgis is responsible for 40% of Abbott's formula on the market and makes up about 20% of the total formula on the market in the US, and that is really significant, especially when this year Similac has the contract with WIC. 5:10:40 Rep. Buddy Carter (R-GA): Okay, the supply chain issues, is that because some of the ingredients were coming from other countries? Chris Calamari: Representative, yes, so global supply chains are such that we have ingredients coming from global sources and that is the nature of our supply chain. 5:19:29 Rep. Diana DeGette (D-CO): Let's say my daughter, who has a six-week-old baby, called me up and said, “I need to get some formula for my baby. And my store shelves are bare.” What can we tell them between now and all of the emergency measures we put into place to start putting formula on the shelves? Who should they call? Where can they go to try to get some of this limited product right now? What's the practical suggestion? Robert Cleveland: It's very unfortunate that you have to answer that question or ask that question, but let me do my best to answer it. I think the shelves — the reality is they don't have anywhere near the product that they do. So one of the things I've often said during this crisis is it takes a village to raise a child. In this case, sometimes it's taking a village to find infant formula. So the first thing to do is work with your network of family and friends, and as they go to the stores, look for the product that's there. And I've seen many mothers and grandmothers and fathers and cousins doing this on the shelf. You can call our Consumer Response Center. Now to be fair, those folks are doing a phenomenal job of fielding waves and waves of calls. But we will help you if you call. That's one other resource. The physician's office is another. Sometimes they do have the samples that are required, and they can help transition between finding product on the shelf. And then I would be sure to look online as well as in-person at the store and be open to other formats. Many mothers and fathers have a particular type of format they like. You may need to be more flexible in the format that you use. But all infant formula regulated by the FDA is safe for your infant, whether it's a liquid or a powder or what size it's in. And so I would say shop widely. See your doctor or enroll your family friends, give us a call if you need to, and be flexible. THE INFANT FORMULA CRISIS May 25, 2022 Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Witnesses: Ginger Carney, Director of Clinical Nutrition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Sarah Chamberlin, Executive Director, National PKU News Michael Gay, Owner and Manager, Food Fresh Brian Ronholm, Director of Food Policy, Consumer Reports Linkedin Clips 32:29 Michael Gay: WIC's rigid rules have made it difficult for the program to be responsive to critical shortages throughout the pandemic and now during the formula crisis. Substitutions may be easily available when situations like this arise. The emergency waivers instituted by the USDA during the pandemic have provided flexibility in some states, but those waivers were only available because of the pandemic. To prevent this issue from happening in the future, Congress should allow WIC vendors operating during severe supply shortages, disasters or public health emergencies to automatically substitute limited WIC approved products impacted by supply chain disruptions. The USDA should direct states to include product substitutions for WIC in their emergency preparedness plan. These changes would have allowed families to immediately switch to another formula in states with shortages allowing for smooth continuation of feeding infants. 33:27 Michael Gay: Secondly, there's a significant need for USDA to examine the long term effects of cost containment, competitiveness and peer grouping formulas for WIC vendors. States operate a peer group system to monitor vendor prices and determine reimbursements are cost competitive. These cost containment measures have led to reduced retail embursement and reduced retailer participation in the program, leading to fewer locations for families to access formula. 33:55 Michael Gay: WIC infant formula cost containment measures have led to extreme consolidation in the formula marketplace, leaving it highly vulnerable to supply disruptions like we are experiencing now. These contracting policies must be reviewed to ensure future food security of the nation's babies and families. 41:50 Brian Ronholm: The evidence suggests that the agency was too slow to act, failed to take this issue seriously, and was not forthcoming with information to parents and caregivers. The infant formula crisis exposed a greater structure and culture problem that has long existed FDA. This was merely one symptom of the overall problem, and it is clear that confidence in the food program at the FDA is eroding. A big reason for this is the food program has second class status within FDA, and it's resulted in serious problems. The FDA also lacks a single, full-time, fully empowered expert leader of all aspects of the food program. As you know, in recent decades, most FDA commissioners have been medical specialists who naturally focus on the programs impacting medical products. This is certainly warranted considering the impact these programs have on public health. And the pandemic is a perfect example of this. However, this usually results in intense competition for the commissioner's time and support and focus on the food program is typically what has suffered under this dynamic. It has become impossible for an FDA commissioner to possess the bandwidth to provide leadership and accountability to a set of offices that regulates 80% of our food supply. 51:45 Ginger Carney: I would want to warn parents not to make homemade formulas — the American Academy of Pediatrics warns against that — they should not dilute the formula, as both of these situations can lead to disastrous results and lead possibly to hospital admissions. 56:40 Brian Ronholm: Splitting out the food safety functions of the agency as it exists now and creating separate agencies while still remaining under the HHS umbrella would be an effective approach that would get to the issues that I think everyone has become aware of during this crisis. 59:32 Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT): We now have 15 agencies at the federal level who deal with some form of food safety, the principal ones are USDA and FDA. It should be one single agency! 1:06:30 Michael Gay: In a rural area such as ours, probably 85-90% of my formula is WIC formula, which is just down to one type of formula. So even like today, for example, or my truck Monday, I got about 20 cases of Gerber formula in a different variety, but that's not approved on what and the Georgia WIC office just approved some substitutions for formulas that were, you know, prescribed by the doctor with the contract formula. So therein lies the problem is there's no easy way to substitute that for the customer. 1:23:29 Brian Ronholm: Four companies that control 90% of the market and only three of them actually bid on WIC rebate contracts. Abbott is by far the largest one and I believe they have contracts in 30 or 31 states, I think it was the latest figure. So when those contracts come up, these companies submit based on their ability to meet the demand in a particular state, and Abbott is usually the only one that's big enough to do that. We mentioned that they have a large part of the market, I think when it comes to the WIC market, they have approximately 55 to 60% of the WIC market. So that's a significant size of the market that it really needs to be examined so when situations like this hit, how does it impact that particular….And it's obviously going to have a bigger impact because these companies use the WIC market to get into the overall non-WIC market to even increase the share of their market, so that creates further shortage problems. 1:40:35 Ginger Carney: One thing that we really haven't talked about is the WHO code for marketing breast milk substitutes. And that's what these formulas are, they're breast milk substitutes. So if we look at the WHO code in other countries, other developed countries are abiding by the WHO code and this gives guidelines for how companies can market their infant formulas in a safe way. So maybe we should go back to that and think about what is it about the WHO code that would benefit all of our families in the country so that they are assured when they do have to reach for infant formula when breastfeeding cannot be an option or will not be an option? What are the things that are marketed directly to our families that tell them about the formula? 1:44:20 Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL): Half of all US formula consumption goes through the WIC program, which provides free infant formula as we've been talking about today, where states negotiate bulk discounts in exchange for market exclusivity. Now, I'll take you back to 1989 when Republican President George Bush enacted legislation requiring all state WIC programs to use competitive bidding for the purchase of infant formula. In practice, this means that the state of Florida for example is required to use a single supplier for the entire state supply of WIC baby formula. The competitive bidding process has yielded $1.3 billion to $2 billion a year in savings and allowing WIC to serve about 2 million more participants annually because of the discounts. However, when there's a supply shock caused by one of the four market participants, like what happened with Abbott in this case, it creates a serious risk to infant health across the country. 1:48:00 Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL): We know that in Europe, they consistently produce a baby formula surplus. But there are rigid labeling and nutritional requirements for formula containers here in the US that the FDA requires and they prohibit the sale of many European-made products, even though the formulas themselves meet FDA nutritional and purity standards. So what sort of policy changes would you like to see undertaken to ease restrictions on baby formula imports, while still ensuring that the product meets our safety standards? Brian Ronholm: Yeah, I think it's critical that we maintain those safety standards that FDA has set on infant formula, that's absolutely critical. There's a comfort level with consumers when they're able to purchase something that they know is an FDA inspected facility overseas. But to your point, sometimes these regulations, these really strict regulations are thinly disguised trade protection measures. And so you know, that's certainly an issue that we'd have to examine carefully to make sure that we can have that access. Cover Art Design by Only Child Imaginations Music Presented in This Episode Intro & Exit: Tired of Being Lied To by David Ippolito (found on Music Alley by mevio)

David Hornus is an #economic security and #risk# management #expert, and for over 15 years, has been committed to protecting the interests of his clients and helping them to carry out successful development projects. His work has taken him to major crisis zones around the world: South-East Asia, the Caucasus, the Balkans, Africa, the Maghreb and the Middle East.  We talk #PMCs (#Private #Military #companies), #PSCs (Private #Security Companies), their differences, and his role in regulation and the Code of Conduct for the industry known as The International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers (#ICOCA).

On the eve of the preliminary hearing of the US' appeal in a UK High re Assange, Professor Nils Melzer, the esteemed UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, returns to Countdown for an informative and lively discussion revolving around the upcoming English version of his critically acclaimed blockbuster bestseller The Trial of Julian Assange. Prof. Melzer spends the last portion of the interview analyzing, dissecting and speculating on the lower court's narrow decision not to extradite Assange and what it may auger during the appeals process.Prof. Nils Melzer is the Human Rights Chair of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. He is also Professor of International Law at the University of Glasgow. On 1 November 2016, he took up the function of UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.Prof. Melzer has served for 12 years with the International Committee of the Red Cross as a Legal Adviser, Delegate and Deputy Head of Delegation in various zones of conflict and violence. After leaving the ICRC in 2011, he held academic positions as Research Director of the Swiss Competence Centre on Human Rights (University of Zürich), as Swiss Chair for International Humanitarian Law (Geneva Academy) and as Senior Fellow for Emerging Security Challenges (Geneva Centre for Security Policy), and has represented civil society in the Steering Committee of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers.In the course of his career, Prof. Melzer has also served as Senior Security Policy Adviser to the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, has carried out advisory mandates for influential institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Federal Department of Defense, and has regularly been invited to provide expert testimonies, including to the UN First Committee, the UN CCW, the UNSG Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters, and various Parliamentary Commissions of the European Union, Germany and Switzerland.Prof. Melzer has authored award-winning and widely translated books, including: "Targeted Killing in International Law" (Oxford, 2008, Guggenheim Prize 2009), the ICRC's "Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities" (2009) and the ICRC's official handbook "International Humanitarian Law - a Comprehensive Introduction" (2016), as well as numerous other publications in the field of international law. In view of his expertise in new technologies, Prof. Melzer has been mandated by the EU Parliament to author a legal and policy study on "Human Rights Implications of the Usage of Drones and Robots in Warfare" (2013) and has also co-authored the NATO CCDCOE "Tallinn Manual on the International Law applicable to Cyber Warfare" (Cambridge, 2013), and the NATO MCDC "Policy Guidance Autonomy in Defence Systems", (NATO ACT, 2014).Throughout his career, Prof. Melzer has fought to preserve human dignity and the rule of law through the relentless promotion, reaffirmation and clarification of international legal standards offering protection to those exposed to armed conflicts and other situations of violence.

This episode is also available as a blog post: https://www.eglobaltravelmedia.com.au/the-17th-istanbul-biennial-organised-by-the-istanbul-foundation-for-culture-and-arts-i%cc%87ksv-with-the-support-of-the-2007-2026-biennial-sponsor-koc-holding-will-take-place-between-11-se/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/global-travel-media/message

In part two we dive into Molly Gray's resume, how she defended Private Military Contractors and extractive imperialist slavers in her role within the useless 'regulatory body' of the International Code of Conduct Association (ICOCA), her national-security and CIA-adjacent donors, and how Burlington is becoming a national-security and extractive-industry hub with ties to international development and other local "progressive' politicians. More on the ICOCA: https://icoca.ch/2020/10/05/new-podcast-series-future-security-trends/ Original thread is here https://twitter.com/BtvNormal/status/1313106514069147651

In this episode of the Promise Institute Podcast, Assistant Director Jess Peake interviews Dr. Sorcha MacLeod about the human rights implications of the increased use of private security in the context of Covid-19 and the need for more regulation.Dr. Sorcha MacLeod is an Associate Professor and Marie Curie Individual Fellow at the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law, in the Centre for Private Governance (CEPRI).  She is an internationally recognised expert on business, human rights, and security, in particular the regulation and human rights impacts of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSC).  In 2018, Dr MacLeod was appointed as an independent human rights expert to the UN Working Group on the use of Mercenaries established under the Human Rights Council's Special Procedures.  She is also an invited expert to the UN Open-ended Inter-governmental Working Group on PMSCs and participated in the drafting of the Montreux Document on Private Military and Security Companies and the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers. She has Observer Status at the International Code of Conduct Association and advises governments, Civil Society Organizations and industry on human rights.

In this second podcast, Mr Jamie Williamson, Executive Director of International Code of Conduct Association (ICoCA), joins us to examine the role of the ICoCA in promoting transparency and accountability for the private security sector.

Today we celebrate the birthday of the English Statesman who created “Garden walks” and the birthday of a man who is remembered by Muhly grass. We'll learn about the man memorialized by a plant name that misspells his last name, and we'll also learn about the disastrous freeze for Florida growers that happened in the mid-1980s. Today’s Unearthed Words feature poetry and quotes that teach the lessons we can learn from winter. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that shares terrific essays on the benefits of gardening. I'll talk about a garden item that can definitely come in handy for gardeners, and then we’ll wrap things up with the story of a botanist who recognized that new species can always be discovered, even in areas previously explored. But first, let's catch up on a few recent events.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart   Curated Articles The Wardian case: Botany game-changer | Kew From @kewgardens The Wardian case: Botany game-changer: It's incredible to think that the Wardian case was invented by British doctor and amateur naturalist Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward in 1829 by complete accident...   Gardens: Winning ways for winter Oodles of great tips for designing a Winter Garden from Anglesey’s assistant head gardener David Jordan: One of Jordan’s favorite combinations is the shaggy-barked paperbark maple teamed with the variegated evergreen shrub Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’ and the pink, scented blossoms of Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn.’ At Anglesey, the euonymus is cloud-pruned in summer to create a sinuous shape, but as Jordan points out, “It has adventitious roots, so you could grow it up the walls of a house and have it as a backdrop.” Jordan also recommends the crab apple tree Malus ‘Evereste’ as a centerpiece to a winter border. “You get long, persistent fruit, and you can underplant with dogwood in red or orange that works with the color of the fruit. Underplant with snowdrops, then daffodils, and this takes you through to May when you get the flowers – that gives you a long window of interest.” The winter garden recipe runs something like this: a tree with colorful or tactile bark – try Tibetan cherry (Prunus serrula), paperbark maple (Acer griseum) or Arbutus unedo, the strawberry tree – acts as an anchor for the rest of the planting; then add a mid-level shrub with scented flowers, colored stems or attractive leaves (dogwoods, euonymus, daphnes, viburnums or sarcococcas); finally, there’s the option of a low-growing ground cover (snowdrops and hardy cyclamen, or foliage such as bergenias or pulmonarias).   Now, if you'd like to check out these curated articles for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There’s no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1561 Today is the birthday of the English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon. Francis wrote a splendid essay called “Of Gardens.” The essay contains many quotable thoughts on gardening - although the opening line is the most quoted. “God Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed, it is the purest of human pleasures. It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man; without which, buildings and palaces are but gross handiworks; and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately sooner than to garden finely; as if gardening were the greater perfection. I do hold it, in the royal ordering of gardens, there ought to be gardens, for all the months in the year, in which several things of beauty may be then in season.” In 1606, Francis introduced “Garden Walks” as a concept at Gray's Inn field. Bacon lived at Gray’s Inn, and during that time, the Inns were putting gates and fencing around their land to provide greater privacy and security. It was in the gated field at Gray’s Inn where Bacon created his walk. People were enthralled with the idea. Along the walk, Bacon added flowers and trees like Violets and Primroses, Cherry Trees, and Birch. This whole notion of strolling through a pleasure garden was the 16th century equivalent of the modern-day habit of walking in a shopping mall for exercise. In 1594, Francis Bacon said a learned man needs a garden, library, laboratory -- and a "goodly, huge cabinet" (of curiosities). And, Bacon said, "As is the garden - such is the gardener. A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds."   1785Today is the day the American Lutheran Pastor and botanist Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg was made a member of the American Philosophical Society. He was always referred to by his second name Heinrich. The Muhlenberg family was a founding family of the United States, and Heinrich came from a long line of pastors. His father, Pastor Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg, was known as the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America. His brother was a major in the Revolutionary War, and his other brother was a Congressman. Muhlenberg’s personal journals are a treasure trove of his thoughts on botanical self-improvement. He would write: "How may I best advance myself in the knowledge of plants?” And, Muhlenberg would set goals and reminders to challenge himself, writing: “It is winter, and there is little to do . . . Toward spring I should go out and [put together] a chronology of the trees; how they come out, the flowers, how they appear,. . . . I should especially [take not of] the flowers and fruit.” The grass Muhlenbergia was named for Heinrich Muhlenberg. Muhly grasses are beautiful native grasses. They offer two incredible strengths in their plant profile: drought tolerance and visual punch. Muhly grasses are easy-going, and they grow equally well in harsh conditions and perfectly manicured gardens. The Muhly cultivar ‘White Cloud’ offers gorgeous white plumes. When the coveted Pink Muhly blooms, people often stop to inquire as to the name of the beautiful pink grass. Then, Lindheimer’s Muhly makes a fantastic screen, and Bamboo Muhly commands attention when it is featured in containers. All Muhly grasses like well-drained soil and full sun. If you plant them in fall, be sure to get them situated and in the ground at least a month before the first frost. And here’s an interesting side note: Muhlenberg also discovered the bog turtle. In 1801, the turtle was named Clemmys muhlenbergii in his honor.   1818Today is the anniversary of the death of the American physician Caspar Wistar ("Wiss-Star"), the Younger.  His grandfather was also Caspar Wistar, so the Younger distinction helps people tell them apart. Wistar was a Professor of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1777, Caspar Wistar treated the wounded during the battle of Germantown and decided he would pursue medical training. Wistar had some pretty impressive friends: his best friend was probably Thomas Jefferson, and his most famous botany friend was probably Alexander von Humboldt. During his life, every Sunday Night, Wistar would hold a salon - an open house - at his home on the corner of Fourth and Locust Street. His friends would stop by - along with any members of academia, or the elite or high society, along with other accomplished people who happened to be in Philadelphia that evening. They all knew that Wistar's house was the place to go to meet up with the best minds of the day. The botanist Thomas Nuttall named the genus Wisteria in Caspar Wistar's honor (some people say Wistaria to reflect the proper spelling of Wistar's last name. Either is fine because guess what - the misspelling is preserved for all time under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). It's like one of my kid's birth certificates - it can be amended, but the original is wrong and will be until the end of time. Wistar died of a heart ailment unexpectedly on January 18, 1818. His final utterance was: "I wish well to all mankind." After Wistar died, his friends continued holding Wistar parties for a core group of 50 members. They would each take turns hosting, and the kept the tradition going for another forty years. Today, Wistar ("Wiss-Star")is the name of The Wistar Institute, the nation's first independent biomedical research center. Today, they focus on cancer, infectious disease & vaccine research to benefit human health.   1985 Record-breaking cold temperatures damaged 90% of Florida's orange and grapefruit crop. Newspaper accounts sounded grim saying: “A nightmare for citrus growers...The fourth killer cold wave in five growing seasons seized Florida's 760,000-acre Citrus Belt on Monday with an icy grip that growers said froze millions of oranges and could destroy thousands of acres of trees already weakened by the disastrous Christmas 1983 freeze. Shocked by lows that fell to the low- and mid-teens throughout the northern two-thirds of the orange belt by Monday morning, growers said the latest in the string of freezes undoubtedly would end the careers of many of the state's 30,000 citrus growers. "It's a nightmare come true: back-to-back 100-year freezes," said Marion County citrus-man John Futch. A 100-year freeze is expected to occur only once every century. All-time low-temperature records were set across the state early Monday, including 19 degrees in Orlando and 17 degrees in Daytona Beach. Farmers as far south as Naples lost fruit and vegetable crops to the numbing cold. Citrus experts with Florida Citrus Mutual, the state's largest growers' organization with more than 15,000 members, said the low temperatures Monday rivaled "Between last night and tonight, I don't think there'll be a tree alive in Hernando County when this is over," Dr. William Croom said Monday morning after surveying his 104-year-old, 110-acre grove on Powell Road. "I'm not going to replant. I'll be 65 in March. That's just too late in life" to start over. As the temperature fell to 15 degrees, Croom's grove foreman, Barney Parrott, and three other workers lighted 300 oil-fueled stack heaters among trees in an 8-acre section in an effort to salvage the healthiest portion of his grove. "We'll be back out tonight, although I don't know if it'll do any good," he said Monday.   Unearthed Words Today’s words are about the lessons we can learn from winter.   Spring passes, and one remembers one’s innocence. Summer passes and one remembers one’s exuberance. Autumn passes and one remembers one’s reverence. Winter passes, and one remembers one’s perseverance. — Yoko Ono, Japanese-Multimedia Artist, Widow of John Lennon   People don't notice whether it's winter or summer when they're happy. — Anton Chekhov, Russian Playwrite & Writer   One kind word can warm three winter months. — Japanese Proverb   “What good is the warmth of summer, without the cold of winter to give it sweetness.” — John Steinbeck, American Author & Nobel Prize Winner   To shorten winter, borrow some money due in spring. — W.J. Vogel   If there were no tribulation, there would be no rest; if there were no winter, there would be no summer. — St. John Chrysostom ("kri-SOSS-tum"), Bishop of Constantinople   "Nature has undoubtedly mastered the art of winter gardening, and even the most experienced gardener can learn from the unrestrained beauty around them." — Vincent A. Simeone ("Sim-EE-OH-nee"), Horticulturist   Grow That Garden Library By Pen & by Spade by David Wheeler This book features thirty-three essays From David Wheeler's passion project known as Hortus magazine (Which I just subscribed to). Hortus provides expert information on plants and gardening, with articles focusing on gardens around the world. The essays explore the various benefits of gardening. They are written by multiple writers who share personal stories and lessons from the garden. This book features essays from Robert Dash (who examines the overlap between gardening and poetry), Rosemary Verey (who shares thoughts on the courtyard gardens of Charleston), Hermia Oliver does the same with Flaubert's gardens; And, Dennis Wood reveals the joy of gardening after retirement. These essays are an excellent source of good gardening advice: how to plant a scent garden ("Stick to a sunny, sheltered spot," advises Stephen Lacey), how to grow blue-hued gentians (seek out an acid soil, counsels Stephen G. Haw). This book came out in 1991. You can get a used copy of By Pen & by Spade by David Wheeler and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for under $1.   Great Gifts for Gardeners Esschert Design Garden Tool Belt, Gray & Green, $13.18 Adjustable green and gray garden tool apron. Deep pockets, adjustable belt, and compartments for markers make this apron a must for every busy gardener. Tool Belt 13; 26 Inch 1; 482 Inch 13; 26In Perfect For Use In The Garden Or Yard Grey And Green Canvas Tool Belt With Plastic Clasps   Today’s Botanic Spark 1917 Today is the anniversary of the death of the Presbyterian minister, writer, and an American botanist Ellsworth Jerome Hill. Ellsworth was born in Leroy, New York. When Ellsworth was only 20 years old, one of his knees stopped working, and the doctor suggested he study botany. Ellsworth wood crawl from the house to the orchard, where he would pick a few flowers and then crawl back to the house to identify them. And the following year, Ellsworth moved to Mississippi, where it was warmer, and he used two canes to assist with walking. By middle age, Ellsworth met and married a young woman named Milancy Leach - who would become his indispensable helpmate. When he was lame, or when he didn't have the strength to complete all of his tasks as he collected specimens, Milancy would step in and finish the work for him. By the time he was 40, Ellsworth had put his lameness behind him. In the back half of his life, he seemed to be able to manage his physical challenges and, with Milancy’s help, had learned how to cope with the symptoms. In a touching tribute to Ellsworth after his death, the botanist Agnes Chase rote: “Most of these collections were made while he walked on crutches or with two canes. He told me that he carried his vasculum over his shoulder and a camp stool with his crutch or cane in one hand. To secure a plant, he would drop the camp stool, which opened of itself, then he would lower himself to the stool and dig the plant. He recovered from his lameness but often suffered acute pain from cold or wet or overexertion. But this did not deter him from making botanical trips that would have taxed a more robust man – in the Dunes, I have seen him tire out more than one able-bodied man. “ It was Ellsworth Jerome Hill who said, "In studying the flora of a restricted region, no matter how carefully it seems to have been explored, one is frequently surprised by new things...  No region can be regarded as thoroughly explored until every acre of its wild areas at least has been examined. Some plants are so rare or local or grow under such peculiar conditions that a few square rods or even feet may comprise their range."

What's the secret to beautiful begonias? I asked this to a friend recently who has the most gorgeous begonias every single year. Her answer: fish emulsion. This means you should feed your begonias with fertilizer. Since we love that begonias flower and they do flower their hearts out, that makes begonias are heavy feeders.  Since fish emulsion (5-1-1) is a low-intensity total fertilizer it's perfect for promoting large, healthy, beautiful begonias. Just feed every 3-4 weeks and follow the label directions. And remember, most begonias do best with plenty of filtered light but little or no direct hot sun. So don't fry them. At the same time, water and begonias don't play nice together in the sense that begonias can rot pretty quickly. They need a soil that's going to drain quick. They need to be in pots - like terra cotta- that breathe. Add perlite or leaf mold to your soil mix to make a very coarse, quick-draining potting mix to add more air pockets to the soil.  Then, don't forget that those air pockets mean you need to water more frequently - especially during warm weather. One thing you can also do is mist begonias. They like humidity - but too much of that can invite fungus or powdery mildew, so keep an eye on them.     Brevities #OTD  Today is the birthday of Caspar Wistar the Younger who was born on this day in 1761. His grandfather was also Caspar Wistar, so the Younger distinction helps people tell them apart. Wistar was a Professor of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania. The botanist Thomas Nuttall named the genus Wisteria in his honor (some people say Wistaria to reflect the proper spelling of Wistar's last name. Either is fine because guess what - the misspelling is preserved for all time under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). It's like one of my kid's birth certificate - it can be amended but the original is wrong and will be until the end of time. Wistar had some pretty impressive friends: his best friend was probably Thomas Jefferson and his most famous botany friend was probably Alexander von Humboldt. Wistar died of a heart ailment unexpectedly on January 18, 1818.  His final utterance was: "I wish well to all mankind." During his life, every Sunday Night, Wistar would hold a salon - an open house - at his home on the corner of Fourth and Locust Street. His friends would stop by - along with any members of academia, or the elite or high society, along with other accomplished people who happened to be in Philadelphia that evening. They all knew that Wistar's house was the place to go to meet up with the best minds of the day. When Wistar died, his friends continued holding Wistar parties for a core group of 50 members. They would each take turns hosting and the kept the tradition going for another forty years.     #OTD   Today is the birthday of the British author, Roald Dahl who was born on this day in 1916. Today, his birthday, is celebrated all over the world as Roald Dahl Day. Dahl was an avid gardener. In fact, his garden shed doubled as his writing nook where he wrote many books, including Charlie and the Chocolate factory. As romantic a notion as this sounds to a gardener's ears, it was also a pragmatic decision on the part of Dahl's wife. Dahl chain-smoked as he wrote and the garden shed kept the smoke out of the house. For Dahl's part, he loved the idea of using the garden shed as a place to write, especially after seeing the little writing hut used by the author Dylan Thomas. Gardeners with a passion for roses will no doubt praise the Roald Dahl Rose which honored Dahl's love of gardening. It's an absolutely stunning English shrub rose bred by David Austin. It's got a very blousy habit and scrumptious peach blooms that just go non-stop. They have a lovely fragrance as well - and not many thorns, so that's a bonus. Dahl's diaries have marvelous entries about his garden, and he was often inspired by his garden which you can ascertain when you read in his work. H ere are some examples:   From Matilda: "I liked The Secret Garden best of all. It was full of mystery."   From My Year: "There is just one small bright spark shining through the gloom in my January garden. The first snowdrops are in flower."   From James and the Giant Peach: "And now suddenly, the whole place, the whole garden seemed to be alive with magic...” From The BFG: “But Mr Tibbs didn’t hesitate for long. ‘Tell the head gardener,’ he whispered, ‘that I require immediately a brand new unused garden fork and also a spade. And for a knife we shall use the great sword hanging on the wall in the morning-room. But clean the sword well first. It was last used to cut off the head of King Charles the First and there may still be a little dried blood on the blade.” From Roald Dahl: "Mary, Mary, quite contrary How does yr garden grow? 'I live with my brat in a high-rise flat, So how in the world would I know.'     Unearthed Words All week long The Daily Gardener has been sharing quotes from the author Beverley Nichols, who was born on Monday of this week in 1898. A prolific writer, Nichols is best remembered for his gardening books. Today I'm featuring excerpts from his book called Forty Favourite Flowers. It is exactly as described, Nichols sharing his top selections; the flowers he loved most in his garden; which he described this way:    “A great deal of weeping goes on in my garden, but it is a happy sort of weeping, for all this bending of branches and bowing of heads is simply due to the fact that so much beauty is displayed on so small a stage.”    Nichols arranged this book simply; using alphabetical order. Then he just shares some of his favorites. Here are some excerpts for you:   Algerian Iris: One of my grandfathers died of a clump of Iris stylosa; it enticed him from a sick bed on an angry evening in January, luring him through the snow-drifts with its blue and silver flames; he died of double pneumonia a few days later. It was probably worth it.   Magnolia: "I must confess that, for me, the flower of the magnolia is most beautiful when life has almost ebbed from it. These are the twilit hours when the petals flag and falter, when their immaculate ivory texture dims, when they glow with a ghostly radiance that seems to come from another world"   Regal Lily: "The regal lilies do indeed praise the Lord. Some of my own, last summer were so exultant that they praised Him through no less than thirty snow-white trumpets on a single stem, and even the most accomplished angel could not do much better than that."    Iris Siberica: How can one ignore...  that singular infinitely sinister blossom Iris siberica? This latter flower can certainly claim to be exclusively dressed; for the petals of no other blossom has Nature designed so curious of fabric, vein with slate and violet and purple.     Fritillairies: Each Stage of our lives has its "signature" flower and those of us who keep diaries would have a little difficulty in assigning to each year those flowers which are especially evocative...  Fritillairies are linked with my years as an undergraduate... Year after year, for generation after generation, these flowers have danced in the background through the lives of England’s youth.     Mesembryanthemum: The flower is a startling proof of the fact that when nature decides to be vulgar - really vulgar - she can achieve affects of almost blinding beauty. For nothing could be more opulent, more blatant, more shamelessly exhibitionist than a bed of the Mesembryanthemum in full bloom. Magenta jostling scarlet, screaming at cinnamon, fighting with shocking pink, yelling against a dozen shades of orange and vermilion.      Caryopteris: Paradoxically, blue is the color that makes many people see red; by which I mean that fears arguments are constantly developing as to which flower is the bluest... The Caryopteris is a radiant in any weather...  The blue of its petals seems to have the quality of caring for great distances, as though it were some sort of floral evangelist with a message of good tidings for all the world.     Summer Hyacinth: On an August night, when the moon is full, there is an almost ectoplasmic radiance around its petals.     Golden-bell clematis: If I had to confine my choice of creepers to a single family – what a hideous thought! – I should probably choose the family of clematis. And if I were limited to a single member of the family, I should probably choose Clematis tangutica. I said "probably" because these hypothetical decisions are so very painful.     Finally, in FFF, Nichols offered some sweeping thoughts that will undoubtedly strike a chord:   “One of the many reasons why gardens are increasingly precious to us in this day and age is that they help us to escape from the tyranny of speed. Our skies are streaked with jets, our roads have turned to race-tracks, and in the cities the crowds rush to and fro as though the devil were at their heels. But as soon as we open the garden gate, Time seems almost to stand still, slowing down to the gentle ticking of the Clock of the Universe.”       Today's book recommendation: English Cottage Gardening by Margaret Hensel  This book is a wonder for anyone who loves the intimacy of the English cottage garden and who endeavors to capture the feel of that  for their own space.  Hensel has come up with core elements from ten cottage gardens―eight in England and two in the United States. Once you master those elements, you are well on your way to having a cottage garden of your own. Hensel explains each element and how to achieve it, and she shares the stories of beginners that are sure to inspire new gardeners. The last part of this book is especially helpful; It reviews 76 selected cottage-style plants and how to use them to create the cottage garden. Hensel wants her readers, "[to] feel moved, even inspired, to imagine what magical things might happen in their own front and backyards". The books is chockfull of information and photos. Hensel is an exceptional photographer in her own right which makes her photographs of the gardens and plants extra meaningful. So overall, there's tons of information and Inspiration for gardeners looking to create their own cozy cottage garden.   Today's Garden Chore Just because it's September, doesn't mean you can't divide bearded irises because you can - and I just recently did this myself.  If you have older clumps of irises or irises out of place, it's a great time to divide them and move them. Be sure to remove any bad parts of the rhizomes and then plant them high. I like to nestle mine on top of the soil and then stake them in instead of digging them or half-burying them. To each his own - but no matter what - do not bury them deep.     Something Sweet  Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart On this day in 1843, the New England Farmer out of Boston, Massachusetts published this little article about toads. "Never destroy the toad. In the season of bugs and flies, a toad will do more towards the preservation of a garden, than a man, and all that ho requires at your hands for this valuable assistance, is the freedom of your garden walks and beds, and the paltry shelter of a chip or turf. He meddles with no one's business but his own constantly avoiding company, and intent only on extirpating those voracious insects by whose jaws the beauty of the garden is so frequently laid low."     Thanks for listening to the daily gardener, and remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

She's a tiny fashion guru who eats mice head first. Today we cover the Microraptor, the International Code of Zoological Nomerclature, and some important corrections from last week. Apologies for the uber late upload, we're working on figuring out a more consistent upload schedule! Follow us on Twitter!

Responding to human need in a way that supports human dignity, and avoids paternalism is the foundation of learning to help without hurting. Founded on this understanding, the International Code of Conduct, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response, are the most internationally recognized sets of common principles and universal minimum standards in humanitarian response. This workshop overviews these important standards in the context of short-term missions as well as UN coordinated refugee and disaster response.

On 10 August the Lowy Institute hosted an address from James Cockayne, a strategist, international lawyer and writer. A visiting lecturer at Columbia University, a Hauser scholar at New York University School of Law, and a University Medallist in government and public administration at the University of Sydney, Dr. Cockayne has worked in public service, academia and the advocacy arena. He was Co-Director of the Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation, leading their work in New York and Africa. Earlier, Dr. Cockayne served as Principal Legal Officer in the Transnational Crime and Extradition Units in the Australian Attorney-General’s Department; as Chair of the Editorial Committee of the Journal of International Criminal Justice; and also as a civil society member of the multistakeholder group that established an oversight mechanism for the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers. Dr. Cockayne has at various times been a consultant and adviser to the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the World Bank, the Center on Humanitarian Dialogue, International Alert, the Norwegian Peacebuilding Forum, the Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum, and the Global Leadership Forum. His books include Hidden Power: The Strategic Logic of Organized Crime (Hurst, forthcoming 2016); Peace Operations and Organized Crime: Enemies or Allies? (Routledge, 2011), edited with Adam Lupel; and Beyond Market Forces: Regulating the Global Security Industry (IPI, 2009).

Featuring: Ms. Helen BrohlExecutive Director, U.S. Committee on Marine Transportation System Director General Ida Skard Director General, Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries Charlotte Demeer Strøm Director - Head of International Politics, Norwegian Shipowners’ Association Dr. Lawson Brigham Distinguished Professor of Geography & Arctic policy, University of Alaska Fairbanks Moderated by: Ms. Heather A. ConleySenior Vice President for Europe, Eurasia and the Arctic; Director, Europe Program, CSIS This timely discussion will analyze the current and future state of play related to destination shipping and transshipment across the Arctic region.  As energy and commodity prices have plummeted and global economic growth softens, significant new Arctic investments have also slowed.  How has this impacted Arctic shipping?  Additionally, on January 1, 2017, the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) will likely enter into force with subsequent adjustments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).  How will implementation of the Polar Code impact Arctic shipping?  Finally, as Arctic states are focusing on enhanced Arctic maritime safety, stewardship, and domain awareness, there continues to be a lack of Arctic marine infrastructure, particularly in the U.S.  What is the latest state of play on improving maritime infrastructure?

The order Diptera (Insecta), flies, is a megadiverse group, representing some 15% or more of the known species of organisms. Scientific names are tags to concepts (hypotheses), called species, by which we organize our knowledge of biodiversity. Our Systema Dipterorum provides an index to all scientific names related to flies, so access to our knowledge about them is readily available. Sherborn more than a century ago attempted to provide such an index to all animal names. He did provide an index to all names published up until and including 1850. We compare our indexes, revealing how standards have changed and the number of names increased. Today, more and better resources are being made available to us, such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library, and our standards are higher (new International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), but regardless of all the change, Sherborn for his time provided an almost perfect (99.9%) index.Listen to this episode

Part 17. Practice and Procedure--Law-- Adjective or Remedial Law. Code, Codes in the United States, International Code. Justinian-Corpus juris civilis. Your excellent calls and the daily news bag.

Sat, 1 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17031/1/10_1159_000332738.pdf Koletzko, Berthold

Kate Snowise is a life and executive coach as well as the host of the Here to Thrive podcast. With close to two decades of dedicated learning and professional experience behind her, Kate integrates theory with real-word practicalities. She understands what makes us happy, thriving humans in both our lives and our careers. Kate completed her registration as a General Psychologist in New Zealand in 2010 with her research focusing on positive psychology, emotional intelligence, stress and well-being in the workplace. She is now a Registered Professional Coach with the Association of Coaching (UK) and bound by their International Code of Ethics. Before moving to the USA in 2013, Kate was a Corporate Psychologist and managed a team of thirteen. In 2015 she started her private coaching consultancy to bring her knowledge and experience together. Her focus is always on delivering highly practical techniques that are easy to remember and apply, yet can make a significant difference in her clients lives. Kate is the host of the 5-star rated podcast Here to Thrive which has more than 340,000 downloads to date. Her thoughts have also been featured in Huffington Post, Complete Wellbeing, MindBodyGreen, Project Happiness, Tiny Buddha and Forbes. She is currently based in Minneapolis/St Paul but coaches her clients that are all over the USA via video-conferencing calls.In This Episode, You Will Learn:Three strategies to help you overcome a stressful situation.How Kate used these three strategies when she was unexpectedly diagnosed with breast cancer three days before her 36th birthday.Why she chose to have a bilateral mastectomy surgery.How she helped her children navigate the situation.Connect with Kate:21 Journal Prompts for Self-Discoverywww.Thrive.HowFacebookInstagramTwitterLinkedInYouTubePinterestMy Episode on Cultivating the Lovely with MacKenzie Koppa:Getting Unstuck - David Trotter (interviewed by MacKenzie Koppa)Don’t Miss A Single Episode:Subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, or Stitcher.Leave a quick review on any of the podcast apps to tell people what you think about the show.Take a screenshot of the podcast and post it on Instagram or Instagram Stories. Tag us @insporising. We’ll repost and give you a shoutout!Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/inspiration-rising/donations