Podcasts about Toku

This episode we start to get more into the material culture of the period with court fashion, as we look at the court robes that went along with the updated court ranks.  Granted, we only have a few resources, but from those it does seem like we can construct at least a plausible idea of what the court may have looked like at this time. For more discussion, check out the blogpost:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-137   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is Episode 137:  Courtly Fashion. In the New Year's ceremony, the court officials lined up in front of the Kiyomihara Palace, arranged by their relative court rank, dressed in their assigned court robes.  The effect was impressive—the rows of officials painting the courtyard like the bands of color in a rainbow, albeit one with only a couple of hues.  The fact that they were all wearing the same style of dress and black, stiffened gauze hats only added to the effect.  The individual officers were all but lost in what was, at least in outward form, a single, homogenous machine of government, just waiting for the command of their monarch to attend to the important matters of state. We are covering the reign of Ohoama no Ohokimi, aka Ama no Nunahara oki no mabito no Sumera no Mikoto, aka Temmu Tennou.  Last episode we went over the changes he had made to the family titles—the kabane—as well as to the courtly rank system.  For the former, he had consolidated the myriad kabane and traditional titles across Yamato into a series of eight—the Yakusa no Kabane.   These were, from highest to lowest: Mabito, Asomi, Sukune, Imiki, Michinoshi, Omi, Muraji, and Inaki.  By the way, you might notice that "Mabito" actually occurs in Ohoama's posthumous name:  Ama no Nunahara oki no mabito, which lends more credence to the idea that that kabane was for those with a special connection to the royal lineage. Besides simplifying and restructuring the kabane, Ohoama also reformed the court rank system.  He divided the Princely ranks into two categories:  Myou, or Bright, and Jou, or Pure.  For the court nobles the categories were:                Shou – Upright                Jiki – Straight                Gon – Diligent                Mu – Earnest                Tsui – Pursue                Shin – Advancement Each category was further divided into four grades (except for the very first princely category, Myou, which was only two).  Each grade was then further divided into large, "dai", or broad, "kou". And this brings us to our topic today. Along with this new rank system, Ohoama's administration also instituted a new set of court sumptuary laws. Some are vague in the record—we can just make assumptions for what is going on based on what we know from later fashion choices.  Others are a little more clear.  We'll take a look at those sumptuary laws, particularly those that were directly associated with the new court rank system, but we'll also look at the clothing styles more generally. To start with, let's talk about what we know about clothing in the archipelago in general.  Unfortunately, fabric doesn't tend to survive very well in the generally acidic soils of the Japanese archipelago.  Cloth tends to break down pretty quickly.  That said, we have fragments here and there and impressions in pottery, so we have some idea that there was some kind of woven fabric from which to make clothing out of. And before I go too far I want to give a shout out to the amazing people at the Kyoto Costume Museum.  They have a tremendous website and I will link to it in the comments.  While there may be some debate over particular interpretations of historical clothing, it is an excellent resource to get a feel for what we know of the fashion of the various periods.  I'll also plug our own website, SengokuDaimyo.com, which has a "Clothing and Accessory" section that, while more geared towards Heian and later periods, may still be of some use in looking up particular terms and getting to know the clothing and outfits. At the farthest reaches of pre-history, we really don't have a lot of information for clothing.  There is evidence of woven goods in the Jomon period, and we have Yayoi burials with bits of cloth here and there, but these are all scraps.  So at best we have some conjecture as to what people were wearing, and possibly some ability to look across the Korean peninsula and see what people had, there. There are scant to no reliable records from early on in Japanese history, and most of those don't really do a great job of describing the clothing.  Even where we do get something, like the Weizhi, one has to wonder given how they tended to crib notes from other entries. There is at least one picture scroll of interest: Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang, or Liáng -Zhígòngtú.  It is said to have been painted by Xiao Yi in the early 6th century, and while the original no longer exists there is an 11th century copy from the time of the Song Dynasty.  The scroll shows  various ambassadors to the Liang court, including one from Wa.  The Wa ambassador is shown with what appears to be a wide piece of cloth around his hips and legs, tied in front.  His lower legs are covered in what we might call kyahan today: a rather simple wrap around leg from below the knee to the foot.  He has another, blue piece of cloth around his shoulders, almost like a shawl, and it is also tied in front.  Then there is a cloth wrapped and tied around his head. It's hard to know how much of this depiction is accurate and how much the artist was drawing on memory and descriptions from things like the Weizhi or Wei Chronicles, which stated that the Wa people wore wide cloths wrapped around and seamlessly tied As such, it may be more helpful to look at depictions actually from the archipelago: specifically, some of the human-figured haniwa, those clay cylinders and statues that adorned the burial mounds which gave the kofun period its name.  Some of these haniwa are fairly detailed, and we can see ties, collars, and similar features of clothing. These haniwa primarily seem to cluster towards the end of the Kofun period, in the later 6th century, so it is hard to say how much they can be used for earlier periods, though that is exactly what you will typically see for periods where we have little to know evidence.  I'm also not sure how regional certain fashions might have been, and we could very much be suffering from survivorship bias—that is we only know what survived and assume that was everything, or even the majority. Still, it is something. Much of what we see in these figures is some kind of upper garment that has relatively tight sleeves, like a modern shirt or jacket might have, with the front pieces overlapping create a V-shaped neckline.  The garment hem often hangs down to just above the knee, flaring out away from the body, and it's held closed with ties and some kind of belt, possibly leather in some cases, and in others it looks like a tied loop of cloth.  There is evidence of a kind of trouser, with two legs, and we see ties around the knee.  In some cases, they even have small bells hanging from the ties.  Presumably the trousers might have ties up towards the waist, but we cannot see that in the examples we have. We also see individuals who have no evidence of any kind of bifurcated lower garment.  That may indicate an underskirt of some kind, or possibly what's called a "mo"—but it could also be just a simplification for stability, since a haniwa has a cylindrical base anyway.  It is not always obvious when you are looking at a haniwa figure whether it depicts a man or woman: in some cases there are two dots on the chest that seem to make it obvious, but the haniwa do come from different artisans in different regions, so there is a lot of variability. We also see evidence of what seem to be decorative sashes that are worn across the body, though not in all cases.  There are various types of headgear and hairstyles.  Wide-brimmed and domed hats are not uncommon, and we also see combs and elaborate hairstyles depicted.  On some occasions we can even see that they had closed toed shoes.  For accessories, we see haniwa wearing jewelry, including necklaces (worn by both men and women), bracelets, and earrings.  In terms of actual human jewelry, early shell bracelets demonstrate trade routes, and the distinctive magatama, or comma shaped jewel, can be found in the archipelago and on the Korean peninsula, where it is known as "gogok".  Based on lines or even colored pigment on the haniwa, it appears that many of these outfits were actually quite heavily decorated.  Paint on the outfits is sometimes also placed on the face, suggesting that they either painted or tattooed themselves, something mentioned in the Wei Chronicles.  We also have archaeological examples of dyed cloth, so it is interesting that people are often depicted in undyed clothing.  There is one haniwa that I find particularly interesting, because they appear to be wearing more of a round-necked garment, and they have a hat that is reminiscent of the phrygian cap: a conical cap with the top bent forward.  These are traits common to some of the Sogdians and other Persian merchants along the silk road, raising the possibility that it is meant to depict a foreigner, though it is also possible that it was just another local style. If we compare this to the continent, we can see some immediate difference.  In the contemporaneous Sui dynasty, we can see long flowing robes, with large sleeves for men and women.  The shoes often had an upturned placket that appears to have been useful to prevent one from tripping on long, flowing garments.  Many of these outfits were also of the v-neck variety, with two overlapping pieces, though it is often shown held together with a fabric belt that is tied in front.  The hats appear to either be a kind of loose piece of fabric, often described as a turban, wrapped around the head, the ends where it ties together trailing behind, or black lacquered crowns—though there were also some fairly elaborate pieces for the sovereign. As Yamato started to import continental philosophy, governance, and religion, they would also start to pick up on continental fashion.  This seems particularly true as they adopted the continental concept of "cap rank" or "kan-i". Let's go over what we know about this system, from its first mention in the Chronicles up to where we are in Ohoama's reign. As a caveat, there is a lot we don't know about the details of these garments, but we can make some guesses. The first twelve cap-ranks, theoretically established in 603, are somewhat questionable in their historicity, as are so many things related to Shotoku Taishi.  And their names are clearly based on Confucian values:  Virtue, Humanity, Propriety, Faith, Justice, and Wisdom, or Toku, Nin, Rei, Shin, Gi, and Chi.  The five values and then just "Virtue", itself. The existence of this system does seem to be confirmed by the Sui Shu, the Book of Sui, which includes a note in the section on the country of Wa that they used a 12 rank system based on the Confucian values, but those values were given in the traditional Confucian order vice the order given in the Nihon Shoki.   The rank system of the contemporaneous Sui and Tang dynasties was different from these 12 ranks, suggesting that the Yamato system either came from older dynasties—perhaps from works on the Han dynasty or the Northern and Southern Dynasty, periods—or they got it from their neighbors, Baekje, Silla, and Goguryeo.  There does seem to be a common thread, though, that court rank was identifiable in one's clothes. As for the caps themselves, what did they look like?  One would assume that the Yamato court just adopted a continental style cap, and yet, which one? It isn't fully described, and there are a number of types of headwear that we see in the various continental courts. Given that, we aren't entirely sure exactly what it looked like, but we do have a couple of sources that we can look at and use to make some assumptions.  These sources l ead us to the idea of a round, colored cap made of fabric, around the brim that was probably the fabric or image prescribed for that rank.  It is also often depicted with a bulbous top, likely for the wearer's hair, and may have been tied to their top knot.     Our main source for this is the Tenjukoku Mandala Embroidery (Tenjukoku-mandara-shuuchou) at Chuuguuji temple, which was a temple built for the mother of Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi.    This embroidery was created in 622, so 19 years after the 12 ranks would have been implemented. It depicts individuals in round-necked jackets that appear to have a part straight down the center.  Beneath the jacket one can see a pleated hem, possibly something like a "hirami", a wrapped skirt that is still found in some ceremonial imperial robes.  It strikes me that this could also be the hem of something like the hanpi, which was kind of like a vest with a pleated lower edge.  Below that we see trousers—hakama—with a red colored hem—at least on one figure that we can see.  He also appears to be wearing a kind of slipper-like shoe. As for the women, there are a few that appear to be in the mandala, but it is hard to say for certain as the embroidery has been damaged over the years. That said, from what we can tell, women probably would have worn something similar to the men in terms of the jacket and the pleated under-skirt, but then, instead of hakama, we see a pleated full-length skirt, or mo.  We also don't have a lot of evidence for them wearing hats or anything like that. The round necked jacket is interesting as it appears to be similar to the hou that was common from northern China across the Silk Road, especially amongst foreigners.  This garment  came to displace the traditional robes of the Tang court and would become the basis for much of the court clothing from that period, onwards.  The round necked garment had central panels that overlapped, and small ties or fastenings at either side of the neck to allow for an entirely enclosed neckline.  This was more intricate than just two, straight collars, and so may have taken time to adopt, fully. The next change to the cap-rank system was made in 647, two years into the Taika Reform.  The ranks then were more directly named for the caps, or crowns—kanmuri—and their materials and colors.  The ranks translate to Woven, Embroidered, Purple, Brocade, Blue, Black, and finally "Establish Valor" for the entry level rank. The system gets updated two years later, but only slightly.  We still see a reference to Woven stuff, Embroidery, and Purple, but then the next several ranks change to Flower, Mountain, and Tiger—or possibly Kingfisher.  These were a little more removed from the cap color and material, and may have had something to do with designs that were meant to be embroidered on the cap or on the robes in some way, though that is just speculation based on later Ming and Qing court outfits. Naka no Ohoye then updates it again in 664, but again only a little.  He seems to add back in the "brocade" category, swapping out the "flower", and otherwise just adds extra grades within each category to expand to 26 total rank grades. And that brings us to the reforms of 685, mentioned last episode.  This new system was built around what appear to be moral exhortations—Upright, Straight, Diligent, Earnest, etc.  And that is great and all, but how does that match up with the official robes? What color goes with each rank category?  Fortunately, this time around, the Chronicle lays it out for us pretty clearly. First off we are given the color red for the Princely ranks—not purple as one might have thought.  Specifically, it is "Vermillion Flower", hanezu-iro, which Bentley translates as the color of the "Oriental bush" or salmon.  In the blogpost we'll link to a table of colors that the founder of Sengoku Daimyo, Anthony Bryant, had put together, with some explanation of how to apply it.  I would note that there is often no way to know exactly what a given color was like or what shades were considered an acceptable range.  Everything was hand-dyed, and leaving fabric in the dye a little longer, changing the proportions, or just fading over time could create slightly different variants in the hue, but we think we can get pretty close. From there we have the six "common" ranks for the nobility.  Starting with the first rank, Upright, we have "Dark Purple".  Then we have "Light Purple".  This pattern continues with Dark and Light Green and then Dark and Light Grape or Lilac.  Purple in this case is Murasaki, and green here is specifically Midori, which is more specifically green than the larger category of "Aoi", which covers a spectrum of blue to green.  The grape or lilac is specifically "suou", and based on Bentley's colors it would be a kind of purple or violet. The idea is that the official court outfits for each rank would be the proper color.  And yes, that means if you get promoted in rank, your first paycheck—or rice stipend—is probably going to pay for a new set of official clothes.  Fortunately for the existing court nobles at the time, in the last month of 685, the Queen provided court clothing for 55 Princes and Ministers, so they could all look the part. And the look at court was important.  In fact, several of the edicts from this time focus specifically on who was allowed—or expected—to wear what.  For instance, in the 4th month of 681, they established 92 articles of the law code, and among those were various sumptuary laws—that is to say, laws as to what you could wear.  We are told that they applied to everyone from Princes of the blood down to the common person, and it regulated the wearing of precious metals, pearls, and jewels; the type of fabric one could use, whether purple, brocade, embroidery, or fine silks; and it also regulated woollen carpets, caps, belts, and the colors of various things. And here I'd like to pause and give some brief thought to how this played into the goals of the court, generally, which is to say the goal of creating and establishing this new system of governance in the cultural psyche of the people of the archipelago.  From the continental style palaces, to the temples, and right down to the clothing that people were wearing, this was all orchestrated, consciously or otherwise, to emphasize and even normalize the changes that were being introduced.  When everything around you is conforming to the new rules, it makes it quite easy for others to get on board. The court had surrounded themselves with monumental architecture that was designed along continental models and could best be explained through continental reasoning.  Even if they weren't Confucian or Daoist, those lines of reasoning ran through the various cultural and material changes that they were taking up.  Sure, they put their own stamp on it, but at the same time, when everything is right in front of you, it would become that much harder to deny or push back against it. And when you participated in the important rituals of the state, the clothing itself became a part of the pageantry.  It reinforced the notion that this was something new and different, and yet also emphasized that pushing against it would be going against the majority.  So court uniforms were another arm of the state's propaganda machine, all designed to reinforce the idea that the heavenly sovereign—the Tennou—was the right and just center of political life and deserving of their position.  Getting back to the sumptuary laws and rank based regulations: It is unfortunate that the record in the Nihon Shoki doesn't tell us exactly how things were regulated, only that they were, at least in some cases.  So for anything more we can only make assumptions based on later rules and traditions.  A few things we can see right away, though.  First is the restriction of the color purple.  Much as in Europe and elsewhere in the world, getting a dark purple was something that was not as easy as one might think, and so it tended to be an expensive dye and thus it would be restricted to the upper classes—in this case the princely and ministerial rank, no doubt.  Similarly brocade and fine silks were also expensive items that were likely restricted to people of a particular social station for that reason. The mention of woolen rugs is particularly intriguing.  Bentley translates this as woven mattresses, but I think that woolen rugs makes sense, as we do have examples of woolen "rugs" in Japan in at least the 8th century, stored in the famous Shousouin repository at Toudaiji temple, in Nara.  These are all imported from the continent and are actually made of felt, rather than woven.  As an imported item, out of a material that you could not get in the archipelago, due to a notable lack of sheep, they would have no doubt been expensive. The funny thing is that the carpets in the Shousouin may not have been meant as carpets.  For the most part they are of a similar size and rectangular shape, and one could see how they may have been used as sleeping mattresses or floor coverings.  However, there is some conjecture that they came from the Silk Road and may have been originally meant as felt doors for the tents used by the nomadic steppe peoples.  This is only conjecture, as I do not believe any of these rugs have survived in the lands where they would have been made, but given the size and shape and the modern yurt, it is not hard to see how that may have been the case.  Either way, I tend to trust that this could very well have meant woolen rugs, as Aston and the kanji themselves suggest, though I would understand if there was confusion or if it meant something else as wool was not exactly common in the archipelago at that time or in the centuries following. The last section of the regulations talks about the use of caps and belts.  The caps here were probably of continental origin:  The kanmuri, or official cap of state of the court nobles, or the more relaxed eboshi—though at this time, they were no doubt closely related. In fact, a year later, we have the most specific mention to-date of what people were actually wearing on their heads: there is a mention of men tying up their hair and wearing caps of varnished gauze.  Earlier caps related to the cap rank system are often thought to be something like a simple hemisphere  that was placed upon the head, with a bulbous top where the wearer's hair could be pulled up as in a bun. The kanmuri seems to have evolved from the soft black headcloth that was worn on the continent, which would have tied around the head, leaving two ends hanging down behind.  Hairstyles of the time often meant that men had a small bun or similar gathering of hair towards the back of their head, and tying a cloth around the head gave the effect of a small bump.  This is probably what we see in depictions of the early caps of state.  Sometimes this topknot could be covered with a small crown or other decoration, or wrapped with a cloth, often referred to as a "Tokin" in Japanese.  But over time we see the development of hardened forms to be worn under a hat to provide the appropriate silhouette, whether or not you actually had a topknot (possibly helpful for gentlemen suffering from hair loss).  And then the hat becomes less of a piece of cloth and more just a hat of black, lacquered gauze made on a form, which was much easier to wear.  At this point in the Chronicle, the cap was likely still somewhat malleable, and would made to tie or be pinned to that bun or queue of hair.  This explains the mention of men wearing their hair up.  This pin would become important for several different types of headgear, but ties were also used for those who did not have hair to hold the hat on properly. Two years after the edict on hats, we get another edict on clothing, further suggesting that the court were wearing Tang inspired clothing.  In 685 we see that individuals are given leave to wear their outer robe either open or tied closed. This is a clue that this outer robe might something akin to the round-necked hou that we see in the Tenjukoku Mandala, where the neck seems to close with a small tie or button.  However, we do see some examples, later, of v-necked garments with a tie in the center of the neck, so that may be the reference..  Opening the collar of the formal robes was somewhat akin to loosening a necktie, or unbuttoning the top button of a shirt.  It provided a more relaxed and comfortable feeling.  It could also be a boon in the warm days of summer.  Leaving it closed could create a more formal appearance. The courtiers also had the option of whether or not to wear the "Susotsuki", which Bentley translates as "skirt-band".  I believe this refers to the nai'i, or inner garment.  This would often have a pleated hem—a suso or ran—which would show below the main robe as just a slight hem.  Again, this is something that many would dispense with in the summer, or just when dressing a bit more casually, but it was required at court, as well as making sure that the tassles were tied so that they hung down.  This was the uniform of the court.  We are also told that they would have trousers that could be tied up, which sounds like later sashinuki, though it may have referred to something slightly different.  We are also given some regulations specifically for women, such as the fact that women over 40 years of age were allowed the discretion on whether or not to tie up their hair, as well as whether they would ride horses astride or side-saddle.  Presumably, younger women did not get a choice in the matter.  Female shrine attendants and functionaries were likewise given some leeway with their hairstyles. A year later, in 686, they do seem to have relaxed the hairstyles a bit more: women were allowed to let their hair down to their backs as they had before, so it seems that, for at least a couple of years, women under the age of 40 were expected to wear their hair tied up in one fashion or another. In that same edict, men were then allowed to wear "habakimo".  Aston translates this as "leggings" while Bentley suggests it is a "waist skirt".  There are an example of extant habakimo in the Shousouin, once again, and they appear to be wrappings for the lower leg.  It actually seems very closely related to the "kyahan" depicted all the way back in the 6th century painting of the Wo ambassador to Liang. Even though these edicts give a lot more references to clothing, there is still plenty that is missing.  It isn't like the Chroniclers were giving a red carpet style stitch-by-stitch critique of what was being worn at court.  Fortunately, there is a rather remarkable archaeological discovery from about this time. Takamatsuzuka is a kofun, or ancient burial mound, found in Asuka and dated to the late 7th or early 8th century.  Compared to the keyhole shaped tombs of previous centuries, this tomb is quite simple: a two-tiered circular tomb nestled in the quiet hills.  What makes it remarkable is that the inside of the stone burial chamber was elaborately painted.  There are depictions of the four guardian animals, as well as the sun and the moon, as well as common constellations.  More importantly, though, are the intricate pictures of men and women dressed in elaborate clothing. The burial chamber of Takamatsuzuka is rectangular in shape.  There are images on the four vertical sides as well as on the ceiling.  The chamber is oriented north-south, with genbu, the black tortoise, on the north wall and presumably Suzaku, the vermillion bird, on the south wall—though that had been broken at some point and it is hard to make out exactly what is there. The east and west walls are about three times as long as the north and south walls.  In the center of each is a guardian animal—byakko, the white tiger, on the west wall and seiryuu, the blue—or green—dragon on the east.  All of these images are faded, and since opening of the tomb have faded even more, so while photos can help, it may require a bit more investigation and some extrapolation to understand all of what we are looking at. On the northern side of both the east and west wall we see groups of four women.  We can make out green, yellow, and red or vermillion outer robes with thin fabric belt sashes, or obi, tied loosely and low around the waist.  There is another, lightly colored—possibly white, cream or pink—that is so faded it is hard to make out, and I don't know if that is the original color.  These are v-necked robes, with what appear to be ties at the bottom of the "v".  Around the belt-sash we see a strip of white peaking out from between the two sides of the robe—most likely showing the lining on an edge that has turned back slightly.  The cuffs of the robe are folded back, showing a contrasting color—either the sleeves of an underrobe or a lining of some kind.  Below the outer robe is a white, pleated hem—possibly a hirami or similar, though where we can make it out, it seems to be the same or similar color as the sleeves.  Under all of that, they then have a relatively simple mo, or pleated skirt.  The ones in the foreground are vertically striped in alternating white, green, red, and blue stripes.  There is one that may just be red and blue stripes, but I'm not sure.  In the background we see a dark blue—and possibly a dark green—mo.  At the base of each mo is a pleated fringe that appears to be connected to the bottom of the skirt.  The toe of a shoe seems to peek out from underneath in at least one instance.  They don't have any obvious hair ornaments, and their hair appears to be swept back and tied in such a way that it actually comes back up in the back, slightly.  They appear to be holding fans and something that might be a fly swatter—a pole with what looks like tassels on the end. In comparison, at the southern end of the tomb we have two groups of men.  These are much more damaged and harder to make out clearly.  They have robes of green, yellow, grey, blue, and what looks like dark blue, purple, or even black.  The neckline appears to be a v-necked, but tied closed, similar to what we see on the women.  We also see a contrasting color at the cuff, where it looks like the sleeves have turned back, slightly.  They have belt-sashes similar to the women, made of contrasting fabric to the robe itself.  Below that we see white trousers, or hakama, and shallow, black shoes.  On some of the others it is suggested that maybe they have a kind of woven sandal, but that is hard to make out in the current image.  On their heads are hats or headgear of black, stiffened—probably lacquered—gauze.  They have a bump in the back, which is probably the wearer's hair, and there is evidence of small ties on top and larger ties in the back, hanging down.  Some interpretations also show a couple with chin straps, as well, or at least a black cord that goes down to the chin.  They carry a variety of implements, suggesting they are attendants, with an umbrella, a folding chair, a pouch worn around the neck, a pole or cane of some kind, and a bag with some kind of long thing—possibly a sword or similar. The tomb was originally found by farmers in 1962, but wasn't fully examined until 1970, with an excavation starting in 1972.  The stone at the entryway was broken, probably from graverobbers, who are thought to have looted the tomb in the Kamakura period.  Fortunately, along with the bones of the deceased and a few scattered grave goods that the robbers must have missed, the murals also survived, and somehow they remained largely intact through the centuries.  They have not been entirely safe, and many of the images are damaged or faded, but you can still make out a remarkable amount of detail, which is extremely helpful in determining what clothing might have looked like at this time—assuming it is depicting local individuals. And there is the rub, since we don't know exactly whom the tomb was for.  Furthermore, in style it has been compared with Goguryeo tombs from the peninsula, much as nearby Kitora kofun is.  Kitora had images as well, but just of the guardian animals and the constellations, not of human figures. There are three theories as to who might have been buried at Takamatsuzuka.  One theory is that it was one of Ohoama's sons.  Prince Osakabe is one theory, based on the time of his death and his age.  Others have suggested Prince Takechi.  Based on the teeth of the deceased, they were probably in their 40s to 60s when they passed away. Some scholars believe that it may be a later, Nara period vassal—possibly, Isonokami no Maro.  That would certainly place it later than the Asuka period. The third theory is that it is the tomb of a member of one of the royal families from the Korean peninsula—possibly someone who had taken up refuge in the archipelago as Silla came to dominate the entire peninsula.  This last theory matches with the fact that Takamatsuzuka appears to be similar to tombs found in Goguryeo, though that could just have to do with where the tomb builders were coming from, or what they had learned. That does bring up the question of the figures in the tomb.  Were they contemporary figures, indicating people and dress of the court at the time, or were they meant to depict people from the continent?  Without any other examples, we may never know, but even if was indicative of continental styles, those were the very styles that Yamato was importing, so it may not matter, in the long run.     One other garment that isn't mentioned here is the hire, a scarf that is typically associated with women.  It is unclear if it has any relationship to the sashes we see in the Kofun period, though there is at least one mention of a woman with a hire during one of the campaigns on the Korean peninsula.  Later we see it depicted as a fairly gauzy piece of silk, that is worn somewhat like a shawl.  It is ubiquitous in Sui and Tang paintings of women, indicating a wide-ranging fashion trend.  The hire is a fairly simple piece of clothing, and yet it creates a very distinctive look which we certainly see, later. Finally, I want to take a moment to acknowledge that almost everything we have discussed here has to do with the elites of society—the nobles of the court.  For most people, working the land, we can assume that they were probably not immediately adopting the latest continental fashions, and they probably weren't dressing in silk very much.  Instead, it is likely that they continued to wear some version of the same outfits we see in the haniwa figures of the kofun period.  This goes along with the fact that even as the elite are moving into palaces built to stand well above the ground, we still have evidence of common people building and living in pit dwellings, as they had been for centuries.  This would eventually change, but overall they stuck around for quite some time.  However, farmers and common people are often ignored by various sources—they aren't often written about, they often aren't shown in paintings or statues, and they did often not get specialized burials.  Nonetheless, they were the most populous group in the archipelago, supporting all of the rest. And with that, I think we will stop for now.  Still plenty more to cover this reign.  We are definitely into the more historical period, where we have more faith in the dates—though we should remember that this is also one of the reigns that our sources were specifically designed to prop up, so we can't necessarily take everything without at least a hint of salt and speculation, even if the dates themselves are more likely to be accurate. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

The HPV3 boys (Nathan, Chris, and Jake) get together for a scary-ood time with their favorite Halloween candy to watch some horror-themed tokusatsu episodes. SEE...Ultraman Tiga battle an alien who disguises himself as a witch and flies through space in a ship that looks like a jack-o-lantern. THRILL...as he Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers battle a squad of monsters in Hell, er, the Haunted Forest! SCREAM...as the Pink Ohranger returns to her school to search for a lost friend and battles a mad rain machine! (And who knows...something scarier than these might show up...like a pair of skeletal supervillains…). Watch the original YouTube livestream: https://youtube.com/live/mblABLzl-3Q?feature=share Livestream clip: https://youtu.be/afciluUfYu4 New discussion episodes are coming! Podcast Socials:                 Twitter/X: @HenshinPowerV3 The Markalite Lounge (official Facebook group) The Markalite Lounger (official Discord server) Power Rangers Legacy (Power Trip Facebook group) YouTube Channel: @HenshinPowerV3 Nathan's Linktree: https://linktr.ee/nathan_marchand

Chico Pinheiro y Romero Lubambo, dos guitarristas brasileños de distintas generaciones, con su disco 'Two brothers' que contiene grabaciones a dúo de 'Waltz for Debby' de Bill Evans, 'Wave' y 'Red blouse' de Jobim, 'Send one your love' de Stevie Wonder o 'For no one' de Paul McCartney. Del trompetista y cantante japonés Toku, de su disco 'Toku in Paris', las canciones 'Strollin´in Paris', 'I think I love you', 'She comes back again' y 'I will wait for you -con la voz de Sarah Lancman-. Y Mônica Salmaso y André Mehamari, voz y piano, en su disco 'Milton' con 'Canção amiga', 'Paula e Bebeto' y 'Milagre dos peixes'.Escuchar audio

Max Kalyuzhnyi, Head of Operations at Everclear Foundation, shares his journey from Big4 audit to web3 finance. We cover token migrations, fundraising, vibe-coding, and the tools he uses for web3 ops, from Toku & Sablier to Integral, Rain, and Dakota.✅ OUR RESOURCES

Jak se vyvíjí jednání o ministerských postech ve vznikající vládě Andreje Babiše? Jak dopadly volby v Sýrii? Podaří se udržet v zemi klid zbraní po nedávných střetech vládních vojáků a Kurdů? A jak si Izrael připomíná dva roky od teroristického útoku hnutí Hamás na Izrael?Všechny díly podcastu Hlavní zprávy - rozhovory a komentáře můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

I had the great opportunity to preview TOKUSA Studios' latest project Nebulon: Knight of Justice. In today's episode, we'll review it as well as interview the creators of the comic James and Hunter. Special thanks to both James and Hunter for the sneak peek and for coming onto the podcast. You can check out their Kickstarter for Nebulon HERE!TOKUSA Studios on X: @TokUSA_StudiosBLUESKY: @tokusastudios.bsky.social‬Like what you're hearing? Make sure to follow the podcast on your podcast provider and follow us on Bluesky and Twitter! Make sure to leave a rating and review to help us improve.Bluesky: ⁠⁠@thatothertokupod.bsky.social⁠⁠That Other Toku Podcast: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/ThatToku⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Proto_Sonic: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/Proto_Sonic720⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Krownlessking: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/KrownlesskingOP⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Twitch: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.twitch.tv/proto_sonic⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.twitch.tv/thenomoreheroe⁠⁠

  Derek, Tony and Justin discuss the feature film Godzilla 1985 on its 40th Anniversary!

PART 2: Hello, Kaiju Lovers! In this, the penultimate episode of the “Monster Island World Tour,” Nate is joined by MIFV staple (and Jessica's "bestie"), Becky “Bex” Smith, but this time, she brings her “husbando,” Encyclo, along! They discuss arguably the best (or at least most iconic) British kaiju film, Gorgo, the last of the 1961 European kaiju movies. Why? To pay off a joke that goes all the way back to episode 18! This is the third Eugene Lourie monster film Nate has discussed on the show, so he may have to bent the podcast's purview to include the fourth and final one. Bex is full of hot takes about the monster suit and special effects, while Nate argues this has the first ever "Kenny" in a kaiju film. That's just a taste of what they discuss! Since this film takes place partly in Ireland and there are tensions between Ireland and England, the Toku Topic is Anglo-Irish relations. “Jimmy's Notes” on this episode COMING SOON! Full show notes, including the bibliography of sources, will be published on the MIFV website Wednesday, August 13, 2025. Check out Nathan's spinoff podcasts, The Henshin Men and The Power Trip, and Henshin Power V3! We'd like to give a shout-out to our MIFV MAX patrons Danny DiManna (author/creator of the Godzilla Novelization Project); Damon Noyes, The Cel Cast, TofuFury, Eric Anderson of Nerd Chapel, Wynja the Ninja, Christopher Riner, The Indiscrite One, Eli Harris, Jake Hambrick, Matt Walsh (but not that Matt Walsh), Jonathan Courtright, Leon Campbell, Michael Watson, Sam Allred, and Devin Torrence! Thanks for your support! You, too, can join MIFV MAX on Patreon to get this and other perks starting at only $3 a month! (https://www.patreon.com/monsterislandfilmvault) Buy official MIFV merch on TeePublic! (https://www.teepublic.com/user/the-monster-island-gift-shop). NEW MERCH NOW AVAILABLE! This episode is approved by the Monster Island Board of Directors. Timestamps: Podcast Ad – Henshin Power V3: 0:00-2:13 Toku Topic – A Brief History of Anglo-Irish Relations: 2:13-39:01 Outro (housekeeping, etc.): 39:01-55:21 Credits: 55:21-end Podcast Social Media: MIFV Linktree: https://linktr.ee/monsterislandfilmvault Nate's Linktree: https://linktr.ee/nathan_marchand MIFV is a member of PodNation (https://podnation.tv/) MIFV is one of Feedspot's top 10 tokusatsu podcasts! (https://blog.feedspot.com/tokusatsu_podcasts/) MIFV is one of Feedspot's top 20 monster podcasts! (https://podcasts.feedspot.com/monster_podcasts/) www.MonsterIslandFilmVault.com #JimmyFromNASALives       #MonsterIslandFilmVault    #Gorgo            #MonsterIslandWorldTour     #kaiju  #Britain           #England            #UnitedKingdom © 2025 Moonlighting Ninjas Media

PART 1: Hello, Kaiju Lovers! In this, the penultimate episode of the “Monster Island World Tour,” Nate is joined by MIFV staple (and Jessica's "bestie"), Becky “Bex” Smith, but this time, she brings her “husbando,” Encyclo, along! They discuss arguably the best (or at least most iconic) British kaiju film, Gorgo, the last of the 1961 European kaiju movies. Why? To pay off a joke that goes all the way back to episode 18! This is the third Eugene Lourie monster film Nate has discussed on the show, so he may have to bent the podcast's purview to include the fourth and final one. Bex is full of hot takes about the monster suit and special effects, while Nate argues this has the first ever "Kenny" in a kaiju film. That's just a taste of what they discuss! Since this film takes place partly in Ireland and there are tensions between Ireland and England, the Toku Topic is Anglo-Irish relations. “Jimmy's Notes” on this episode COMING SOON! Full show notes, including the bibliography of sources, will be published on the MIFV website Wednesday, August 13, 2025. Check out Nathan's spinoff podcasts, The Henshin Men and The Power Trip, and Henshin Power V3! We'd like to give a shout-out to our MIFV MAX patrons Danny DiManna (author/creator of the Godzilla Novelization Project); Damon Noyes, The Cel Cast, TofuFury, Eric Anderson of Nerd Chapel, Wynja the Ninja, Christopher Riner, The Indiscrite One, Eli Harris, Jake Hambrick, Matt Walsh (but not that Matt Walsh), Jonathan Courtright, Leon Campbell, Michael Watson, Sam Allred, and Devin Torrence! Thanks for your support! You, too, can join MIFV MAX on Patreon to get this and other perks starting at only $3 a month! (https://www.patreon.com/monsterislandfilmvault) Buy official MIFV merch on TeePublic! (https://www.teepublic.com/user/the-monster-island-gift-shop). NEW MERCH NOW AVAILABLE! This episode is approved by the Monster Island Board of Directors. Timestamps: Introduction: 0:00-27:06 Entertaining Info Dump: 27:06-36:22 Toku Talk (main discussion): 36:22-2:33:20 Podcast Social Media: MIFV Linktree: https://linktr.ee/monsterislandfilmvault Nate's Linktree: https://linktr.ee/nathan_marchand MIFV is a member of PodNation (https://podnation.tv/) MIFV is one of Feedspot's top 10 tokusatsu podcasts! (https://blog.feedspot.com/tokusatsu_podcasts/) MIFV is one of Feedspot's top 20 monster podcasts! (https://podcasts.feedspot.com/monster_podcasts/) www.MonsterIslandFilmVault.com #JimmyFromNASALives       #MonsterIslandFilmVault    #Gorgo            #MonsterIslandWorldTour     #kaiju  #Britain           #England            #UnitedKingdom © 2025 Moonlighting Ninjas Media

For questions, comments or to get involved, e-mail us at audibleanarchist(at)gmail.com The text can be read at https://libcom.org/article/change-my-thinking-kotoku-shusui The 1907 article by Kōtoku Shūsui that launched an anarchist tendency among members and allies of the first Japan Socialist Party, translated into English. The classic article by Kōtoku Shūsui that launched the anarchist movement in Japan. In The Change in My Thinking, Kōtoku, one of Japan's foremost socialists in the late Meiji period, laid out the reasons for his move toward anarchism, his insistence that "direct action" is the only way to truly realize a social revolution, and his plea for his socialist comrades to re-consider their strategy of prioritizing parliamentary power.

V Banské Bystrici pokračuje soud s Jurajem Cintulou, mužem obžalovaným z toho, že v roce 2024 zaútočil na premiéra Roberta Fica. V rámci projednávání se slovenská veřejnost poprvé blíže seznámila s detaily o zdravotním stavu předsedy vlády po útoku v Handlové. „To, jaký má zdravotní stav, je částečně vidět z jeho veřejných vystoupení. Ale veřejnost by měla vědět, jestli je schopný vykonávat příslušnou ústavní funkci,“ říká slovenský soudní lékař a advokát Peter Kováč.Všechny díly podcastu Interview Plus můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Things are heat up (or cooling down) in this next batch of The Inazuma Challange as we go over episodes 30-32 of the Inazuma Eleven anime. Click here to download episode (Right-click and Save As) Your browser does not support this audio Click to read more »

  Justin and Derek are back to talking the live-action tokusatsu series Android Kikaider! 

Ohrožuje stárnutí populace včetně zdravotníků dostupnost péče do budoucna? Nakolik lékařům pomůže umělá inteligence a jaká rizika to přináší? A jak jsou nemocnice připravené na výpadky proudu a digitálních systémů při kybernetických útocích? „Záleží, nemocnice od nemocnice, v jakém rozsahu péče mají zajištěny napojení na náhradní zdroje. Ale klíčové věci jsou zajištěny všude,“ zdůrazňuje Tomáš Zima, přednosta na 1. lékařské fakultě Univerzity Karlovy.Všechny díly podcastu Jak to vidí... můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Ehsan Vaghefi CEO @ Toku Eyes | PhD, Ophthalmic Imaging https://tokueyes.com/Ashburton Eyecare⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/ashburton.eyecare/list.Instagram https://www.instagram.com/ryanoconnornz/  Instagram https://www.instagram.com/stagryan/  Twitter https://twitter.com/stagryan  Tik Tok @ryanstagoconnor  Facebook https://www.facebook.com/WaiKeto/  Blog https://stagryan.com/

#UltramanTaiga #Ultraman #TsuPro #Toei #Tokusatsu #KamenRider #SuperSentai #PowerRangers Ultraman Taiga signaled the start of the Reiwa era of Ultraman shows. A sequel to the Ultraman Taro series, we are met with not just one Ultra but 3 Ultras. Fun show overall and Prime and CJ delve into the show and also talk about news around the Toku fandom.

2+ hours of two toku nerds talking about Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers: The Movie? You got it! Venture with us as we look back at this 30 year old movie.Like what you're hearing? Make sure to follow the podcast on your podcast provider and follow us on Bluesky and Twitter! Make sure to leave a rating and review to help us improve.Bluesky: ⁠@thatothertokupod.bsky.social⁠That Other Toku Podcast: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/ThatToku⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Proto_Sonic: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/Proto_Sonic720⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Krownlessking: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/KrownlesskingOP⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Twitch: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.twitch.tv/proto_sonic⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.twitch.tv/thenomoreheroe⁠⁠

Útočník Oliver Okuliar, ktorý zažil najdlhšiu sezónu spomedzi všetkých slovenských hokejistov, zavítal do podcastu Góly z bufetu, kde v rozhovore s Tomášom Prokopom a Marekom Marušiakom otvorene prehovoril o svojich skúsenostiach z AHL.Stále len 25-ročný útočník sa v uplynulej sezóne dostal s tímom Charlotte Checkers (farmou Floridy Panthers) až do finále AHL, kde so spoluhráčmi podľahli Abbotsfordu Canucks 2:4 na zápasy. V rozhovore Oliver Okuliar úprimne priznáva, že prehru vo finále stále nestrávil.„Dvakrát som bol vo finále a dvakrát som mohol siahnuť na pohár. Keď sa človek obzrie späť, tak ho to štve,” hovorí Oliver Okuliar, ktorý zažil finále aj v českej extralige s Hradcom Králové.V podcaste sa dozviete aj detaily o jeho ceste v AHL, kde začínal na pozícii štvrtého centra, hoci prirodzene hráva na krídle, a postupne sa vypracoval až na pozíciu druhého útočníka. Zaujímavé je aj porovnanie AHL s európskymi súťažami, či jeho nečakané prirovnanie k Bradovi Marchandovi.Talentovaný Slovák sa otvorene vyjadril aj k svojmu aktuálnemu prestupu do švédskeho klubu Skelleftea AIK, olympijským ambíciám a tiež prehovoril o drafte NHL v súvislosti s mladými slovenskými hokejistami.V exkluzívnom rozhovore sa dozviete aj to, ako vnímal hokejové „dozrievanie” v Amerike, rozhovoril sa o náročnom cestovaní v AHL, a dokonca prezradil aj to, že by mu vôbec neprekážalo hrať hokej celý rok v štýle futbalovej Premier League.

Každý den tuny triček za pár korun, které pak končí na skládkách v Africe i Asii a v producentských státech způsobují nedozírné ekologické škody. Proti takzvané fast-fashion, masově vyráběné levné módě, chce teď zakročit Francie. Tamní Senát schválil zákon, který na každý kus takového oblečení uvaluje speciální přirážku a zakazuje i reklamu na něj. Bude se levné a nekvalitní oblečení regulovat na úrovni Evropské unie, tedy včetně Česka?Hostka: Valentina Podlesná - redaktorka webu EkonewsČlánek a další informace najdete na webu Seznam Zprávy.Sledujte nás na sociálních sítích X, Instagram, Threads nebo Bluesky. Náměty a připomínky nám můžete psát na e-mail zaminutusest@sz.cz

V noci ze soboty na neděli zaútočily Spojené státy na jaderný program Íránu. Použily 14 bomb, kterými disponují jako jediné na světě a které jsou určené k průniku do hluboce ukrytých objektů, jako stál v íránském Fordo. „V některých případech lze situaci řešit jenom vojensky. Ozbrojená akce často vede k obnovení šancí na diplomatické řešení,“ je přesvědčený v pořadu Osobnost Plus bývalý velvyslanec v Izraeli a Spojených státech Michael Žantovský.

Nepokoje Izraelem a Íránem pokračují i tento týden. Izraelská armáda podle ministra obrany Kace útočí na cíle spojené s íránským režimem a vládou v centru Teheránu s bezprecedentní silou, Írán dopoledne odpálil několik raket nazpět. O víkendu se navíc do konfliktu i přes původní zdrženlivost prezidenta Donalda Trumpa přímo zapojily i Spojené státy, které v noci na neděli zaútočily na tři íránská jaderná zařízení. K jakým škodám došlo doposud není jasné. USA i státy Evropské unie nicméně nyní vyzývají Írán k míru a návratu k jednacímu stolu. Je to ale po útoku vůbec možné? Proč se Spojené státy do konfliktu zapojily zrovna teď? A je cílem pád íránského režimu? I na to ve Výtahu Respektu odpovídá Jiří Sobota.

Here's a quick update for everyone. Very unabridged, but we will be returning very soon. Catch you all for episode 64.

V noci ze soboty na neděli zaútočily Spojené státy na jaderný program Íránu. Použily 14 bomb, kterými disponují jako jediné na světě a které jsou určené k průniku do hluboce ukrytých objektů, jako stál v íránském Fordo. „V některých případech lze situaci řešit jenom vojensky. Ozbrojená akce často vede k obnovení šancí na diplomatické řešení,“ je přesvědčený v pořadu Osobnost Plus bývalý velvyslanec v Izraeli a Spojených státech Michael Žantovský.Všechny díly podcastu Osobnost Plus můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

We're not saying it's aliens, but it's aliens. We begin the next major arc of Inazuma Eleven as we go over episodes 27-29 of the Inazuma Eleven anime. Click here to download episode (Right-click and Save As) Your browser does not support this audio Click to read more »

Ukrajinský dronový útok na ruská letiště v týlu je bolestný a způsobil nenahraditelné škody, řekl v podcastu Novinek Zbytečná válka analytik Milan Mikulecký. Srovnání s Pearl Harborem však kulhá. Nešlo ani o první podobný útok malým dronem na letadlo na letišti v zápolí. Mikulecký se věnoval i novému ruskému požadavku, aby Ukrajina byla bezjaderná.

Ukrajina v neděli podnikla nálet dronů na základny letadel v hloubi ruského území. Podle prezidenta Volodymyra Zelenského bezpilotní letouny zasáhly 34 procent ruských strategických bombardérů. „To je tak velká věc, že Rusko ztratilo třetinu flotily bombardérů, že se divím, jak to nechává lidi v klidu,“ říká v pořadu Dvacet minut Radiožurnálu Jakub Landovský, bývalý velvyslanec Česka při NATO a výkonný ředitel Aspen Institute Central Europe.

Ukrajina v neděli podnikla nálet dronů na základny letadel v hloubi ruského území. Podle prezidenta Volodymyra Zelenského bezpilotní letouny zasáhly 34 procent ruských strategických bombardérů. „To je tak velká věc, že Rusko ztratilo třetinu flotily bombardérů, že se divím, jak to nechává lidi v klidu,“ říká v pořadu Dvacet minut Radiožurnálu Jakub Landovský, bývalý velvyslanec Česka při NATO a výkonný ředitel Aspen Institute Central Europe.

Ukrajina v neděli podnikla nálet dronů na základny letadel v hloubi ruského území. Podle prezidenta Volodymyra Zelenského bezpilotní letouny zasáhly 34 procent ruských strategických bombardérů. „To je tak velká věc, že Rusko ztratilo třetinu flotily bombardérů, že se divím, jak to nechává lidi v klidu,“ říká v pořadu Dvacet minut Radiožurnálu Jakub Landovský, bývalý velvyslanec Česka při NATO a výkonný ředitel Aspen Institute Central Europe.Všechny díly podcastu Dvacet minut Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Vrbětice: ruská operace, která změnila Česko. Tak se jmenuje nová kniha investigativního novináře Jaroslava Spurného, která nejen mapuje známá fakta ohledně největšího teroristického útoku v dějinách Česka, ale přináší i nové a nečekané souvislosti.Podcast Kecy a politika věnoval celé kauze před čtyřmi roky první dvě epizody. Byly založeny na kritice postojů tehdejšího prezidenta Miloše Zemana, který se – z tehdejšího a hlavně z dnešního pohledu – mýlil téměř ve všem.Autor knihy vychází ze zprávy Národní centrály boje proti organizovanému zločinu, která detailně popisuje všechny okolnosti předcházející výbuchu muničního skladu ve Vrběticích, jehož výsledkem byli dva mrtví a evakuované okolní vesnice.Přestože k celé události došlo už v roce 2014, zlom ve vyšetřování nastal až o čtyři roky později, kdy se dva ruští agenti pokusili ve Velké Británii zavraždit agenta Skripala a jeho dceru Julii. Následně došlo k prozrazení obou tváří a český vyšetřovatel si je ztotožnil s lidmi, kteří se v roce 2014 motali kolem Vrbětic.O těchto a dalších souvislostech nový speciál podcastu Kecy a politika.

Join host Paul Spain and Francesca Logan (Toku Eyes) and discover how Toku Eyes is using retinal photography and AI to detect and predict a range of health conditions. They also discuss tech news including a Wellington man's alleged $450 million crypto scam, Spark's partnership with Nokia for network efficiency, China's space-based supercomputer project, groundbreaking gene therapy success, Amazon's new warehouse robot, Elton John's criticism of AI copyright policy and more.Special thanks to our show partners 2degrees, One New Zealand, Spark New Zealand, HP, Workday and Gorilla Technology.

Byrd, Tom, Kevin and Trev discuss a trio of tokusatsu superhero films from acclaimed director Takashi Miike (Great Yokai War, Ultraman Max, Audition, Ichi the Killer).  First we have 2004's Zebraman, a parody of Japanese superhero shows that sees a father in a mid life crisis take up the mantle of the titular character to fight crime and fend off an alien invasion.  We then move onto 2010's gonzo sequel set in a dystopian future where Zebraman must face off against a power hungry pop singer.  We cap things off by discussing his 2009 adaptation of the popular anime series Yatterman, about a pair of superheroes and their giant robot dog who thwart the evil plans of the Donboro gang.  But first, Byrd reviews the recent official Godzilla Pop Up Book from Simon and Schuster Publishing.  Relax and join the discussion!

Visoki predstavnik Christian Schmidt predstavio izvještaj o stanju u Bosni i Hercegovini. SIPA dostavila izvještaj Tužilaštvu BiH o pokušaju hapšenja Dodika, a protiv pripadnika državne policije SIPA-e zbog pokušaja privođenja Dodika krivična prijava u RS-u. Friedrich Merz novi njemački kancelar.

The Shred is a weekly roundup of what's making headlines in the world of employment. The Shred is brought to you today by Jobcase.

En esta entrevista El Economista conversa con Francisca Noguera, Co-Founder y VP de Ventas México de Toku, la plataforma que automatiza la recaudación de pagos para empresas en Latinoamérica.Durante la charla, exploramos el estado actual del ecosistema de pagos digitales en México, los principales retos que enfrentan las empresas al gestionar su cobranza y cómo Toku está ayudando a resolver estos desafíos con tecnología y soluciones personalizadas.Además, hablamos del impacto que tiene la optimización de la recaudación en la rentabilidad de las empresas.No te pierdas esta entrevista llena de insights sobre el futuro de los pagos digitales y el papel clave que Toku está desempeñando en la transformación del sector.#Toku #PagosDigitales #Fintech #Recaudación #México #ElEconomista #FranciscaNoguera #TransformaciónDigital

We have made it to the finals of the nationals. Will Raimon be victorious or will the gods prove to be too much for them? All that and a peek into the next arc on this new edition of The Inazuma Challenge. Click here to download episode (Right-click and Save As) Your browser does not support this audio Click to read more »

In this episode of Geek Freaks Interview, I'm joined by comic creator Kyle Higgins, the visionary behind Radiant Black and the ever-expanding Massive-Verse. Kyle dives into how he built a creator-owned superhero universe at Image Comics and walks us through the evolution of Radiant Black, the challenges of dual timelines in Catalyst War, and the collaborative process behind Rogue Sun, The Dead Lucky, and Inferno Girl Red. We also talk about the audio book, animated promos, and his thoughts on live-action vs. animation adaptations. Whether you're new to the Massive-Verse or a longtime fan, this conversation is a deep look into one of comics' most ambitious storytelling worlds. Timestamps and Topics: 00:00 Intro and welcome to Kyle Higgins 00:26 What is the Massive-Verse? 01:16 Radiant Black and its millennial superhero tone 03:34 The structure and accessibility of the Massive-Verse 05:07 Audiobook updates and voice talent reveals 06:59 Animated promos and creative marketing 08:03 The origin of Radiant Black and its influences 11:14 How Power Rangers and Toku storytelling shaped the series 14:15 Managing canon and creative direction in a multi-title universe 15:50 Writing dual timelines for Catalyst War 19:14 How the fan vote shaped the story's direction 24:06 The "Rebuild Era" and aftermath world-building 27:33 Proliferation of 001 tech and rising threats 30:19 Rogue Sun's new direction and layered family dynamics 33:37 Appreciation for the design and narrative tone of Rogue Sun 34:10 Live-action vs. animation: which is best for Radiant Black? 36:44 Navigating rights, control, and studio offers 40:28 Where to find the comics and meetups with the team Key Takeaways: The Massive-Verse is a creator-owned, shared superhero universe with interconnected titles that can also stand alone. Radiant Black explores modern adulthood and friendship through a fresh superhero lens, inspired by Power Rangers and 90s nostalgia. The dual timeline storytelling in Catalyst War was one of the hardest yet most rewarding challenges of Kyle's career. The team is exploring creative and immersive ways to promote the comics, including animated promos and an audiobook with a star-studded voice cast. Live-action adaptations are possible, but only if the creators are in full control of the production. The new "Rebuild Era" reflects the consequences of superhero battles and explores what comes after the big events—something rarely addressed in comics. Rogue Sun is shifting its spotlight with a new lead character, deepening its themes of family and legacy. Quotes: “I want this to be a superhero book that celebrates being a fan of superheroes.” – Kyle Higgins “You're either a Nathan or a Marshall... and you have a friend that's the other one.” – Frank “Animation's great. But if we're doing an adaptation, we want full control. No compromises.” – Kyle Higgins Call to Action: Enjoyed the episode? Don't forget to subscribe, leave a 5-star review, and share the episode with fellow comic book fans using #GeekFreaksInterview. It really helps more listeners find the show! Links and Resources: Visit https://GeekFreaksPodcast.com for the latest comic book news, episodes, and show updates. Follow Kyle Higgins and the Massive-Verse team on social media for con appearances and release updates. Grab Radiant Black TODAY Follow Us:

This week's Espresso covers news from Finaktiva, Smart Compass, Mombak, and more!Outline of this episode:[00:30] – Kavak raises $127M in down round, drops valuation to $2.2B[00:43] – Onfly raises $40M Series B to expand corporate travel platform[00:56] – Altis raises $2.6M in equity and debt[01:05] – Toku raises $48M Series A extension to expand payments platform[01:16] – AdmiralONE raises $462K and acquires two startups[01:31] – Banorte acquires RappiCard in $50M deal[01:39] – ActiveCampaign acquires Mexican WhatsApp automation startup HilosResources & people mentioned:Startups: Kavak, Onfly, Altis, Toku, AdmiralONE, Grupo Financiero Banorte, RappiCard, ActiveCampaign, Hilos, VCs: SoftBank, General Atlantic, Goldman Sachs, HSBC, Tidemark, Magma Partners, Latitud, Oak HC/FT

Wybraliśmy dla państwa fragmenty przedwyborczego programu "Kampania w TOKu", w którym każdej soboty na tapet bierzemy jedną z kandydatur na fotel w Belwederze. Wczoraj przyglądaliśmy się jednej z dwóch kobiet walczących o prezydenturę, czyli Magdalenie Biejat.

We have another trio of episodes for you on the Ass Backwards Anime Podcast as we continue to take the Inazuma Challenge. We are now in the penultimate batch of episodes covering the national tournament as we talk about episode 20-22 of the Inazuma Eleven anime. Click here to download episode (Right-click and Save As) Your browser does not support this audio Click to read more »

Turns out that death cannot stop you from flying to Japan to play soccer. On this episode of the Inazuma Challenge, we see some new additions to the team as we cover episodes 17-19 of the Inazuma Eleven anime. Click here to download episode (Right-click and Save As) Your browser does not support this audio Click to read more »

A bioengineer's life-changing journey Ehsan Vaghefi from growing up with a blind father to leading groundbreaking healthcare innovation. Driven by personal experience, relentless ambition, and a willingness to learn, he left academia to build a transformative startup. Read about his defining moments, challenges, and what it takes to turn research into real-world impact.00:09- About Ehsan VaghefiEhsan Vaghefi is the founder and CEO of Toku, a health technology company leveraging AI and retinal imaging to transform every eye exam into a comprehensive health check 

  Derek and Justin talk the feature film Terror of Mechagodzilla on its 50th Anniversary!

The Inazuma Challenge continues as we now enter the National tournament. We deal with awkward friendships and ninjas in this batch of Inazuma Eleven as we talk about episodes 14-16. Click here to download episode (Right-click and Save As) Your browser does not support this audio Click to read more »

1. Na výročie invázie na Ukrajine by sme sa mali za koalíciu hanbiť 2. Z Nemecka prišlo viac dobrých než zlých správ 3. Ficova voľnočasová zahraničná politika na štyri svetové strany

  Justin and Derek are back to talking the live-action tokusatsu series Android Kikaider! 

In today's episode Dan from CMS and Ro from Hack join us to explore what's truly different about this crypto cycle and what patterns are destined to repeat. We examined the notable absence of credit markets compared to previous cycles and investigated why leverage hasn't built up in the system this time around. We unpacked the evolving L1 landscape, debated token distribution models, and analyzed the return of "hot money" flowing through various sectors from memecoins to NFTs. We closed out by diving into institutional perspectives on market structure and potential risks, providing listeners with a comprehensive framework for building their crypto portfolio strategy for 2025. Thanks for tuning in! - - Start your day with crypto news, analysis and data from Katherine Ross and David Canellis. Subscribe to the Empire newsletter: https://blockworks.co/newsletter/empire?utm_source=podcasts Follow Ro: https://x.com/roshunpatel Follow Dan: https://x.com/cmsholdings Follow Jason: https://twitter.com/JasonYanowitz Follow Santiago: https://twitter.com/santiagoroel Follow Empire: https://twitter.com/theempirepod Subscribe on YouTube: https://tinyurl.com/4fdhhb2j Subscribe on Apple: https://tinyurl.com/mv4frfv7ww Subscribe on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/wbaypprw Get top market insights and the latest in crypto news. Subscribe to Blockworks Daily Newsletter: https://blockworks.co/newsletter/ - - Explore the SKALE Ecosystem at skale.space/ecosystem and stay up to date with the gas-free blockchain on X at @skalenetwork - - It's time for an on chain Binance to emerge. Magic Eden is getting into token trading and their vision is to become on chain Binance and then much more as the entire world ends up moving on chain - - Toku simplifies every part of global token compensation — everything from paying full time employees in stablecoins, issuing token grants to your team and investors, all in 100 countries on one platform. Talk to Toku today at: https://www.toku.com/ - - Ledger, the world leader in digital asset security, proudly sponsors Empire podcast. Celebrating 10 years of protecting over 20% of the world's crypto, Ledger ensures the security of your assets. For the best self-custody solution in the space, buy a LEDGER™ device and secure your crypto today. Buy now at Ledger.com - - Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 01:57  Tungsten Cube & Pepe Mural Stor 04:47  Is this Cycle different? 15:20  Biggest Risks in Crypt 22:24  Eth/Btc & Sol/Eth Chart 25:26  New Altcoin 30:28 The L1 Trade 37:25 Skale Ad 38:05 Magic Eden Ad 38:49 Toku Ad 39:39 Ledger Ad 40:24  Death of Crypto Venture 55:14  Crypto's IPO Craze 58:34  A16z/s Monopol 01:05:08  Do Dino Coins Run 01:08:14 Chasing the hot ball 01:10:13  When you Retire - - Disclaimer: Nothing said on Empire is a recommendation to buy or sell securities or tokens. This podcast is for informational purposes only, and any views expressed by anyone on the show are solely our opinions, not financial advice. Santiago, Jason, and our guests may hold positions in the companies, funds, or projects discussed.

In today's episode Rushi from Movement Labs joins us right after their token launch to discuss what actually happens behind the scenes when launching a token in today's market. They cover the realities of working with exchanges, market makers, and dealing with the immense pressure founders face. We explore Movement's vision for bringing Web2 companies into crypto, why the next four years are critical for the industry, and how to grow from 30 million to 100 million real crypto users. Thanks for tuning in! - - Start your day with crypto news, analysis and data from Katherine Ross and David Canellis. Subscribe to the Empire newsletter: https://blockworks.co/newsletter/empire?utm_source=podcasts Follow Rushi: https://x.com/rushimanche Follow Jason: https://twitter.com/JasonYanowitz Follow Santiago: https://twitter.com/santiagoroel Follow Empire: https://twitter.com/theempirepod Subscribe on YouTube: https://tinyurl.com/4fdhhb2j Subscribe on Apple: https://tinyurl.com/mv4frfv7ww Subscribe on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/wbaypprw Get top market insights and the latest in crypto news. Subscribe to Blockworks Daily Newsletter: https://blockworks.co/newsletter/ - - Explore the SKALE Ecosystem at skale.space/ecosystem and stay up to date with the gas-free blockchain on X at @skalenetwork - - It's time for an on chain Binance to emerge. Magic Eden is getting into token trading and their vision is to become on chain Binance and then much more as the entire world ends up moving on chain - - Toku simplifies every part of global token compensation — everything from paying full time employees in stablecoins, issuing token grants to your team and investors, all in 100 countries on one platform. Talk to Toku today at: https://www.toku.com/ - - Ledger, the world leader in digital asset security, proudly sponsors Empire podcast. Celebrating 10 years of protecting over 20% of the world's crypto, Ledger ensures the security of your assets. For the best self-custody solution in the space, buy a LEDGER™ device and secure your crypto today. Buy now at Ledger.com - - Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 02:15  Movement Token Launch 16:07  Behind the Scenes of Token Launch 29:06  Move's Narrative 38:14 Skale Ad 38:53 Magic Eden Ad 39:37 Toku Ad 40:28 Ledger Ad 41:11  How Early is Crypto 49:47 Incentivizing Apps & Ecosystem 01:02:57 Addressing CT - - Disclaimer: Nothing said on Empire is a recommendation to buy or sell securities or tokens. This podcast is for informational purposes only, and any views expressed by anyone on the show are solely our opinions, not financial advice. Santiago, Jason, and our guests may hold positions in the companies, funds, or projects discussed.

In today's episode Qiao joins us to check in on the current stage of the crypto market cycle. Qiao shares why the lack of celebration signals a fundamental shift in market psychology as evidence by the rampant growth of AI and memes. The conversation then explores how BRICS nations may be secretly accumulating Bitcoin ahead of US policy changes, and why March 2024 could mark a local top. Qiao breaks down why AI agents in crypto are primarily a narrative trade for now, and explains how Hyperliquid's unique approach to token launches could reshape the industry. Thanks for tuning in! - - Start your day with crypto news, analysis and data from Katherine Ross and David Canellis. Subscribe to the Empire newsletter: https://blockworks.co/newsletter/empire?utm_source=podcasts Follow Qiao: https://x.com/QwQiao Follow Jason: https://twitter.com/JasonYanowitz Follow Santiago: https://twitter.com/santiagoroel Follow Empire: https://twitter.com/theempirepod Subscribe on YouTube: https://tinyurl.com/4fdhhb2j Subscribe on Apple: https://tinyurl.com/mv4frfv7ww Subscribe on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/wbaypprw Get top market insights and the latest in crypto news. Subscribe to Blockworks Daily Newsletter: https://blockworks.co/newsletter/ - - Explore the SKALE Ecosystem at skale.space/ecosystem and stay up to date with the gas-free blockchain on X at @skalenetwork - - It's time for an on chain Binance to emerge. Magic Eden is getting into token trading and their vision is to become on chain Binance and then much more as the entire world ends up moving on chain - - Toku simplifies every part of global token compensation — everything from paying full time employees in stablecoins, issuing token grants to your team and investors, all in 100 countries on one platform. Talk to Toku today at: https://www.toku.com/ - - Ledger, the world leader in digital asset security, proudly sponsors Empire podcast. Celebrating 10 years of protecting over 20% of the world's crypto, Ledger ensures the security of your assets. For the best self-custody solution in the space, buy a LEDGER™ device and secure your crypto today. Buy now at Ledger.com - - Timestamps: (00:00) Introduction (02:20) ETH's Flows & Return (12:47) Bitcoin Reserve Odds (17:33) Consensus Trade this Cycle (19:52) Everyone is Looking for Tops (26:42) AI Agents (33:52) Skale Ad (34:31) Magic Eden Ad (35:15) Toku Ad (36:05) Ledger Ad (36:48) Airdrop Success (41:15) Best Cities for Crypto Founders (44:08) Where Should Apps Build? (47:30) Flow of Information (52:45) Return of Normies - - Disclaimer: Nothing said on Empire is a recommendation to buy or sell securities or tokens. This podcast is for informational purposes only, and any views expressed by anyone on the show are solely our opinions, not financial advice. Santiago, Jason, and our guests may hold positions in the companies, funds, or projects discussed.