Podcasts about Ludwik

Najstarsze istniejące osiedle mieszkaniowe w Warszawie ufundował Hipolit Wawelberg wraz z żoną Ludwiką. Warszawski finansista i filantrop zrobił to z myślą o niezamożnej, pracującej ludności, dając jej tym samym możliwość poprawy bytu i podwyższenia statusu społecznego. Gościem "Poranka Dwójki" był Andrzej Chybowski - społecznik, varsavianista, pomysłodawca i organizator Festiwalu Hipolita i Ludwiki.

W jakiej kondycji jest budżet państwa? Czy stać nas na większe wydatki (m.in. na zbrojenia i transformację energetyczną) bez konieczności podwyższania podatków? Co może oznaczać dla naszych kieszeni wprowadzenie procedury nadmiernego deficytu przez Unię Europejską? Jakie są szanse na przyspieszenie wzrostu gospodarczego? W jakiej kondycji są polskie firmy? Zapraszamy do posłuchania rozmowy Macieja Danielewicza z Ludwikiem Koteckim z Rady Polityki Pieniężnej

Esperantyzm to nie tylko język, to piękne marzenie o świecie bez wojen, o ogólnoludzkiej wspólnocie, która rozwiązuje swoje problemy na drodze rozmowy, a nie walki. Jeden człowiek - Ludwik Zamenhof - miał tyle siły, żeby nie tylko wymyślić nowy język, ale również stworzyć międzynarodowy ruch ludzi wierzących w jego idee. Dziś w esperanto mówi ok miliona ludzi i jest to największy ze sztucznie wymyślonych języków. Niewiele brakowało, żeby powstało państwo, którego oficjalnym językiem byłoby esperanto.To wszystko zaczęło się w Białymstoku, Zapraszamy na spacer po stolicy Podlasia śladami esperanto i wielu kultur, naszpikowaną ciekawostkami i pokazującą miasto z innej strony niż przewodniki turystyczne!Odcinek jest współfinansowany ze środków miasta Białegostoku.⭕️ ZOSTAŃ NASZYM PATRONEM:https://patronite.pl/dobrapodroz⭕️ LUB POSTAW KAWUSIĘ:https://buycoffee.to/dobrapodroz⭕️ YouTube:Subskrybuj nasz kanał:http://bit.ly/subskrybuj_dobrapodroz⭕️Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/dobra_podroz/

Produkty, które przydadzą się trenerom i dietetykom: ➡️ https://wegnerowie.pl/sklep/ Zapisz się do Gildii Trenerów: ➡️ https://gildiatrenerow.pl Ostrovit - z kodem "Wegnerowie10" masz 10% rabatu na całe zamówienie ➡️ https://ostrovit.comZ aobserwuj mnie na instagramie: ➡️ https://instagram.com/damianwegnerr Profil Ludwika ➡️ https://www.instagram.com/ludwikc Spis treści: 00:00 - Najważniejsze momenty 01:08 - Wprowadzenie 01:28 - Kim jesteś? 02:18 - Z kim pracujesz? 04:58 - Scieżka zawodowa. 06:38 - Programy. 14:31 - Czym jest społeczność hakerzy? 19:46 - Pasja doprowadzi do zarobków? 30:21 - Daily Coaching o 12:34 38:31 - Motywacja. 48:46 - Przykład praktyczny ułożenia dnia. 52:16 - Jak przestać scrollować? 56:41 - Jak ustalać bloki czasowe? 01:00:51 - Wypalenie zawodowe, jak do tego podjeść? 01:06:31 - Czy zarabianie dużo jest złe?

Życiorys miał tak bogaty, że można byłoby obdzielić nim kilka osób i na pewno nie nudziłyby się. Ludwik Rajchman – wybitny polski bakteriolog, humanista, twórca Polskiego Zakładu Higieny. Wymyślił UNICEF. Dlaczego tak wybitna postać nie funkcjonuje w powszechnej świadomości?

I am joined by two lovely friends, Ludwik and Emily, for a chat about their friendship for the past 11 years. Both were students of mine in 2018-19 and had very different experiences in English. They discuss what values they … Continue reading →

Em meio a um cenário político conturbado, Ludwik conhece Janusz em um acampamento agrícola. A amizade, a princípio inocente, logo cede espaço a um romance voraz às escuras. Cercados pela isolada beleza da natureza e livres das restrições sociais, eles se apaixonam. Mas, longe daquele cenário idílico, na repressão da sociedade comunista e católica de Varsóvia, o amor dos dois é mais do que proibido ― é impossível. Do intoxicante primeiro amor até a dor de crescer, Nadando no escuro é uma potente mistura de intrigas políticas pós-guerra e romance. Tomasz Jedrowski criou uma inesquecível e instigante história que explora liberdade e amor em todas as suas formas. Livro: https://amzn.to/3vhxHFQ Twitter e insta: @termineicast

Ludwik Kotecki, ekonomista, członek Rady Polityki Pieniężnej był gościem Pawła Orlikowskiego w "Rozmowie tygodnia" INNPoland, a w niej odniósł się m.in. do wyboru nowego ministra finansów Andrzeja Domańskiego. Ten ma przed sobą trudne zadanie. Projekt budżetu na 2024 rok trzeba było napisać ekspresowo, więc należy spodziewać się jego nowelizacji. – Andrzej Domański nie jest już człowiekiem rynków, tylko politykiem, a to zmienia optykę. Z drugiej strony, co do podwyższonego deficytu, to fakt, ale wiadome było, że muszą się znaleźć pieniądze na obietnice. Co inne jest jednak nawet ważniejsze, bo musimy patrzeć na finanse publiczne, a nie tylko budżet państwa, a w nich zakładany deficyt jest nawet niższy od tegorocznego – powiedział Ludwik Kotecki i dodał, że Andrzej Domański był nawet jego praktykantem, i to dobrym, po zaproponował mu nawet pracę. Był też pytany o premie w NBP, w tym w szczególności tę samoprzyznaną sobie przez prezesa Adama Glapińskiego, a to kwota podwajająca jego zarobki. – Członkowie RPP na szczęście dostają stałe wynagrodzenie i nie dostają nagród. A co do premii przyznanej sobie przez Adama Glapińskiego, to oczywiście tak nie powinno być. Tylko to jest chyba wina jakiegoś historycznego ułożenia tych relacji, być może powinien robić to zarząd bez udziału prezesa – podkreślił Kotecki.

W piątym, ostatnim odcinku podcastu „Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie oczyma Ludwika Sobolewskiego” Szymon Glonek pyta o wpływ polityki na funkcjonowanie giełdy. Ludwik Sobolewski opowiada też o kulisach jego odwołania. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

W czwartym odcinku podcastu z cyklu „Giełda Papierów Wartościowych oczyma prezesa Ludwika Sobolewskiego” w ramach DGPTalk Obiektywnie o biznesie Szymon Glonek pyta o prywatyzację Giełdy. Rozmowa dotyczy też pomysłów na rozwój GPW, czyli szukaniu strategicznego partnera lub budowaniu centrum finansowego w Warszawie. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Fleck, L. (2007). O kryzysie „rzeczywistości”. W Style myślowe i fakty. Artykuły i świadectwa (s. 55–66). Wydawnictwo Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN.Plz na utrzymanie podkastu: https://ko-fi.com/artykulynaukowe

Trzeci odcinek podcastu z cyklu „Giełda Papierów Wartościowych oczyma Ludwika Sobolewskiego” jest głównie poświęcony rynkowi alternatywnemu NewConnect. Szymon Glonek pyta również o inwestycje w giełdę rumuńską oraz o aktywność na rynku ukraińskim. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

W drugim odcinku z cyklu podcastów „Giełda Papierów Wartościowych oczyma prezesa Ludwika Sobolewskiego” w ramach "DGPTalk Obiektywnie o biznesie" Szymon Glonek pyta o plany i pomysły na rozwój Giełdy, jakie Sobolewski miał, obejmując stanowisko prezesa. W podcaście Panowie dużo rozmawiają o umiędzynarodowieniu Giełdy, o debiutach zagranicznych spółek oraz o otwarciu się na wschód, co miało uczynić z GPW jako lidera rynku kapitałowego w Europie Środkowo – Wschodniej. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Szymon Glonek kontynuuje cykl podcastów o Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. Tym razem do rozmowy zaprosił Ludwika Sobolewskiego, prezesa Giełdy w latach 2006 – 2013. W pierwszym podcaście w ramach cyklu „Giełda Papierów Wartościowych oczyma prezesa Ludwika Sobolewskiego” prowadzący pyta o drogę Sobolewskiego do fotelu prezesa. Rozmowa dotyczy doświadczeń inwestorskich prezesa, a także o wydzieleniu z giełdy Krajowego Depozytu Papierów Wartościowych. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

About four years ago Times of London journalist Daniel Finkelstein undertook an effort to tell his parents' stories of survival in WW2 Europe. They met at a Jewish youth club in London in the Spring of 1956. He was twenty-six years old and she was twenty-two. Between them, they had lived in ten countries and survived years of hunger, disease, and the barest of survivals. Daniel's mother Mirjam Wiener was the youngest of three daughters born in Germany to Alfred and Margarete Wiener. Alfred, a decorated hero from the Great War, is now widely acknowledged to have been the first person to recognize the existential danger Hitler posed to the Jews and began, in 1933, to catalogue in detail Nazi crimes. After moving his family to Amsterdam, he relocated his library to London and was preparing to bring over his wife and children when Germany invaded Holland. Before long, the family was rounded up, robbed, humiliated, and sent to Bergen-Belsen. Daniel's father Ludwik was born in Lwow, (now Lviv) the only child of a prosperous Jewish family. In 1939, after Hitler and Stalin carved up Poland, the family was rounded up by the communists and sent to do hard labor in a Siberian gulag. Working as slave laborers on a collective farm, his father survived the freezing winters in a tiny house they built from cow dung. Finkelstein is today's guest and he's here to discuss his new book “Two Roads Home: Hitler, Stalin, and the Miraculous Survival of My Family.” It is both a family story and a larger exploration of how an entire continent came apart.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/3101278/advertisement

Bohater houellebecqowski jest areligijny. Nie ma wobec religii stosunku negatywnego, nie utyskuje na nią, nie kontestuje. Jest genetycznie niezdolny do myślenia w kategoriach nadprzyrodzoności (w najlepszym przypadku traktuje ją jako fenomen estetyczny). Równocześnie, kiedy traci możliwość realizowania się w seksualności, popada w życiową dezorientację, z której droga prowadzi już tylko ku ponurej wegetacji, samobójstwu, szaleństwie lub zbrodni. Być może jest to obraz przerysowany i nijak mający się do kondycji współczesnego człowieka, a może autor na pewien sposób doprowadził "doskonale areligijne" myślenie do jego ostatecznych konsekwencji? Link do tekstu: nlad.pl/houellebecq-i-horror-swiata-bez-boga/

Journalist, author and political commentator, Daniel Finkelstein, joins Simon and Matt to discuss his brilliant new book; 'Hitler, Stalin, Mum and Dad' He talks about his fascinating family history, the stories he was told growing up, how he researched the book and what it means now it's finally out in the world. This is the book Daniel has always wanted to write and hopes one day it might even make it on to the screen. Here comes the science bit... From longstanding political columnist and commentator Daniel Finkelstein, a powerful memoir exploring both his mother and his father's devastating experiences of persecution, resistance and survival during the Second World War. Danny's mother Mirjam Wiener was the youngest of three daughters born in Germany to Alfred and Margarete Wiener. Alfred, a decorated hero from the Great War, is now widely acknowledged to have been the first person to recognise the existential danger Hitler posed to the Jews and began, in 1933, to catalogue in detail Nazi crimes. After moving his family to Amsterdam, he relocated his library to London and was preparing to bring over his wife and children when Germany invaded Holland. Before long, the family was rounded up, robbed, humiliated, and sent to Bergen-Belsen. Danny's father Ludwik was born in Lwow, the only child of a prosperous Jewish family. In 1939, after Hitler and Stalin carved up Poland, the family was rounded up by the communists and sent to do hard labour in a Siberian gulag. Working as slave labourers on a collective farm, his father survived the freezing winters in a tiny house they built from cow dung. Hitler, Stalin, Mum and Dad is a deeply moving, personal and at times horrifying memoir about his parents' experiences at the hands of the two genocidal dictators of the 20th century. It is a story of persecution and survival; and the consequences of totalitarianism told with the almost unimaginable bravery of two ordinary families shining through. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Tomasz Jedrowski est né en 1985, en Allemagne de parents polonais exilés, et a étudié le droit à Cambridge et Paris. « Les Nageurs de la nuit » est son premier roman, traduit et acclamé dans plus de dix pays. Écrivain de langue anglaise, il parle aussi parfaitement le français.  Les nageurs de la nuit est traduit de l'anglais par Laurent Bury."Pologne, 1980. Ludwik et Janusz, étudiants, tombent amoureux autour d'un roman interdit de James Baldwin. Mais à Varsovie, sous le joug d'un Parti soupçonneux, leur relation doit rester clandestine. Alors que Janusz veut rentrer dans le rang du Parti, Ludwik s'insurge contre la politique injuste de son pays. Chacun d'eux se trouve confronté au choix d'une vie : faut-il trahir ou se trahir pour protéger ceux que l'on aime ? Au fil d'une plume élégante, tour à tour sensuelle, mélancolique et inquiétante, Tomasz Jedrowski nous plonge dans une bouleversante éducation sentimentale et politique derrière le Rideau de fer." (Présentation des éditions de La Croisée)

Legion Czechów i Słowaków to ochotnicza formacja wojskowa złożona w sile około 180 żołnierzy, walcząca po polskiej stronie podczas wojny obronnej 1939 w czasie II wojny światowej. Jak została stworzona i jakie były jej losy? Posłuchajcie!

Zapraszam do obejrzenia kolejnego odcinka, którego gościem jest Ludwik C. Siadlak. Razem z Ludwikiem rozmawiamy o koncepcji bycia lifehackerem, życiowej ciekawości, byciem przyjacielem dla samego siebie, motywacji i produktywności. Ludwik jest bardzo ciekawą osobą, która ma bogate doświadczenia, począwszy od szkoleń dla US Marines, skończywszy na tworzeniu jednej z największych społeczności lifehackerów w Polsce. Linki: https://siadlak.com/podcast-damiana

Bulls and bears? Recession? Dollar-cost averaging? Store of value? If you have come across these words/terms before but aren't sure what they really mean then we've got you covered.Our chat with Ludwik van Wyk continues as we talk about a wide range of topics that relate to a recession.We talk about emotions related to buying shares and having discipline through the best and worst times in the markets, to the value in investing in different assets in anticipation of a recession, and what makes commodities (raw materials/primary agricultural products) so attractive when the economy isn't doing so well.The Managing Director at Telos Wealth Capital offers up practical finance tips that everyone can apply to improve their personal finances.Share the love with us on social media by letting us know what you think of the episode by tweeting @EasyEquities or tagging us on the gram.To sign up to EasyEquities: http://bit.ly/2EtcE85DISCLAIMER: EasyEquities is a product of First World Trader (Pty) Ltd t/a EasyEquities which is an authorised Financial Services Provider. FSP number: 22588. This material is not intended as and does not constitute financial advice or any other advice and is neither exhaustive nor prescriptive. The views expressed by the contributor are his or her own (as an independently registered financial services provider, financial adviser or other independent capacity), and not necessarily endorsed by EasyEquities (as a separate financial services provider)

In the first part of our conversation with Ludwik van Wyk, we chat to the Managing Director at Telos Wealth Capital.We spoke about his upbringing and what shaped him into the investor he is today, what hedge fund managers do, and the three investment principles he lives by.He also encourages investors (new and seasoned) to understand the businesses and industries they have interest in as a means to starting their investment journeys.And finally, Ludwik delves into what a recession really means to everyday people. Even though interest rates may seem far removed from people watching the news cycle, he puts recession in a way anyone would understand (and should beware of).Share the love with us on social media by letting us know what you think of the episode by tweeting @EasyEquities or tagging us on the gram.To sign up to EasyEquities: http://bit.ly/2EtcE85DISCLAIMER: EasyEquities is a product of First World Trader (Pty) Ltd t/a EasyEquities which is an authorised Financial Services Provider. FSP number: 22588. This material is not intended as and does not constitute financial advice or any other advice and is neither exhaustive nor prescriptive. The views expressed by the contributor are his or her own (as an independently registered financial services provider, financial adviser or other independent capacity), and not necessarily endorsed by EasyEquities (as a separate financial services provider)

Narodowy Dzień Pamięci Żołnierzy Wyklętych jest wyrazem hołdu dla żołnierzy drugiej konspiracji za świadectwo męstwa, niezłomnej postawy patriotycznej i przywiązania do tradycji niepodległościowych. "Za krew przelaną w obronie ojczyzny" – napisał w lutym 2010 r. prezydent Lech Kaczyński, który podjął inicjatywę ustawodawczą w zakresie uchwalenia tego święta.  Narodowy Dzień Pamięci "Żołnierzy Wyklętych" przypada na 1 marca. Tego dnia w 1951 r. w więzieniu na warszawskim Mokotowie, po pokazowym procesie, zostali rozstrzelani przywódcy IV Zarządu Głównego Zrzeszenia "Wolność i Niezawisłość" – prezes WiN ppłk Łukasz Ciepliński ("Pług", "Ludwik") i jego najbliżsi współpracownicy: Adam Lazarowicz, Mieczysław Kawalec, Józef Rzepka, Franciszek Błażej, Józef Batory i Karol Chmiel. Ich ciała komuniści zakopali w nieznanym miejscu. Historycy przypominają, że za historią stoją konkretni ludzie. Za postawę patriotyczną zapłacili najwyższą cenę, byli mordowani w katowniach NKWD. Jak młode pokolenie patrzy na niezłomną postawę naszych bohaterów z tamtego czasu.

“Of all things the measure is Man, of the things that are, that they are; and of the things that are not, that they are not.” -Protagoras, fragment 80 (the Homo Mensura fragment) “Through logos humanity truly is the measure of everything. Only that which can be experienced as something is, and that which can not be thus experienced is not.” -Mats Rosengren's updated, clearer version of Protagoras' fragment ‘When a cave supports a mountain on rocks deeply eroded from within, not made by human hand, but excavated to such size by natural causes, your soul is seized by a religious apprehension.' -Seneca, quoted in Caves and the Ancient Greek Mind by Yulia Ustinova (2009) “Genuinely, we know nothing: the truth is in the depth” -Democritus, fragment 117

Das Fleckfieber wurde nicht nach ihm benannt, aber Ludwik Fleck war in der Zeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg einer der bekanntesten Forscher im Kampf gegen die Krankheit. Erst 1909 fand der französische Arzt Charles Nicolle heraus, dass Fleckfieber durch Läuse übertragen wird. Seitdem waren Forschende nicht nur auf der Suche nach den Erregern, sondern auch nach einem Impfstoff. Fleck wurde in Lemberg, dem heutigen Lwiw im Westen der Ukraine, Assistent von Rudolf Weigl, einem Pionier in der Herstellung von Fleckfieberimpfstoffen. Und so produzierte Fleck während des Zweiten Weltkriegs im Lemberger Ghetto Impfstoff und war nach seiner Deportation im Konzentrationslager Buchenwald an einem Sabotageakt beteiligt. Bekannt ist Fleck heute allerdings weniger als Mikrobiologie, sondern vor allem als Erkenntnistheoretiker, dessen Ideen in kaum einer Diskussion über Wissenschaftsforschung fehlen dürfen. Eine Karriere, die allerdings erst nach seinem Tod einsetzte. // Literatur - Andreas Pospischil: Ludwik Fleck und das nicht nach ihm benannte Fleckfieber. - Ludwik Fleck: Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv. //Aus unserer Werbung Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/GeschichtenausderGeschichte NEU: Wer unsere Folgen lieber ohne Werbung anhören will, kann das über eine kleine Unterstützung auf Steady oder ein Abo des GeschichteFM-Plus Kanals auf Apple Podcasts tun. Wir freuen uns, wenn ihr den Podcast bei Apple Podcasts rezensiert oder bewertet. Für alle jene, die kein iTunes verwenden, gibt's die Podcastplattform Panoptikum, auch dort könnt ihr uns empfehlen, bewerten aber auch euer ganz eigenes Podcasthörer:innenprofil erstellen. Wir freuen uns auch immer, wenn ihr euren Freundinnen und Freunden, Kolleginnen und Kollegen oder sogar Nachbarinnen und Nachbarn von uns erzählt!

W jaki sposób krakowski "fizyk miejski' dr Ludwik Żurowski niósł pomoc Żydom w getcie oraz więźniom obozu Plaszow? Posłuchajcie w najnowszym odcinku.Bibliografia:Aleksandrowicz J., Kartki z dziennika doktora Twardego, Kraków 2014.Biberstein A., Zagłada Żydów w Krakowie, Kraków 2001.Pankiewicz T., Apteka w getcie krakowskim, Kraków 1995.

Wspomniany w odcinku doktor Ludwik "Żurkowski" w rzeczywistości nazywał się Żurowski [https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_%C5%BBurowski]. Przepraszamy za pomyłkę. W dzisiejszym odcinku omówimy dlaczego Niemcy tworzyli getta dla ludności żydowskiej w trakcie II wojny światowej. Gdzie i dlaczego utworzono krakowskie getto oraz jak to wszystko relacjonował i opisywał Sprawiedliwy Wśród Narodów Świata właściciel Apteki "Pod Orłem" Tadeusz PankiewiczSpecjalne podziękowania dla Katarzyny Jachny za udział w odcinku.Bibliografia:Grynberg M., Kotowska M., Życie i zagłada Żydów polskich 1939-1945: relacje świadków, Hirniak P., Getta w okupowanej Polsce (https://www.jhi.pl/artykuly/getta-w-okupowanej-polsce,4090)https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/pl/article/ghettosNelken H., Pamiętnik z getta w Krakowie, Toronto 1987Pankiewicz T., Apteka w getcie krakowskim, Kraków 1995Pióro A., Magister Tadeusz Pankiewicz Biografia, Kraków 2013Relacja Mili Hornik, Centralna Biblioteka Judaistyczna, sygn. 301/188,Warszawa 2003Zimmermann H. Z., Przeżyłem, pamiętam, świadczę, Kraków 1997.Muzyka:Utwór Dark Fog autorstwa Kevin MacLeod jest dostępny na licencji Licencja Creative Commons – uznanie autorstwa 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Źródło: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1300031Wykonawca: http://incompetech.com/

W 126. odcinku podcastu "Finansowe Sensacje Tygodnia" Maciej Danielewicz rozmawia z Ludwikiem Koteckim, członkiem Rady Polityki Pieniężnej. W ostatnim tygodniu o RPP było głośno w mediach z powodu konfliktu między różnymi przedstawicielami tego ciała. Niewykluczone, że konflikt ten dokłada swoją cegiełkę do coraz niższych notowań złotego i coraz wyższej rentowności polskich obligacji. Co trzeba zrobić, żeby zakończyć awanturę? Jak podwyższać stopy procentowe? Kiedy inflacja spadnie do jednocyfrowego poziomu? Zapraszamy do odsłuchania!

Każdy wierzący zgodzi się, że modlitwa jest ważna. Jednak w praktyce często mamy z nią problem. Nie kwestionujemy podstawowych potrzeb ciała, natomiast życie duchowe bywa często traktowane z niższym priorytetem. W tym kazaniu staramy się zainspirować i odświeżyć nasze spojrzenie na modlitwę, żeby na nowo czerpać z niej życiodajne siły.

No programa inaugural do Café com Pesquisa, Bruno Meneses Lorenzetto explica as ideias centrais do epistemólogo Ludwik Fleck, autor da obra "Gênese e Desenvolvimento de um Fato Científico".

Dlaczego inflacja nie reaguje na podnoszenie stóp procentowych? – Nie jest tak do końca. Nie należy się spodziewać, że po podniesieniu stóp następnego dnia inflacja zacznie spadać. Niestety transmisja podwyżki stóp procentowych do gospodarki trwa kilka kwartałów. Jeżeli Rada Polityki Pieniężnej podnosi dzisiaj stopy, to efekt tego podniesienia zobaczymy za 4, może 6 kwartałów. Zaostrzenie polityki, które zaczęło się w październiku zeszłego roku, efekt będzie miało pod koniec tego roku i na początku przyszłego – w rozmowie z Szymonem Glonkiem, mówi Ludwik Kotecki, ekonomista, członek Rady Polityki Pieniężnej. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Jak wyglądała droga Afganek, które zostały znanymi polityczkami, dziennikarkami, działaczkami i artystkami? Jaką cenę płacą Afganki za swoją niezależność? Jak wygląda feminizm w Afganistanie? Co zmieniło się w sierpniu 2021 roku? Czy tylko polityczki i wpływowe działaczki domagają się swoich praw? Jak wyglądało życie Afganek na przestrzeni lat? Czy może być jeszcze gorzej? Jak możemy pomóc afgańskim kobietom? Na te i inne pytania odpowiemy podczas rozmowy na żywo w środę 4 maja o godz. 20:00 na naszym Facebook'u. Gościnią Salam Lab będzie Ludwika Włodek. Ludwika jest socjolożką, reporterką i wykładowczynią na Wydziale Orientalistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. To także autorka książek, m.in. takich pozycji jak: „Wystarczy przejść przez rzekę” czy „Gorsze dzieci republiki. O Algierczykach we Francji”. Pretekstem do spotkania jest premiera reportażu Ludwiki Włodek pt. „Buntowniczki z Afganistanu”, wydanego nakładem Wydawnictwa W.A.B. Rozmowę poprowadzi Karol Wilczyński – współtwórca Salam Lab, dziennikarz, reporter, aktywista i edukator. Bądźcie z nami! *** Rozmowę możesz obejrzeć w serwisie Youtube oraz odsłuchać w formie podcastu na naszych kanałach w aplikacjach Anchor, Spotify oraz ApplePodcasts. Subskrybuj nasze kanały, aby być zawsze na bieżąco! YT: https://www.youtube.com/c/salamlab SPOTIFY: http://spoti.fi/3ciPE9y APPLE: http://apple.co/3l0iX4B ANCHOR: https://anchor.fm/salamlab Jeśli chcesz wspierać nas i przyczyniać się do tego, aby spotkań takich jak to było więcej, wesprzyj nas w serwisie Patronite! Możesz to zrobić tutaj: https://patronite.pl/SalamLab

Born in Białystok, Ludwik Zamenhof was the creator of Esperanto, an invented language that was supposed to help erase conflict and bring humanity together. Join us for a short discussion of this multilingual peace activist, doctor, philosopher, humanitarian and namesake of countless schools, buildings and streets, including here in Krakow. 

Bohaterem dzisiejszej Szkoły Bardzo Wieczorowej będzie Ludwik XIV zwany przez poddanych Królem Słońce. Przypisuje mu się też i to powiedzenie "Państwo to ja". Czy faktycznie to powiedział, nie wiadomo, ale był to król na tyle ambitny, że te słowa mogły paść z jego ust. Ewelina Sobczyk Podleszańska przypomni życiorys króla, jego wojny i podboje, no i też sporo mówić będzie o podbojach sercowych Ludwika Wielkiego, a tych było bardzo bardzo dużo.

Interview with Father Ludwik Ryba SJ, who returns to Poland after 26 years of pastoral work among the Polish community in Melbourne. - Rozmowa z Ojcem Ludwikiem Rybą SJ, który po 26 latach pracy duszpasterskiej wśród Polonii w Melbourne, powraca do Polski.

Kultura modlitwy / Dom - miejsce, gdzie rozmawiamy z domownikami, dzielimy się tym, co u nas. Bóg też pragnie rozmowy z nami. Ale czy my jesteśmy gotowi, aby słuchać?

- Nazywaliśmy go różnie: Redaktor Wielki, Pan Szef, ale przede wszystkim był człowiekiem niezwykłym, takich ludzi już prawie nie ma. Niezwykle przenikliwie myślał o przeszłości i współczesności muzyki w Polsce i na świecie. Nie znosił koterii, zadęcia i hipokryzji, miał ogromne poczucie humoru - mówiła na antenie Dwójki Dorota Kozińska.

Ludwik Dorn, były polityk, socjolog, komentator polityczny, surowo ocenia działanie państwa, polityków ale i zachowanie społeczeństwa w czasie pandemii. Nagranie zrobiliśmy przed wybuchem wojny. Od czwartku obserwujemy niezwykły zryw społeczny Polaków. Nie popadajmy jednak w samozachwyt. Posłuchajmy często trudnych akceptacji opinii Ludwika Dorna.

Od momentu, gdy się nawróciłeś, uwielbienie nieustannie gra w tobie. Możesz je wyciszyć lub włączyć na cały regulator. Zależy to tylko od twojej decyzji. Zapraszamy cię do postawienia kolejnego kroku - bliżej.

In the season finale, we learn about the several attempts to save Lidia's life during World War II and last words from her to those who helped her and her family.  TRANSCRIPT:Welcome to Who was she? Podcast where I, Tara Jabbari share the stories of women throughout Baha'i history. This is the final episode of this season about the life of Lidia Zamenhof, an Esperantist and Baha'i who traveled through three continents to teach languages in effort to bring unity to humankind. On December 9th, 1938, Lidia arrived back in Poland. It took her some getting used to. She wrote, “The highest skyscraper in Warsaw, of which the city is so proud, because it has seventeen stories, cannot impress me anymore.” She wrote about her travels and despite the many hardships she went through, she only spoke of all the friendships she made. Lidia missed teaching Esperanto but decided to focus on translating Baha'i Writings into Esperanto now that she had the time. She also found out about a friend who died in France and wrote to the family expressing her condolences and also her own feelings about death, “Personally, I believe that…the destruction of the human body does not mean the death of the person. This body, composed of atoms, must disintegrate because everything that is composed must decompose. But the higher part of man, his spirit, does not consist of atoms; it is not a combination of chemical elements and is not subject to the law of decomposition. I believe that our consciousness lives on in ways and conditions which we, still living in the body, cannot imagine, just as the little child in the womb of its mother is incapable of imagining the world it will be coming into and for which is being prepared. Those thoughts are a great consolation for me, whenever physical death places a barrier between myself and those I love…”  Her thoughts and beliefs could bring some comfort to others, certainly to her as the world entered a new war that would ultimately be the cause of her death.  By fall, 1939, the Third Reich invaded Poland which began the second world war. After three weeks of trying to fight them off, Warsaw was conquered. Now they were all under the Nazi rule and Jews had to be distinguished from the rest of the population at all times, which meant that Jews had to wear the Star of David on their sleeves and Jewish businesses and schools were closed with their quarter surrounded by fences and barbed wire to keep away from everyone else.  Learning of what was going on and news about Lidia, in particular, were scarce and hard to distinguish from rumor. In November, 1939 the same year that Martha Root died some Jewish newspapers in the US reported that the Zamenhof family were arrested because Lidia had gone to the United States to spread anti-Nazi propaganda.  Esperantists and Baha'is in America worked together to try and save Lidia's life. They contacted the Polish Embassy and the US State Department officials in Berlin but officially, they all said they could not take any action as Lidia was not an American citizen.  Letters sent to Lidia's family were being returned with no forwarding address. But in March, 1940, Stephen Zamenhof, Lidia's cousin who was in New York when the war broke out was able to learn from family in Russia that the whole family had been arrested after the occupation in Warsaw. Adam, her brother was the first to be arrested at the Jewish Hospital where he had been the Director of the Hospital. Then his wife, Wanda and sister Zofia were arrested. His son, Ludwik was spared due to his illness, possibly of typhus and therefore, left at home. Lidia was also arrested. Ludwik eventually was able to share that Lidia and Zofia were released after several months in Pawiak Prison and found a place to stay in Ogrodowa Street since the Zamenhof home had been destroyed during the bombardment of Warsaw. Adam was sent to Danilwiczowska Prison. Eventually, it was learned that at the end of January, 1940 Dr Adam Zamenhof had been shot and killed with a hundred other intellectuals and professionals.  Meanwhile, an Esperantist, Jozef Arszenik who was taught the Baha'i Faith by Lidia visited her before the Ghetto was sealed off. He offered to hide Lidia in his home on the outskirts of Warsaw. After the war, Mr. Arszenike wrote: “That noble woman refused my offer to save her, saying that I with my family could lose our lives, because whoever hides a Jew perishes along with the Jew who is discovered.” He also wrote that Lidia's last words to him were, “Do not think of putting yourself in danger; I know that I must die, but I feel it my duty to stay with my people. God grant that our of out sufferings a better world may emerge. I believe in God. I am a Baha'i and will die a Baha'i. Everything is in His hands.” After the war, Mr. Arszenik became a Baha'i and lived till the age of 80.  There are accounts of attempts to save Lidia's life, one in particular which is what personally inspired me to learn more about Lidia. In the late 1930s, for Germany, it was clear all signs pointed to a war. A German Baha'i, Fritz Macco and his brother and friends were worried about what that meant for them. As Baha'is, they must obey their government but also as Baha'is, they did not want to fight and did not agree with Germany's politics The men wrote a letter to the Guardian of the Baha'i Faith, Shoghi Effendi, for guidance. The Guardian reportedly replied that if their desire not to take a life was sincere, God would assist them in attaining it. Fritz and his brother and friends were soon drafted into the army. all of them died in the first week of the war with the exception of twenty-four-year-old Fritz. He was sent to Warsaw as an ambulance driver for the German Army which allowed him to not be in a non-combatant duty. He was puzzled as to why he was spared but when he arrived in Warsaw and found Lidia, he believed he was spared to help save her life. Again, Lidia refused to leave “her people” and though he could not save her life, Fritz would go on to help the Resistance and save many other Jews and Baha'is in occupied land, including his own mother. Sadly In September 1944, Fritz was killed. By 1942, there was scarce information on Lidia but she was able to send a postcard to a friend in Holland sharing that Zofia and sister-in-law, Wanda are working as doctors in the Ghetto. Although she never wrote it down, it was probable that Lidia was teaching others English. This was against the law as English was considered the enemy's language under-occupied Poland but it gave people hope. But in July 1942, there was the order that all the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto were to be “deported to the east,” to a camp called, Treblinka.  While Wanda and her son Ludwik were able to escape and survive outside the Ghetto during the deposition, Lidia and Zofia were not able to. They were taken 120 kilometers from Warsaw to Treblinka. The death camp was about fifty acres and surrounded by antitank barriers and barbed wire with watchtowers in each corner. There were gas chambers and burial pits where the bodies were disposed of originally by lime then later by burning on large iron racks. Eventually, Nazis became worried that the mass graves might be discovered so they exhumed and burned them. It is calculated that one million, two hundred Jews died at Treblinka including Lidia and her sister. The author of Lidia's biography Wendy Heller writes, “Among the ashes in the ground at Treblinka are those of Lidia Zamenhof.” She was thirty-eight years old.  After the war, it was discovered that miraculously, the Jewish cemetery had not been destroyed and Ludwik Zamenhof's tomb still stood. There eventually would be a plaque set in place on Klara Zamenhof's grave with the names of Lidia and Zofia, that reads “Murdered in the year 1942. Let the memory of them last forever.” There was a memorial service held in honor of Lidia by the Baha'is of the United States and Canada on the week of October 25th, 1946. Lidia refused to allow others to endanger themselves in order to save her, she felt a duty to be with her family and the Jewish community. Lidia never hid away from trying to find meaning in the world. She found love in faith and language that she believed would unite everyone. She believed what truly mattered was how someone faced a challenge. I leave you with Lidia's own words, “behind the densest clouds the sun is shining, that the Most Great Peace will come.' ‘Whoever can still find in his heart a single ray of faith, as delicate and any as a spider's thread, will not perish in the abyss, but even if all the powers of this world rise to struggle against him to push him down, even in the fall itself he will stop, and by this ray, as why the biblical ladder, even out of the abyss will ascend to heaven.' This has been Who was she? Podcast, follow us on our Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest @whowasshe podcast. And please, rate and subscribe wherever you listen to this podcast. Logo was designed by Angela Musacchio. Music was composed and performed by Sam Redd. I am your host, Tara Jabbari.    Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we learn more about how and why a young Lidia became an active Esperantist and meet Martha Root, her spiritual mother who taught her the Baha'i Faith. TRANSCRIPT:Welcome to Who was she? Podcast where I, Tara Jabbari share the stories of women throughout Baha'i history. This season is about the life of Lidia Zamenhof, an esperantist and Baha'i who traveled through three continents to teach languages in efforts to bring unity to humankind.  In the previous episode, we learned about Lidia's father, Ludwik Zamenhof and how he developed his new language, Esperanto. In this episode we will learn how Lidia became an active Esperantist and was starting to be seen as a new leader for the Esperanto movement. As the family continued to grieve, Klara took Ludwik's passing the hardest.  Lidia often wrote how she witnessed her mother age suddenly. But she had a duty to be strong for her children, especially for her teenage daughter and to continue her husband's work progressing Esperanto.  For Lidia, when she was a girl, she actually did not like learning Esperanto. Slightly embarrassed, her parents continued to speak with her in the language but she was stubborn and independent, refusing to respond in Esperanto. However, eventually, she did see that the language was an example of bridging gaps between people and it's significance in theirs and others lives. In later years, all of her letters were written solely in Esperanto. She witnessed how many people Bonvenigis, or welcomed a language that would striving for unity during a world war.  By 1918, World War 1 ended and Poland became an independent nation after over 100 years. The country now found itself poor and overpopulated. the Jews suffered greatly and anti-semitic violence broke out in 130 towns and villages throughout Poland. The country found itself clashing with the Red Army and there continued to be a lot of unrest throughout the neighboring countries.  A teenage Lidia took initiative and began translating literature into Esperanto. Lidia began her mission, she would propagate the Esperanto language in order to fulfill her father's wishes. As she grew older, her cousins and neighbors wrote that she was of slight build, not handsome but had an “interesting face.” When it came to going to university, Lidia did not go the traditional route of medicine like her siblings. Instead, she was accepted into the University Of Warsaw with the intention of studying law, just as her mother wished. Even though she was of Jewish background and anti-Semitism was in high gear, she was able to be accepted into the Polish university where, at the time, had a strict quota of limiting how many Jews could attend university. While her mother's wishes were fulfilled, Lidia revealed to a friend that her heart was not into the subject. She continued to work hard in school and in Esperanto while falling victim to prejudice and anger by her fellow Polish citizens for her background.  During the Universal Congress of Esperanto in 1924, Lidia accompanied her mother who was fragile, and suffering from liver cancer. One of the speakers that year was Edmond Privat, a disciple of Ludwik. He spoke of what is needed by Esperantists today, “Our task is very clear: we must slay the dark dragon of misunderstanding among peoples, we must spread that language in which dwells the youthful spirit of the new humanity.”  Inspired, Lidia began to take a more public role in the Esperanto movement. Soon, Esperantists learned there was another passionate Zamenhof who expressed openly and fearlessly of the need for unity.  After World War I, the Esperanto language grew with new people learning the language everyday. In 1924, the League of Nations and the Universal Telegraph Unions unanimously recognized Esperanto as a “klara lingvo” or “clear language” for telegraphy.  It was also the year Klara Zamenoff passed away. With the matriarch gone, Espernatists hoped another member of the Zamenhof family would  become a leader in their movement, particularly the eldest child, Adam. But Adam had other responsibilities with his own family and his growing medical practice. Zofia, was also busy pursing her career in medicine.It would be Lidia, now 20 years old, who would carry on her father's passion project. She no longer had her long blond hair in braids, replacing it with a short bob that was common for the time and was only 5 feet tall but the petite Lidia became more active in the Esperanto Conferences, she would be recognized for her “thoughtful blue eyes.”  Unusual for the time, Lidia never married or had children.  It was recalled that at least six Zamenhof women did not marry at all, including Zofia, Lidia's sister. Instead, the real expectation was to be doing some kind of work which was a service to humanity. While Zofia became a doctor, Lidia would become a teacher of the Esperanto language, traveling across oceans and influencing all that crossed her path.  Lidia was less intrigued of home making, having never learned how to cook, was shy and could be introverted. She also had few true friends that she confided in. One Esperantist, recalled, “The young men used to say Lidia Zamenhof has only one lover, which is the Esperanto language!”  Lidia was more interested in the life of an intellectual and believed, similarly to her father that world peace could not be accomplished until all the peoples of the world could communicate with each other. Esperanto was the ideal means for that. She also identified herself as an atheist, having witnessed and been victim to how religious persecution only tore people apart.  But the Seventeenth Universal Congress of Esperanto held in Geneva, Switzerland would introduce Lidia to someone who would change her life forever.  She would meet an American journalist, teacher, and Esperantist, Martha Root. They would bond over the common interest to bring peace for people through the power of language. Martha herself was  a member of the Baha'i Faith, and believed in the power of religion. This was the same faith that spoken to Ludwik Zamenhof, and the same faith whose followers were encouraged to learn Esperanto.  This meeting united these women so closely that they referred to each other lovingly as spiritual mother and daughter. Lidia was now inspired to travel and teach Esperanto across borders and oceans.  On the next episode, we learn more about Martha Root and her influence on Lidia.  You can also find more information on our Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest @whowasshe podcast. And please, rate and subscribe wherever you listen to this podcast. Logo was designed by Angela Musacchio. Music was composed and performed by Sam Redd. I am your host, Tara Jabbari.  Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The first episode on Lidia Zamenhof will focus on why and how her father invented the language Esperanto which would change not only her life but the world. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to Who was she? Podcast. I am your host, Tara Jabbari. After a decade working in documentaries, marketing and all things digital media, I found that podcasting is a strong medium to share stories. After years of producing for others, I decided to start my own biographical podcast. Who was she? Podcast will focus on the stories of women throughout history that were active in the Baha'i Faith. This season is about the life of Lidia Zamenhof, a woman who traveled through three continents between World War one and two to teach languages in an effort to bring unity to humankind. Using the biography, Lidia by Wendy Heller, learn about who made an impact in Lidia's life and how she impacted others.  Her father was the inventor of the language Esperanto and like the language, Lidia won the hearts of many who encountered her despite numerous skeptics and biases.  In order to understand Lidia, you have to know more about her father Ludwick Zamenhof. Esperanto began because Ludwick witnessed many challenges and he concluded that the language barrier was the most common reason for these challenges.  Ludwik Zamenhof was born in 1859 to Markus and Rozalia Zamenhof. He was the first of nine children and  grew up in Bialystok, Lithuania. At the time, the town became a crossroads for people of diverse cultures and nationalities. Families from Russian, Polish, German and Jewish backgrounds all lived in the same area but kept to themselves, sticking to their own familiar languages and were suspicious of others. Based on the example set in the Old Testament's Tower of Babel and from his own experiences, Ludwik believed the mistrust and confusion among the people were brought upon them because they did not speak the same language and would not learn each others. Since choosing one existing language would require people to agree that this was the superior language, he decided to create a whole new one that would make it easier for people to communicate and therefore unify.  When he was 15 years old, he began creating this new universal language and over the next several years, he shared with his brother and friends who began to learn it. As he progressed on the new language, his father, Markus, a professor of linguistics was worried. A few of his friends expressed concern to Markus that Ludwick was showing signs of insanity by trying to make a so-called universal language. Father and son butted heads until they reached a compromise. Ludwick would study medicine and postpone his work on creating a new language. In return, Markus would keep all of his work safely while Ludwick went to Moscow University. When he kept his end of the bargain, Ludwick asked his father for his notebooks but was heart broken to hear that Markus burned it all. Ludwick would have to work from scratch all over again. The result was a torn relationship between father and son that would take many years to heal.  Ludwick moved to Warsaw, Poland and eventually opened his own ophthalmology practice. In 1887, Ludwick married Klara Zilbernik. Klara's family  was very fond of Ludwick and his passion to create a universal language. Her  father even agreed to use half the money from her dowry to allow Ludwik to publish the first book entirely written in the new language. The forty page book included translations of poems as well as a vocabulary of nine hundred words with a Russian translation. Ludwick signed his first book with a pseudonym, “Dr. Esepranto.” Esperanto means, “He who Hopes” The book was a success and many people started to learn Esperanto. With the continued help and support of his in-laws, Ludwick was able to write another series of books translating the works of Shakespeare and parts of the Old Testament into Esperanto.  Ludwick and Klara's  family grew with the birth of Adam,in 1888 and Zofia, in 1889 and by 1903, with the popularity of Esperanto on the rise, they were expecting their third  child. Count Leo Tolstoy received a copy of the first book and reported that he learned the language, quote, “after not more than two hours study”.  On January 29th 1904, Lidia was born. By 1905, the First International Congress of Esperantists was held in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. These annual congresses would be a huge part of Lidia's life growing up and would introduce her to other passions and purposes.  As the youngest child, Lidia's siblings were considerably older than her and her parents were in their 40s. Both Adam and Zofia followed in their father's footsteps and went to medical school. Lidia was homeschooled until the age of 10. Her parents taught her the importance of honesty and while she had a lot of their attention, they never spoiled her. Klara, her mother, described a 6 year old Lidia as a quote, “very able, bright and hard-working.”  Though The family lived on Dzika Street in the Jewish quarters of Warsaw but the family did not practice Judaism. Therefore, they were regarded with hostility by other Jews and because they were of Jewish background, they were still victims of anti-semits.  Ludwick in particular, wrote his wish that there was either no religion or one religion that all people belong to. He believed that language as well as religion were the great barriers for people to regard each other as friends and family.  But during the Esperanto Congresses, Lidia would witness unity for the first time and she observed how much respect and adoration people had for her father.  Over the years, there was a growing interest in Esperanto. In an interview with a progressive religious magazine, the Christian Commonwealth, the interviewer asked Dr. Zamenhoff his thoughts on how much the language spread and about a new religion, the Bahai Faith.  The Baha'i Faith started in Persia, what is now present day Iran in the mid 19th century. Its Prophet Founder, Baha'u'llah was exiled to Akka, Palestine, present day Israel. He wrote principles and laws to allow humanity to progress including the equality between men and women, elimination of prejudice and the concept of a universal language. The achievement of one universal language, He affirmed, would be the sign of the ‘coming of age of the human race.' Baha'u'llah died in 1892 and His Family was still incarcerated in Akka until the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Now free, Abdu'l-Baha, Son of Baha'u'llah traveled throughout Europe and North America in the 1910s. In February 1913, Abdu'l-Baha spoke about Esperanto in Paris which was reported in the Baha'i magazine, Star of the West. He said:  ‘In the world of existence an international auxiliary language is the greatest bond to unite the people. Today the causes of differences in Europe are the diversities of language. We say, this man is a German, the other is an Italian, then we meet an Englishman and then again a Frenchman. Although they belong to the same race, yet language is the greatest barrier between them. Were a universal auxiliary language now in operation they would all be considered as one…‘Now, praise be to God, that Dr. Zamenhof has invented the Esperanto language. It has all the potential qualities of becoming the international means of communication. All of us must be grateful and thankful to him for this noble effort, for in this way he has served his fellow-men well. He has invented a language which will bestow the greatest benefits on all people. With untiring effort and self sacrifice on the part of its devotees it will become universal. Therefore every one of us must study this language and spread it as far as possible so that day by day it may receive a broader recognition, be accepted by all nations and governments of the world and become a part of the curriculum in all the public schools. I hope that the language of all the future international conferences and congresses will become Esperanto so that all people may acquire only two languages - one their own tongue and the other the international auxiliary language. Then perfect union will be established between the people of the world.'Abdu'l-Baha encouraged Baha'is all over the world to learn Esperanto. The interviewer from Christian Commonwealth asked Zamenhof his thoughts on Abdu'l-Baha's recent talk, to which he replied: ‘I feel greatly interested in the Baha'i movement, as it is one of the great world-movement which, like our own, is insisting upon the brotherhood of mankind, and is calling on men to understand one another and to learn to love each other. The Baha'is will understand the internal idea of Esperanto better than most people. That idea is, “on the basis of a neutral language to break down the walls which divide men and accustom them to see in their neighbour a man and a brother”.'Eventually Esperanto was taught in Persia and continued to grow in other countries. As the years continued, Ludwick's health declined. On April 14th, 1917, Dr. Zamenhof peacefully passed away in his home.His family found some of his essays sprawled around his desk. One read: “I do not remember exactly in which year of my life I lost my religious faith, but I remember that I reached the highest degree of my unbelief at around the age of 15 or 16. That was also the most tormented period of my life. In my eyes, life lost all meaning and value...All seemed so senseless, useless, aimless, so absurd!“I came to feel that perhaps [death is] not disappearance, perhaps death is a miracle...that something is guiding us for a high purpose…” He never finished the essay. How did she cope with her father's death? What happened to the Esperanto movement? We will find out in the next episode of Who was she? You can also find more information on our Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest @whowasshe podcast. And please, rate and subscribe wherever you listen to this podcast. Logo was designed by Angela Musacchio. Music was composed and performed by Sam Redd. I am your host, Tara Jabbari.  Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.